or_o record_n the_o prince_n in_o be_v have_v only_o a_o right_n from_o possession_n and_o can_v never_o create_v himself_o a_o title_n by_o the_o continuation_n of_o his_o own_o injustice_n or_o command_v any_o of_o his_o subject_n to_o fight_v against_o this_o true_a heir_n since_o they_o be_v to_o obey_v this_o usurper_n p._n 72._o or_o his_o heir_n only_o in_o such_o thing_n as_o tend_v to_o their_o own_o preservation_n and_o not_o to_o the_o destruction_n of_o the_o true_a governor_n by_o which_o principle_n the_o author_n at_o once_o render_v the_o title_n of_o all_o the_o crown_n in_o europe_n disputable_a and_o all_o allegiance_n uncertain_a and_o questionable_a by_o their_o subject_n as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o several_a instance_n as_o i_o shall_v prove_v from_o history_n of_o unquestionable_a credit_n i_o shall_v begin_v with_o our_o own_o country_n england_n if_o therefore_o as_o the_o author_n will_v have_v it_o p._n 69._o the_o usurper_n be_v only_o then_o to_o be_v take_v for_o the_o true_a heir_n when_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v lose_v by_o all_o the_o subject_n it_o will_v follow_v that_o all_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n that_o reign_v in_o england_n until_o the_o come_n in_o of_o k._n james_n be_v usurper_n for_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o england_n can_v not_o be_v obtain_v by_o conquest_n alone_o and_o i_o suppose_v this_o author_n do_v not_o allow_v it_o to_o be_v bequeathable_a by_o will_n as_o long_o as_o the_o right_a heir_n be_v in_o be_v and_o can_v be_v know_v from_o authentic_a history_n and_o tradition_n now_o the_o right_n of_o the_o crown_n by_o descent_n belong_v after_o the_o death_n of_o edward_n the_o confessor_n to_o edgar_n atheling_n his_o cousin_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n the_o right_o fall_v to_o maud_n his_o sister_n who_o marry_v malcolm_n iii_n 7._o buchanan_n de_fw-fr rebus_fw-la scoticus_n lib._n 7._o king_n of_o scotland_n and_o though_o her_o daughter_n maud_n be_v marry_v to_o henry_n the_o first_o king_n of_o england_n from_o who_o all_o our_o king_n be_v descend_v yet_o the_o right_n be_v not_o in_o she_o but_o in_o edgar_n king_n of_o scotland_n her_o brother_n from_o who_o all_o the_o king_n of_o scotland_n to_o king_n james_n be_v descend_v it_o be_v true_a the_o king_n of_o scotland_n be_v too_o wise_a ever_o to_o set_v up_o this_o title_n because_o they_o know_v the_o norman_a race_n be_v quiet_o possess_v of_o the_o throne_n and_o have_v be_v admit_v and_o confirm_v for_o lawful_a king_n by_o many_o great_a council_n or_o assembly_n of_o the_o clergy_n nobility_n and_o people_n yet_o do_v not_o this_o absolve_v the_o people_n who_o may_v very_o well_o retain_v the_o traditional_a knowledge_n of_o this_o right_a heir_n for_o divine_a right_n never_o die_v nor_o can_v be_v lose_v or_o take_v away_o or_o bar_v by_o prescription_n so_o that_o all_o law_n which_o be_v make_v to_o confirm_v the_o crown_n either_o to_o henry_n i._o or_o 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confessor_n day_n since_o who_o time_n the_o kingdom_n of_o england_n have_v remain_v as_o it_o do_v in_o which_o passage_n the_o author_n have_v discover_v either_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o ignorance_n or_o inadvertency_n in_o the_o history_n and_o government_n of_o his_o country_n for_o first_o he_o confess_v that_o the_o english_a saxon_n have_v a_o meeting_n which_o they_o call_v the_o assembly_n of_o the_o wife_n term_v in_o latin_a conventus_fw-la magnatum_fw-la or_o praesentia_fw-la regis_fw-la procerumque_fw-la prelatorum_fw-la collectorum_fw-la or_o in_o general_a magnum_n or_o commune_fw-la concilium_fw-la etc._n etc._n all_o which_o meeting_n may_v in_o a_o general_a sense_n be_v term_v parliament_n yet_o he_o will_v not_o allow_v there_o can_v be_v any_o parliament_n assemble_v of_o the_o general_a estate_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n for_o the_o reason_n he_o give_v we_o before_o what_o he_o mean_v by_o until_o about_o the_o time_n of_o the_o conquest_n i_o know_v not_o 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mercian-kingdom_n give_v it_o in_o marriage_n to_o a_o saxon_a nobleman_n call_v etheldred_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o daughter_n elsteda_n who_o be_v long_o after_o her_o husband_n death_n lady_n or_o queen_n of_o the_o mercian_n 857._o rerum_fw-la anglick_n scriptores_fw-la post_fw-la bedam_fw-la ed_n fra._n p._n 857._o yet_o do_v these_o feudatory_a prince_n always_o appear_v and_o make_v a_o part_n in_o the_o wittena_n gemore_n or_o great_a council_n of_o the_o monarch_n thus_o we_o may_v find_v in_o jugulphus_n that_o withlafe_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n make_v a_o promise_n of_o the_o land_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o abbey_n of_o croyland_n which_o he_o after_o confirm_v by_o his_o charter_n in_o prisentia_n dominorum_fw-la meorum_fw-la egberti_fw-la regis_fw-la westo-saxoniae_a &_o athelwolwafij_fw-la silij_fw-la ejus_fw-la coram_fw-la pontificibus_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la totius_fw-la angliae_fw-la in_fw-la civitate_fw-la lundini_fw-la ubi_fw-la omnes_fw-la congregati_fw-la sumas_fw-la pro_fw-la consilio_fw-la capiendo_fw-la contra_fw-la danicos_fw-la pyratat_fw-la littora_fw-la angliae_fw-la infestantes_fw-la which_o certain_o be_v a_o great_a council_n and_o that_o these_o king_n be_v tributary_n to_o the_o west_n saxon_a monarch_n the_o same_o author_n tell_v a_o little_a further_o that_o bertulph_n brother_n of_o witlafe_n succeed_v his_o nephew_n wimund_n 861._o id._n p._n 860_o 861._o and_o be_v tributary_n to_o athelwolf_n king_n of_o west_n saxony_n and_o by_o his_o charter_n confirm_v the_o same_o land_n and_o liberty_n to_o the_o say_a monastery_n which_o have_v be_v grant_v by_o his_o predecessor_n and_o this_o be_v do_v and_o confirm_v unanimi_fw-la consensu_fw-la totius_fw-la praesentis_fw-la concilij_fw-la hic_fw-la apud_fw-la kingsbury_n anno_fw-la incar_fw-la domini_fw-la 881._o etc._n etc._n pro_fw-la regni_fw-la negotis_fw-la congregati_fw-la and_o be_v thus_o subscribe_v ego_fw-la olflac_n pincerna_fw-la &_o legatus_fw-la domini_fw-la mei_fw-la regis_fw-la ethelwolf_n &_o filiorum_fw-la suorum_fw-la nomine_fw-la illorum_fw-la &_o omnium_fw-la westsaxonum_fw-la istum_fw-la chirographum_fw-la regis_fw-la bertulphi_n plurimum_fw-la confirmavi_fw-la ego_fw-la bertulphus_n rex_fw-la mericorum_fw-la palam_fw-la omnibus_fw-la prelatis_fw-la &_o proceribus_fw-la regni_fw-la mei_fw-la which_o show_v we_o that_o beside_o the_o general_n council_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n these_o mercian_n tributary_n king_n have_v a_o particular_a council_n or_o parliament_n of_o their_o own_o kingdom_n without_o who_o consent_n as_o also_o of_o their_o paramount_n monarch_n they_o can_v not_o part_v with_o the_o land_n and_o royalty_n belong_v to_o their_o crown_n so_o likewise_o in_o the_o same_o author_n beorced_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n anno_fw-la domini_fw-la 868_o confirm_v his_o charter_n to_o the_o same_o monastery_n at_o snotringham_n coram_fw-la fratribus_fw-la &_o amiciss_fw-la &_o omni_fw-la populo_fw-la meo_fw-la in_o obsidione_fw-la paganorum_fw-la congregatis_fw-la to_o which_o likewise_o his_o supreme_a monarch_n elthr_v king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n give_v his_o consent_n and_o subscribe_v after_o the_o bishop_n the_o like_a form_n we_o find_v in_o the_o pass_n of_o all_o the_o other_o charter_n to_o this_o monastery_n quote_v by_o the_o say_a author_n which_o be_v all_o of_o they_o confirm_v by_o the_o king_n then_o reign_v &_o in_o praesentia_fw-la archiepiscop_n episcop_n procerum_fw-la or_o optimatum_fw-la regni_fw-la collectorum_fw-la and_o before_o the_o kingdom_n come_v to_o be_v unite_v under_o one_o supreme_a king_n or_o monarch_n there_o be_v also_o one_o great_a council_n or_o synod_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n where_o the_o chief_a and_o most_o powerful_a king_n or_o monarch_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n preside_v and_o in_o which_o they_o make_v their_o general_a ecclesiastical_a canon_n and_o also_o civil_a law_n that_o be_v bind_v to_o the_o whole_a people_n of_o england_n and_o to_o which_o person_n that_o have_v be_v grieve_v or_o wrong_v by_o their_o particular_a king_n appeal_v and_o be_v right_v and_o to_o this_o general_a wittena_n gemote_a that_o ancient_a writer_n will._n malmsbuny_n speak_v of_o the_o ancient_a custom_n and_o law_n of_o england_n say_v be_v make_v per_fw-la generalem_fw-la senatum_fw-la &_o populi_fw-la conventum_fw-la &_o edictum_fw-la therefore_o we_o find_v the_o first_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o clovesho_n 747._o anno_fw-la christ._n 747._o call_v by_o ethelbald_a king_n of_o the_o mercian_n who_o be_v then_o chief_a king_n or_o monarch_n as_o they_o call_v he_o of_o the_o english_a saxon_n and_o at_o which_o be_v present_v the_o say_a king_n with_o all_o his_o prince_n and_o great_a man_n pontific_a malm._n de_fw-fr gest_n pontific_a as_o also_o all_o the_o bishop_n of_o this_o island_n but_o it_o more_o plain_o appear_v in_o the_o second_o council_n hold_v at_o the_o same_o place_n call_v by_o beornulf_n king_n of_o mercia_n who_o preside_v therein_o 332._o spelman_n council_n p._n 332._o you_o will_v find_v one_o of_o the_o first_o thing_n they_o do_v be_v to_o inquire_v whether_o any_o person_n have_v be_v unjust_o deal_v with_o or_o unjust_o spoil_v or_o oppress_v whereupon_o wulfred_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n complain_v of_o the_o violence_n and_o avarice_n of_o kenwulf_n late_a king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n which_o beingful_o prove_v the_o say_a council_n order_v kenedrith_n the_o abbess_n the_o daughter_n and_o heir_n of_o the_o say_a king_n to_o make_v satisfaction_n to_o the_o say_a archbishop_n which_o be_v do_v according_o out_o of_o the_o land_n of_o the_o say_a king_n see_v it_o at_o large_a in_o spelman_n council_n and_o mr._n somner_n that_o learned_a antiquary_n in_o his_o glossary_n to_o the_o decem_fw-la scriptores_fw-la be_v clear_o of_o opinion_n 393._o spelman_n council_n pag._n 393._o that_o this_o be_v all_o one_o with_o a_o parliament_n synodus_fw-la magna_fw-la parliamentum_fw-la nuncupatur_fw-la so_o likewise_o the_o canon_n of_o the_o synod_n or_o council_n of_o catchyck_a annol_n be_v confirm_v by_o offa_n king_n of_o the_o mercian_n then_o chief_a monarch_n of_o this_o island_n tam_fw-la rex_fw-la quam_fw-la principes_fw-la svi_fw-la cum_fw-la senatoribus_fw-la terrae_fw-la decreta_fw-la signo_fw-la cracis_n firmarunt_fw-la and_o further_o that_o each_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o the_o heptarchy_n have_v its_o particular_a council_n or_o wittena_n gemote_n appear_v by_o that_o famous_a council_n call_v by_o ethelbert_n king_n of_o kent_n about_o six_o year_n after_o his_o reception_n of_o the_o christian_a religion_n which_o be_v call_v commine_fw-la concilium_fw-la tam_fw-la cleri_fw-la quam_fw-la populi_n and_o no_o doubt_n this_o custom_n come_v not_o in_o with_o christianity_n the_o clergy_n only_o here_o succeed_v in_o the_o room_n of_o the_o pogan_n priest_n who_o among_o the_o german_n have_v always_o a_o place_n in_o their_o common_a council_n as_o we_o find_v in_o tacitus_n 126._o see_v the_o passage_n before_o cite_v p._n spelman_n con._n pag._n 126._o so_o likewise_o the_o first_o law_n we_o have_v extant_a be_v make_v by_o ina_n king_n of_o the_o west_n saxon_n per_n common_a concilium_fw-la &_o assensum_fw-la omnium_fw-la episcoporum_fw-la &_o principum_fw-la procerum_fw-la
as_o his_o lord_n and_o master_n without_o his_o consent_n suppose_v then_o that_o adam_n have_v be_v so_o cruel_a and_o unnatural_a as_o some_o father_n be_v and_o be_v sensible_a of_o the_o profit_n he_o receive_v from_o his_o son_n labour_n will_v never_o have_v give_v they_o leave_v to_o have_v leave_v his_o family_n and_o have_v set_v up_o for_o themselves_o nor_o to_o have_v have_v any_o thing_n of_o their_o own_o but_o only_o allow_v they_o and_o their_o wife_n a_o bare_a subsistence_n have_v keep_v they_o like_o slave_n as_o long_o as_o they_o live_v the_o author_n i_o suppose_v will_v reply_v that_o he_o may_v have_v do_v so_o if_o he_o have_v please_v and_o that_o the_o son_n have_v no_o lawful_a mean_n to_o help_v themselves_o since_o he_o only_o be_v judge_n when_o or_o whither_o ever_o it_o be_v fit_a to_o set_v they_o free_a or_o no._n but_o i_o desire_v to_o know_v whether_o adam_n have_v this_o power_n by_o a_o natural_a right_n or_o a_o acquire_v not_o by_o the_o latter_a for_o i_o have_v already_o prove_v that_o neither_o generation_n nor_o possession_n can_v confer_v a_o absolute_a right_n over_o the_o person_n of_o another_o nor_o yet_o can_v he_o have_v it_o by_o the_o son_n consent_n for_o they_o will_v never_o give_v their_o consent_n to_o such_o a_o absolute_a slavish_a subjection_n nor_o yet_o can_v he_o have_v any_o such_o right_n by_o the_o reveal_v will_n of_o god_n since_o i_o have_v also_o prove_v that_o such_o a_o absolute_a subjection_n be_v nowhere_o require_v by_o he_o in_o scripture_n but_o now_o to_o return_v to_o the_o acquire_v right_o of_o education_n neither_o can_v that_o confer_v so_o absolute_a a_o power_n over_o any_o man_n person_n as_o that_o therefore_o he_o shall_v be_v a_o slave_n to_o his_o fosterer_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v since_o admit_v that_o the_o father_n or_o other_o person_n that_o take_v upon_o he_o that_o care_v may_v perhaps_o just_o claim_v a_o right_n in_o the_o service_n or_o labour_n of_o the_o child_n to_o satisfy_v they_o for_o their_o trouble_n and_o charge_n in_o bring_v he_o up_o yet_o it_o do_v not_o therefore_o follow_v that_o this_o service_n be_v due_a as_o long_o as_o the_o child_n live_v but_o rather_o until_o such_o time_n as_o they_o can_v make_v his_o labour_n satisfy_v they_o for_o their_o charge_n and_o trouble_v in_o keep_v he_o which_o may_v very_o well_o be_v by_o that_o time_n the_o child_n attain_v to_o twenty_o five_o year_n of_o age_n at_o far_a and_o there_o be_v those_o that_o have_v offer_v to_o breed_v up_o and_o maintain_v all_o the_o foundling_n and_o bastard-children_n in_o england_n if_o they_o may_v be_v bind_v to_o serve_v they_o until_o about_o that_o age_n so_o that_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n why_o a_o few_o year_n education_n shall_v give_v any_o man_n a_o right_n over_o another_o person_n as_o long_o as_o he_o live_v but_o if_o it_o be_v urge_v that_o the_o child_n owe_v his_o life_n to_o his_o father_n or_o fosterer_n since_o without_o his_o assistance_n he_o must_v have_v perish_v and_o therefore_o the_o service_n of_o the_o child_n be_v whole_a life_n be_v but_o little_a enough_o to_o recompense_v it_o to_o this_o i_o answer_v that_o the_o parent_n be_v under_o a_o absolute_a obligation_n by_o the_o law_n of_o god_n and_o nature_n to_o breed_v up_o their_o child_n and_o they_o sin_n if_o they_o do_v not_o perform_v it_o as_o they_o ought_v the_o end_n of_o a_o father_n not_o be_v chief_o for_o the_o breed_n up_o and_o preservation_n of_o the_o child_n and_o therefore_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n he_o shall_v acquire_v such_o a_o property_n in_o he_o mere_o because_o he_o do_v his_o duty_n and_o the_o intent_n of_o a_o father_n be_v to_o better_v the_o condition_n of_o his_o son_n and_o not_o to_o make_v it_o worse_o i_o doubt_v whether_o a_o absolute_a or_o perpetual_a servitude_n or_o death_n itself_o be_v the_o better_a bargain_n and_o if_o this_o right_n will_v not_o hold_v for_o the_o father_n himself_o much_o less_o will_v it_o for_o a_o fosterer_n since_o he_o be_v likewise_o oblige_v by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n and_o humanity_n if_o he_o be_v able_a to_o breed_v up_o the_o child_n he_o find_v and_o not_o to_o let_v it_o perish_v so_o that_o the_o advantage_n he_o may_v make_v of_o the_o child_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v the_o principal_a end_n of_o his_o undertake_n but_o the_o do_v of_o good_a to_o mankind_n and_o the_o advantage_n be_v to_o be_v consider_v only_o as_o a_o encouragement_n not_o as_o the_o only_a motive_n to_o his_o duty_n since_o he_o be_v oblige_v to_o do_v the_o same_o thing_n though_o he_o be_v sure_o the_o child_n will_v either_o die_v or_o be_v take_v away_o from_o he_o before_o it_o can_v be_v with_o he_o half_o long_o enough_o to_o satisfy_v he_o neither_o do_v this_o reason_n hold_v true_a according_a to_o the_o scripture-rule_n of_o gratitude_n that_o a_o man_n have_v right_o to_o exact_v of_o one_o to_o who_o he_o have_v do_v a_o courtesy_n or_o bestow_v a_o benefit_n a_o return_n as_o great_a as_o the_o benefit_n bestow_v since_o this_o be_v not_o beneficence_n but_o mere_a barter_n or_o exchange_n and_o a_o man_n who_o have_v his_o life_n save_v by_o another_o assistance_n suppose_v by_o pull_v he_o out_o of_o the_o water_n be_v oblige_v by_o this_o principle_n to_o leave_v his_o life_n at_o his_o disposal_n ever_o after_o therefore_o i_o see_v no_o reason_n from_o all_o that_o have_v yet_o be_v say_v why_o a_o son_n when_o he_o come_v to_o be_v a_o man_n able_a to_o shift_v for_o himself_o may_v not_o in_o the_o state_n of_o nature_n marry_v and_o separate_v himself_o from_o his_o father_n family_n even_o without_o his_o father_n consent_n if_o he_o can_v otherwise_o obtain_v his_o liberty_n by_o his_o entreaty_n and_o all_o fair_a mean_n not_o but_o that_o the_o father_n may_v if_o he_o please_v disinherit_v his_o son_n for_o so_o do_v or_o for_o marry_v without_o his_o consent_n since_o every_o man_n be_v free_a to_o dispose_v of_o his_o own_o upon_o what_o condition_n he_o think_v fit_a and_o the_o son_n be_v to_o have_v consider_v beforehand_o which_o he_o value_v most_o his_o own_o liberty_n or_o his_o father_n kindness_n and_o the_o hope_n of_o his_o share_n of_o his_o estate_n after_o his_o death_n but_o i_o now_o come_v to_o the_o author_n be_v main_a argument_n from_o scripture-example_n that_o the_o patriarch_n by_o a_o right_o derive_v from_o adam_n do_v exercise_n as_o head_n of_o their_o respective_a family_n a_o dominion_n as_o absolute_a as_o that_o of_o any_o monarch_n and_o so_o instance_n in_o thamar_n bring_v out_o to_o be_v burn_v by_o her_o father-in-law_n judah_n touch_v war_n abram_n be_v command_v a_o army_n of_o 318_o soldier_n of_o his_o own_o family_n esau_n be_v meet_v his_o brother_n with_o 400_o man_n at_o arm_n for_o matter_n of_o peace_n abram_n be_v make_v a_o league_n with_o abimelech_n and_o that_o these_o act_n of_o judge_v in_o capital_a crime_n of_o make_v war_n and_o peace_n be_v the_o chief_a mark_n of_o sovereignty_n that_o be_v find_v in_o a_o monarchy_n all_o which_o i_o shall_v endeavour_v to_o answer_v first_o the_o instance_n of_o judah_n rather_o make_v against_o he_o for_o he_o confine_v this_o power_n before_o to_o the_o chief_a father_n of_o the_o family_n and_o will_v never_o have_v child_n to_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o their_o father_n whereas_o in_o this_o case_n judah_n as_o head_n of_o his_o own_o family_n exercise_v a_o absolute_a power_n of_o life_n and_o death_n and_o so_o be_v free_a from_o subjection_n to_o his_o father_n jacob_n who_o be_v then_o live_v and_o suppose_v as_o the_o text_n gen._n 38._o express_v judah_n go_v down_o from_o his_o brethren_n to_o a_o certain_a adullamite_n and_o there_o marry_v and_o set_v up_o a_o distinct_a family_n yet_o this_o will_v not_o help_v the_o author_n since_o p._n 33._o he_o will_v not_o allow_v the_o fatherly_a authority_n to_o be_v confine_v to_o one_o family_n if_o the_o family_n be_v at_o such_o a_o distance_n as_o they_o may_v receive_v their_o father_n command_n which_o lie_v upon_o he_o to_o prove_v and_o therefore_o this_o subjection_n be_v not_o perpetual_a second_o i_o shall_v show_v by_o another_o example_n that_o the_o head_n of_o a_o family_n have_v not_o absolute_a power_n of_o the_o life_n of_o his_o child_n and_o grandchild_n and_o that_o be_v from_o reuben_n pathetical_a speech_n gen._n 42._o to_o his_o father_n jacob_n when_o he_o refuse_v to_o send_v benjamin_n with_o he_o into_o egypt_n slay_v my_o two_o son_n say_v he_o if_o i_o bring_v he_o not_o unto_o thou_o now_o if_o jacob_n have_v this_o absolute_a power_n as_o a_o father_n it_o have_v be_v impertinent_a