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A70800 The present state of the empire of Morocco with a faithful account of the manners, religion, and government of that people / by Monsieur de St. Olon. Pidou de Saint-Olon, Monsieur (François), 1646-1720.; Motteux, Peter Anthony, 1660-1718. 1695 (1695) Wing P2159; ESTC R24510 66,725 261

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kind Prince and the Love of his Subjects which he had industriously purchas'd prov'd only so many new Spurs to his Ambition He persuaded himself it would not be less easie to him to Conquer that State where he was already so absolute than to emerge and rise as he had done The Master 's very Treasures serv'd the ungrateful Favorite to bait those on whom he cou'd not otherwise so well depend and having thus successfully drawn them in he in a short time with ease made himself Master of the Prince of Quivian as also of his Treasures and Country and conceiving that his Death was the surest means to secure these unjust Possessions to himself he caus'd him to be made away and then rais'd an Army with which he dispos'd himself to pursue his Resentment and former Designs against his Brother Muley Mehemet who had notice given him of this did his part to prevent him and to that end having taken the Field several Battels were fought between them in which Muley Archyd having almost always worsted his Brother reduc'd him to shut himself up within the Walls of the City of Tafilet where his Grief for his Misfortunes and his Fear of his victorious Brother's Cruelty hasten'd his death Muley Archyd thus rid of his chief Competitor and in a fair way of enlarging his Conquests pursu'd his Victories with so much Courage Conduct and good Fortune that he soon made himself Master also of Sally which was a free Town and of the Kingdom of Fess Morocco and Sus some of which yielded to the Power of his Arms and the rest to the Terror which they spread over the Country He did not enjoy them so long a Time as his Age and Fortune seem'd to promise for in his own Palace and in his Fortieth Year he cou'd not avoid the stroke of Death which he had so often defi'd in the Field Having invited the Nobility on a certain Festival and drank Wine to excess with his most intimate Friends which he used to do often enough he took a fancy in this condition to Curvet in his Gardens on a fiery Horse that ran away with him with such a fury as he wheel'd about under a Walk of Orange Trees that one of their largest Branches broke his Scull and in three days put an end to his Life Good Order and Peace which that Conqueror began to establish in his Dominions were soon banish'd by that unexpected Death which happen'd in the Year 1672. For those of his Family whom he had entrusted with the Government of his Kingdoms endeavour'd to secure to themselves the respective Countries where they Govern'd but Muley Ismael who prov'd the bravest the most forward and esteem'd was also the most successful He first caus'd himself to be proclaim'd King of Tafilet took Possession of his Brother's Treasures then march'd into the Field with as many Men as he could get together and having won some by Promises or Presents overcame others by Force of Arms and made himself Master of all Of all his Competitors Muly Hamet his Nephew was reduced with most difficulty for having likewise caus'd himself to be proclaim'd King of Morocco and Sus and oppos'd him with numerous Forces this occasion'd several Sieges and Engagements which however were generally so much to his Disadvantage that at last he was forc'd to submit as well as the rest all his Attempts having only serv'd to give a greater lustre to the Conduct and undaunted Valour of this Prince who owes only to these two Qualifications the Sovereign Possession he now enjoys of all this Empire whose extent is no less considerable than its Situation It spreads it self about 250 Leagues in length from North to South and 140 in breadth from East to West Its limits on the East are the Kingdom of Algier by which 't is bounded at Tremesen on the West the Atlantic Ocean the River Dara on the South and the Mediterranean on the North if you except three Fortified Places which the Christian Princes still hold on its Coasts Ma●agan possess'd by the Portuguese on the Ocean and Ceuta and Melilla by by the Spaniards on the Mediterranean the one at the Streights-Mouth the other further up The Spaniards had not long since two other very Strong Holds on the Ocean Larache and Mamora which they have suffered to be taken from them by Muley Ismael the first in the Year 1681. the other in 1689. The English also had Tangier there near the Streights but left it some Years ago having first ruin'd its Port and Fortifications So that the most considerable Sea-Port Towns the Emperour of Morocco has on the Ocean are Santa Cruz Safy Sally Mamora Larache Arzilla and Tangier and on the Mediterranean Zaffarina and Tetuan if we may reckon the latter among the rest it being seated two Leagues within Land and an open Town without any Fortifications yet pretty well built and very populous The Inhabitants of Tetuan who are said to be upwards of Fifteen Thousand report themselves to be Andalusians and most of them speak Spanish for every one knows that the Moors were possess'd of Spain Six or Seven Hundred Years and that after many vain Endeavours which the Natives us'd to drive them out Ferdinand more Fortunate than the rest wholly subdued them and forc'd them seemingly to profess the Roman Belief while they secretly plotted the ruine of the State But Philip III. having found out their Designs expell'd them in 1610. Accordingly above One Hundred Thousand of both Sexes Young and Old left Spain and the greatest part of them having shelter'd themselves in Africa settled at Sally and Tetuan They are White-men pretty well Civiliz'd and very kind to Strangers and Christians The French Consul and all the Merchants who have a Settlement there tho' of different Nations and Religions besides the Duty of Three Crowns Levied on every Ship Tartane or Bark that touch there towards the maintaining of a little Hospital and two Spanish Recollet Monks equally contribute towards the further Charges about it There is another at Sally where the same Method is taken Of all these Sea-Ports not one can be esteem'd a good Haven Tangier Mamora and Sally might be thought the best but there is no coming thither but over a Bar or Sand that absolutely hinders all great Ships from going in for which Reason neither the King nor his Privateers can fit out any other Vessels than Brigantines or light Frigats that go a Cruising and rove on the Sea in hopes of taking some Merchant-men There never is any fix'd number of these Ships 't is greater or less as there are old ones lost or new ones built It consists now in Twelve or Thirteen of which Six belong to the King and the rest to private Persons they are generally of Eighteen or Twenty Guns the biggest not exceeding Twenty four but they have often Two hundred Men on Board yet are generally in very ill plight by reason of the want of Stores Sails
Aly and Fatima his Son-in-Law and Daughter and is prouder of this Parentage than of the long Train of Kings of his Family Which sufficiently shows that his Predecessors who us'd also to style themselves Miramoulins which signifies Emperors of the Faithful made use of a Religious Pretence for their own Establishment And now since I have mention'd this it may not be amiss to say something of their Religion The Alcoran is its Foundation and the Moors and Arabs who explain that Book after a particular way follow the ridiculous Expositions which their Doctor Melish one of the four Chiefs of Mahomet's Sect has left them of it grounding their Faith on certain Fundamental Points without which they give out 't is impossible to be sav'd They hold that there is but One GOD without any Trinity of Persons that JESUS CHRIST was a great Prophet born of a Virgin whose Name was Mary that his Incarnation was such as we believe it and even foretold her by the Arch-Angel Gabriel God's Embassador that he was the holiest of Men and wrought many Miracles but that he did not die as we believe having been assum'd into Heaven where he is in Body and Soul and that when Judas would have betray'd him to the Jews one of his Disciples whom God caus'd to appear in his likeness was crucified in his stead and that 't is this Disciple we adore They also believe that the same Jesus Christ is to return to live forty Years on Earth to re-unite all Nations under one Belief that he will be laid in the Tomb which Mahomet caus'd to be plac'd on the Right-hand of his that those who profess'd the Doctrine of Christ till Mahomet's Coming shall be sav'd but that what we now believe differs from what he taught which also the persecuting Jews kept him from bringing to Perfection and that therefore those who will not follow the Precepts of their Prophet whom they call God's great Favorite and the Explainer of his Will and who was sent by God only to finish what the other had but begun are to be damn'd eternally They admit the Books of Moses the Psalms of David the Gospel as Sergius has expounded it to them and the Alcoran as Holy Writ They believe a Heaven and a Hell the Resurrection and Predestination placing the Eternal Blessings that are to be the Reward of the Faithful in a sight of the Sovereign Being of his Angels and of Mahomet and besides in the Enjoyment of Seventy Virgins with whom they are continually to be wrapt in Extasies of Delight without impairing or rather annihilating their Virginity they are also fondly possess'd with the Hopes of indulging their Appetites with all sorts of most delicious Food and of bathing themselves in Rivers of Milk Honey and Rose-Water nay they even believe that the very Excrements of the Body shall evaporate in most grateful Sweats and that they are to take up their Lodging in Banquetting-Houses and stately Palaces built with Pearl and precious Stone They have a Lent or Ramadan which lasts thirty Days and keep it so strictly that they do not only religiously abstain from eating or drinking the least thing from the very dawn to the first appearance of the Stars on the Evening but also forbear smoaking Tobacco and smelling any Perfumes indeed I must needs own that they make themselves large amends for this abstinence at Night passing it generally at that time in all manner of Luxury and Licentiousness On the Eve of that Ramadan they prepare themselves for its observation by publick Rejoycings that are attended with discharges of Fusils and Muskets and with repeated Acclamations of Allah more like Howlings than joyful Shouts every one of them watches that he may be the first who discovers the Moon and they fire their Muskets at that Planet as soon as they perceive it which done they meet to say their Prayers with their Marabot at the head of them and kneel rise and prostrate themselves on the ground several times still turn'd towards the East They have three Easters which they keep Holy for seven days together however without abstaining from Buying or Selling as they do on Fridays that are their Lord's Days The first Easter is kept on the first day of the Moon that comes after their Ramadan and if it happens to fall on a Saturday which is the Sabbath of the Jews those of that Nation in this Empire are oblig'd to present the King with a Hen and ten Chickens of Gold or with the value of them in Money On the first Day of that Easter the King commonly causes all the Prisoners in the Town where he then is to be brought before him and either Absolves them or puts them to death according to their Crimes and the humour he is in He put Twenty Criminals to death after this manner on the third Day of this Easter which happen'd to be the fourth after my arrival at Mickeness The second Easter which they call The Great is twenty Days after that of Ramadan They use then to sacrifice to Mahomet as many Sheep as there are Male Children in each Family and this in Memory of the Sacrifice which was offer'd by Abraham the Father of Ismael the Patriarch of the Arabian Sarazens from whom they believe their Prophet's Mother deriv'd her Original The King makes a publick Ceremony of it at a Chappel or as they term it at a Saint about a quarter of a League from Mickeness but with the addition of this superstitious Circumstance As soon as the Sheep's Throat has been cut for they take great care not to kill otherwise all the Animals they are to eat believing they wou'd not bleed enough another way which wou'd make them impure and forbidden Flesh As soon I say as the Sheep's Throat has been cut a Moor on Horse-back takes it wraps it up in a Cloth and gallops away with it full speed to the Alcassave which is the King's Palace Now if when he is got thither the Sheep is still alive they draw a good Omen from it and there is great rejoycing But if it die by the way then every one goes home very doleful and there is an end of the Festival The third Easter which falls always three Moons and two Days after the second is kept in honour of Mahomet's Birth and on its first Day the Moors eat Hasty-Pudding in remembrance of that which was eaten by that Prophet They light great numbers of Lamps and Wax Tapers in the Mosques on the Night before that Easter and all their Talbes or Priests sing his Praise without ceasing till Morning They Solemnize St. John Baptist's Day by Bonefires which they make in their Gardens where they burn a great deal of Incense round their Fruit-Trees to entitle them to the Blessing of Heaven They admit of Circumcision but neither fix the Age of those that are to be Circumcis'd nor the time when They all say the Sala or Prayer which they also call the