to the Literal Sense of the Divine Testimony Gen. 8. 4. And the ark rested on the twenty seventh day of the seventh month on the mountains of Armenia that is to say on the Mount Ararat which we know admits of a large Interpretation It contains in it Iberia Albania and Colchis which latter as it abounded in the days of King Aegeas with Massy Treasures which occasioned that perilous Voyage of the Argonauts under Jason for the Golden Fleece so now it remains fruitful in all manner of Nature's Riches flowing with Milk and Honey and stored with Pastures Corn Woods and Cattel but I hear of no other Discoveries either of Gold or Silver made there since Their Country formerly enjoyed mighty Kings and Potentates and some the most Pious in Story among whom Abagares is related to have wrote an Answer to an Epistle of our Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ which thing whether a Figment or no is not in my Power to determine Yet thus much I am sure of that neither Riches Honour or High Birth make any either happier or better unless this World's Goods be seasoned with a Mind endued with Virtue and Moderation suitable to such extraordinary Benefits The next Neighbours The Georgians if not the same with the Armenians were the Iberians now called Georgians who underwent the same Calamities with them but with a contrary Disposition of Humour being a Martial People bred up to the Wars and now serve the Emperor as his best Infantry of these Forty thousand are at present in Arms under Military Pay in and about Spahaun Their Country at this time bears the Name of Gurgestan from whence they are Christen'd Georgians not from the famous St. George but because they follow Husbandry 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 They were converted to the Christian Faith near the same time with the Armenians which they still retain and maintain their State and Country but both Christianity and their Country are past their Vertical Point and are upon their Declension Their Princes to uphold their Prerogative are inclined to submit to the Persian Yoke with the Ignominy of Apostatizing rather than by a stout defiance resist the Temptations and Allurements of Government under the Mahometan Bestiality Such Power has the Ambitious Thirst of Rule They are Proper Fresh-colour'd Well-limb'd People Their Women so Fair and Beautiful that the Queen-Mother is always of the Family of the Georgian Princes and for that reason is it their Children are so often sold to Insidels because they make good Markets of them Mars has the Ascendent over this Nation as Mercury has over the Armenians There is therefore an inveterate Contrariety of Tempers between them Of a different humour from the Armenians and since the Armenians deserted the Greek Church this Breach is widen'd being impatient at the performance of each others Services in the Churches the Georgians frequently interrupting them in their Devotions and doing despite to their Altars on their most Publick Solemnities Such Absurdities does Religion introduce which should be the only means to cement and unite Mankind in the Bond of Humanity The Blame whereof must chiefly lye at the doors of their Prelates whose Obstinacy and Perverseness abdicating all Force of Reason are guided by no other Impulse than the present Enjoyments of this Life and keep on foot particular Piques and Animosities purposely to distract and vex the Church thereby to carry on their own Interest or Ambition Otherwise how should it come to pass that those baptized under the same Symbol and in many and the most difficult Points of Religion are agreeing should not be all of one Mind in every respect unless the Idle Dreams and Malicious Practices of the Inorthodox should inculcate Debates and sow Divisions only to be Head of a Party On which occasion How far the Pope is concerned here whether the Pope hath been aiding or studious to compose these Differences I know not But sure I am as it is the Duty of a good King that would avoid the Imputation of a Tyrant so to govern that the Laws as well as Arms should be a Safeguard to his People that have intrusted themselves to his Protection not only to defend them in time of War but conserve them by those wholsome Sanctions in time of Peace so is it the Office of the Chief Pastor to instruct the People committed to his Charge with the saving knowledge of sound Doctrine and then by an Exemplary and Christian Conversation to pray for the Expiation of their Sins by the Death and Merits of our Saviour Christ the only acceptable Sacrifice on that score incontinently imploring an happy and perpetual Union of the Mystical Body of the Church Militant here on Earth and persisting in an holy Presidency all the days of his Life By which method they will clear to the World what is their end as the Apostle did 2 Cor. 1â—â—6 when he told the Corinthians he sought not their Earthly Substance but their Eternal Welfare And were this the design of either the Pope or their Patriarchs we could not find fault with the Emissaries of the one or the Conduct of the others compassing Sea and Land to make Proselytes but for having gained them they become sevenfold worse Children of the Devil than before Nor to speak truth are the Popelings slothful in these Parts At Jelfa is a College of the Jesuits and both in Georgia and Armenia they have had many Monasteries beyond the Euxine Sea as far as the Chersonese looking towards Scythia at the City Theodosia now called Caffa but these Places being over-run with the Turks and Persians they were expelled thence by the Cruelty of the Heathens on one hand and Persuasion of the Hereticks of the several forementioned Sects on the other that they were at last crowded into the Province only of Nockshuan in the greater Armenia three days Journy from Erewan where are only left in Ten poor Villages as many starveling Convents of the Order of the Dominicans settled by Bishop Bartholomew sent out by Pope John the 22d to reconcile the Armenians to that See But he could obtain no more than the reducing his own Order to that Obedience which lest they should be wholly extirpated the succeeding Popes provide for them Eleemosynaries by way of Goa Besides these some say the Pope defrays the Charges of those at Spahaun of whom we have spoken before from whence it is needless if they be content with what may serve to be instrumental to honest Studies for the King is their Almoner And as he is bountiful to these for their seeming Integrity and pious Behaviour so he is munificent to the Handicrafts-men which come from Europe to these he has given large Salaries and graceful Houses in Jelfa besides their peculiar Offices at Court where they attend when in waiting All these when they encounter one another The way of Salute pay the Civility of uncovering the Head but salute the Moors after
their Church Their Funerals The Burial of Self-murderers Their Antiquity The Georgians of a different Temper from the Armenians The way of Salute Nunneries at Jelfa CHAP. VII Gives us a Sight of the Palace and Rarities there Our Entertainment by the French Artizans in the Emperor's Service The Diversions of the Place and its Product And the Close of the Year with its Seasons THE greaâ— Garden at the end of the Charbaâ—g Wild Beasts for the Emperor's Diversion The Rhinoceros not the Indian Onager The Abassin Ass mistaken for the Sabean The Flower of Ispahaun meet a-nights in the Walk belonging to the Palace The French Artizans divert us River-Fishes The Hedghog Water-Fowl Muscovia-Hawks Greyhounds No Woods or Forests about Spahaun An Eclypse of the Sun The Suburbs A Third Bridge We were two days in compassing Spahaun Change of Weather Catalogue of Plants growing at Spahaun Sharp Winters here Use of Stoves in Persia A pure Air without Soil The Death of the President The Agent succeeds at Surat Artifices of the Dutch CHAP. VIII Brings us to Gombroon in the midst of Winter The Caun's Pranks there The Hot Baths at Genoe The Aequinox and Seasons attending Some Parallel betwixt this Coast and the Indian A New Agent arrives VAllies filled with Snow We defend our selves with Furs At Chuldâ—star a Camel mad with Lust Obedah a Town of Vinyards Conacaraw and Dehid Conacurgu and Mushat The cold Weather makes our Indian Servants useless We begin to lose the Winter The Air grows thick Our English Mastiffs master their Lions We returned to Gombroon The English President affronted by the Caun The Banyans fly his Tyranny Going to Asseen we visit the Hot Baths of Genoe Their Virtues Two Hospitals built at the Charge of two Banyans All Waters partake of the Conditions of the Earth through which they pass Mineral Waters Their differences The Medical Benefits of these Baths Noe-Rose The Air moist Indian Plants grow here The Portugal Fleet and our new Agent arrive CHAP. IX We go up in the Spring with our New Agent to Ispahaun Two Irish Greyhounds sent as a Present to the Emperor We leave the Agent there and return in the Fall THE hasty Removal of the Agent the Cause of his Sickness and his Followers A notable Robbery Diary Fevers Colocynthis The Tarantula Pains in the Joints and putrid Fevers occasion'd as well by the Water as Air. Drinking in Ice a destructive Custom The Agent leaves Siras I fall sick On my Recovery I set forward for Spahaun Polygore and Aubgurrum Imaum Zadah Want of Rain Heste Behest Paradise upon Earth Murmuring against the Government The King's Steward restored to Favour The Physician hanged Irish Greyhounds a Present for the Emperor Colums the Forerunner of the Winter Crows of several Colours Monuments of Robbers The Air as well as Food the Cause of Birds keeping one place The Old and New Moon visible in twelve hours time in hot Countries to the North. The Years centre in our Winter CHAP. X. A Voyage to Congo for Pearl A Discourse of their Generation Departure from Persia and Return to India WE come to Congo A Dearth in the Water as well as on Land We come again to Bunder Abassee The Pearl The Adulteration Its Names The kinds of Pearl Cheripo or Seed-Pearl Chanquo or Mother of Pearl Scallop Its Properties It s Dignity and Value The Prices and Sizes We undergo difficulties in our passage back to India through Negligence of the Pilots The Present State of PERSIA CHAP. XI Gives the various Names Situation c. ITS Names Situation and Bounds Temper of the Air. High Mountains Their Four-footed Beasts Wild-Fowl Fishes The Valleys made fruitful by the Snow from the Hills Plants Tobacco Manufactories Persian Pearls the best Gombroon Earthen Ware the best next to the China Lapis Lazuli Tutiae Manatae Bole. Marble Naptha Minerals Rivers Springs Little Rain Showers of Sand. Dew turn'd to Manna Cities Houses Spahaun proposed as a Patern of their Politicks Shaw Abas well advised in the choice of it for the Imperial City The Cauns Etimundoulet or Chancellor A Janiseen Deputy Caun The Droger The Calenture The Cadi or Cazy Spahaun the chief Empory The Citizens humbled Courtiers and Soldiers great Their Caravans No Priority at Church Bath or Caravan The Gelabdars not so esteemed in Persia as the Caphala Bashee in Turâ—y Their Temples Colleges Hummums or Balneo's The Coffee-houses CHAP. XII Of the present Inhabitants c. THE present Persians Scythians Jews here ever since the Captivity On the Death of the Emperor the new one causes his Brothers and near Relations Eyes to be put out Nobles by Birth among the Persians The Government Hierarchical Whereon is grounded the Emperor's Security His Wealth His Course of Life His Name and Genealogy The Suffees introduced from whom Spahaun is called Suffahaun Oppositions made by the Turkish Sect. The English sack Ormus by Surprize Articles of Agreement between the English and the Persians Vengeance pursues the Enterprizers Shaw Abas kills his Son Mirza The present Emperor given up to Debauchery The way of receiving Ambassadors The Procession of the Seraglio or Haram The Cruelty of the Black Eunuchs The Cavalry Their Arms and manner of fighting The Suffees Church-Militants Their Order created to check the Saieds Their Habit and the Persians Standard White and Red. Their Privileges Other Knights The Watchmen The Navy CHAP. XIII Of their Book-men and Books Of their Religion and Religious Worship Of their Notions in Philosophy Of Heaven and Hell Their Astronomers Physicians and Lawyers A Learned Clerk rare The School-Language Their Books written with a Pen not printed Pens made of Reeds Education of Youth Preposterous way of learning Emulation in gaining Disciples Logick Their Physicks Metaphysicks Books in esteem Mahomet's Revelations Assisted by Sergius the Monk His blasphemous Opinions Friday his Sabbath Polygamy The Mufti His Revenue His Authority The Talman or Mullah Their Funerals more pompous than the Turkish Sects are Their Tribes clarified by Pilgrimage Their Names given by the Parents No Garb to distinguish their Clerks How they are maintained Their Limners Historians Alchymy Mathematicks Necromancy Astrologers Astronomy A Pithonissa Several sorts of Daemons Longitude and Latitude Dialling Musick Medicks Anatomy rejected The Suffees Death required of his Physician Their Prescripts What Purges approved What Authors in esteem They are unskilful in Chyrurgery Endemial Diseases Large quantities of Opium eaten at a time Their Lawyers The Cadi A Corrupt Judge Lex Talionis Drubbing on the Soles of the Feet They buy their Wives Are often divorced All Contracts made before the Cadi Usury forbid by Mahomet Yet his Disciples are cruel Extortioners The Cheik The Codre Guilty of Bribery and Injustice Their Paradise Their Hell The Progress of their Religion The Souls of Men superior to Brutes Cannot embrace a Carnal Religion but an Holy Pure and Spiritual which is no where to be found but in Christianity Success no Argument CHAP. XIV The
Heavens with this Advertisement In hoc Signo tantum vinces whereupon he became the first Christian Emperor defending that Religion against all its Adversaries For which miraculous Conversion they find now as the Christians then did Matter for Thanksgiving For their Patriarch and Martyr St. Gregory on the 9th of June they afflict themselves for his being soaked Six Days and on the Seventh they magnify his more than Human Patience Before the Transfiguration of our Saviour on the 19th of June they Fast and end that Day with a Feast From the 18th of August for the Death of the Blessed Virgin they have instituted six days of Mourning and the next after is a Thanksgiving for her being translated from this Life to a better On the 17th of September they reiterate their Devotions for the Dead which is preceded by six days of strict Penance On the same day they commemorate St. Helen's Invention of the Cross at Jerusalem being Empress to the forementioned Constantine St. Guywark has a Fast of the same length and a Feast at the end of it on the 26th of the same Month. The 17th of November they put themselves on distress for the Health and Safety of their Cattle to free them from Rot and pray for their Increase this at first lasted but seven days but it is now so many Weeks all which time they keep Lent Last of all for St. James they are grievously concerned six days together and are content with one day only to Feast on So that the Year round there are more Fasting than Feasting-days Through all these Scenes Time keeps jogging on and it is appointâ—d for all men once to dye at which Article the Neighbours and Acquaintance Their Funerals especially those of the Blood come to bewail and weep for the loss of their Friend or Relation when and not till then the Parish-Priest is sent for that he should pray by him and put him into an happy Posture of Departure by minding him of his Soul's Health notwithstanding his Bodily Indisposition which being recommended into the same Hands that bestowed it and having taken its Flight from Earth to its assigned Place there are no Words made of Anatomizing or Embalming the Body but washing it often with Aromatick Waters while it is purified and kept clean and then apparelling it as when alive in its best Cloaths it is wrapped about with a Sheet and bound with Swathings to the Bier his Arms being first placed across over which is thrown a Pall of divers Colours The Parish-Priest with his Collegues and others bearing Ensigns of Saintâ— and the Chanters singing manage the Solemnity and lead the Way to the Church no matter whether before or after Noon immediately after these the Bearers bring the Corps when many of the Funeral Train with Heads hung down and smiting of their Breasts make a dismal Cry Being entred the Church-Porch the Prior of the Convent with his Associates receive the Procession a Vortobeed being present who leads the Choir up to the High Altar the Body being left on the Bier among the Women while they say High Mass and perform the Office for the Dead In the mean time the Relict or next of Kin to the Defunct uncovering his Face and throwing by the Burial-Cloaths with neglected Dress and disshevel'd Hair falls on the Face of the Dead deploring the Loss of her Father Husband or Relation by often kissing his cold Lips and piteously lamenting which is seconded in so mournful a Consort by all the other Women that one would think the Shades themselves could not entertain their new-come Guests with a more doleful Dirge Thus she continues and hardly suffers her self to be pulled away till Mass is said and the Vortobeeds are turning towards the Coarse when all the Women are driven out of the Church and Candles lighted are given to every Man there The Vortobeed standing at the Head the other Clergy possess the Sides and the Prior with his Fellows enclose the Feet At the Reading the Epistle and Gospel they change their Cope Mantle and Hood and Whine them forth as also does the Prior when he chants the Liturgy to whose Key the other Priests tune the Responses In the Interim they Fumigate the Body with holy Incense and sprinkle it with holy Water which Ceremonies being ended the Bearers are ready to carry the Body to the Burial-place far from the Town before which only one Vortobeed with the Parish Priests in course and their Clerks with Tapers lighted compleat the Exequies and commit it to the Ground As if they had respect to the Law of the Twelve Tables Mortuum infrà Vrbem ne sepelito neve urito Though more truly to the Emperor's Commands who has granted them Ground for that purpose with a strict Injunction to bury no where else Those whose Cowardice has made their Lives uneasy either by Temper or Misfortune and thereby precipitated their Deaths by laying Violent Hands on themselves The Burial of Self-Murderers are reproached with this odd distinction in their Funeral from other Mortals in what part of the House soever they are found to commit this Self-Murder there the Wall is broken down to make a Passage to their Graves signifying thereby That if they would not expect the common Period of Life with other Men they ought to be carried forth by an unaccustomed Way and not through the Doors of the House throwing them unconcernedly and unpitied into any Pit like the Burial of a Dog without any Solemnity Thus having dispatched the Formalities attending every Stage of Life something ought to be mentioned of the Excellencies of their Minds and Faculties and how far qualified in common with the rest of Mankind In order hereunto first may be considered their Propensity to Languages they making Syriac Arabic Turkish and Persian their own at Home and by Lingua-Franca become conversant with most of the Western Foreigners which Language is a Mixture of Portugueze Italian French and Spanish and thereby made intelligible to European Traders as universally as Latin to the Gentry and Scholars So that it has often been Matter of Wonder to hear a Merchant disown any Skill in the above recited Speeches yet converse severally with those of each Nation They as much hate the Greek Language as their Church although they derive their Armenian Elegancies from its Themes But what cannot Religion persuade Because they have dissented in Opinions therefore do they abhor the very Words of the Greek In Philosophy they utter some Specious and Trifling Things but nothing Pithy or Nervous Some things they boast of Antiquity Their Antiquity For Armenia famous heretofore for many notable Transactions owns Japhet as its first Founder and Planter or as others will have it to grow from Aram the Son of Sem However it is certain that after the General Deluge it was inhabited by the Sons of Noah and it afforded Landing-place for all Living Creatures after their Transport from the Ark according
the Gentus endure rather than endeavour the recovery of their former Liberty and to subvert it from a Monarchy into an Aristocracy Their King reigning is a Moor raised to the Throne from the lowest ebb of Fortune For it being in the breast of the Regent to appoint his Successor Their King a Chias Moor. his Predecessor on defect of his own Children raised him by the practice of Siegmanjaffa his Chief Eunuch who are made in this Kingdom the prime Ministers of State partly to strengthen his own Interest by ingratiating with the Heir Apparent and partly out of gratitude to the Young man's Father a Great Man and of the Bloud-Royal who when alive was the promoter of Siegmanjaffa This same Prince of the Chias or Sophian Extract was raked out of the Embers of Oblivion Where you must note All Noblemens Estates fall to the King at their Deaths That though his Father expired a Blazing Comet in the Court yet at the death of any Nobleman his Wealth falls all into the King's hands whereby this poor Gentleman for a long time lived an obscure and miserable Life no one taking his word for the Victuals he put into his Belly But upon the old King's importunity for one to sway the Scepter after him of his own Line Siegmanjaffa urged him and placed him poor and lean as he was where the King might see him but not he the King At first the King rejected him as having no promising look still Siegmanjaffa interceded and desired his Lord to allow him like a Gentleman and see to what use he would expend his Money Which condescended to a Brachmin who are become the Farmers of the King's Rents was dispatched to offer him the Loan of Money which he willingly accepted of and therewith put himself into an handsome Equipage both for Apparel and Attendants which specious Shews recommend here more than profoundness of parts and withal Fed and Whored which is a great point of Manhood as well as the best of them Wherefore after a short time he was again brought into the King's Presence who now began to have some hopes of him and therefore to try him farther he gave him a constant supply of Money and bad Siegmanjaffa put him on some laudable Enterprize in his Army of which Siegmanjaffa was General which he undertook with much Alacrity and behaved himself with that Gallantry that at length the Old King sent him a Tipstaff with a Royal Robe requiring him to come to Court in one of the King 's own Palenkeens At which he was dismay'd Saying he should never return to his House again However by Siegmanjaffa's encouragement he apparelled himself and rode on the King 's Palenkeen His Jealousy was grounded on a barbarous Custom of the Eastern Monarchs who when any Subject becomes suspected send them alike honourable Presents with those in Favour The barbarous Custom of Poysoning among the Eastern Monarchs which in their receit only shall testify to the World the King's Displeasure though they whom they are designed for live not to know the cause being poysoned by them before they can plead for themselves But he was assured no ill Intentions were towards him when speaking with the King face to face he declared him his Successor to the Crown which not long after he was established in by the Death of his Master His Residence is at Gulconda Gulconda is the Metropolis and gives Name to the Kingdom The Prime Minister an Eunuch The Wealth how raised the Metropolis and bearing the Name of the Kingdom fifteen days journey West from hence Under him Siegmanjaffa orders the whole Realm amassing great Treasures though he himself pays Homage to the Great Mogul exacting every Man's Estate when he pleases mulcting them at his own Will squeezing the common People to perfect Penury Besides the Reversions of Great Mens Estates he has large Revenues from his Diamond Mines which he lets out yearly to those bid most His Expences are inconsiderable The Army how paid his Subjects in their distinct Provinces maintaining his Soldiers of whom he has a standing Army of an Hundred thousand Horse and Foot when all together besides Two hundred Elephants in continual readiness which are provided for by the Farmers of his Revenues All that he consumes is on his Voluptuousness with which he is swallowed up The Kingdom of Gulconda extends from 10 deg The bigness of the Kingdom North Latitude to 19 deg ½ along the Coasts of Coromandel and up into the Country Three hundred Course which is a Mile and a quarter though in some places thinly inhabited The next in Dignity to Siegmanjaffa The Governor of Mechlapatan is the Governor of Mechla patan an Eunuch also and a Slave to Siegmanjaffa who came through the Town while we were here waited on by a Noble Train besides Soldiers and Followers having an Elephant led before his Palenkeen which none presume to do unless the King honour them therewith nor to ride on any but Females unless of the Royal Family who may only mount a Male to ride in State through their Cities His Substitute here is a Chias Moor who takes charge of the Stores every Night Over the Gentues they keep a strict hand entrusting them with no Place of Concern using them as Mechanicks and Servitors to few of them attributing the Title of Merchants though in this Town of Moors and Persians there are many Owners of good Trading Vessels The Persians have planted themselves here through the Intercourse of Traffick as well as Arms The Persians Favourites at Court being all of them at their first coming low in Condition but inspired by the Court-Favour and making one of their own Nation always their Executors they arrive to Preferment Nor are any of these so exempted when they grow too rich to be deplumated by the same hand Their way of living is truly Noble Their Port and Grandeur having a Retinue which bespeaks their Greatness as they rise in Fortune or the King's Grace Magnaque est Comitum aemulatio quibus primus ad Principem locus Principum cui acerrimi plurimi Comites Haec dignitas hae vires magno semper electorum juvenum globo circumdari in pace decus in bello praeâ—idium Each contending to have the most numerous and handsomest Fellows for Attendance their Pride at home and abroad their Safeguard However The East-India Company Factors for the English Honour be it spoke none of them surpass the Grandeur of our East-India Company who not only command but oblige their utmost Respect none of their Servants shewing themselves in Publick without a Company answerable to theirs and exceeding them in Civility of Garb and Manners When the Chief made his Entry at his Return from the Fort it was very Pompous all the Merchants of Esteem going to meet him with loud Indian Musick and Led-Horses Before his Palenkeen an Horse of State and two St. George's Banners with
contradicted in despight of both seizing it by Force with Three Files of Soldadoes For which cause I was tied to the Consort of croaking Frogs Prodigious great Frogs making so hideous a Noise that I took little Rest this Night When Day broke I could hardly believe my Eyes for Bulk or Ears for Sound exceeding ours incredibly and to raise the Wonder this Night was the first of the Rains before which none were heard Wherein Pliny may be trusted better than in some other Reports for speaking de Ranis he says Mirum semestri vitâ resolvuntur in limum nullo cernente rursus vernis aquis renascuntur quae fuere natae proinde occultâ ratione cum omnibus annis id eveniat Et Aristot de Gen. Anim cap. 4. Generantur autem in terrâ humore animalia plantae quoniam humor in terrâ spiritus in humore calor animalis in universo est ita ut quodammodo animaâ—um plena sunt omnia Sic Ovidius Semina limus habet virides generantia ranas Who all consent to the possibility of the thing the prolifick Virtue lying hid in the slimy Matter till a conjunction of fit Causes dispose it for suddain Action Walking the Quarters of my Lodgings The Nure-Tree a more delightful and as unusual a Prospect attracted my Animadversion a great Tree full of stringy red Flowers set in open Calices upon a long Stalk like budding Grapes which before the Sun had collected much force I saw begin to fall in showers upon the Ground desiring to handle one Bough I observed them fixed still they upon the Tree dropped till all was shedded and the Ground strewed with them which a Brachmin carefully gathered up to reserve for a Physical use but more truly out of Superstition paying Rent for the Privilege This Wonder is renewed daily they Blossoming in the Night and contrary almost to all other Plants are disgusted with the Sun-beams drooping in the day which is like the Arbor Tristis at St. Thomas his Mount only the Flowers of that are White and Sweet and this Red and indifferently Scented the Leaves of the Tree resemble those of a Walnut in the Country Nomenclature it is called Nure of what Virtue I cannot learn Discharging here my Oxen Cruelty to their Beasts which I hired of a Gentue who though they will not Kill their Neat make no Conscience to Work them to Death allowing them hardly Food to keep them alive Neither are they less Inhuman toward their Sick Inhumanity to their Sick a Woman being brought to die among the Tombs in my sight pretended to be done to avoid the Governor 's troubling the Family where she lived a Dancing Wench for Money they making themselves Heirs to their Estates when they die Non ad eundem finem quem Herodotus ait uti Antiquiores Aegyptii aegrotos suos non ad medicos sed in compita publicas vias deferebant populum praetereuntem pro morborum curatione consulturi Not for that purpose as Herodotus presumes the Egyptians brought not their Sick to Physicians but laid them in the Streets and publick Passages that the People passing by might be consulted for their Cure Every Third Hour I had the din of a Man of God of the Moors The Moor-men Priests follow Trades permitted to come hither to call them to Prayers as he cried aloud he stopped his Ears with his Fingers that he might emit his Voice with the more strength and less disturbance to himself experience thereby directing us to hear our own Sounds the better and some Anatomists tell us Nature has framed a Cartilaginous passage from the hollow of the Drum of the Ear to the process of the outward part of the cuneal Bone reaching to the Palat which being open may possibly divert the Noise but whether this do help or is understood by them yet this they do Practise and this Afternoon their Sanctum Sanctorum was open the Priest entring in Barefoot and Prostrating himself on the Mats spread on the Floor whither I must not have gone could his Authority have kept me out the Walls were white and clean but plain only the Commandments wrote in Arabick in the West-end were hung on a Table over an Arched Place where the Priest Expounds on an Ascent of Seven Steps railed at top with Stone very handsomely It is supported within with Four substantial Pillars of Timber well carved the Roof all Wood with a square Hole over the Pulpit Underneath are fine cool Vaults and Stone Stairs to descend to a deep Tank where this Priest was following the Occupation of making such Paper as they use which after he had steeped Cotton Rags in Water he by beating brought it into the form of Paper and cutting them or slicing the Mass into Sheets was pasting them up on the Stone-sides of the Mosque next the Sun to dry after which they are polished and glazed and so made fit for their use In the Evening I saw the reason of our stay this day A Pragmatical Portugal hindred me Embarking a Pragmatical Portugal fled to this Place for designing the death of a Fidalgo in the front of 40 Men marching to the Governor 's his Name Pedro Sylvio a Rich Lout no Gentleman Besides these he keeps as a Guard to his Body he has a Bloudy Leash of Cofferies imployed to be revenged on his Antagonist at Baçein here he acts without Controle and is about to accept of Pay under Seva Gi he being courted thereto because he is a bold desperate Fellow the fitter Instrument to ruin his Nation In the mean time here arriving a Bombaim Boat A Bombaim Shebar carries me to Bombaim she was presently disburthened of her Lading and I Embarqued and the 26th of May came abreast of Tanaw the Pass here being another main Impediment to the intended Trade up the Country with the Moors which had we in our possession according to the Contract with Portugal we might the easier make Seva Gi comply and more than that find Lordships for Englishmen where they might live contentedly and not be beholden to Foreign Supplies for Provisions By Three the next Morning I Anchored against the Bunder at Bombaim and Landed presently after Travally-Beat delivering my Letter from the Caun to the President Here rode an Europe Ship called the Fleece What Europe Ships I found in the Road. which lost her Passage last Year coming too late out of England and about Noon the Rainbow arrived they being both forced to put in at Bombass an Island of the Portugals on the Coast of Melinda which produces excellent Ivory and other Miracles from whence they failed together till just on this Shore a Storm separated them the Fleece gaining this Port the Rainbow fell first in with Surat and to Day came to an Anchor here Thus if I have been too prolix in this Narrative The Conclusion I must beg your pardon for endeavouring to satisfy you on two
is Eight Pharsangs whither we came in a Day by the help of our Shooters or Pooâ—men guiding us whose Bells our Horses followed when we durst not peep out to direct them Here a large Camel raging with Lust for the Female as his Keeper was â—eeding him with Past of Barly Meal made into Balls he got his whole Arm into his Mouth and had not there been present a great many ready for his Relief he had been destroyed by him This Fury lasts Fâ—â—cy Days when they Foam at the Mouth and are very Unruly at other times nothing being more Governable From hence to Obedah are Six Pharsangs Obedah a Town of Vineyards it is a large Village abounding with Vineyards which reach as far as Zermaw Four Pharsangs farther hitherto we Travelled Carpet-way all the Ground being covered with Snow and most an end the Sun obscured and sometimes the Clouds falling in fleâ—cy White Rain as the poor Indians express it who were almost starved to Death by the excessive Cold and stormy Blasts from the Mountains At Conaâ—â—â—aw Conacaraw and Dâ—hid Eight Pharsangs more it began to clear up though we seemed to carry the Winter with us there having been little afore our Arrival and at Dâ—hid Six Pharsangs more we left the Plains on the Hills all along Planted with Vines to ascend the piled Pâ—â—â—â—cae now covered with Snow horribly bleak and perilously cold with frosty Winds that either Pole might possibly be more tolerable they being fenced with Thicker Air this being so sharp that it passed our skill to keep our Skins whole for if the Sun did favour one side the other side was shaved with cruel Blasts nor did that fare better which was exposed to the scorching Beams that had we not been provided with the Pomatum mentioned before the Butter of the greater cool Seeds we had been in a sore condition but Anointing our Hands and Face going to Bed the next Morning healed them At Conacurgu we found a Bridge necessary to pass upon the dissolving of the Snow from the Ridges of the Hills Conacurgu and Mushat and tracing the Mountains we came in Eight Phâ—â—sangs 〈◊〉 Mushat notable for the Scpulchre of one of their Twelve Apostles to their false Prophet here we were glad to take up in a Farmer 's House in an Apartment whereof having caused a Fire to be kindled where I was to lie my Servant after I was in Bed and asleep hulking about the Fire fell with his Felt Coat being Drowsy upon the Embers which Burning made such a smother that I was almost stifled in the close Room before I could find the Way out yet he lay Snoaring and unconcerned when I could not get rid of the stench in my Throut some Days after The Day following we by Two Bridges crossed Two Rivers more or it may be the same that run to Bindamire and in a rainy wet Day took up our Lodgings at Zevan but Five Pharsangs and the next Day saw Persâ—polis again entring the Plain by Two Pillars upon whose Cornish was delineated double-headed Horses as far as the Chest leaving those Ruins Quintus Curtius so much Celebrated despoiled of their Riches we went through Meergoscoon at the backside whereof the Plain was covered all along with Wild-Fowl which were so Tame they would almost permit us to knock them on the head with our Sticks not offering to stir till we came on them they being not used to be disturbed At Night we reached Zergoon through slippery and slabby Way and the Day after we brought with us the first Snow to Siras Here we rested Five Days The Cold Weather makes our Indian Servants useless having lost Two Mules and One Pack-horse out of Seven and twenty and One Houshold-Servant out of Ten that attended us another we left behind at Moxutebeggy who was our Cook and had it not been for the French Chirurgeon we had been put to our shifts he both shooting and dressing most of our Victuals after the most exquisite French Way of Cookery Nor must any of us at this time take State upon him for our Servants not used to such Weather became rather an Impediment than Help to us listless and loth to stir but always crowding in among us cringing and never at ease but when about the Fire not to be rowz'd on any occasion rather looking for Service from us by whose Slothfulness we became as lowsy as Beggars their huge Shags harbouring such Vermin and they by no means being to be drove out out of our Company but laid themselves a-nights on the same Floor with us In this short space the Sun began to recover Strength dissolving the Snow as fast as it fell Having shifted our Lowzy Companions they began to brisk up by degrees as they felt the Warmth to increase upon them Here our Interpreter a Georgian Soldier and a Carmelite Friar joined us the French Chirurgeon being bound for Bunder Reek left us And the 29th of January shaking off the hospitable Impertinencies of such as followed us out of the City we gained that Night Bobba-Hodge and the next Day travelled Fasting for the Execrable Death of the Martyr Charles the First which something discountenanced the Carmelite seeing a Table spread as Customary at Noon and not an Englishman to eat a Bit or drink a Drop but being informed of the Reason he was more amazed saying He wonder'd at our Strictness since on their Fasting-days they were allowed a Buccado of Sweetmeats and a Glass of Wine before Noon and at Noon a small Repast and so likewise in the Afternoon but at Night a good plentiful Supper With the latter part we promised we would agree with him but for the other we thought there was no great Restraint put upon Nature On the last Day of the Month we found Caifar a pleasant Village bearing the first Fruitful Palm this Way where the Myrtle and the Orange-Tree is always Green yielding Flowers in Blossoms Ripe and Green Fruit all at one and the same time Here springs up the Bell-Flower Violet and Primrose so that we may now sing with Horace Solvitur acris hyems gratâ vice veris Favoni Ode IV. ad Sextium ' Ac neque jam stabulis gaudet pecus aut arator igni c. Favonius Breath sharp Winters Ice doth thaw Beasts leave their Stalls Plough-swains their Fires forgo Nor are the Meadows White with Drifts of Snow Now Cytherea under Cynthia's Shine Danceth around and lovelyâ—Graces join With Nymphs the Earth in measured Strains to beat Whilst Vulcan in his glowing Forge doth sweat Now with Green Myrtle crown thy sleek oyl'd Head Or Flowers which the mellow Earth doth spread To Faunus now in Groves I do advise Either a Kid or Lamb thou sacrifice Which Counsel we took not out of an Epicurean Fancy to live merrily because of the common Necessity of Death as in this Ode he exhorteth Sextius but to compensate for our past Labours and enable us the
and lived to have enjoyed their Ill-got Goods which how it did thrive at home those from whose Information I take this have been in part Eye-witnesses but here I am sure at this time both Persians Arabs and Turks fare the better for it while they have divided among themselves what was entirely the Portugals the Persians in the mean while doing what they please with us so that at this present all things considered they allow us little more than a Name but even here the truth must be confessed it is because we have no Ships to guard the Gulf which if done and the Persians could be made to stand to their first Terms in my Opinion must turn to a good account and be a thing of greater concern than can be well managed by less than a Royal Company though as things now stand they have free recourse to Tigris and Euphrates this Sea being open which was always kept shut by the Portugals to their no small profit This Emperor Shaw Abass Kills his Son Mirza Shaw Abas in whose time this was Atchiev'd was Cotemporary with our King James I. who had been happy in a Son if the Fates had not envied so great a Man his Father's Favour but for his Virtue he reaped Hatred for there were not wanting fawning Parasytes who abused the Emperor's Ears by spreading abroad and casting out words as if his Son Mirza Suffee courted the Popular Air whereupon he withdrew his Countenance and deprived him of the common Light by that barbarous Custom of the hot Iron drawn over his Eye-balls but seeing that could not sufficiently break his Spirit he having gone thus far could not rest till he had perfected his Mortality by Poyson Thus what Virtue had raised to full growth Jealousy soon cut off although he could leave no better Effigies of his Manners Virtue Constancy Piety and towardly Disposition than his Son Suffee to whom our Countryman Dreyden has ventured to give Immortality in his Tragedy called The Sophy which Suffee after his Grandfather's death enjoyed the Throne who when he gave place to Death permitted Shaw Abas the Good who was the Father of Shaw Scholymon the present Emperor Who is a Man of a good Presence The present Emperor given up to Debauchery and of no mean Capacity unless by indulging his Body he thickens his Understanding as well as he has made his Body Gross he is Tall and very Fleshy so that when he stirs or laughs all the Muscles of the Scapula as well as Ribs move together In the beginning of his Reign like another Nero he gave good Specimens of his Inclinations not unworthy the Heroes that were his Ancestors but when he began to hearken to Flatterers and give himself over to Idleness he left off to Govern and listed himself in the service of Cruelty Drunkenness Gluttony Lasciviousness and abominable Extortion where he perpetrated things not only uncomely to be seen but even offensive to the Ears wherefore at his libidinous Feasts to enquire what he transacts or how he behaves himself is fitter for an Aretin than a modest Author But when he is enthroned and encompassed with the flower of his Courtiers The way of receiving Ambassadors and gives Audience to Foreign Ministers the manner is thus An Ambassador is Introduced his Presence by the Master of the Ceremonies who instructs him and tells him his Duty the Emperor is Seated on a Throne alone boulstred up by Embroidered Cushions his Counsellors are placed behind him with Caps on proper to the Kings and Magi of Persia the Emperor being distinguished only by one White Plume of Feathers from theirs when the Ambassador enters his Presence he makes three profound Obeysances after which he is permitted to deliver his Message and then produces his Presents to the Emperor having gratified the Chief Officers before his Admission Those Men of Note that are Governors or Cauns stand now attending with Guns hung over their Shoulders performing the Service of our Gentlemen Pensioners If the Emperor is pleased to Honour the Person entring or is pleased with the Message he orders him to sit at his Feet and a Table to be richly spread About the King stand Vessels of Gold beset with Gems and the Carpets are of high Value one of which not a Yard Square I saw worth Fourscore Thomands and all his Plates he Eats out of are Gold inlaid or beset with Jewels as well as the Cups he Drinks out of as Lipsius Notes the Custom of Old Capacibus gemmis inter se propinarent So Lucan Gemmaeque capaces excipere Merum and Cicero confirms it in ver 4. Non pauca pocula ex auro quoe ut mos est Regibus maxime in Syria gemmis erant distincta clarissimis Whatever Cup the Ambassador is drunk to out of by the Emperor whether of Gold Enammelled or beset with Jewels it is filled with the same Liquor and the Cup is his Fee of Right which first Pledging the Emperor he receives and carries away with him The Civility of the Court being passed he is Clothed with his Retinue in an honourable Habit and if the Petition be granted he wears the Pharmond open in his Turbat to be seen by all as he is reconducted from the Palace to his Lodging When the King pleases to Mount on Horseback he is guarded by a mighty Band of Horsemen that follow him before him pass a Legion of Footmen all with Guns and Shotters or Pages about his Horse in great Crouds these all wear Feathers the first in a kind of Hat or Steeple-Crowned Cap the other in their Turbats which are covered with them but the Gunmen have only one Plume bolt upright the others are of any Colour and sometimes many Colours When the Emperor marches out with his Women The Procession of the Seraglio or Hâ—ram and all the Seraglio it is forbidden the Day before by a Publick Cryer for any Man on pain of Death to invade his Walks nor is it lawful for any one to stay within doors though sick or decrepit with Age till the Female Procession is passed by which observes this Order The King like a Dunghil Cock struts at the Head of the Amazonian Army him his Mother follows and the Royal Consorts which are reckoned as Wives all the rest Concubines or Slaves according to the Grace they have merited carrying Hawks on their Fists get a straddle on Horseback bearing Consort to the Musick Gereed i. e. Tilt and Turnament play with the Ball as Men do For this Effeminate Shew Virgil's Description for Dido may serve Oceanum interea surgens Aurora reliquit It portis jubare exorto castrata juventus Retia rura plagae lato venabula ferro Regem quem Thalamis cunctantem ad limina prima Charbaug Astroque insignis auro Stat sonipes ac fraena ferox spumantia mandit Tandem progreditur magna stipante Caterva Illi Londina estque chlamys circumdata limbo His pharetra ex
our Maps or Globes differ seven or eight degrees in Longitude only some few Minutes in Latitude Dialling and its profound Sections and Projections of the heavenly Circles in the Plain Dialling by the mediating shadow from the World's Axis is not understood by them no more than Conic's although Apollonius his Books are often turned over by them In Musick they lift up their Voices with a loud straining behind a Taber which is the only Instrument with the Flute used with the Vocal Musick for Instrumental they have little regard to Stringed but the Orgiastick they are very expert at and use it on all Festivals at the Rising and Setting of the Sun in their publick Midans or Courts before the Emperor's Palace as also before all their Governors though within doors they chuse the other where the Stage players Tumblers and dancing Wenches usher in their Interludes by Songâ— Tabers and Flutes At length I convert my self to that Noble and Excellent Art Medicks so beneficial to the Life of Man Physick which though it be here in good Repute yet its Sectators are too much wedded to Antiquity not being at all addicted to find out its Improvement by new Enquiries wherefore they stick to the Arabian Method as devoutly as to the Sacred Tripod which they hold as Infallible as of old that Delphic Oracle was accounted On which score Chymistry is hardly embraced Anatomy rejected nor to the Pathological part do they think the Anatomical Knife can bring much Profit However many of them have Wealthy Presents from their Grandees Whoever applies himself to this Profession takes a Master of that Calling who Instructs him in the Stile and ordinary Characters of Medicine where being throughly versed in the Employment and able to set up for himself he consults whereabouts the fewest Physicians are planted in the City and the likeliest place to draw Customers to him there he joins an Apothecary to him to make up his Prescripts and sell them to his Patients the half of which Gain comes into his Pocket Thus by degrees increasing in Fame he covets many Students to Read to who are sure to spread abroad his Fame like so many Speaking-trumpets and are sent about in quest of Prey to bring in Game like so many Decoys But the Bait that takes most are the Womens crying up their Man when he is found to please them by a fair Carriage and voluble Tongue who never leave off till they have rendred him gracious to all their Acquaintance who flock to him in Droves and are as full of Chat as a Magpy when she has found an Owl in the Wood at Noon day nor wants he his Lime-twigs for such sort of Birds by whose frequentings he arrives to the top of his hopes and sucks those Riches Galen is said to offer his Disciples Dat Galenus opes But as all the Eggs laid under one Hen do not always prove so many of this Tribe miss their aim and after an expence of time and endeavour are forced to fall upon other Trades to get a Livelyhood Here is no precedent License of Practising but it is lawful for any one to exercise this Function who has the impudence to pretend to it The Suffee retains several in Ordinary and others in Extraordinary without any Salary The Suffee's Death required of his Physician the Chief of whom is Hakaim Bashed and suffers on his Master's Death not only Banishment from Court but Dispoyling of all his Goods and must acknowledge it a Favour to escape with Life In the matter of their Physick Extracts or Essences of Plants Roots or Minerals are beyond their Pharmacy only they use cooling Seeds and Medicines of that nature so that in repelling a Fever they make but one work of that and the Innate Heat where most an end both become extinguished at once or at least the Body is left in that condition that Obstructions or an Ill Habit succeeds although I am not ignorant that sometimes after the greatest Care in Chronical Distempers such things will happen according to the Experience of Hippocrates yet in Acute Distempers so frequently to fall into these Indispositions I cannot excuse the Indiscretion of these Medicasters whose Patients in Suffahaun seldom pass out of this Life by any other way to their Graves Besides this Abuse Their Prescripts their Prescriptions are Pancrastical a Salve for every Sore without respect had to difference of Temperament or Constitution nay or even to the Distempers themselves but asking some frivolous Questions viewing the Veins of the Hands and Feet inspecting the Tongue they write at adventure The Apothecary dispenses the Ingredients into so many Papers and leaves them to be boiled according to his Directions and given to the Sick Party at such and such hours of such a day by any good Woman or heedless Servant who not attending the Quantities of the Liquor more than the Qualities of the Ingredients boil more or less not as the Exigency either of the Medicines or the Patient requires but as if they were to make Pottage and give him to drink of this heterogeneous Broath sometimes Three or Four Pints at a time so that if it fails moving the Belly by its excitative Faculty yet by its excessive Dose it makes way for Evacuation And this they do repeat most an end for a Fortnight or Three Weeks together which if it succeed not another Physician is consulted for among such store they think it hard to miss of a Cure and in that are so opinionated that if their own Nation cannot give them Remedy they think none other can Though as to Chyrurgery they are of another mind thinking the Europeans better at Manual Operation than themselves But to proceed being severely handled by one they fly to another and he from extreme Cold things runs upon the other extreme so that between these two Rocks its no wonder the Patient so often miscarries and so many concurring Causes joined with their Distemper hurry them to another World Rhabarb What Purges approved Turbith and Scammony are dreadful to them but Sena Cassia Manna and Turpentine are swallowed without any apprehension of evil Many of their Physicians insist on Diets unusual elsewhere as Goats-flesh Horses Asses and Camels flesh for which reason they have distinct Shambles for the same purpose Avicen What Authors in Esteem Averroes and Rhasis are known Authors among them and among the most Learned Galen and Hippocrates and some more Modern who have treated of Botany and Human Parts Their Law forbids them to inspect a dead Carkass they therefore lean implicitly on what they find among Ancient Anatomists and yet think themselves at no loss in that Science whence it is their Practice is lame and their Theory no more than the prating of a Parrot Hence it follows they are imperfect in the Chyrurgeons Art they can tell how to protract slight Wounds into Length of Time but for things of real danger they are to
defend the Cause of the Widow and the Fatherless after the Custom of the Hebrews where in Sacred Scripture they are termed Mutes because there is none to plead for them and if by chance they offer to urge any thing for themselves no one regards their Complaints For three Days after their Kindred's Death they change not their Garments the Men shave not their Heads or trim their Beards the Women shear their Heads vow Widowhood and go carelesly Clad only in a Sheet or mean Dress The Persians Sodomy when they let go their Modesty put no bounds to their lascivious Desires not being content with Natural Inclinations outdo the Sensuality of the hottest Beasts who never attempt on other than the Females of their own Species but these oh shame covet Boys as much as Women and to speak an horrid Truth are too guilty of Buggering other Creatures these poor Children thus abused are sad Spectacles looking diseased and are not long liv'd So wholly bent on Pleasures are these People Addicted to Pleasures that to grow Rich be saluted with Honour appear magnificently be accounted Noble and speciously Great to Play to Ride on Horseback with Gold Trappings on Prancing Steeds to feast Day and Night they will venture on any Evil Enterprize and sell themselves to any Mischief well knowing without Money they can arrive at none of these so that they are intent to get it right or wrong Therefore neither in Court Camp or in Judicature is there catching any thing without a Golden Hook no one sues in forma pauperis Justice is not to be had without a Bribe and if you Appeal to Caesar he is deaf if you knock not at the Door with the Showre that opened the way to Danae's close Confiners On the other hand commit any Wickedness cast but a Golden Mist before the Chief Ministers and the King shall know nothing of it but if the Clamour of the Subject force a Magless the Case is not represented fairly to the Emperor but as a Blend they mix Falsities with Truth Atque ita mentuntur sic veris falsa remiscent No Court in the World is fuller of Corruption than the Persian Court Corruptness of the Courtiers whereupon the Crowd is sent away no better satisfied than it came which causes ill Blood a perpetual Reproach to the King and if they durst Insurrections which whether Fear or want of Courage restrain them or the innate Fidelity and Passive Obedience on the formerly mentioned grounds I shall not determine Since at this time they seem to be more provoked by the Supiness of the Emperor and the Ill Management of the Government and the general out-cry of the Mobile but yet even in this Confusion I do not perceive a Propensity to Rebellion though they refrain not from open Curses especially the Womenkind who are set on by the Men to bellow their Oppressions which they roar at the Palace Gates by Troops of Women in a Tumultuous manner some Weeks together to which Vocal Weapons they are sparing When as should the Men come in a Riot Women made use on to complain they would handle them otherwise which is the reason they thrust them on to complain when they dare not speak their own Grievances it being not held manly to fight with a Woman And hence it comes to pass that the Law loses its Authority The Persian places Felicity in Prosperity and the Subject becomes a Prey to the Avarice and Violence of the Magistrate and while the one grows exorbitantly Rich the other becomes miserably Poor through an unproportionable distribution and by these Exactions is verified the Proverb Homo homini Lupus One Man devours another more cruelly than a Wolf Nor is it possible for one that is Poor ever to rise without a Miracle there being no Mean between extreme Poverty and the height of Wealth or Honour which makes the Great ones truly Great while the dejected Wretches have no other Sanctuary than to appear under the shelter of the Mighty and to be reckoned of their Retinue is all the Favour to be expected in recompense for the most notorious Injury which would augment the Affliction of a Generous Spirit to follow on Foot the exalted Extortioner that has undone him who climbed over others Ruin to be eminently Rich and is still upheld by their Downfall And this must ever be the state of those Kingdoms where Goodness is banished and Virtue must give place to Vice and this unavoidably happens where ever the Mahometan Religion takes place which makes a voluptuous Life the only Benediction both on Earth and in their Heaven and this squares more peculiarly with the Climat and the Temper of the Persians than any other Nation under the cope of Heaven For since Misfortunes are looked on as the most grievous Curses they all aim either to be or to be thought Proâ—perous whence it is not only indecent but unhappy to walk on Foot out of Necessity and he that comes abroad with the finest Palfry the richest Accoutrements the most Followers with Footmen with Bells at their Wastes Feathers in their Turbats Embroidered Horse-Cloaths over their Shoulders delicately wrought Saddles for War and Housings Golden Bridles Breast-Plates and Cruppers often beset with Precious Stones has his Golden Headed Coleon behind him magnificently carried with change of Vests in rich Buy-Shoes or Portmantles he is the Favourite of Heaven and the Darling of Fortune is courted by all and esteemed the chief care of Providence Thus mightily are the gaudy Bubbles of Fortune admired here on which account to be most Impious is most emulated since to arrive at these Ends there is no other method than what has already been related And thus Equipped they appear in their Martial Camps Their Recreations and Exercises not to out-do but out-shine each other where they have Obelisks for Goals where they try their Steeds not giving them a long Race but short and swift they as most of the East do Ride short and stop with a Jerk for which as has been said in India their Curbs are useful that on a motion they Obey otherwise they being placed with a sharp Cone in a round Ring pointing on the Tongue so pierce it that it Bleeds as if struck with a Fleme here they Gerede or cast Darts play with Balls on Rackets bringing their Steeds to observe the Rebound here they train their Hawks to fly at Crows and Crows to fly at Sparrows Here they Exercise among themselves what the King requires to be presented before him and the Nobility learn to Shoot backward as the Parthians their Predecessors were wont and in that were dreaded more on flight than when they stood to it nor is this the only Skill they pretend to with Bows and Arrows but Shoot at Marks not far distant though they seldom practise Rovers On these Sands the Anointed Wrestler keeps himself in Breath and the undaunted Fencer bares his Livid Arm Rams are
Caun a good Soldier and a Patan 147 Burning Women with their Husbands a Custom as old as Dido 101 152 Butter is boiled to keep in hot Countries 118 C. CAlicut the See of the Zamerhin 54. Calicut less famous than reported by Travellers Ib. Calicut though it give the Name to Indian Cloth yet produces none 86 Camels Male lust after the Female forty days 298 Camel-Riders subject to a Gonorrhâ—â—a 108 Camelions feed on Flies 41 Canorein the Primitiâ—e Language of Indostan 162 Canoreens too conversant with the Devil 57 Canoreen a Fruitful Island 73 Capuchins at Surat 88 Caravan Ser Raws dedicated to their Saints 230 Minor Cardamoms grow only near Cutty-Cony 56 Carmelites eat no Flesh 150 Cash constantly turned amounts to the Credit and Profit of him so employed 83 Caspian Seâ— receives Rivers plentifully but makes no reciprocal Return 334 Castles inconvenient in the heart of a Kingdom 358. Castle of Rairee 79 Cattle feed on Thistles 316 Charms pretended to be laid on Aligators and Tygres 56. Charms admitted in Physick 114. Charms not having Success are imputed to the Iniquity of those they fail 116. Charms a pious Fraud of the Brachmins 118. Charms against Witchcraft 215 Chastisement brings a due sense of Crimes 164 Getting Children an Indulgence for Poverty 197 Chimneys not known 296 Christians Lions of the Sea 121. Christians turning Moors despised 138 Christianity prevented spreading on Worldly Concerns 75 Christ acknowledged more than mere Man 365 Chronology of the Persians ridiculous At Church Bath and Caravan Ser Raw no distinction 341 Chyrurgeons valued for making Eunuchs 393 Cinamon grows only on the Island Ceilon 23 Cities Safeguard lost the loss of Trade follows 140. Cities of the Portugals receive none a-nights besides Christians 74 From the Circumference to the Centre all things move by a Natural Tendency 339 Cleanliness next unto Godliness 200 Clouds of Sand 221 Coaches drawn by Oxen 68. No Coaches in Persia 292 Coats that are seamless worn by Rusticks whether the same our Saviour wore 297 Coco-Nut a-kin to the Palm-Tree 230 Cock-fighting 175 Cofferies govern in Duccan 167 Cold affects in Hot Countries 54. Occasioned 256 Coin in India the most refined in the World 98 Combating of several Europe Nations 119 Comedians usher in their Interludes with Taber and Pipe 376 Commerce ceases during the Rains 76. Commerce makes People Urbane 57 Commons Slaves in the East 167 Company whether best a National or Private Concern 65. Company 's Servants brook no Competitors 122 Complexions and Colours 197 198 Convents fuller of Men than the Garisons 156 Cornish-men have a Right to Trade to East-India 146 Corn trodden by the Moors with Oxen 194 Cotton-string Badge the Characteristick of a Brachmin 190 Courage conspicuous as well in Adversity as Prosperity 46 Cowardliness of 400 men 309 Cowards when Peril is far from them strike all with Lightning c. 32 Cow-dung the only Firing at Maderas 40 Cows held sacred 33 Cowis Caun Protector of Visiapour 175 Diversity of Creatures hath no other end but to represent the Divinity c. 44 Crime unpardonable to convert a Mahometan 276 Crow has an Enemy contemptible in Bulk in Revenge implacable 189 Custom more venerable than Science 69. Custom makes all things easy 231. Customs abated on account of defending Surat 87. Customs cheated if detected only Corporal Punishment not Loss of Goods 98. Custom of the Moguls never to go through with a Conquest 418. Customs of the Old World retained in the East 44 301. D. DAys and Nights equal almost between the Tropicks 186. Good and Bad Days taken notice of 131 Dan de Rajapore endures Fifteen Years Siege 173 Danger in travelling not feared 329 Dawn of the Day how varied 136 Dead Bodies burnt by the Genâ—ues buried by the Moors 33 Death to attempt the Discovery of their Women 31 395 Delight preferr'd before Security the ill effects thereof 172 Deluge possible Page 76 Dervises charged with Intriegues 392 Devotes morose 52 161 Devotion of the Heathens consists in washing and praying 101 Diamonds only cut Diamonds 113. Diamonds carried into Europe to be Set return'd to India make good Profit 89 Diseases contracted at Mechlapatan cured by timely removing up the Country 35. Diseases produced by the Alteration of Seasons 93 Disrepute attends ill success 51 Civil Dissentions the Ruin of the Indian Government 28 Don John de Castro pawn'd a Hair of his Beard which he redeemed at the Expence of all his Wealth 218 Dowry the Credit of the Affinity not Money 267 Dregs of the People submit themselves to the Devil out of fear 179 Drought the unhappiness of Persia 328 Drunkards Monarchs 91 Duccan the Bread of the Military Men 167 Dutch Policy in burning four Ships Cargoes of Spice 223. Dutch got into the Breach we made on the Portugals 88. Dutch demolish St. Thomas and restore our Prisoners 116. Dutch after twelve years besieging Goa forced to leave it at last 148. Dutch assist the Moors against the French 42. Dutch Interest to quell the French in India 43. Dutch engross the Spice-Trade 57 223. Dutch awe the Natives 51 Dying Persons laid up to the Chin to expire in their holy Waters 101 E. EArs stopt with the Fingers emits the Voice the stronger 145 Earthquakes frequent where Sulphur abounds 301 Easements made at set hours 33 Eating together a Sacramental Obligation 162 Eat nothing has life among the Gentues 33 Eating together among the Eastern Nations a great scruple 92 Ecliptick Course of the Sun creates the Seasons of the Year 11 229 Elephants Male mounted in State only by the Royal Family 29 Elephants imitate human Progression 35 Elephants generate as other Brutes 35â— Number of Elephants give Esteem to those that maintain them 96. How governed 35 Emanuel Lobos Rebel to the State of Goa 153 Emblems of Dominion and Justice 81 Emperors of Persia exoculate their Brothers 347. Emperors of India send their Kindred to the Post to be intoxicated by a Poysonous Drink 32. Emperors only in India allowed a Sumbrero 86. Emperor seizes young Girls for the Haram in Persia 276 Enemies not to be furnished with Weapons 70 106 English possessed of Bombaim after a long Debate of the Indian Portugals 63. Formidable to the Moors 62. Breed sickly Children 69. English privately befriend the French 43. English have a Right to the Customs in Persia 222. Neglect the Gulph of Persia 353. English Trade is chiefly in Calicuts 88 Entertainment in our Travels course unless provided by our selves 231 Envious Eye cast on Bombaim by the Dutch 70 Equilibrium as to Temperament 296 Eunuchs most in favour at the Court of Gulconda 28. Eunuchs Spies upon the Women 393 An Exalted Pitch of State a more conspicuous Confinement 263 Eye-sight lost by an hot Iron drawn over must not be recovered 347 F. FAkiers ungovernable 95 Family Government maintain'd 118 Feast of Ahasuerus continued to this day among the Persian Emperors 348. Feast truly Persian 259 Fidelity a rare Instance in a