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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	day_n	king_n	year_n	9,216	5	5.1012	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A65095	A pleasant and compendious history of the first inventers and instituters of the most famous arts, misteries, laws, customs and manners in the whole world together with many other rarities and remarkable things rarely known, and never before made publick : to which is added, several curious inventions, peculierly attributed to England & English-men, the whole work alphabetically digested and very helpful to the readers of history.; De rerum inventoribus. English	Vergil, Polydore, 1470?-1555.; Langley, Thomas, d. 1581.	1686 (1686)	Wing V598; ESTC R21854	60,337	192

both they and their kindred in White Apparrel like as at that time the dead body was wrapped in White cloaths The white colour was thought fittest for the dead because it is Clear Pure Sincere and least defiled and when the time of their weeping was expired they put on other Vestures Of this Ceremony as I take it the French Queens tool occasion after the death of their Husbands the Kings to wear only white cloathing and when there was any such Widdow she was commonly called the White Queen The Jews ended their Mourning after Thirty days The Englishmen use altogether Black which they use for the most part to wear a whole year unless it be because of a general Triumph of a New Magistrate or when they are towards Marriage The Manner of washing the bodyes of the dead especially of the Nobler sort and the annointing of them was received from our Ancesters which used to wash the bodyes of the dead and it was the Office of them which were neerest of the Kindred to do it Lead was brought by Miducritus out of the Islands against Spain called Cussitrides as Strabo writes Letting of Blood was Learned of the Water-horse in Nylus For when he was weak and distempered he used to seek by the River side for the sharpest stalks of Reeds against which he stroke a Veign of his Leg with great violence and so eased his Body by that means of the corrupt and fuperfluous blood and when he had so done he covered the wound with the Mud. Linnen or Flax as Pliny Writs was invented by the beautiful Lady Arachne of Lydia she taught also the way of Knitting Nets to take Beasts Fish and Fouls Minerva instructed the People of Athens in spinning and weaving of Wool but in one place Pliny seemeth to ascribe the Art of Weaving to the Aegyptians Labyrinths which we may call Mazes were certain intricate and winding Works with many entries and doors in such a manner that if a Man were once entered he could not sind the way out except he had a perfect guide or else a clew of thread to be his conduct There were four of them most notable as it is reported The first was in Aegypt and was called of some the Pallace of the King Motherudes of some the Sepulcher of Mexes but there are others that say it was builded in honour of the Sun by King Petesucus or Tethoes Herodotus will have it that it was the common Tomb of the Kings of Aegypt this stood a little from the Pool of Mirios The Second was made in Crete by Daedalus at the Commandment of King Minos wherein Theseus of Athens slew the Minotaure The Third was wrought in the Isle of Lemnos by Smilus Rhodus and Theodorus Carpenters of the same Countrey The Fourth Porsena King of the Hetrucians caused to be made and set up in Italy for his Sepulcher It was all of Free Stone and Vaulted Letters concerning the first inventors of them Authors are at some variance Diodorus saith they were found by Mercury in Aegypt others say one Menon an Aegyptian devised them Instead of Letters the Aegyptians used to declaire and signifie the intents and conceits of their minds by the Figures of Beasts Fishes Fowls and Trees Pliny saith that he thought that the Assirians excogitated the Letters which Cadmus brought out of Phenicia into Greece which were but sixteen in number A b c d e g i l m n o p r s t u. To these Palumedes in the Battell of Troy added four more Aristotle saith that there were 18. Hermolaus is supposed to have added the Letter y. Herodotus writeth how that the Phenicians that came with Cadmus to inhabit Thebes brought Letters into Greece which were never seen there before Some will have the Aethiopians to have invented them and then to have taught them to the Aegyptians that were one of their Provinces But Eumolphus writes very wisely that the Original of Letters were from Moses who was long before Cadmus dayes that he taught the Jews Letters that thence the Phenicians received them and the Greeks Leared of them which thing is conformable to Pliny's opinion For Jury is a part of Syria and the Jews were Syrians Nevertheless I have it from Josephus that writing was before Noahs Flood for the Sons of Seth as we have expressed wrote in two Pillars one of Brick and another of Stone the Science of Astronomy whereof that of Stone in the time of Josephus remained in Syria Philo ascribeth the inventions of them to Abraham Numbers were used to be written with these seven Letters C. I. D. L. M. U. X or with these Figures 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. which because they are so Familiarly used we shall not need further to declaire Letters were first brought into Italy by Evander and the Arcadians which came into Italy to Inhabit there as Ovid writes in his Book de Fastis the Hetrurians also had a form of Letters by themselves wherein the Youth of Rome were instructed as well as in the Greek Letters which one Demeratus a Corinthian taught the Hetrucians And like as the Grecians had enlarged the number of their Letters so the Italians following their example put to theirs f. k. q. x. y. z. h. which h. is no Letter but a sign of aspiration f. they received of the Aeolians which both amongst the Romans and Aeolians had the same sound and pronounciation that p. with an inspiration hath which we use in writing Greek words And afterward Claudius Caesar as Quintilian writeth appointed that it should be taken in the place of u. Consonant as fulgus for vulgus fixet for vixit and even so our English men use to speak in Essex for they say Finegar for Vinegar Feal for Veal and contrariwise a Vox for a Fox Vour for Four and in process of time it was used for ph in Latine words k. was borrowed of the Greeks but any eminent Author seldome useth it in writing Latine q. was added because it hath a grosser sound then c. The Letter x. we had also out of Greece although as Quintillian judgeth we might well forbear it forasmuch as that they either used for it c s. or g s. Likewise y. and z. were sent from the Grecians and are used of us only to write Greek words In Letters are contained the Treasure of Knowledge by them the most notable things are preserved in fresh remembrance Libraries which are the Monuments of ingenuous Wits consist in Books which were first published in Greece Gellius saith it was Pisistratus that made the first Book and exhibited it to be read openly Josephus will have it otherwise that the Hebrews and Priests of Chaldee set forth the first Books The Athenians multiplyed the number of them which Xerxes carried from thence into Persia and Seleveus King of Macedonia caused them many years after to be conveighed again to Athens After that Ptolomeus King of Aegypt collected 700000 Books which were all burnt

first to play on them Pan found out the Pipe of small Reed to delight and please his Mistress Syrinx Timarias was the first that playd on the Harp and Lute with Ditties and Amphion was the first that sung to the Lute The Troglodites a People of Aethiopia were the first that found out the Dulcimer Pises a Tyrrhen or Tuscan found out the brazen Trumpet and the Tuscans were the first that used it in War Others say that it was Dyrcaeus an Athenian who taught it the Lacedemonians who maintaining a long War against the Messenians had this answer from the Oracle of Appollo that if they would win the field they must have a Captain of Athens The Athenians in despight sent them Dyrcaeus a lame fellow with one eye who notwithstanding did receive him and made use of his Counsel who taught them to play on Trumpets which were so dreadful to the Messenians because of the strangness of the noise that they fled and so the Lacedemonians became immediately Victorious The Arcadians were the first that brought Musical Instruments into Italy and some do write that the Lacedemonians in War did use Clarions Shalms Rebecks to the intent that when they were ready to sight they might be kept in better order Halyalies King of the Lydians had in the battell against the Milesians Pipers and Fidlers playing together the Cretians when they went to War had Lutes going before them to Moderate their pace Magick took its beginning from Phisick and was the invention of Zoroastes King of the Bacthrians who raigned eight hundred years after the Seige of Troy The same time that Abraham and Ninus raigned about three Thousand one Hundred Fourscore and five Years after the Creation of the World Lactantius and Eusebius think it was set forth amongst other divelish Sciences by the evil Spirits and Pliny calleth it of all the Arts the most deceiptful It is compacted of Phisick superstition and the Mathematical Arts. The Thessalians were especially accused with the frequent use of this practice the first Writers of this Art were said to be Hosthunes Pythagoras Empedocles Democritus Plato who with divers others Sailed into far Countries to learn it Wherein Democritus was reported to have been the most famous three hundred years after the City was builded in which time Hippocrates published the Art of Phisick The Monks those of Olivet sprung up as a Fruit of disorder the same year that the variance was amongst three Bishops and were instituted by Barnardus Ptolomeus the year of our Lord 1407. under Gregory the 12th The faction of Grandimonsers began by Steven of Anern in Aquitane or Guyen the year of our Lord 1076 under Alexander the Second and had their Title of the Mountain where their Abbey stood A little after the same time Robert Abbot of Molisme in Cisterium a Forrest in Burgundy did insinuate the order of Cistercians though some ascribe it to one Ordingus a Monk that perswaded Robert to the same about the year of our Lord 1098. under Urbane the Second of this order was the great Clark St. Bernard The other orders of them as also of the Hieronymians Canons White-Friers Crouch-Friers to mention them as they are so numerous would be too tedious Martyrs of them our Saviour Christ was the first Witness and was incarnate to be so for the Truth he had for his Blessed and True Testimony the envy of the Jews insomuch that they persecuted him to the vile Death of the Cross for his most sacred record and report of the Truth and they did no less persue the Apostles and Messengers of the Truth For when they following the Example of their Master did openly declare the word of Truth and namely Peter did sorely rebuke the wickedness of the Jews for putting to Death our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ the Author of Life advertising of them to repent and amend The Jews were so furious that they Murthered Stephen as the Acts of the Apostles testifies because he was a Fervent and Zealous Witness of the Truth This Stephen did two years continually after Christs Death dispute with all the Learned men of Alexandria Cyrene Cilicia and Asia and by Heavenly Wisdome confounded all their Worldly Reason and Humane Learning for which they were so poisoned with Malice against him that they violently Thrust him out of the Citty and then cruelly stoned him to Death Thus Stephen was the first open maintainer and defender of our Christian Religion Afterwards St. Luke the Evangilist found such bitter and sharp persecutions did burst out against the Christians that were in Jerusalem that they were enforced to stray abroad and were scattered throughout all Jewry and Samaria saving that the Apostles remained and Sojourned at Jerusalem Notwithstanding this persecution was a great furtherance of the Gospel by reason they ceased not but Preached still the Word every where to the great advance and augmentation of the number of the Faithfull Amongst the Heathen Nations Nero in the 13th year of his Reign was the first that persecuted our Religion universally and put St. Peter and St. Paul to Death and consequently many other Innocents were slain cruelly For out of a Bloody mind he had he could not spare his own Countrey but either for displeasure of the ruinous Houses which he was exasperated to behold or else desirous to see a resemblance of the Burning of Troy he set on fire the most part of the Citty of Rome with so huge a flame that it burnt six Days and six Nights continually to the Impoverishing of many Thousands of the Cittizens Then to mitigate that shamefull and abominable Crime he forged false Witnesses that the Christians were guilty of that Enormious Fact and so Thousands of Innocents for Religion were most cruelly put to Death for the Tyrants pleasure and to obdurate and harden himself in mischief he proclaimed an open Persecution against all that professed the Name of Christ Not long after Domitian in the 12th year of his Reign renewed another Persecution he caused St. John to be put into a Vessel of burning Oyl whereof he received no hurt Trjan raised a third The fourth Marcus Antonius Lucius Anrelius Commodus stirred up The fifth Persecution was under the Emperour Severus Maximinius procured the sixth Decius the seventh The eighth Valerius The ninth began under the Emperour Aurelianus The tenth was by the Command of the Emperour Dioclesian and Maximianus Herculeus this Persecution was far more cruell and general then any of the rest insomuch that Dioclesian in the occient and Maximinian in the occident destroyed all the Churches and tormented the Christians with most horrid Cruelties The Books of Scripture were Burned Churches plucked down Christian Magistrates that were in any Office were deposed Souldiers were enforced to deny their Faith or else to be deprived of their Estates or loose their Lives Neither were the three cruel Tyrants Mezentius Licinus and Maximinianus behind for their parts but were as insatiate for Christian Blood As

at the Battell of Alexandria Nevertheless S●rabo recordeth that Aristotle did institute the first Library and left it to Theophrastus his Disciple and taught the Kings of Aegypt how they should order their Library Theophrastus left it to Molus and of him Scepsis received it There was also a very ancient Library at Pergamus In Rome Afinius Pollio had the first Library which Employed the great Wits in study to the ample furtherance and commodity of that Common-wealth At this time the World flourisheth with Libraries to introduce ingenuous Persons to a more suddain perfection Legends of Saints were made in the year of our Lord 800. by Paulus Diaconius Isuardus a Monk at the desire of Charles the great And for as much as the Persecutions were so great that in the time of Dioclesian the Emperour there were put to death 1700 Christians within thirty days space they could not particularly write all their Lives but made general Legends of Martyrs Confessours Virgins which the Fathers commanded to be read in the Church on such Saints days M MONEY was first Coined in Rome 547 years after the Citty was Built the first Coin was named a Ducat Phedon began Silver Coin in the Isle of Aegina which was Minted in Rome 454 after the Citty was Built the print of it being a Charriot with two Horses Janus caused Base Coin to be made with a Face to the one side and a Ship on the other that he might gratifie Saturne who arrived there in a Ship by perpetuating his memory to posterity Serius Tullius Coined Brass with the Image of a Sheep and an Oxe Marriage or Matrimony Antiquity reports that Cecrops King of Athens first ordained and therefore the Poets feigned him to have two Faces Notwithstanding the customes of Marriage were not alike in all Countreys nor kept after the same manner For amongst the Indians Numidians Aegyptians Hebrews Persians Parthians and almost all the Barbarians every one Married according to the substance or riches which they enioyed The Seythians Scots and Athenians at first used the Women in common publickly like Beasts the Massagers Married their Wives but they also used them in common Amongst the Arabians it was the custome that all the Kinsmen should have but one Wife and he that came to meddle with her should set his Staffe at the Door The Assyrians and Babilonians bought their Wives in the Market for a price which custome still remains amongst the Arabians and Saracens The Nazomons when they are first Married use to suffer their Wives to be Layne withall the first Night by all their Guests and after that keep them entire to themselves There were a certain People of Affrick that were wont to offer such Maids that were to be Married to the King of their Religion to deflowre such as he pleased It was also the custome amongst the Scots that the Lord of the Manner was to Lye with the Bride the first Night which custome remained till it was abolished by Malcolme the third Marriage amongst the Romans was kept inviolable till divorcement began The Rites of Marriage were various in Rome and the manner was that two Children should Lead the Bride and a third bear before her a Torch of White-Thorn in honour of Ceres which custome was also observed here in England saving that in place of the Torch there was carried before the Bride a Bason of Gold or Silver a Garland also of Corn Eares was set upon her Head or else she bare it on her Hand or if that were omitted Wheat was scattered over her Head in Token af Fruitfulness also before she came to Bed to her Husband Fire and Water were given her which having power to purifie and clease signifyed that thereby she should be chast and pure in her Body Neither was she to step over the Threshold but was to be bourn over to signifie that she lost her Virginity unwillingly with many other superstitious Ceremonies which are too long to rehearse Marriage began first in Paradise where God joyned Adam and Eve together before they knew Sin that by the congression and company of these two Sexes and Kinds their issue might be enlarged to replenish the World Mahomets Sect questionless is one of the most Diabolical of all other as well for the filthiness of all unlawful Lusts as also for other outragious naughtiness that it is so strangely possessed with to the great mischief of Christendome and encrease of their own infidelity Of this most superstitious Sect Mahomet Born in Arabia or as some report in Persia was the Author his Father was a Heathen Idolater and his Mother an Ismaelite which caused her to have the more insight into the Law of the Hebrews This wicked Plant brought up and fostered under his Parents and instructed like a Mungrell in either of their Laws became expert being of a quick and ready Wit after the Death of his Father and Mother he was a Servant to one Abdemonaples an Ismaelite who put him in trust with his Merchandise and other Affaires and after his death he Married his Mistress There he fell into acquaintance with the Monk Sergius an heretick of Nestorius Sect that fled from Byzance into Arabia and by his Council and advice this Mahomet about the year of our Lord 520 and the twelfth year of the raign of the Emperour Heraclius began in Arabia to found a new Sect and by Seditious Sermons seduced many people in several Countries He conquered through the assistance of the Arabians divers lands and subdued them as Tributaries and compelled them to live after the Tradition of his Laws that he gathered out of the New and Old Testamants and divers Herisies of the Nicoluits Maniches and Subelians He died in the 40 th year of his age his body was carried by the Saracens into a City of Persia called Mecha and put into a Coffin of Iron which through the attraction of a Load-stone to those that know not the Sympathy of Nature makes it to seem as if it hung miraculously This Sect encreaseth more and more partly through the discord of Christian Princes and by reason of our greivious sins which hath caused us Christians to feel the heavy hand of God upon us Musick by the Testimony of the Ancients is of great Antiquity for Orpheus and Linus being both of the Linnage of the Gods were both of them incomparable Musicions The Invention of Musick some do ascribe to Amphion the Son of Jupiter by Antiope others do ascribe the finding of it to Dionisius others say that it was first brought out of Creete and being perceived by the ringing and shrill sound of Brass was brought at last to Number and Measure others ascribe it to the Arcadians but it is most generally affirmed that Mercury found out the Notes and Concords of singing He also as we have already mentioned was the first that invented the Harp Shalms were at the first made of Cranes-legs afterwards of a great Reed Dardanus Tezenius used

concerning the Martyrdoms of the Twelve Apostles we shall relate as followeth James the Son of Zebedee called Major for that he was chosen to be an Apostle was sent to convert Spaine from whence by reason of the Obstinacy of the People he returned shortly to Preach in Judea where through the Malice of a Jewish Bishop called Abiathar he was accused and Beheaded by the consent of Herod Agrippa His Body was conveyed by his Disciples first to Jerusalem and from thence to Spaine where it remaineth in Compostella a Famous Pilgrimage James the Son of Alpheus called Minor for that he was last chosen he was Bishop of Jerusalem and that for the space of Thirty years and then as he was Preaching in the Temple he was thrown down by the Pharises and by them stoned to death he was Buried by the Temple Simon by our Saviour called Peter through the indignation of Nero because he was too hard for and had overcome Simon Magus Sorcerie was Crucified with his Head downward Saul after his conversion called Paul who after that he had endured and escaped many dangers and torments as being Whipt with Rods put in the Stocks by Philipus Stoned in Lystra delivered to wild Beasts in Ephesus Bound and Beaten in Jerusalem at last he came to Rome where by the commandement of Nero he was Beheaded for that he was a Roman Born the same day that St. Peter was crucified Philip after he had Preached throughout the whole Coutrey of Scythia and converted a great part thereof in the space of twenty years was at last in the City of Hierapolis when he had there extirped the Herisie of the Hebaeonites fastned to the Cross and put to a cruel death Bartholomew went to Preach in India and afterwards came to Albania a City of Armenia the greater where he converted the King of that City and destroyed the Idols Wherefore by the Commandment of Astiages Brother to King Polimeus whom he had converted he was Flead alive His Body was afterwards brought to Italy and is as some say at Rome Andrew Simon Peters Brother went first to Preach in Achaia and afterwards in Scythia but Lastly he was taken at Patras a City of Achaia by Egeas Pro-consul of that Province Who because that he had Converted his Wife Maximilla cast him in prison where he was most Tyrannically beaten stretched out and bound upon a slope Cross to augment his Torment and so he dyed Thomas Preached the Gospel to the Parthians Medes Persians Hyrcanians Bragmans and converted a great part of India He was by the Infidels thrown into a burning Furnace and is said to have come out unhurt Finally because he prayed to God to destroy the Idol of the Sun which the Infidels would have compelled him to Worship he was by them thrust through with Spears and Swords Matthew after he had Preached much in Judea he went into Aetheopia and there converted the greatest part of the Countrey As he had newly ended his Prayers and was lifting up his hands to Heaven by the Alter by the Appointment of the King of that Countrey certain Villains came behind him and run him through with their Swords Judas called Thaddeus after the Ascention of our Lord was sent by Thomas to heal Albagar King of Edissa Afterwards he Preached in Pontus and Mesopotamia and converted many cruel and barbarous People Lastly he came to Persia where for confounding of their Idols he was suddenly run upon and murdered by the Pagan Bishops of that Countrey He was buried at Netre a City of Armenia Simon called Chananeus Brother to Thaddeus and James the less after he had Preached in Aegypt returned to Jerusalem Whereof by the consent of the Apostles he was made Bishop after the death of his Brother James As touching his Martyrdome some say that he suffered with his Brother Judas Thaddeus in Persia others that he was through the envy of the Hereticks accused before the Consul Atticus and therefore Crucified as his Master was Mathyas after the Ascension of our Blessed Lord and Saviour was chosen by the Apostles to supply the room of Judas he was born at Bethlem and was descended of the Tribe of Juda. He Preached for the most part in Judea where at last he was falsly accused of his enemies for Perjury and was therefore condemned to be stoned to death by two men after which torment one cut him with a Hatchet which finished his Martyrdome The Four Monarchies of the World were in successive order as followeth the First was of the Assirians by Ninus about the year of the World 2220. augmented by the Queen Semiramis and afterwards it endured the Term of 1300 years it was translated by Arbactus to the Medes and there having endured 350 years it was left by Astyages and exterpated by Cyrus The Second Monarchy was of the Persians the year of the World 3425 which after it had endured 191 years was lost by Daryus and extirpated by Alexander the Great The Third Monarchy was of the Grecians founded by Alexander the Great in the year of the World 3634 and before Christ 320 years after whose death it was divided amongst the Prefects which in his life time he had appointed in divers Countries by which division Selenius King of Assyria Ptolomeus King of Aegypt Antigonus King of Asia Cassander of Macedonia and Greece all which Countries were after subdu●●… by the Romans The Fourth Monarchy or Empire was of the Romans founded by Julius Caesar in the year of the World 3914 after the building of Rome 706 years and before Christ 47 years This Monarchy flourished about the space of 470 years till that after the death of Theodosius the Great it was divided by his two Sons into two Empires Arcadius was Emperour of Constantinople which Empire endured though afterwards much diminished by the Invasions of Barbarous Nations untill the year of our Lord 1453 and then was quite lost by Constantine and conquered by Mahomet the second Emperour of the Turks Honorious was Emperour of Rome which Empire shortly after in the year of our Lord five hundred seventy-five and about the ninth Month of the Reign of Augustus was utterly ruinated by Othacar King of the Gothes And long after in the year of our Lord 801 it was restored by Charles the great and by him united to the Crown of France and by his successors Translated into Germony 〈◊〉 here it yet remaineth as a shaddow only or representation of the Majesty of the Ancient Roman Empire Measures and Wrights were found out by Sidonius as Entropius writes The same time that Procus Reigned in Albany Ahaz in Judah and Jeroboam in Hierusalem Some write that Mercury devised them in Greece Pliny ascribeth it to Phidon of Argos Gellius to Palamades Strabo to one Phidon of Elis in Arcadie Diogenes saith that Pythagoras taught the Greeks Weights and Measures but Josephus affirms that Cain first found them out Men Deified were such as from whom had been attained any