which_o they_o may_v rise_v to_o that_o of_o chancellor_n and_o both_o those_o officer_n must_v be_v ecclesiastic_n next_o to_o the_o great_a secretary_n be_v the_o referendary_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o duchy_n there_o be_v two_o of_o they_o in_o each_o state_n one_o a_o layman_n and_o the_o other_o a_o ecclesiastic_a they_o present_a petition_n to_o the_o king_n and_o return_v his_o majesty_n answer_n and_o though_o they_o be_v not_o member_n of_o the_o senate_n they_o have_v a_o privilege_n to_o sit_v by_o the_o senator_n in_o judgement_n of_o process_n upon_o information_n to_o give_v their_o advice_n and_o afterward_o to_o pronounce_v the_o sentence_n that_o be_v give_v it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o all_o the_o judge_n and_o officer_n of_o justice_n all_o the_o advocate_n proctor_n register_n and_o notary_n wear_v a_o sabre_n or_o scimitar_n by_o their_o side_n and_o do_v not_o lay_v it_o aside_o either_o when_o they_o judge_v or_o plead_v a_o cause_n and_o that_o they_o have_v no_o other_o garb_n than_o what_o they_o usual_o wear_v there_o be_v four_o general_a officer_n of_o the_o army_n in_o poland_n 2_o for_o the_o crown_n and_o 2_o for_o lithuania_n viz._n a_o great_a general_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o lieutenant-general_n those_o general_n of_o the_o army_n have_v no_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n unless_o they_o be_v palatine_n or_o castellan_n or_o be_v possess_v of_o some_o of_o those_o office_n which_o entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o the_o senate_n the_o great_a general_n command_v the_o whole_a army_n and_o have_v power_n to_o quarter_v the_o troop_n where_o he_o please_v the_o king_n himself_o not_o be_v able_a to_o hinder_v he_o and_o this_o power_n be_v so_o considerable_a that_o it_o make_v a_o great_a general_n formidable_a to_o all_o the_o nobility_n his_o office_n be_v to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o soldier_n which_o be_v levy_v for_o the_o service_n of_o the_o republic_n commit_v no_o disorder_n that_o the_o member_n of_o the_o diet_n may_v not_o be_v overawe_v by_o the_o army_n he_o held_n the_o army_n order_v its_o encampment_n put_v it_o in_o battalion_n and_o give_v the_o signal_n of_o battle_n and_o of_o retreat_n he_o take_v care_n of_o the_o convoy_n and_o ammunition_n set_v a_o price_n on_o every_o thing_n that_o be_v sell_v in_o the_o army_n regulate_v the_o weight_n and_o measure_n and_o punish_v offender_n the_o office_n of_o the_o petty_a general_n be_v to_o take_v care_n of_o those_o who_o be_v appoint_v for_o guard_n and_o of_o the_o party_n that_o be_v send_v out_o to_o discover_v the_o enemy_n he_o command_v the_o foreign_a troop_n and_o even_o the_o whole_a army_n in_o the_o absence_n of_o the_o general_n and_o succeed_v he_o in_o course_n upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o vacancy_n there_o be_v many_o other_o office_n in_o the_o army_n the_o most_o considerable_a of_o which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o great_a standard-bearer_n and_o the_o next_o that_o of_o great_a master_n of_o the_o artillery_n as_o for_o the_o office_n of_o the_o court_n the_o most_o considerable_a be_v those_o of_o the_o great_a chamberlain_n great_a master_n of_o the_o horse_n and_o the_o steward_n or_o master_n of_o the_o household_n beside_o all_o those_o office_n there_o be_v other_o in_o the_o palatinat_n as_o chamberlain_n master_n of_o the_o household_n and_o many_o other_o for_o the_o province_n of_o poland_n be_v former_o divide_v among_o several_a prince_n each_o of_o who_o have_v their_o particular_a officer_n and_o though_o those_o province_n have_v be_v long_o since_o reunited_n to_o the_o crown_n yet_o the_o officer_n still_o contiâ—â—e_v and_o enjoy_v certain_a honorary_a privilege_n the_o chief_a of_o which_o be_v that_o they_o serve_v the_o king_n in_o their_o palatinate_n when_o the_o officer_n of_o the_o court_n be_v absent_a chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la a_fw-la interregnum_fw-la may_v happen_v four_o several_a way_n by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o prince_n by_o his_o voluntary_a and_o public_a abdication_n by_o his_o force_a and_o javoâ—â—ntary_a deposition_n or_o by_o his_o flight_n 〈◊〉_d go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n but_o the_o most_o usual_a be_v by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n who_o body_n be_v immediate_o lay_v upon_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n and_o some_o senator_n both_o ecclesiastic_a and_o secular_a be_v choose_v to_o attend_v he_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o republic_n order_v all_o the_o necessary_a expense_n for_o the_o ceremony_n to_o be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o treasure_n leave_v by_o the_o decease_a king_n the_o same_o honour_n be_v also_o give_v to_o the_o queen_n after_o their_o decease_n as_o i_o have_v occasion_n to_o observe_v at_o the_o death_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n who_o die_v at_o warsaw_n may_v 10._o 1667._o in_o the_o palace_n which_o king_n john_n casimir_n her_o husband_n have_v in_o the_o suburb_n the_o next_o day_n she_o be_v carry_v to_o the_o castle_n where_o she_o be_v expose_v on_o a_o bed_n of_o state_n till_o she_o be_v remove_v to_o cracow_n to_o be_v inter_v she_o die_v about_o the_o end_n of_o a_o diet_n and_o almost_o sudden_o of_o a_o defluxion_n upon_o her_o lung_n occasion_v by_o a_o too_o long_o and_o earnest_a dispute_n with_o general_n patz_n about_o a_o affair_n she_o have_v propose_v to_o he_o which_o he_o will_v not_o consent_v to_o for_o that_o princess_n be_v so_o fond_a of_o intrigue_v and_o so_o desirous_a to_o govern_v the_o state_n alone_o that_o she_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n jealous_a of_o the_o king_n her_o husband_n who_o dare_v not_o speak_v to_o any_o woman_n in_o private_a lest_o she_o shall_v imagine_v that_o he_o be_v govern_v by_o another_o this_o troublesome_a constraint_n make_v he_o so_o uneasy_a that_o he_o be_v not_o much_o afflict_v at_o her_o death_n for_o the_o same_o night_n he_o return_v from_o the_o diet_n to_o the_o palace_n to_o see_v a_o person_n who_o he_o have_v love_v before_o but_o dare_v never_o entertain_v during_o the_o queen_n life_n the_o interregnum_fw-la may_v also_o happen_v by_o a_o voluntary_a abdication_n when_o a_o king_n free_o resign_v the_o crown_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o republic_n but_o it_o be_v very_o rare_a to_o see_v a_o king_n descend_v voluntary_o from_o the_o throne_n and_o few_o will_v imitate_v the_o example_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v twenty_o year_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n make_v a_o public_a resignation_n in_o st._n john_n church_n at_o warsaw_n septemb_n 16._o 1668._o notwithstanding_o the_o earnest_a solicitation_n of_o the_o whole_a senate_n and_o of_o all_o the_o nobility_n to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o resolution_n and_o the_o tear_n that_o be_v shed_v by_o all_o the_o people_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o so_o dismal_a a_o revolution_n for_o he_o be_v so_o universal_o belove_v by_o the_o nobility_n and_o senate_n that_o they_o voluntary_o assign_v he_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 50000_o crown_n as_o a_o testimony_n of_o their_o acknowledgement_n towards_o a_o prince_n who_o have_v govern_v they_o so_o well_o nevertheless_o that_o pension_n be_v never_o pay_v though_o it_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v after_o his_o election_n the_o abdicated_a king_n go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v at_o nevers_n december_n 16._o 1672._o i_o can_v on_o this_o occasion_n forbear_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o odd_a circumstance_n in_o the_o fate_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o his_o queen_n for_o the_o latter_a quit_v france_n and_o go_v to_o poland_n where_o she_o die_v in_o her_o husband_n city_n and_o the_o former_a leave_v foland_n and_o go_v to_o france_n where_o he_o die_v in_o his_o wive_n city_n innovation_n be_v always_o dangerous_a to_o a_o state_n and_o threaten_v it_o with_o some_o fatal_a revolution_n which_o the_o polander_n consider_v endeavour_v to_o prevent_v the_o consequence_n of_o so_o unusual_a a_o action_n cause_v a_o article_n to_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la which_o they_o make_v king_n michael_n swear_v to_o observe_v that_o never_o any_o king_n shall_v be_v suffer_v to_o abdicate_v for_o the_o future_a but_o that_o article_n be_v leave_v out_o in_o the_o pacta_fw-la which_o king_n john_n the_o iiid_n swear_v after_o his_o election_n in_o the_o church_n of_o st._n john_n at_o warsaw_n june_n 5._o 1674._o an_fw-mi interregnum_fw-la may_v be_v also_o occasion_v by_o the_o depose_v of_o a_o prince_n either_o for_o heresy_n or_o some_o other_o notorious_a crime_n as_o in_o the_o case_n of_o locticus_n who_o be_v depose_v for_o his_o excessive_a debauchery_n and_o succeed_v by_o wenceslaus_n king_n of_o bobemia_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1300._o but_o those_o instance_n be_v very_o rare_a as_o well_o as_o the_o example_n of_o a_o
st._n basil_n who_o be_v under_o the_o vow_n of_o chastity_n as_o for_o the_o curate_n of_o their_o parish_n those_o who_o be_v admit_v to_o order_n after_o their_o marriage_n be_v not_o oblige_v to_o separate_v from_o their_o wife_n but_o they_o can_v marry_v after_o their_o ordination_n and_o when_o their_o wife_n die_v they_o must_v for_o ever_o afterward_o live_v in_o celibacy_n their_o liturgy_n be_v in_o the_o russian_a language_n which_o as_o well_o as_o the_o polish_v be_v proper_o a_o dialect_n of_o the_o slaâ—ovie_n they_o believe_v that_o the_o holy_a ghost_n proceed_v from_o the_o father_n by_o the_o son_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n be_v not_o the_o head_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n but_o only_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o patriarch_n and_o that_o he_o of_o constantinople_n who_o authority_n they_o acknowledge_v be_v the_o second_o and_o yet_o independent_a on_o the_o first_o in_o all_o other_o article_n of_o faith_n they_o agree_v with_o the_o catholic_n but_o their_o ceremony_n and_o ornament_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o the_o latin_n and_o armenian_n they_o pray_v stand_v and_o make_v a_o great_a number_n of_o genuflexion_n which_o they_o reckon_v with_o bead_n they_o administer_v the_o sacrament_n in_o both_o kind_n after_o this_o manner_n the_o priest_n consecrate_v several_a little_a loaf_n of_o leaven_a bread_n and_o after_o he_o have_v take_v the_o sacrament_n himself_o he_o break_v these_o loaf_n into_o little_a piece_n and_o put_v they_o into_o the_o chalice_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n then_o with_o a_o little_a silver_n spoon_n which_o serve_v only_o for_o that_o use_v he_o take_v one_o of_o those_o piece_n with_o a_o little_a wine_n out_o of_o the_o chalice_n and_o give_v the_o sacrament_n to_o those_o who_o approach_v he_o by_o pour_v that_o little_a piece_n of_o bread_n with_o the_o consecrate_a wine_n into_o the_o mouth_n of_o each_o communicant_a they_o communicate_v stand_v hold_v their_o arm_n across_o their_o breast_n and_o also_o make_v their_o little_a child_n receive_v the_o communion_n after_o all_o the_o people_n have_v communicate_v the_o priest_n consume_v all_o that_o be_v leave_v in_o the_o chalice_n the_o three_o bishopric_n be_v that_o of_o cracow_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o the_o kingdom_n situate_v upon_o the_o vistula_n in_o the_o upper_a or_o little_a poland_n this_o bishopric_n be_v heretofore_o a_o archbishopric_n found_v by_o mieceslaus_n in_o the_o year_n 964._o immediate_o after_o he_o have_v embrace_v the_o christian_a faith_n but_o that_o dignity_n be_v lose_v by_o one_o lampert_n who_o be_v of_o a_o potent_a family_n neglect_v to_o send_v to_o rome_n for_o the_o pallium_fw-la it_o be_v observable_a that_o several_a prelate_n have_v hold_v both_o this_o bishopric_n and_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o gnesna_n at_o the_o same_o time_n the_o bishop_n of_o cracow_n style_v himself_o duke_n of_o siberia_n all_o the_o nobility_n of_o that_o duchy_n be_v under_o his_o authority_n and_o be_v exempt_v from_o the_o jurisdiction_n of_o the_o royal_a coart_n this_o metropolis_n be_v compose_v of_o 3_o city_n joyâ—â—d_v together_o viz._n the_o ancient_a city_n which_o be_v build_v by_o king_n cracus_n casimirie_n which_o be_v build_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a with_o a_o design_n to_o establish_v a_o academy_n in_o it_o and_o that_o which_o be_v between_o they_o both_o the_o two_o latter_a be_v join_v by_o a_o bridge_n the_o jew_n who_o before_o the_o year_n 1494._o be_v disperse_v promiscuous_o throughout_o the_o whole_a city_n since_o that_o time_n be_v oblige_v to_o reside_v in_o casimirie_n for_o upon_o the_o occasion_n of_o a_o fire_n which_o burn_v down_o part_n of_o the_o city_n the_o soldier_n drive_v the_o jew_n out_o of_o all_o the_o house_n they_o possess_v and_o ever_o since_o they_o be_v only_o permit_v to_o live_v in_o casimirie_n from_o whence_o they_o come_v every_o market-day_n to_o the_o old_a city_n queen_n hedwige_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n jagellon_n who_o be_v a_o princess_n of_o great_a virtue_n and_o piety_n design_v to_o have_v finish_v the_o academy_n which_o king_n casimir_n the_o great_a begin_v to_o erect_v at_o cracow_n and_o after_o the_o death_n of_o that_o queen_n who_o leave_v considerable_a legacy_n to_o the_o poor_a the_o king_n her_o husband_n take_v care_n to_o continue_v her_o pious_a design_n in_o order_n to_o which_o he_o establish_v 2_o college_n in_o that_o city_n and_o bring_v master_n thither_o from_o prague_n to_o instruct_v the_o youth_n these_o college_n be_v almost_o like_o those_o of_o paris_n there_o be_v some_o endow_v scholarship_n and_o the_o student_n be_v oblige_v to_o very_o little_a exercise_n in_o one_o of_o these_o college_n which_o be_v call_v the_o academy_n there_o be_v a_o certain_a number_n of_o poor_a scholar_n who_o receive_v weekly_a charity_n to_o keep_v they_o from_o starve_v which_o with_o what_o they_o get_v by_o beg_a alm_n in_o the_o street_n at_o night_n enable_v they_o to_o 〈◊〉_d their_o study_n the_o 〈◊〉_d be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o cujavia_n and_o pomeâ—â—â—â—_n 〈◊〉_d be_v compose_v of_o the_o palatinate_n of_o 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o low_a or_o great_a poland_n the_o bishop_n seat_n be_v at_o wiadislow_n a_o city_n on_o the_o vistula_n about_o four_o league_n above_o thorn_n the_o five_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o vilna_n which_o be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o duchy_n of_o lithuania_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n vilia_fw-la which_o fall_v into_o the_o nieman_n below_o kowno_n this_o city_n be_v large_a and_o very_a populous_a the_o six_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o posnania_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o lower_n poland_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o the_o same_o name_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n varta_fw-la there_o be_v a_o old_a castle_n upon_o a_o rise_a ground_n and_o the_o cathedral_n church_n be_v without_o the_o city_n which_o be_v indifferent_o large_a and_o populous_a the_o seven_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o plocsko_n a_o small_a city_n in_o lower_n poland_n situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n about_o five_o league_n above_o wladislaw_n the_o bishop_n seat_n be_v at_o pultausk_n in_o massovia_n situate_v on_o the_o river_n narev_n which_o meet_v with_o the_o bug_n about_o two_o league_n low_o the_o bishop_n of_o plocsko_n be_v sovereign_a of_o the_o territory_n of_o pultausk_n and_o there_o be_v no_o appeal_n from_o his_o sentence_n not_o even_o to_o the_o king_n the_o eight_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o warmia_n in_o royal_a prussia_n the_o episcopal_a seat_n be_v at_o frawenherg_n a_o small_a city_n near_o frischhaff_n the_o bishop_n of_o warmia_n be_v precedent_n of_o royal_a prussia_n and_o all_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o diocese_n depend_v upon_o he_o and_o be_v exempt_v from_o all_o the_o royal_a jurisdiction_n the_o nine_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o luceoria_n or_o lucko_n which_o be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o volhinia_n the_o ten_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o premislia_n which_o be_v a_o city_n of_o black_a russia_n upon_o the_o river_n sana_n about_o 6_o league_n above_o jeroslaw_n and_o 12_o from_o leopold_n towards_o the_o west_n there_o be_v two_o bishop_n in_o this_o city_n one_o a_o latin_n catholic_n and_o the_o other_o a_o greek_a schismatic_a one_o orichowski_n canon_n of_o this_o cathedral_n be_v the_o first_o who_o at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o reformation_n maintain_v that_o it_o be_v lawful_a for_o priest_n to_o marry_o and_o afterward_o marry_v himself_o anno_fw-la 1549._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o eleven_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o samogitia_n this_o prelate_n have_v no_o particular_a seat_n except_o at_o midnich_n which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o chief_a burrough_n of_o that_o province_n the_o twelve_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o culm_n a_o city_n of_o royal_a prussia_n situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n about_o 6_o league_n above_o thorn_n this_o prelate_n former_o precede_v the_o bishop_n of_o warmia_n the_o thirteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o chelm_fw-ge in_fw-ge black_a russia_n there_o be_v two_o bishop_n in_o this_o city_n one_o a_o latin_n catholic_n and_o the_o other_o a_o greek_a schismatic_a but_o the_o latin_a bishop_n remove_v his_o seat_n to_o kranostaw_fw-mi another_o city_n in_o the_o same_o palatinat_a seat_v on_o a_o great_a lake_n through_o which_o run_v the_o river_n vieptz_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o frequent_a eruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n and_o cossack_n who_o have_v ruin_v the_o city_n of_o chelm_fw-ge the_o fourteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o kiowia_fw-la the_o metropolis_n of_o volhinia_n and_o of_o all_o vkrania_n this_o city_n be_v the_o seat_n of_o a_o greek_a schismatical_a archbishop_n who_o be_v former_o primate_n of_o all_o the_o russian_n the_o inhabitant_n of_o kiowia_fw-la be_v schismatic_n and_o now_o subject_a to_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovy_n the_o fifteen_o be_v the_o bishopric_n of_o caminiec_n which_o be_v the_o
not_o be_v crown_v and_o that_o the_o austrian_a faction_n oppose_v it_o both_o because_o she_o be_v a_o french-woman_n bear_v and_o because_o she_o be_v but_o a_o private_a gentlewoman_n but_o the_o event_n show_v the_o contrary_a for_o she_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n with_o her_o husband_n without_o the_o least_o opposition_n but_o if_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v not_o a_o catholic_n she_o can_v be_v crown_v as_o it_o happen_v to_o helen_n the_o wife_n of_o alexander_n i._o and_o daughter_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n who_o be_v of_o the_o greek_a church_n and_o refuse_v to_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n the_o republic_n will_v never_o consent_v that_o she_o shall_v be_v crown_v though_o according_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n both_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n of_o poland_n ought_v to_o be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n we_o find_v that_o this_o ceremony_n have_v be_v sometime_o perform_v in_o other_o place_n for_o queen_n cecilia_n the_o wife_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1637._o and_o though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n make_v the_o next_o year_n that_o the_o queen_n shall_v always_o be_v crown_v at_o warsaw_n anno_fw-la 1670._o it_o be_v true_a this_o be_v do_v with_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o the_o order_n of_o the_o republic_n when_o the_o queen_n be_v crown_v the_o king_n must_v desire_v it_o of_o the_o republic_n he_o must_v be_v present_a at_o the_o ceremony_n himself_o conduct_v she_o to_o the_o church_n and_o present_v she_o to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o to_o the_o bishop_n who_o be_v to_o perform_v the_o ceremony_n the_o archbishop_n anoint_v she_o with_o the_o consecrate_a oil_n and_o put_v the_o crown_n upon_o her_o head_n the_o sceptre_n into_o her_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o globe_n of_o gold_n into_o her_o left_a the_o queen_n of_o poland_n have_v no_o officer_n but_o a_o marshal_n and_o a_o chancellor_n neither_o of_o who_o be_v senator_n but_o only_a judge_n of_o the_o difference_n that_o happen_v among_o her_o domestic_n they_o answer_v the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o queen_n when_o a_o ambassador_n make_v she_o a_o compliment_n in_o his_o master_n name_n or_o when_o a_o present_a be_v make_v to_o she_o at_o the_o marriage_n of_o a_o maid_n of_o honour_n the_o king_n furnish_v the_o queen_n with_o money_n to_o defray_v the_o charge_n of_o her_o household_n but_o after_o the_o king_n death_n she_o must_v maintain_v herself_o and_o all_o her_o retinue_n with_o the_o revenue_n which_o the_o king_n bestow_v upon_o she_o with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n both_o for_o her_o dowry_n and_o for_o her_o marriage-present_a these_o revenue_n be_v call_v the_o reformation_n and_o consist_v of_o the_o reversion_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o starosty_n which_o she_o can_v enjoy_v till_o they_o become_v vacant_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o present_a possessor_n so_o that_o a_o queen_n of_o poland_n be_v frequent_o keep_v from_o her_o estate_n till_o she_o be_v just_o ready_a to_o leave_v it_o for_o sometime_o those_o who_o possess_v the_o starosty_n that_o be_v in_o her_o reformation_n outlive_v she_o but_o if_o the_o king_n die_v before_o the_o queen_n reformation_n be_v settle_v upon_o she_o the_o republic_n allow_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n out_o of_o the_o crown-land_n as_o they_o do_v to_o queen_n eleanor_n in_o the_o year_n 1674_o after_o the_o election_n of_o king_n john_n for_o they_o be_v so_o king_n to_o that_o princess_n as_o to_o give_v she_o a_o yearly_o pension_n of_o 120000_o livre_n by_o a_o express_a article_n which_o be_v afterward_o insert_v in_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la but_o she_o choose_v rather_o to_o quit_v both_o that_o and_o the_o kingdom_n than_o to_o see_v a_o french_a gentlewoman_n succeed_v a_o princess_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n there_o be_v so_o little_a order_n or_o discipline_n observe_v in_o the_o polish_v army_n that_o the_o country_n be_v frequent_o harass_v by_o those_o who_o be_v pay_v to_o defend_v it_o and_o the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v new_a troop_n every_o year_n at_o the_o first_o there_o be_v few_o city_n in_o poland_n but_o when_o the_o inhabitant_n grow_v more_o industrious_a in_o cultivate_v the_o ground_n they_o be_v perpetual_o molest_v by_o their_o neighbour_n who_o by_o frequent_a inroad_n endeavour_v to_o deprive_v they_o of_o the_o fruit_n of_o their_o labour_n in_o order_n to_o oppose_v these_o invasion_n the_o king_n cause_v castle_n and_o fortress_n to_o be_v build_v in_o the_o city_n which_o always_o subsist_v so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v protect_v by_o the_o royal_a authority_n and_o defend_v by_o good_a officer_n and_o discipline_v soldier_n but_o since_o those_o fort_n be_v neglect_v several_a lord_n have_v endeavour_v to_o usurp_v the_o possession_n of_o they_o that_o they_o may_v extend_v their_o dominion_n over_o the_o city_n and_o oppress_v the_o burgher_n as_o they_o do_v the_o peasant_n in_o the_o village_n those_o who_o the_o king_n entrust_v with_o the_o government_n of_o those_o place_n do_v not_o employ_v the_o revenue_n that_o be_v annex_v to_o they_o in_o repair_v the_o wall_n and_o fortificatious_a whence_o it_o come_v that_o all_o their_o city_n be_v open_a and_o that_o the_o soldier_n who_o be_v put_v there_o into_o winter_n quarter_n may_v go_v out_o when_o they_o please_v and_o ravage_n the_o country_n for_o when_o a_o regiment_n be_v to_o be_v send_v from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o the_o other_o the_o commander_n be_v only_o order_v to_o set_v out_o and_o to_o go_v to_o the_o place_n appoint_v without_o mention_v either_o the_o time_n or_o the_o place_n through_o which_o he_o be_v to_o march_v or_o the_o city_n where_o he_o be_v to_o quarter_n so_o that_o he_o may_v run_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n and_o so_o sometime_o spend_v a_o month_n or_o six_o week_n in_o march_v to_o a_o place_n which_o he_o may_v have_v reach_v in_o eight_o day_n it_o be_v plain_a that_o these_o disorderly_a march_n must_v of_o necessity_n waste_v and_o destroy_v the_o city_n and_o village_n through_o which_o the_o soldier_n pass_v nor_o be_v the_o law_n able_a to_o to_o remedy_v such_o a_o insupportable_a grievance_n because_o it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o establish_v magazine_n and_o storehouse_n in_o any_o place_n the_o gentleman_n who_o go_v to_o the_o army_n spend_v the_o best_a part_n of_o their_o estate_n in_o furnish_v themselves_o with_o magnificent_a arm_n fine_a horse_n and_o rich_a apparel_n maintain_v a_o numerous_a train_n of_o servant_n their_o estate_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o defray_v so_o vast_a a_o charge_n and_o beside_o they_o receive_v no_o pay_n for_o a_o considerable_a time_n after_o they_o enter_v into_o the_o service_n so_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n constrain_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n that_o they_o may_v be_v able_a to_o support_v their_o extravagant_a vanity_n some_o who_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o less_o violent_a temper_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v a_o fault_n which_o they_o be_v force_v to_o acknowledge_v by_o lay_v the_o blame_n upon_o the_o court_n pretend_v that_o the_o king_n bestow_v the_o royal_a gift_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o the_o office_n and_o dignity_n upon_o the_o courtier_n or_o other_o great_a lord_n who_o either_o have_v no_o need_n of_o they_o or_o do_v not_o deserve_v they_o in_o stead_n of_o give_v they_o to_o those_o who_o have_v do_v good_a service_n in_o the_o army_n where_o they_o have_v spend_v their_o estate_n and_o expose_v their_o life_n for_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n other_o accuse_v those_o who_o be_v entrust_v with_o the_o management_n of_o the_o finance_n who_o make_v they_o wait_v very_o long_o for_o their_o pay_n and_o even_o then_o oblige_v they_o to_o quit_v part_n of_o it_o that_o they_o may_v procure_v the_o rest_n these_o grievance_n exasperate_v their_o mind_n and_o frequent_o occasion_n great_a complaint_n in_o the_o diet._n when_o they_o levy_v soldier_n in_o foland_n the_o captain_n exact_a contribution_n on_o those_o place_n where_o they_o raise_v their_o man_n and_o give_v very_o little_a to_o the_o soldier_n retain_v the_o money_n they_o receive_v on_o the_o public_a account_n always_o find_v some_o unjust_a pretext_n to_o defraud_v the_o soldier_n of_o their_o pay_n who_o be_v consequent_o under_o a_o strong_a temptation_n to_o rob_v and_o pillage_v the_o country_n the_o officer_n not_o dare_v to_o restrain_v a_o disorder_n which_o be_v occasion_v by_o themselves_o to_o put_v a_o stop_n to_o these_o irregularity_n it_o have_v be_v frequent_o propose_v to_o the_o diet_n by_o some_o wise_a and_o consider_v person_n to_o keep_v the_o soldier_n always_o
world_n in_o the_o ducal_z prussia_n near_o coningsberg_n they_o have_v at_o present_a a_o church_n and_o public_a shcool_n be_v protect_v by_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o prussian_n who_o every_o year_n in_o their_o diet_n exclaim_v against_o this_o injustice_n of_o the_o elector_n but_o at_o racovia_n the_o seat_n and_o sepulchre_n of_o faustus_n socinus_n after_o many_o change_n the_o print_v house_n and_o academy_n be_v first_o demolish_v come_v at_o last_o by_o right_n of_o inheritance_n to_o the_o grand_a daughter_n of_o james_n sieninski_n palatine_n of_o podolia_n and_o governor_n of_o racovia_n who_o embrace_v the_o roman_n catholic_n religion_n and_o be_v still_o live_v and_o this_o be_v the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o of_o which_o none_o else_o can_v give_v a_o full_a or_o large_a account_n a_o short_a account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la in_o poland_n and_o the_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n have_v give_v the_o reader_n page_n 221._o a_o short_a epitome_n of_o the_o most_o glorious_a action_n of_o john_n sobieski_n late_a king_n of_o poland_n it_o will_v not_o be_v amiss_o to_o complete_a his_o character_n to_o take_v notice_n here_o of_o his_o conduct_n during_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o his_o life_n which_o have_v so_o little_o answer_v the_o glorious_a beginning_n of_o his_o reign_n that_o prince_n enter_v into_o a_o common_a league_n with_o the_o emperor_n the_o republic_n of_o venice_n and_o the_o pope_n against_o the_o common_a enemy_n of_o christendom_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o emperor_n and_o venetian_n carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o so_o much_o vigour_n and_o success_n as_o to_o give_v a_o fair_a opportunity_n to_o the_o pole_n to_o regain_v caminiek_n and_o the_o province_n the_o turk_n and_o tartar_n have_v get_v from_o they_o yet_o to_o the_o great_a amazement_n of_o the_o world_n the_o polish_v army_n do_v nothing_o at_o all_o and_o be_v not_o able_a to_o protect_v their_o country_n against_o the_o excursion_n of_o their_o enemy_n who_o commit_v unspeakable_a disorder_n and_o carry_v a_o great_a multitude_n of_o people_n into_o slavery_n this_o occasion_v great_a murmur_n among_o the_o pole_n against_o their_o king_n and_o be_v such_o a_o blot_n as_o tranish_v the_o lustre_n of_o his_o former_a action_n several_n have_v inquire_v into_o the_o cause_n of_o so_o odd_a a_o conduct_n for_o that_o prince_n want_v neither_o courage_n or_o ability_n every_o body_n think_v that_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n be_v owe_v to_o the_o king_n himself_o there_o have_v be_v many_o conjecture_n on_o this_o subject_a but_o the_o only_a who_o appear_v to_o i_o well_o ground_v be_v that_o prince_n covetousness_n and_o after_o a_o impartial_a examination_n this_o seem_v to_o i_o the_o only_a remora_n who_o stop_v the_o vigorous_a resolution_n that_o be_v yearly_o take_v old_a man_n general_o speak_v be_v covetous_a the_o reason_n whereof_o be_v plain_a enough_o but_o beside_o this_o almost_o natural_a bias_n the_o little_a esteem_n the_o pole_n have_v for_o prince_n james_n be_v a_o great_a motive_n to_o engage_v his_o father_n to_o heap_v up_o money_n though_o to_o the_o visible_a detriment_n of_o the_o republic_n that_o prince_n see_v as_o i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o pole_n express_v little_a esteem_n for_o his_o elder_a son_n and_o consequent_o have_v no_o prospect_n that_o he_o shall_v succeed_v he_o mere_o upon_o account_n of_o his_o be_v bear_v of_o the_o royal_a family_n and_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n know_v by_o experience_n that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a argument_n to_o recommend_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o choice_n of_o the_o pole_n resolve_v to_o hoard_n up_o money_n and_o therefore_o leave_v his_o army_n unpaid_a the_o magazine_n unprovided_a and_o live_v very_o parsimonious_a in_o his_o house_n the_o same_o reason_n oblige_v he_o to_o set_v a_o tax_n upon_o several_a thing_n that_o be_v former_o give_v gratis_o at_o his_o court_n as_o pass_n petition_n and_o the_o like_a france_n on_o the_o other_o hand_n be_v sensible_a that_o the_o turk_n can_v hardly_o make_v head_n against_o so_o many_o enemy_n if_o all_o of_o they_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n with_o vigour_n make_v a_o good_a use_n of_o the_o covetousness_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o yearly_o pension_n to_o that_o hungry_a prince_n disappoint_v all_o the_o design_n of_o the_o polish_v nobility_n who_o can_v hardly_o bear_v without_o murmur_n that_o caminick_n shall_v continue_v so_o long_o in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o infidel_n a_o violent_a and_o very_a extraordinary_a distemper_n king_n john_n labour_v under_o give_v he_o a_o sufficient_a warn_v of_o his_o death_n draw_v nigh_o he_o try_v several_a way_n to_o have_v his_o son_n choose_v his_o successor_n in_o his_o life-time_n but_o all_o in_o vain_a for_o that_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n it_o have_v be_v rare_o practise_v and_o the_o king_n be_v not_o belove_v enough_o to_o oblige_v the_o pole_n to_o act_n against_o their_o own_o law_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n when_o king_n john_n die_v which_o happen_v the_o 17_o of_o june_n at_o nine_o a_o clock_n at_o night_n 1696._o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n death_n be_v immediate_o carry_v by_o a_o express_a to_o dardinal_n radziowsky_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o regent_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la who_o make_v his_o entry_n into_o warsaw_n on_o the_o 24_o of_o june_n that_o be_v seven_o day_n after_o the_o king_n death_n in_o a_o most_o solemn_a and_o magnificent_a manner_n all_o the_o senator_n and_o nobility_n then_o in_o town_n ride_v forth_o above_o a_o league_n from_o the_o city_n to_o meet_v he_o with_o colour_n fly_v and_o kettle_n drum_v beat_v in_o the_o midst_n of_o a_o incredible_a crowd_n of_o people_n his_o eminence_n go_v direct_o to_o the_o castle_n and_o ascend_v into_o the_o room_n where_o the_o king_n body_n lie_v expose_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n and_o have_v say_v a_o short_a prayer_n go_v to_o the_o queen_n apartment_n to_o condole_v her_o majesty_n he_o do_v the_o like_a to_o prince_n james_n and_o his_o brother_n and_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o government_n of_o the_o kingdom_n call_v a_o general_n diet_n to_o meet_v on_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n follow_v to_o choose_v a_o successor_n as_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n since_o that_o time_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v his_o character_n in_o this_o place_n he_o be_v of_o a_o very_a good_a family_n in_o poland_n and_o son_n to_o the_o famous_a radziousky_a who_o call_v in_o the_o swede_n under_o charles_n gustavus_n he_o be_v a_o man_n of_o great_a part_n but_o somewhat_o obstinate_a pope_n innocent_a xi_o make_v he_o a_o cardinal_n without_o any_o other_o recommendation_n but_o his_o own_o merit_n the_o than_o king_n of_o poland_n though_o his_o relation_n nor_o the_o french_a king_n be_v please_v with_o his_o promotion_n though_o time_n have_v discover_v that_o his_o eminence_n be_v absolute_o in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n he_o go_v to_o rome_n after_o the_o doath_z of_o innocent_a xi_o and_o be_v present_a at_o the_o choose_n of_o a_o new_a pope_n which_o fall_v on_o cardinal_n ottoboni_n he_o live_v like_o a_o prince_n and_o his_o magnificence_n and_o liberality_n acquire_v he_o a_o great_a many_o friend_n upon_o the_o 29_o of_o august_n the_o diet_n assemble_v with_o the_o usual_a ceremony_n and_o after_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n have_v be_v celebrate_v by_o the_o cardinal_n primate_n they_o begin_v to_o talk_v of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o marshal_n or_o speaker_n of_o their_o assembly_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o many_o dispute_n the_o lesser_a poland_n pretend_v that_o it_o be_v her_o turn_n to_o have_v a_o mareshal_n choose_v out_o of_o her_o body_n and_o great_a poland_n put_v in_o the_o same_o claim_n but_o be_v inclinable_a to_o wave_v it_o the_o lithuanian_n oppose_v it_o pretend_v that_o the_o great_a poland_n be_v to_o take_v their_o turn_n now_o that_o lithuania_n may_v have_v they_o in_o the_o next_o diet_n and_o their_o dispute_n grow_v so_o high_a that_o people_n be_v afraid_a the_o diet_n will_v break_v up_o without_o come_v to_o any_o conclusion_n the_o bishop_n of_o posen_n think_v of_o a_o new_a way_n to_o put_v a_o end_n to_o the_o controversy_n and_o come_v to_o the_o assembly_n in_o procession_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o clergy_n pretend_v to_o allay_v their_o heat_n by_o the_o charm_n of_o his_o benediction_n but_o this_o provoke_v the_o deputy_n who_o tell_v he_o in_o great_a scorn_n they_o be_v not_o possess_v and_o therefore_o have_v no_o need_n of_o his_o exorcism_n at_o last_o the_o
antoninus_n pius_n take_v a_o great_a care_n to_o defend_v the_o empire_n than_o enlarge_v its_o bound_n and_o as_o to_o marcus_n antoninus_n the_o philosopher_n he_o be_v not_o able_a to_o compass_n the_o design_n he_o have_v of_o reduce_v sarmatia_n into_o a_o province_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n maximin_n have_v no_o better_a success_n against_o they_o and_o since_o his_o time_n the_o empire_n decline_v apace_o till_o probus_n revive_v their_o spirit_n again_o this_o great_a man_n subdue_v the_o german_n and_o give_v the_o sarmatian_n so_o many_o overthrow_v that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v the_o territory_n they_o have_v usurp_v during_o the_o reign_n of_o his_o predecessor_n they_o be_v again_o defeat_v by_o dioclesian_n and_o constantius_n but_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v that_o they_o become_v subject_n to_o the_o roman_n valentinian_n defeat_v they_o some_o time_n after_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o they_o be_v force_v to_o quit_v pannoma_n and_o moesia_n and_o retire_v into_o their_o own_o country_n and_o begin_v to_o form_n a_o commonwealth_n under_o lochus_n about_o the_o year_n of_o our_o lord_n 550._o they_o have_v preserve_v their_o liberty_n ever_o since_o though_o they_o have_v be_v often_o reduce_v to_o great_a extremity_n but_o they_o never_o pay_v tribute_n to_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n it_o be_v true_a that_o their_o king_n michael_n wieznowisky_n have_v the_o weakness_n to_o agree_v to_o pay_v a_o yearly_o tribute_n to_o the_o turk_n but_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n refuse_v to_o ratify_v the_o treaty_n and_o bold_o assert_v their_o right_n and_o liberty_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o john_n sobiesky_n grand_a mareshal_n of_o the_o crown_n who_o be_v afterward_o elect_v king_n and_o force_v the_o turk_n to_o renounce_v the_o pretend_a tribute_n that_o michael_n have_v promise_v they_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n be_v so_o numerous_a and_o brave_a that_o it_o seem_v moral_o impossible_a to_o conquer_v their_o country_n so_o long_o as_o they_o be_v well_o unite_v and_o the_o surprise_v progress_n of_o charles_n gustavus_n king_n of_o sweden_n who_o in_o three_o month_n time_n conquer_a almost_o that_o kingdom_n signify_v nothing_o in_o this_o case_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v call_v in_o by_o some_o of_o the_o polander_n themselves_o and_o the_o other_o will_v not_o fight_v for_o their_o king_n the_o precipitate_v retreat_n of_o the_o swede_n when_o the_o pole_n return_v to_o their_o duty_n show_v how_o little_a they_o be_v able_a to_o conquer_v poland_n but_o i_o leave_v off_o this_o subject_a to_o speak_v a_o word_n as_o to_o this_o book_n the_o first_o part_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n in_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n of_o the_o prerogative_n of_o their_o king_n of_o their_o diet_n custom_n manner_n ceremony_n religion_n coin_n etc._n etc._n be_v owing_n to_o a_o person_n of_o quality_n who_o have_v reside_v many_o year_n in_o that_o kingdom_n and_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o his_o merit_n as_o well_o as_o character_n can_v better_o inform_v himself_o of_o the_o matter_n he_o treat_v of_o than_o man_n of_o ordinary_a birth_n and_o capacity_n the_o appendix_n contain_v a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n some_o far_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o that_o kingdom_n the_o instrument_n of_o the_o abdication_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n the_o rise_v progress_n and_o destruction_n of_o the_o socinian_o be_v partly_o abstract_v from_o history_n and_o private_a memoires_n of_o person_n that_o may_v be_v depend_v upon_o the_o account_n of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o the_o election_n of_o frederick_n augustus_n be_v ground_v upon_o the_o best_a intelligence_n that_o it_o be_v possible_a to_o have_v from_o poland_n consider_v the_o confusion_n of_o the_o affair_n of_o that_o country_n and_o the_o pretension_n of_o the_o competitor_n be_v state_v and_o relate_v as_o they_o have_v be_v communicate_v by_o the_o eye-witness_n of_o those_o transaction_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n p._n 1_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n p._n 4_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n with_o respect_n to_o its_o neighbour_n and_o of_o the_o various_a success_n of_o the_o war_n in_o which_o it_o have_v be_v engage_v with_o they_o p._n 12_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o tartar_n their_o manner_n of_o fight_v their_o original_a division_n of_o their_o country_n manner_n and_o history_n of_o their_o action_n and_o how_o they_o become_v subject_a to_o the_o turk_n p._n 27_o chap._n v._o of_o ukrania_n and_o the_o cossack_n with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n and_o livonian_o p._n 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o state_n of_o poland_n p._n 76_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n p._n 81_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n p._n 97_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o senate_n a_o particular_a and_o first_o of_o the_o bishop_n p._n 98_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o palatine_n castellan_n and_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o be_v senator_n p._n 107_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o order_n of_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n p._n 113_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v not_o senator_n p._n 118_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o interregnum_fw-la p._n 120_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n p._n 124_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n p._n 128_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n p._n 137_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n p._n 144_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la or_o the_o contract_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o people_n p._n 147_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o king_n coronation_n p._n 153_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n p._n 161_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o polish_v army_n p._n 164_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o estate_n and_o revenue_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 174_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o custom_n humour_n and_o inclination_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 184_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o their_o religion_n p._n 191_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o administration_n of_o justice_n p._n 194_o chap._n xxvi_o their_o marriage_n and_o funeral_n p._n 196_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o diet_n and_o entertainment_n of_o the_o polander_n p._n 200_o chap._n xxviii_o their_o way_n of_o travel_v p._n 205_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o polish_v money_n p._n 209._o a_o chronological_a abridgement_n of_o the_o history_n of_o poland_n p._n 212._o a_o panegyrical_n character_n of_o the_o last_o king_n john_n iii_o with_o a_o account_n of_o his_o principal_a action_n and_o death_n p._n 221_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a care_n they_o take_v of_o their_o liberty_n and_o privilege_n p._n 223._o the_o form_n of_o king_n casimire_n abdication_n p._n 225._o the_o instrument_n of_o the_o state_n publish_v on_o that_o cecasion_n p._n 228._o the_o rise_n of_o socinianism_n in_o poland_n and_o of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o that_o sect._n p._n 230_o edict_n of_o king_n sigismond_n against_o the_o socinian_o p._n 233._o edict_n of_o king_n john_n casimire_n against_o they_o p._n 236._o a_o letter_n give_v a_o account_n of_o the_o present_a state_n of_o the_o socinian_o p._n 238._o a_o petition_n of_o the_o socinian_o send_v some_o year_n ago_o into_o england_n represent_v brief_o their_o miserable_a condition_n p._n 248._o where_o now_o settle_a p._n 250._o account_v of_o the_o late_a interregnum_fw-la and_o election_n of_o the_o present_a king_n with_o some_o further_a remark_n on_o the_o late_a king_n and_o a_o short_a character_n of_o the_o several_a candidate_n for_o that_o crown_n p._n 251_o the_o proposal_n make_v by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o behalf_n of_o his_o master_n the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n p._n 274._o the_o pacta_fw-la conventa_fw-la sworn_n to_o by_o the_o baron_n de_fw-fr fleming_n in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o warsaw_n p._n 278_o a_o great_a embassy_n appoint_v to_o go_v and_o offer_v the_o crown_n to_o the_o elector_n with_o the_o remarkable_a speech_n of_o the_o first_o ambassador_n on_o that_o occasion_n p._n 281._o the_o king_n speech_n to_o the_o nobility_n assemble_v to_o congratulate_v he_o p._n 288._o his_o coronation_n p._n 293._o the_o prince_n of_o conty_n arrival_n at_o dantzick_n etc._n etc._n p._n 295_o the_o present_a state_n of_o poland_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o polish_v government_n and_o the_o principal_a officer_n of_o state_n poland_n be_v a_o republic_n compose_v of_o two_o estate_n the_o crown_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n the_o crown_n be_v proper_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n be_v unite_v to_o it_o in_o the_o
year_n 1386._o by_o the_o duke_n de_fw-fr jagillon_n who_o embrace_v the_o christian_a religion_n that_o he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n daughter_n to_o lewis_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n and_o who_o with_o his_o religion_n change_v also_o his_o name_n and_o be_v call_v viadislaus_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v christian_n long_o before_o have_v receive_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n ann_n 964_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o miecislans_n i._n who_o after_o he_o have_v divorce_v seven_o pagan_a wife_n be_v convert_v and_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n king_n of_o bohemiae_n who_o be_v a_o christian_n these_o two_o estate_n be_v contiguous_a to_o one-another_o and_o be_v now_o but_o one_o body_n be_v unite_v in_o the_o same_o interest_n under_o the_o government_n of_o the_o same_o king_n and_o in_o the_o profession_n of_o the_o same_o religion_n especial_o since_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n on_o the_o river_n bug_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o the_o year_n 1413._o where_o the_o union_n be_v renew_v and_o where_o it_o be_v conclude_v that_o for_o the_o future_a they_o shall_v have_v the_o same_o law_n and_o privilege_n and_o that_o the_o king_n shall_v be_v elect_v by_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o the_o two_o estate_n which_o be_v ratify_v and_o sign_v by_o all_o the_o senator_n of_o poland_n and_o lithuania_n nevertheless_o they_o be_v govern_v by_o distinct_a officer_n each_o of_o they_o have_v a_o grand_a marshal_n and_o a_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n who_o they_o call_v the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n a_o chancellor_n vicechancellor_n and_o treasurer_n who_o be_v all_o senator_n those_o of_o the_o crown_n for_o poland_n and_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n for_o lithuania_n and_o be_v equal_a in_o dignity_n and_o power_n only_o those_o of_o the_o crown_n take_v place_n of_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n be_v to_o keep_v the_o peace_n and_o prevent_v tumult_n or_o disturbance_n both_o in_o the_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o king_n household_n to_o punish_v offender_n even_o with_o death_n and_o without_o appeal_n from_o his_o judgement_n except_o in_o case_n of_o great_a importance_n which_o may_v be_v bring_v before_o the_o king_n he_o have_v also_o power_n to_o command_v silence_n to_o give_v leave_n to_o speak_v to_o introduce_v ambassador_n to_o appoint_v they_o their_o lodging_n and_o to_o fix_v the_o price_n of_o all_o commodity_n and_o merchandize_n this_o last_o branch_n of_o his_o authority_n be_v extreme_o advantageous_a to_o he_o for_o the_o merchant_n give_v he_o very_o considerable_a present_n that_o they_o may_v have_v leave_n to_o sell_v their_o good_n at_o exorbitant_a rate_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n be_v choose_v by_o turn_n out_o of_o the_o clergy_n and_o laity_n but_o those_o of_o the_o duchy_n be_v always_o layman_n the_o chancellor_n and_o the_o vicechancellor_n make_v use_v of_o the_o same_o seal_n and_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v use_v indifferent_o for_o they_o have_v both_o a_o equal_a authority_n only_o the_o latter_a give_v place_n to_o the_o former_a and_o never_o give_v judgement_n but_o in_o his_o absence_n the_o chancellor_n by_o his_o office_n be_v the_o judge_n of_o all_o civil_a affair_n and_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o king_n revenue_n it_o be_v also_o his_o duty_n to_o take_v care_n that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n or_o injurious_a to_o the_o liberty_n of_o the_o people_n and_o that_o the_o intrigue_n of_o foreigner_n may_v not_o be_v prejudicial_a to_o the_o republic_n the_o authority_n of_o the_o chancellor_n and_o vicechancellor_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o several_a case_n they_o may_v affix_v their_o seal_n without_o the_o king_n order_n and_o refuse_v to_o seal_v such_o thing_n for_o he_o as_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o constitution_n of_o the_o state_n it_o be_v the_o office_n of_o the_o chancellor_n or_o in_o his_o absence_n of_o the_o vicechancellor_n to_o answer_v all_o the_o harangue_n that_o be_v make_v to_o the_o king_n by_o ambassador_n and_o he_o of_o the_o two_o who_o be_v a_o clergyman_n have_v power_n over_o the_o secretary_n priest_n and_o preacher_n of_o the_o court_n and_o over_o the_o ceremony_n of_o the_o church_n the_o treasurer_n be_v proper_o the_o keeper_n of_o the_o public_a treasure_n which_o be_v bring_v to_o he_o by_o four_o other_o officer_n who_o keep_v a_o exact_a account_n of_o it_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v one_o copy_n to_o the_o king_n and_o another_o to_o the_o treasurer_n his_o office_n empower_n he_o to_o prevent_v the_o waste_n or_o embezel_v of_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o of_o those_o which_o be_v appoint_v for_o maintain_v the_o king_n table_n and_o therefore_o he_o ought_v to_o sign_v all_o the_o contract_v the_o king_n make_v which_o otherwise_o will_v be_v void_a he_o ought_v also_o to_o take_v care_n that_o the_o republic_n do_v not_o sustain_v any_o damage_n by_o the_o contract_n that_o be_v make_v for_o the_o coin_n of_o new_a money_n when_o the_o treasurer_n be_v call_v to_o a_o account_n the_o general_n diet_n order_v a_o committee_n of_o a_o certain_a number_n of_o person_n to_o examine_v his_o account_n and_o to_o give_v he_o a_o acquittance_n without_o which_o the_o republic_n may_v still_o call_v he_o to_o a_o account_n for_o the_o administration_n of_o his_o employment_n and_o therefore_o since_o this_o acquittance_n be_v of_o such_o vast_a importance_n to_o the_o grand_a treasurer_n great_a interest_n be_v always_o make_v about_o the_o nomination_n of_o the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v appoint_v to_o examine_v his_o account_n because_o he_o be_v oblige_v not_o only_o to_o entertain_v the_o commissioner_n but_o also_o to_o give_v they_o considerable_a present_n to_o obtain_v his_o discharge_n the_o petty_a or_o sub-marshal_n or_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court_n who_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o five_o officer_n that_o be_v member_n of_o the_o senate_n execute_v the_o office_n of_o the_o grand_a marshal_n in_o his_o absence_n and_o in_o case_n of_o the_o death_n or_o demise_n of_o that_o officer_n he_o succeed_v in_o course_n as_o the_o vice_n chancellor_n be_v in_o such_o case_n promote_v to_o the_o dignity_n of_o the_o chancellor_n so_o that_o before_o a_o man_n can_v be_v grand_a marshal_n or_o chancellor_n he_o must_v first_o be_v petty_a marshal_n or_o vice_n chancellor_n chap._n ii_o of_o the_o division_n of_o poland_n into_o province_n the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n former_o contain_v fifteen_o great_a province_n which_o the_o king_n retain_v still_o in_o his_o title_n as_o king_n of_o poland_n duke_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n livonia_n volhinia_n kiovia_n podolia_n podlassia_n smolensko_n siâ—eria_n and_o czerniechovia_n but_o at_o present_a there_o be_v no_o more_o than_o nine_o province_n subject_a to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n viz._n great_a and_o little_a poland_n the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n russia_n prussia_n massovia_n samogitia_n upper_a volhinia_n and_o podlassia_n or_o podlachia_n great_a poland_n be_v so_o call_v because_o lechus_n first_o king_n of_o the_o polander_n settle_v his_o residence_n at_o gnesna_n in_o this_o province_n it_o be_v also_o call_v lower_n poland_n and_o posnania_n be_v the_o principal_a city_n this_o province_n contain_v eight_o palatinate_n viz._n posnâ—â—â—_n kalisch_n lencici_n breast_n inowlocz_n siradiae_n kawa_n and_o ploosko_fw-mi it_o be_v bound_v on_o the_o north_n with_o prussia_n on_o the_o south_n with_o little_a poland_n on_o the_o east_n with_o massovia_n and_o on_o the_o west_n with_o silesia_n and_o the_o new_a marquisate_n of_o brandâ—nburg_n the_o river_n warta_n run_v through_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o province_n little_a poland_n which_o be_v also_o call_v upper_a poland_n contain_v three_o 〈◊〉_d cracow_n saâ—domir_n and_o lublin_n it_o border_n with_o massovia_n and_o great_a poland_n on_o the_o north_n mount_v crapat_v on_o the_o south_n black_a russia_n on_o the_o east_n and_o silesia_n on_o the_o west_n and_o the_o river_n vistula_n run_v through_o it_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v the_o metropolis_n of_o this_o province_n and_o of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n the_o starosta_n of_o cracow_n be_v not_o only_a governor_n of_o the_o castle_n but_o also_o the_o defender_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o of_o the_o public_a tranquillity_n which_o entitle_v he_o to_o a_o large_a jurisdiction_n both_o over_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o town_n and_o the_o gentry_n as_o for_o the_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n though_o jagillon_n begin_v to_o unite_v it_o to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n anno_fw-la 1386_o and_o though_o that_o union_n be_v afterward_o renew_v in_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o grodeck_n between_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o lithuanian_n in_o 1413_o yet_o it_o still_o retain_v its_o own_o duke_n and_o
glad_a of_o such_o a_o opportunity_n to_o be_v revenge_v for_o the_o ill_a usage_n he_o have_v receive_v from_o he_o according_o he_o cut_v off_o his_o master_n head_n upon_o a_o log_n of_o wood_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v a_o piece_n of_o beef_n and_o be_v force_v to_o give_v he_o several_a slash_n before_o he_o can_v entire_o separate_v his_o head_n from_o his_o body_n stephen_n battori_n king_n of_o poland_n besiege_v the_o city_n of_o polotta_n in_o muscovy_n anno_fw-la 1579._o and_o after_o a_o most_o vigorous_a resistance_n the_o besiege_a find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o hold_v out_o long_o offer_v to_o surrender_v the_o place_n the_o capitulation_n be_v at_o last_o agree_v upon_o by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o garrison_n and_o inhabitant_n except_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o governor_n who_o continual_o animate_v the_o soldier_n and_o the_o burgher_n to_o make_v a_o obstinate_a defence_n represent_v to_o they_o that_o it_o will_v be_v more_o honourable_a to_o die_v in_o the_o service_n of_o their_o prince_n than_o to_o save_v their_o life_n by_o a_o ignominious_a treaty_n and_o indeed_o neither_o the_o bishop_n nor_o the_o governor_n will_v sign_v the_o capitulation_n but_o retire_v into_o the_o church_n of_o st._n sophia_n whence_o steven_n battori_n cause_v they_o to_o be_v bring_v forth_o and_o commit_v they_o to_o the_o custody_n of_o the_o treasurer_n of_o lithuania_n when_o the_o polish_v garrison_n enter_v the_o town_n to_o take_v possession_n of_o it_o and_o to_o receive_v the_o store_n and_o ammunition_n according_a to_o the_o article_n of_o the_o capitulation_n they_o be_v surprise_v to_o behold_v so_o many_o mark_n of_o a_o horrible_a and_o brutish_a cruelty_n which_o the_o muscovite_n have_v practise_v on_o the_o polish_v prisoner_n they_o find_v some_o of_o they_o most_o barbarous_o tear_v in_o piece_n some_o half_a boil_a in_o great_a kettle_n with_o their_o hand_n tie_v behind_o their_o back_n and_o other_o who_o have_v be_v miserable_o butcher_v by_o rip_v up_o their_o belly_n the_o polander_n be_v so_o transport_v with_o rage_n and_o indignation_n at_o the_o sight_n of_o such_o a_o dismal_a scene_n of_o horror_n that_o they_o will_v have_v revenge_v the_o death_n of_o their_o countryman_n upon_o the_o whole_a muscovitish_a garrison_n but_o king_n stephen_n generous_o consider_v that_o no_o provocation_n can_v excuse_v the_o breach_n of_o a_o solemn_a treaty_n restrain_v the_o fury_n of_o his_o soldier_n and_o send_v the_o muscovite_n back_o to_o their_o own_o country_n under_o the_o convoy_n of_o two_o troop_n of_o horse_n i_o can_v easy_o produce_v many_o other_o example_n of_o this_o nature_n but_o what_o i_o have_v already_o say_v be_v sufficient_a to_o prove_v that_o the_o muscovite_n be_v natural_o cruel_a i_o return_v now_o to_o that_o memorable_a irruption_n which_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n make_v into_o poland_n with_o so_o much_o violence_n and_o success_n that_o king_n john_n casimir_n and_o his_o queen_n lovise_n mary_n be_v force_v to_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n and_o to_o retire_v into_o silesia_n for_o almost_o all_o the_o nobility_n and_o even_o the_o polish_v army_n have_v abandon_v they_o and_o follow_v the_o rapidity_n of_o the_o conqueror_n fortune_n but_o the_o polander_n afterward_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o fault_n they_o have_v commit_v in_o forsake_v their_o king_n and_o those_o who_o have_v still_o continue_v faithful_a to_o he_o resume_v fresh_a courage_n under_o the_o conduct_n of_o the_o general_n czarneski_n they_o by_o degree_n expel_v the_o swede_n who_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o whole_a country_n and_o of_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n which_o they_o have_v take_v in_o three_o day_n thus_o the_o kingdom_n be_v reconquer_v and_o the_o swede_n be_v oblige_v to_o enter_v into_o a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n which_o be_v conclude_v in_o the_o abbey_n of_o oliva_n prince_n be_v so_o apt_a to_o be_v jealous_a of_o a_o neighbour_a conqueror_n that_o they_o be_v even_o willing_a to_o assist_v a_o former_a enemy_n against_o the_o unequal_a force_n of_o a_o ambitious_a and_o successful_a invader_n for_o when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n have_v make_v himself_o master_n of_o poland_n at_o a_o time_n when_o the_o polander_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o cossack_n who_o have_v besiege_v leopold_n the_o muscovite_n who_o have_v also_o invade_v lithuania_n immediate_o quit_v that_o duchy_n and_o fall_v upon_o the_o swede_n in_o livonia_n in_o order_n to_o make_v a_o diversion_n and_o the_o tartar_n who_o be_v natural_o enemy_n to_o all_o christian_n and_o in_o a_o particular_a manner_n to_o the_o polish_v nation_n not_o only_o send_v a_o potent_a army_n to_o assist_v the_o k._n of_o poland_n but_o force_v the_o cossack_n to_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o leopold_n and_o to_o join_v with_o they_o in_o the_o defence_n of_o the_o polander_n and_o the_o same_o reason_n which_o induce_v the_o muscovite_n and_o the_o tartar_n to_o succour_v the_o polander_n oblige_v the_o emperor_n also_o to_o send_v they_o some_o troop_n but_o he_o make_v they_o pay_v dear_a for_o his_o assistance_n for_o the_o saltwork_n be_v mortgage_v to_o he_o for_o some_o year_n he_o cause_v so_o great_a a_o quantity_n of_o salt_n to_o be_v make_v and_o export_v that_o the_o work_n be_v almost_o ruin_v nor_o be_v the_o muscovite_n and_o tartar_n the_o only_a troublesome_a neighbour_n to_o poland_n for_o it_o will_v appear_v by_o the_o follow_a relation_n that_o the_o misfortune_n of_o that_o nation_n be_v in_o some_o measure_n owe_v to_o the_o german_n vladislaus_n jagellon_n king_n of_o poland_n be_v engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n who_o be_v master_n of_o prussia_n and_o have_v raise_v a_o powerful_a army_n of_o polander_n lithuanian_n and_o prussian_n be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o overpower_v his_o enemy_n and_o to_o expel_v they_o utter_o out_o of_o his_o dominion_n when_o the_o emperor_n sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n desire_v he_o to_o refer_v the_o difference_n that_o occasion_v the_o war_n to_o his_o arbitration_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n to_o grant_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n a_o truce_n for_o two_o year_n jagellon_n accept_v the_o offer_n and_o disband_v his_o army_n but_o since_o the_o emperor_n design_v only_o to_o gain_v time_n that_o the_o knight_n may_v be_v able_a to_o put_v themselves_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o desence_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o take_v care_n to_o adjust_a these_o difference_n that_o he_o be_v glad_a the_o polander_n be_v divide_v fear_v that_o after_o they_o have_v drive_v the_o teutonic_n knight_n out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n they_o will_v make_v a_o vigorous_a attempt_n to_o retake_v silesia_n which_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n have_v late_o usurp_v king_n jagellon_n perceive_v that_o the_o emperor_n have_v disappoint_v he_o send_v to_o put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o promise_n but_o it_o seem_v sigismond_n have_v either_o forget_v or_o be_v not_o willing_a to_o remember_v the_o service_n which_o the_o polander_n have_v do_v he_o in_o the_o year_n 1414_o when_o they_o oblige_v the_o turk_n to_o restore_v all_o the_o prisoner_n they_o have_v take_v and_o to_o grant_v he_o a_o truce_n for_o six_o year_n and_o that_o jagellon_fw-mi not_o only_o refuse_v the_o crown_n of_o bohemia_n which_o the_o revolt_a hussites_n have_v offer_v he_o but_o exhort_v they_o to_o return_v to_o their_o obedience_n to_o the_o church_n and_o to_o their_o prince_n thus_o without_o consider_v those_o important_a service_n and_o without_o examine_v the_o matter_n he_o give_v judgement_n against_o the_o polander_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n which_o so_o incense_v king_n jagellon_n that_o he_o dispatch_v one_o immediate_o to_o reproach_v he_o with_o his_o ingratitude_n and_o injustice_n and_o to_o tell_v he_o that_o he_o renounce_v his_o friendship_n whereupon_o sigismond_n endeavour_v to_o excuse_v himself_o by_o pretend_v that_o he_o be_v impose_v upon_o by_o the_o knight_n though_o the_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v just_a cause_n to_o be_v angry_a with_o he_o he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o seem_v to_o take_v notice_n of_o his_o resentment_n that_o he_o go_v as_o far_o as_o luceoria_n to_o see_v he_o and_o his_o uncle_n vitold_v pretend_v a_o earnest_a desire_n to_o be_v reconcile_v to_o they_o though_o his_o real_a design_n be_v to_o divide_v '_o they_o he_o know_v that_o the_o latter_a be_v a_o violent_a and_o ambitious_a prince_n and_o that_o his_o nephew_n have_v entrust_v he_o with_o a_o very_a great_a authority_n in_o lithuania_n and_o resolve_v to_o make_v use_n of_o this_o opportunity_n to_o corrupt_v his_o fidelity_n and_o inspire_v he_o with_o a_o inclination_n to_o revolt_v he_o insinuate_v that_o a_o prince_n of_o so_o much_o merit_n ought_v not_o to_o depend_v â—pon_o his_o nephew_n but_o to_o think_v how_o
the_o russian_n that_o they_o can_v never_o afterward_o be_v reconcile_v and_o this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a cause_n of_o the_o revolt_n of_o the_o cossack_n and_o of_o all_o the_o disaster_n with_o which_o poland_n be_v afterward_o harass_v such_o be_v the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o that_o change_n of_o religion_n and_o of_o those_o ceremony_n which_o the_o polish_v gentry_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n they_o ought_v to_o have_v consider_v that_o the_o best_a innovation_n be_v frequent_o attend_v with_o fatal_a consequence_n and_o their_o own_o country_n may_v have_v furnish_v they_o with_o a_o very_a instructive_a example_n of_o this_o nature_n the_o lutheran_n doctrine_n be_v introduce_v into_o riga_n by_o a_o sedition_n of_o the_o mean_a sort_n of_o people_n in_o the_o year_n 1586_o not_o long_o after_o the_o reformation_n of_o the_o calendar_n make_v by_o pope_n gregory_n xiii_o have_v be_v publish_v there_o some_o person_n resolve_v to_o celebrate_v the_o feast_n of_o our_o saviour_n nativity_n according_a to_o the_o ancient_a calendar_n the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n imprison_v the_o principal_a of_o the_o college_n because_o he_o be_v the_o first_o who_o act_v contrary_a to_o the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n which_o raise_v so_o great_a a_o uproar_v in_o the_o city_n that_o the_o people_n in_o the_o nighttime_n break_v open_v the_o prison_n and_o pull_v down_o the_o house_n of_o the_o curate_n and_o of_o the_o governor_n and_o even_o the_o disorder_n be_v so_o great_a that_o almost_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n take_v up_o arm_n against_o those_o who_o defend_v the_o roman-catholick_n religion_n and_o especial_o the_o jesuit_n who_o king_n stephen_n battori_n have_v settle_v there_o in_o the_o year_n 1582_o after_o he_o have_v give_v they_o certain_a revenue_n and_o a_o church_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o canon_n during_o the_o heat_n of_o the_o tumult_n the_o incense_a people_n imprison_v some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o put_v some_o other_o to_o death_n so_o that_o be_v sensible_a of_o their_o gild_n and_o despair_v of_o pardon_n they_o put_v themselves_o under_o the_o protection_n of_o other_o lutheran_n and_o never_o afterward_o return_v to_o their_o ancient_a religion_n thus_o it_o be_v plain_a that_o the_o restrain_v of_o the_o cossack_n from_o make_v incursion_n and_o the_o change_n of_o religion_n which_o the_o lord_n of_o poland_n will_v have_v introduce_v into_o their_o territory_n in_o russia_n and_o vkrania_n be_v the_o two_o principal_a cause_n of_o that_o people_n revolt_n but_o there_o be_v also_o another_o reason_n that_o cause_v that_o fierce_a and_o untractable_a nation_n to_o rebel_v the_o gentry_n of_o upper_a volhinia_n be_v so_o addict_v to_o tyranny_n and_o oppression_n that_o they_o can_v not_o endure_v the_o cossack_n because_o their_o neighbourhood_n give_v a_o bad_a example_n to_o all_o their_o subject_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o shake_v off_o the_o insupportable_a yoke_n of_o servitude_n for_o they_o think_v it_o better_a to_o live_v like_o the_o cossack_n at_o liberty_n and_o without_o constraint_n than_o to_o work_v and_o till_o the_o ground_n for_o the_o use_n of_o their_o oppressor_n so_o that_o the_o tyranny_n of_o the_o gentleman_n augment_v the_o number_n of_o the_o cossack_n by_o force_v the_o peasant_n to_o forsake_v their_o habitation_n and_o retire_v to_o they_o the_o four_o reason_n that_o the_o cossack_n have_v to_o complain_v of_o the_o gentry_n proceed_v from_o the_o sordid_a usury_n and_o insatiable_a avarice_n of_o the_o jew_n who_o be_v very_o numerous_a in_o poland_n except_o in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n where_o they_o be_v only_o permit_v to_o remain_v when_o there_o be_v a_o diet_n sit_v at_o warsaw_n they_o live_v miserable_o through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n because_o they_o be_v oppress_v and_o squeeze_v by_o the_o gentry_n they_o be_v usual_o the_o person_n who_o sell_v aquavitae_a and_o beer_n and_o farm_v the_o custom_n of_o the_o lord_n which_o they_o do_v for_o the_o most_o part_n at_o a_o excessive_a price_n and_o this_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o make_v bad_a brandy_n and_o beer_n they_o be_v first_o introduce_v into_o poland_n by_o a_o duke_n of_o kalisch_n who_o bring_v they_o from_o germany_n and_o establish_v they_o in_o his_o and_o some_o other_o city_n of_o lower_n poland_n from_o whence_o they_o spread_v themselves_o throughout_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n they_o have_v the_o privilege_n not_o to_o acknowledge_v any_o judge_n but_o only_o the_o palatine_n who_o they_o easy_o soften_v not_o to_o say_v corrupt_a by_o the_o present_v they_o make_v they_o their_o usury_n and_o exaction_n upon_o the_o people_n have_v sometime_o rise_v to_o such_o a_o exorbitant_a height_n that_o they_o have_v obtain_v a_o prohibition_n for_o any_o private_a person_n to_o brew_v beer_n not_o even_o for_o themselves_o by_o which_o mean_n they_o oblige_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o the_o kingdom_n to_o buy_v it_o of_o they_o at_o what_o price_n they_o please_v to_o impose_v upon_o it_o the_o son_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1647_o the_o cossack_n begin_v again_o to_o revolt_v under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o chemeinski_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o make_v the_o cossack_n join_v the_o tartar_n notwithstanding_o the_o mortal_a enmity_n that_o be_v former_o betwixt_o they_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a difference_n of_o their_o language_n manner_n and_o religion_n after_o they_o be_v thus_o unite_v in_o the_o year_n 1648_o they_o make_v a_o terrible_a havoc_n in_o poland_n but_o before_o i_o proceed_v to_o relate_v their_o barbarity_n it_o will_v not_o be_v improper_a to_o give_v a_o short_a character_n of_o chemelnski_n he_o understand_v war_n very_o well_o and_o be_v once_o secretary_n to_o the_o army_n he_o be_v also_o a_o man_n of_o learning_n and_o have_v study_v with_o the_o jesuit_n at_o leopold_n he_o know_v the_o weak_a side_n of_o the_o court_n of_o poland_n have_v be_v several_a time_n there_o in_o the_o quality_n of_o a_o envoy_n he_o be_v so_o exasperate_v by_o the_o loss_n of_o a_o estate_n which_o a_o polish_v lord_n have_v take_v from_o he_o by_o a_o lawsuit_n that_o immediate_o he_o have_v recourse_n to_o force_v and_o have_v gather_v out_o of_o the_o isle_n of_o the_o boristhenes_n a_o multitude_n of_o people_n like_o himself_o and_o corrupt_v the_o cossack_n in_o the_o polish_v army_n he_o soon_o after_o prevail_v with_o the_o neighbour_a tartar_n to_o join_v he_o with_o who_o assistance_n he_o fall_v unexpected_o upon_o the_o polander_n who_o guard_v the_o frontier_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o afterward_o cut_v in_o piece_n part_n of_o their_o army_n and_o send_v the_o rest_n with_o their_o commander_n into_o slavery_n to_o tartary_n from_o that_o time_n he_o so_o manage_v the_o republic_n that_o sometime_o he_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v appease_v by_o promise_n and_o then_o raise_v a_o new_a insurrection_n according_a to_o the_o posture_n of_o his_o affair_n it_o be_v true_a he_o be_v sometime_o beat_v by_o the_o polander_n but_o it_o be_v no_o less_o certain_a that_o he_o always_o keep_v the_o advantage_n over_o they_o either_o by_o his_o own_o dexterity_n or_o by_o the_o division_n or_o neglect_v of_o the_o polish_v general_n who_o can_v not_o make_v a_o right_a use_n of_o their_o victory_n he_o be_v often_o reconcile_v to_o the_o republic_n but_o never_o trust_v in_o they_o he_o be_v natural_o of_o a_o turbulent_a spirit_n keep_v his_o man_n always_o in_o arm_n against_o poland_n and_o fortify_v his_o interest_n by_o the_o affiance_n of_o some_o potent_a neighbour_n for_o it_o be_v his_o constant_a practice_n to_o change_v his_o affies_n according_a to_o the_o state_n of_o his_o affair_n thus_o after_o the_o tartar_n have_v conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o king_n john_n casimir_n he_o implore_v the_o protection_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o muscovy_n so_o that_o poland_n can_v hardly_o entertain_v any_o hope_n of_o be_v able_a to_o reduce_v the_o cossack_n during_o the_o life_n of_o so_o politic_a a_o general_n after_o the_o death_n of_o vladislaus_n iv_o may_v 30_o 1648_o john_n casimir_n his_o brother_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n nou._n 17_o in_o the_o same_o year_n he_o immediate_o apply_v himself_o to_o remedy_v the_o ill_a state_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o to_o repair_v the_o loss_n it_o have_v sustain_v by_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o cossack_n and_o tartar_n have_v make_v even_o into_o the_o very_a heart_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o the_o defeat_n at_o pilaveze_n sept._n 29_o 1648._o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o polish_v army_n be_v compose_v of_o new-raised_a soldier_n and_o of_o militia_n they_o be_v encamp_v near_o the_o cossack_n end_n have_v even_o obtain_v some_o advantage_n over_o they_o but_o those_o revolter_n have_v make_v a_o great_a noise_n in_o the_o evening_n with_o
controversy_n by_o the_o way_n of_o arm_n in_o public_a this_o be_v their_o way_n of_o live_v then_o which_o be_v not_o yet_o altogether_o abolish_v in_o some_o place_n but_o in_o process_n of_o time_n prince_n and_o then_o king_n be_v bring_v in_o among_o they_o yet_o with_o a_o more_o limit_a authority_n than_o in_o other_o country_n and_o after_o a_o elective_a manner_n as_o for_o law_n king_n casimir_n introduce_v the_o teutonick_n there_o in_o the_o year_n 1368._o and_o establish_v a_o sovereign_a court_n of_o justice_n at_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n as_o in_o the_o middle_n of_o his_o kingdom_n for_o poland_n be_v then_o of_o a_o far_o great_a extent_n than_o it_o be_v now_o so_o that_o the_o city_n of_o cracow_n be_v in_o a_o manner_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o great_a state_n whereas_o at_o this_o time_n it_o may_v be_v almost_o call_v a_o frontier_n town_n since_o it_o be_v but_o twelve_o league_n from_o thence_o to_o silesia_n which_o be_v then_o a_o province_n of_o poland_n and_o now_o belong_v to_o the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n on_o the_o account_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o king_n use_v always_o to_o have_v a_o right_a to_o make_v the_o people_n take_v up_o arm_n as_o often_o as_o it_o be_v necessary_a and_o every_o man_n be_v excite_v to_o give_v some_o proof_n of_o valour_n because_o there_o be_v no_o other_o mean_n to_o rise_v and_o obtain_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n neither_o be_v there_o any_o other_o reward_n to_o be_v expect_v as_o for_o those_o who_o be_v not_o stir_v up_o by_o the_o desire_n of_o honour_n and_o advancement_n the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n use_v to_o prevail_v with_o they_o for_o those_o who_o do_v not_o obey_v the_o king_n order_n be_v either_o whip_v with_o cord_n or_o cudgel_v into_o fight_v which_o convince_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o necessity_n of_o take_v arm_n with_o all_o speed_n in_o those_o day_n it_o be_v not_o the_o custom_n to_o levy_v military_a man_n with_o money_n in_o poland_n for_o there_o be_v none_o at_o that_o time_n in_o that_o kingdom_n where_o they_o then_o till_v the_o ground_n bare_o to_o supply_v the_o necessity_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n and_o have_v no_o thought_n of_o export_v corn_n out_o of_o the_o country_n nor_o of_o import_v those_o thing_n that_o serve_v only_o for_o superfluity_n and_o good_a cheer_v the_o soil_n which_o be_v fruitful_a of_o itself_o supply_v every_o one_o with_o a_o sufficient_a subsistence_n so_o that_o the_o peasant_n be_v not_o compel_v to_o work_v hard_o for_o if_o they_o wrought_v never_o so_o little_a they_o do_v enough_o for_o their_o master_n and_o for_o themselves_o but_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o polish_v gentleman_n begin_v to_o exchange_v corn_n for_o foreign_a merchandise_n and_o riches_n and_o luxury_n be_v bring_v into_o that_o kingdom_n the_o military_a vigour_n begin_v to_o abate_v and_o the_o slavery_n of_o the_o peasant_n become_v intolerable_a poland_n be_v now_o proper_o a_o republic_n and_o it_o be_v by_o that_o name_n that_o the_o polander_n call_v it_o look_v upon_o their_o king_n as_o be_v no_o more_o than_o the_o head_n of_o their_o common_a wealth_n this_o make_v they_o lessen_v the_o king_n authority_n more_o and_o more_o when_o a_o new_a one_o be_v to_o be_v elect_v still_o enlarge_a their_o own_o privilege_n and_o take_v care_n that_o his_o prerogative_n may_v not_o grow_v too_o great_a they_o be_v indeed_o so_o jealous_a of_o their_o liberty_n and_o so_o afraid_a of_o lose_v it_o that_o they_o will_v not_o have_v any_o fortify_v town_n upon_o the_o frontier_n for_o fear_v the_o king_n shall_v put_v a_o garrison_n in_o it_o and_o so_o shall_v make_v himself_o absolute_a master_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n by_o degree_n that_o sentiment_n be_v so_o strong_o root_v within_o their_o heart_n that_o they_o prepossess_v their_o child_n with_o it_o betimes_o make_v they_o believe_v that_o their_o native_a freedom_n will_v soon_o be_v lose_v if_o ever_o they_o suffer_v any_o town_n to_o be_v fortify_v upon_o the_o frontier_n but_o they_o do_v not_o consider_v that_o while_o they_o design_v to_o shun_v a_o great_a evil_n they_o fall_v into_o another_o that_o be_v worse_a since_o their_o neighbour_n who_o be_v all_o of_o they_o their_o enemy_n find_v the_o country_n open_a easy_o invade_v it_o and_o from_o time_n to_o time_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o some_o part_n of_o their_o state_n before_o the_o polander_n can_v be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o oppose_v their_o eruption_n as_o the_o swede_n do_v which_o i_o have_v already_o mention_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o three_o order_n the_o king_n the_o senate_n and_o the_o nobility_n or_o gentry_n thus_o all_o the_o rite_n and_o privilege_n be_v joint_o hold_v by_o those_o three_o order_n insomuch_o that_o there_o can_v be_v no_o law_n make_v nor_o abrogate_a no_o war_n levy_v no_o alliance_n conclude_v with_o foreigner_n no_o imposition_n lay_v 〈◊〉_d nor_o no_o money_n coin_a but_o with_o the_o joint_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a republic_n or_o of_o the_o senator_n that_o be_v depute_v for_o that_o end_n therefore_o some_o of_o these_o be_v always_o near_o the_o king_n person_n in_o order_n to_o preserve_v the_o law_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o kingdom_n chap._n vii_o of_o the_o king_n the_o king_n dispose_v of_o all_o the_o consistorial_n benefice_n and_o of_o many_o other_o as_o also_o of_o all_o the_o office_n and_o place_n of_o profit_n in_o the_o gift_n of_o the_o crown_n for_o he_o can_v keep_v they_o to_o himself_o and_o be_v oblige_v to_o bestow_v they_o upon_o the_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o not_o upon_o foreigner_n though_o they_o have_v never_o so_o much_o personal_a merit_n or_o have_v do_v never_o so_o much_o service_n to_o the_o republic_n for_o the_o polander_n be_v so_o jealous_a of_o foreigner_n that_o they_o can_v endure_v that_o the_o king_n shall_v make_v they_o any_o connderable_a gratification_n as_o for_o instance_n in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n stephen_n batori_n the_o hungarian_n have_v be_v very_o serviceable_a to_o the_o republic_n in_o the_o war_n against_o the_o muscovite_n now_o that_o brave_a prince_n who_o have_v invite_v many_o of_o they_o into_o poland_n to_o repel_v that_o encroach_a enemy_n with_o their_o assistance_n think_v himself_o oblige_v to_o bestow_v some_o suitable_a reward_n upon_o they_o but_o he_o have_v no_o soon_o do_v this_o but_o that_o several_a of_o the_o great_a man_n of_o poland_n be_v strange_o exasperate_v particular_o the_o great_a general_n who_o resent_v it_o so_o high_o that_o he_o resign_v his_o place_n upon_o that_o account_n many_o other_o also_o murmur_v open_o against_o that_o prince_n which_o usage_n may_v seem_v the_o more_o ungenerous_a and_o ungrateful_a see_v they_o be_v so_o much_o oblige_v to_o that_o warlike_a king_n who_o have_v atcheive_v brave_a and_o great_a action_n for_o poland_n than_o any_o of_o his_o predecessor_n thus_o all_o that_o a_o foreigner_n can_v pretend_v to_o in_o that_o republic_n can_v amount_v to_o no_o more_o than_o the_o obtain_n the_o command_n of_o a_o regiment_n of_o foot_n or_o the_o grant_n of_o some_o little_a royal_a gift_n beside_o that_o he_o may_v be_v due_o qualify_v for_o the_o possession_n of_o it_o he_o must_v first_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n for_o otherwise_o the_o king_n can_v bestow_v any_o such_o thing_n upon_o he_o however_o there_o be_v some_o little_a royal_a gift_n and_o benefice_n which_o a_o man_n may_v hold_v without_o be_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n but_o in_o the_o main_a it_o be_v so_o certain_a that_o there_o be_v a_o necessity_n of_o be_v make_v a_o gentleman_n of_o poland_n to_o possess_v a_o estate_n or_o place_n of_o considerable_a profit_n in_o that_o kingdom_n that_o king_n stephen_n battori_n who_o we_o just_a now_o mention_v think_v fit_a to_o procure_v the_o indigenate_n that_o be_v the_o right_n of_o nobility_n to_o two_o of_o his_o kinsman_n at_o the_o session_n of_o the_o diet_n which_o he_o have_v summon_v to_o meet_v the_o 13_o of_o december_n 1386._o for_o as_o he_o have_v no_o child_n he_o be_v desirous_a of_o advance_v those_o of_o his_o brother_n and_o be_v persuade_v that_o this_o naturalisation_n will_v enable_v he_o to_o prefer_v they_o to_o something_o more_o considerable_a but_o that_o great_a prince_n be_v prevent_v by_o death_n in_o the_o fifty_o four_o year_n of_o his_o age_n after_o he_o have_v reign_v ten_o year_n one_o will_v be_v apt_a to_o think_v that_o this_o mighty_a power_n which_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v to_o dispose_v of_o so_o many_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o profit_n of_o so_o many_o land_n by_o royal_a tenure_n and_o of_o so_o many_o benefice_n must_v need_v gain_v he_o the_o love_n and_o affection_n of_o those_o on_o who_o they_o
hundred_o thousand_o livre_n all_o this_o provide_v he_o may_v marry_v hedwige_n and_o be_v elect_v king_n of_o poland_n these_o advantageous_a proposal_n be_v hearken_v to_o and_o grant_v and_o according_o he_o be_v elect_a king_n by_o these_o mean_v lithuania_n be_v in_o time_n unite_v to_o poland_n and_o from_o a_o hereditaty_a state_n be_v become_v a_o part_n of_o a_o elective_a republic_n which_o change_n some_o of_o the_o king_n of_o the_o race_n of_o jagello_n do_v not_o altogether_o approve_v nor_o can_v it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o be_v full_o effect_v till_o the_o extinction_n of_o that_o family_n for_o be_v unwilling_a to_o deprive_v their_o heir_n of_o a_o hereditary_a right_n by_o submit_v to_o make_v lithuania_n elective_a they_o still_o delay_v the_o confirmation_n of_o the_o convention_n allege_v that_o the_o nobility_n and_o people_n of_o lithuania_n will_v never_o suffer_v it_o lest_o by_o such_o a_o union_n they_o shall_v lose_v their_o ancient_a degree_n and_o dignity_n thing_n remain_v in_o this_o condition_n while_o there_o be_v prince_n of_o that_o family_n to_o be_v elect_v at_o last_o the_o lithuanian_n perceive_v that_o it_o be_v extinct_a as_o to_o male_n after_o the_o death_n of_o king_n sigismond_n augustus_n and_o be_v afraid_a of_o eruption_n from_o their_o encroach_a neighbour_n the_o muscovite_n they_o consent_v to_o a_o union_n the_o example_n of_o stephen_n batori_n verify_v also_o what_o we_o have_v already_o say_v of_o the_o regard_n which_o the_o pole_n have_v to_o the_o royal_a family_n in_o point_n of_o election_n for_o that_o prince_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n only_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n and_o be_v the_o last_o of_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n i_o must_v own_o that_o there_o be_v several_a reason_n which_o concur_v to_o cause_v the_o polander_n to_o impose_v that_o condition_n on_o stephen_n batori_fw-la for_o thus_o they_o do_v not_o only_o express_v their_o respect_n to_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n but_o avoid_v the_o expense_n which_o they_o must_v otherwise_o have_v be_v at_o for_o the_o maintain_n of_o two_o princess_n but_o that_o which_o engage_v they_o the_o rather_o to_o act_v thus_o be_v the_o abdication_n of_o henry_n of_o valds_n king_n of_o poland_n who_o have_v refuse_v to_o marry_v she_o for_o that_o prince_n have_v receive_v the_o news_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n ix_o his_o brother_n private_o leave_v poland_n the_o 18_o of_o june_n 1574_o and_o return_v to_o france_n after_o he_o have_v be_v crown_v at_o cracow_n the_o 24_o of_o february_n and_o have_v remain_v five_o month_n with_o the_o republic_n the_o polander_n therefore_o believe_v that_o they_o will_v thus_o more_o strong_o bind_v stephen_n batori_fw-la to_o their_o interest_n oblige_v he_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n anne_n though_o she_o be_v somewhat_o elderly_a but_o this_o prove_v of_o a_o very_a unhappy_a consequence_n for_o all_o the_o church_n of_o sweden_n for_o stephen_n battori_n die_v afterward_o at_o iroane_n on_o the_o 12_o of_o december_n 1586_o without_o leave_v any_o issue_n the_o republic_n still_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o the_o family_n of_o the_o jagellone_n choose_v sigismond_n the_o three_o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o of_o catharine_n sister_n to_o sigismond_n augustus_n and_o thus_o nephew_n to_o queen_n anne_n stephen_n battoris_n widow_n by_o reason_n of_o which_o election_n sigismond_n be_v oblige_v to_o make_v poland_n the_o place_n of_o his_o residence_n leave_v the_o government_n of_o sweden_n to_o his_o uncle_n the_o duke_n of_o sudermania_n who_o afterward_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o the_o kingdom_n where_o he_o abolish_v the_o roman_a religion_n and_o establish_v the_o lutheran_n which_o he_o public_o profess_v what_o i_o have_v say_v of_o the_o polander_n as_o to_o their_o prefer_v the_o offspring_n of_o their_o king_n before_o other_o be_v so_o true_a that_o from_o the_o begin_n of_o their_o acknowledge_v a_o regal_a state_n even_o at_o a_o time_n when_o they_o be_v all_o stranger_n to_o the_o christian_a religion_n they_o choose_v venda_n to_o be_v their_o queen_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o be_v leave_v of_o the_o line_n of_o cracus_n their_o third_n king_n long_o after_o this_o lewis_z king_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n have_v choose_v for_o his_o successor_n sigismond_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o have_v wed_v his_o elder_a daughter_n the_o republic_n meet_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1312_o and_o the_o diet_n past_o a_o constitution_n whereby_o sigismond_n be_v exclude_v however_o declare_v at_o the_o same_o time_n that_o there_o shall_v be_v a_o due_a regard_n have_v to_o the_o princess_n his_o wife_n the_o great_a man_n of_o the_o kingdom_n give_v afterward_o their_o vote_n for_o ziemowitz_n duke_n of_o masovia_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v wed_v hedwige_n who_o be_v king_n lewis_n daughter_n but_o queen_n elizabeth_n her_o mother_n will_v not_o consent_v that_o her_o daughter_n shall_v marry_v so_o inconsiderable_a a_o prince_n as_o be_v the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n though_o he_o be_v of_o the_o royal_a house_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v not_o only_o some_o consideration_n for_o all_o those_o of_o the_o royal_a family_n but_o that_o they_o have_v also_o a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o widow_n of_o their_o king_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o they_o oblige_v king_n john_n casimir_n to_o marry_v queen_n maria_n aloisia_n the_o widow_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o four_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n this_o will_v further_o appear_v by_o the_o proposal_n that_o be_v make_v to_o queen_n eleonor_n of_o austria_n the_o widow_n of_o king_n michael_n during_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n in_o the_o year_n 1674._o for_o the_o pole_n insist_v upon_o that_o queen_n marry_v the_o prince_n of_o newburg_n for_o who_o the_o french_a use_v their_o interest_n insomuch_o that_o on_o the_o 18_o of_o may_n four_o bishop_n come_v to_o that_o queen_n and_o assure_v she_o that_o provide_v she_o will_v consent_v to_o wed_v that_o prince_n he_o will_v certain_o be_v elect_v and_o that_o by_o this_o mean_v the_o mind_n of_o all_o the_o different_a party_n will_v be_v reunite_v but_o queen_n eleonor_n who_o be_v the_o emperor_n sister_n and_o who_o then_o do_v nothing_o but_o by_o the_o advice_n of_o chancellor_n patz_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o minister_n of_o the_o court_n of_o vienna_n make_v they_o no_o other_o answer_n but_o that_o she_o have_v some_o friend_n in_o the_o diet_n who_o will_v take_v care_n of_o her_o interest_n a_o draw_v trezebsckâ—_n bishop_n of_o cracow_n be_v one_o of_o the_o four_o that_o be_v depute_v on_o that_o account_n to_o the_o queen_n and_o afterward_o to_o chancellor_n patz_n who_o as_o i_o have_v say_v be_v her_o chief_a 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when_o ever_o he_o have_v engage_v it_o to_o any_o body_n he_o be_v sure_a to_o keep_v it_o inviolable_o his_o own_o interest_n not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v he_o recant_v and_o indeed_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o have_v with_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n ambassador_n at_o belveder_n whither_o i_o keep_v he_o company_n make_v it_o plain_o appear_v that_o his_o own_o interest_n alone_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o make_v he_o alter_v his_o measure_n for_o i_o understand_v afterward_o from_o he_o that_o considerable_a offer_n have_v be_v make_v he_o and_o that_o it_o have_v be_v represent_v to_o he_o what_o advantage_n the_o election_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n will_v bring_v to_o all_o his_o family_n but_o all_o this_o do_v not_o in_o the_o least_o affect_v he_o and_o so_o that_o conference_n be_v to_o no_o purpose_n neither_o for_o he_o nor_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o newburgh_n
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mouth_n of_o the_o river_n vistula_n that_o city_n till_o the_o year_n 1170_o consist_v only_o of_o some_o fishermen_n cottage_n but_o have_v raise_v itself_o since_o that_o time_n to_o such_o a_o height_n of_o greatness_n that_o it_o pass_v now_o for_o one_o of_o the_o principal_a city_n of_o europe_n it_o must_v indeed_o be_v own_a that_o it_o be_v a_o fine_a and_o stately_a place_n and_o its_o port_n or_o harbour_v very_o famous_a but_o of_o difficult_a access_n because_o the_o vistula_n divide_v itself_o into_o several_a branch_n before_o it_o discharge_v itself_o into_o the_o sea_n and_o that_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o dantzic_n be_v one_o of_o the_o least_o of_o they_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o great_a ship_n have_v not_o water_n enough_o to_o anchor_v with_o their_o lade_n through_o that_o branch_n into_o the_o harbour_n of_o dantzic_n between_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o river_n and_o the_o port_n there_o lie_v a_o fort_n which_o be_v call_v the_o light-house_n 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deputy_n to_o come_v into_o their_o city_n dantzic_n be_v the_o capital_a city_n of_o all_o prussia_n it_o be_v about_o seven_o league_n from_o elbing_n and_o twenty_o six_o from_o thorn_n it_o be_v well_o enough_o fortify_v consider_v the_o country_n since_o the_o irruption_n which_o the_o sweede_v make_v into_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1655._o but_o there_o be_v some_o ground_n that_o overlook_v and_o command_v it_o on_o the_o westside_n from_o this_o town_n the_o polander_n draw_v what_o good_n they_o want_v of_o foreign_a growth_n and_o manufacture_n as_o cloth_n silk_n stuff_n leather_n paper_n sugar_n oil_n and_o all_o the_o spice_n which_o they_o use_v in_o very_o great_a quantity_n to_o season_n their_o fish_n and_o other_o meat_n i_o do_v not_o speak_v of_o the_o wine_n and_o brandy_n nor_o of_o the_o salt_n which_o be_v bring_v thither_o from_o france_n and_o worth_a but_o a_o crown_n the_o french_a muid_n or_o hogshead_n because_o as_o for_o wine_n the_o pole_n like_o no_o other_o but_o that_o of_o hungary_n as_o for_o brandy_n they_o make_v it_o at_o home_n with_o corn_n and_o as_o for_o salt_n their_o country_n abound_v with_o it_o thus_o the_o wine_n brandy_n and_o salt_n that_o come_v from_o france_n to_o dantzic_n serve_v only_o for_o prussia_n however_o there_o be_v such_o considerable_a quantity_n of_o other_o good_n export_v from_o dantzic_n to_o poland_n and_o so_o great_a a_o return_v make_v from_o that_o kingdom_n thither_o in_o corn_n money_n and_o other_o thing_n that_o as_o it_o be_v the_o only_a place_n from_o which_o they_o draw_v all_o their_o necessary_n and_o to_o which_o they_o trade_n it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o least_o to_o be_v admire_v how_o that_o town_n be_v come_v to_o be_v so_o rich_a and_o considerable_a all_o the_o dantzicker_n be_v former_o roman_a catholic_n but_o they_o embrace_v the_o
lutheran_n persuasion_n in_o the_o last_o age_n as_o do_v most_o of_o the_o northern_a nation_n they_o begin_v to_o imbibe_n that_o doctrine_n in_o the_o year_n 1525._o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n the_o first_o who_o do_v not_o dare_v to_o oppose_v it_o because_o he_o be_v afraid_a of_o engage_v in_o a_o war_n with_o the_o teutonic_n knight_n the_o truce_n which_o he_o have_v make_v with_o they_o be_v then_o near_o expire_v sigismond_n augustus_n have_v afterward_o receive_v the_o homage_n and_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o himself_o and_o the_o republic_n from_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n he_o confirm_v the_o people_n of_o prussia_n in_o their_o ancient_a right_n and_o privilege_n and_o give_v they_o leave_v to_o make_v open_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n belief_n according_a to_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n of_o dantzic_n be_v lutheran_n and_o the_o other_o part_n calvinist_n there_o be_v only_o some_o few_o roman_a catholik_o and_o anabaptist_n for_o there_o be_v a_o entire_a liberty_n of_o conscience_n yet_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n that_o the_o whole_a government_n be_v in_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o lutheran_n none_o of_o the_o other_o sect_n be_v admit_v to_o a_o share_n the_o roman_a catholik_o have_v a_o church_n there_o which_o be_v a_o convent_n of_o dominican_n monk_n which_o serve_v for_o a_o parish_n to_o all_o those_o that_o reside_v in_o the_o town_n the_o jesuit_n have_v also_o a_o house_n in_o the_o suburb_n where_o there_o be_v likewise_o a_o nunnery_n as_o for_o the_o lutheran_n they_o have_v that_o stately_a church_n which_o be_v of_o old_a enjoy_v by_o the_o roman_a catholic_n and_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o fine_a building_n that_o i_o have_v see_v in_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n that_o at_o dantzic_n even_o among_o the_o lutheran_n they_o acknowledge_v the_o pope_n nunicio_n that_o reside_v in_o poland_n in_o several_a eclesiastical_a case_n as_o for_o licenses_fw-la and_o dispensation_n to_o marry_v in_o a_o degree_n forbid_v by_o the_o canon_n i_o have_v no_o more_o to_o say_v of_o the_o city_n of_o dantzic_n but_o only_o that_o it_o disclaim_v the_o jurisdiction_n of_o poland_n its_o inhabitant_n say_v that_o it_o do_v not_o submit_v to_o the_o polander_n but_o only_o to_o the_o king_n to_o vindicate_v that_o right_n of_o exemption_n the_o dantzicker_n take_v arm_n in_o the_o year_n 1576._o and_o march_v as_o far_o as_o ditschow_n upon_o the_o vistula_n with_o some_o force_n which_o they_o have_v raise_v under_o the_o command_n of_o a_o certain_a officer_n call_v john_n of_o cologn_n who_o have_v before_o that_o deafen_a marienburg_n but_o they_o be_v defeat_v by_o the_o army_n of_o poland_n however_o the_o king_n afterward_o forgive_v they_o at_o the_o entreaty_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n and_o brandenburg_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v send_v any_o ambassador_n to_o foreign_a prince_n nor_o receive_v any_o from_o they_o without_o the_o senate_n consent_n though_o it_o be_v he_o that_o be_v to_o give_v they_o audience_n neither_o can_v he_o leave_v the_o kingdom_n upon_o any_o account_n let_v the_o importance_n be_v what_o it_o will_n sigismond_n iii_n have_v hear_v of_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n king_n of_o sweden_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o month_n of_o may_n 1592._o that_o the_o republic_n may_v consent_v to_o the_o journey_n which_o he_o intend_v to_o take_v into_o swedeland_n and_o lewis_n king_n of_o hungary_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o the_o year_n 1370_o have_v a_o desire_n to_o return_v into_o hungary_n be_v oblige_v to_o ask_v consent_n and_o to_o enlarge_v the_o privilege_n of_o the_o nobility_n that_o he_o may_v obtain_v it_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v a_o right_a to_o judge_v and_o determine_v civil_a and_o criminal_a case_n the_o definitive_a sentence_n in_o all_o jurisdiction_n be_v past_o according_a to_o the_o majority_n of_o vote_n but_o in_o criminal_a case_n the_o king_n be_v single_a vote_n save_v the_o offender_n life_n and_o this_o because_o he_o have_v a_o right_a to_o pardon_v all_o manner_n of_o criminal_n by_o what_o tribunal_n soever_o they_o be_v condemn_v but_o it_o be_v otherwise_o in_o the_o decision_n of_o those_o affair_n that_o concern_v the_o republic_n which_o be_v handle_v in_o a_o general_a diet_n where_o all_o the_o nobility_n be_v assemble_v by_o its_o deputy_n for_o than_o it_o be_v absolute_o necessary_a to_o have_v the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o all_o those_o deputy_n who_o number_n be_v considerable_a before_o any_o thing_n can_v be_v conclude_v and_o determine_v so_o that_o as_o often_o as_o any_o one_o member_n of_o the_o assembly_n will_v not_o consent_v and_o enter_v his_o protestation_n the_o diet_n break_v off_o and_o all_o the_o deputy_n depart_v nor_o can_v the_o king_n oblige_v they_o to_o stay_v nor_o get_v another_o diet_n to_o assemble_v till_o three_o month_n after_o that_o which_o then_o break_v off_o but_o though_o a_o king_n of_o poland_n can_v hardly_o do_v any_o thing_n by_o himself_o yet_o he_o may_v take_v cognisance_n of_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n regulate_v their_o number_n and_o command_v the_o army_n not_o but_o that_o he_o that_o be_v great_a general_n of_o it_o still_o have_v a_o great_a authority_n over_o the_o soldier_n as_o i_o will_v show_v hereafter_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o senate_n in_o general_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o bishop_n palatine_n castellan_n and_o the_o ten_o officer_n of_o state_n who_o dignity_n entitle_v they_o to_o a_o place_n in_o that_o assembly_n it_o be_v institute_v to_o regulate_v according_a to_o the_o justice_n and_o equity_n of_o the_o law_n all_o that_o be_v transact_v for_o the_o good_a and_o security_n of_o the_o state_n the_o king_n create_v the_o senator_n and_o before_o he_o advances_n they_o to_o that_o honour_n make_v they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o the_o republic_n but_o after_o they_o be_v once_o admit_v into_o that_o body_n they_o can_v be_v afterward_o displace_v in_o the_o general_n diet_v they_o sit_v at_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n and_o not_o according_a to_o the_o seniority_n of_o their_o reception_n it_o be_v they_o who_o with_o the_o king_n approve_v and_o ratify_v all_o the_o constitution_n which_o the_o nobility_n propose_v to_o they_o by_o their_o deputy_n so_o that_o the_o senator_n be_v as_o it_o be_v mediator_n betwixt_o the_o king_n and_o the_o nobility_n to_o preserve_v and_o defend_v the_o authority_n of_o the_o republic_n for_o it_o be_v in_o this_o order_n that_o the_o authority_n be_v proper_o lodge_v not_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o great_a number_n of_o person_n of_o which_o it_o be_v compose_v but_o by_o a_o power_n they_o derive_v from_o the_o law_n which_o determine_v their_o respective_a duty_n and_o privilege_n the_o senator_n value_v their_o dignity_n so_o much_o that_o they_o despise_v all_o the_o title_n of_o honour_n which_o the_o emperor_n be_v wont_a to_o bestow_v thus_o when_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n and_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n go_v to_o vienna_n the_o emperor_n offer_v to_o confer_v upon_o the_o senator_n who_o accompany_v they_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n which_o they_o refuse_v to_o accept_v of_o say_v that_o since_o they_o be_v gentleman_n of_o poland_n and_o have_v power_n to_o treat_v with_o their_o king_n both_o of_o peace_n and_o war_n he_o do_v they_o a_o injury_n to_o think_v that_o the_o title_n of_o prince_n of_o the_o empire_n can_v either_o be_v more_o honourable_a or_o great_a than_o that_o of_o senator_n of_o the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o senator_n swear_v to_o maintain_v the_o right_n liberty_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n against_o all_o opposition_n so_o that_o if_o the_o king_n shall_v attempt_v to_o extend_v his_o power_n beyond_o the_o law_n and_o liberty_n which_o he_o be_v oblige_v by_o oath_n to_o preserve_v the_o senator_n may_v put_v he_o in_o mind_n of_o his_o duty_n and_o oath_n without_o lose_v that_o respect_n which_o be_v due_a to_o his_o majesty_n and_o therefore_o there_o ought_v always_o to_o be_v four_o senator_n at_o court_n both_o to_o assist_v the_o king_n with_o their_o counsel_n and_o to_o see_v that_o nothing_o be_v do_v contrary_a to_o their_o privilege_n which_o the_o polander_n believe_v to_o be_v the_o only_a way_n to_o secure_v the_o liberty_n of_o their_o republic_n it_o be_v also_o to_o be_v observe_v that_o none_o of_o the_o senator_n must_v go_v out_o of_o the_o kingdom_n without_o leave_n obtain_v of_o the_o republic_n not_o even_o for_o change_v of_o air_n or_o to_o drink_v the_o water_n etc._n etc._n for_o the_o recovery_n of_o their_o health_n chap._n
prince_n fly_v from_o his_o kingdom_n like_o henry_n ii_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o iii_o of_o france_n who_o have_v receive_v advice_n of_o the_o death_n of_o charles_n the_o ixth_o his_o brother_n by_o a_o courier_n that_o be_v dispatch_v to_o he_o by_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n secret_o depart_v from_o cracow_n after_o he_o have_v enjoy_v the_o crown_n of_o poland_n five_o month_n with_o the_o love_n of_o all_o the_o nobility_n who_o be_v so_o trouble_v at_o his_o flight_n and_o the_o loss_n of_o so_o good_a a_o prince_n that_o they_o write_v on_o the_o 12_o of_o may_n 1574._o a_o very_a press_v and_o respectful_a letter_n to_o persuade_v he_o to_o return_v the_o polander_n look_v upon_o the_o interregnum_n as_o the_o most_o favourable_a occasion_n to_o confider_v of_o the_o sure_a and_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o preserve_v their_o liberty_n and_o though_o the_o royal_a authority_n be_v then_o proper_o lodge_v in_o the_o senate_n it_o be_v in_o some_o measure_n represent_v by_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n as_o primate_n of_o the_o kingdom_n and_o the_o first_o of_o all_o the_o senator_n as_o i_o intimate_v before_o during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la some_o of_o the_o senator_n and_o nobleman_n be_v send_v to_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n to_o stay_v with_o they_o and_o to_o assist_v they_o with_o their_o advice_n in_o matter_n relate_v to_o the_o war._n some_o senator_n be_v also_o depute_a to_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n to_o visit_v the_o treasury_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o to_o make_v a_o inventary_a of_o it_o with_o those_o that_o have_v the_o key_n which_o they_o present_v at_o the_o next_o coronation_n commissioner_n be_v also_o appoint_v to_o inquire_v into_o the_o state_n of_o the_o revenue_n that_o be_v set_v apart_o for_o the_o king_n table_n and_o to_o give_v a_o account_n of_o it_o to_o the_o republic_n during_o the_o interregnum_fw-la and_o till_o the_o new_a king_n be_v proclaim_v the_o republic_n pretend_v that_o all_o sovereign_a prince_n and_o even_o crown_v head_n themselves_o be_v oblige_v to_o give_v they_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a but_o when_o the_o king_n of_o france_n write_v to_o the_o republic_n assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n of_o election_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o serenity_n and_o only_o write_v in_o these_o term_n to_o our_o most_o dear_a and_o great_a friend_n ally_n and_o confederate_n the_o state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o foland_n and_o great_a duchy_n of_o lithuania_n nor_o be_v it_o reasonable_a that_o a_o king_n of_o france_n shall_v give_v the_o republic_n of_o poland_n the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a since_o they_o do_v not_o give_v their_o own_o king_n either_o the_o title_n of_o most_o serene_a or_o of_o majesty_n i_o shall_v only_o observe_v further_a on_o this_o subject_a that_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n have_v notify_v by_o his_o circular_a letter_n that_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a all_o the_o court_n of_o justice_n be_v shut_v up_o and_o be_v not_o open_v again_o till_o after_o the_o coronation_n of_o the_o new_a elect_v king_n except_o the_o marshal_n court_n which_o continue_v open_a and_o another_o which_o be_v establish_v for_o decide_v controversy_n that_o may_v happen_v during_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n but_o as_o for_o all_o other_o cause_n and_o private_a law-suit_n they_o be_v not_o try_v till_o after_o the_o king_n coronation_n chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n since_o the_o kingdom_n of_o poland_n be_v elective_a all_o christian_a prince_n may_v pretend_v to_o the_o succession_n and_o send_v ambassador_n thither_o whether_o they_o be_v catholic_n or_o not_o but_o those_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o crown_n must_v either_o profess_v the_o roman_n catholic_n faith_n or_o resolve_v to_o embrace_v it_o after_o their_o election_n for_o otherwise_o he_o can_v be_v choose_v and_o it_o be_v only_o for_o this_o reason_n that_o the_o pope_n send_v a_o nuncio_n to_o the_o diet_n of_o election_n that_o he_o may_v represent_v to_o the_o republic_n that_o it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o whole_a church_n that_o they_o shall_v choose_v a_o catholic_n prince_n who_o be_v a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o the_o true_a faith_n of_o christ_n the_o polander_n usual_o choose_v a_o foreign_a prince_n for_o their_o king_n because_o they_o can_v without_o reluctancy_n submit_v to_o those_o who_o be_v former_o their_o equal_n they_o esteem_v it_o their_o happiness_n that_o they_o have_v the_o liberty_n to_o choose_v such_o a_o prince_n as_o they_o please_v but_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o their_o liberty_n be_v frequent_o the_o cause_n of_o fatal_a division_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v a_o prince_n who_o be_v king_n of_o another_o realm_n lest_o after_o his_o election_n and_o after_o he_o have_v remain_v for_o some_o time_n among_o they_o he_o shall_v leave_v they_o to_o return_v to_o his_o own_o country_n it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o after_o the_o death_n of_o casimir_n iii_n they_o will_v not_o choose_v vladislaus_n his_o son_n because_o he_o be_v king_n of_o hungary_n and_o robemia_n and_o this_o be_v also_o one_o of_o the_o reason_n which_o in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o radom_n in_o the_o year_n 1382_o make_v the_o republic_n exclude_v sigismond_n of_o luxemburg_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o pretend_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o hungary_n as_o have_v marry_v the_o elder_a daughter_n of_o lewis_n king_n of_o those_o two_o kingdom_n before_o the_o ambassador_n come_v to_o warsaw_n they_o be_v to_o notify_v their_o arrival_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n who_o appoint_v lodging_n for_o they_o at_o some_o distance_n from_o the_o city_n and_o send_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n to_o each_o of_o they_o to_o observe_v their_o action_n and_o to_o hinder_v they_o from_o make_v party_n but_o those_o rule_n be_v seldom_o put_v in_o execution_n for_o the_o ambassador_n of_o prince_n live_v open_o at_o warsaw_n it_o be_v true_a there_o be_v a_o polish_v gentleman_n appoint_v to_o attend_v every_o one_o of_o they_o during_o the_o diet_n that_o the_o republic_n may_v be_v inform_v of_o their_o proceed_n and_o that_o they_o may_v not_o have_v a_o opportunity_n to_o bribe_v or_o corrupt_v the_o deputy_n but_o this_o be_v a_o inconveniency_n that_o can_v be_v avoid_v by_o all_o these_o precation_n for_o the_o desire_n of_o money_n be_v so_o reign_v a_o vice_n in_o poland_n and_o attend_v with_o so_o little_a scandal_n and_o infamy_n that_o the_o fidelity_n which_o a_o polish_v gentleman_n owe_v to_o his_o country_n will_v not_o be_v proof_n against_o 1000_o crown_n it_o be_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o ambassador_n to_o manage_v all_o the_o senator_n and_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n since_o the_o disoblige_a of_o one_o of_o they_o may_v render_v they_o incapable_a of_o compass_v their_o design_n thus_o the_o quarrel_v with_o chancellor_n patz_n in_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o election_n anno_fw-la 1668._o be_v the_o true_a reason_n why_o the_o duke_n of_o newburg_n be_v exclude_v and_o michael_n vicznowieski_n be_v elect_v king_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o election_n be_v tumultuary_a that_o the_o nobility_n have_v not_o a_o free_a vote_n and_o that_o they_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n hurry_v away_o by_o the_o violence_n of_o the_o multitude_n which_o be_v so_o great_a that_o prasmowski_n archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n be_v force_v to_o proclaim_v he_o which_o he_o be_v unwilling_a to_o do_v because_o he_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o danger_n that_o threaten_v the_o republic_n in_o that_o juncture_n and_o of_o the_o great_a need_n they_o have_v of_o a_o rich_a and_o valiant_a prince_n at_o the_o same_o time_n he_o know_v that_o king_n michael_n want_v both_o those_o quality_n for_o he_o be_v so_o poor_a that_o during_o the_o life_n of_o queen_n mary_n lovise_n he_o have_v nothing_o to_o subsist_v upon_o as_o i_o intimate_v before_o but_o a_o pension_n which_o she_o allow_v he_o of_o 6000_o livre_n a_o year_n and_o as_o for_o his_o courage_n it_o may_v be_v guess_v at_o by_o what_o happen_v immediate_o after_o his_o election_n when_o he_o dare_v not_o resent_v the_o affront_n he_o receive_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o without_o ask_v his_o permission_n cause_v a_o prussian_a gentleman_n who_o have_v flee_v to_o poland_n for_o protection_n to_o be_v seize_v and_o carryd_v away_o before_o the_o king_n eye_n and_o almost_o under_o the_o window_n of_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v plain_a then_o that_o the_o polander_n ought_v to_o have_v choose_v a_o prince_n that_o be_v equal_o brave_a and_o rich_a and_o able_a to_o support_v their_o totter_v state_n for_o if_o they_o have_v consider_v their_o true_a interest_n in_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o sovereign_n the_o turk_n will_v never_o have_v have_v the_o
boldness_n to_o attack_v poland_n as_o they_o do_v in_o the_o reign_n of_o king_n michael_n where_o they_o enter_v vkrania_n with_o a_o powerful_a army_n and_o easy_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o caminieck_n which_o the_o polander_n can_v never_o retake_v since_o but_o as_o poland_n can_v not_o choose_v a_o poor_a so_o they_o can_v not_o have_v choose_v a_o more_o liberal_a prince_n than_o king_n michael_n and_o as_o he_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o the_o mean_n to_o display_v that_o noble_a and_o princely_a quality_n so_o providence_n order_v that_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v proclaim_v king_n he_o find_v himself_o master_n of_o rich_a furniture_n and_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o plate_n than_o any_o of_o the_o king_n his_o predecessor_n have_v ever_o enjoy_v for_o all_o the_o senator_n and_o gentleman_n who_o be_v able_a to_o make_v any_o considerable_a present_n strive_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o emulation_n to_o express_v their_o affection_n to_o their_o new_a sovereign_n so_o that_o on_o the_o day_n of_o his_o election_n he_o be_v so_o amaze_v at_o such_o a_o sudden_a and_o unexpected_a alteration_n that_o he_o can_v hardly_o forbear_v look_v upon_o it_o as_o a_o golden_a dream_n he_o be_v no_o soon_o proclaim_v but_o the_o chancellor_n begin_v to_o insinuate_v that_o he_o owe_v his_o crown_n to_o he_o nor_o be_v it_o a_o difficult_a task_n to_o impose_v upon_o a_o prince_n who_o be_v easy_o govern_v and_o have_v more_o good_a nature_n than_o judgement_n thus_o the_o chancellor_n have_v the_o pleasure_n to_o see_v that_o his_o power_n be_v as_o great_a as_o his_o ambition_n but_o that_o satisfaction_n be_v sufficient_o moderate_v by_o the_o trouble_n and_o division_n that_o happen_v under_o his_o ministry_n for_o have_v persuade_v the_o king_n without_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o republic_n to_o marry_v the_o emperor_n sister_n by_o who_o he_o have_v no_o child_n there_o be_v such_o a_o considerable_a party_n form_v against_o that_o prince_n that_o he_o be_v in_o perpetual_a danger_n of_o be_v dethrone_v and_o reduce_v in_o a_o cloister_n to_o great_a misery_n than_o that_o which_o he_o suffer_v before_o his_o election_n and_o to_o heighten_v his_o assliction_n he_o perceive_v that_o queen_n eleanor_n his_o wife_n be_v engage_v in_o the_o party_n that_o will_v have_v oblige_v he_o to_o resign_v his_o crown_n that_o she_o may_v marry_v a_o handsome_a and_o brave_a prince_n who_o picture_n she_o have_v see_v and_o who_o without_o doubt_n have_v be_v king_n of_o poland_n if_o death_n jealous_a of_o the_o happiness_n of_o that_o country_n have_v not_o snatch_v he_o away_o in_o the_o flower_n of_o his_o age_n to_o the_o regret_n of_o all_o the_o world_n and_o particular_o of_o q._n eleanor_n who_o can_v not_o forbear_v express_v her_o sorrow_n by_o her_o tear_n when_o she_o hear_v the_o news_n of_o his_o death_n among_o the_o several_a prince_n who_o pretend_v to_o dispossess_v king_n michael_n duke_n augustus_n ernest_n of_o brunswick_n bishop_n of_o osnabrug_n who_o will_v have_v willing_o exchange_v both_o his_o bishopric_n and_o religion_n for_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v one_o but_o he_o be_v marry_v he_o will_v have_v meet_v with_o great_a obstacle_n than_o the_o prince_n i_o just_a noun_n mention_v chap._n xv._o of_o the_o diet_n in_o general_n though_o as_o a_o mark_n of_o the_o obedience_n and_o respect_n which_o christian_n be_v oblige_v to_o pay_v to_o the_o clergy_n the_o polander_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o give_v the_o bishop_n the_o precedency_n in_o their_o diet_n as_o be_v the_o minister_n and_o dispenser_n of_o holy_a thing_n it_o have_v be_v sometime_o observe_v that_o the_o laity_n have_v take_v the_o liberty_n to_o dispute_v that_o honour_n with_o they_o thus_o at_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o lublin_n 1501._o under_o the_o reign_n of_o alexander_n the_o ii_o there_o happen_v a_o great_a contest_v betwixt_o the_o bishop_n and_o the_o temporal_a senator_n for_o though_o the_o latter_a be_v willing_a that_o the_o bishop_n shall_v be_v seat_v all_o in_o a_o row_n on_o the_o king_n be_v right_a hand_n they_o desire_v that_o they_o may_v also_o sit_v in_o a_o row_n on_o his_o left_a hand_n that_o so_o they_o may_v not_o be_v altogether_o beneath_o they_o this_o controversy_n be_v long_o and_o hot_o agitate_a but_o at_o last_o the_o king_n decide_v it_o in_o favour_n of_o the_o bishop_n declare_v that_o they_o shall_v still_o enjoy_v their_o ancient_a privilege_n to_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n both_o on_o his_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n a_o general_n diet_n in_o poland_n be_v a_o meeting_n of_o the_o nobility_n in_o one_o place_n to_o consult_v about_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o republic_n the_o king_n may_v appoint_v the_o meeting_n where_o he_o think_v fit_a except_o the_o diet_n of_o the_o coronation_n which_o can_v only_o be_v hold_v at_o cracow_n but_o as_o for_o the_o rest_n it_o have_v be_v always_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o appoint_v the_o place_n of_o their_o meeting_n it_o be_v true_a that_o for_o some_o time_n they_o have_v be_v always_o hold_v at_o warsaw_n but_o the_o lithuanian_n have_v make_v a_o complaint_n some_o year_n ago_o that_o they_o be_v expose_v to_o all_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o a_o long_a and_o tedious_a journey_n it_o be_v agree_v that_o one_o of_o three_o diet_n shall_v for_o the_o conveniency_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v hold_v at_o grodno_n a_o city_n of_o lithuania_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o troki_n on_o the_o river_n niemen_n about_o twenty_o league_n from_o vilna_n it_o be_v seat_v partly_o upon_o a_o plain_a and_o partly_o upon_o a_o eminence_n and_o be_v defend_v by_o a_o castle_n which_o be_v take_v and_o sack_v by_o the_o muscovite_n in_o the_o year_n 1655_o when_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o swede_n the_o other_o two_o diet_n be_v to_o be_v hold_v at_o warsaw_n which_o from_o the_o election_n of_o sigismond_n iii_o to_o that_o of_o john_n iii_o be_v always_o the_o residence_n of_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v situate_v on_o the_o vistula_n in_o the_o province_n of_o massovia_n and_o the_o diocese_n of_o posnania_n there_o be_v a_o fine_a palace_n in_o this_o city_n which_o sigssmund_n build_v after_o his_o election_n but_o there_o be_v no_o avenue_n to_o it_o and_o the_o place_n where_o it_o be_v situate_v be_v so_o straighten_v that_o one_o must_v in_o a_o manner_n divine_a how_o to_o go_v into_o it_o it_o have_v a_o very_a fine_a prospect_n but_o be_v whole_o destitute_a of_o water_n garden_n or_o tree_n nor_o can_v those_o defect_n be_v supply_v because_o on_o the_o one_o side_n it_o be_v bound_v by_o the_o house_n of_o the_o city_n and_o on_o the_o other_o by_o the_o vistula_n warsaw_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o city_n join_v together_o the_o old_a town_n which_o be_v wall_v with_o brick_n be_v small_a and_o ill_o pave_v as_o be_v all_o the_o city_n of_o poland_n but_o to_o make_v amends_o it_o be_v populous_a and_o enjoy_v a_o good_a trade_n the_o new_a town_n which_o be_v join_v to_o it_o be_v not_o considerable_a beside_o those_o two_o city_n there_o be_v also_o the_o great_a suburb_n of_o cracow_n the_o house_n of_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n build_v and_o cover_v with_o wood_n except_o some_o palace_n which_o certain_a person_n of_o quality_n have_v begin_v to_o build_v before_o the_o swedish_n invasion_n both_o because_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n have_v a_o palace_n there_o where_o they_o usual_o reside_v and_o because_o those_o prince_n design_v to_o enclose_v that_o suburb_n and_o the_o two_o city_n with_o 16_o bastion_n which_o they_o have_v already_o mark_v out_o and_o whereof_o some_o footstep_n be_v yet_o to_o be_v see_v the_o abovementioned_a palace_n where_o the_o king_n vladislaus_n and_o casimir_n reside_v have_v a_o garden_n but_o be_v destitute_a both_o of_o water_n and_o tree_n there_o be_v still_o a_o chapel_n in_o that_o suburb_n call_v the_o muscovite_n chapel_n which_o sigismond_n iii_o build_v for_o the_o bury_v place_n of_o a_o duke_n of_o muscovie_n and_o his_o brother_n who_o die_v in_o prison_n at_o gostynin_n in_o the_o palatinat_a of_o rava_n about_o three_o league_n from_o the_o city_n of_o plocsko_n upon_o the_o vistula_n to_o leave_v to_o posterity_n a_o monument_n of_o his_o victory_n over_o the_o muscovite_n it_o be_v some_o time_n ago_o give_v to_o the_o dominican_n friar_n who_o have_v settle_v a_o convent_n in_o it_o it_o be_v the_o custom_n in_o poland_n to_o hold_v petty_a diet_n in_o all_o the_o palatinat_n before_o they_o hold_v a_o great_a or_o general_a diet._n these_o petty_a diet_n must_v be_v summon_v three_o week_n before_o they_o can_v be_v hold_v and_o hold_v six_o week_n before_o the_o general_a diet_n in_o order_n to_o their_o meeting_n the_o king_n send_v
be_v redress_v and_o all_o the_o ambassador_n have_v have_v audience_n of_o the_o republic_n they_o proceed_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n but_o before_o they_o give_v their_o vote_n they_o implore_v upon_o their_o knee_n the_o assistance_n of_o the_o holy_a ghost_n by_o sing_v the_o veni_fw-la creator_n after_o which_o the_o deputy_n of_o each_o palatinat_n give_v their_o vote_n and_o communicate_v they_o to_o the_o rest_n and_o if_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o one_o candidate_n the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n or_o the_o bishop_n who_o preside_v in_o his_o palace_n demand_v thrice_o whether_o the_o grievance_n be_v redress_v and_o afterward_o proclaim_v the_o king_n elect_v which_o be_v also_o do_v by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o of_o the_o duchy_n after_o which_o they_o all_o sing_v the_o te_fw-la deum_fw-la i_o observe_v that_o the_o king_n elect_v be_v proclaim_v by_o the_o archbishop_n when_o all_o the_o vote_n be_v for_o he_o for_o it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o diet_n may_v be_v divide_v in_o which_o case_n the_o strong_a party_n carry_v it_o thus_o in_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v hold_v after_o the_o retreat_n of_o henry_n iii_o one_o party_n choose_v stephen_n battori_n and_o the_o other_o elect_v maximilian_n of_o austria_n maximilian_n design_v to_o enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n be_v prevent_v by_o stephen_n batori_n who_o arrive_v before_o he_o at_o cracow_n where_o he_o be_v crown_v the_o 18_o of_o april_n 1576._o thus_o all_o the_o voice_n be_v transmit_v to_o king_n stephen_n who_o the_o polander_v oblige_v afterward_o to_o marry_v the_o princess_n ann_n who_o they_o have_v already_o acknowledge_v for_o their_o queen_n after_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n battori_n there_o happen_v a_o much_o great_a division_n in_o the_o diet_n for_o there_o be_v two_o party_n form_v one_o of_o which_o be_v support_v by_o zamoski_n and_o the_o other_o by_o sboroski_n the_o former_a choose_v signismund_n iii_o son_n to_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o catherine_n sister_n of_o sigismond_n augustus_n the_o last_o of_o the_o race_n of_o jagellon_n and_o nephew_n to_o queen_n ann_n the_o relict_n of_o king_n stephen_n and_o this_o party_n be_v so_o strong_a that_o they_o crown_v sigismond_n at_o cracow_n the_o 27_o of_o december_n 1587._o though_o maximilian_n of_o austria_n who_o be_v elect_v by_o sborosky_n party_n have_v be_v proclaim_a king_n in_o the_o church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o warsaw_n by_o cardinal_n radziwill_n who_o be_v of_o his_o faction_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n maximilian_n enter_v into_o poland_n with_o some_o troop_n zamoski_n pursue_v he_o to_o byczin_n in_o silesia_n where_o he_o defeat_v and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n jan._n 25._o 1587._o and_o oblige_v he_o to_o renounce_v his_o title_n to_o the_o crown_n so_o that_o maximilian_n be_v a_o second_o time_n exclude_v from_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n a_o three_o time_n first_o in_o the_o person_n of_o ernest_n by_o the_o election_n of_o henry_n de_fw-fr valois_n second_o in_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o steven_n battori_n and_o a_o three_o time_n in_o the_o same_o maximilian_n by_o that_o of_o sigismond_n iii_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n though_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n and_o constitution_n of_o poland_n and_o inconsistent_a with_o the_o privilege_n of_o a_o elective_a kingdom_n it_o may_v sometime_o happen_v that_o the_o natural_a affection_n which_o most_o person_n have_v for_o their_o child_n or_o relation_n may_v induce_v they_o to_o make_v party_n in_o the_o republic_n to_o get_v they_o choose_v during_o their_o life_n thus_o in_o the_o reign_n of_o sigismond_n i._o his_o son_n sigismond_n augustus_n though_o but_o ten_o year_n old_a be_v name_v king_n during_o his_o father_n life_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o in_o the_o least_o meddle_v with_o the_o affair_n of_o poland_n till_o after_o his_o father_n death_n that_o when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v fifteen_o year_n old_a he_o shall_v swear_v to_o maintain_v all_o the_o right_n and_o privilege_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o that_o this_o example_n shall_v not_o prejudice_v a_o free_a election_n for_o the_o future_a which_o his_o father_n confirm_v by_o letter_n patent_n give_v at_o cracow_n 1530._o and_o afterward_o by_o other_o letter_n date_v at_o pâ—otrkow_n 1538._o for_o that_o prince_n live_v 82_o year_n but_o sigismond_n augustus_n be_v dead_a the_o republic_n be_v assemble_v in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n after_o they_o have_v careful_o examine_v the_o ancient_a law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n make_v a_o constitution_n by_o which_o they_o express_o prohibit_v the_o nomination_n of_o any_o successor_n for_o the_o future_a during_o the_o life_n of_o the_o reign_v prince_n that_o they_o may_v inviolable_o preserve_v the_o right_n and_o liberty_n of_o choose_v any_o sovereign_n they_o please_v nevertheless_o stephen_n battori_n see_v he_o have_v no_o child_n and_o consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n be_v expose_v during_o the_o two_o last_o interregnum_n propose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n in_o a_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n contrary_a to_o the_o abovementioned_a constitution_n but_o the_o whole_a order_n of_o the_o nobility_n oppose_v the_o design_n of_o that_o great_a king_n who_o die_v soon_o after_o at_o grodno_n in_o lithuania_n decem._n 12._o 1586._o since_o any_o christian_a prince_n may_v aspire_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v evident_o the_o interest_n of_o they_o all_o to_o oppose_v the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n which_o may_v render_v the_o kingdom_n hereditary_n and_o consequent_o ruin_v their_o pretension_n it_o be_v this_o consideration_n that_o oblige_v the_o present_a emperor_n to_o send_v francis_n de_fw-fr lisola_n to_o the_o diet_n hold_v at_o warsaw_n in_o the_o year_n 1661._o to_o oppose_v the_o design_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n who_o will_v have_v have_v a_o prince_n choose_v to_o succeed_v he_o after_o his_o death_n and_o this_o envoy_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o john_n owerbeck_n envoy_n of_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o be_v also_o apprehensive_a of_o the_o same_o design_n form_v a_o strong_a party_n and_o be_v so_o effectual_o second_v by_o marshal_n lubomirski_n that_o they_o break_v casimir_n design_n and_o prevail_v with_o the_o diet_n to_o make_v a_o constitution_n forbid_v any_o person_n for_o the_o future_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n the_o reason_n why_o king_n john_n casimir_n summon_v a_o diet_n at_o warsaw_n to_o deliberate_v about_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n be_v because_o that_o prince_n consider_v the_o danger_n to_o which_o the_o republic_n have_v be_v expose_v for_o above_o twelve_o year_n during_o which_o they_o have_v maintain_v a_o war_n against_o the_o cossack_n tartar_n muscovite_n swede_n transilvanian_o and_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o none_o of_o all_o those_o enemy_n will_v have_v invade_v poland_n if_o they_o have_v not_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o want_n of_o issue_n and_o therefore_o he_o look_v upon_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n as_o the_o most_o effectual_a way_n to_o prevent_v the_o disorder_n that_o may_v be_v occasion_v during_o a_o interregnum_fw-la by_o the_o jealousy_n and_o ambition_n of_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n and_o especial_o of_o the_o muscovite_n who_o pretend_v to_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o lithuania_n and_o to_o make_v all_o the_o inhabitant_n slave_n there_o be_v also_o many_o lithuanian_a gentleman_n who_o be_v engage_v in_o the_o same_o design_n with_o king_n casimire_n and_o have_v earnest_o desire_v that_o prince_n and_o the_o nobility_n of_o poland_n to_o consent_v to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o successor_n who_o may_v be_v able_a after_o the_o king_n death_n to_o oppose_v the_o muscovite_n who_o only_o wait_v for_o that_o opportunity_n to_o enter_v into_o lithuania_n with_o a_o great_a army_n and_o to_o possess_v themselves_o of_o that_o duchy_n a_o considerable_a number_n of_o the_o nobility_n be_v prevail_v with_o to_o comply_v with_o the_o intend_a election_n of_o a_o successor_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v choose_v again_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o piaste_n that_o be_v a_o native_a polander_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o king_n or_o sovereign_a prince_n of_o any_o other_o country_n that_o he_o shall_v not_o be_v a_o neighbour_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o unmarried_a person_n and_o one_o that_o be_v neither_o too_o young_a nor_o too_o old_a it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v that_o the_o design_n be_v good_a for_o the_o king_n and_o those_o who_o second_v his_o desire_n look_v upon_o
encamp_v that_o they_o may_v be_v perpetual_o under_o a_o strict_a discipline_n ready_a to_o oppose_v the_o enemy_n and_o by_o that_o mean_v keep_v from_o pillage_n and_o ruine_v the_o kingdom_n and_o this_o expedient_a will_v doubtless_o be_v very_o agreeable_a and_o advantageous_a to_o the_o people_n who_o can_v with_o less_o trouble_n raise_v money_n to_o pay_v the_o troop_n at_o distance_n than_o maintain_v they_o at_o home_o and_o suffer_v all_o the_o disorder_n which_o they_o commit_v in_o their_o frequent_a march_n through_o the_o country_n this_o remedy_n have_v be_v very_o much_o commend_v by_o some_o but_o other_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o if_o the_o soldier_n be_v always_o keep_v in_o a_o camp_n under_o the_o command_n of_o one_o officer_n '_o twon_v be_v a_o mean_n to_o make_v the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n too_o powerful_a thus_o the_o soldier_n continue_v to_o oppress_v the_o people_n and_o harrass_n the_o kingdom_n without_o any_o prospect_n of_o redress_n i_o intimate_v before_o that_o the_o want_n of_o discipline_n and_o the_o little_a order_n that_o be_v observe_v among_o the_o polish_v troop_n be_v the_o reason_n why_o they_o be_v oblige_v to_o raise_v a_o new_a army_n almost_o every_o year_n but_o the_o manner_n of_o pay_v their_o soldier_n which_o be_v neither_o every_o week_n nor_o every_o month_n nor_o every_o six_o month_n and_o sometime_o not_o at_o all_o be_v a_o more_o dangerous_a fault_n because_o it_o keep_v they_o under_o a_o perpetual_a temptation_n to_o desert_n for_o when_o they_o be_v in_o the_o army_n they_o live_v upon_o colewore_n root_n fruit_n which_o they_o find_v in_o the_o wood_n and_o on_o horseflesh_n when_o they_o can_v get_v it_o it_o be_v not_o the_o castom_n in_o poland_n to_o give_v ammunition-bread_n so_o that_o the_o officer_n be_v force_v to_o let_v the_o soldier_n shift_v for_o themselves_o and_o consequent_o since_o the_o great_a part_n of_o they_o be_v starve_v it_o be_v no_o wonder_n that_o they_o must_v raise_v a_o new_a army_n every_o year_n they_o pay_v the_o officer_n but_o once_o in_o the_o year_n and_o frequent_o but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o for_o that_o end_n they_o appoint_v commissioner_n to_o meet_v at_o some_o place_n remote_a from_o the_o court_n because_o by_o a_o constitution_n of_o the_o diet_n the_o king_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v present_a at_o the_o meeting_n that_o be_v hold_v for_o the_o payment_n of_o the_o soldier_n though_o every_o thing_n be_v do_v in_o his_o name_n the_o commissioner_n that_o be_v depute_v by_o the_o diet_n regulate_v the_o payment_n of_o all_o the_o officer_n and_o usual_o make_v some_o abatement_n especial_o to_o stranger_n nor_o must_v they_o be_v absolute_o blame_v for_o abridge_n the_o pay_n of_o the_o officer_n because_o they_o hardly_o lie_v out_o any_o money_n for_o the_o subsistance_n of_o their_o company_n whereas_o the_o commissioner_n make_v up_o their_o account_n as_o if_o they_o have_v entertain_v their_o soldier_n at_o their_o own_o charge_n it_o be_v plain_a the_o polish_v service_n be_v advantageous_a to_o the_o officer_n who_o be_v in_o a_o condition_n to_o wait_v some_o time_n for_o their_o mony_n the_o army_n be_v usual_o pay_v but_o once_o in_o two_o year_n and_o sometime_o the_o republic_n be_v not_o able_a to_o pay_v they_o then_o which_o occasion_n a_o universal_a murmur_a among_o the_o soldier_n and_o oblige_v they_o sometime_o to_o enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n which_o they_o do_v in_o this_o manner_n after_o the_o officer_n have_v long_o complain_v of_o the_o retain_v of_o their_o pay_n and_o have_v remonstrate_v to_o the_o court_n and_o to_o the_o diet_n that_o they_o can_v no_o long_o subsist_v without_o it_o and_o after_o they_o perceive_v that_o their_o complaint_n and_o remonstrance_n be_v neglect_v they_o assemble_v together_o and_o make_v a_o rokoâ—z_n which_o in_o the_o polish_v language_n signify_v a_o separation_n from_o their_o general_n the_o subaltern_n officer_n thus_o assemble_v choose_v two_o of_o their_o number_n one_o for_o their_o marshal_n and_o the_o other_o for_o his_o licutenant_n to_o these_o officer_n who_o they_o call_v substitute_n they_o take_v a_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n to_o oblige_v the_o republic_n to_o pay_v they_o after_o which_o the_o marshal_n command_v this_o confederate_a army_n as_o if_o he_o be_v 〈◊〉_d the_o general_n of_o it_o it_o be_v obvious_a to_o every_o consider_v person_n that_o such_o a_o revolt_n must_v be_v attend_v with_o terrible_a consequenees_n for_o then_o the_o army_n in_o stead_n of_o march_v towards_o the_o enemy_n or_o guard_v the_o frontier_n harass_n the_o country_n and_o with_o a_o unbridled_a liberty_n overruns_a the_o estate_n of_o the_o nobleman_n make_v necessity_n the_o prtext_n of_o all_o the_o disorder_n they_o commit_v the_o danger_n of_o these_o confederacy_n will_v appear_v if_o we_o reflect_v upon_o the_o violent_a proceed_n of_o the_o confederate_a army_n of_o which_o swiderski_n be_v marshal_n and_o borzecki_n substitute_n which_o be_v not_o so_o much_o occasion_v by_o want_n of_o pay_n as_o by_o the_o party_n that_o be_v form_v by_o some_o person_n who_o hope_v to_o enrich_v themselves_o during_o the_o general_n disorder_n which_o can_v not_o be_v quiet_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o trouble_n at_o leopold_n by_o king_n john_n casimir_n in_o the_o year_n 1663._o it_o be_v thus_o that_o the_o army_n enter_v into_o a_o confederacy_n though_o there_o be_v a_o law_n or_o constitution_n that_o whosoever_o shall_v presume_v to_o hold_v meeting_n make_v harangue_n raise_v sedition_n or_o enter_v into_o confederacy_n shall_v be_v guilty_a of_o death_n and_o that_o whosoever_o shall_v join_v the_o confederate_n shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o his_o estate_n and_o office_n i_o have_v also_o observe_v another_o defect_n in_o poland_n concern_v the_o office_n of_o the_o general_n of_o the_o army_n which_o be_v give_v for_o life_n so_o that_o it_o be_v not_o in_o the_o king_n power_n to_o displace_v a_o general_n who_o he_o have_v once_o advance_v though_o he_o be_v often_o oblige_v to_o confer_v this_o dignity_n upon_o some_o great_a lord_n who_o be_v perfect_o unacquainted_a with_o the_o art_n of_o war._n it_o be_v not_o at_o all_o strange_a then_o that_o poland_n shall_v suffer_v some_o loss_n from_o time_n to_o time_n and_o let_v slip_v several_a opportunity_n of_o weaken_v their_o enemy_n for_o they_o have_v more_o need_n than_o any_o other_o nation_n of_o a_o active_a and_o experience_a general_n who_o know_v how_o to_o manage_v the_o soldier_n and_o will_v not_o keep_v they_o too_o long_o in_o a_o place_n where_o there_o be_v neither_o forage_v for_o the_o horse_n nor_o subsistance_n for_o the_o foot_n who_o will_v never_o engage_v his_o troop_n in_o any_o place_n from_o whence_o he_o can_v easy_o make_v good_a his_o retreat_n nor_o ever_o neglect_v a_o advantageous_a occasion_n of_o give_v battle_n to_o his_o enemy_n and_o especial_o one_o who_o know_v that_o a_o numerous_a army_n ought_v not_o to_o engage_v with_o a_o small_a one_o in_o a_o narrow_a and_o close_a place_n because_o in_o such_o a_o case_n a_o handful_n of_o man_n may_v beat_v a_o formidable_a army_n as_o it_o appear_v for_o example_n by_o the_o instance_n of_o marshal_n lubomirski_n who_o defeat_v the_o vanguard_n of_o king_n john_n casimir_n army_n at_o the_o passage_n of_o montroi_n and_o of_o the_o teutonick_n knight_n who_o though_o much_o inferior_a in_o number_n to_o the_o army_n of_o king_n casimir_n iii_o defeat_v they_o in_o a_o place_n where_o king_n casimir_n troop_n can_v not_o extend_v themselves_o nor_o put_v themselves_o in_o battalion_n if_o therefore_o the_o polander_n have_v experience_v general_n they_o may_v one_o day_n destroy_v all_o the_o ottoman_a infantry_n for_o which_o they_o have_v have_v several_a fair_a opportunity_n they_o may_v regain_v all_o that_o they_o have_v lose_v and_o even_o extend_v their_o conquest_n far_o but_o to_o obtain_v this_o advantage_n the_o office_n of_o general_n of_o the_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v give_v for_o life_n but_o only_o to_o person_n of_o merry_a because_o there_o be_v nothing_o that_o more_o animate_v the_o courage_n of_o a_o officer_n than_o the_o hope_n of_o high_a preferment_n and_o there_o be_v more_o who_o aspire_v to_o that_o honour_n when_o they_o may_v attain_v it_o by_o their_o own_o merit_n without_o expect_v the_o death_n of_o those_o who_o possess_v it_o and_o it_o be_v certain_a that_o heretofore_o this_o office_n be_v not_o give_v for_o life_n in_o poland_n as_o it_o be_v at_o present_a for_o john_n tarnowski_n be_v the_o first_o who_o king_n sigismond_n make_v perpetual_a general_n of_o the_o army_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o aâ—serwards_o nicholas_n radziwill_n be_v advance_v to_o the_o same_o dignity_n in_o lithuania_n there_o be_v also_o in_o poland_n another_o disorder_n among_o the_o officer_n viz._n
templo_fw-la plusquam_fw-la sacerdos_n in_o republica_a plusquam_fw-la rex_fw-la in_o sententia_fw-la dicenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la senator_n in_o judicio_fw-la plusquam_fw-la jurisconsultus_fw-la in_o exercitu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la imperator_fw-la in_o acie_n plusquam_fw-la miles_n in_o adversis_fw-la perferendis_fw-la injuriisque_fw-la condonandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la vir._n in_o publica_fw-la libertate_fw-la tuenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la civis_fw-la in_o pater_fw-la colenda_fw-la plusquam_fw-la amicus_fw-la in_o convictu_fw-la plusquam_fw-la familiaris_fw-la in_o venatione_n ferisque_fw-la domandis_fw-la plusquam_fw-la leo._n in_o tota_fw-la reliqua_fw-la vita_fw-la plusquam_fw-la philosophus_fw-la sigismond_n iii_o 1587._o an._n d._n 1587._o the_o son_n of_o john_n king_n of_o sweden_n by_o catherine_n daughter_n to_o sigismond_n i._o have_v renounce_v the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n by_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o nobility_n he_o order_v maximilian_n archduke_n of_o austria_n who_o the_o crown-general_n zamoski_n have_v defeat_v to_o be_v bind_v with_o golden-fetter_n and_o carry_v to_o zamosch_n where_o he_o keep_v he_o prisoner_n two_o year_n vladislaus_n vi_o or_o iu_o the_o son_n and_o successor_n of_o sigismond_n he_o have_v the_o courage_n to_o encounter_v a_o army_n of_o 200000_o muscovite_n with_o 50000_o man_n and_o rout_v they_o entire_o after_o this_o memorable_a and_o important_a victory_n he_o take_v the_o city_n of_o moscow_n and_o return_v in_o triumph_n to_o warsaw_n with_o two_o czar_n the_o patriarch_n the_o crown_n and_o 500_o wagon_n load_v with_o rich_a spoil_n he_o defeat_v the_o grand_a signior_n osman_n and_o pursue_v he_o almost_o as_o far_o as_o constantinople_n afterward_o he_o be_v so_o animate_v with_o a_o imprudent_a zeal_n for_o the_o propagate_a of_o religion_n that_o he_o resolve_v to_o undertake_v a_o expedition_n to_o the_o holy-land_n and_o die_v for_o grief_n because_o the_o polander_n refuse_v to_o raise_v subsidy_n to_o enable_v he_o to_o prosecute_v that_o design_n after_o his_o death_n the_o kingdom_n be_v harass_v by_o the_o cossack_n who_o be_v principal_o incense_v against_o the_o jew_n and_o jesuit_n john_n casimit_n who_o be_v former_o a_o jesuit_n and_o a_o cardinal_n be_v elect_v king_n after_o his_o brother_n vladislaus_n and_o obtain_v a_o dispensation_n from_o the_o pope_n to_o marry_v his_o widow_n he_o defeat_v the_o cossack_n in_o a_o doubtful_a and_o uncertain_a battle_n near_o beresteczko_n in_o russia_n have_v by_o this_o victory_n curb_v that_o factious_a people_n and_o secure_v the_o quiet_a of_o the_o kingdom_n he_o begin_v to_o indulge_v himself_o in_o his_o pleasure_n he_o banish_v the_o vicechancellor_n of_o the_o crown_n after_o he_o have_v debauch_v his_o wife_n and_o that_o injure_v officer_n return_v to_o sweden_n persuade_v that_o prince_n to_o invade_v poland_n which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o great_a success_n that_o casimir_n be_v entire_o dispossess_v but_o he_o be_v afterward_o recall_v even_o by_o those_o who_o join_v with_o his_o enemy_n and_o after_o several_a battle_n oblige_v the_o king_n of_o sweden_n to_o make_v a_o peace_n at_o last_o by_o the_o persuasion_n of_o his_o queen_n that_o he_o may_v make_v way_n for_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n to_o succeed_v he_o he_o abdicate_v the_o government_n and_o retire_v to_o france_n where_o he_o be_v make_v abbot_n of_o st._n germane_a michael_n after_o casimir_n abdication_n several_a intrigue_n be_v make_v by_o the_o duke_n of_o lorraine_n newburg_n and_o york_n and_o the_o prince_n of_o conde_n who_o stand_v candidate_n for_o the_o crown_n at_o that_o time_n the_o duke_n of_o york_n profess_v the_o protestant_a religion_n but_o when_o that_o be_v object_v against_o he_o by_o the_o nobility_n a_o certain_a jesuit_n who_o be_v employ_v to_o manage_v his_o interest_n declare_v open_o before_o the_o senate_n of_o poland_n that_o he_o be_v a_o roman-catholick_n at_o last_o contrary_a to_o all_o expectation_n the_o election_n be_v determine_v in_o favour_n of_o michael_n coributh_n wisnowieczki_n who_o be_v descend_v of_o the_o most_o ancient_a family_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o lithuania_n this_o prince_n die_v at_o warsaw_n about_o a_o year_n after_o his_o coronation_n and_o it_o be_v common_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v poison_v by_o a_o certain_a priest_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o when_o the_o general_n sobieski_n afterward_o choose_a king_n come_v to_o see_v he_o in_o his_o coffin_n the_o nose_n of_o the_o decease_a prince_n begin_v to_o bleed_v assoon_o as_o he_o enter_v the_o room_n john_n sobieski_n this_o prince_n be_v descend_v of_o a_o very_a noble_a and_o ancient_a family_n in_o the_o palatinate_n of_o lublin_n he_o be_v the_o young_a son_n of_o sobieski_n castellan_n of_o cracow_n by_o a_o daughter_n of_o stanislas_n zolkiewski_n great_a general_n of_o the_o crown_n he_o be_v make_v great_a marshal_n of_o the_o crown_n august_n 24._o 1665_o great_a general_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o 1667_o and_o great_a master_n of_o the_o king_n household_n palatin_a of_o cracow_n etc._n etc._n he_o retake_v 60_o city_n from_o the_o rebel_n cossack_n in_o vkrania_n in_o 1667._o he_o defend_v podhais_n against_o the_o tartar_n and_o two_o year_n after_o take_v from_o they_o and_o the_o cossack_n the_o whole_a palatinate_n of_o braclaw_n in_o lower_n podolia_fw-la in_o 1673._o he_o obtain_v a_o memorable_a victory_n over_o the_o turk_n at_o choczim_n on_o the_o niester_n where_o 8000_o janissary_n and_o 20000_o spahis_n be_v kill_v he_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n may_v 10_o 1674_o and_o make_v two_o campaign_n against_o the_o turk_n before_o he_o be_v crown_v but_o that_o which_o will_v for_o ever_o perpetuate_v the_o honour_n of_o his_o memory_n be_v that_o glorious_a and_o important_a action_n which_o he_o perform_v in_o 1683_o when_o he_o raise_v the_o siege_n of_o vienna_n the_o follow_a panegyrical_a character_n of_o that_o prince_n be_v make_v upon_o that_o occasion_n joanni_fw-it iii_o dominatione_fw-la polonico_n lithuanico_n liberatione_n austriaco_n pannonico_n profligatione_fw-la ottomanico_fw-la thracio_n religione_fw-la christianissimo_fw-la pielate_fw-la catholico_fw-la zelo_fw-la apostolico_fw-la inter_fw-la deuce_n pugnacissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la reges_fw-la sapientissimo_fw-la inter_fw-la imperatores_fw-la augustissimo_fw-la cui_fw-la gloria_fw-la militaris_fw-la regna_fw-la peperit_fw-la clementia_n stabilivit_fw-la virtus_fw-la perennavit_fw-la qui_fw-la raro_fw-la pietatis_fw-la &_o constantiae_fw-la exemplo_fw-la propria_fw-la deserens_fw-la aliena_fw-la defendens_fw-la docuit_fw-la quo_fw-la pacto_fw-la sacra_fw-la foederis_fw-la jura_fw-la jungantur_fw-la custodiantur_fw-la &_o compleantur_fw-la ottomani_fw-la be_fw-mi lunam_fw-la fulgentissimo_fw-la crucis_fw-la vexillo_fw-la eternam_fw-la eclypsim_fw-la minitantem_fw-la adeo_fw-la prosper_v feliciterque_fw-la finibus_fw-la extirpavit_fw-la ut_fw-la unum_fw-la idemque_fw-la fuerit_fw-la venisse_fw-la vidisse_fw-la &_o vicisse_fw-la igitur_fw-la inter_fw-la innumeros_fw-la christiani_n orbis_n plausus_fw-la inter_fw-la vindicatam_fw-la religionis_fw-la &_o imperii_fw-la laetitiam_fw-la inter_fw-la cruentae_fw-la lunae_fw-la extrema_fw-la deliquia_fw-la agnoscant_fw-la praesentes_fw-la credant_fw-la posteri_fw-la non_fw-la tantum_fw-la enascenti_fw-la evangelio_n quo_fw-la propagaretur_fw-la sed_fw-la &_o adulto_fw-la ne_fw-la profligaretur_fw-la vtrobique_fw-la a_o deo_fw-la missum_fw-la fuisse_fw-la hominem_fw-la cui_fw-la nomen_fw-la erat_fw-la joannes_n he_o marry_v the_o lady_n mary_n de_fw-fr la_fw-fr grange_n the_o daughter_n of_o the_o marquis_n now_o cardinal_n do_v arquien_v and_o widow_n of_o prince_n zamoiski_n he_o die_v june_n 17._o 1696_o be_v seize_v with_o a_o fit_a of_o a_o apoplexy_n after_o a_o long_a indisposition_n some_o remark_n upon_o the_o government_n of_o poland_n it_o be_v worthy_a observation_n as_o to_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n in_o poland_n that_o whereas_o the_o nobility_n and_o gentry_n be_v the_o keeper_n preserver_n and_o defendor_n of_o the_o liberty_n and_o law_n of_o the_o country_n now_o for_o fear_n of_o a_o change_n in_o the_o government_n as_o have_v happen_v in_o france_n denmark_n swedeland_n and_o italy_n where_o the_o nobility_n have_v be_v corrupt_v and_o bribe_v with_o honour_n and_o other_o reward_n by_o the_o king_n have_v by_o degree_n remit_v from_o time_n to_o time_n some_o of_o their_o right_n and_o immunity_n ill_o at_o last_o they_o have_v fool_v themselves_o out_o of_o their_o freedom_n into_o a_o slavish_a dependence_n on_o the_o court_n the_o republic_n of_o poland_n warn_v by_o those_o example_n to_o avoid_v such_o a_o fate_n have_v make_v a_o law_n that_o the_o election_n of_o a_o king_n must_v be_v nemine_fw-la contradicente_fw-la a_o instance_n of_o this_o may_v be_v give_v in_o the_o election_n of_o king_n vladislaus_n the_o four_o a_o most_o warlike_a prince_n who_o be_v choose_v king_n of_o poland_n in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o commonwealth_n with_o the_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o the_o whole_a nobility_n except_v only_o one_o deputy_n who_o make_v a_o solemn_a protestation_n against_o the_o vote_n of_o all_o the_o diet_n yet_o the_o say_a prince_n can_v not_o be_v crown_v without_o the_o consent_n of_o
for_o the_o consideration_n of_o the_o money_n that_o several_a candidate_n for_o their_o crown_n must_v needs_o bring_v into_o their_o kingdom_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o candidate_n begin_v to_o make_v party_n and_o notwithstanding_o the_o native_n of_o poland_n be_v exclude_v by_o a_o article_n of_o the_o association_n afore_o mention_v prince_n james_n and_o prince_n alexander_n his_o brother_n appear_v among_o the_o other_o who_o make_v interest_n for_o the_o throne_n they_o have_v for_o competitor_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n and_o the_o duke_n of_o lorrrain_n for_o the_o duke_n of_o bavaria_n will_v not_o appear_v and_o order_v his_o minister_n the_o abbot_n scarlati_fw-la to_o sollicit_v for_o prince_n james_n the_o division_n in_o the_o royal_a family_n be_v very_o favourable_a to_o foreign_a candidate_n but_o they_o be_v happy_o extinguish_v by_o the_o reconciliation_n of_o prince_n james_n with_o his_o mother_n and_o thereby_o their_o interest_n which_o be_v divide_v before_o be_v reunite_v and_o prince_n alexander_n quit_v his_o pretension_n the_o primate_n contribute_v much_o to_o this_o reconciliation_n which_o give_v occasion_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o be_v not_o so_o deep_o engage_v in_o the_o interest_n of_o france_n as_o it_o be_v at_o first_o report_v and_o as_o it_o appear_v afterward_o prince_n james_n want_v neither_o merit_n nor_o money_n and_o yet_o by_o a_o unaccountable_a fatality_n he_o be_v not_o much_o belove_v by_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v be_v witness_n of_o his_o valour_n in_o several_a rencounter_n it_o be_v think_v that_o the_o emperor_n will_v have_v declare_v for_o that_o prince_n because_o he_o have_v the_o honour_n to_o be_v his_o imperial_a majesty_n brother-in-law_n but_o the_o imperial_a court_n be_v always_o upon_o the_o reserve_v and_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o election_n show_v that_o the_o emperor_n be_v engage_v for_o another_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v certain_o endow_v with_o excellent_a quality_n and_o though_o he_o have_v not_o meet_v at_o the_o court_n of_o france_n the_o encouragement_n or_o reward_n he_o deserve_v and_o though_o the_o most_o christian_n king_n have_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o trust_v he_o with_o the_o command_n of_o his_o army_n yet_o all_o the_o world_n own_v that_o he_o be_v very_o worthy_a of_o that_o great_a employment_n and_o most_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o french_a king_n be_v afraid_a of_o his_o capacity_n whatever_o it_o be_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n be_v no_o soon_o dead_a but_o the_o king_n of_o france_n think_v of_o promote_a the_o prince_n of_o conti_n to_o the_o throne_n and_o the_o abbot_n of_o polignac_n his_o minister_n in_o his_o speech_n to_o the_o diet_n that_o be_v in_o august_n magnify_v very_o much_o the_o zeal_n and_o affection_n the_o king_n his_o master_n have_v always_o have_v for_o the_o interest_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o give_v some_o hint_n to_o let_v they_o understand_v that_o his_o kindness_n be_v so_o great_a as_o to_o have_v choose_v a_o successor_n to_o their_o king_n worthy_a of_o their_o crown_n this_o be_v not_o express_v in_o plain_a term_n for_o it_o be_v not_o time_n to_o do_v it_o but_o he_o begin_v few_o day_n after_o his_o cabal_n and_o make_v use_v of_o such_o artifices_fw-la to_o render_v the_o royal_a family_n odious_a to_o the_o people_n that_o the_o queen_n be_v oblige_v to_o forbid_v he_o her_o presence_n and_o to_o complain_v of_o he_o to_o the_o king_n of_o france_n who_o disow_v in_o public_a the_o conduct_n of_o his_o minister_n though_o likely_a it_o be_v approve_v in_o secret_n the_o french_a know_v that_o money_n be_v the_o best_a recommendation_n in_o poland_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n be_v persuade_v to_o sell_v or_o rather_o mortgage_v his_o estate_n and_o the_o french_a king_n remit_v vast_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o his_o minister_n which_o gain_v he_o so_o great_a a_o party_n that_o the_o house_n of_o austria_n think_v it_o be_v high_a time_n to_o think_v of_o prevent_v his_o election_n and_o therefore_o to_o redouble_v their_o intrigue_n if_o merit_n alone_o have_v be_v sufficient_a to_o raise_v a_o prince_n to_o the_o throne_n of_o poland_n there_o be_v no_o doubt_n but_o prince_n lewis_n of_o baden_n will_v have_v carry_v the_o crown_n but_o his_o highness_n want_v money_n his_o party_n be_v so_o inconsiderable_a that_o when_o the_o election_n come_v on_o they_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o and_o as_o to_o the_o young_a duke_n of_o lorraine_n neither_o the_o great_a action_n of_o his_o father_n nor_o the_o letter_n of_o the_o queen_n his_o mother_n to_o the_o senate_n be_v able_a to_o gain_v her_o friend_n enough_o to_o stand_v it_o out_o against_o prince_n james_n and_o prince_n of_o conti._n the_o winter_n be_v spend_v in_o intrigue_n and_o a_o great_a many_o libel_n come_v out_o upon_o the_o subject_a some_o write_n for_o prince_n james_n other_o for_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o other_o against_o both_o the_o nephew_n of_o prince_n sapieha_n be_v then_o at_o paris_n and_o have_v spend_v his_o money_n be_v arrest_v for_o debt_n the_o prince_n of_o conti_n have_v notice_n thereof_o come_v himself_o to_o the_o prison_n pay_v all_o his_o debt_n and_o give_v he_o what_o money_n he_o want_v to_o return_v home_o this_o young_a gentleman_n be_v so_o sensible_a of_o the_o generosity_n of_o that_o prince_n and_o of_o the_o civility_n wherewith_o he_o have_v accompany_v that_o service_n that_o he_o proclaim_v it_o in_o poland_n and_o engage_v his_o uncle_n into_o his_o interest_n however_o prince_n james_n seem_v to_o have_v the_o strong_a party_n till_o the_o death_n of_o the_o late_a king_n of_o sweden_n which_o happen_v on_o the_o 17_o of_o april_n 1697._o that_o prince_n who_o know_v what_o pretension_n the_o pole_n have_v upon_o livonia_n be_v against_o the_o election_n of_o any_o foreign_a prince_n but_o especial_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o as_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o republic_n be_v oblige_v to_o have_v a_o great_a regard_n to_o the_o recommendation_n of_o that_o prince_n it_o be_v believe_v prince_n james_n will_v have_v be_v elect_v for_o many_o of_o those_o who_o appear_v afterward_o against_o he_o seem_v the_o most_o zealous_a for_o his_o interest_n the_o time_n of_o the_o election_n draw_v nigh_o the_o queen_n think_v fit_a to_o remove_v a_o second_o time_n from_o warsaw_n to_o dantzick_n to_o avoid_v the_o trouble_n that_o be_v occasion_v by_o her_o presence_n in_o the_o last_o diet_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n prince_n james_n with_o count_n jablonowsky_n general_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o all_o the_o party_n of_o the_o emperor_n do_v their_o utmost_a to_o ruin_v the_o interest_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n and_o because_o they_o suspect_v the_o rebellion_n of_o the_o army_n to_o be_v foment_v and_o encourage_v by_o the_o french_a the_o queen_n give_v a_o great_a sum_n of_o money_n to_o the_o crown-general_n to_o endeavour_v to_o break_v off_o their_o confederacy_n and_o thereupon_o a_o new_a negotiation_n be_v set_v on_o foot_n with_o the_o ringleader_n of_o the_o troop_n in_o which_o the_o account_n of_o their_o arrear_n be_v adjust_v between_o their_o own_o deputy_n and_o those_o of_o the_o republic_n and_o all_o other_o point_n be_v so_o far_o settle_v that_o every_o body_n think_v their_o confederacy_n at_o a_o end_n however_o the_o treaty_n break_v off_o at_o the_o instigation_n of_o one_o of_o their_o officer_n who_o spread_v in_o the_o army_n that_o the_o crown-general_n have_v declare_v that_o he_o will_v cut_v off_o the_o head_n of_o their_o general_n and_o of_o some_o other_o whereupon_o they_o declare_v they_o will_v hearken_v to_o no_o accommodation_n and_o baronowsky_n publish_v a_o manifesto_n contain_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o army_n for_o continue_v in_o this_o confederacy_n and_o resolve_v to_o take_v up_o their_o quarter_n in_o great_a poland_n and_o royal_a prussia_n the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n at_o leopold_n upon_o examination_n of_o the_o say_v manifesto_n declare_v that_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o law_n of_o the_o kingdom_n adjudge_v it_o a_o act_n of_o rebellion_n and_o publish_a a_o decree_n by_o which_o they_o declare_v the_o confederated_a troop_n rebel_n and_o enemy_n to_o their_o country_n this_o declaration_n fright_v most_o of_o the_o troop_n and_o dispose_v they_o to_o demand_v another_o conference_n with_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o republic_n and_o in_o short_a they_o make_v their_o submission_n to_o the_o crown-general_n on_o the_o 11_o of_o may_n 1697_o in_o the_o great_a church_n of_o the_o bernardin_n at_o lemberg_n baronowsky_n mareshal_n of_o the_o confederate_n beg_v pardon_n with_o a_o audible_a voice_n at_o the_o general_n be_v foot_n touch_v the_o footstool_n of_o his_o seat_n with_o his_o forehead_n and_o kiss_v his_o foot_n under_o which_o he_o
fire_v of_o the_o artillery_n of_o the_o place_n and_o with_o three_o salvo_n of_o all_o the_o saxon_a force_n encamp_v under_o the_o wall_n of_o cracow_n the_o next_o day_n his_o majesty_n be_v clothe_v in_o his_o royal_a robe_n go_v in_o great_a pomp_n to_o the_o town-house_n and_o be_v set_a upon_o a_o throne_n erect_v before_o the_o house_n the_o magistrate_n come_v to_o assure_v he_o of_o their_o fidelity_n and_o present_v he_o with_o the_o key_n of_o their_o town_n in_o a_o silver_n dish_n the_o chancellor_n in_o the_o king_n name_n assure_v they_o of_o his_o maiesty_n clemency_n and_o affection_n and_o read_v with_o a_o audible_a voice_n the_o oath_n of_o fidelity_n which_o they_o take_v kneel_v after_o which_o they_o present_v according_a to_o custom_n a_o purse_n full_a of_o ducat_n to_o his_o majesty_n who_o be_v please_v to_o confer_v the_o order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o some_o of_o they_o all_o the_o people_n be_v about_o the_o throne_n a_o gentleman_n who_o have_v the_o office_n of_o treasurer_n scatter_v some_o money_n among_o they_o which_o liberality_n be_v proclaim_v by_o great_a acclamation_n of_o joy_n and_o long_o live_v friderick_n augustus_n our_o king_n the_o diet_n which_o be_v call_v some_o time_n before_o meet_v at_o cracow_n according_a to_o custom_n and_o at_o their_o first_o meeting_n some_o of_o the_o deputy_n of_o the_o french_a faction_n make_v some_o reflection_n on_o the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n and_o other_o senator_n who_o have_v advisd_v the_o hasten_v of_o the_o king_n coronation_n which_o as_o they_o say_v aught_o to_o have_v be_v defer_v till_o the_o great_a dispute_n concern_v the_o crown_n be_v accommodate_v to_o which_o they_o say_v the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n be_v incline_v but_o they_o be_v silence_v by_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o deputy_n who_o will_v not_o hear_v such_o discourse_n the_o contest_v about_o the_o choice_n of_o a_o marshal_n go_v so_o far_o that_o the_o sabres_fw-es be_v draw_v but_o at_o last_o the_o matter_n be_v compose_v and_o the_o starost_n minsky_n of_o lithuania_n be_v choose_v on_o the_o 24_o of_o september_n and_o so_o the_o diet_n go_v on_o upon_o public_a business_n some_o day_n after_o the_o coronation_n the_o king_n hold_v a_o great_a council_n of_o war_n wherein_o it_o be_v resolve_v to_o send_v a_o detachment_n of_o his_o force_n towards_o dantzick_n to_o prevent_v the_o prince_n of_o conty_n land_v and_o another_o to_o warsaw_n to_o secure_v the_o place_n and_o disperse_v the_o rebel_n which_o be_v according_o do_v the_o king_n in_o end_v to_o repair_v in_o few_o way_n to_o warsaw_n at_o the_o head_n of_o his_o army_n but_o the_o primate_n have_v receive_v advice_n of_o his_o majesty_n coronation_n and_o of_o his_o design_n to_o march_v to_o warsaw_n cause_v the_o corpse_n of_o the_o late_a king_n with_o all_o the_o artillery_n and_o ammunition_n of_o the_o place_n to_o be_v embark_v on_o the_o vistula_n for_o jarreslow_v design_v to_o retire_v himself_o with_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o nobility_n of_o his_o party_n to_o lowitz_n a_o strong_a place_n in_o a_o morass_n belong_v to_o his_o eminence_n which_o he_o do_v few_o day_n after_o the_o whole_a party_n be_v much_o surprise_v at_o the_o news_n of_o the_o king_n coronation_n for_o they_o do_v not_o think_v that_o the_o saxon_n will_v have_v proceed_v to_o it_o because_o of_o the_o reason_n i_o have_v mention_v however_o they_o be_v not_o dishearten_v and_o they_o summon_v the_o nobility_n of_o upper_a poland_n to_o meet_v at_o lenovi_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o castellan_n of_o calish_n in_o the_o low_a poland_n at_o zawickhorst_n under_o the_o command_n of_o the_o palatine_a of_o beâ—z_n but_o the_o rendezvous_n of_o the_o lithuanian_n be_v leave_v to_o the_o prince_n sapieha_n who_o be_v to_o have_v the_o chief_a command_n till_o the_o arrival_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o be_v daily_o expect_v that_o prince_n set_v out_o form_n dunkirk_n the_o 6_o of_o september_n on_o board_n the_o chevalier_n bart_n and_o arrive_v at_o dantzick_n the_o 25_o he_o send_v a_o gentleman_n to_o give_v notice_n of_o his_o arrival_n to_o the_o magistrate_n and_o desire_v a_o free_a passage_n through_o the_o city_n to_o which_o they_o answer_v that_o they_o have_v a_o great_a respect_n for_o his_o highness_n but_o that_o the_o elector_n of_o saxony_n have_v be_v crown_v they_o can_v do_v no_o more_o for_o he_o than_o give_v he_o the_o liberty_n to_o come_v ashore_o himself_o with_o his_o servant_n alone_o but_o not_o suffer_v any_o officer_n or_o soldier_n to_o land_n or_o pass_v through_o their_o city_n the_o prince_n be_v very_o much_o mortify_v at_o the_o answer_n of_o the_o magistrate_n but_o his_o mortification_n increase_v much_o on_o the_o 29_o of_o the_o same_o month_n that_o he_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o their_o proclaim_v his_o competitor_n with_o all_o imaginable_a solemnity_n which_o be_v a_o great_a disappointment_n to_o his_o party_n who_o think_v to_o have_v have_v their_o rendezvous_n in_o that_o place_n they_o have_v also_o buy_v several_a piece_n of_o cannon_n and_o ammunition_n but_o the_o magistrate_n will_v not_o suffer_v they_o to_o be_v carry_v away_o and_o forbid_v the_o inhabitant_n upon_o pain_n of_o death_n to_o sell_v any_o arm_n or_o ammunition_n to_o stranger_n the_o primate_n come_v incognito_o to_o confer_v with_o his_o highness_n with_o five_o or_o six_o other_o gentleman_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o king_n think_v fit_a to_o send_v circular_a letter_n to_o all_o the_o province_n of_o the_o kingdom_n as_o well_o to_o notify_v his_o coronation_n as_o to_o answer_v some_o calumny_n raise_v by_o his_o enemy_n the_o substance_n of_o those_o letter_n be_v that_o his_o majesty_n be_v by_o the_o free_a choice_n of_o the_o kingdom_n elect_v and_o crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o be_v concern_v to_o find_v there_o shall_v be_v any_o person_n so_o much_o enemy_n of_o their_o country_n as_o to_o go_v about_o to_o violate_v the_o right_n of_o the_o gentry_n and_o disturb_v the_o public_a peace_n that_o he_o understand_v they_o complain_v of_o his_o have_v possess_v himself_o of_o the_o castle_n of_o cracow_n and_o bring_v force_n into_o the_o kingdom_n but_o that_o he_o have_v do_v nothing_o therein_o but_o with_o the_o advice_n of_o the_o senator_n and_o great_a officer_n of_o the_o crown_n and_o that_o the_o troop_n he_o have_v with_o he_o be_v no_o more_o than_o be_v necessary_a for_o the_o security_n of_o his_o person_n that_o notwithstanding_o the_o unreasonable_a opposition_n of_o the_o adverse_a party_n he_o have_v use_v all_o endeavour_n to_o gain_v they_o by_o fair_a mean_n but_o the_o same_o not_o have_v have_v the_o effect_n he_o hope_v for_o his_o majesty_n place_n his_o confidence_n in_o the_o protection_n of_o almighty_n god_n and_o do_v not_o doubt_n but_o they_o who_o choose_v he_o king_n will_v be_v careful_a to_o maintain_v their_o own_o honour_n and_o liberty_n immediate_o after_o the_o coronation_n the_o castellan_n of_o cracow_n be_v send_v to_o the_o army_n who_o have_v receive_v the_o arrear_n due_a to_o they_o declare_v they_o be_v ready_a to_o obey_v his_o majesty_n order_n the_o primate_n have_v send_v some_o deputy_n to_o engage_v they_o to_o come_v over_o to_o his_o party_n but_o he_o have_v be_v inform_v at_o lemberg_fw-mi of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o troop_n they_o do_v not_o think_v fit_a to_o venture_v to_o go_v to_o the_o camp_n for_o fear_v the_o general_n shall_v proceed_v against_o they_o as_o public_a enemy_n thus_o stand_v the_o affair_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o september_n 1697._o and_o notwithstanding_o the_o obstinacy_n of_o the_o primate_n and_o his_o party_n one_o may_v reasonable_o believe_v that_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n will_v find_v himself_o disappoint_v his_o competitor_n have_v many_o great_a advantage_n over_o he_o for_o although_o one_o will_v suppose_v which_o be_v certain_o false_a that_o their_o party_n in_o the_o republic_n be_v equal_a yet_o the_o elector_n territory_n border_v upon_o poland_n and_o all_o the_o neighbour_a prince_n as_o sweden_n moscovy_n the_o emperor_n brandenburg_n etc._n etc._n have_v declare_v for_o he_o his_o party_n must_v needs_o prevail_v upon_o the_o prince_n of_o conti_n who_o have_v nothing_o to_o rely_v upon_o but_o the_o supply_n from_o france_n which_o will_v be_v very_o uncertain_a consider_v the_o distance_n from_o france_n to_o poland_n and_o the_o danger_n of_o the_o sea_n in_o this_o season_n of_o the_o year_n the_o reader_n do_v perhaps_o expect_v that_o we_o shall_v inquire_v which_o of_o the_o two_o election_n be_v conformable_a to_o the_o polish_v law_n or_o whether_o either_o of_o they_o may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v so_o which_o be_v neither_o improbable_a nor_o impossible_a but_o this_o inquity_n will_v