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A05313 The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.; De habitu et constitutione corporis. English Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607. 1576 (1576) STC 15456; ESTC S93449 168,180 353

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gleane and enioy any fruite of his wyshed estate He doth heerein much like to him that being spent in yeares euen at the pittes brincke carefully and busely saueth and purueigheth the neerer that hee cōmeth to his iourneyes end hath lesse way to go greater store and foyson of victual for his wayfaring expences a thinge in the opinion and iudgemente of Cato so absurde as nothinge more In which doinge hee wasteth all his labour and dealeth much like sayth Galene to ● man that in his old doating and decrepite dayes goeth aboute to learne some Arte or occupation whereas more meete it were for such a one to cal to remembraunce what a small time by course of nature he hath here to remaine and that his cōtinuaunce here cannot be long but muste be packing awaye and depart to his long home Seinge therefore olde Age is to enioye and take no commoditie by chaunginge vsuall diet ordinary custome of lyuing it is better by euerye maner of way to cheerishe and comforte it and to heate and humect his colde and drye bodye wyth nourishment conueinente then doubtfully and by haphazard and otherwyse then that age permitteth to begin any new order sythence olde age is weake and feeble and not well able to beare oute euen the least disdiete that maye bee but if it fall thereinto hardly and with very much adoe can it escape and recouer it selfe out againe But forasmuch as naturall heate by moderate motion or exercise is encreased and strēgthened and the Body and mynd of man wearyed wyth troublesome busynesse and cares is destrous with reste quietnes to bee refreshed to haue some reasonable truce relaxation euen as good heede and greate regard hereof in euery seueral Cōplexion would be had for according to euery mās nature is the same sonderly to be vsed so in this hoate state Cōplexion of body for the better maintenaunce and conseruation of health it would be well loked vnto and cyrcumspectyle considered Nothinge is holesomer nor more auayleable for health then seasonable Exercyse conuenient motion For by it the quicknes and vigour of the mynde is reuyued the faynt drowsye Spyrites styrred vp and awaked the soule and mynde checred and exhilarated all the parts of the body all the senses both within and without made nimble actiue perfect and ready to do their proper functions the colour fayrer fresher appetite prouoked sharpened the possages pores opened the cōceptories of the Veynes enlarged and made bigger whereby humours haue freer passage way into euery seuerall part of the body excremēts commodiously purged concoction speedelyer finished the iuyce or humours being well cococted better distributed to the sustenaunce and nourishmente of euery member in the body last of all when the mynd is quyet calme then is sleepe sound and quiet also and not interrupted nor broken wyth phantastical dreames nightly imaginations yea then be al things duly seasonably and orderly vsed and done when the meate is throughly concocred and excrements by euacuation purged which by too vehement motion are drawen into the disposition or habite of the body stop the streit narrow pores therof When a man is disposed to exercise himself it shal be good to prepare his body therto by bēding and bowing thereof to stretch out his synewes and other parts of his body which peraduēture for want of exercise are stiffe thereby to make thē nymble plyable By this meanes shal hee wyth no greeuaunce or wearines vse exercise and so lōg is it good for him to bestirre his body til his lymmes begin somewhat to swel a fresh ruddy colour in his face body with sweating to appeare which so soone as it happeneth is plainly to be perceyued it behoueth streightwayes to ceas frō exercise to chafe the body no further for if it be cōtinued lōger not stinted by by the colour vanisheth awaye the body becōmeth dry lancke And like as hoat cōplexioned mē if they vse vehement swift motion wyth exercise heat chafe thēselues throughly they haue thereby bodyes slender and by reason their naturall humoure is spent somewhat enclyning to drynesse so againe if they liue idly or giue themselues to drawsynes or to spending their time in riot distemperaunce loytringe slouth wantonnes ease nyce delytes they growe full of humours and ware wouderous grosse fatte and corpulent I maye peraduenture seeme to the s●●emish and full stomacked Reader to bestawe herein ●o wo●●des then for such a matter are needeful but le● him vnderstād that our purpose herein tēdeth to this onely end to admonish al men in general and namely Students and men of honourable byrth a●d such as further and fauour goad Studies and vertuous Arts and disciplines not to meddle with painful and vehemente stronge exercises specially when they be fasting or immediatly after meales neyther to sit at their Bookes at vnseasonable houres wearing away themselues still wythin doores and greatly wassing their animall spirites the faculties naturall of their bodyes For in both these sortes I see measure or meane in them wantinge whereof I purpose more at large to speake when I come to the discourse of the drye Complexion Furthermore forasmuch as there be sondry and diuers sorts of Exeraise and euery sort not apte decente for euery Age let euerye man trye and consider in himselfe whereto hee is by nature most apt and inclinable Hovv much his shoulders carye maye And vvhat they can not vvell vpstaye As for Wrestling Coytingo Tennis Bowlinge Whorlehattinge liftinge greate waightes pitching the harre Ryding Running Leapinge shooting in Gunnes swymming tossing the Pyke Tyltinge Barryers and Tourney are reckened amonge the exercises of strong men albeit some of them because they are violently and forciblye done haue of a mery beginninge a heauy and lamentable endinge as of late yeares it happened vnto the French King Henry the seconde of that name stoute Prince and of courage muincible who in a royall Iusting or running at the Tylt for the more solemnization of a nuptiall Pompe thē prepared receyued his deathes wounde with a splint or shyuer of a broken speare which pearced gotte in at the sight hoales or beauer of his Helmet and stroke the king into the eye and so to the braine whereof he sodainly fell into an Ague and after a few dayes dyed There be other kinds of exercise not of so great trauaile as these and lesse troublesome as to bee caryed in wagons or to be rowed in Boates sōdrye sortes of frictions walking eyther softly or apace Singinge and Musicall melodie chaunted eyther with liuely voyce or played vpon swete Instrumentes to the eares mynde righte pleasaunt and delightfull dryuing awaye heauynes and cheering and reuyunge the Spyrites when they are damped wyth thoughtes and carefull pensiuenes And if thereto be vsed a cleare
al dry persons 55 Cause of fearefulnes in daungers 93 Cause vvhy many die in lustiest age 3 Charles the V. 91 Chaste lyuing 7. 107 Chaunge in old men daungerous 51 Children forgetfull and vvhy 16. muste not bee skanted of reasonable victualles 27. vvithout beardes vvhy 41. sleepie 58. stirring quicke vvhy 97. remembring thinges done long agoe 121. Childehoode 29 Choler 86. of tvvo sortes 127. the office and propertie therof 128 Choler by vvhat partes of the body it is purged 128. 133. Choler pale or citrine 132 Choler yolkie 133. Leekish or greene ibid. Rustie or Brassye 134 Cholericke folkes dreame many dreadful dreames 132 Cholericke persons great flouters 99 Christ for bodely shape a patcine of perfection 37. voyde of al ill affections 38 Clysters 118 Cocke hovv to make him crovv cōtinually vvith out ceassing 127 Cold the decay of lyfe 60. vvasteth colour 65 Cold bodies not altogether vvithout heate 60 Cold persons drovvsie and vnvveldie 65 Colde thinges stirre vp appetite ibidē Comparison betvvene a common vvealth and a body humaine 11 Cōpoūd medicines named of some of the chiefe ingredientes 32 Compound complexions four 84 Complexion moyst 78 Complexion drye 65 Complexion cold 60 Complexion hoate 38 Complexion temperate and perfect 33 Complexion hoate and moist 87. subiect to putrefaction 103 Complexion colde and moyst 107 Complexion hoate and drye or cholericke 127 Cōplexion cold and dry or melancholicke 135. Concorde in a Realme 12 Concord in mannes body 84 Cōtinēcie chastity a speciall gyft of God. 107 Contempt of God and his vvord punished 144 Contrition 145 Conuenient exercise holsome 7 Coriander 126 Countenaūce outvvard bevvrayeth the affectiō of the mynde invvardely 156 Countenaunce the image of the mynde 36 Counterfeit gate 36 Colour shevveth the complexion 89 Coūsellours levvdly disposed do much harm to youth 98 Counsel good profitable to youth 99 Coughe 109 Creatures moste cold in touching 61 Crasis 32 Crisis 102 Cruditie hurtfull 9. 118 Custome that is il must by little and little be altered 50 Curiositie in searching highe mysteries 77 D DAuid slevve a Lyon a Beare Goliah 44 Death vvhat it is 135. 28. Death eyther violent or naturall 67 Death by yll dyet and surphet hastened before his tyme. 3 Death of it selfe dreadful 67 Death to the faythfull not terrible nor dreadful 30 Death vvithout any payne 93 Dead persons heauier then liuing vvhy 5 Degrees of heate in man. 34 Democritus nature alvvayes laughing 36 Description of a body perfectly temperate 34 Deuil a crafty and slye spirite 22. hovv he learneth the thoughtes of mā 23. his long experyence in mischiefe ibid. his temptations ibidē hovv farre he is able to hurt ibidem Dyet for colde persons 65 Difference betvveene sanguine and cholericke folke 99 Dynner 156 Diseases proceding of phlegme 109. of Catarrhes and Rheumes 110 Diseases of the Splene or Milt 142 Discorde and dissention in a country vvhat mischiefe it bringeth 12 Disturbers of publique tranquillitie muste bee rooted out 11 Diuersitie in natures 14 Diuersity in opinions 88 Doggish appetite 116 Dogdayes 47 Doltes 101 Dreames after perfect concoction in the night happen not in vayne 37. 95 Dreames shevv the disposition and complexion of the bodie 112 Dreames naturall are interpretable ibid Dreames diuine ibid. Dreames peculier to phlegmatik persons ibid. Dreames not rashly to be credited 113 Dronkardes sleepy and vvhy 58 Dronkardes stammer and dovvble in their speache 111. their sundry condicions 149. in the act of generation vveake lumpishe and feeble ibidem Dycers 101 E EAsterlye people fearful and timerous 13 Education altereth nature 16. 99 Eele beinge dead floateth not aboue the vvater 111. Eyes 80 Elementes of mannes bodie 25. 86 Elementes fovver 26 Emptines 55 Englishmen 18. vvel coloured 48. sumptuous at their table ibid. England for cleanlynesse neatnes praised 47 Englishmē more subiect to the Svveate then other nacions 102 English Svveat vvhen and vvhere it began ibid. Erick kinge of Svveden 16 Euery mā must search out his ovvn inclinatiō 6 Euery member in the bodie serueth to some necessary vse 12 Euery part of the body hath his seuerall office vertue 108 Euills must be cured by their contraries 47 Exercise conuenientlye vsed verye holsome 7. vvhat profite cōmeth thereof 51. order therof 52. sortes thereof 53. vvhen to be vsed 104. Exercise fitte for crookebacked persons 53. F. Fayth bringeth foorth good vvorkes 24 Fasting persō heauier thē one that hath eatē meate 5 Famished persons dye the seuenth day 151 Feare of death vvorse then death it selfe 93 Fishes hauing vvarme bloud 61 Fishes liuing long after they be taken out of the vvater ibid. Fish ill for surly and solitary persons 61 Flemminges 17 Foode holsommest to eate 111 Forgetfulnesse of some thinges is best 121 Forme of a common vvealth 11 Foules hard of digestion 65 Foure naturall povvers or Vertues 9 Frenchmen 18. prompt and readie vvitted 19 French kinge killed at the Tylt 54 Friction 73. Sixe sorts thereof ibid. Fulnesse of stomacke hurtfull 54 G. Gall the fountain and vvelspring of anger 148 Garden herbes good for cold bodies 66 Generation of milke 108 Generation of sperme ibid. Germaines 16 Good dyet 19 Good for euery mā throughly to knovv his ovvn complexion 1 Grosse bloud 13 H. HArte the fountayn of lyfe 9 89 Hare maketh melancholicke nourishment 133. being hunted and chased is muche holsōmer ibid. good for many purposes in physicke ibidem Harme to a Realme and to a body first procedeth from the head 110 Harme of venerye and carnall copulation vvith vvomen Vide carnal acte Hayre blacke 39. 41. Curled 39. Yealovve 41. 129. VVhite ibid. Red ibid. Aburne ibid. Hayres hoare 112 Head harmed by the disorder of the lovver mēbers 104 Head and stomacke engendrers and receptacles of phlegme 109 Heate likened to the Sūne and moysture to the Moone 78 Heate causeth boldenesse 43 maketh good colour 64. Health vvhat it is 1. passeth gold or treasure 2 Health asvvell of mynde as of body to be cared for because the one cannot vvell be vvithout the other 2 Health sundry vvayes assaulted crushed and altered 29 Heraclitus nature alvvayes vveping 36 Herbes that are venemous 62 Herbes prouoking vrine 71 Herbes good for the memorie 125 Herbes hoat good for cold bodies 66 Hoate complexion 38. Tokens thereof 39 Hoarinesse in meates 112 Hoarcenesse 109 Hollanders 16. forgetfull and sleepie ibid. Holsome aire 19. as necessary for bodyly healthe as holsome meat and drincke 26 Holsome exhortation 156 Holy ghost vvhat he vvorketh in vs. 24 Humours are chaunged one into another 3 Humours ministre occasion vnto each seuerall complexion to ensue seuerall vices 23 Humours grosse as hurtfull to the mind as dead vvine to the body 84 Humours after a sort are the elements of man. 85. 86. Humours of more force then the Planets 10 Hungry sicknesse 65 Husbandry praysed 54 I IAundise 128 Idlenesse 64. maketh the body fatte colde ibid. Imagination of man euil from his birthe 14. 19.
of Spayne and souereigne Ruler of all the lowe Countreyes his Grace being heere wyth vs the last yeare at Zickzey outwardly arguyng in him a most myld nature and a mynde most vertuously disp●sed There be yet manye other notes markes and tokēs appertayning to this Constitucion which a man may not alwayes safely truste vnto as infallible because they suffer alteration and chaūge by age and yeares yea almost in euery momente of tyme but yet so that by them appeareth alwayes certayne and vndoubted tokens that the state of the same bodye aforetime hath beene and was in this ryght good case plight constitutiō albeit now altered or perhaps clene decayed For as greate huige and sumptuous houses beynge falne downe and decayed shewe euidently by the ruynes and delapidations therof of what hugenesse and magnificence they earst were howe curious and busye the frame was howe skilful and industrious the Architecte and workeman was so in a laudable state Constitution and habite of body which is decayed and faded from his former disposition there appeare certayne reliques notes and tokens of the good temperament that aforetime was in the same Albeit sometime through greeuous sicknes or by some great mysfortune and outward calamity mans nature is so frushed and damped that al the vigour of the body all the beauty comelynes and shape thereof is nypped and cleane abolyshed like a goodly fayre buildyng that is eyther by tempeste shaken battered or by mysfortune of fyer vtterly burnte and wasted Thus feare astonment sodaine a●frighting the dread of daungers or death sodainly threatened do so wast and destroy the powers forme shape and beauty and so cleane altereth some mē frō that they were afore as though they had neuer bene the same Whereof there happened in our tyme a notable and straunge example in a yong Gentleman of noble byrthe and Parentage Who in the Court of the late Emperour Charles they farre ouershooting himselfe wythout regard of dutye remorse or reuerence of the place had carnallye defloured a certayne yong Gentlewoman whom he loued exceedingly which fac● to be perpetrated vpon the bodyes of yonge Ladyes and noble virgins is accompted a thinge most haynous punishable by death yea although no force be offered to the damosell and although by secrete cōsent and apparant likelyhoodes she greatly seeme not to ret●●t an amorous suite to her in such sort tendered This Gentleman therfore was cōmitted to pryson lookynge the next day folowinge to be executed put to death For this is narowly loked vnto y no●e presumyng or daring to cōmit any such villanie or to distein the Honour of the Princes Court with such lewd filthy pollution shal escape scotfree or go away vnpunished according to the greatnes of those his wilful libidinous demerites Languishyng all y nighte in great perplexitye griefe agonie sorowe al the while conceyuyng inwardly in mind the terrour dread of death so neere approchīg he was so altered and chaunged that at his arreignment the next day none of his owne famyliar acquaintāce neyther yet the Emperour himselfe could knowe him So much had the horrour of death the despayre of any pardon win fewe houres pallifyed his colour and altered the state of his former cōstitution All his beauty comely shape fresh cōplexion was as it were so faded and exiled his face so incrediblie dis●nowledged his colour of fresh cleare turned into wan swartye death-like his countenaunce to behold loathsome vglie his head couered ouer with graye heyres farre vnmeete for those yeres his beard sluttish dryueling filthy with spattering sneuel deformed The Emperour earnestly fixing his eye vppon him suspecting him not to be the self same man which had committed the fact mistrusted that some other person had beene put in his place whereuppon he commaunded present search to be made y matter to be throughly boulted out whether it were the selfe same party or no and whether his hoare heyres and gray beard were counterfeited by some confectioned oyntments artificially for the nonce coloured or no. But the matter being found true and plaine and no deceipte nor coloured collusion therein vsed his Maiestie was at the sight therof so astonned that his former resolution and purpose to haue the saide Gentleman punished was now tourned into compassiō ouer his pytifull case and iudging him to haue alreadye suffered punyshment suffycient pardoned him hys lyfe and remitted his offence The honourable Nicholas Mychault of Indeuelda a Gentleman in great fauour wyth hygh Prynces of all Noblemen worthylie esteemed demaunding of mee on a tyme sitting at the table the cause of thys so straunge and sodayne chaunge I aunswered that the very cause thereof proceeded of nothinge els then of his extreeme feare and vehement thinking vpon that daunger wherewyth he saw himselfe distressed the remēbraunce and cogitation whereof searched the very innermost Senses in his body For that trouble affection so neerely touched him and so greuously perplexed his mynd y al vital heat spyrit was in him in a maner vtterly extincte whereby eche part of the body streightwayes altered and chaūged frō the fresh comely colour which they had before into an vglie and vnsightly habite insomuch that the rootes of the hayres which he y vaporous humyditie that lyeth within the skinne be nourished and preserued fresh in colour when the same humydity fayleth and in place thereof a cold dry quality reigneth do drye vp and cleane lose their former ●atyue Complexiō and colour euen as grasse that wantinge the moystnes of the earth to cōfort it cānnot but wyther patch away For euen as the Leaues of Trees the braūches of greene Vynes seruing to defend y grapes from the iniury of weather are by extremyty of heate hayle rayne and Northren blastes which sometime blusterouslye blowe in the Sōmer season altered from a pleasaunt greene verdure into a yealowysh tawnie colour So lykewyse the natural Complexion Iustynesse and shape of the body drowpeth and decayeth and the hayres which of thēselues are no part of y body but an appentise superfluitye and ornamente to the body lackinge the strength and humyditye the nourisheth them become hoarye and graye longe before their due time which thinge wee see commonly happen to all those that spende their time in the warres or in daungerous traueyles on the Sea or which bee much troubled visited with sicknesse wherein is a certaine ymagination of verye death in their myndes For they remember and looke for nothing els they thinck vppon nothing somuch when they stand in battayle array ready at the sound of the Trompet to ioyne with the Enemye and to try it out by dent of sworde but euen there presently eyther to slay or be slaine makinge accompte thence neuer to escape aliue vnlesse peraduenture they be such as wyth longe custome haue so hardened and enured theyr mindes in many lyke daungerous bruntes that they neyther