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A38818 Gymnasiarchon, or, The schoole of potentates wherein is shewn, the mutability of worldly honour / written in Latine by Acatius Evenkellius ; Englished, with some illustrations and observations, by T. N. ...; Sejanus, seu, De praepotentibus regum ac principum ministris, commonefactio. English Ennenckel, Georgius Acacius, b. 1573.; Nash, Thomas, 1567-1601. 1648 (1648) Wing E3526A; ESTC R39517 168,645 466

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too high a pitch but had confined himselfe within a meane if one man might have deserved so m●ch as he had hee might have deserved it for that I cannot finde that ever hee reflected his thoughts upon himselfe to rayse any house of his name but ever sent forth his Treasure in handfulls that came in in spoonesulls and what he had the King knew the Kingdome knew because he exposed it daily to view hee that diligently reades this story will find that the King from the beginning used the Cardinall but as a sponge vid. Godw. de Epis Angl. G. Cavend in vita Wolsaei Polyd. lib. 27. m. H. S. Thu. lib. 1. * 30 Inter tres Principes Hee carried himselfe indifferently between the King his Master the King of England and the Duke of Burgondy Never did the Kingdome of France produce a more turbulent spirit then this Constable hee was the only Incendiary between the King his Master the King of England and the Duke of Burgondy and his ambition ever was rather to bee feared then loved for which hee grew a Odimus accipitrem qui semper vivit in armis contemptible and his death often threatned before it happened Commines writing of the tumultuous broyles that hapned between these Princes shews that there were two principall motives that occasioned the Constable and the Duke of Guyen to kindle the fire one was their own safety for they did conceive if there were a peace concluded that either the one or the other would fall fowle upon them the other was to compell the Duke of Burgondy by a War if they could not otherwise prevaile to marry his daughter being his daughter and heire to the Duke of Guyen and these designes were manifested to the Duke of Burgondy upon the delivering up of St. Quintins and Amiens to the King for the Duke beeng much troubled for the losse of these townes in a friendly manner writ unto the Constable not to presse a Warr being that there was no defiance offered unto whom the Constable perceiving that hee stood in feare of him which was the thing hee aymed at returned a peremptory answer to this effect that there was but one way for him to help himselfe which was to bestow his daughter upon the Duke of Guyen which if hee would doe not onely the said Duke but divers other Lords would declare themselves for him against the King and hee would redeliver St. Quintins and Amiens unto him and assist him with all his power otherwise hee would pursue the War which answere the Duke having received resolved to undergoe any misery rather then to have his daughter taken from him in that way and thereupon forthwith acquainted the King with those and the like letters which he had sent to the King of England who immediately revived the agreement made at Bonvines concerning the death of the Constable Of the letters which the Constable sent to the Duke of Burgondy and the King of England see Commines lib. 4. c. how the agreement at Bonvines was afterwards ratified and hee delivered by the Duke of Burgondy comming to him upon safe conduct see Commin lib. 4. See more of the Constable in the generall History of France in Lewis the 11. * 31. Peculasus accusatus suspendio affectus Enguerrande for robbing the Kings Treasure was accused and hanged Enguerrande was Earle of Longuevill and Superintendent of the Treasure under Philip the fourth called the fair and did him good service but Charles the Kings brother conceiving inplacable hatred against him in the beginning of the raign of Lewis Hutin accused him for robbing the Kings Treasure and gave this in evidence against him rerum vires nervusque pecunia est te interrogo Enguerran● cujusnam pecunia arcaque recondita clausaque cupiditati tuae fuerit non interrogo quam amplum patrimonium relictam tibi a Parentibus fuit tu te creasti tu te genuisti ingredere fiscum Regis inopiam invenies ingredere aedes istius gurgitis gazam Persicam invenies an virtute parta quae virtus in tali monstro potest esse and upon this evidence prevailed to have him hanged upon a gallowes set up at Mountfalcon See Paul Aemil. lib. 8. * 32. Petrus Laudoicus apud ducem Britaniae Peter Landais was in the like favour with the Duke of Britaine Peter Landais was the sonne of a very meane man of Vitry in Britanny and came to the Court very poore whom the Duke at the first imployed to carry his amorous Letters to his Ladies after made him the Master of his Wardresse then his Treasurer and in the end his power was so great that he did in a manner what he would hee was the man that caused the Duke to suffer Chauvin his Chancellour to dye miserably in prison of hunger and cold which so incensed the Nobility that they resolved to ease the Duke of him whereupon John of Chalon Prince of Orange and son to one of the Dukes Sisters and John of Rieux Marshall of Britanny and one of the greatest men in Court together with the Nobility resolved to surprise him in the Castle of Na●●s or wheresoever they could finde him though in the Dukes presence which they performed And so Peter was arraigned condemned and hanged priusquam causam sciret dux as Paulus Aemilius hath it Vid Paul Aemil. l. 10. c. 8. supplem ad lib. 6. Com. Observations There is no man so vile and contemptible in the world but is good to some body this Peter that was thus hanged did one of the greatest curtesies to King Hen. the 7th that ever was done to him When King Edw. the Fourth sent unto Francis Duke of Brittany Doctor Stillington with others-laden with Gold to request him to deliver unto them the Earle of Richmond being his Prisoner upon pretence to unite the two houses by an alliance the Duke conceiving that hee intended to marry Elizabeth his Eldest Daughter unto him without any scruple took their Gold and delivered him but being informed afterwards by Peter his favourite that it was but a pretence and that hee meant to cut off his head sent him post after them who finding them at Saint Mallo staying for a winde took a course to have the Earle conveyed into the Sanctuary there yet possessed the Doctor and his fellowes that hee had no hand in it but that hee escaped of himselfe and when they prest to have him redelivered hee told them it could not be without his Masters consent and that they should very speedily know his minde therein So Peter sent to the Duke and the Duke sent a peremptory answer that hee had once delivered him and being that through their negligence they had suffred him to take Sanctuary hee would not take him out but would keep him there or in his own Palace for them so Peter cosened them of their mony and adventure as he had cosened his Master all his life time and sent them home without either
* 33 Alvarus de luna jussu Regis Alvarus de luna was by the Kings Command put to death Aeneas Sylvius in the forty seventh book of his History of Europe speaking of the manner of the death of Alvarus saith non ignavus occubuit non lachrymans aut ejulans sed alacri vultu quasi ad epulas invitatus numeratis suis in Regem ●egnumque meritis cervicem gladio praebuit he dyed not a childe weeping and wailing but relating the good service he had done for his King and Country chearefully submitted to the sentence of the Law * 34. Ludovicus potentissimus Rex Lewis the powerfull King of Hungary It is worthy our labour to enquire wherein his power did consist was it in the extent of his dominions no for they were no other then were left him was it in the multitude of his people or in the abundance of his Treasures no for many of his predecessours did equalize him and exceed him in them e Caetera vi aut fraude pertumpas h●●c arx inaccessa hoc inexpugnabile munimentum Cicer. but it was in the true and hearty affections of his people for never Prince did more affect his Subjects nor ever a people more affect a Prince as was manifested by the inconceivable sorrow that was expressed for him both in the time of his sicknesse at his death and after his death Bonsinius writing his History saith that when the people heard of his sicknesse ita vulgo trepidari caeptum est ut suae quisque vitae timere videretur every one began to feare and tremble as if they had been in danger of death publick prayers were made for his recovery and the people in every town and Village went to Church to beg of God not to take him from them moerent juvenesque senesque and when they heard of his death omnia luctus Omnia solliciti plena timoris erant Quocunque aspicies gemitus luctusque sonabant Formaque non taciti funeris instar erat There was nothing heard but lamentations and mourning the mothers with their children came out of every place to bewaile his death with pitifull cries and lamentations as if they had lost the dearest friend in the world some cried they had lost the most indulgent father others the most sweete Prince some the best master others the best Governour there was no praelate or Peere to bee seen with dry eyes universa Hungaria veste pulla triennio luctum regionatim celebrabat nusquam risus sonus jocus chorea aut aliquod festivitatis genus spectatum est by a publick decree it was commanded that for the space of three yeares every one should mourne and all sports should bee laid aside so as in the Prince and People were those old Verses verified Totum est unus homo Regnum Rex caput est Populus caetera membra gerit * 35. Carolum parvum ex Apuleia accersunt They sent for Carolus parvus out of Apuleia The man that was imployed in the businesse was a Bishop named Zagabriensis who upon his arrivall into Apuleia saluted the King with an eloquent Oration to this effect c. The sacred memory of your most Noble Progenitors never to bee forgotten who have ever governed our Kingdom with the greatest Wisdom hath invited us to come u●to you hoping that in th●se our extremities you will not forsake us we are not ignorant most Noble Prince that you are the next Heire to the Crowne and that the government of the Kingdom of right belongs unto you wherefore I am sent unto you by the most powerfull Peeres of the Kingdom to intreate you to take into your consideration our distressed estate and not to preferr an usurpt new authority before the ancient right of the Crowne of Hungary how just our cause is I shall briefly declare unto you After the death of our Noble King who deserved well not only of us but of all the Christian World for his sake we elected his only daughter Maria to be our King and commanded that shee should bee stiled by no other name then by the name of King and caused her to be Crowned with such an applause that there was not more sorrow conceived at the death of her Father then there was joy at her Coronation But it so happened that the Queen-Mother assuming to her selfe the Government of the State during the Minority of the young Queen took into her Counsell one Count Gara and what hee adviseth onely is put in execution the Counsell of the rest of the Nobility being wholly neglected so that neither our Queene Maria nor the Queen-Mother but the Count only governes the Kingdome hee advanceth whom hee will and deposeth whom hee will at which the Peers People are so much offended that setting aside law justice and honesty many robberies are committed many Townes burnt many mens cattell driven away civill discord ariseth between the Peers and many other enormous outrages have been and are committed among the people for reformation whereof I am now sent to your Excellency to intreate you with as much expedition as you can to come into Hungary and to take into your Possession the Kingdom not delivered unto you by us but of right belonging unto you as your ancient Inheritance which you cannot refuse to doe without incurring the most ignominious blurs of sloth and pusillanimity after the delivery of this speech which Bonsinius hath most exactly written in Latine Zagabriensis delivered unto the King the Letters of divers of the Nobility of the Kingdome of Hungary whereby hee assured him of their fidelity towards him the King having read them heartily thanked the Lords and Zagabriensis for their good will towards him and because it was a businesse of the greatest consequence he took three daies respite to returne an answere and in the meane time commanded that Zagabriensis should bee honorably entertained but before the three daies were expired he acquainted his Queene with the effect of the Ambassage who thereupon fell into a great passion and with teares cried out O quam malis hue auspiciis infausti ad nos legatiad-venêre O quam depravato cuncta judicio mi Carole pensitasti nescis heu nescis quam gravis fuerit Vngaria malorum omnium officina how unhappily are these Ambassadours come unto us O my Charles how art thou mistaken in entertaining their Ambassage thou doest no● know alas thou doest not know how Hungary hath been the storehouse of all manner of wickednesse how there is nothing but fraud and dissimulation to be found there how they never speak what they think and change their mindes ten times in an houre wherefore my sweet husband O my sweet husband beleeve not their faire promises if you desire the safety of you and yours let the remembrance of King Lewis your noble friend that deserved so well of you and your father never depart out of your memory call to minde I pray you how not long before his death he
leave Rome and to live farre remote in the country for he thought Tiberius being grown in yeares and retired into the contry that he might with lesse opposition passe through those places which he held he provided likewise that none might have accesse to Tiberius but by him and that he might have the scanning of all such letters as came to the Emperor by the hands of the souldiers but why Tiberius should so much favour this man no reason can be given unlesse it were for that hee once freed him from a danger that was like to befall him when others forsooke him for it happened upon a time 13 when Tiberius was feasted in a howse called Spelunca * 13 Convivium celebratur in villa quae vocatur Spelunca the stones that lay at the mouth of the Cave fell downe and slew divers therein which bred an astonishment in all and caused them that celebrated the feast to runne out to save themselves whilst Sejanus staid with Tiberius hung upon his neck and with all his might and power kept the stones that were ready to fall upon him from him as the Souldiers that came to assist him and saw him hanging related the matter after this Sejanus grew greater and greater and had the eare of Tiberius ready to anything that he would say though it tended to the ruine of the common-wealth in somuch that hee grew into that height of pride and impudency that * 14 Nuptias petebat à Liviâ 14 he presumed to become a suitor to Li●ia the neice of Tiberius first wife to Caius Caesar the son of Augustus then to Drusus the son of Tiberius whom hee had secretly poysoned at last hee tooke upon him the state of an Emperor and esteemed of Tiberius no otherwise then the Governor of a poore Iland called by the name of Capreas so that all mens eyes and affections were fixed upon Seianus and happie did hee thinke himselfe that could bee the first to bee admitted unto him unhappy to be the last who as hee observed every thing very diligently so especially the words and very lookes of the peeres of Tiberius by which meanes hee grew so gratious with the Senators end the common people that in every thing they gave the same honor unto him as they did unto Tiberius their statues in brasse were set up alike their names in all writings subscribed alike and the Chariots which carried them unto the Theaters adorned with gold alike nay more it was decreed that when they came unto Rome the Consuls whom they chose every fifth yeare should meete the one in as great state and solemnity as they did the other and should offer the like Sacrifices to the statues of the one as to the other so that nothing being now wanting to Sejanus or rather the Emperour fo so indeed he was having got all power into his hands and wanted nothing but the bare title of the Emperour to make him so Tiberius began to bethink himselfe of the danger he was in but because Sejanus had so glued to himselfe the affections of the Pretorian Souldiers the Senators and such as were neare Tiberius either with rewards or with promises of rewards that nothing could be said or done in Court whereof Sejanus had not presently notice and nothing done abroad that tended to the dishonour of Tiberius that came unto his eares Tiberius wisely by degrees first secretly underhand afterwards more openly tooke a course to ruine Sejanus and to frustrate all his designes Behold here a notable example of humane frailty and a singular patterne for such as are in grace and favour with their Princes to put them in minde the higher they are the more reverently and submissively to carry themselves this man that was in the morning attended upon like an Emperour in the evening was thrown into prison like a beggar whom not long before the people adorned with Crownes of gold not long after they bound with fetters of iron whom as their Lord they honoured they beate as their slave whom they adored and sacrificed unto as unto a God they reviled and dragd unto death most ignominiously like a rogue the same day that the Senate did him all the honour that they could the people would have carbonaded him and have pulled him in peices this man that had so much that he could not desire more either of God or Man to make him happy whilst hee lived before hee dyed had so little that he had not wherewithall to gratifie the hang-man a notable pattern I say of humane frailty yet more of this kinde will I shew unto you In the pulling down of Sejanus Tiberius used the assistance of Nevius Sertorius Macro whom not long before hee secretly made Commander of the Praetorian Company and the Senate conceived so well of him that by a decree they conferred all Sejanus his honours upon him but hee being terrified by an example that was so fresh in memory refused to accept them yet not long after it so happened that hee became exceeding powerfull and applyed himselfe wholy to Caius Caligula and studyed how to make him Emperour after Tiberius insomuch that when Tiberius understood it * 15 Occidentem fugientem orientalem persequentem solem illum exprobravit 15 hee upbraided him for abandoning the setting and adoring the rising Sunne but Caligula in the end requited him for his good will putting him together with his wife to death with Claudius Coesar the most powerfull men were his freed men and amongst them Narcissus and Pallas whom he used to severall purposes the one as his Secretary to write his Letters the other as his Orator to make his speeches whose services hee requited by a decree of the Senate not only with infinite treasure but with places of Authority and Command insomuch that upon a time inquiring what the reason was that his Treasury was so empty answer was made that it would be full enough if that the money that was taken forth of it by Narcissus and Pallas were put into it with these men and their wives Claudius was so enamoured that he became rather their Servant then their Soveraigne at their disposall were all Honours Armies Pardons and Punishments insomuch that Sextus Aurelius was used to call * 16 Narcissum dominum domini appellat 16 Narcissus the master of his master for as Iuvenal saith unto Narcissus Claudius denied nothing nay spared not to kill his wife being commanded by him so to do so that Dion affirmes hee was the most powerfull Man of that age and of the age past having a command over Princes and Cityes and Possessions amounting to more then foure thousand Sesters This man notwithstanding as soone as Claudius was dead Agrippina the wife of Claudius and Neros Mother put to death so that though these kinde of men may peradventure during the lives of the Princes by whom they have beene raised live in grace yet seldome doe they escape the hands of their
successors As touching Pallas of whom we have before spoken who perswaded and procured Claudius incestuously to marry Agrippina his brothers daughter and afterwards to be his Concubine though hee contracted with the Senate that for any offence past hee should not be questioned yet Nero observing how proudly hee caried himselfe exceeding the limits of a free man grew in hatred with him so that after that he had removed him from all places of Authority which Claudius had conferred upon him having had indeed the Key of the Empire in his power he was by Nero put to death the excessive pride of this man is remarkable in this one passage he being accused by Nero upon a time for words spoken when hee heard the Libertines named that should be his accusers answered that at home hee never spoke word but did all by signes and tokens if the matter were short hee exprest himselfe either by his nod or by his hand if long by writing In the next place Tigellinus descended of meane Parentage vitious in his youth vitious in his age who having by his dishonest courses wherein hee grew so notorious that be surpassed all the men of his time crept into Neros favour and attained divers offices of Command and Authority executed the same with all kinde of cruelty rapine and villany having corrupted Nero with all kinde of vices being most inward with him for when he was angry none except himselfe and Pappea durst speake unto him at length was so bold as to make some attempt upon Nero himselfe yea to forsake him and betray him But when Vitellius came to the Crown the people petitioned him that he might be called to an accompt for it and so being condemned in the midst of his jollities whilst he was revelling with his Whores his jawes being first cut off with a rasor he * 17 Infamem vitam infami exitu faedavit 17 ended his ignominious life with as ignominious a death So Vitellius being promoted to the Empire within four months after that he overcame Otho * 18 Asiaticum in favorem cepit 18 hee took into his favour one Asiaticus a freed man of his no way inferiour in all kinde of villany * 19 Policletos Patrob ios vetera odiorum nomina aequabat 19 to the Policleti and Patrobii the old detestable names amongst the Romans but immediatly after the death of Vitellius under Vespasian he received condigne punishment for abusing the power conferred upon him Commodus the Emperour had many of these men whom he raised and pulled down againe who after the time that he fell into the hands of the Southsayers and Conjurers never shewed himselfe in publick * 20 Ne quicquam sibi annuntiari est passus nisi quod Perrenius ante tractasset 20 neither would endure to heare or be told of anything if it had not first been made known unto Perrenius This man therefore knowing the Emperours minde found out the way how to make himselfe powerfull hee perswaded * 21 Persuasit Cōmodo ut lipse deliciis vacaret ut curae illi demandarentur 21 the Emperour to follow his delights and leave the cares of the Commonwealth to him which motion of his the Emperour readily entertained so Perrenius is the only man that swayes the Empire puts to death whom he will robbs and spoyls whom hee will and all that he may make a prey out of every thing and enrich himselfe but why did this man thus tyrannyse did he thinke that though he had power for a time that it would continue for ever no for as soone as he was made cheife Commander of the Horse in the Brittish warr his villanyes being everywhere divulged he was called by no other name then by the name of the Enemy of the Armyes and was delivered over by the Souldiers to be pulled in pieces Herodian writes that because hee did conspire with his sonne to kill Commodus and usurpe the Empire they were both put to death If either of these were true it serves well enough for our purpose To succeed Perrenius Commodus chose Cleander from amongst them that waited upon him in his bed chamber being a man of meane Parentage this man so much abused the favour of Commodus that * 22 Omnes praefecturas pro libitu vendit distribuit 22 hee sold all offices of Command and Authority disposed of them and tooke them away againe at his will and pleasure sent for such home as were in exile and preferred them to places of dignities disannuld the decrees of the Courts of Iustice and made havock and sale of every thing yea so bewitcht the Emperour that hee procured Burrhus the Emperours brother in law his owne Sisters husband with many others that stood out in his defence to bee put to death for no other cause as hee could surmise but for suspition that hee desired to be Emperour and this displeasure Cleander took against him because that Birrhus observing his unruly courses freely reprehended him for them and made the Emperour acquainted with his actions but these enormious offences escaped not unpunished for in the end hee smarted for them Arrius Montanus being by his plots and conspiracies put to death for crimes laid to his charge which he never did It drew the Emperours wrath upon him and occasioned deadly hatred in the people insomuch that they made an insurrection for pacification whereof as Herodian and Dion observe the Emperour was compell'd to send his Souldiers amongst them but untill they saw the head of Cleander they would not be pacified wherefore the Emperour caus'd his head to be cut off and to be set upon a pole which when they saw there was an end of the businesse all parties were agreed To succeed him were called Iulianus and Regillus but they continued not long in his favour Severus the Emperour raised Plautianus Afer from a very meane estate to bee very potent and mighty by confiscated goods which hee conferred upon him yet kept from him all places of Command and Authority whose gracious favour he so much abused to the exercise of his cruelty that hee became more tyrannicall then any of the Princes of former times for when Severus preferred in Mariage Plautianus his Daughter to his Sonne Anthony against the will of Anthony for which hee distasted both his Wife and Father and threatned to kill them both and so to aspire to the Empire Plautianus considering then what danger he was in and on the other side being spurred on with a desire of Soveraignty knowing well the age and weaknesse of the Emperour and his own power bethinks himselfe how hee might kill the Father and the Sonne and so attaine the Empire and avoyd the danger hee was like to fall into if Anthonyes designe should take effect the executioner being sent to do the deed when Plautianus should give the word the Treachery being discovered * 23 Convictus jussu Antonii occisus