him in his absence and the King grew angry and was sorry that he had trusted him so far But at length he returned and his Son also and either of them brought with him the Ambassadours of the Cadusians and so Peace was concluded with them both Then was Tiribazus highly in favour again and so departed with the King Artaxerxes at this time made it evident that cowardliness doth not always proceed from Pomp and curiosity which some think to effeminate mens hearts but rather from a base and abject mind that commonly follows evil and the worst counsel For neither the Jewels of Gold nor Kingly Robe not other sumptuous Ornaments which the King ever wore about him valued at twelve thousand Talents did hinder him at that time to travel and to take as much pains as any man in all his Army For he himself marched on foot the fore-most man carrying his knapsack in a scarf upon his Shoulders and his Target on his Arm with which he travelled over high stony Mountains so that his Souldiers seeing the Kings courage and the pains that he took they marched so nimbly as if they had wings about two hundred Furlongs a day At length the King by hard travel came to one of his own Houses where were stately Arbours and Parks with goodly Trees curiously planted but all the Countrey beside was naked and barren having no other Trees near and the weather was very cold the King therefore suffered his Souldiers to hew down the goodly Pines and Cypress Trees in his Parks and to embolden them he himself took an Axe in his hand and began to hew the goodliest Tree of them all The Souldiers seeing that fell every man to work so that in a short time they had wood enough and the Parks were filled with fires by which the Souldiers sat all night In this expedition Artaxerxes lost many valiant men and most of his Horses wherefore thinking that his men would mock him for his miscarriage he grew distrustfull of all and suspected the chiefest Nobles about him so that in a rage he put many of them to death and yet was not satisfied therewith For there is nothing more cruel nor a greater Bloud-sucker than a cowardly Tyrant as on the contrary there is nothing more courteous and less suspicious than a valiant and couragious man After this King Artaxerxes being grown very old heard that there were great contentions between his Sons which of them should inherit the Kingdome after his Death and that the same was diffused amongst his Kindred and Nobles The wisest of them desired that as he himself came to the Kingdom as his Fathers eldest Son so that he also should leave it to his eldest Son called Darius But the younger who was called Ochus being valiant and of a stirring nature had some in the Court that took his part and himself hoped to obtain the Crown by the means of his Sister Atossa whom he much loved and promised to marry her and to make her Queen if he came to the Kingdom after his Fathers Death Now Artaxerxes because he would put Ochus out of all hope to succeed him lest his expectation might put him to go about to practice that which Cyrus did and by this means his Realm should fall into factions and Civil Wars he proclaimed his Son Darius who was now fifty years old King after his Death and gave him leave from henceforth to wear the point of his Hat upright as the Persian Kings used to do Moreover the custome in Persia was that when any came to be proclaimed Heir apparent to the Crown that he should request a gift of him that Proclaimed him his Successor which the other grants whatsoever it be if it be possible Darius then asked his Father for his Concubine Aspasia who was first Concubine to Cyrus but now the King kept her for his own use She was born in Ionia of Free Parents and was brought up virtuously and amongst other beauties she was brought one night to Cyrus as he was at Supper those others without making nice of it sat down by him and were glad when Cybegan to play and be merry with them answering him pleasantly again But Aspasia stood on her feet by the Table and spake never a word and though Cyrus called her yet would she not come at him And when one of the Grooms would have forced her to him The first said she that shall lay hands on me shall repent it whereupon all that were present said she was a foolish thing and meanly brought up and knew not what belonged to Courtship But Cyrus being glad of it passed it over with laughter and said to him that brought them to him Dost thou not see that of all those that thou hast brought me there is not an honest woman but she After this Cyrus made much of and loved her very well and called her Aspasia the wise She was taken in the Camp of Cyrus amongst his spoils after his overthrow and now Darius begged her of his Father who was very angry in his mind for it For the Persians of all other things were very jealous of their Women and he was to be punished with Death that durst but speak to or touch any Concubine of the Kings though but in sport yea if they come near them or near their Coaches as they went abroad The Kings Daughter Atossa whom he had married against the Law was yet living and besides her he had three hundred and sixty Beautiful Concubines and yet when Darius asked Aspasia of him the King answered that she was a Free-woman born and if she would he was content that he should have her but if she was unwilling he would not by any means have him to force her So Aspasia was called and she was asked with which of them she would choose to be She answered with Darius This was contrary to the expectation of Artaxerxes who both by custome and Law was forced to let him have her But shortly after he took her from him again saying that he would place her in a Nunnery of Diana in the Country of Ecbatane there to serve the Goddess and to live chaste all her dayes Darius took this very impatiently either for that he was deeply in love with her or because he thought that his Father mocked him Tiribazus perceiving it he laboured to aggravate Darius his anger and he every day buzzed it in his ears that it was in vain for him to wear his hat upright if his affairs also went not right forward and that he deceived himself much if he did not know that his Brother by means of the women he kept secretly aspired to the Crown and that his Father being so inconstant as he was he must not expect to succeed him in the Kingdom For said he he that for a Grecian woman hath broken and violated the holiest Law that was in Persia thou must not think he will
they which from their birth were called to Sovereignty should be used both to Cold and Heat and should be exercised to Arms betimes and not be brought up idly and delicately reprehending those which brought him up for using him so tenderly asking them if they meant to make a Woman of his Son They replying that he was tender If he be not born said he to be strong and valiant he will not be worthy to succeed me for he must not be an effeminate Prince that must preserve the Parthian Empire About this time his Empress was brought to bed of another Son at Samercand for joy whereof he made Feasts with Tiltings and Pastimes fifteen dayes together Then did he visit all the Sea-Towns near to Quinsay hunting all manner of Games yet often saying That the Recreations which he used were only helps to ease him in the pains of his publick affairs which God had called him to And when Prince Axalla told him that that City was a fit place for his abode O my friend said he it is not so For it 's a Maxime that the Lord of this great City must not come to it above once in ten years and when he is here he must temper his Actions as if he were upon a stage with Gravity and a good grace before the people who are apt to receive good or evil impressions according as their Princed eporteth himself Having setled his affairs in that part of his Empire he returned to Samercand where three times a Week he administred Justice publickly unto the meanest of his Subjects as well as to the greatest which made him much beloved of all over whom he did command On other dayes he gave secret audience and disposed of the affairs of his estate which were concluded daily in his presence In his Council he used such severity that none durst deal untruly or passionately in his presence Yet shewed he such courteousness in his conversation that he was both beloved and feared of his people He never changed his Servants except they committed some great faults against him All the servants of the late Emperour his Uncle he never changed one of them but increased their Pensions making them sensible of his liberality in that change The like bounty he used to strangers thereby to oblige them to him He drew great store of money yearly from the Muscovite by way of Tribute which yet he distributed in the same Country to maintain his authority there winning those to him who otherwise might have hurt him He had great care of his Revenues wherein he was so expedite that in one hours space he could see his Estate from three months to three months together with his ordinary and extraordinary expences they were presented to him so well digested But after all his publick affairs so well managed and his private businesses so well ordered Sickness arrested and Death conquered this Great Conquerour leaving his Empire to Sautochio his Eldest Son now nineteen years old who was proclaimed Emperour within two hours after his Fathers death Tamerlane from his childhood was well instructed in the Arabian learning wherein he was very studious insomuch as when they thought him to be in the Baths wherein they are very curious in that Contrey being their chiefest delight he was retired to the contemplation and study of Heavenly things He had within his eyes such a Divine beauty and radiancy full of Majesty that one could hardly endure the sight of them without closing of his eyes so that some that talked with him and beheld him were stricken dumb for the present which caused him with a comely modesty to abstain from looking upon them that talked with him All the rest of his Visage was courteous and well-proportioned He wore his hair long and curled contrary to the custome of his Countrey-men who used to shave their Heads He went almost alwayes bare-headed saying that his Mother came of the Race of Sampson who therefore advised him to honour long hair His hair was of a dusky colour inclining somewhat to a Violet the most beautiful that any eye could behold His stature was of a middle sort somewhat narrow in his shoulders He had a fair and strong leg his bodily strength and agility was such as none did surpass and often on Festival dayes he made trial of them with the strongest yet did he it with such a Grace mixt with Humanity that he whom he overcame held himself therein most happy though it was a great disgrace amongst the Tartarians to be thrown to the ground in wrestling In the time of his Wars against the Turks a Souldier of his found buried in the ground a great Pot of Gold which he brought to Tamerlane who asked him if it had his Fathers stamp upon it But when he saw that it had the stamp of the Romans he would not own nor meddle with it THE LIFE and DEATH OF CHARLES the GREAT King of FRANCE And Emperour of GERMANY PEPIN sirnamed The short the twenty third King of France a wise and valiant Prince had two Sons Charles and Caroloman and five Daughters Birthe who was married to Milon Earl of Mans by whom she had great Rowland Hiltrude married to Rene Earl of Genes by whom she had the renowned Oliver Rohard Adeline Idubergue Ode and Alix Pepin being toiled out with great Wars much broken with the care of publick affairs and now grown Old that he might imploy his last days in the maintenance of Justice and Peace the burden of War he laid upon his Eldest Son Charles a wise and valiant young Prince of whose modesty and obedience he was well assured And then retiring to Paris he was not long after surprised with sickness in which he recommended his two Sons to the Estates of France to give them portions at their pleasures and so ended his days Anno Christi 768. He was a Religious Prince wise moderate valiant loving to his Subjects and beloved of them happy in his Father and his Children and in his Government An excellent Pattern for other Princes who by his Example hold it for an undoubted Maxim That the strongest Fortress and best security for a Prince is the love of his Subjects and the surest bond of his Authority a respect gotten and preserved by virtue Pepin being dead the Estates of France assembled together and by their joynt consents divide the Kingdom betwixt his two Sons Charles and Caroloman by equal portions Brother 's these were of divers humours who had certainly ruined each other by this equality of power had not the death of Caroloman within three years after divolved the Government of the whole Realm upon Charles Charles was endowed with singular gifts both of Body and Mind which were much improved by the sedulous care of his Prudent Father manifested in the virtuous education of him For which end he procured Paul of Pisa a
be his Guard and restored to him that part of his Country which Cleopatra had seized upon and added to his Kingdom Gadara and Hippon and Samaria and by the Sea-side Gaza and Anthedon and Ioppa and the Tower of Straton which added much splendour to his Kingdom In Caesars return through Syria Herod conducted him as far as Antioch At his return for the space of a whole year suspicions increased daily between him and his Wife Mariamne she neglecting his carasses and oft upbraiding him either with the death of her Grand-father Hyrcanus or her Father Aristobulus so that Herod could scarce refrain from striking her and Salome by the noise perceiving that Herod was much moved she sent in the Butler whom long before she had suborned for that end who told Herod that he was solicited by Mariamne to deliver him a love potion which he had by him but what it was he knew not Herod hereupon examined the most faithful servant of Mariamne by torture being assured that she would attempt nothing without his privity who not enduring the torments confessed that she was offended for something that Sohemus had declared unto her which when the King heard he cryed out that Sohemus had declared unto her which when the King heard he cryed out that Sohemus who had ever been most faithful both to him and the Kingdom would never have spoken of these things had there not been some more secret familiarity between them than was fitting and thereupon he commanded Sohemus to be apprehended and put to death and having called his Friends to Counsel he accused his Wife for practising to poyson him which he so aggravated that all that were present perceived that he had a mind that she should be condemned which was accordingly done by the general consent of them all and whereas they thought that the execution should not be over speedy but rather that she should be secured in some of the Kings Castles Salome exceedingly urged the King that she should presently be put to death for fear lest there should be some commotion among the People she being alive and in Prison and thus was Mariamne brought to her death When her Mother Alexandra saw her going to execution and considered that she must look for the same at Herods hands that she might not seem to be guilty of the same crime she began to upbraid her Daughter as being wicked and ingrateful towards her Husband saying that she deserved death who durst attempt so hainous an act Whilst she counterfeited these things and made as if she would have pulled her Daughter by the hair they that were present condemned her hypocrisie but she that was led to death returned her no answer but refelled the false accusation with a resolute countenance and mind and underwent her death without fear She being dead Herod began to be more inflamed with love towards her often calling upon her Name and lamenting her death beyond decency and although he sought to divert his grief by pleasures feastings and drinking yet all availed nothing Whereupon he cast off the care of his Kingdom and so far gave up himself to sorrow that he would bid his Servants call Mariamne as though she were yet living As Herod was thus tormenting himself there came a great Plague which swept away a great part both of the Nobility and Commons every one judging that this Plague was sent by God for the unjust death of the Queen The Kings discontents being increased hereby he at last hid himself in a solitary Wilderness under a pretence of hunting where still afflicting himself he fell into a great sickness which was accompanied with an inflammation and great pain in his Neck so that he began to rave neither could any applications ease him but rather made the disease more painful so that those about him began to despair of his life and his Physicians partly because of the stubborness of the disease and partly because in so great danger there was not any free election of diet they gave him leave to eat whatsoever he would Herod lying thus sick in Samaria and Alexandra being at Jerusalem she endeavoured to get the two Castles of the City into her hands the one adjoyning to the Temple the other situate in the City For which end she sollicited the Governours of them to deliver them up unto her and to the Children of her and Mariamne lest that Herod being dead they should be seized upon by others But they who had ever been faithful to Herod were now much more diligent in their Office both out of an hatred of Alexandra and because they thought it a great offence to despair of the recovery of their Prince Hereupon they presently sent Messengers to Herod to acquaint him with Alexandra's attempt who thereupon commanded her to be slain At length overcoming his disease he recovered his strength both of body and mind but grew so cruel that upon the least occasion he was ready to put any one to Death Salome Herods Sister having been married to Cossaborus an Idumean a difference now arising betwixt them she contrary to the custom of the Iews sent him a Bill of Divorce and came away to her Brother Herod telling him that she preferred his love before her tye to her Husband the reason which she pretended was that Cossaborus had practised some innovations with Lysimachus Antipater and Dositheus confirming it from this because he had privily kept in his Country the Children of Bebas now for the space of twelve years from Herods taking of Ierusalem As soon as Herod heard this he sent some to their hiding places and killed them with many others to the intent that none should remain of the kindred of Hyrcanus He also took out of the way all such as excelled in any dignity that he might do whatsoever seemed him good there being none to resist him Herod by these practises growing more secure he began to degenerate more and more from his Country fashions violating them by forreign inventions For first he instituted Wrestlings every fifth year in the honour of Caesar for the exhibiting of which he began to build a Theatre in Ierusalem and an Amphitheatre in the plain both of them very sumptuous for the Workmanship but clean contrary to the Iewish customs Yea he would have this solemnity to be inrolled and to be proclaimed in the neighbouring Countries and to remoter Nations and by propounding greater rewards he invited not only those those were skilful Wrestlers but also excellent Musicians and such as Played on several Instruments Yet that which above all troubled the Iews were the Trophees which being covered with Armour they thought to be Images forbidden by their Law but Herod to satisfie them commanded the Armour to be taken off and shewed them that they were meer stocks of Wood whereupon all their anger was turned into laughter Herod having many ways provoked the Jews ten
and considered it will plainly appear that in none of those things aforesaid nor in any other that may be said of him there hath been any Heathen King or Captain that ever excelled him And setting apart his Ambition and desire of Rule he was onely noted and blamed for being too much given to Women Caesar was thus slain in the fifty sixth year of his Age a little more than four years after the Death of Pompey in the seven hundred and tenth year after the building of Rome and about forty and two years before the Incarnation of our Blessed Lord and Saviour Jesus Christ. Caesar left behind him neither Son nor Daughter legitimate at that time of his Death For though he had been four several times married yet he had but one only Daughter named Julia that was married to Pompey and died before him Wherefore by his last Will he adopted for his Son and made his Heir in the Dodrant that is in nine parts of twelve of his goods his Nephew Octavius Caesar afterwards called Octavianus Augustus who was the Son of Acia his Neece and of Octavius Praetor of Macedonia which Octavius at this time was by the commandment of his Uncle in the City of Apollonia in the Province of Epirus where he applied himself to his studies staying for him there thence to go with him to the Parthian War being now about seventeen years of age Caesar being thus slain the news of it ran presently all over the City and the tumult therein was so great that no man knew what to do or say All Offices ceased the Temples were all shut up and every man was amazed Caesars Friends were afraid of those that slew him and they as much feared his Friends Brutus Cassius and the other Conspirators and others that joyned with them seeing the great tumult durst not go to their Houses nor prosecute their other designs for fear of Mark Anthony and Lepidus whereof the one was Consul and the other General of the Horsemen but presently from thence they went to seize upon the Capitol crying by the way as they went Liberty Liberty and imploring the favour and assistance of the People The rest of that day and all next night Mark Anthony and Lepidus who took Caesars part were in Arms and there passed sundry messages and treaties between them and the Conspirators At last it was agreed that the Senate should sit whither Brutus and Cassius came M. Anthonies Sons by the perswasion of Cicero a great lover of Liberty remaining as Hostages for them In the Senate they Treated of Peace and concord and that all that was past should be buried in perpetual oblivion whereunto Anthony who was Consul and the whole Senate agreed and the Provinces being divided there was a great likelihood of Peace For the Senate approved and commended the murther and the People dissembled their thoughts For on the one side the authority of Brutus and Cassius and the name of Liberty seemed to give them some content and on the other side the hainousness of the fact and the love they bare to Caesar did move and excite them to hate the murtherers and so all was quiet for the present But Mark Anthony who affected the Tyranny took every opportunity to incense the People against them and Caesars Testament being opened wherein besides the adopting of his Nephew Octavius and making him his Heir besides other bequests he bequeathed to the People of Rome certain Gardens and Lands near to the River of Tiber and to every Citizen of Rome certain Gardens and Lands neer to the sum of mony to be divided amongst them which being known much encreased their love to Caesar and made his death more grievous to them Caesars Funeral being agreed upon his Body was burnt with great solemnity in the Field of Mars and Mark Anthony made the Funeral Oration in his Praise and took the Robe wherein Caesar was slain being all bloody and shewed it to the People using such Speeches as provoked them both to wrath and commiseration so as before the Funeral solemnity was fully finished they all depart in great fury taking Brands in their hands from the fire wherein Caesar was burned and went to burn the Houses of Brutus and Cassius and if they could have found them and the rest of the Conspirators they would certainly have slain them and in their fury they unadvisedly slew Elius Cinna by mistaking him for Cornelius Cinna who was one of the Conspirators This tumult put Brutus and Cassius and their confederates into such fear that they all sled from Rome into several parts and though the Senate having appeased the tumult inflisted punishment upon some of the seditious and had already committed some of them to Prison yet Brutus and Cassius durst not return to Rome but after a while went into Greece to Govern those Provinces which Caesar in his Life time had allotted unto them which were Macedonia to Brutus and Syria to Cassius And truly this was very remarkable that within the space of three years all the Conspirators died and not one of them a natural death Caesar in his fifth and last Consulship made an Edict that thanks should be returned to Hyrcanus the High-Priest and Prince of the Jews and to the Nation of the Jews for their affection to himself and the People of Rome And decreed also that the said Hyrcanus should have the City of Jerusalem and repair the Walls of it which Pompey had beaten down and should Govern it as he pleased himself He also granted to the Jews that every second year there should an abatement be made out of their rents and that they should be free from Impositions and Tributes His Name of Caesar was so honourable that all his successors to this present day have assumed it into their Title and esteemed it an honour to be called Caesars THE LIFE and DEATH OF OCTAVIANUS AUGUSTUS In whose Raign our LORD CHRIST WAS BORN OCtavius Caesar who was afterwards called Octavianus Augustus was by the Fathers side descended of the Antient Family of the Octavij which was of great account in Rome even from the time of Tarquin their King By the Mothers side he was descended from the Regal Line His Mother was Accia the Daughter of Accius Balbus and Julia the Sister of Julius Caesar which Accia was married to the Father of Octavius He was born in the year of the Consulshp of Cicero and Caius Antonius He was but four years old when his Father dyed and at twelve years old he made an Oration at the Funeral of his Grand-mother Julia. When his Uncle Julius Caesar was Warring in Spain against the Sons of Pompey Octavius though he was but young followed him thither through many and great dangers and when that War was ended Julius Caesar intending to take him with him to the Parthian War sent him before to the City of Apollonia where he plyed his Book very diligently and on
under their Leader Zorobabel the Son of Salathiel and Nephew to King Jeconias and Joshua the Son of Josedech the High Priest were about fifty thousand And as soon as they arrived at Jerusalem they built an Altar to the living God and sacrificed thereon according to their Law and afterwards bethought themselves how to prepare materials for the building of the Temple Cyrus having set all things in order at Babylon returned through Media into Persia to his Father Cambyses and his Mother Mandanes who were yet living and from thence returning again into Media he married the only Daughter and Heir of Cyaxares and for Dowry had the whole Kingdom of Media given him with her And when the Marriage was finished he presently went his way and took her with him and coming to Babylon from thence he sent Governours into all his Dominions Into Arabia he sent Megabyzus into Phrygia the greater Artacaman into Lydia and Ionia Chrysantas into Caria Adusius into Phrygia Helle spontiaca or the less Pharmicas But into Cilicia and Cyprus and Paphlagonia he sent no Persians to Govern them because they voluntarily and of their own accord took his part against the King of Babylon yet he caused even them also to pay him Tribute Cyrus having spent one whole year with his Wife in Babylon gathered thither his whole Army consisting of one hundred and twenty Thousand Horse and two Thousand Iron Chariots and six hundred Thousand Footmen and having furnished himself with all necessary provisions he undertook that Journey wherein he subdued all the Nations inhabiting from Syria to the Red Sea The time that Cyrus enjoyed in rest and pleasure after these great Victories and the attainment of his Empire is generally agreed upon by all Chronologers to have lasted only seven years In which time he made such Laws and Constitutions as differ little from the Ordinances of all wise Kings that are desirous to establish a Royal power to themselves and their Posterity which are recorded by Xenophon The last War and the end of this Great King Cyrus is diversly written by Historians Herodotus and Justin say That after these Conquests Cyrus invaded the Massagets a very Warlike Nation of the Scythians Governed by Tomyris their Queen and that in an encounter between the Persians and these Northern Nomades Tomyris lost her Army together with her Son Spargapises that was the General of it In revenge whereof this Queen making new levies of men of War and prosecuting the War against Cyrus in a second sore Battel the Persians were beaten and Cyrus was taken Prisoner and that Tomyris cut off his Head from his Body and threw it into a Bowl of Blood using these words Thou that hast all thy time thirsted for blood now drink thy fill and satiate thy self with it This War which Metasthenes calls Tomyrique lasted about six years But more probably this Scythian War was that which is mentioned before which Cyrus made against the Scythians after the Conquest of Lydia according to Ctesias who calleth Tomyris Sparetha and makes the end of it otherwise as you may see before The same Ctesias also recordeth that the last War which Cyrus made was against Amarhaeus King of the Derbitians another Nation of the Scythians whom though he overcame in Battel yet there he received a Wound whereof he died three dayes after Strabo also affirmeth that he was buried in his own City of Pesagardes which himself had built and where his Epitaph was to be read in Strabo's time which he saith was this O Vir quicunque es undecunque advenis neque enim te adventurum ignoravi Ego sum Cyrus qui Persis Imperium constitui pusillum hoc Terrae quo meum tegitur Corpus mihi ne invideas O thou man whosoever thou art and whensoever thou comest for I was not ignorant that thou shouldst come I am Cyrus that founded the Persian Empire Do not envy me this little Earth with which my Body is covered When Alexander the Great returned from his Indian Conquests he visited Pesagardes and caused this Tomb of Cyrus to be opened either upon hope of great Treasure supposed to have been buried with him or upon a desire to honour his dead Body with certain Ceremonies when the Sepulchre was opened there was found nothing in it save an old rotten Target two Scythian Bows and a Sword The Coffin wherein his Body lay Alexander caused to be covered with his own Garment and a Crown of Gold to be set upon it Cyrus finding in himself that he could not long enjoy the World he called unto him his Nobility with his two Sons Cambyses and Smerdis and after a long Oration wherein he assured himself and taught others about the Immortality of the Soul and of the punishments and rewards following the ill and good deservings of every man in this life He exhorted his Sons by the strongest Arguments he had to a perpetual Concord and Agreement Many other things he uttered which makes it probable that he received the knowledge of the true God from Daniel whilst he Governed Susa in Persia and that Cyrus himself had read the Prophesie of Isay wherein he was expresly named and by God pre-ordained for the delivery of his people out of Captivity which act of delivering the Jews and of restoring of the Holy Temple and the City of Jerusalem was in true consideration the Noblest work that ever Cyrus performed For in other actions he was an Instrument of Gods power used for the chastising of many Nations and the establishing of a Government in those parts of the World which yet was not to continue long But herein he had the favour to be an Instrument of Gods goodness and a willing advancer of his Kingdom upon Earth which must last for ever Cyrus had issue two Sons Cambyses and Smerdis and three Daughters Atossa Meroe and Artistona At his Death he bequeathed his Empire to his Eldest Son Cambyses appointing Smerdis his younger Son to be Satrapa or Lieutenant of Media Armenia and Cadusia He reigned about one and thirty years and died aged The Greek Historians wholly ascribe the Conquest of Babylon to Cyrus because that he commanded the Army in Chief yet the Scriptures attribute it to Darius King of the Medes whose General Cyrus was For when Babylon was taken and Belshazzar slain It 's said Dan. 5. 31. that Darius the Median took the Kingdom being about sixty two years old It was Darius also that placed Officers over the several Provinces thereof as we read Dan. 6 1 2. It pleased Darius to set over the Kingdom an hundred and twenty Princes which should be over the whole Kingdom and over these three Presidents of whom Daniel was the first c. And thus was it Prophesied by Isay long before Behold I will stir up the Medes against them c. And by the Prophet Jeremy The Lord hath raised up the Spirit of the King of
with his Army marched towards Caria and Pisidia still giving it out that some Persons in those parts were grown unruly He had in his Army a great number of his own besides thirteen thousand Grecians when news of his approach was brought to the Court all was strait in an uproar Many accused the Queen-Mother as having a hand in it and all her Servants were vehemently suspected But that which troubled Parysatis most was Queen Statyra her Daughter in Law who stormed exceedingly when she saw this War begun against her Husband and cryed out on the Queen-Mother for it Parysatis hereupon being a cruel and malicious Woman so hated her hence forwards that she sought her Death by all means Cyrus in the mean time came on without resistance even to the City of Babylon And whereas Artaxerxes had determined to retire into the farthest parts of Persia Tiribazus was the first that durst tell him that he should not shun the fight lerving to his enemies the Kingdomes of Media Babylon and Susa considering that he had a greater Army than Cyrus and far more skilful Captains which words made the King to alter his mind and to resolve to give Battel so soon as he could Cyrus coming with his Army to the River Cayster received money from Epiaxa Wife to Syenesis the King of Cilicia wherewith he paid his Army full four months Wages and by her perswasion her Husband Syenesis gave him also a vast summ of money towards the maintenance of his Army and like a wise man at the same time he supplied Artaxerxes with necessaries for the War and having two Sons he sent one of them to Cyrus with a competent number of men for his service and the other he sent privily away to Artaxerxes to let him know that having such an Army come upon him he durst not but keep fair with Cyrus nevertheless that he continued a true Servant in heart to Artaxerxes and would fall to him so soon as he had opportunity At Tarsus the Grecians who were eleven thousand Corselets and two thousand Targateers told Cyrus plainly that they would march no farther but by the wisdom of Clearchus they were perswaded to go on and so they came to Issus the utmost City of Cilicia where Cyrus's Fleet met him bringing great supplies to him and the Straights of Syria being abandoned Cyrus marched without any stop to the place where the fight shortly after was Cyrus besides the Grecians before mentioned had in his Army one hundred thousand fighting men and two hundred hooked Chariots Of Artaxerxes his part there were four hundred thousand men and fifteen hundred hooked Chariots The place where the fight was was called Cyanaxa five hundred furlongs from Babylon Cyrus his men were marvelously astonished when they saw the Army of Artaxerxes in such excellent good order whereas themselves were dispersed here and there stragling without any order and ill armed trusting too much to themselves and dispising their enemies So that Cyrus had much ado to set his men in Battel array and yet was it with great noise and tumult But of all others the Grecians wondred most when they saw the Kings Army march in so good order of Battel without any noise for they thought to have seen them in great disorder and confusion and supposed that they would have made such a noise as one could not have heard another whereas Artaxerxes had marshalled his Army excellent well He had placed before his Battel his best Chariots armed with Sithes and drawn by the strongest and biggest Horses he had hoping by their fierceness and fury to disorder the ranks of his enemies Before the Battel began Clearchus General of the Grecians advised Cyrus to keep behind his Squadron and not to hazard his Person amongst his own men To whom Cyrus answered What saist thou Clearchus What wouldst thou have me who strive to be a King to shew my self unworthy to be a King But Clearchus himself committed as great if not a worse fault whenas he would not order his men directly against the Battel of the enemy where Artaxerxes was but pent them up by the Rivers side for fear least they should be compassed in behind whereas if the Grecians had been set in opposition to the King he had never been able to endure their charge but had either been slain or forced to fly wherefore if Artaxerxes would have chosen or wished a place where the Grecians might have done him less hurt he could not have devised a fitter place that was so far from him and from whence the Grecians could neither see nor hear what was done in the place where he was as afterwards appeared Cyrus being mounted upon an hot and hard mouthed Horse the Governour of the Province of the Caducians spyed him afar off and clapping spurs to his Horse he came with a full career to him crying out O Traytor and most unfaithful man Thou dishonourest the name of Cyrus for that thou hast brought such valiant Grecians upon so wicked an enterprise to spoil the Persians Goods and to destroy thy Soveraign Lord and only Brother who hath an infinite number of Slaves and Servants that are honester men than thy self and that thou shalt presently know by experience for thou shalt die before thou seest the Kings face and therewithall he threw his Dart at him with all his force But the Armour of Cyrus was so good that it pierced not yet the blow made him stagger on his Horse back Artagerses having given him this blow presently wheeled about But Cyrus threw a Dart at him so happily that he slew him the head of his Dart passing quite through his Neck Cyrus hereupon presently slew upon those that were neerest to the Kings Person and came so near the King that he flew his Horse under him But Tiribazus presently mounted the King upon another Horse and Cyrus clapping spurs to his Horse threw another Dart at the King and hit him But at the third charge Artaxerxes told them about him that he could not abide this and that he had rather die than suffer it and thereupon he spurred his Horse to charge Cyrus who also came fiercely against him and threw his Dart at him as also did all those that were about the King and so was Cyrus slain in this conflict Now after Cyrus was dead Artasyras one of the Kings Eunuchs passing by found his dead Body whereupon he gallopped apace to the King and with a smiling countenance told him the news Artaxerxes was so joyful that he would needs go to the place to see it But he was advised not to go in Person for fear of the Grecians who carried all before them and were killing those that had fled before them Upon this advice the King stayed and sent thirty men with Torches in their hands to seek him out The King was very ill both by reason of the great thirst he suffered as also by reason of a wound that he had received
perform promise with thee He perswaded him also that it was not a like repulse to Ochus to be denied that which he looked for as it was for him to be turned out of all that ever he had gotten For said he if it please Ochus to live as a private man he might do it safely and no man will trouble him but for you who are already proclaimed King you must of necessity make your self King or else you cannot live Now besides these perswasions the largeness of the Empire and the fear Darius stood in of his Brother Ochus much prevailed with him infomuch that he flatly conspired against his Father Artaxerxes together with Tiribazus and both of them drew many Conspirators to joyn with them But one of the Kings Eunuchs smelling it out ran presently and told the King all and how they had determined suddenly to assail him and to kill him in his Bed in the night Artaxerxes having received this intelligence thought it not safe to be careless in a matter of so great importance as was his Life and yet that it would savour of too great lightness so suddenly to believe the Eunuch without better proof of the matter He therefore commanded the Eunuch to keep Company still with the Conspirators and to follow them whithersoever they went and in the mean time he caused the wall behind his Bed to be beaten down making a door in the place and Tapestry Hangings to be put up before it When the time was come as the Eunuch had advertized the King that the Conspirators intended to execute their Design Artaxerxes being laid on his bed rose not up till he had seen every Traytor in the face that came to kill him But when he saw them coming towards him with their Swords drawn he suddenly slip't under the Hangings into the inner Chamber and shut the door after him crying Murther Murther The Traytors hereupon fled the same way that they came failing of their purpose and bad Tiribazus save himself because he was known so they dispersed themselves and fled But Tiribazus was taken and after he had slain many of the Kings Guard fighting valiantly yet at last one with a Dart afar off slew him Darius also was taken and together with his Sons was brought Prisoner before the King The King referred him to be judged by his Peers and withall he commanded his Secretaries to set down all the Tryal in writing together with the opinion and sentence of every one of the Judges and to bring it to him In conclusion they all cast him and condemned him to dye Then the Officers laid hold on him and led him into a Chamber of the Prison where the Hang-man came with a Razor in his hand with which he used to cut mens throats who were so condemned But when he came into the Chamber he saw it was Darius whereupon his heart so failed that he durst not lay hands on him but went out again The Judges that were without bad him go in and do it unless he would have his own throat cut Then went he in again and took Darius by the hair and made him hold down his head and so cut his neck with the Rasor Artaxerxes being informed hereof went and worshipped the Sun and then turning to his Lords that were about him he said unto them My Lords God be with you and be merry at home in your Houses and tell them that were not here that the great God Oromazes hath taken revenge upon those that practised Treason against me Now Darius being dead Ochus stood in good hope to be next heir to the Crown and the rather through the means and assistance of his Sister Atossa But of his legitimate Brethren he most feared Ariaspes who was only left of all that were legitimate and of his Bastard Brethren he feared Arsames Not for that Ariaspes was elder than he but because he being of a soft and plain name the Persians desired that he might be their King And for Arsames he was wise and valiant and Ochus saw that his Father loved him dearly Now Ochus being subtle and malicious first shewed cruelty upon Arsames and then his Malice upon Ariaspes his Legitimate Brother For knowing him to be simple and plain he daily sent some of the Kings Eunuchs to him who carried him threatning messages as from the King telling him that he determined to put him to a cruel and shameful death These things being daily buzzed into his ears as great secrets did so terrifie poor Ariaspes as that being put in despair of his life he prepared a Poison and drank it to prevent a worse Death King Artaxerxes being informed of his Death took it very heavily and began to suspect the cause that made him thus destroy himself yet being grown very old he neglected to search it out But the Death of Ariaspes made him to love Arsames the better making it to appear that he had a better opinion of him than he had of Ochus and therefore made him privy to all his affairs Ochus seeing this could no longer defer his revenge and he therefore suborned Harpaces the son of Tiribazus to murther his Brother Arsames which accordingly he accomplished Now Artaxerxes being almost spent with age when he heard that his dearly beloved Son Arsames was Murthered was not able to bear it any longer but took it so to heart that he died of grief having lived fourscore and fourteen years and reigned threescore and two When he was dead the Persians found that he had been a good and a gracious Prince and one that loved his People and Subjects especially when they came to have tryal of his Successor Ochus that passed all men living in cruelty For when his Father was dead he dealt so with the Chiliarchs and Eunuchs that were about him that his Death was concealed for ten Months together in which time he dispatched away Letters signed with the Kings Seal into all parts of the Empire commanding them to receive Ochus for their King And when all men had acknowledged him and sworn fealty to him he then made known his Fathers death and commanded a publick mourning to be made for him after the Persian manner and assumed his Fathers name Artaxerxes And then filled and fouled his Court with the bloud of his Kindred and Nobles without respect of Age or Sex amongst whom he caused his own Sister whose Daughter he had married to be buried alive with her heels upward He also caused an Unkle of his with above a hundred of his Children and Grand-children descended out of his loyns to be put into a court and there shot to Death with Arrows This Artaxerxes following herein the example of Cambyses caused certain unjust Judges to be flead alive and their skins to be hung up over the Judgment-seats that they which sat therein seeing what hung over their heads might be the more careful to do Justice
enough in it self Yet it alwayes inflamed this King to cruelty For saith Curtius the Hangman followed the Feast For Haspastes one of his Provincial Governours he commanded to be slain so as Neither did the excess of Voluptuousness qualifie his Cruelty nor his Cruelty at all hinder his Voluptuousness While he refreshed his Army in these parts there came a new supply to him of five thousand Foot and a thousand Horse which were conducted to him by Cleander and his Fellows that had been employed in the murther of Parmenio Against these murtherers great complaints were made by the Deputies of the Provinces in which they had commanded and their offences were proved to be so outragious that Alexander was perswaded that had they not altogether despaired of his return out of India they durst not have committed them All men were glad of the occasion remembring the Virtue of him whom they had slain The end was that Cleander and the other chief together with six hundred Souldiers who had been the instruments of their ravages were delivered over to the Hangman every one rejoycing that the wrath of the King was at last poured out upon the Ministers of his Anger Nearchus and Onesicritus were now returned from searching the Coast and made report of an Island they had discovered rich in Gold and of other strange things whereupon they were commanded to make some farther discovery after which they should come up Euphrates and meet the King at Babylon Alexander drawing near to Babylon went to visit the Sepulchre of Cyrus in Pesagardes where he was presented with many rich Gifts by Orsanes one of the Princes of Persia of the race of Cyrus But because Bagoas an Eunuch who was in special favour with the King was neglected he suborned some loose fellows to accuse Orsanes for robbing Cyrus his Tomb for which he was condemned to dye and Bagoas assisted the Hangman with his own hands to torment him At this time also Alexander caused Phradites to be slain suspecting his greatness Hence saith Curtius he began unreasonably to shed blood and to believe false reports Indeed he took the way to make all men weary of him and his Government seeing Tyranny is more dreadful than all adventures that can be made against it About this time Calanus the Philosopher burnt himself having lived seventy three years and Historians say that before his Death he foresaw and foreshewed the Death of Alexander promising to meet him shortly after at Babylon From Pesagardes Alexander went to Susa where he married Statyra the Eldest Daughter of Darius giving her younger Sister to his beloved Ephestion and eighty other Persian Ladies to other of his Captains To his Wedding Feast he invited six thousand Guests to each of which he gave a Cup of Gold Unto this place came to him three thousand young Souldiers out of his Conquered Provinces whereat the Macedonians greatly murmured Harpalus his Treasurer in Babylon having lavishly consumed the money in his keeping fled with five thousand Talents and six thousand hired Souldiers but when he came into Greece he was there slain Alexander much rejoyced at the fidelity of the Greeks who would not be corrupted with Harpalus his Bribes Yet he sent a command to them that they should receive their banished men again whereunto they all for fear yielded except the Athenians though they saw that it was a manifest preparation to their bondage After this there followed a marvellous discontent in his Army because he had resolved to send into Macedonia all those old Souldiers which could no longer endure the travell of the War and to keep the rest in Asia He made many Orations to satisfie them but all his words were in vain during the heigth of their fury Yet when their first passions were evaporated they became more tractable And with such as were licenced to depart he sent Craterus to whom he gave the Lieutenantship of Macedonia Thessaly and Thrace which Antipater had Governed from the time of Alexanders departure out of Europe who during that time had subdued the rebellious Greeks discharged the trust committed to him with great fidelity and sent him from time to time so many strong supplies into Asia Certainly if Alexander had not taken counsel of his Cups he would have cast some better colour upon this alteration and given Antipater some stronger reasons of his remove than to employ him in conducting a new supply of men to Babylon the War being now at an end For Antipater could make no other construction of this remove but that he had a purpose to send him after Parmenio and the rest The truth is the King notwithstanding his undauntedness had no great mind to grapple with Antipater Alexander having thus sent for Antipater made a journey into Media to settle things there where Ephestion whom he loved and favoured above all others died The King greatly lamented his loss hanged the Physician that could not cure him and built him a Monument that cost twelve thousand Talents After which he returned to Babylon Thither Antipater came not but sent and that not to excuse but to free himself And if we may believe Curtius he suborned his Sons Cassander Philip and Jolla who were Alexander Cup-bearers to give him poyson Thessalus who was one of the conspiracy having invited him to a Drinking-Feast for that purpose Others say that by his inordinate drinking he fell into a Fever whereof he died A little before his Death his Friends about him asked him to whom he would leave his Empire He answered To the most worthy man Then asked they him when they should give him Divine Honours He answered When they themselves were happy which were the last words that he spake and so he died having lived not all out thirty three years nor reigned thirteen As soon as he was Dead his great Captains sought to inrich themselves by his Spoils and whilst they were sharing the World amongst themselves his dead Body lay many dayes in that hot Countrey unburied stinking above ground A notable emblem of the Vanity of all Earthly things Besides this his vast Empire was divided amongst his great Captains To Ptolomaeus Lagi was allotted Egypt and Africa To Laomedon Syria and Phoenicia To Python Media To Eumenes Paphlagonia and Cappadocia To Antigonus Pamphilia Lycia and Phrygia the Greater To Cassander Caria To Menander Lydia To Leonatus Phrygia the less To Lysimachus Thracia with the neighbouring Countries To Antipater Macedonia and the neighbouring Nations But these men not contented with their shares fell out amongst themselves making War one upon another to their own destruction For Perdiccas warring upon Egypt was slain by his own Souldiers Antipater died Eumenes was betrayed by his own Souldiers and slain by Antigonus Olympias the Mother of Alexander was slain by Cassander Cleopatra Sister to Alexander was slain by the treachery of Antigonus Antigonus himself was slain in Battel
by Cassander and Lysimachus Roxane the beloved Wife of Alexander together with her Son Alexander and Barsine another of his Wives which was Daughter to Darius were all slain by Cassander And presently after the whole Family of Cassander was rooted out Ptolomy died in Egypt Lysimachus was slain by Seleuchus and Seleuchus himself presently after by Ptolomy So that all the Family of Alexander within a few years after his Death was wholly extirpated and all his Friends and great Captains by their Ambition and mutual contentions came most of them to untimely ends When the dead body of Alexander had lain seven dayes upon his Throne at last the Chaldeans and Egyptians were commanded from thenceforth to take the care of it But when they came about it they durst not at first approach to touch it But anon after saying their Prayers that it might be no sin unto them being but mortals to lay their hands upon so Divine a Body they fell to work and dissected it the Golden Throne whereon he lay being all stuffed with Spices and hung about with Pendants and Banners and other Emblems of his high State and Honour The care of his Funeral and of providing a Chariot wherein to carry his Body to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon was committed to Aridaeus who spent two whole years in making provision for it which made Olympias his Mother seeing him lye so long unburied in great grief of heart to cry out and say O my Son Thou that wouldst needs be accounted amongst the Gods and keptest such adoe about it canst not now have that which every poor man hath a little Earth and Burial Long after when Julius Caesar had Conquered Pompey and was idle in Egypt Lucan tells us that he visited the Temples and the Cave wherein the Body of Alexander the Great lay In these Verses Vultu semper celante timorem Intrepidus Superum sedes Templa vetusti Numinis c. Then with a look still hiding fear goes he The Stately Temple of th' old God to see Which speaks the Ancient Macedonian greatness But there delighted with no Objects sweetness Nor with their Gold nor Gods Majestick dress Nor lofty City Walls with greediness Into the burying Vault goes Coesar down Where Macedonian Philip's mad-brain'd Son The prosperous Thief lies buried Whom just Fate Slew in the Worlds Revenge Alexander was very Learned and a great Lover of Learning and Learned men insomuch as he rewarded his Master Aristotle with eighty Talents for his History of Living Creatures He so prized Homers Iliads that in all his Wars he carried it in his Pocket and laid it under his Pillow a nights He loved his Master Aristotle as if he had been his Father and used to say We have our being from our Parents but our well-being from our School-Masters His Mother Olympias was very severe and morose in her carriage and once Antipater his Vice-Roy in Europe wrote large Letters of complaint to him against her to whom he returned this answer Knowst thou not that one little tear of my Mothers will blot out a thousand of thy Letters of complaint When he heard the Philosophers conclusion concerning the unity of the World he wept because there were no more Worlds for him to Conquer but one An evident note of his great Ambition which also manifested it self hereby That when he came to the Tomb of Achilles he fell as weeping considering that Achilles had a Homer to sing his Praises and to perpetuate his memory whereas he had no such Poet to set forth his Commendations Also he commanded that no man should draw his Picture but Apelles the most exquisite Painter in the World and that none should make his Statue in Brass but Lycippus the most excellent Workman in that kind Alexander used to carry his Head on one side inclining to the left wherein his Court-Parasites to ingratiate themselves with him imitated him One desiring to see his Treasures and his Jewels he bad his Servants shâ—w him not his Talents of Gold and Silver and such other precious things but his Friends When he had overcome Darius and gotten possession of all his Dominions and Treasures he began to degenerate into the Asian Luxury His Chastity and Moderation were turned into Pride and Lust. He judged his Country manners and the Discipline of the former Macedonian Kings too sordid and mean for him He imitated the Pride of the Persian Kings he made him a Crown and Robes like unto Darius He grew so proud and insolent that he suffered his Souldiers to fall down and worship him like a God Yea he commanded his Servants and Slaves to do so He cloathed his Captains and Horse-men like unto the Persians which though they disliked they durst not refuse He gat him three hundred sixty five Concubines of the beautifullest Virgins that could be found in Asia after the manner of the Persian Kings one of which lay with him every night He had his Troops of Eunuchs with Musicians Jesters Singing women c. He spent whole days and nights in profuse Feasting and Revelling All which was very offensive to his old Captains and Souldiers When he was a Boy he took both his hands full of perfumes and cast them into the fire as he was Sacrificing whereupon Leonidas one of his School-Masters said to him O Alexander when thou hast Conquered those Countries wherein these odors grow then thou maist be so liberal but in the mean time be more sparing Afterwards when he had conquered Arabia Foelix he sent to Leonidas a hundred Tallents of Myrrhe and five hundred of Frankincense bidding him to be hereafter more liberal in his service of the Gods He was of so bountiful a disposition that it was a greater trouble to him not to be asked than not to give He wrote to Phocian that he would make use of his friendship no more if he refused his Gifts Serapion a young Boy that used to play at Ball with him gat nothing because he asked nothing whereupon the next time he played he threw the Ball to all but Alexander the King marvelling at it asked him why he threw not the Ball to him Forsooth said Serapion because you asked it not Alexander laughing at the jest sent him a liberal Gift As he was travelling through the Desarts of Persia himself and his Army were in great straits for want of water One of his Souldiers having two Sons ready to dye of thirst sought up and down and at last found a little water wherewith he filled a leather Bottel and was running with it to his Sons but meeting Alexander by the way he filled it out into a dish and profered it to him Alexander asked him whither he was carrying it the man told him that his two Sons were ready to die with thirst But said he pray you Sir do you drink it For if my Sons die I can get more but if you die we shall not have such
with a Dart with such force as breaking the Wood he left the Iron Head sticking in his Body Having received this deadly wound he fell immediately to the ground But then was there a more cruel fight about him than ever there was before which occasioned great Slaughter on both sides till the Thebans by fine force made their enemies to flie for their lives and when they had pursued them a while they returned back to their Camp that they might keep the dead Bodies in their Power which was a certain Sign that the Victory was theirs and then they sounded a retreat and so the Battel ended Both sides challenged the Victory and made Triumphs for it The Lacedemonians did it because the Athenians had slain those of Negropont that were sent to seize upon the Hills before mentioned and kept their bodies in their power The Thebans on the other side having overcome the Spartans had the bodies of them that were slain in the Battel in their power which was by far the greater number wherefore they said that they were the Victors Thus both standing upon their tearms it was a good while before either would send a Trumpet or Herauld to the other for leave to bury their dead Yet at last the Lacedemonians sent first and then they all betook themselves to give the dead an Honourable Burial And as for him that had killed Epaminondas he was highly esteemed and honoured for his Valiant Act and the Lacedemonians gave him many rich Presents and made him and his Posterity free from all publick Taxes and contributions in the Common-wealth As for Epaminondas he was brought yet alive into his Tent howbeit his Physitians and Surgeons being called together to dress his Wounds they all concluded that so soon as they plucked the Head of the Dart out of his body he must needs die And truly he made a most noble and worthy end For first he called for his Target-bearer who was always at his hand in the Battel and asked him Is my Target safe He brought it straight Then he asked Who had the Victory The Boeotians answered the Target-bearer Then he commanded them to bring to him Diophantus and Jolidas they told him they were both dead Upon this he advised his Citizens to make Peace with their enemies for that they had not any Captain of skill to lead them to the Wars And now said he it is time for me to die and therefore pluck the Dart Head out of my Body At this word all his Friends that were about him fetched grievous sighs and even cryed out for sorrow and one of them weeping said unto him Alas Epaminondas Thou diest now and leavest no Children behind thee Yea said he that I do For I leave two fair Daughters behind me whereof the one is the Victory at Leuctres and the other this of Mantinea So they pulled out the Dart and immediately he gave up the Ghost without shewing any sign that he was at all troubled at it He used often to say That War is the Bed of Honour and that it is a sweet Death to dye for ones Country He was one of the bravest Captains that ever we read of For whereas others excelled in some one or two Virtues by which they made their Fame great and glorious he excelled in all the Vertues and good Parts that could be desired in a Grave Politick and great Captain to make him compleat in all things that could be expected in an Heathen In his time he advanced his Country to the Principality of all Greece But after his Death they soon lost it and not long after Alexander the Great utterly brake them in pieces made Slaves of those that survived and razed their City to the very ground As in his life time he had always detested covetousness so after his Death the Thebans were faign to bury him at the common charge of the City because they found no mony in his House to defray the least part of the Funeral expences THE WICKED LIFE AND WOFUL DEATH OF HEROD the GREAT In whose time Our LORD CHRIST was Born HEROD sirnamed the Great was the Son of Antipas or Antipater an Idumaean a prime man both for birth and wealth amongst them His Mothers name was Cyprus born at an eminent place amongst the Arabians so that when this Herod acquired the Kingdom of Judea that Prophesie of old Jacob was fulfilled Gen. 49. 10. The Scepter shall not depart from Judah nor a Law-giver from between his feet until Shiloh come This Antipater riding his circuit about the Province of Judea whereof Julius Caesar had made him Governour repressed them who were desirous of innovation both by threats and counsel telling them that if they would be content with their Prince Hyrcanus whom Caesar also had confirmed in the High-Priesthood they might live happily in their own possessions but if they promised themselves new hopes and thought that they should gain much by innovations they should have him a Master instead of a Governour and Hyrcanus a Tyrant instead of a King and Caesar and the Romans bitter enemies instead of Princes for that they would by no means suffer any thing to be altered from what they had setled But Antipater perceiving Hyrcanus to be dull and idle he settled the state of the Province as himself pleased making his elder Son Phasaelus Governour of Jerusalem and the Countries adjoyning and to Herod his second Son being then a very young man he committed the care of Galilee Herod being Praefect of Galilee there was one Esekias a Jew who associating to himself many other lewd persons exercised thievery and used to make incursions into Syria in Troops These Herod pursued and having taken Esekias he put him to Death which fact of his gat him much favour with the Syrians which Province also was then under his Government The violence and bold nature of Herod who was desirous of the Tyranny much terrified the Princes of the Jews wherefore they addressed themselves to Hyrcanus and openly accused Antipater but especially they complained of Herod for that he had put to death Esekias with many others without any Commission from Hyrcanus in contempt of their Laws by which no man ought to suffer though never so wicked unless he were first condemned by the Judges The Mothers also of them that were killed ceased not daily in the Temple to weary both the King and the people with their continual exclamations desiring that Herod might be made to give an account of these his doings before the Sanhedrim whereupon Hyrcanus moved herewith commanded Herod to be called before the Council and to plead his own cause Herod having ordered the affairs of Galilee as he thought best for his own advantage being fore-warned by his Father that he should not come into the Council as a Private Person he took with him a moderate but yet a sufficient Guard not too great lest he should
Souldiers and sent them home well rewarded by which means he procured the love of the Citizens but the greater hatred of the Tyrant Shortly after Antigonus the Son of Aristobulus Brother to Hyrcanus invaded Judea being assisted by Ptolomei the son of Menaeus and Fabius the Governour of Damascus and Masion the Tyrant of the Tyrians who adhered to him for the hatred that he bore to Herod whom Herod meeting when they had scarce entred the borders of Judea overcame them in Battel and drave them thence whereupon Hyrcanus honoured him with Crowns as soon as he returned to Jerusalem For he was already accounted as one of the Family of Hyrcanus being to marry Mariamne or Mary the daughter of Alexander the Son of Aristobulus the Brother of Hyrcanus and of Alexandra the daughter of Hyrcanus M. Anthony having overcome Brutus and Cassius there met him Ambassies from all Nations in Bythinia and amongst the rest some of the Rulers of the Jews to accuse Phasaelus and Herod alledging that Hyrcanus ruled only in shew but in truth all the power was in the two Brothers Yet Anthony highly honoured Herod who was come thither to wipe of all those objections whereby it came to pass that his Adversaries were not so much as admitted to speak with Anthony and this Herod had obtained by his Bribes Yet not long after there came an hundred of the most honourable amongst the Jews to Daphne near Antioch in Syria to Anthony to accuse Phasaelus and Herod having chosen out of their whole number the most Eloquent to manage their business But Messala undertook the defence of the two Brothers with whom also Hyrcanus joyned who had betrothed his Grand-daughter to Herod Both Parties being heard Anthony asked Hyrcanus whether of the two parties were fittest to Govern a Commonwealth who speaking for the young men Anthony that loved them for their Fathers sake his old Friend he made them both Tetrarchs leaving to them the Government of all Judea writing his Letters to the same purpose and clapped fifteen of their Adversaries into Prison and would have put them to death had not Herod intreated for them But when the People did nothing but rail upon Herod Anthony in displeasure slew them all Antigonus the Son of Aristobulus hired the Parthians to translate the Kingdom from Hyrcanus to himself and to kill Herod who coming along with him and some Jews also joyning themselves to him he came to Jerusalem and they set upon the Kings House But Phasaelus and Herod defended it against them and in the Market place overcoming them in a fight forced them to fly into the Temple where they shut them in and placed sixty men in some adjoyning houses to prevent their flight but the people hating the two brethren set fire on those Houses and burnt the men in them which so inraged Herod that he slew many of the people and each laying wait for the other every day some were murdered The day of Pentecost being come many thousands of men as well armed as unarmed gathered together about the Temple from all parts of the Country and seized upon the Temple and City all but the Kings House which Herod kept with a few Souldiers as Phasaelus did the walls These brothers assisting each other assaulted their enemies in the Suburbs forced many thousands of them to flie some into the City and some into the Temple and others into a rampire that was near the City Hereupon Antigonus desired that Pacorus the General of the Parthians might be admitted to make peace between them which Phasaelus assented to and Pacorus perswaded him to go with him as an Ambassador to Barzapharnes another General of the Parthians laying an ambush for him by the way Phasaelus assented though much against the mind of his Brother Herod and was willing to go with Pacorus and took Hyrcanus along with him Pacorus leaving two hundred Horsemen with Herod and ten whom they called Eleutheri went along with the Ambassadors And as soon as they were come into Galile Barzapharnes entertained them with a cheerful countenance and bestowed gifts upon them but watched an opportunity to intrap them and so Phasaelus was brought with his Company to a place near the Sea-side called Ecdippon where Ophellus a rich Syrian understanding of the treachery intended against them offered Phasaelus some Ships to carry him away But he unwilling to leave Hyrcanus and his Brother Herod in danger expostulated with Barzapharnes about the injury offered to them who were Ambassadors who swore that these things were not true and presently went to Pacorus No sooner was he gon but Hyrcanus and Phasaelus were clapped up in Prison much detesting the perfidiousness of the Parthians and an Eunuch also was sent to Herod with a command to surprize him if he could get him out of Jerusalem Herod having intelligence what had happened to his Brother taking with him such forces as he had in readiness and his Mother Cybele his Sister Salome his Wife Mariamne and his Wives Mother Alexandra the Daughter of Hyrcanus and his yougest Brother Pheroras with their Servants he privately by Night took his flight into Idumaea In their journey his Mother by the overthrow of her Coach was in great danger of death and Herod fearing least the enemies should overtake them whilest they stayed there drew forth his Sword thinking to kill himself But being restrained by those which stood by he went towards Massada a very strong place which is seated in Arabia and Palestine by the nearest way that he could possible The Parthians first and also the Jews pursuing him by that he was sixty furlongs from the City but he repelled them both in fight The next day after Herod had fled from Jerusalem the Parthians plundered the City and the Kings House only the Treasure of Hyrcanus which was three hundred Talents remained untouched A great part also of Herods substance which he had not carried away with him they siezed upon and not satisfied therewith they harrized all the Country also and razed the rich City of Marissa Antigonus being thus setled in Judaea by the Parthians he received into his custody Hyrcanus and Phasaelus who were Prisoners yet he was much grieved that the Women were got away whom he had intended to deliver to the Parthians together with the money which he had promised to give them Being afraid also lest Hyrcanus should again by the favour of the People be restored to his Kingdom and Priest-hood he cut off his ears thereby rendring him unfit for the Priest-hood the Law forbidding that any one who wanted a member should approach to the Altar Lev. 21. 17 c. Phasaelus knowing that his death was determined sought to lay violent hands upon himself but being hindred by reason of his chains he dashed out his brains against a stone Yet before he was quite dead hearing by a Woman that his Brother Herod was escaped he
rapines and for rasing and robbing their Temple Yet was Herod nothing herewith terrified being ready to answer for himself But Caesar used him curteously and was nothing alienated from him for all these tumultuous complaints The Gadarens therefore perceiving the inclination of Caesar and his Friends towards Herod despairing of good success and fearing to be delivered into Herods hands some of them cut their own Throats others fearing torments brake their own Necks or drowned themselves in the River and thus seeming to forejudg themselves Caesar absolved Herod from all their accusations Zenodorus also having his bowels burst through much blood that came from him ended his life at Antioch in Syria whereupon Augustus Caesar gave his Tetrarchy to Herod he made him also one of the Governours of Syria commanding the rest of the Governours of that Province to do nothing without his advice Herod bestowed upon his Brother Pheroras a hundred Talents out of the revenues of his Kingdom and begged a Tetrarchy for him of Caesar to the intent that if himself should happen to die Pheroras estate might be secure and not subject to Herods Children Caesar coming into the East having setled his affairs there Herod conducted him to the Sea-side and so returned into his own Kingdom where he built a goodly Temple in honour of Caesar all of white Marble near to Panion at the foot of which mountain were the spring-heads of Jordan He also remitted to his Subjects some part of their Tribute under pretence that he would ease them after the great dearth but indeed to appease the minds of his Subjects who were offended at his vast works which seemed to tend to the destruction of Religion and good manners as was commonly talked As also to prevent these reports he forbad all private meetings in the City and to frequent Feastings He had spies also who would mingle themselves in all Companies and mark what People said yea himself would go about in the Night in the habit of a private Person and mingle himself in the company of People to hear what they thought of him and such as peremptorily disliked his doings he would punish without all mercy the rest of the multitude he bound to him by Oath requiring that they should not depart from their fidelity and duty Yea he required this Oath of many of the Pharisees as of Pollio and Sameas c. which though he could not get them to take yet did he not punish them as he did others in regard of that respect that he bore to Pollio Neither did he impose it upon the Esseans whom he much esteemed for one Manaherus sake who was a Prophet and when Herod was but a Boy he saluted him King of the Jews and foretold that he should Reign above thirty years Herod in the eighteenth year of his Reign propounded to the Jews his building the Temple at Jerusalem whom when he saw troubled least when he had pulled down the old he should not be able to finish a new one he told them that the old Temple should remain whole as it was till all the materials necessary for the new Fabrick should be fully prepared neither did he deceive them for he provided a thousand Wagons to carry stones and he chose out of all the Artificers ten thousand that were the most exquisite Work-men and a thousand Priests clothed in their Priestly Garments at his cost who were not altogether ignorant of the Masons and Carpenters Art to oversee them All necessary materials for this stately work being provided in the space of two years Herod began to build the Temple at Jerusalem forty six years before the first Passover of the Ministry of Christ and therefore that Text Joh. 11. 20. should be thus translated This Temple hath been built forty six years hitherto So the learned Primate of Ireland and our Country-man Lydiat read it Indeed the building of the Temple under Zorobabel began in the first year of the Monarchy of Cyrus and after some interruptions was finished in twenty years space viz. in the sixth year of Darius Hystaspes but the magnificent building of it begun by Herod at this time was finished in nine years space and an half and truly the riches of Herod alone were not sufficient to perfect so magnificent a structure but all the holy treasures of many ages that were sent to them from all the parts of the World to Jerusalem were spent about it Not long after Herod set sail for Italy to salute Caesar and to see his Children at Rome and as he passed through Greece he was not only present at but Judg of the Olympick exercises where observing that they did not answer the resort that was to them through the poverty of the Elienses he bestowed towards them a yearly revenew that so their Sacrifices might be made the more splendid as also other things that tended to the gracing of so great a meeting For which bounty he was declared perpetual Judg of those exercises When he came to Rome Caesar intertained him courteously and delivered to him his Sons sufficiently instructed in the Liberal Sciences and so from thence he went into Galatia At Jerusalem by the diligence of the Priests the building of the Temple properly so called that contained the Holy and the Holy of Holies was finished in a year and a half during which time it is reported that it never rained in the day time but only in the Nights and in the eight years following the Porches the Ranges and the rest of the buildings about the Temple were all finished When Alexander and Aristobulus were returned into Judea and had gained all mens love Salome the Sister of Herod and her Faction fearing that at some time or other they would revenge their Mothers death cast out a rumour amongst the people that they hated their Father because he had caused their Mother to be slain But Herod as yet suspecting no ill used them with all Honour as they deserved and because they were now grown to mens estate he provided them Wives for Alexander Bernice the Daughter of Salome and for Aristobulus Glaphira the Daughter of Archelaus the King of the Cappadocians Then Herod hearing that Agrippa was again come into Asia he went to him and begged of him that he would come into his Kingdom as to his Friend and Guest and as he came he entertained him in all the Cities that he had newly built shewing him the publick buildings and presenting both to himself and friends all kind of delights which might set forth his magnificence at Sebaste and the Port of Caesarea and in the Castles of Alexandrion Herodion and Hyrcania He brought him also into the City of Jerusalem where all the People met him in their best and Festival attire and with acclamations of joy Agrippa also sacrificed an Hecatombe to God and feasted the People and though he would willingly have stayed longer there yet
called him back so hastily and when he came to Celenderis a Town of Cilicia he began to doubt of his return hearing of and being extream sorrowful for the disgrace of his Mother yet failing forwards he came to Sebaste a Port of Caesarea where being saluted by none he went to Jerusalem It happened that Quintilius Varus was the same time at Jerusalem being sent as Successor to Saturninus into Syria and then called thither by Herod to assist him with his Counsel in those his weighty affairs As they were sitting both together in comes Antipater not knowing any thing and in his purple Garment that he used to wear entring the Palace but himself being entred the Guards suffered none of his followers to come in with him As he was coming near his Father thrust him from him reproaching him with the murther of his Brethren and his intention of poysoning his Father telling him that the next day Varus should hear and determine all things betwixt them and accordingly the next day Varus and the King sitting in Judgment his Father himself first began the accusation and left the prosecution and confirmation thereof to his old Friend Nicholas Damascene one that knew all the business and when Antipater could not clear himself from the crimes objected against him Varus commanded the poyson that he had prepared for his Father to be brought forth which being given to a condemned main killed him immediately after which Varus rose from the Council and the next day went to Antiochia but Herod cast his Son into Prison and signified so much by Letters to Caesar sending also messengers who by word of mouth might acquaint him with the cursed Treason of Antipater As these Messengers were posting to Rome Herod fell sick and made his will leaving his Kingdom to his youngest Son Herod Antipas being exasperated against his two elder Sons Archelaus and Philip by the false accusations of Antipater Judas the Son of Sariphaeus and Matthias the Son of Margalothus two of the most Learned of the Jews and best Interpreters of the Law knowing that the Kings sickness was incurable perswaded some young men that were their Scholars to throw down the Golden Eagle that was set up by Herod over the great gate of the Temple who accordingly going up at noon day pulled and hewed down with their axes the Eagle a great multitude being in the Temple and beholding it which as soon as it was told the Captain he came with a strong Band of Souldiers and laid hold upon some forty of the young men together with their Masters and brought them to Herod These constantly defending what they had done Herod commanded them to be bound and sent them to Jericho Then calling for the Rulers of the Jews into whose Assembly he was brought in a Litter by reason of his weakness he complained to them not so much of the injury done to himself as to God as he said These denying that it was done by their order somewhat pacified him only he took away the High-Priesthood from Matthias whom he suspected not to be a stranger to that fact and made his Successor Jazer the Brother of his Wife Mariamne the Daughter of Simon the High Priest but he burned alive the other Matthias that was the author of this sedition and his companions Herods disease began now to grow worse for he was burned with a slow fire which was not perceived so much by the outward touch as by the inward effects of it which burnt up his very Bowels He had also the disease called the Bulemia or Dog-like appetite which provoked him to a continual desire of eating and yet nothing would satisfie him He was also continually tormented with ulcers in his Bowels and pains of the Cholick His feet swelled with a moist phlegm and his thighs also His members rotted and were full of worms which occasioned an intolerable stink He was no less troubled with a Priapisme and moreover was vexed with grievous convulsions and difficulty of breathing And though he was so grievously tormented that every one judged that he could not be able to endure it long yet he hoped that he should break through it being very careful to send for the ablest Physicians and sought medicines from every place He went also beyond Jordan to the Hot Baths at Callirhoe which run into the Asphaltite Lake which beside the medicinal virtue are pleasant and good to be drunk There being by the advice of his Physicians set into a Bathing tub of oyl he seemed to them to be giving up the Ghost yet by the sudden crying out and lamentations of his Friends he came to himself again and now seeing no hope of recovery he commanded fifty Drachmaes to be given to every Souldier and having shewed much liberality to his Captains and Friends he returned again to Iericho Augustus being told that amongst the Children which Herod had caused to be slain at Bethlehem there was a Son also of his own slain He said That it was better to be Herods Hog than his Son Herod an Edict called together to Iericho all the most Noble of the Iews and when they came he shut them all up together in a place called the Hippodrome giving command to his Sister Salome and her Husband Alexus that as soon as He was dead they should cause his Souldiers to slay them all that so the people might have cause of sorrow who otherwise he feared would rejoyce at his death At this time Letters came from Rome from the Ambassadours whom He had sent to Caesar wherein they certified him that the Emperour left Antipater to his Fathers pleasure either to banish or to put him to death Herod hearing this was a little cheared but presently his torments returning and being greedy of meat He called for an apple and a knife to pare it intending with the knife to have stabbed himself which also he attempted but Archelaus his Nephew prevented him and holding his right Hand called for help This accident caused much sorrow fear and tumult through the whole Palace as if Herod had been dead Antipater perceiving the noise thought verily that his Father was dead and thereupon began to tamper with his Keeper about letting him out promising him great Rewards both for the present and for the future when it would lye in his power amply to reward him This his practice the Keeper told to the King who for indignation cryed and though he was so near death yet did he raise up himself on his Bed and commanded one of his Guard to go presently and kill Antipater and to bury him in the Castle of Hyrcanion without any honour which was done accordingly Then did He make a new Testament for Antipas whom before he had made Successor to his Kingdom he made Tetrarch of Galilee and Petrea To his Son Philip he assigned the Regions of Gaulanitis Trachonitis Batanaea and Pancada the name of a
them but when they saw they were past their reach they let them go Then striking off Pompeys Head they threw his Body overboard where it was a miserable spectacle to all that desired to behold it Philip his infranchised Bondman stirred not from it till the Aegyptians had glutted themselves with looking upon it Then having vvashed it with Salt water and wrapped it up in an old Shirt of his own he sought about the Sands and at last found a piece of an old Fisher-boat scarce enough to burn all the Body and as he was gathering the pieces of this Boat together there came to him an old Roman who in his Youth had served under Pompey saying O Friend what art thou that preparest the Funerals of Pompey the Great Philip answered that he was a Bondman of his infranchised Well said he thou shalt not have all this honour alone Pray thee let me accompany thee in this devout deed that I may not altogether repent me that I have dwelt so long in a strange Country where I have endured much misery but to recompence me let me have this good hap to touch Pompeys Body and to help to bury this most famous Captain of the Romans The next day Lucius Lentulus not knowing what had happened coming out of Cyprus sailed by the shore side and perceiving a Funeral fire and Philip standing by it he asked him whose Funeral it was But straight fetching a great sigh alas said he perhaps it is Pompeys the Great Then he landed a little and was presently slain This was the deplorable end of Pompey the Great Caesar not long after came into Aegypt where there were great Wars at which time Pompeys Head was presented to him but he turned aside and would not see it abhorring him that brought it as a detestable Murtherer Then looking on his Signet Ring whereon was engraven a Lion holding a Sword he burst out a weeeping Achillas and Photinus he put to death King Ptolomy being overthrown in Battel by the River Nilus vanished away and was never after heard of Theodotus escaped Caesars hands and wondred up and down Aegypt in great misery dispised of every man And afterwards Marchus-Brutus who slew Caesar when he conquered Asia met with this Theodotus by chance and putting him to all the torments he could possibly devise he at last slew him The Ashes of Pompeys Body were afterwards brought to his Wife Cornelia who buried them in a Town of hers near the City of Alba. THE LIFE and DEATH OF JULIUS CAESAR The First FOUNDER OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE JULIUS CAESAR by the Fathers side was of a very Noble and ancient Family and by the Mothers side he descended from the Kings of Rome who were extracted from the Trojan Aeneas When he was a youg man Sylla having gotten the Lordship of Rome would have had him put away his Wife Cornelia who was the Daughter of Cinna the Dictator but he could not prevail with him either by promises or threats to do it whereupon he took away her Joynter from him Sylla being very busie in putting to Death many of his Enemies yet passed by Caesar whom he contemned for his youth And Caesar was not contented to retire in safety in those stormy times but came and made suit to the People for the Priesthood which was then void when he had scant any hair on his Face but by Syllâ—s means he suffered a repulse who was so irritated hereby that he determined to have killed him and when some of Syllas Friends told him that it was to no purpose to put so young a man to Death he answered That they did not consider that there were many Marius 's in that one Boy Caesar being informed of his danger secretly fled from Rome and hid himself a long time amongst the Sabines wandering from one place to another yet at length he fell into the hands of a party of Syllas Souldiers who sought for him but he bribed their Captain with two Talents and so escaped Then went he unto the Sea side and taking Ship he passed into Bythinia unto King Nicomedes And after a while he took Sea again and fell into the hands of some Pirates who at that time kept all the Sea-coast with a great Fleet. They asked him twenty Talents for his Ransom Caesar laughed them to scorn as not knowing what a man they had taken and of himself promised them fifty Talents and sent some of his men to get him this mony so that he was almost left alone amongst these Thieves which were the cruellest Butchers in the World having only one of his Friends and two Slaves with him Thus he continued thirty eight days amongst them not as a Prisoner but rather waited upon as a Prince by them For he boldly exercised himself amongst them in their sports He would make Orations and call them together to hear them and if they seemed not to understand or regard them he would call them Blockheads and Beasts and laughing would threaten to hang them and they took all in good part thinking that it proceeded from his Boyish simplicity When his Ransome was come he paid it them and so was dismissed and presently arming and manning some Ships out of the Haven of Miletum he followed these Thieves and finding them yet at Anchor he took most of them and got a great Booty and carryed their Persons to the City of Pergamus and there imprisoned them whilst himself went to Jumus the Governour of Asia to whom the execution of these Pirats did belong But he desiring to get the mony because there was good store of it said that he would consider of theâ—e Prisoners at better leasure Caesar hereupon returned back to Pergamus and there hung up all the Thieves openly upon the Cross as he often had threatened that he would do when they thought that he was but in jest When Syllas power began to decay Caesars Friends wrote to him to return to Rome But he first went to Rhodes to study there for a time under the Tuition of Apollonius an honest man and excellent Rhetorician whose Schollar also Cicero had been Caesar had an excellent gift to speak well naturally which was much holpen by his Studies so that he was very Eloquent and might have been second to none but that he applied himself rather to follow the Wars and to mannage great matters than to pleading of causes When he was returned again to Rome he immediately wan the good will of the People by his Eloquence and courteous speaking to every man being more ceremonious in his deportment than could be expected from one of his years Besides he ever kept a good Table and fared well and was very liberal which much encreased his estimation with the People And his Enemies presuming that when he could not hold out that charge and expence the favour of the People would quickly decay they suffered him to go on
and favours upon all sorts of People He delighted the People with Feasts and Playes of sundry kinds going himself in person to honour them He sent Colonies into sundry parts and Provinces He made excellent good Orders for the Governours and Government of the whole Empire The like he did also for the Wars and Martial Discipline He shewed himself loving and sociable to his Friends and Familiars whom he honoured and loved much Some conspiracies against him which were discovered he punished without rigour being more prone to pardon than to punish Of murmurings and defamatory Libels he never desired to know the Authors but answered them with gravity giving satisfaction and purging himself from those things which were charged upon him He was much addicted to and affected with Learning and himself was very Learned and Eloquent and compiled some notable Books He much honoured and rewarded Wise and Learned men yet he escaped not the tainture of some Vices growing through humane frailty and his great liberty especially he was much given to Women though in his diet apparel and ornaments he was very sparing and modest He gave himself also excessively to play at Dice and other Games then in use Thus though in many things he was very happy yet besides his troubles and dangers he was very unhappy in his Children and Successours For by his four Wives to whom he was married he had only one Daughter called Julia by his third Wife Scribonia and she proved exceeding wanton and unchaste yea she left nothing undone in Luxury and Lust that was possible for a Woman to do or suffer accounting every thing lawful that pleased her Yea she came to that height of lasciviousness that she kept her Feasting even in the Courts of Justice abusing those very places with lascivious acts in which her Father had made Laws against Adulterers Hereupon her Father was so enraged that he could not contain his anger within his own House but published these things yea and communicated them to the Lords of the Senate He kept himself also a long time from company for very shame He had thoughts of putting his Daughter to death but at last he banished her into Pandataria an Island of Campania her Mother Scribonia of her own accord accompanying her in her banishment Julia being at this time thirty eight years old For want of Sons to succeed him Augustus first adopted his Nephew Marcellus the Son of his Sister Octavia to whom he first married his Daughter Julia and Marcellus dying without Issue he then married her to his Favourite Agrippa who also left her a Widow but yet he had by her three Sons and two Daughters Two of these Sons having been adopted by Augustus died before him whereupon he adopted the third who bore his Fathers Name Agrippa the which adoption he afterwards revoked for some displeasure conceived against him and lastly he adopted his Son in Law Tiberius Nero and made him his Heir whom also he married to his Daughter Julia the Widow of Agrippa yet this he did more through the importunity of his mother than for any good liking that he had of him being sorry that such an one should succeed him Not long after the first Letter of his Name that was upon the Inscription of his Statue that was set up in the Capitol fell down being struck with a flash of Lightning whereupon the Southsayers foretold that he should live only one hundred dayes after which was denoted by the Letter C. and that he should be Canonized for a God because Aesar which remained of his Name in the Hetruscan Tongue signified a God Hereupon he wrote a Catalogue of his doings which he appointed to be engraven in Tables of Brass and to be set over his Tomb. Things being thus done Caesar Augustus being now seventy six years old and odd dayes having Reigned above fifty six and being the best beloved and the best obeyed Prince in the World Death overtook him which was occasioned by a Flux which held him for some dayes and so Augustus died at Nolla in Campania in the same House and Chamber wherein his Father Octavius died being the nineteenth day of August upon which day he was first made Consul and in the fifteenth year after the birth of our Saviour Jesus Christ. He was generally lamented and there was a universal sorrow and heaviness over the whole Empire for him For he did wisely and uprightly Govern that Monarchy which he had gotten by force and fraud He was of a mean stature of a very good shape and proportion of Body of an exceeding fair face mixed with modesty and gravity His eyes were very clear and bright He was very advised in his speeches and loved to speak quick and briefly His last Will and Testament was written a year and four moneths before he died and left in the custody of the Vestal Virgins In his life time he vvas very desirous to reform abuses in Rome and in the first place he corrected some disorders in the Senate vvhom he reduced to the number of six hundred He reformed vvhat vvas amiss in their Playes and Games in the Knights and in their manner of suing for publick Offices He set Fines upon their Heads that vvould not marry and bestovved much upon those that had Wives and Children He gave unto Hortensius tvventy five thousand Crovvns to procure him to marry that he might raise up issue to that Noble Family of the Hortenses He ordained that Maids should be at least twelve years old before they married and suffered them to kill Adulterers that were taken in the fact and condemned the Sodomites without pardon He gave order that none should be put in nomination for Offices but such as were vertuous and of good repute He tied not himself to any certain hours for his meals but used to eat when he was hungry and that which he fed upon was neither dainty nor delicate and he drank little Wine Instead of a Looking-glass he used to read or write whilst his Barber was trimming him He never spake to the Senate or people or to his Souldiers but what he had first written and premeditated though he had words at command He delighted to read good Authors but gathered nothing more than sentences teaching good manners and having written them out word for word he gave Copies thereof to his familiar Friends and sent them about to the Governours of Provinces and to the Magistrates of Rome He was too much addicted to Divinations and was marvellously afraid of Thunder and Lightning Our Saviour christ being born all the Devils Oracles ceased and the Oracle of Delphos was fain to confess it and ever after remained Dumb whereupon Augustus being astonished caused a great Altar to be set up in the Capitol with an Inscription signifying that it was the altar of the God first born To prevent the great abuse of Usury which undid many Families he put into
to him But these his fair shews continued not long There was at this time at Rome a Governour for the Eastern Emperour called Paul Ephialte him Didier corrupted and the administration of Justice being in his hands he made use of him so cunningly as that in the presence of Pope Steven he caused him to seize upon two of his chief Secretaries Christopher and Sergius whom Didier accused of some pretended crimes and presently to hang them in an infamous manner Their greatest offence was because they favoured the French Neither did he rest here but caused all the principal Citizens to be banished whom he observed to be of the French faction that so having removed all hinderances he might be Master of Rome in despite of the Pope Steven was not so dull but he discovered the Lombards practice exceedingly to tend to his prejudice whereupon he sent to Charlemagne beseeching him to prepare an Army against Didiers force This Charlemagne easily assented to and fully resolved upon But Didier had provided a divertisement in France by the means of Caroloman to stop Charles his passage into Italy making work for him in Guienne where there arose a perilous War upon this occasion Though the Country of Guienne depended upon the Crown of France yet were there many Tumults raised by the practices of some Noblemen of the Country who frequently stirred up the people mutinous enough of themselves to Rebellion The cause of these Troubles was the abuse of the former Kings Clemency and Bounty who suffered such people as he conquered to enjoy their priviledges and liberties Eudon a Nobleman of Guienne began first under Martel Jeffery and Hunalt his Children and heirs of his discontent had continued it under Pepin and Jeffery being now dead Hunalt succeeded him with the like hatred which Caroloman fomented that he might imploy him against his Brother Charles Guienne was a part of Charles his portion But Hunalts design was to withdraw that Country wholly from the Crown of France and for that end he pretended a Title to the Dukedom thereof labouring to procure the people to Elect him having the promise and assistance of Caroloman to further him therein Indeed the countenance of Caroloman could do much but the wisdom and courage of Charlemagne prevailed more For being advertised of Hunalts practice and of his Brothers secret designs he armed with such speed as that he surprised the Towns of Poictiers Xante and Angoulesm and all the Country adjoyning Hunalt who had reckoned without Charles finding himself thus prevented fled to a Noble man of that Country called Loup whom he held not only to be firm to his faction but also his trusty and affectionate friend Charlemagne being informed hereof sent presently to Loup requiring him to deliver Hunalt into his hands who was guilty of high Treason and in the mean time he built a Fort in the midst of the Country where the Rivers of Dordonne and Lisle do joyn which he called Fronsac the better to secure his Country against such Invaders Loup not daring to refuse delivered up Hunalt and all his Family into the hands of Charles who pardoned Loup and all that obeyed him thus ending a dangerous War without blows And to Hunalt he granted life and liberty and the enjoyment of his goods leaving a memorable example to all Princes how to carry themselves in a Civil War preventing a mischief by prudence and diligence and not to thrust their vanquished Subjects into despair by rigour Caroloman seeing his practices against his Brother to succeed so ill undertook a journy to Rome with an intent to cause some alterations there which yet he covered with a pretence of devotion He also took his Mother Berthe along with him and in their passage they were hourably entertained by Didier King of the Lombards where Berthe treated and concluded a marriage between her Son Charlemagne and Theodora Sister or Daughter to this Didier who was one of the greatest enemies to her Sons good fortune Yet Charlemagne to please his Mother received his Wife but soon after put her away as neither suiting with his affects or affairs and so that which was intended as a cause of love bred a greater hatred betwixt these two Princes Caroloman having affected nothing at Rome answerable to his desire but only discovered his foolish and malicious jealousie too apparent under his feigned devotion returned into France and there soon after died Anno Christi 770. Leaving the intire Kingdom to his Brother who had how no Corrival Charlemagne having put away his Wife Theadora upon suspition of incontinency he married Hildegard or Ildegrade Daughter to the Duke of Sueve his Vassal by whom he had Charles Pepin and Lewis and three Daughters Rotrude Berthe and Gille who were the Nursery of his Noble Family But Carolomans jealousie died not with him but survived in his Wife Berthe who being impatient of her present condition and thrust headlong with a spirit of revenge against her Brother in Law Charles retired with her two Sons to Didier King of Lombardy as to the most bitter and irreconcilable enemy of her Brother Charles Didier intertained her and her Children very courteously hoping by them to promote his design But it proved the leaven of his own destruction His practice together with the Widows was to procure the present Pope who Steven being dead was one Adrian a Roman Gentleman to Crown and confirm the Sons of Caroloman for Kings of France wherein the Lombard had two designs First by this means to bring the Pope in disgrace with Charlemagne that he might the easilier suppress him being destitute of the French aides whereon he chiefly relyed and Secondly to set France in a flame by setting up new Kings in it Didier therefore earnestly besought the Pope to grant this favour to the Sons of Caroloman for his sake besought the Pope to grant this favour to the Sons of Caroloman for his sake But Adrian well acquainted with the Lombards humour was so resolute in denying his request as that they fell into open hatred And Didier being much displeased with this repulse took Arms and with his Forces entred into the Exarchy being a Signory under the Popes jurisdiction and besieged Ravenna the chief City of the Exarchy Whereupon the Pope sent his Nuncio to him to expostulate the cause of this so sudden War against his Subjects desiring him to restore what he had taken and not to procced in this Hostile manner without any reasonable cause and that upon the pain of Excommunication At the same time there fell out a great occasion to encrease the hatred between Charlemagne and Didier For that Hunalt who had been before vanquished in Guienne and to whom Charles had shew'd so much favour very ingratefully retired himself to Didier who did not only receive him courteously but honoured him by making him General of his Army which he had raised against the
time Pope of Rome against whom there was strange Sedition raised by Sylvester and Campul men of great credit in the Court of Rome These men with their adherents upon a solemn day of Procession seized upon Leo before St. Lawrence Church whom they stripped of his Pontifical Robes cast him unto the ground trod him under their feet and bruised his face with their fists and having dragged him ignominiously through the dirt they cast him into Prison where yet he stayed not long being freed by a Groom of his chamber called Albin and so having recovered St. Peters Church he sent to Vingise Duke of Spoleto intreating him to deliver him from this miserable Captivity Vingise failed him not but came to Rome and carried the Pope along with him to Spoleto where yet he stayed not long but from thence went to Charlemagne into France whom he found full of troubles He complained that many of the Romans sought to usurp his Power into their hands and advised the King to exact an Oath of Fidelity of them Paschalis was there soon after him and accused the Pope of Adultery and other gross crimes Charlemagne dismissed them both and promised to be at Rome within a few months and accordingly prepared for his Journey In December Anno Christi 800. Charlemagne was received in Rome with all shews of Honour and within eight dayes he went into St. Peters Church and in the presence of all the People and Clergy he asked who had any thing to say against Pope Leo Paschalis or Paschasires and Campalus had published the Popes crimes by Writ but knowing how Charlemagne stood affected towards both parties they appeared not so none prosecuting these crimes against him the Pope was absolved upon his Oath wherein he swore by God and the four Evangelists that all these things were false which they layed to his charge Whereupon the King declared him innocent and condemned his accusers and within few dayes three hundred of them were beheaded in the Lateran Field for their presumption and affectation of liberty on the eighteenth of December and shortly after Charles was chosen Emperour But before I speak of that I must represent you with a brief view of the present estate and condition of the Emperour of Constantinople The seat of the Roman Empire since the time of Constantine the great remained at Constantinople a City of Thrace situated in a convenient place for the Guard of the Eastern Provinces After which all the West being full of new Guests who had expelled the Romans the name authority and power of the Empire remained in the East where now the State was in a strange confusion the Mother being banded against her Son and the People amongst themselves Constantine the Son of Leo the Fourth was Emperour at this time who from his Infancy was governed together with the Empire by his Mother Irene But being now come to the age of twenty years he assumed the Government into his own hands There was then a great division in the East which had been continued from Father to Son for fourscore years together about bringing Images into the Churches The Bishops would needs bring them in But the Emperours together with the greatest part of the People opposed themselves against them This contention had its beginning under Philip Bardanes was continued under Leo Isaurus and from him was derived to his Son Constantine sirnamed Copronimus and to Leo the Fourth Son to the said Constantine This filled all the East with infinite scandals The same fire of contention continued in the minority of our Constantine who was yet governed by his Mother a Woman of a violent spirit who had undertaken the protection of Images and held a Counsel of many Bishops for the defence thereof But the people growing into a mutiny by force expelled them from Constantinople where there Assemhly was held But Irene being resolved to carry on her design assembled another Councel at Nicea City of Bithinia honoured for having entertained the first general Councel under Constantine the Great the first of that name where it was Decreed that Images should be placed in Churches for devotion But Charlemagne did not allow of this Decree and either himself or some other by his Command did write a small Treatise against this Councel the which bears this Title A Treatise of Charlemagne touching Images against the Greek Synode This crafty Woman made choise of the City of Nicea that the name of the ancient first Council held there might honour this new invention with the pretext of Antiquity For there are some that confound the first Council of Nicea with the second and Constantine the fourth with the first Constantine continued in the hereditary hatred of his Father and Grandfather against Images so as being of age and in absolute possession of his Empire he disannulled all these new decrees and caused the Images to be beaten down in all places Yet did he make all shews of respect to his Mother yielding unto her a good part of his authority and command which respect was the cause of an horrible Tragedy For this Woman being transported for two causes both by reason of her new opinion and for despight that she had not the whole Government in her own power grew so unnatural that she resolved to dispossess her Son of the Empire and to seize upon it herself And indeed the authority which her Son had left her and the free access which she had unto his Person gave her opportunity for the execution of her design For having corrupted such as had the chief Forces of the Empire at their command and won them to her with her Sons Treasure she seized on his Person put out his eyes and sent him into Exile where shortly after he died of grief and took possession of the Empire These unnatural and Tragick furies were practised in the East whiles that Charlemagne by his great Valour built an Empire in the West Irene in her Son Constantines life time would have married him with the eldest Daughter of Charlemagne but this accident crossed that design After the Death of Constantine Irene sent to Charlemagne to excuse her self of the murther disavowing it and laying the blame upon such as had done it as she pretended without her command And to win the good liking of Charlemagne she caused him to be dealt withall about marriage for at that time Festrude was dead with promise to consent that he should be declared Emperour of the West and that she also would resign unto him the Empire of the East But Charlemagne would not accept of her profers The Nobility and People of the Greek Empire did so hate Irene as having suffered her the space of three years in the end they resolved to dispossess her This Woman the unnatural murtheress of her own Child being thus publickly hated and detested Nicephorus a great and Noble man of Greece assisted by the
Darius his second message Rejected by Alexander Gaza besieged and taken Alexanders cruelty He goes to Jerusalem and Worships the High Priest His Vision His favour to the Jews Egypt delivered to him Zach. 14. 18. His Pride The power of the Gospel Alexandria built He passeth Euphrates And Tygris Base cowardize Darius his new Army An Eclipse frightens the Macedonians Darius his Wife died Proposals to Alexander Alexanders answer His Ambition His Valour They prepare to fight A Battel Darius beaten and flies Arbela taken and much Treasure Babylon taken Base cruelty Susa taken Gross folly Alexander beaten Barbarons cruelty Persepolis taken A foolish enterprize Alexander turns Drunkard Persepolis burnt Darius his last Army The Treason of Bessus The fidelity of the Greeks Darius Discharges his Attendants Darius made a Prisoner and abused Gods Justice Alexander pursues him Darius is wounded His last words Alexanders Ambition He goes into Hircania Divers submit to him Queen of the Amazons comes to him He affects a Deity For which he is scorned of his Friends He burns all the spoils Rebellion against him Treason against him It 's discovered to Alexander Philotas accused Alexander's dissimulation Philotas accused by the King Philotas condemned and tortured to death Alexanders cruelty Parmenio mutthered Alexander marches forward Builds a City Wants water Bessus taken Alexanders 〈◊〉 Bessus slain He is wounded He is wounded again He builds a City Menedemus slain A Rebellion Clytus slain The effect of Drunkenness Deadful storms His Ambition Calisthenes speaks against it And is tormented to Death He marches into India His Feasts to Bacchus He conquers many Countries His Proâ—ligality He sends to Porus. A Battel Porus beaten He is restored to his Kingdom His Policy He builds two Cities His Conquest He builds a City He wants food His debauchedness He punishes his Officers He visits the Sepulchre of Cyrus His cruelty Calanus burnt himself His Marriage and Feasting Harpalus slain His Army discontented He sends for Antipater Ephestion dyes Alexander dyes His Will The vanity of all earthly things The confusions after his death Gods Justice His character His love to his Mother His Ambition Flattery He degenerated after his victories His bounty His Temperance His Chastity His Parentage Education His Parts He exercises and studies His Discourse with a Philosopher His contempt of Riches His Poverty His Charity His Sobriety His Vigilance His Valour Tyrants in Thebes His prudence The Tyrants slain His Modesty He is advanced to Honour The Spartans beaten A Batâ—el The Spartans beaten Peace among the Greeks The Thebans are excepted Plataees destroyed His Wisdom His Courage His Prudence Fat men cashired His Prudence And Policy A Battel The Spartans beaten His Humility He plunders Laconia He bravos the Spartans Messina reedified Pallene destroyed Peloponnesus fortified He beats the Spartans His Clemency He is envied His prudence Heis accused and abused Pelopidas imprisoned by a Tyrant His Policy His Prudence Pelopidas released His witty Speeches Hâ—s Humility Megalopolis built The Thebans build a Navy New Wars A notable attempt Another but frustrated A Battel He is deadly wounded The Spartans beaten His advice to the Thebans His Death His Character His Poverty Herods Pedegree Herod is made Governour of Galilee He puts Esekias to death He is cted before the Sanhedrim Appears with his Guard Sameas his boldness A prediction Herod slyes Refused to appear when again cited Is made Governour of Calosyria Is confirmed in it Antipater poysoned Herod goes to Jerusalem He is excited to revenge his Fathers death Malichus slain A sedition at Jerusalem Herod's valour His Policy He overcomes Antigonus Herod accused to Anthony But acquitted War between Antigonus and Herod Herod prevails The Parthians falshhood Herod flies from Jerusalem He would have killed himself Jerusalem plundered Anigonuâ— made King of the Jews Cuts off Hyrcanus ears Phasaelus kills himself Herod flies to Melchus King of Arabia Is rejected by him Herod goes in to Egypt From thence into Italy He comes to Rhodes So into Italy Anthony favours him And Caesar. The Senate make him King Herods Family besieged A special providence He returns homeward Herods Kingdom enlarged Herod relieves Silo. He takes Joppa Besieges Jerusalem Herod takes Jericho His activity He pursues the Thieves Subdues Galile Alexandrium rebuilt Ptolomy slain Herod beats the Thieves Machaeras his cruelty Herod goes to Anthony Joseph is slain Herod overcomes his enemies A special providence Herod beats his enemies A special providence Pappus slain Herod besieges Jerusalem Marries Mariamne Herods great Army The Jews fight valiantly A Famine in Jerusalem Jerusalem taken by Herod Cruelty Antigonus imprisoned Herod sayes the City Rewards the Romans Herods cruelty Who were spectators of it Anthony slew Antigonus Hyrcanus honoured in Babylon Herods subtilty Hananeel made High-Priest Alexandra takes it ill Anthony sends for Aristobulus Aristobulus made High-Priest Alexandra confined She complains to Cleopatra She is surprized by Herod Aristobulus highly honoured He is drowned Herods subtilty Alexandra complains to Cleopatra Herod questioned by Anthony But cleared by his Bribes Herods return Ioseph put to death Gardens of Balsom Herod prepares to assist Anthony A great Earthquake Herod overcomes the Arabians Alexandra's restlesness Herod goes to Caesar. His cruel command Caesar honours him His Wife and Mother are full of discontents Herods bounty to Caesar and his Army Herod is jealous of his Wife He meets Caesar Caesar enlarges his Government Herods suspicions of his Wife are enencreased Mariamne condemned to death Her Mothers Hypocrisie Mariamnes Death Herods excessive grief for her A great Plague follows Herods Melancholy and sickness Alexandra's Treason and Death Herod grows cruel Salome leaves her Husband and comes to Herod Herods cruelty He instituted Games to the discontent of the Jews A conspiracy against Herod The Conspirators are put to Death Herods cruelty He fortified Samaria and built a Temple there He built several Castles Plague and Famine Herods care to provide for the People His bounty to strangers He sends aid to Caesar He built himself a Pallace He makes a new High Priest and marries Mariamne He built another Pallace And Sebaste and a stately Haven He sent his Sons to Caesar. Caesar enlarged his Kingdom He represented the Thieves He went to Agrippa 〈…〉 Caesar still enlarged his Dominions Herod builâ— a Temple and eased his Subjects His jealousies He rebuilt the Temple at Jerusalem Nine years it was in building He goes into Italy His bounty Herods Sons married Herod entertains Agrippa Herods great bounty His love to Agrippa Agrippa's love to him Herods favour to the Jews in Jonia Herod ingratiates himself with the Jews He is incensed against his Sons He visits Agrippa Antipaters subtility Herod accuseth his Sons Caesars favours to Herod Thieves subdued Herod returns with his Sons Agrippa born Herods great bnildings He robs Davids Sepulchre Antipaters sâ—btilty Alexander reconciled to his Father Herod goes again to Rome He returns and dedicates the Temple Thieves do much mischief Herod destroys thâ— Thieves Caesar
incensed agaâ—â—st him Herod falls out with his Sons and imprisons them Caesar is reconciled to Herod An Angel appears to Zachary Herod procures his Sons to be condemned Herods cruelty Herods Sons strangled Antipaters Treason Of the Pharisees Herod slew some of them Herod sends his Son to Caesar. The Angel appears to Mary Herod banished his Brother John Baptist is born Pheroras dieth Antipaters ' Treason Antipaters Craft Christ is born Joseph flyes into Egypt Herod kills the children Herod ensnarers his Son Antipaters return Antipater accused by his Father Herods sickness The Golden Eagle hewn down Herod puts them to death His sickness encreaseth All means of cure fall him His cruelty He attempts to murther himself Antipater slain Herods Will His Death Hannibal chosen General He besieges and takes many Towns His Valour and Policy His Victory He besieges Saguntum Saguntum taken Roman Ambassadors sent to Carthage The Carthaginians answer War denounced by the Romans Hannibal prepares for Italy He Conquers much of Spain His passage through France He is opposed His Victory in France Some Gauls incourage him He passeth the Alps. The Gauls rise against the Romans They besiege Modena The Romans send an Army into Spain Hannibals losses in his march Hannibal prepares to fight A Battel The Romans beaten The Gauls forsake the Romans Hannibal beats the Consul He wins Clastidium Hannibals Forrages beaten Another Battel The Romans beaten Hannibals Policy Treacheries against him His dangerous march The Romans beaten again The Romans beaten Great fear at Rome A Dictator chosen Fabius his watiness Hannibals Policy Fabius his Wisdom Hannibals Stratagem Hannibals Forragers beaten Minutius made equal with Fabius A Battel The Romans beaten Cannae Castle taken Varro makes hast to fighâ— They prepare to fight The great Battel at Cannae Hannibals Policy The Romans beaten Many Towns intertain Hannibal Capua intertains him The Romans mourn Their Superstition A Dictator chosen Hannibal beaten Acerrae taken by Hannibal Cassiline besieged Mago sent to Carthage Large supplies promised to Hannibal Divers Cities taken The promised supplies come not Gracchus his Prudence The Capuans beaten Cumâ— besieed The Siege raised Hannibal delaies A Battel The Cartbaginians beaten The Romans poverty how supplied Cassiline taken by the Romans Arpi taken by the Romans The Romans beaten Tarentum taken by Hannibal The Carthaginians beaten Capua besieged by the Consuls The Siege raised by Hannibal The Romans beaten Another Victory Capua besieged again Hannibal comes to relieve them Hannibal intends for Rome and leaves it Capuâ— taken The Consuls cruelty The publick wants supplied Salapia yielded to Marcellus The Romans beaten A Battel A Battel The Romans beaten Tarentum taken The Romans beaten Loory besieged The Romans beaten The Consuls slain The Romans beaten Great fear at Rome Asdrubal comes into Italy A Battel Asdrubal slain Hannibal retires into Brusia His Prudence Scipio comes from Spain Is chosen Consul He goes into Sicily Sends into Africk And goes himself Utica besieged The Carthaginians beaten And a second time They sue for Peace They dealt deceltfully Hannibal leaves Italy Comes into Africk An interview of the Generals Hannibals Speech to Scipio replies They prepare to fight A Battel Hannibal beaten He flies to Carthage and perswades them to seek Peace His Civil imployment He is complained of to the Romans He flies from Carthage to Tyre He goes to Antiochus His counsel neglected He flies to Prusias Who betrays him His last Speech He Poysons himself His Parentage His towardliness His abstinence His courage and prudence He is accuised And cleered His marriage Cinna slain Carbo succeeds And Sylla Pompey raised an Army He goes towards Sylla His danger by the way His Victories He meets Sylla Sylla honours him His Modesty His acts in Gaul His second marriage Tyrannical proceedings He is sent into Sicily And conquerâ— it His cruelty His Prudence He passes into Africk His great Victories there He is commanded to disband his Army His Souldiers love to him His return into Italy Sylla honours him His first Triumph Sylla enviâ—â— him The People love him Sylla's Death Pompeys Wars with Lepidus He goes into Spain His Wars there His Victory His Prudence His return into Italy His Victory over the Fencers His favour with the People His Humility His Pride The power of the Pirats Pompey sent against them His large Commssion His Policy His Victories over the Pirats He comes privately to Rome His return to his Navy His Clemency and Wisdom His Envy His Commission much enlarged His Dissimulation His Pride He crosses Lucullus His Wars with Methridates He buildâ— a City Methridates flight Base flattery His War with the Albanians And Illyrians His Valour Serpents drive him back His Chastity His self-denyal His Ambition His Charity His acts in Syria and Judaea Pompey's acts in Judaea He comes to Jericho He marches to Jerusalem The Temple besieged The Temple taken The Jews slain Note the time when the Temple was taken Hyrcanus made Prince and Priest Methridates Death His Policy His Liberality He returns in to Italy He divorceth his Wife He disbandâ— his Army The People honour him He seeks to win Catio His second Triumph Cicero leaves Rome Caesars Policy He flatters the People Pompey marries Caesars Daughter He dotes on his young Wife Pompey disgraced Cicero recalled Pompey sent for Corn. Note Caesar comes privately to Rome He bribes the Officers Pompey chosen Consul Provinces divided Pompey's Theater dedicated Julia dieth Pompcy and Caesar quarrel Pompey made Consul He marries Cornelia His justice And injustice He sends to Caesar for his two Legions His sickness and recovery The People honour him Pompey's Pride Note The miseries of War Pompey made General against Caesar. The fruits of division Wars between Pompey and Caesar Caesar passes Rubicon Pompey reproached The confusion in Italy Pompey leaves Rome Caesar enters Rome Pompey at Brundusium He leaves Italy Caesar pursues him Pompey's Power by Sea His industry and activity Many came to him Caesars curtesie and mildness Caesar wants Victuals Caesar beaten Imprudence Folly Caesars great Victories Prodigieâ— The Battel of Pharsalia Valour Pompey beaten He flies Vanity of all earthly enjoyments Humillity Pompey goes to his Wife Their Speeches each to other He reasons about Providence Pompey flies into Egypt He sâ—â—ds to King Ptolomy A Councel about Pompey Base treachery and ingratitude Pompey takes his leave of his Wife and Son Pompey is slain The Murtherers justly punished His Burial Caesars Parentage His danger by Sylla His flight He is taken by Pirates His boldness He is delivered He crucifies the Pirates His return to Rome He grows popular And is feared His preferment His ambition He is made High Priest His Moderation He puts away his Wife His ambition His Victories in Spain His Prudence His Subtilty He is chosen Consul He Marries his Daughter to Pompey He is sent into Gaul He betrays Cicero His Valour and great successes His Souldiers Valour His Temperance His activity He overcomes the Swissers And the Germans And