Selected quad for the lemma: death_n
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A16976
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An epistle to the learned nobilitie of England Touching translating the Bible from the original, with ancient warrant for euerie worde, vnto the full satisfaction of any that be of hart. By Hugh Broughton.
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Broughton, Hugh, 1549-1612.
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1597
(1597)
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STC 3862; ESTC S121964
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44,282
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62
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me to deale herein But for a Translatour he must be careful in such poinctes where for the maner of the world the Scripture hath termes generall that the vnlearned in tongue and the vnstayed in the groundes wil turne often times into a wrong sense In this sorte the terme Hell thorough the olde Testament should be well looked He that thinketh it euer vsed for Tartaro or Gehenna otherwise theÌ„ the tearme Death may by Synecdoche importe so hath not skill in Ebrewe or that Greeke which breathing and liue Graecia spake if God hath lent me any iudgement that way And who so euer can not cleare the Apostles words by men indifferent as Old Greeks Rabbines such like is vnsetled in his study Saint Peters place in his first Epistle and thirde Chapter affoordeth a good example for heede in places harde Though it belong not properlie to this parte which I handle For he spake so plaine that anie Iewe then or yet aliue would vnderstand him And thus he should be traÌ„slated Christ suffred c. being made dead in the fleash made aliue by the Spirite in which spirit he had gone preached to them that now are spirites in prison because they disobeyed when the time was when the pacience of God once wayted in the dayes of Noe. I assure my selfe that there is not anie learned Iewe in the world nor was since Saint Peters time but would thus vnderstaÌ„d him For all these poinctes are plain with them the Spirit of God Gen. 1.2 Ze Ruho Shel Melech Ha Mashiah· This is the Spirit of Massiah the King So the spirit of God that preached to Noe should be that spirit of Christ whoÌ„ Saint Peter in expouÌ„ding his minde calleth God whose patience wayted Also they haue this most famous howe God long shewed his pacience while â—he Fathers were aliue howe the holy Ghost preached by Noe. and first by Noe since the day of Adams fall day â—f pronouncing the curse vpon the earth telling Noe the â—â—me of Execution and that that generation stroue against â—he spirit of God that God brought vpon them double â—â—aues of water and of Gehennah fier And in the text of â—oth Talmuds this matter is layde as a common article Dor 〈◊〉 mabbul ein lahem chelek le Olam ha-ba The generation â—â—at died in the deluge they haue no hope of blessed porâ—â—on in the world to come Nowe seeing all these positiâ—â—s be true that by the Eternal spirit of Christ his humane â—â—ule came to the body and so it was made aliue and that â—he Eternall spirit is about ten times noted in the Lawe to â—ue gone done whence Saint Peter diuinely taketh the â—â—each of Christe his going in the diuine nature vnto oâ—her as famous matters shewed pacience and brought 〈◊〉 Deluge vpon the worlde voyde of Religion and preaâ—hed not in any man with expresse calling afore Noe and â—herefore his story was the fittest for an example and damneth for euer all that be out from the couenant seeing all this matter is true the proprietie of Saint Peters wordes in their most exactenesse will abide this and the Iewes to whose natioÌ„ he wrote admitted all this and neuer would admit anie other meaning of these his wordes which for matters in visible must be plaine and in graunted senses A learned Translatour who from childhoode should be acquainted with the holy Ebrewe Greeke and for it with all writers for both tongues such a Translatour would be better then many coÌ„menters Saint Peter would acquaint his nation that the Spirit of Christ was in the Prophetes whom they called Iehovah And in a matter of so great weight to translate so that the humane soule of Christe should nowe be meant spirit and that to bee made aliue which dye can not and to take a iourney vnrecorded in the penners of the Gospell and to preach among soules gon hence to Noes age peculiar as hauing disobeyed once but after as better aduised If Saint Peter had anie such meaning in glaunses vndisputed out the scattered Iewes who admit no doctrine but taught in Moses the Prophetes they would haue reiected all the Apostles autoritie But in this place we make cloudes he bred none And in our cloudes we might sooner enable Iob to bring about all propounded by God as aboue his reach as defende Saint Peter against anie Iewe which thing he that can not doe is but a raw Doctor of the newe Testament A man might as soone tell vpon what fouÌ„dation the earth was layde what measure it hath how the Sea was shutt with dores howe it is swadeled with the darke howe to giue the morning his charge and to shewe the day spring his place yea and may as soone open the gates of death and see the dores of the shadowe of death as tell howe Christes humane soule could dye and be made aliue and what sermon he should make enioyned from Moses Elias doctrine or why peculiarlie to men of the fludds age or defende coÌ„stantlie any such thing at all done by Christes humane soule of any conference or speach among the dead And Saint Peter knewe that Moses commaunded to leaue the hid things to Iehovah our God and knew that our Lorde him selfe neuer taught his Disciples to breake that and might not breede leappers ouer the threshell And for this very poinct of our affirming that Christ went to Gehennah the Iewe Isaak Ben Arama who writeth ful excellent things for Christianitie in Shaar 52. vpon Exod. and sheweth that all his nation since Ierusalem fel haue mistaken all the Prophetes and is cited for our side by Munster and Nebiensis vpon Psa 110. he disputing vpon Leuit. 26. for the end of the Lawe and howe all those curses might â—e avoyded sawe no comfort in Iudaisme and then hee â—urneth toward Christianitie but complayneth that wee make Christ descend to Gehenna and to bring out the Faâ—hers thence whereas if we had expounded the suffringes of Messiah which all Rabbines confesse that the Psalmes make them infintie great as the Euangelistes penne them â—olde by our Lordes owne tongue and much perceyued â—y the Disciples such a Rabbine would haue turned maâ—â—e and by such meanes we Christians should haue coueâ—ed infinite many of our sinnes where God would mitiâ—â—te many his punishmentes ouer vs for turninge sinners â—nto the right way I wishe all that loue the trueth to trye â—his proposition None that knowe absolutely as a profesâ—our of Ebrewe and Greeke should the holy phrases of â—cripture Sheol and Haides Gehennah and Tartarus and whence Paradise for Heauen and when it began as THE WORLD to come no Linguist a true Linguist meting with his match to be tried by authours indifferent as the Disciples spake and wrote will defende that any one syllable in scripture doth so much as euer glaunse that Christ descended to Gehenna Here in such poinctes a translation bearing on the same page the original Ebrew for the Olde
and the first chapter with somewhat more about it he wrote in deed to stay the worke yet wheÌ„ I debated what his place required him to doe he wrote againe to licence the worke his grace saying that he would not defend it I should stand to the defence of it And full readie am I to doe that And I dare defend his grace for that translation that it is bettea then the vsuall in the Church And whereas a certen Printer feared least in time it would come into the Bibles he needes no more to feare then least in time our nation will coÌ„monly learne Daniel in one houre which without an heyfer that manie pricke will not so soone be cleare and was long sealed vp in our nation Full is the Prophet of examples biddinge heedines but finding headdines And Moses had the like occasion as he liued when skant any in the world beleeâ—ed that the world was created or ruled by God or that any God was Lesse did they thinke of the state and condition in which the wicked Spirites and soules are in eternall chaynes and darknes with paynes which state as they â—hought not off they had no propre tearme for it in their â—peach And likewise for the state of ioye the portion of â—he faithfull in the sight of Gods glorie the wicked world â—newe it not and therfore had no terme for it In this case Moses hydeth his mynde from the wicked as touchinge â—ny one propre terme for either Eternall death or Eternall â—â—fe But he by matter and argument doth spread it abroad â—nto such as loue the appearing of the iust iudge By the â—â—rme DEATH he meaneth Eternall death when leaues 〈◊〉 the sore be not fetched from the tree of life and so by â—fe in promises fastened vpon Christ he meaneth Eternal â—fe Euen as Adam closelie meant by the name of EVE â—hich the Septuagint translate LIFE So by the curse vâ—on the Earth he meaneth an Eternall curse with it for all â—he Serpents broode And for this the Iewes generally saâ—ing the Sadducees vnderstood him and handle the matâ—er most learnedlie O that they had gone further to the tree of life then their readinesse in the text would haue multiplied knowledge euen for both Testamentes One worde in him of this kinde hath bred much stirre amongst vs Sheol that is The verbe the root of it is Shaal to require and Scheol is the state which euery life with sense payeth as a debt when it is spoken of a body whether of man or beast as in the companie of Coreh Dathan Abyram the destruction from this life is meant If sequell of matter bring more by the matter not by the word it must be admitted In mens case we terme it commonly the graue though fishe in Sea or fier in earth or Hyrcanyan dogges panches or Egyptian Glasses were their tombe or they were as Iakym that with his penknife did cut Ieremies lamentations cast away as the buriall of ashe fit for such as hate such diligeÌ„ce about Gods worde as by Ieremies example wee may see that the Eternall doeth require That state to the body is Scheol to the soule the losse of this worlde in such as knew not the soules immortalitie is Sheol to meÌ„ of further reach the world of the Soules the worlde vnseene of vs that be here without distinction of lotts there For fewe knewe that the hidden of God called in Ebrewe psal Cxi Sod the mysterie of righteousnes And they the Lillies among thornes spake as the common worlde and commonlie of the soule by termes fit for the body for such as graunted no further continuance for such as graunted that there was an other world And as dying is holden a degree lower then life and daily speach ought to be such as the greater part be not troubled with it to descende to Scheol is to leaue this world So Iacob would descende to Scheol vnto Ioseph so Iudah feared to bring his fathers graynes to Schecol with sorrowe so Gods anger in Deut. 32. and in the same syllables in Ieremie speaking of Ierusalems fall is a fyer that burneth vnto the low Scheol Not determininge of their soules though their case were daungerous in warres brought for idolatrie men dying in contempt of the couenant The argument might determine the terme did not determine Haides in the Greeke is the very same and neither of them is euer in Scripture directlie the state of Eternall torment but as king Ezechias describeth it The â—utting-off from this life the not seing of Iah in the lande â—f the liuing the remouing of their dwelling hence as a â—ente the shearing of life as the weauer doeth his webbe â—â—ckes from the Thrummes And in Iob Aethan psal 89. â—â—lomon Eccles all men doe descende to Sheol as Ioseph Iacob â—â—echias And in a speach of death when life is soone recoâ—â—red descending to Scheol signifieth that the soule fully â—ent from the body euen to the worlde of the dead and 〈◊〉 diuinitie meaning to appeare before God In that sense â—ery mans soule by Salomon ascendeth the beastes desâ—â—ndeth So that the worldes common language To desâ—â—nde into Scheol and the Prophetes ascend vnto Gods â—one or to returne vnto God leauing the body to the 〈◊〉 these differ not in substance one hayre breadth Euâ—â—s Act. 20. fell from the third height dead But his soule 〈◊〉 yet within him and then had not descended into 〈◊〉 The souldiour buried by Elyseus was dead but wheâ—â—â—r his soule had fully leaft the body that may be further â—ired Our Lord being dead had not his soule resting â—e dead body but voyde of all controversie it went to 〈◊〉 worlde of the soules through the tabernacle of his â—e and to paradise the ioye of happy soules Which â—g to testifie some of them returned to this world The â—ell and his Angels might well perceyue it But the â—ch or article Descended into Haides meddleth not 〈◊〉 one or other but maketh sure a full and absolute deâ—ure vnto the worlde of the soules His sufferings were â—â—â—peakeable and the agonie of his soule as hee tolde at â—r beginning to his Disciples and when skopers were â—ut him and dogges he declareth by turning his speach vnto God how to vnspeakeable extremitie his tormentes went on Why O my God doest thou forsake me The phrases of both the first from Psal 42. the verse repeated Psa 43. for the Greeke of it is the Greeke of the newe Testament the next from Psal 22. these two be the saddest phrases of the language And we must thinke that as much is vnder them as can be conteyned for the suffringes of our Lorde and that he spake of his owne person But I am not nowe to runne into a common place if any stirre be of late risen that way men of preferrment for their paynes must looke to the defence of the trueth And it is iniurious to require anie to warre on their owne charges as some haue requested