had his limitation hovv much hee ought at his death to bee queathe vnto theÌ„ and al the rest of hys inheritaÌ„ce goods to desceÌ„d to the next Issue male of his kyn Four causes vvhy old age semeth miserable * The j. dispraise of Oldage Oldage is no let or hinderaÌ„ce to a man from dealing in offices or functions in the CoÌ„mon vvel the. Graue vvise couÌ„sellours the chiefe staye of a CoÌ„mon vvealths Appius Claudius Maister of a Shyppe * Who made Carthage Tributary to Rome this Scipio vtterly destroyed it There vvere alvvayes 4. Consuls 2. in Office for the yere present the other elected to succede the next yeare folovvinge The Senate hath his name of Olde men Lacedemonians Memorie not minished in Oldmen Memorye of Themistocles A foolish persvvasion that vvas in people of old time No olde man so obliuious to forget vvhere he layeth his purse Sophocles accused by his ovvn sonnes for do tag No man so old but hopeth to lyue one yeere longer Men must do good for them that come after Old men take delight in tovvardly youÌ„gmen An Olde maÌ„s good aduertisement very profitable and pleasaunt to a youÌ„g man. SoloÌ„ vvaxed Olde by learning euerye daye somvhat Cato learned the Greeke tong vvheÌ„ hee vvas an OldmaÌ„ The Second disprayse of Oldage alledged by them that saye Oldage is myserable because it maketh the bodye vveake and feble Milo repreheÌ„ded because he bevvailed his lacke of strengthe in his old age An other obiection To instructe teach youth is a necessary and excelleÌ„t Function Learned men Youth inordinate lye ledde maketh a feeble impotent Oldage Lusty Old-age of Cyrus Perfecte strength of Metellus in Old-age Nestor lyued three hundred yeres Iliad j. Agamemnon Wisdome excelleth strength Betvvene the Romaines the CarthaginiaÌ„s A mountayne in Greece through vvhich is a verye streight and narrovv passage Enoughe such Cockneyes novv a dayes Let euery man meddle vvith no more then hee can vvell compasse Milo caryed an Oxe aliue vpoÌ„ his shoulders the space of a furlong Euery age hath his proper season Masinissa kinge of Mauritani at a vvorthye and a painfull Prince ObiectioÌ„ ObiectioÌ„ YouÌ„gmeÌ„ subiect to infirmities asvvel as olde Good lessons to resist Oldeage The dyet of the bodye aptly reseÌ„bled to a Lamp DiffereÌ„ce betvvene the povvers of the mynd and the bodye Dotage Blind Appius a paterne of a noble GeÌ„tlemaÌ„ and good housholder What maketh Old age honorable Youthful Oldage Old youÌ„g age The custome of the Pytha thagoriaÌ„s The third Dispraise of Olage alledged by them that saye it is vvith out al plesures Bodilye pleasure notablye inueigh ed against by Atchitas Pleasures the Welspring of al Mischieues Dignitie of the minde A man addicted to pleasure moste vn meete for al vertuous actioÌ„s A shameful and reprochful ouerthro Oldage qualifieth all il motions Pleasure and Vertue are contraryes Vice punished vvithout any parciahtie or respect of persons A dissolute part coÌ„mitted by Flaminius to fulfill an vvhores request Epicure This man valyantly died in the defeÌ„ce his CouÌ„trey ObiectioÌ„ Hard to resist pleasures allurements Moderate Banquetting coÌ„medable and tolerable for Old-age Cybele Banquettinge and makinge merie vvyth honest coÌ„panye ConuiuiuÌ„ 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oldage not altogether vvithout vulgare pleasures XenophoÌ„ ObiectioÌ„ Sophocles aunsvvere touching carnal cocupisceÌ„ce He that careth not for a thig cannot be sayde to lacke it An excellente player of Comaedies and counterfeicter of mens gestures What old age is plesauntest C. Gallus Oldman studious Astronomie Geometye Naeuius Plautus Liuius Andronicus Licinius Crassus Scipio The God desse of Eloquence and gallaÌ„t speach called in Greke Pitho Wee vvax older by beeing vviser Husbandrye Buddes Dygging Dunging Odyss â— Sundrye delightes of HusbaÌ„drye Planting Graffinge NoblemeÌ„ haue delyted to speÌ„de their time in Husbandrye A noble aunsvvere of a vvorthy man Enemye to all bryberye Senators Oldmen The highest office in the coÌ„mon vvealth called also the Maister of the people for the time had the office of a king Noble Councellours chosen out of the countrye Currours or Purseuauntes In HusbaÌ„dry is both profite pleasure Hortus altera Succidia Exercises for YouÌ„g men Disportes for Olde men XenophoÌ„ his booke of Householde Cyrus Lysander When Trees are so exactly set that vvhiche vvay so euer a man loke they stand dyrectly one againste another Virtuti Fortuna comes Valerius Coruinus Authoritye the chiefest honor and ornamente of Oldage What maner of old-age is commendable The best dvvelling for Olde age vvas at Lacedemon Great reuerence among the Heathen shevved to Old age Too manye of the same staÌ„p novv a dayes ObiectioÌ„ Faults of maners not of age Terence Seueritye in mesure alovvable in OldmeÌ„ Couetousnes in old-men The iiii dispraise of Old-age surmysed by theÌ„ vvhiche saye it is miserable because it is nere vnto Death Death not to be feared the reasoÌ„s vvhy For eyther the Soule lyueth or els dyeth YongmeÌ„ more subiect to sicknesse theÌ„ Oldmen CoÌ„mon vvealthes Cities gouerned and mainteined by Oldmen Death spareth no Age. ObiectioÌ„ Ansvvere ObiectioÌ„ Ansvvere Old men haue already enioyed that vvhich younge men doe but hope for Argantonius liued 120. yeres Time passeth We must haue a greater care to lyue vvell then to lyue long Spring Fruicts of Oldage YongmeÌ„ haue greater payne in dyinge then Old-men Oldage hath no certen nuÌ„ber of yeres a pointed hovv long to last Oldage stout and ful of courage Solons ansvvere to Pisistr atus the Tyraunt It is a vvicked thing for a man to murther or kil himselfe Solon vvished to haue his death bevvailed Ennius Death not to bee bevvailed He that stil standeth in feare of Death can neuer haue a quiet mynde Nothing more certaine then Death Nothing more vncertaine then the houre of Deathe Valiaunt knightes which dyed for the honor safegarde of their countrye Vnder the coÌ„duct of Haâ—druball Terentius Varro Hannibal Not vvorthye and honorable GentlemeÌ„ only but coÌ„mon souldiers inferior persons haue despised Death Euery age hath his peculier delite and studye A true lyfe The Body is the prison or Iayle of the Soule Why the mind vvas inspired into man. Pythagoras Immortalitye of the soule Plato his Reasons to proue the immortality of the Soule Lib. 8. de Cyri paedia All thingesreturn to that vvherof they had their first begining Sleepe an Image of Death Paulus Aemilius Pub. Scipio C. Scipio Noble mindes desire to leaue a re The God lye desire Death but the vvicked feare it This place is translated accordinge to ij sundrye Latine Textes This life ful of trouble and labour A vvorthye and vertuous man is not borne in vaine This life is no dvvelling place of continual abode but as an Inne or lodgeinge for a tyme The fashion then among the Romains vvas to burne their dead Bodies What learning and EloqueÌ„ce is able to doe Paradoxa signifieth SenteÌ„ces contrarye to the coÌ„mon opynion of most men Tusculane Questions Mony Riches and such like are
FOVVRE SEuerall Treatises of M. TVLLIVS CICERO Conteyninge his most learned and Eloquente Discourses of Frendshippe Oldage Paradoxes and Scipio his Dreame All turned out of Latine into English by Thomas Newton Imprinted at London in Fleetestreete neere to S. Dunstanes Churche by Tho. Marshe Cum Priuilegio 1577. To the Righte Honorable his very good Lord Fraūcis Earle of Bedford Lord Russell of the Noble order of the Garter Knight and one of her Maiesties moste Honourable priuye Counsel Tho. Nevvton vvisheth the fernent zeale of God vvith encrease of much Honor. EIghte yeeres agoe Right Honorable some parte of these my poore Labors escaped my handes and rashly by peecemeale passed the Printers Presse not without some blemishes and Eyesores which as my meaning was then to haue repolished and brought into order so the poastinge speede and shufling vp of the same without my presence consent and knowledge quight defeated my purpose and dashed my determination But sithens things passed be irreuocable I haue thought good vpō request to take that direct course in the second edition thereof which seemed best to breede the Readers profit and soonest to salue myne own credite And thereupon haue I pulled all asunder agayne and aduentured the same anew adding thervnto one Booke more thē before I had done because the whole VVorke beeing by that meanes fully supplied shoulde come foorth vniforme and in one maner of Style and order VVhich being now throughly finished I humbly present offer vnto youre good L. not a whitte doubting of your honorable acceptaunce if not for anye workemanshippe of myne which is God knoweth verye rude and vnsauerye yet for noble Cicero his owne sake the Author first writer hereof whose onely name much more hys learned workes you haue as they are well worthye in reuerent estimation For which verye cause I deemed no worthier Counsay loure could be found to defend and protect so noble a Senatour then your H. whom in the watchful cares of the Common wealth profounde VVisdome graue aduise and politicke gouernmēt he so neerely and liuelye resembleth My part of trauaile in the Interpretatiō of whose Sayings I hūbly submit vnto your Honourable censure beseechinge God to continue and encrease hys blessinges spiritual and temporall vpon you your honourable Lady and Children to the aduauncement and setting foorth of his glorie the weale of this your Coūtry to your own ioye consolation From Butley in Chesshyre the. 4. of Maye 1577. Your good L. wholy at commaundement Thomas Newton The Booke of Freendshippe Otherwise entituled Laelius written dialoguewise by Marcus Tullius Cicero vnto his very freende T. Pomponius Atticus The Preface QVINTVS Mutius Scaeuola Augur was wont promptlye pleasauntly to reporte manye thinges of Caius Laelius hys father in law and doubted not in all his talke to tearme him a wiseman And I assone as euer I entred into mans state was in such sort by my father put to Scaeuola that as nere as I might or coulde I should not one whit steppe aside from the olde mans sleeue And therefore I diligently noted and committed to memorye many reasons wisely by him discoursed and many thinges brieflye and aptly by him spoken and sought by hys wisdome to become the better learned After that he was dead I got me to P. Scaeuola whom alone I dare boldlye cal for witte and skille the oddestman of our Citie But of him we shal speake more at an other time Nowe doe I returne to Scaeuola Augur Among his many other discourses of sundry matters I do namely remēber that be sitting at home in his halfe rounde Chayre as his cōmon wont was to doe when as I and a verye fewe of his Famyliers were presente fell into that talke whiche as then was almoste common in manye mennes mouthes For as I thincke freende Atticus you remember well ynough and muche the rather because you were verye famylier with P. Sulpitius what a wondring and moane there was of all men when as hee beeinge Tribune for the Commons was fallen at deadlye variaunce with Q. Pompeius beinge at that time Consull with whome aforetime hee had lyued moste freendlye and louinglye At that verye time therefore Scaeuola entringe into talke aboute the same declared vnto vs the Speache that Laelius had with him and hys other Sonne in Lawe C. Fannius the Sonne of Marcus a sewe Dayes after the Deathe of Aphricanus touchinge Freendeshyppe The chiefe pointes of whiche his Discourse I faythfullye committed to memorie and haue in this Booke set downe after mine owne phāsie and discretion For I haue introduced them as it were speakinge one to an other that these tearmes Quoth I and Quoth he shoulde not bee to often repeated And for this purpose haue I done it because the Treatise mighte seeme to bee had as it were of persons present euen before your faces And forasmuch freende Atticus as you haue often times beene in hande with mee to penne some pretie Discourse of Freendshippe I deemed the same matter to be a thing both worthy the knowledge of all men and also the Familiaritie that is betweene vs I haue done it therefore at thy requeste willinglye to the ende I mighte benefite manye But as my Treatyse entituled Cato Maior which is written to thee of Oldage I introduced Cato an aged mā reasoning thereof because I iudged no man fitter to speake of that age then he who had both bene a very long time an oldman and also in that his oldage had flourished aboue others so now also forasmuch as we haue heard of our elders what notable familiarity was betwene C. Laelius and P. Scipio I haue deemed Laelius a very fit person to discourse vpon those points of Freendship which my mayster Scęuola remēbred were discussed by him And certainelye this kinde of talke set out by the Authority of auncient and the same right honourable personages seemeth I know not how to cary with it more countenaunce grauitye And therfore I myselfe readinge mine owne woorkes am sometime in that case that I thincke Cato telleth the tale and not myselfe But as I then beinge olde did write of Oldage to an old man so in this boke as a most faythful frend I haue written to my very frēd cōcerning Frēdship Thē did Cato reason the matter who was the oldest man almoste the wisest in those dayes Now doth Laelius a man both wise for so was he accoumpted and in the noblenesse of frendshippe peerelesse vtter his opinion of Frendship I woulde that for a while you shoulde not thincke vpon me but suppose that Laelius hymselfe speaketh C. Fannius and Q. Mutius come to their father in lawe after the death of Aphricanus They speake firste Laelius maketh answere whose whole discourse is of Frendship which thou thy selfe in reading shalt throughly vnderstand FANNIVS Your words be true Laelius For neither better or nobler hath there benanye then Aphricanus But you must thincke that all men haue east their eyes
instructed great Greece which then florished but now is quight destroyed with their good lessoÌ„s precepts of him that was by Apollo hys Oracle demed the wisest maÌ„ aliue who did not affirme nowe one thinge and now another as manye doe but continued alwayes in one Opinion that mennes soules were deuine and that assone as they be departed out of the body the mindes of euery good and iuste man haue a very ready and spedy passage into heauen Of which opinion also Scipio was who as though he should by inspiration foretell a thing a very few daies before his death when both Philus and Manilius diuers other were present and when you your selfe Scaeuola communed with mee discoursed three whole dayes together of the common wealth the last knitting vp of al which discourse was in a maner concerning the immortalitie of the soule all which hee saide hee hearde in his sleepe by vysion of Aphricanê° If this be true that the Soule of euerye worthy wighte at the time of death doth easely mount into heauen as being deliuered out of that prisoÌ„ Gieues of the bodies whom shall we thinke had an easier passage to God then Scipio Wherefore to bee sorye at this his good hap I feare were rather the part of an enuious then of a frendlye person On the other side if I were doubtful of this that the Soule dyed together with the body that there remayned no feeling either of weale or woe then trulye as in Death ther is no goodnes so neyther is there any euilnes For when Sense feelinge is once gone hee is become as though he had neuer bene borne and yet that hee was borne bothe wee doe reioyce and all this Cittye as longe as it standeth shal be glad Wherfore as I said before hee is verye well and in better case then I am whoÌ„ reason wold that as I came before him into this world so I should haue gone before him out of this life But yet I take such an inward ioye at the remembrance of our Friendshippe that mee thinckes I lyued blessedlye because I lyued with Scipio with whoÌ„ I had a ioynt care of matters both publique priuate with whoÌ„ both in peace warre I toke like part that wherin the whole summe of FreÌ„dshippe consisteth there was betwene vs a most persect agreement of willes desires opinions Therfore this fame of wisdome whithe Fannius ere while rehearsed dothe not so much delight me specially being false as that I hope the memorie of our FreÌ„dship shal be euerlasting the greater hartioye is it to me because in so many huÌ„ndred yeres passed ther caÌ„ be reckened scarcely iii or iiii couples of FreÌ„des in which sorte I see there is hope that the FreÌ„dship of Scipio Laelius shal be renowmed to posterity FAN It caÌ„not chose Laelius but be euen so as you say But because you haue made meÌ„tion of FreÌ„dship wee be also at good leysure you shal do me a singuler pleasure likewise I hope to Scaeuola if accordingly as you are woÌ„t of other matters wheÌ„ they be demauÌ„ded of you you woulde nowe make some prety discourse of FreÌ„dship what you think of it what maner of thing you accouÌ„t it and what good lessons you geue therupon SCAEV Certeinly that haÌ„dling of this matter shal singulerly delite me euen as I was aboute to breake my minde to you touchinge the same Fannius preuented me Wherfore sir you shal excedingly gratifie vs both LAE Certes I would not sticke to do it if I thoughte my selfe wel able For the matter is both excellent and we bee as FaÌ„nius saide at verye good leasure But who am I or what ability is therin me This is the fashion of learned meÌ„ that among the Grekes to haue a matter propounded vnto theÌ„ to reason vpoÌ„ although vpon the sodain It is a great piece of worcke hath nede of no small exercise Wherefore I thincke it beste for you to seeke those pointes which may be disputed of Frendship at their handes which professe these things I can no more but exhort you to preferre Frendship before al worldly matters For nothing is so agreable to nature nothing so fitte either for prosperity or aduersitye But first and formost this do I think that Frendshippe cannot be but in good men Neither do I searche this matter to the quicke as they which ryp vp this geare somwhat more preciselye and althoughe perchaunce truly yet little to common profite For they denye that anye maÌ„ is good sauing him that is wise Admit it be so But they expound wysedome to be such a thing as neuer yet any earthly man attaigned But wee muste hope for those thynges whiche bee in vre and common practise not for those thinges which be feigned or wished for I wil neuer saye that C. Fabritius M. Curius T. CoruÌ„canus whoÌ„ our elders deemed wisemen were wise after these mens rule Wherefore let them kepe to themselues their name of wisdome beinge both liable to muche enuy and also vnaccoumpted of and let them graunt that these were good men But they will neuer so do for they will denye that that can be graunted to anie sauing to him that is wise Let vs therfore goe euen bluntly to worcke and as the Prouerbe is in termes as plain as a packe staffe They that so behaue themselues and so lyue that their faythfulnesse honesty vpright dealinge and liberalitie is allowed and in whom is neyther any couetousnes lust or rash boldnesse who be also men of great constancie as were these whom I erewhile named those as they were accoumpted good men so lette vs thincke them well worthy to be called who do follow nature the best Guyde of wel lyuing so far forth as mannes power can reache For thus much me thinkes I espye that we are so borne to then de there shoulde bee a certaine felowshippe amonge vs all the nearer that euerye one commeth to other the greater should the felowship be Therfore are our own Countrimen better beloued of vs then straungers our kinsfolke dearer to vs then frennefolke For towardes these hath Nature herselfe bred a frendlinesse but in this there is not such durable surenesse For herein doth Frendshippe excel kinred in that kinred may be without goodwill but Frendshippe in no wise can lacke it For take awaye Goodwill and the name of Frendshippe is cleane gone but the name of kinred may still remayne Now of what vertue and strengthe Frendshippe is may hereby namely be vnderstode that of the infinite societies of mankinde whiche Nature herselfe hath knitte together the whole matter is so abridged and brought into such narowe rowme that al perfect Frendship is eyther betwene twain or els betwene a verye fewe For Frendshippe is nothinge elles but a perfecte agreemente with goodwil and hearty loue in al matters both diuine and humaine Then the whiche I knowe not
enterprised Manye and sundrye notable qualities haue I knowen in this man but none is more to be meruayled at then howe bee toke the death of his sonne Marcus a noble Gentleman one that had bene CoÌ„sul We haue extant abrode an Oration of the prayse of that man which when wee read what Philosopher do we not contemne Neyther was hee onely renowmed in the open sight of all men abrode but domestically within his owne dores at home he was more noble What profound talke vsed hee what worthye preceptes what great skil had hee in Antiquity what exact knowledge in the Art of Diuination There was also in him as in a Romane very great learning he perfectly remeÌ„bred that by hart could recoumpt all the Warres aswel Ciuile and Domestical as forreine and externall Whose talke and conference I so desirouslye enioyed as though I had alreadye diuined and ghessed that thing which afterwarde chaunced that he being dead there would be none at whose handes I might learne ought But to what end speake I so much of Maximus Truly because you see that it is an horrible villany to say that suche an Oldeage was wretched or miserable But al men cannot be Scipioes or Maximi to recoumpte what Citties they haue sacked what conflictes they haue had both by Sea and Land what warres they haue atchieued nor what Victorsouse Triumphes they haue solemnized For when a man hath led his former lyfe quietly vprightlye and laudablye his Oldage is mild gentle such as we haue heard that the Oldage of Plato was who in the Lxxxi yeare of his age died as he sate writing And such as was the Oldeage of Isocrates who is reported that he wrate his Booke entituled * Panathenaicus in the ninety fourth yere of his Age and lyued fiue yeres after whose Scholemaister Leontinus Gorgias lyued fullye an hundred and seuen yeares and neuer faynted nor gaue ouer his studye and labour which he had in hande And when it was demaunded of him why hee woulde wishe to lyue so long * I haue sayd hee no cause where by to accuse or mislyke myne Oldeage A notable aunswere and worthy to proceede out of the mouth of a famous and learned man For doltish fooles do laye all their owne faultes and blame vppon Oldeage which thing the Poet Ennius of whom I ere while made mention did not As Horse which at Olympian Games ful oft hath borne the Bell And won the Price in aged yeeres now rests himselfe ful wel Lo this man whom you can very well remember compareth his Oldeage to the Oldeage of a valiaunt Victorious borse For the nynthe yeare after hys Death these twaine T. Flaminius M. Attilius were created CoÌ„suls hee himselfe died wheÌ„ Caepio Philip were the secoÌ„d time Consuls being Lxx. yeres old for so long did Ennius lyue at which time I being lxv yeres old with a loud voice earnest sute was a perswader that the law Voconia might bee enacted Thus he caryed two such burdens as are supposed the greatest that can be to wyt Pouerty and Oldage and that in such sort that hee seemed in a maner to be highly delighted therein For as far as I do remember I finde Four principal causes why Oldage semeth wretched and miserable One is because it impeacheth and hindereth a man from dealing in matters an other is because it enfeebleth and weakeneth the bodye the thirde because it almost taketh away al pleasures the fourth because it is not farre of from death Now let vs if you please see of what force euery one of these causes be how iust the allegation of euery of them is Oldage hindreth and draweth a man backe for soothe from taking a charge or function vpon him from what charge or function I pray you from such as are by lustinesse of youth bodily streÌ„gth acchieued Are there no thinges appertayning to Old meÌ„ which although their bodies be weake feeble yet may by the minde be done and administred Did Q. Fabius I praye you nothing Did L. Paulê° thy father O Scipio father in Law to that worthy maÌ„ my Sonne nothinge and a greate sorte of Oldmen moe The Fabritij the Curii the CoruÌ„cani when they meinteyned and defended the weale publique with their graue counsells and authorities did they nothinge Appius Claudius besides his Oldage was also blinde yet hee when all the Senate was of mynde to encline to a peace league to bee made with Pyrrhus was not afrayde to speake those wordes vnto them which Ennius in his Verses recited Hovv are your mynds vvhich earst vvith vvitt vvere fraught Thus fondly bent to bring all thinges to naught And much more right grauely for the Verses are knowen well ynough And yet Appius his Oration is to be seene which he made leuenteene yeares after his seconde Consulshippe and betwene his two Consulships there were tenne yeres and he had borne the office of CeÌ„sor before his first Consulate Whereby it is well to be perceiued that in the warres which wee had with Pyrrhus hee was a man well striken in yeares yet haue wee so hearde oure fathers reporte Therfore their reasons are nothinge worth which deny that Olde age is occupied in exploiting affaires of great importaunce And they doe much like vnto such as saye that the Pylote or Mayster of a Ship helpeth nothing in Saylyng when as some climbe vp into the Mast coppe some walke vppon the Hatches some clense that Pumpe but he holdinge the Helme sitteth quietlye in the sterne or Puppe and although hee doe not the same things which Youngmen doe yet doeth he farre better greater seruice then they For waightye matters are not done with the strength nimblenes and celerity of body but with counsell authoritie aduise wherof Oldage is woÌ„t not onelye not to bee depriued but rather y better therwith encreased stored Vnlesse peraduenture you thincke that I who haue bene both a Souldier a Tribune a Generall an Ambassadour and a Consul and throughly tryed in diuers brunts of Warres do nowe seeme altogether to loyter because I practise not the warres as I was wont to doe But I do prescribe vnto the Senate what thinges are most expedient to bee done and geeue certeine information to them before hand how warre maye bee made vpon Carthage which hath borne a canckred stomacke a great whyle towardes vs of whom I shal neuer cease to stand in feare vntil I perfectly know it to be vtterly subuerted Which victorious conquest I pray the Gods immortall to reserue for thee O Scipio that thou mayest fully fynishe pursue that which thy Graundfather lefte behinde him vndone Since whose death there are passed 33. yeares but the memoriall of that worthye man God graunt that al posteritye maye embrace and receiue mindfully Hee dyed the yeare before I was CeÌ„sor nyne yeares after my Consulshippe when he had bene
vpon you and that you onely they call repute wise This title was attributed not long ago to M. Cato We knowe that L. Acilius in our forefathers dayes was called wise but eyther of theim in a â—ere maner Acilius because he was taken for a man skilful in the Ciuile Law Cato because he was of great experience beecause manye thinges were reported to bee by him boche in the Senate and also in the place of Pleas and Iudgements eyther wisely foreseene or stoutlie atchieued or wittely aunswered purchased thereby now in his Oldage as it were a Sirname to be called wise But you they call wise after an other sorte not onely by nature maners but also by studie and learning and that not after the coÌ„mon peoples accoumpt but as the learned sorte are wonte to call one wise euen such a one as in all the rest of Greece is not the like For they that narowly rippe vpp these matters doe not recken them in the number of wisemen who are called the Seauen wise sages In deede wee haue hearde of one at Athens such an one as by Apollo his Oracle was adiudged the wisest man in the world This wisdome men thinke to bee in you that you accouÌ„pt al that which is your own to bee ledged win you that you thinke al worldly haps inferiour to vertue And for this cause I beleue they aske me Scaeuola here also after what sort you take Aphricanus deathe the rather because these laste Nones when we came into D. Brutê° Augurs gardein as the vsage is to talke reason of matters you were not therat who were alwaies afore wont to supply that day that charge most diligeÌ„tly SCAE. In dede Laelius many do aske that question as FaÌ„niê° hath already declared But I shape to them this answere that I wel perceiue you did moderatly beare the sorow whiche you coÌ„ceiued for the death of so noble a GentlemaÌ„ so louing a freÌ„d that you could not chose but be somwhat perplexed in mind and that of your natural clemeÌ„cte you could not otherwise doe And as coÌ„cerning your abseÌ„ce froÌ„ our coÌ„pany these Nones I laid for youre excuse that sicknes not sorowe was the cause therof LAE. You say very wel Scaeuola truly For neither ought I for anye losse of mine own to be withdrawen froÌ„ executing that charge which so loÌ„g as I was in health I alwaies performed neyther do I thinke that any such chaunce can happen to a constant man whereby shoulde ensue any intermission of dutie And as for you Fannius who say that the world doth ascribe so much vnto me as I neyther agnize nor require you do therein frendlye But me thinckes you iudge not rightly of Cato for eyther no man which I rather beleeue or if anye were certes he was a wiseman For to passe ouer all other thinges vntouched how tooke he the death of his sonne I remeÌ„ber Paulus and I haue seene Caius But these maye not seeme to bee coÌ„pared to the worthy and noble Cato And therfore beware how you preferre anye before Cato no not him whom Apollo as you say adiudged the wisest for of this man his deedes of that other his sayinges are commended But nowe to aunswere you bothe at once as concerning mine own self thus staÌ„deth the case If I should flatly deny that I am nothing at al greeued for the losse of Scipio howe well I shoulde doe therein let wisemen iudge but truelye I should tell you a stout lye For I am plunged in heauines being bereft of suche a frend as I thinke neuer shal bee the like and as I can well approue neuer hath any bene But I neede no Physicke I comfort my selfe and chieflye with this kinde of comfort that I am not in that error wherwith the more sort of men at the death of their frendes be commonly encombred For I thincke that no manner of hurte is happened vnto Scipio myne is the harme if any be And for a maÌ„ to pine away with sorow for his own losses is not the propertye of one that loueth hys frend but of one rather that loueth himselfe As for him who can deny that he is not in blessed plight and estate For vnlesse hee woulde haue wished to haue lyued heere for euer which thing surely was most farre froÌ„ his meaninge what thing hath hee not obteined that was requisite and lawfull for a man to wishe Who presentlye at his entraunce into mans state farre surmounted with hys singuler vertues that great hope which the citizens had already coÌ„ceiued of him being yet a childe Who neuer sued for the Consulship and yet was twise made Consul first before his time secondely in respect of himselfe in due coÌ„uenieÌ„t time but in respect of the coÌ„mon wealth almost to late Who by subuerting two Citties most bitter deadly enemies to this Empire not only eased vs froÌ„ broiles preseÌ„t but also rid vs froÌ„ warres to come What shal I say of his most curteous manners of his naturall zeale towardes his mother of his liberality towards his sisters of his bouÌ„tie towards his freÌ„ds of his vpright dealing towardes al men These things be wel knoweÌ„ vnto you And howe entierlye beloued hee was of all the Cittye was testified by that moane that was made at his funerals What therefore coulde the hauinge of a few yeres moe haue profited him For oldage although it be not coÌ„bersome as I remeÌ„ber Cato a yere before his death discoursed with me Scipio yet it taketh a way that gallantise wherein Scipio as then was Wherfore his life was such either throughe Fortune or glory that nothing could be theruÌ„to added more And his quicke departure quight toke away al paine or sense of Death of which kind of dying it is an hard point to determin any certeinty What men do iudge you know NotwithstaÌ„ding this may I safe lye say that among al the famous ioyful dayes whiche P. Scipio in his life time saw that day of al other was the noblest wheÌ„ as anone aâ—ter the breaking vp of the Senate the day before he departed this life he was honorably brought home in the euening by the Lords of the couÌ„sel by that League frends of the Romaines by that Latines so that froÌ„ so honorable a steppe of dignitie he seemed rather to haue mouÌ„ted vp to heauen theÌ„ to haue gone down to hel For I caÌ„not in anye wise agree with theÌ„ in opinioÌ„ which of late brought thes matters into questioÌ„ that the soules died with the bodies that death played swoope-stake of al together I make more accouÌ„t then so of the aucthority of auÌ„cient persons in thold time of our Elders whiche appointed such reuerent lawes for the â—ead which thing doubtles they would not haue done if they had thought that nothing had concerned theÌ„ of theÌ„ which dwelled in this land
the slip namely when they practise any great matter to the hurt of the coÌ„mon wealth And vnto the euil disposed persoÌ„s must a punishmeÌ„t be deuised no lesse for theÌ„ that partake with others theÌ„ for those that bee the verye Ringleaders Capitaines of mischiefe themselues What Noble man was there in all Greece more renowmed theÌ„ Themistocles Who was of greater power then he who bring Generall in the warres againste the Persians deliuered Greece from Bondage and being afterwarde through enuy banished could not digest and suffer that Iniurye of his vnkinde Country whiche his parte was to haue suffered He playd that like part as Coriolanê° did xx yeres before with vs There was not one maÌ„fouÌ„d that would aid theÌ„ against their couÌ„try therfore both of theÌ„ killed theÌ„selues Wherefore such coÌ„spiracy of naughty persoÌ„s is not only not to be cloked with any preteÌ„ce of FreÌ„dship but is rather with al extremitie to be punished that no maÌ„ may think it lawful to coÌ„sent to his freÌ„d that warreth against his CouÌ„try which thing as that world now beginneth to goe I know not whether it will one day come to passe or no. Verely I haue no lesse care in what state the Common wealthe shal be after my deathe then I haue of the case it standeth in at this present day LET this therfore bee enacted as the firste law of Frendship that wee request at our frendes handes those thinges that be honest and that wee doe for our freendes sakes al thinges that bee reasonnable and that wee do not pinch curtesye in stayinge till wee bee requessted but let vs euer haue an earnest good will to pleasure them let all delayes be set aparte and let vs bee glad in deede freelye to geeue our freende good counsell Let the Aucthoritie of Freendes geuing souÌ„d counsel beare great sway and force in Frendship and let the same be vsed to warne one another not onely plainly but if occasion so serue sharplye and let suche aucthoritie so geeuen be throughly obeyed As for those good felowes whom as I heare say were accouÌ„ted ioly wisemeÌ„ in Greece I thinke they delited in some vncouth wonders But there is nothing wherupoÌ„ they doe not deskant with their quiddities as partlye that wee should eschew Frendshippe with too manye least one man shoulde be driuen to be careful formanye that euerye man shoulde haue fully ynoughe to doe to care for his owne matters that it is a great trouble to be ouermuch encoÌ„bred with other mens dealings that it is a iolye matter to haue that Reynes of Frendship at wil eyther to plucke sâ—reit when a man is disposed or to let goe at large at his own pleasure And that the principallest point of happy life is Quietnesse which the mynde cannot enioye if one should beare al that burden and as it were trauaile with childe for many Another sort they say there be whiche holde a more beastlye opinion then these aboue as I brieflye noted a little before affirming that Frendship ought to bee desired for a stay and a helpe to be had thereby not for any goodwil or hartie loue Therefore by this reckening as euerye one hath of himselfe smallest staye abilitye so should he moste seeke for Frendeshippe And by this meanes it happeneth that seelye women seeke the aide of Frendship more then men and the needye more then the wealthye and the miserablie distressed more then they that be accoumpted fortunate Oh passinge braue wisedome For they seme to take the SuÌ„ne out of the world whiche would take Freendshippe from among vs then the which we haue nothinge eyther better or pleasaunter by the immortall Gods geuen vnto vs. For what maner of Quietnes is this forsooth to see to very pleasaunt but in deede in many respectes to be reiected For it standeth not with reason eyther not to take in hande or beinge taken in hande to leaue of any honest cause or deede because thou wouldest not bee troubled But if wee refuse care wee must then refuse Vertue which must of necessitye with some care despise and hate those things that be contrary to it as for example Goodnes must hate Euilnesse Temperaunce Ryotte Fortitude Cowardise Therefore a man maye see the iust greatlye greeued at matters vniuste the stout at the weake the modest liuers with pranckes vngracious This therefore is the propertie of a well stayed mynde to reioyce at good things to be sory for the contrary Wherfore if griefe of mynde be incideÌ„t to a WisemaÌ„ as in very deede it is excepte wee thincke that humanitie bee cleane dislodged out of his minde what cause is there why wee should vtterlye take away Frendshippe from the life of man because we would take no paines or troubles about it For take awaye the motions of the minde and tell me what difference there is I will not saye beetweene a Beast and a man but euen betweene a man and a Stone or a Log or any other such like thing Neyther are they to be geeuen eare vnto whiche holde opinion that Vertue is hard as it were pronlike which surelye is in many things els but especially in Frendship tender tractable in so much that at the weale of his frend it spreadeth itselfe abroade and at his mishaps shrinketh in again Wherfore this same trouble which must oftentimes be abyden for our frends is not of such force that it should quight take away Frendshippe froÌ„ amonge men no more then Vertue ought to be reiected because it bringeth sundrye cares and greuaunces Seeing therefore that Vertue causeth Freendship as I afore haue declared if any token or significatioÌ„ of vertue appeareth wheruÌ„to a mind seÌ„vlably disposed may apply ioyne itselfe where this thing hapneth ther say I nedes must FreÌ„dship grow For what is so absurd as to bee delyted with manye vayne things as Honor. Glorye Houses Apparell brauerye and deckinge of the bodye and not to be exceedinglye delighted with a Mynde endued with Vertue suche a one as eyther can loue or as I may saye afoord loue for loue againe For there is nothinge more delectable then is the requitall of good will nothing more pleasaunt then is the mutual entrecourse of Freendlinesse and curtesies And if we adde this vnto it whiche maye verye will bée added that there is nothinge whiche so greatly allureth draweth anye thinge vnto it as the likenesse of Conditions doth vnto Freendshippe then surelye must this bee needes graunted true that goodmeÌ„ do loue them which he good haunt together in company as meÌ„ neere ly ioyned together by kinred nature For nothing is more desirous nothiÌ„g is more eager rauenous of his lyke then Nature Wherfore this in my iudgement is a plaine case Fannius and Scaeuola that it cannot choose but there must needes be amonge good men one towardes an other a freendly and hartie well meaninge
when I heard say that Socrates had likewise done in musical Instrumentes I was verily willinge to haue done therein semblably for men in the old tyme learned to play vpon Instruments but in Learning doubtlesse I tooke verye great paynes and Dylygence NEither doe I now anye whyt more desire or longe to haue the lustines streÌ„gth of a youÌ„g maÌ„ for this was that second point of the discoÌ„modities beloÌ„ging to Oldage then I did beinge a younge man desire or long to haue the strength of a Bull or of an Olyphant For that thing which naturallye is engraffed in man it is conuenient and meete for him to vse what soeuer he taketh in hand to goe through stitche with it to doe it effectuouslye For what more contemptible worde can there be then that of Milo Crotoniata who beeinge now olde and seeinge certeine Champions Wrestlers tryinge themselues in the place or fielde of Exercise is reported that hee looked vpon his owne Armes and spake these wordes weeping Ah las these Armes of mine are now deade Ah thou pratling Foole thy armes are not so much dead as thou art thy selfe for thou neuer gottest any renowne of thy selfe but by thy stronge Sydes and brawny Armes Sext. AElius neuer played the lyke part nor manye yeares after that T. Coruncanus yea of late dayes P. Crassus neuer shewed the like prancke by which men Lawes were prescribed to the Citizens and whose Prudence continued with theym euen till the last gaspe of their lyfe But I feare least an Orator or Pleader drowpe and faynte in Oldage For why to his Function is requisite not onlye wytte but durablenesse also and strength Assuredly this same shrilnesse of voyce doth gallantlye shyne and appeare I know not how euen in Oldeage whych I my selfe haue not yet lost and yet you see my boarye haires But yet not withstanding a quiet and mylde Speach is comelye in an Oldman and the very neate and calme talke of an eloquent Sage doth oftentimes of itselfe cause Audience and eare to bee geeuen vnto it Which thing if a man caÌ„not throughlye doe himselfe yet maye hee instructe and direct Scipio and Laeliê° For what thing is pleasaunter then Oldage guarded with the zealous affections of youÌ„g men Shall wee not leaue vnto Oldage such strength and power as to teach and instruct Youngmen and to trayne them to knowe euerye part of their Duties Then which office what can bee more excellent Verelye me thought that C. and P. Scipio and thy two Graundfathers L. Aemilius and P. Aphricanus were happye and Fortunate throughe the attendaunce and company of young Gentlemen All Maisters of Liberall Artes are also to bee accoumpted happy although their strength be decayed and gone albeit this same decay and fayling of the strength is oftener caused throughe the defaultes of Adolescency then of Oldeage For libidinous dissolute Adolescencie bringeth vnto Oldeage a bodye feeble and impotent Cyrus in that talke which hee had vpon his death Bed being a very Did maÌ„ as Xenophon wryteth denieth that euer he perceiued or felt his Oldage any whytte weaker then his Adolescencye was I my selfe beeinge a Boy remember that L. Metellus who was made hyghe Byshoppe foure yeres after his seconde Consulship and executed that rowme of Priesthoode xxii yeares was of such perfect strength in the very latter end of his Age that he neuer wished for his Adolescencye agayne I neede not to speake anye thing of my selfe albeit it is an Oldmans part so to do allowed vnto vs by the priuiledge of our Age. Do ye not see howe often Nestor in Homer maketh vaunt of his owne vertues For he had now lyued three mens Ages and therfore needed not to feare least in telling of himselfe that whych was true he shoulde eyther seeme too arrogant or too talkatiue For there flowed from his tongue as Homer saith wordes and reasons sweeter then hony vnto which sweetenesse hee needed not anye bodily strength and yet that renowmed * General of Greece neuer wished to haue tenne persons lyke Aiax but hee manye times wished to haue tenne suche as Nestor Whiche if it mighte so happeÌ„ he doubted not but Troy should in short time be ruinated But now I returne to my selfe I am now going on the Lxxxiiii yere of myne Age and glad would I be if I might glorye and vaunte of that thinge which Cyrus did but yet this can I say that in deede I haue not that strength which I had at the * Punique warres or when I was Lieutenant in the same Warres or when I was Consull in Spayne or as I had iiii yeares after when as I beeing Tribune or Marshall of the field fought a Battaile at* ThermopylÄ™ in the tyme that M. Attilius and C. Labeo were Consulls And yet as you see Oldage hath not altogether soaked awaye my strength nor weakened mee the Senate house findeth no lacke of it in mee the Iudicial place of Pleas misseth it not my Friendes Clientes Straungers see no such want in mee Neyther did I euer assent vnto that olde and much praysed Prouerbe which wisheth a man to beginne to be Olde quickly if he desire to be Old long But I truelye had leyfer not to bee an Old man long then to be an Oldman before I were old in deede And therfore there neuer yet came anye man to talke wyth mee but I was occupied But in deede I haue not so much Strength as eyther of you twain hath And agayne neyther of you haue the Strength of T. Pontius the Centurion What then is hee therefore better then you Let there onelye bee a measurable moderation of Strength and let euerie man attempt so much as hee is able to compasse and then I warrant him hee shall not feele himselfe greatly aggreeued for the lacke of his strength It is sayde that Milo at the famous Games of Olympia caried an Oxe alyue vppon his shoulders the space of a furlong Now therfore whether haddest thou leyfer haue the Bodilye strength of this Milo or the notable fine wit and knowledge that was in Pythagoras To bee short vse take well in worth this gift of Bodily strength whyle it lasteth and when it is gone seeke not after it to haue it agayne vnlesse peraduenture you wil say that young Striplinges should desire to bee in their swathing bandes and Childhood againe or being somwhat further stepped in yeres should wish to bee in their Adolescencye againe The course of Age is certaine and that waye of Nature is one and the same simple and to euery parte of Age is his due tempestiuitie appointed For euen as weakenesse is naturally in young ChildreÌ„ wyeldenes in YongmeÌ„ and Grauitie in full consistent age so is there naturallye in Oldage a certeine Rypenesse which ought to bee taken in his due tyme and season I thinke Scipio that you heare what youre Hoste Masinissa doth
deale better thereof iudged Let no man at my death lament Nor weepe when I am laid in Graue For why in lyfe aye permanent I sure am lastinge Fame to haue Such death in his opinion is not to be lamented and bewayled which is exchaunged for Immortality Now as touchinge the Griefe or Agonies of dying if there be any certes they endure but for a small space especiallye in an Oldman and after Death the same Sense is eyther such as is blessed and optable or els is it none at all But Adolescencie ought to enure itselfe in this Meditation still to dispise Death without which Meditation no man can haue a quiet mynde For surely dye we muste and vncertaine are wee whether euen this verye present daye Therfore who is hee which euery hower standing in feare of Death can haue his mynde in any reste and tranquillitye whereof there needeth no very long discourse to be sith I well remember not onelye L. Brutus who in the quarell of his Country was slayne the two Decij who gallopinge their horses voluntarily gaue themselues to Death M. Regulus who willingly went and yelded himselfe to punishment because hee woulde not forswere himselfe but keepe touch promise euen with his very Enemies the two Scipioes which stopped the passage and way of the * Carthaginians euen with their owne bodyes thy Graūdfather L. Paulus who through the rashnesse of his * Copertner and fellowe in Office was in that ignominious dishonorable ouerthrow at Cannas slayne and manquelled M. Marcellus whose dead Corps his most cruell * Enemye suffered not to lacke honorable interrement but also how oure Legions and common Souldiers haue couragiously and stoutlye aduentured manye tymes into such places whence they neuer thought againe to returne alyue as in my Boke of Originalles I haue declared Shall therfore Oldmen whych hee learned and skilfull feare that thing whych young Striplinges and the fame not onelye vnlearned but rude and rusticall also do contemne and sette at naughte But a sacietie of all thinges in mine opinion causeth a sacietie of lyfe There be some delightes peculier to Childhood Shal tall Striplinges Youngmen addict themselues thereunto semblablye There bee also some appropriat vnto youthful Adolescency Shall rype and consistent Age whyche is tearmed the Middle Age of man desire the same And there bee of this same middle Age some Studies which Oldage careth not for And there bee some last of all peculier to Oldage Therfore as the delightes of these former Ages do decay and come to an end so do these of Oldage dye and vanish awaye also Which when it happeneth then doth sacietye of lyfe bringe a rype and conuenable tyme to dye For trulye I see no cause to the contrarye but that I dare bee bolde to declare vnto you al that I thincke iudge of Death namely for that I seeme the deeper to see into it because I now approach drawe somwhat neere vnto it And verelye OP Scipio C. Laelie I do beleeue that your noble Fathers which were Gentlemen both right honourable and my most deare Frendes are yet still alyue and doe lyue such a lyfe as in deede is alone to be accoūpted Lyfe For so long as wee are enclosed with in the Prison or frame of our bodyes we must needes discharge some actions euē of necessitie and are dryuen to doe some such Functiōs as are vnauoydable For the mynd or Soule being heauenly and inspired into Mā from aboue is depressed as it were forcibly throwen down to the Earth being a place to Diuine nature Eternitie quight contrary But I thincke that the Immortall Goddes inspired Myndes into Humane Bodies to the ende there should bee some to inhabite the Earth who beholdynge the Order of the Bodyes Celestial should imitate the same in the course of their lyues and in Constancy And not onely reason and disputatiō enforceth me so to beleeue but the noblenesse also and Authoritye of renowmed Philosophers For I haue beene in place where I haue heard that Pythagoras and his Scholers the Pythagorians being dwellers here almost endenizoned among vs for they were once termed Italiā Philosophers neuer made any doubt in the matter but that we had our myndes or Soules tipped and deriued from the very vniuersall diuinitye of God. There were moreouer shewed vnto mee those pointes which Socrates euen hee which by the Oracle of Apollo was adiudged the Wisest man in the worlde disputed and spake the last day of his lyfe concerning the Immortalirye of the Soule What needeth many wordes I am thus perswaded and thus do I thinke sith there is so greate celeritye of mens Myndes so good remēbrance of things passed so great insighte and forecaste of thinges to come so many Artes so manye Sciences and so many inuentions that the Nature which vnderstandeth conteyneth the knowledge of al these thinges cannot bee mortall And sith the mynde is euer mouinge and hath no beginninge of motion because it moueth itselfe so shall it neuer haue anye ende of motion because it shall neuer leaue nor depart from itselfe And sith the Nature of the mynd is simple and hath nothinge annexed wyth it whiche is vnlike or discrepante from itselfe that therefore it is indiuisible forsomuche as it is indiuisible therefore can it neuer dye And that this serueth for a greate Argument to proue that men know sundry thinges before they be borne because young Children learning hard Artes do so quickly conceiue and apprehend the knowledge of innumerable thinges in such sorte that they seeme not then first to learne them but to renew them fresh againe into memory Al these in a manner bee Plato hys reasons In Xenophō also we read that Cyrus the Elder lyinge on his death Bedde spake these woordes Do not thincke my deare chyldren that when I am gone frō you I shal be no where or broughte to nothing For in all the whyle that I haue beene with you you did neuer see my Mynd but yet by those noble Acts which I haue atchieued you did well ynough vnderstand that in this Bodye of myne there was a Mynde Beleeue therefore that I haue the selfe same Minde stil although visiblie with youre eyes you see it not Neither would the honourable memorialles of noble Personages remayne after their Deathes if their worthy mynds should atchieue no such notable enterprise for the which we should the lōger celebrate the memorye of theym when they bee dead and gone Trulye it woulde neuer sinke in my brayn that mens Mindes or Soules only lyued whyle they remayned in mortall Bodies and that beinge departed oute of them they vtterly dyed Neither that the mynde is Doltish and foolish when it is set at libertye and departed out of a foolishe Bodye but when it beinge clerely rid from all admixtion of the Bodye beginneth once to bee pure sound then is it wise
haue anye care or mynde vpon the greedie and insaciable desire of Gold and Syluer which tended only to auarice or vpon pleasures leruing onely to concent the phantasie or vppon newe fangled trickes of household stuffe being instruments of nycenes or vpon sumptuous fare and bellie cheare being the ministers occasions of voluptuousnes Set before your eyes euery one of the Kings wil you that I shall beginne with Romulus Or els with those valiauÌ„t GeÌ„tlemen which deliuered our City from miserable thraldome and slauery By what degrees I pray you did Romulus ascend into heauen become Deified by such vayne Pleasures as these grosse Beetleheades call Good or els by hys valiaunt actes and worthy Vertues What say wee to Numa Pompilius doe wee not thincke that the Goddes were aswell pleased with his homely * Cruses and earthen Pitchers as with the rich Goblets delicate Cuppes of others I omit the rest for they were al egal one with an other excepte Tarquinius Superbus But if a man should aske Brutus what hee did or whereabout he went wheÌ„ he restored his Countrye to libertie if a man should aske the rest of his Felowes and CoÌ„federates what marke they shot at and whereunto they had respect in thenterprising therof can it be thought that anye of theÌ„ did it for Pleasure sake or for Ryches or for any other purpose otherwise theÌ„ became men of approued Fortitude Magnanimitie What thing animated Quintê° Mutius to hazard his lyfe without al hope euer to escape in geeuinge the attempt to haue slayne King Porsenna What valiaunce caused Horatius Cocles alone to defend the Bridge against all the armed rout of his Enemies What inuincible Courage made Deciê° the father Decius the Sonne voluÌ„tarily to bow obiect theÌ„selues to death by preasing into the middle of their enemies hostes What pretended the coÌ„tineÌ„cy of C. Fabritiê° What ment the homlye fare slender theere of M. Curiê° What say we to our ii sure inuincible Buttresses at the Carthaginian warres C. P. Scipio who sticked not euen w their own bodies to stop the passage of the armie that came to ayde succour the Carthaginians What sought the younger Aphricanus what desired the Elder What coueted Cato who lyued betwen these two mens times and innumerable others For wee haue store ynough of Domesticall examples Doe wee thincke that anye of these were euer in that opinion to desire or seeke for anye thing in their lyfe but onlye that which they supposed deemed to bee good vertuous and laudable Therfore let all such as mocke deryde this opinion step foorth and shewe theyr faces let them euen themselues iudge whether they had leifer be lyke to some of these ryche fatte Chuffes which haue store of gorgeous houses Buildinges garnished with the finest Marble stones burnished and beset with Yuorye and Golde beautified and adorned with Pictures Cables Plentie of Gold and siluer Plate curiously chased and engrauen and other precious artificiall Corynthian worckes or ells bee like to C. Fabritius who neuer had neither would euer haue any of al these And these men commonlye are perswaded to confesse that these vncertain Goods which are posted and turmoyled ouer from one man to an other are not worthye to bee reckened amonge those thinges that are Good. But yet this poincte they doe stiflye maintein and earnestly defend that Pleasure is the greatest Goodnes chiefest Felicitie Which saying in mine opinioÌ„ seemeth rather to proceede oute of the mouthes of brute Beasts then of Men Wilt thou therfore so much abase cast away thy selfe seeing that God or Nature being the common Mother of all thinges hath geuen to the a Mynd then which there is nothinge more excellente and diuine that thou shouldest thincke no difference to bee betweene thee and a dumbe Beast Is any thing Good that doth not make him that possesseth it to bee better For as cuerye man is most endued and garnished with Vertue so is hee worthye of most prayse And there is no good thing but hee that is therewith decorated maye honestly reioyse glorye in himselfe for it But is any of all these in Pleasure Doth it make a man eyther better or more praisable Is there any so shamelesse to extoll his owne lewdnesse or to attribute any honest praise to himselfe for ensuinge Voluptuousnes Sensuall Pleasure Seeing therfore that Pleasure in defence wherof very manye doe stifly stand is not to bee accoumpted among Good things but rather that more that it is vsed the more it doth alienate remoue the Mynd froÌ„ the state wherin it was before certes to lyue wel and happily is nothing els but to lyue vprightly and honestly The Seconde Paradoxe declaring that in whomsoeuer Vertue is in him there lacketh nothing els to the leading of an happy lyfe NEyther did I euer think Marcus Regulus to bee miserable vnhappy or wretched For his Magnanimitie and bautye Courage was not tormented of the Carthaginians neyther his Grauitie neither his Faythfulnesse neyther hys constaÌ„cie neither any of his noble Vertues neither finallye could his worthye Mynde which was garded and fortified with a garrison of so many Vertues on euerye side enuironed and accompanied with such singuler qualities be vaÌ„quished or made Captiue although his Bodye was taken Prisoner As touching C. Marius wee sawe in him such a rare paterne of noble Patience that when hee was afâ—ote in hys highest Prosperitie he seemed vnto me one of the happiest and fortunatest men in the world in aduersity one of the noblest and stoutest hearted men that euer was theÌ„ which there can nothing happen vnto a mortall Man more Blessed or Fortunate Thou little knowest thou foolish and brainsick man thou litle knowest I say what great power and efficacie Vertue hath thou doest onlye vsurpe the bare name of Vertue but thou knowest not the excellencie force of Vertue That man cannot bee but moste happye whose Mynde is wholye setled and accustomed to Vertue and which putteth and reposeth all thinges in himselfe alone But he that putteth all his hope coÌ„sidence reason and cogitation in fickle Fortune and altogether dependeth vpon vncertaine hazarde can haue no certaintie of any thing neither can hee assure himselfe that hee shall haue the fruition of any thing not so much as that space of one daye Terrifie and affray such a one if thou canst catch any such in thy daunger with thy threateninge menaces eyther of Death or ells of Banishment but for my part what chaunce soeuer betydeth mee in so churlish and ingrate Citye I am fully resolued patiently to suffer it and not to refuse it much lesse not to repugne or resist it For to what Ende haue I employed all my trauaile to what effecte are all my deedes or for what purpose serue al my former cares and studious cogitations if I
then the speaches of others Seuen sages of Greece Socrates onely adiudged vvise The true rycheste are the giftes of he minde ConstaÌ„cy Cato a vviseman Death of freendes greeuous To be ouer sorovvful for the death of them that dye vvell is to repyne at their vvelfare better state When he vvas but 22. yeares of age Carthage and Numantia Oldage Scipio brought home froÌ„ the Senat house honorablye Immortality of the soule Immortality of the soule What frendship is There haue not ben found aboue thre or fovver couples of perfect frends in manye hundred yeres space FreÌ„dship to be estemed more then all vvorldlye thinges FreÌ„dship onelye amonge good meÌ„ Nature the beste guide to frame our lyues by Order of FreÌ„dship What frendship is FreÌ„dshyp the beste thig next vnto vvisedome FreÌ„dshyp cannot be vvhere vertue is not â—Coâ—â—â—ditiâ—◠〈◊〉 FreÌ„dâ—â—â—â—â—â— FreÌ„dship no lesse necessarye then the Elements A true faythfull frend is as mannes ovvnse Withoute FreÌ„dshyp al things goe to hauocke and decaye Empedocles affirmed that the vvorlde and al thinges consisted of Frendeship Pylades Orestes vvherefore Freendes be sought for Loue. FreÌ„dshyp natural Vertue Pyrrhus Hannibal Loue confirmed by Benefites Base peda grevv of FreÌ„dship Scipio Laelius ij perfecte frendes Good turnes plesures laid out to vsurye FreÌ„dshyp must not be desired for profit Nature caÌ„not bee chaunged ne yet Frendship Continuance of FreÌ„dship Children in Freendshipp and loâ—e nevv fangled Couetousnes a great plague to FreÌ„dship Hovv far the bouÌ„ds of frendeshyp stretche CoÌ„motioÌ„ of Coriolanus A manne must not for his fredes sake do anye thing that is eyther vnlavvful or vnhonest Capitol Blosius desperate aunsvver Such aâ— vnexcusable as do attempte any thing vnlavvful to pleasure their frendes Requesâ—â—â— of frendâ— to frend As greate an offeÌ„ce to graunt an vnlavv full sute as to requeste it An vnhonest request must be denied There is not suche iuste dealinges among meÌ„ novv a dayes as was in the olde timâ— By these tvvo lavves made by Gabimus and Cassius the goods of certein good Citizens vvere vvholy forfeited proclamation made that they theÌ„ selues vvhere euer they vver fouÌ„d mighte lavvfully be slaine and a revvard a pointed for the sleiar If our freÌ„des conspyre against the coÌ„mon vvealthe vve ought to forsake them We oughte not to seeke the spoyle of oure countrye for anye iniury to vs done Coriolanus A noble and moste worthye care Lavvfull requestes graunts of frends one to an other Frendes maye not flatter but freelye boldlye aduertise counsel one an other Epicures FreÌ„dship is as the shininge Sun in the vvorlde We muste euer bee doinge of good Propertie of a vvell staid mind A man void of al affectioÌ„s is like a logg or a stone A preposterous absurde delight Enterchaungeable requitall of curtesies Likenes of manners and delights causethe FreÌ„dship Nature One vertuous maÌ„ loueth an other Vertue disdaigneth no man. Goodvvill of a Freende is more to be respected then the gaine that may be gotten by him A frend is best knovven in time of necessity True freÌ„dship sekes not after gaine Al vvorldly treasure vvithout a freÌ„d is to no purpose A TyrauÌ„ts lyfe We caÌ„not loue them of vvhom vve stand in feare Aduersitie tryeth Freends Riches blindeth men Fortune Frendes the beste treasure Bounds of Frendship Three opinions of Frendshippe 1 2 3 We caÌ„not do to mutch in freÌ„dshyp Comfort cheering of Frendes A saying repugnaÌ„t to frendshyp Among honeste frendes al thinges should be coÌ„moÌ„ Novv and then vvee must not sticke to step a little aside to saue our frendes life or credite Goodvvil of the people Tryal of Frendes Money Money novv a dayes more set by theÌ„ FreÌ„dship True freÌ„dship hard to befouÌ„d amonge great meÌ„ Men are loath to take parte vvith their freende in trouble A faithful frende in vveale and vvoe Choise of a frende A ruÌ„ning head A frend must neyther be a tale bearer nor a tale credirer Good meÌ„ Dissimulation An open enemie better theÌ„ a dissemblinge frende Suspicion Pleasaunt talke Curteous maners SulleÌ„nes Whether nevv or olde frendes be better Prouerbe Nevv acquaintance Old Familiaritye Custome A chiefe point in freÌ„dshipp ReuereÌ„ce to our elder A notable lesson Loue tovvards parentes Inferiors muste not repine at their superiors Vpbrayding of pleasures We ought to remember a good turne A man caÌ„not aduaunce al his freÌ„ds Respect in preferment of freendes FreÌ„dshyp to be iudged at ful grovven age Playfellovves compaignions in youth Nurses Tutors Vnlike maners dissolueth FreÌ„dship Wee must not be too fond ouer our frends againste their profite Fond loue 〈…〉 Requests must bee vvarely vvaighed Vulgare FreÌ„dshyp Hovv and vvheÌ„ vve must geue a frend ouer Warines to be vsed A dishonest part Hovv clenly Scipio shifted himselfe from the Frendship of ij that had bene hys freends A good caueat to be remembred Who bee vvorthy to be loued All excellent thinges are rare The commoÌ„ guise of the vvorlde novv a dayes Who is a frende A peruers reckening A freende must bee a good man No vnlavvfull request must bee made to our frends Reuerent avve or modest bashfulnes in freÌ„dshyppe FreÌ„dshyp an aide to vertue The right felovvship Happy lyfe A vvyse sententious couÌ„sel Al men generally agree that FreÌ„dshyp is moste profitable Vertue despised Ryches Promotion FreÌ„dship generally praysed Euery seuerall mannes lyfe requireth frendship Tymon a hater of al companie All pleasure and plentye vvithout companie vnpleasaÌ„t Solttarines Architas Tarentinê° Nature loueth no solitarines Wee must frendlye admonish and chide our frend Flattrye getteth frendes Truth Flattrye is to bee eschued Truth must bee heard A vvise saying of Cato An absur de reckening Propertie of true Frèdshyp Flatterye the greatest plage in Frendeshyp Dissimulation In Eunucho Gnato Hurtfull flatterye Papyrius Pithy Oration of Scipio 〈…〉 They most â—oue flattry vvhich be flatterers of themselues Vertue Manye vvoulde rather seeme honest then be honest in deede Men that set by theÌ„selues are easy to beleeue flatterers Thraso Gnato Flatterye of a litle maketh a great deal Conclusion of this matter Vertue Amor Amicitia ab Aman do To loue vvhat it is Lyke delighteth vvith like The fame of a vvorthy man neuer dyeth A true frend is the surest possession Effects of FreÌ„dships Ennius Because he vvas called Atticus For the Ciuile discension For Cato by interpretacion signifieth a vvittye man To resiste againste Nature is to keepe vvarre against the Gods. Like to like Themistocles Fittest vvepons for Oldage * By this Lavv professors of Rhetorik and pleaders of lavve might take no monie for their labor but do it of a certeâ— noblâ—â—es of minde Ennius A taunt pretelye rebouÌ„ded backe again Novv called Marca Anconitana Gallia Cisalpina novv LuÌ„bardy Prayse of Fabius Plato dyed as hee sate vvryting Which coÌ„teyned the prayses of Minerua her feastes at Athens vvherein all learned men shevved forth their Cunning A vvorthy aunsvver Ennius * By this lavv a maÌ„ hauing no Children but daughters
in the vvorld called also Taurus A ryuer in India viij miles ouer in the narrovvest place xx in the brodeest an 100. foote diepe in the shalovvest place Worldlye fame renovvne glorye is but vanytye and to no purpose A ful and complete yere after Plato The diepe consideration of heauen heauenly ioyes easelye dravveth a godlye man from the loue of this vvorlde True honor muste be gotten by vertue onelye Honor is a spirite to noble mindes A man is his Mynd The mind ruleth and directeth the bodye Best cares that aman can nexte after God employe his minde vnto Voluptuous liuers The Table A ACcusation 29. Acquaintaunce nevv and olde 30. Adolescencie 47. 55. 59. 61. 62. 63. 69. 75. 77 80 81. 82. 83. 84. Adulterye 65. 101. Affection 102. must be brydeled 104. 113. 116. Agamemnon 60. Age. 61 Agreement 42. Al thinges returne to that vvhereof they had their first beginning 87. Ambition a greate plague to perfect Frendshyppe 26. 113. Anger 109. Antipodes 129. Antonius 109. 114. Apollo 3. 85. Apparell 119. Appius Claudius beinge old and blinde had a noble courage 53. A perfect paterne of a noble Gentleman and vvorthye householder 63. Archytas Tarentinus 37. 64. Argantonius liued 120 yeares 81. Astronomie 70. Athenians 68. Atticus vvhy so named 45. Auncientnes in familiaritie 30. Augur 78. Aucthority the chiefest ornament of Oldage 77. 79. 119. B BAnishement 99. dreadefull and terrible to vvhom 100. Banished man vvho 108. Banquetting moderately vsed cōmendable 67 Baibilles 112. Baudrie 103. Benefites confirme loue and Frendshippe 14 Best dvvelling for Oldage 78. Bias one of the vij vvise Sages 26. 96. Blosius his desperate aunsvvere 17. Bodye the prison or gaole of the Soule 85. 124 the vvardhouse of the soule 125. Bona Dea her temple 108. Bondslaue to Vices 109. Bondslaue vvho 110 111. 112. Bondage vvhat it is properlye ibid. Boundes of Frendship 17. 25. Briberye 73 117. Brutus 87. 96. Budde 72. Buildinges sumptuous 95. 111. C Coecilius 62. Care of ech noble and vvorthye man. 20. after a sort incident to Vertue 21. 22. Care rather to lyue vvel then long 81. Carinae a streate or Rovve of houses in Rome 120. Carthage conquered by Scipio 54. 122. Catadupa 128. Cattall 96. Cato Called vvyse vvhy 34. 47. his vvise sayinge 38. learned the Greeke tongue in his old age 46. 57. 63. his sundrye Offices and seruice in the common vvealth 54. 64. a perfect Stoicke 91. 97. Caucasus 129. Cethegus 113. Chaffe 101. Children in frendship nevv fangled fickle 16. Choyse of frendes 26. 27. 28. 36. Chydinge 34. 38. vvhen and hovv to be vsed ibid. 39. 42. Circles of the coelestiall motions 125. Citye 105. 106. 107. 124. Citizen 105. 107. Clavvbackes and dissēbling frendes vvorse thē playne enemies 38. hovv they may be knovven and discerned 39. Cleanthes 56. Cleopatra 110. Clovvnish life vvithout frendes yrkesome and vnpleasaunt 25. Coffers stuffed vvith mony maketh not the rich man but a contented Mynde 116. Comforting cheering of distressed frendes 26 Cōmon vvealthes vpholden by graue oldmen vveakened by yong youthful officers 55. 80. Cōmunitie of al things among frendes 27. Comparison 79. 82. Conscience 100. Conscience of vertuous Lyfe comfortable 49. Consenting to the request of frends against the vveale of our country vnlavvful 20. Conspiracy against the cōmon vvealth vvith al extremitie to be punished 20. vvhence it procedeth 64. Constancie 4. 28. 29. 42. 85. 99. 102. 106. Contented life rych 115. 120. Contention 16. Continuance of frendship ibid. Coriolanus moued vvith the vnkindenes of his Countrye vvarred against it and last of al killed himselfe 17. 20. Cornelius Gallus an Auncient excellente Astronomer 70. Corynthian vvorkes 97. 111. 112. Coruncanus 8. 18. 53. 58. 66. Courage 98. Couetousnesse a plague to Frendship 16. in old men 79. euer needy and neuer satisfied 96. 120. in the old time abhorred 96. 110. Counsaylours graue vvyse the stayes of common vvealthes 53. Crassus 114. vvhom he accoumpted rich 116. his shiftes to get monye 117. Currours 74. Curteous maners 29. Custome 30. Custome of such strict and vertuous lyfe as vvas in the old time novv cleane gone 19. Custome of the Pythagoreans to debate call into remembraunce euery Eueninge al thinges sayd done or heard the day before 63. Cybele Lady great Mother of the Gods. 67. Cyneas 66. Cyrus 75. a prince vertuous and fortunate 76. 86 87. D DAnaus 116. Death 7. not to bee feared 80. 83. not to bee bevvayled ibid. spareth no age ibid. houre and time thereof vncertayne 80. 83. the Hauen of rest 82. 99. Feare thereof causeth a troubled and vnquiet mynde 83. despised euen of common persons 84. desired of the Godly and feared of the vvicked 88. terrible to vvhom 100. must not bee hastened before the appointed time 125. Death of frendes greuous 4. Decius 66. 84. 97. Delightes in husbandry 71. 73. Delightes peculier to euery seueral age 84. Democritus 56. Departure of frendes one from another 32. 33. Desire of honour 113. Destenie 123. Dictator vvhat officer he vvas 74. Diet of the Bodye and mynde resembled to a Lampe 62. Difference betvveene the povvers of the bodye and of the mynde ibid. Digginge 72. Dignitie of the mynde and Soule 65. Diligence preposterous 27. 38. Diogenes Stoicus 56. Discorde 11. Dishonesty 109. Dishonest point to fal out vvith him that hath beene an old familier frend 33. Dissimulation 29. 39. Dotage 63. Dreames 122. Drudge 113. Drudgerye ibid. Dunginge of Land. 72. E EArth round lyke a Ball. 125. 126. lovveste lūpish and vnmoueable 127. hovv it is habitable 129. Earthly matters contrary to heauenly 85. Echion a cunning Paynter 112. Eloquence 92. Empedocles opinion that the vvorld al thinges consisted of Frendship 11. End of lyuing best 82. Enemie 108. Ennius 10. 44. 50. 52 83. 122. Epicures opinion of Frendshippe 20. repose all felicitie in pleasure 66. Epitaphe 55. 77. Equalitye in frendshippe 30. 31. Equalite of faultes 103. Euery man meddle vvith no more then hee can vvel compasse 61. Euery age hath his proper season ibid. Excuse for doinge ill to pleasure our frende not allovvable 18. Exercises for youngmen 75. Exercises for old men ibid. Exercises of vvytte 63. Exile 108. Expenses moderate a greate reuenue 119. F FAbius praysed 50. 51. 53. Fabritius 8. 13. 53. 66. 97. 118. Face vvrinckled not the cause of aucthoritie credite 77. Faythfulnesse 28. 99. Fame of vvorthy men neuer dyeth 43. 107. Familiaritie 30. Faultes in oldage hovv to be redressed 62. Faultes in maners 79. Feare is Bondage 113. 114. Feare of death vvhat it causeth 83. Feastinge 67. Fee. 120. Felovvshippes 35. Fishpond 112. Firmament 127. Flattry dissembling vvorse then open enmity 29. getteth frendes novv adayes 38. to be eschevved ibid. the greatest plague to truefrēd shippe 39. vvhich kinde of it is moste hurtfull ibid. vvho are moste hurt thereby vvho lysten most thereto 41. of a litle maketh a great deale ibid. Slyly done most carefully to bee taken heede
mortall transitorye except Soules ibid. aboue it al eternall incorruptible 127 her heauen ibid. Most Frendship novve a dayes for most money 34. Motion of the Planets coelestiall bodies 125. Mummius vvanne Corinth 112. Mutius Scaeuola his valiaunt enterprise 97. N Naeuius 70. Nature the best Guide to directe our liues by 8. cannot be altered 15. loueth her like 22. loueth no solitarinesse 37. hath her limitation of lyuinge 90. Necessitie tryeth a Frende 24. Negligence 36. 101. Nestor lyued 300. yeeres 60. Nilus 128. Noble men Husbandmen 74. Noble Natures desire to vvynne honor and to leaue a fame and memoriall behynde theim 87. No man so Olde but hopeth to lyue one yeere longer 56. Nothing euil vvhich commeth by necessitie of Nature 47. Nothing long or of continuance in this vvorld 81. Nothinge better then good 102. No vnlavvful request ought to be graunted 18 19. Nurse 32. Numa Pompilius 96. Numantia 123. O Ocean 129. Offence 101. 104. 105. Oldage 5. no hinderer from dealing in publique offices and functions 53. Surmised to be vvretched because it is vveake and vvearish 58. lacking strength 61. dispenced vvithal and priuiledged from dealinges of mayne strength and labour ibid. Sickelye ibid. Surmised to lacke pleasures 64. Qualifieth all ill motions 66. 67. allovved moderatelye to banquet 67. hath pleasures ynoughe and competent 69. vvhat kinde of Oldage is pleasauntest ibid. 73. most commendable 77. Talkatiue and full of vvordes 73. vvhat is the chiefest honour and ornament thereof 77. testie and captious 79. Mislyked because it is neere death 80. Fruicts thereof 81. hath no certayne number of yeres appointed hovv long to last 82. stout and couragious ibid. bragging and praysing themselues and their former dedes 87. Lusty 59. must be resisted 62. vvherein honorable 63. prerogatiue thereof 78. last parte or finall ende of this lyfe 90. Old betimes vvho vvold be old long 60. Old young age commendable 63. Oldmen delight in the louingnes of youngmen 42. 57. vvrongfully charged to be obliuious 55. forget not vvhere they lay their purses or hyde their treasure ibid. vvayvvard 79. vvho are called by Caecilius foolish 62. studious 70 their exercises 75. vvhere the best dvvellinge for them vvas and vvhere they vvere most reuerenced 78. seuere 79. couetous ibid. endued vvith profoundnes of reason good counsaile and graue aduise 80. dye vvith lesse payne theÌ„ Youngmen and more agreably to Nature 82. One good and vertuous man more to be regarded theÌ„ many rich Cobbes being vvicked 97. Oppression 105. Oracle of Apollo 3. Oration of Scipio pythye 40. Orbes of the planets Coelestiall Bodies 125. nyne 126. Order 105. Originalles a Booke so entituled and penned by olde Cato 63. 84. P Paysaunt 111. Papyrius 40. Paradoxa vvhat it signifieth 93. Socraticall and true 94. Parsimonye 119. Partaking vvith Frendes in trouble 28. Pelfe and vvorldlye vvealth 96. Pension great not to be couetous 120. Phidias a notable Image maker 94. Picaenum in Italy hovv novv called 51 Picture 97. 111. 112. 119. Pisistratus the tyraunt 82. Planets 125. Plantinge 73. Plate 97. 111. Plato hovv hee lyued in his Oldage and hovv hee dyed 51. 56. 66. 67. his reasons prouinge the immortalitie of the Soule 86. Plautus 70. Playfelovves in youth 32. Pleasure 15. beastly and pernicious 64. 65. 132. Welspring of al Vices 65. must be abandoned â—09 contrarye to vertue 66. Bayte of mischief 67. hard to resist the allurements thereof ibid in some respectes tolerable 68. Ytch thereof ibid. most in Youngmen 69. Pleasure of learninge and knovvledge excelleth al other pleasures 70. Plentie 118. Prayse due to Vertue 98. Prauitie of the mynde 102. Principalitie 113. Profite by Frendshippe 23. Promotion 36. Propertie of a vvell stayed mynde 21. Protectours of their countrie 124. Prouerbe 30. Prison of the Soule 85. 87. Poet 105. Poles of heauenl ij 129. Polycletus a cunning Imagerer 112. Porsenna 97. Possessions 119. 120. Pouertie and Oldage ij heauye burdens to beare 52. Pylades and Orestes 11. Pylote of a shippe 53. 101. Pyrrhus 13. 53. 66. 73. 118. Pythagoras 56. 61. 83. 85. Pythagoreans custome 63. 85. Punishment 104. 108. Purseuauntes 74. Q QValification of vices 109. of affections ibid. Qualities of the mynde 62. 112. Questions briefe compendious 92. Quicke motion of the Coelestial Spheres 125. Quietnes 21. Quincuncie vvhat it is 76. R Rashnes incident to youngmen 55. Realme nobly protected by vvorthy Gentlemen 1â—5 Reason 102. 105 Regulus Attilius 84. 98. Remorse of conscience 113. Request of one frend to another 18. 20. 32. 35. Requital of curtesies 22. Resistaunce against Nature 48. Respect in preferment of Frendes 32. Reuenue 119. 120. Reuerence to elders and betters 30. Reuerence to Parentes 104. Reuerent avve in Frendshippe 35. Reuolutions of the celestial Bodies 125. Right in a peny asvvel as in a pounde 102. Ryches 24. 36. 95. fruict thereof 117. consisteth only in vertue 119 vvhereby to be measured 120. propertie thereof ibid. possessed manye times by euill and naughty men 96. Rich man beeing foolish very tedious and vvearisome in companye ibid. Rich vvho 115. 119. vvho not rich 118. Riot 16. Rome 105. Romulus 96. 130. S SAcietie of lyfe 84. 90. Saguntines 103. Saying most repugnaunt to Frendship 26. Samnites 118. Saturne the highest Planet 126. in vvhat time hee fully finisheth his course ibid. Scipio a vvorthy Gentleman 5. 6. 23. a perfect stedfast frende to Laelius 2. 7. 14. 43. Subdued Carthage and Numantia 5. 54. 70. 84. 97. 122. 133. Sea Atlanticke 129. Senate and Senators vvhy so named 54. delited in thold time in husbandrye 74. 106. Sensualitie 15. 65. 98. 109. 132. Septenarye number mysticall 127. Sestertium vvhat it is in value 119. Seueritie in measure allovvable 79. Shame 109. Shiftes vnhonest to get vvealth 115. Shypvvracke 120. Short thinges sufferable 43. Shrylnesse of voyce 59. Simonides 56. Synne 101. vnlavvfull 102. 103. Sincke of al mischiefe 89. Slaue 112. Slauerye most vyle 112. 113. vvhat it is 114. Sleepe an Image of death 87. Socrates the only vviseman of the vvorld 3. 56. 85. learned to playe vpon musical Instrumentes in his Old dayes 58. his manner of disputinge 103. Sommer 85. Solitarinesse 37. Solon vvaxed euery daye older by learninge daylye more and more 57. 70. his stout aunsvvere to a Tyraunt 82. 83. Sophocles 55. accused by his ovvne Sonnes of Dotage 56. his aunsvvere touching carnal coÌ„cupiscence 69. Soothing and holding vp vvith yea and nay 38 Soules 85. Immortal 88. 89. 90. 127. Spartacus a notable Ruffian and Rebel 107. Speach myeld curteous commendable in old men 59. Spending prodigallye 119. measurablye ratably to our gettinges ibid. Springe 72. 81. Stabilitie of Frendshippe 34. 42. Stage player 104. Starres 125. bigger then the Earth 126. Starry Firmament 127. Statius 36. Stepping aside a little froÌ„ honesty to saue thereby the credite or lyfe of our frend 27. Stesichorus 56. Studies appropriate to ech seueral age 84. Suada Goddesse of Eloquence 70. Sufficiencie is vvealth ynough 116. Sullennes 29. Sunne the chiefest greatest and most soueraigne light 126. In vvhat tyme he perfourmeth his Reuolution ibid. Superiours must helpe and relieue Inferiours 30 Suspicion 29. Syllable in lyfe 105. T TAbles 97. 111. 112. Talebearers and tale creditours 29. Talke ibid. Tarquinius 13. hovv and vvhen he tryed his freÌ„des 24. 96. Taunt rebounded 50. Terence 79. Terentius Varro slayne 84. Themistocles 20. 49. his excellent memorye 55. Thermopylae a mountayne in Greece 60. Thetica 93. Things fayre and beautiful hovv to be estemed 112. Thinges excellent rare and hard 34. Thraso 41. Three supposed special opinions of freÌ„dship 25. Tiberius Gracchus 17. 19. 123. Tyllage 74. 75. Timon an hater of al companye 37. Torment of a vvicked and guiltie coÌ„science 100. TraÌ„quillity of mynde 35. Tryal of Frendes 27. 28. Truth 38. 40. Treasure not comparable to Vertue 119. Treason 64. Treacherye ibid. Tusculane Questions 93. Tutours to children 32. Tyme passeth avvay 81. Tyme rype and conuenient to dye 84. Tyraunt 23. 107. Tyrannye 105. V VAlerius Coruinus 76. Vaunt of levvd lyfe most beastlye and detestable 98. Venerous copulation 69. Venus one of the vij planets 126. her course reuolution ibid 127. Vertue amiable and dravveth men to loue her 13. vvel liked and loued euen in our enemies and them vvhom vve neuer savv 14. 15. dysdaynful of no man. 23. not to bee dispised 27. despised 16. 41. getteth and keepeth Freendeship 42. 44. cannot be vvhere pleasure ruleth 65. to bee desired euen for herselfe 67. more vvorth then all vvorldly treasure 97. 99. agreable to reason and constancie 102. Vertues equal 102. prayse vvorthye 112. causes vvhy most chiefely to be esteemed 120. Vertuous man cannot be miserable 100. lyueth after he is dead 124. Vnlavvful requestes of Frendes 16. 17. 18. Vnlike maners vnfit for frendshippe 32. Vpbrayding of pleasures and benefites 31. Vrinalles 112. Vsury 117. 119. Vice to be punished vvithoute respecte of persons 66. Vices equall 192. Vyne 71. 72. W VVAightye matters hovv atchieued 53. Wardhouse of this lyfe 83. 125. Warynesse 33. Wayvvardnesse 49. 79. Wealth and vvorldly Ryches vvithout a Frend vnpleasaunt 23. 37. 115. 119. altereth maners 24. are not rightly to be tearmed any of ours 106. Weapons fit for Oldage 49. 54. Whoredome 65. 103. Whole Worlde as one cytty 100. Wycked lyuers afraid to dye 88. Wisdome passeth strength 60. Wiseman 110. Wise and sententious counsayle 36. Wit vvauering 29. X XEnophon 68. 75. 86. Y YEre called the turning yere vvhat it is 130. Younge head rash and vnskilfull 55. YouÌ„ge men subiect asmuch or more to sicknesse then Old men 62. 80. their exercises 75. dye vvith greater payne then Oldmen 82. Youth inordinately led maketh a feeble and impotent Oldage 59. delighteth in vayne Pleasures 69. Youthfull Oldage most commendablâ— â–ª 〈…〉 Z ZEno 56. FINIS Imprinted at London in Fleetstrete by Thomas Marsh 1577. Cum Priuilegio
created CoÌ„sul the second time my selfe then beinge Consul Thinke you that if hee had lyued tyl he had bene an hundreth yere olde he wold haue bene wearye of his Oldage I graunte hee woulde neyther practize Skirmishing nor nimble leaping neyther tossing the pykes a farre of nor slashing with Swordes hand to hand but hee would vse graue counsel reason and aduisement Which points if they were not in Oldmen our Auncestors wolde neuer haue tearmed their high moste honorable counsell by the name of Senate And among the* Lacedemonians they that bare the highest Offices as they bee so also are they called Auncientes or Sages Now if you be disposed to heare and reade forrayne Examples you shal find that noble and flourishing coÌ„mon wealthes haue bene vtterly spoyled by youÌ„g youthful heades And the same by Old sage fathers to haue bene mainteined recouered Tell mee this howe came it to passe that you loste your mighty and noble common wealth in such a short space for to one that moued this Question as it is to be seene in the Booke of the Poet Neuius entituled Ludus many aunsweres were made and namelye this Forsoothe because there stepped into Offyce new vpstart Oratours foolish light headed Yonckers Lo Rashnesse is incidente to youthfull yeeres but prudence and wisdome to Oldage But the Memory is empayred I beleeue it wel vnlesse a man do exercise it or if a man bee of nature slowe and blockishe Themistocles perfectly knew the names of euery person in the Citye Do you thincke that hee when he grew into yeres vsed to call Aristides by that name of Lysimachus Surely I do know not only them that be yet aliue but their Fahers Graundfathers also Neyther feare I any whyt least when I read * Epitaphes vpoÌ„ Tombes I should as they say lose my memory For by the reading of them I am brought into remembrance of them that are dead Neither haue I heard of any * Oldman that euer forgat in what place hee had layde vp his Treasure They remember well ynoughe all such thinges as they make any accouÌ„pt of their Suretyshippes Obligations of apparauÌ„ce at certayn dayes to whoÌ„ they bee indebted and who to them What say wee to Lawyers what to Byshoppes what to the Augurs what to Philosophers that are Oldmen How many thinges do they remember Their wittes still remaine in Oldemen fresh ynough so that their study industrye continue still And this not only in noble and honorable personages but in priuate and quiet lyfe also Sophocles made Tragedies euen tyll hee was a very Oldman who being so earnestly vent to his studies that hee was supposed not to take anye care of his houshold affayres was cited to appeare before the Iudges by his owne sonnes That as our maner and custome is wheÌ„ any Parentes do negligentlye looke to their domesticall dealinges to sequestre and defeact them from the vse of theire goodes so also that the Iudges should displace him from the vse and occupatioÌ„ of his owne goodes as an Old doating Ideot Then lo the Oldeman is sayde to haue openlye recyted before the Iudges a certeine Tragedy which he then had in hand and had lately written entituled Oedipus Coloneus and after he had read the same to haue demaunded of them whether they thought that Poeticall piece of worke seemed to bee of anye doatinge fooles doinge After the recitall whereof he was by all the Iudges Sentences acquite and discharged Did Oldage cause this man or Hesiodus or Simonides or Sthesicorus or those whom I named afore Isocrates or Gorgias or Homer or the Prince of Philosophers Pythagoras or Democritê° or Plato or Socrates or afterward Zeno Cleanthes or him whom you also sawe at Rome Diogenes the Stoicke to be nonsuited or to quayle and fumble in their matters was not the practise of the studies in all these men Equall to their lyfe Goe too Let vs omit and passe ouer these deuine Studies I can name vnto you out of the coast of Sabine husbandmen my Neighbours and Familiers whom being absent there is neuer lightlye any great worke of husbandrye done in their fieldes neither in sowing in reaping nor yet in inninge of their fruicts Albeit in theÌ„ this thing is not so greatlye to bee meruailed at For there is no man so olde but thinketh that hee maye lyue one yeare longer But they also toyle about such thinges as they knowe doth nothing at all perteyne vnto them They graffe Trees which shall yelde Fruict after a great whyle to them that shall come after them as oure Statius in his worke entituled Synephoebis declareth Neither would an Husband maÌ„ be he neuer so old stick to make this auÌ„sweer to one that should aske him for whoÌ„ hee planteth soweth I doe it for the Immortal Gods whose pleasure it was that I should not only receiue these thiÌ„ges at the haÌ„ds of my Predecessors but should also surreÌ„der deliuer the same agayn to my Successors Better a great deale hath Cecilius spoken of an Olde maÌ„ labouring prouiding for his Sequele and posteritie then he doth in this folowiÌ„g Certes although Oldage wheÌ„ it coÌ„meth had none other incoÌ„uenience or mishap ioyned with it yet is this one ynough that by lyuing loÌ„g a maÌ„ seeth many things which hee would not see Yea and peraduenture hee seeth many thinges which he is right willing to see And Adolescency many times hapneth to see such thinges as it would not see But this nexte sayinge of the same Cecilius is a greate deale worse Thys also sayth hee doe I accoumpte in Oldeage moste miserable because in that Age a Man doeth feele himselfe to be odious vnto others Nay pleasaunt rather then odious For euen as Wise Oldmen take great delight in towardly and vertuous Young men their Oldage made a great deale easier which are reuerenced loued of Young men so agayne Youngmen take greate ioye and contentment in the good lessoÌ„s and Preceptes of Oldemen whereby they are induced to the studies of Vertue Neyther doe I perceiue my selfe to be any whytlesse welcome and pleasauÌ„t vnto you then you are vnto mee But now you see howe that Oldage is not only not saynt sluggish nor drowsie but is rather still busied euer doing and deuising of some what such things I meane as euery one his delyte hath bene vnto in his former life Nay how say wee to this moreouer that they are euery day learning somewhat As we haue seene by Solon who glorying in certayne verses sayed that be waxed an OldmaÌ„ by learning euery day somwhat as I my selfe also did for I learned the Greeke tongue when I was an aged man which I did so greedelye rake and snatche vnto mee as one desirous to staunche and quenche a long thirst to the intent that I might attaigne to the knowledge of those things whych you now see me to vse for Examples Which thing