usurping King there after King Edwards death was by the unanimous consent of the Peerage of England Crowned King Now when King William the Conqueror's youngest Son Henry upon the death of his elder Brother William the Second who had succeeded his Father in the Kingdom came to the Crown which was An 1087. He married Matilda or Maud Daughter of Malcolm the Third King of Scotland by Margaret the Sister of Edgar Atheling right Heir of Edward the Confessor as being descended from King Edmund Ironside half Brother to King Edward the Confessor by their common Father King Ethelred and Grandfather to the abovenamed Edgar Atheling and Margaret And the said King Henry the First had by his Wife Matilda or Maud a Son who was cast away at Sea and a Daughter named Maud also the only Legitimate Issue that survived him born An. 1104. She was married first to the Emperour Henry the Fourth who had no Issue by her and after his death to Geoffry Plantagenet Earl of Anjou by whom she had a Son nam'd Henry the Second Now King Henry the First his Son being dead seeing this Daughter his only Legitimate Issue call'd a Parliament An. 1133. in which all the Lords of the Land took an Oath to be true to his Daughter Maud the Empress and her Heirs and acknowledge them as right Inheritors of the Crown And tho Stephen Earl of Bologne and Montagne Son of Stephen Earl of Blois by Adela third Daughter of the Conquerour was set up to the Crown by the working of Henry his Brother Bishop of Winchester after the death of King Henry the First against the undoubted right of the said Empress yet at length seeing his Children dead before him he secur'd the Succession to her Son Henry the Second who was Crown'd An. 1155. And from this Henry the Second in whom the Saxon Line was restored is Descended James the Second of the Royal House of the Stuarts late King of Great Britain France and Ireland c. who was born Oct. 14. 1633. His Majesty Espoused for his first Wife the Lady Ann Daughter to the late Edward Earl of Clarendon Lord Chancellor of England c. She died before he came to the Crown and brought him Issue four Sons and four Daughters but all dying young except two surviving Daughters The eldest is the Lady Mary born Apr. 30. 1662. and was married to William Henry Prince of Orange in London at S. James's Nov. 14. 1677. The said Prince being born on the 14. of the same month New Stile 1650 and restor'd to his Hereditary Dignity in the United Provinces An. 1672. concerning whom I shall say more beneath The second is the Lady Ann born Feb. 6 1664. And July 28. 1683. was Espoused to George Prince of Denmark only Brother to the present King of that Kingdom he was born An. 1653. or 1. he has had Issue by his Princess 1. William Duke of Gloucester born in July 1689. and three Children more viz. the Lady Mary the Lady Ann and another Princess who died in their Infancy His Majesty Nov. 21. 1673. took for his second Wife the Lady Mary-Eleanor-Beatrix D'Este late Queen of England still living who was born Sept. 25. 1658. being youngest Sister to Francisco D'Este the present Duke of Modena and Regio c. She was Crowned with his Majesty April 23. 1685. And his Majesty has had by her two Daughters and a Son who all died young before the year 1688. And as some say he has had a Son and a Daughter by her since still living Their Majesties reside at present at S. Germains in France and profess the Roman Religion His Majesty has Natural Issue by Madam Churchil two Sons and two Daughters all living in France The Sons go by the name of Fitz-James The eldest is Duke of Berwick the youngest is stiled Grand Prior of Ireland The eldest Daughter was married to the late Lord Waldegrave by whom he has Issue two Sons The other Daughter is unmarried Now as for William Henry of Nassaw Prince of Orange and now stiled William the Third King of Great Britain c. who married the Lady Mary eldest Daughter to King James as above They were Proclaim'd King and Queen of England France and Ireland the Executive Power in him Feb. 14. 1689. Proclaim'd King and Queen of Scotland April 11. of the same year His Majesty has as yet no Issue by his Queen Now as to the Rise of the House of Nassaw and Orange as it concerns King William I shall not seek to retrieve its Original but its certain it flourisht in the ninth Century and I shall only take notice that from Walram and Otto Sons of Henry surnam'd the Rich Earl of Nassau sprang two Capital Lines viz. that of Idstein afterwards call'd Sarepont from Walram and that of Dillenburg which now enjoys the Principality from Otto and therefore we shall confine ourselves singly to this Now John the Third who was the eighth of his Family Lineally descended from the said Otto inclusively had two Sons viz. Henry and William the Elder Henry was born An. 148â— and from him the Principality of Orange Descended to King William As for William the Elder Brother to Henry he had a Son call'd John who dwelt in the Castle of Dillenburg and had twenty five Children of whom I shall note only four viz. John George Ernestus-Casimire and John-Lewis for from them sprang the several Lines of Siegen Dillenburg Diezen and Hademar on each of which the Emperour Ferdinand the Third in the Diet of Ratisbone March 3. 1654. conferr'd the honour of having a Voice and Seat among the Princes of the Empire As for a farther Genealogical account of these Families it may be had elsewhere To the Royal Family of England I must add Donna Catharina Infanta of Portugal Queen Dowager of England born at Villa Vicosa in Portugal Nov. 14. Old Stile An. 1638. and Espoused at Portsmouth by his late Majesty King Charles the Second in the month of May An. 1662. She being only Sister to Don Pedro of the House of Braganza the present King of that Kingdom She resides at present at Lisbon in Portugal Her original Jointure some settled by King Charles was 40000 l. per annum to which considerable additions have been since made Their Majesties have two Uncles living in England viz. the Earls of Clarendon and Rochester The Princes and Princesses of the Blood Royal of England that are not excluded from the Succession of the Crown by the late Act of Parliament I. PRincess Ann of Denmark afore mention'd II. The Duke of Glocester of whom also see before III. Sophia Duchess of Hanover Daughter to Frederick the Fifth Elector and King of Bohemia Married to the Duke An. 1658. Her Children 1. George-Lewis born May 28. 1660. Who Nov. 1. 1682. Married Sophia-Dorothea only Daughter to the Duke of Zel by whom he has 1. George-Augustus born Oct. 30. 1683. 2. William-Ernestus born An. 1685. 2. Christian born Sept.
present Elector after the Decease of Charles Elector Palatine which happened ann 1685 became possessed of the Electorate by virtue of the Instrument of Peace at Osnabrug but since was thrown out by the French King anno 1688 and tho he had recovered many places in it ann 1689 by the assistance of the Confederates yet he continued at Neuburg Of the Family of Brunswick and Lunenburg from which the new made Elector of Hanover is descended THE Family of Brunswick and Lunenburg for its great Antiquity seems to bear the Bell in a manner from all the rest It owes its original to the ancient Welffs of whom see in Spencer's Sylloge Genealogica Henry the Lion descended from these Duke of Bavaria and Saxony and Successor to his Father ann 1139 may be properly looked upon as the common Father of all the Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg tho falling into disgrace with the Emperor Barbarossa he was proscribed and so lost all his Dominions except the Districts of Brunswick and Lunenburg he married Maud Daughter of Henry the Second King of England and had by her three Sons and two Daughters Otho their youngest Son born ann 1204 the other Brothers dying without Issue-male was created the first Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg by the Emperor Frederick the Second From him the present Dukes of Brunswick and Lunenburg are descended for Ernestus the Seventh Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburg who died anno 1546 left among other Children two Sons Augustus and William of whom the first was Author of the new Line of Brunswick Wolfembuttel whose Sons Rudolphus Augustus and Antonius Ulricus now live together in joint Authority and the other viz. William being Author of the Line of Brunswick-Lunenburg-Hanover whose Grandson Ernestus-Augustus Bishop of Osenburg is now Duke of Brunswick Lunenburg-Hanover He was born Novemb 10. 1629 and ann 1658 he married the Lady Sophia Daughter to Frederick the Fifth Elector Palatine and King of Bohemia born Oct. 13. 1630. This Duke is lately made a new Elector of the Empire There Children are I. Georgius-Ludovicus Prince Hereditary born May 28. 1660 and on Nov. 21. 1682 he married his Cousin German Sophia Dorothea only Daughter of his late Uncle George-William Duke of Zell she was born Sept. 15. 1666. He has Issue by her 1. Georgius-Augustus born Oct. 30. 1683. 2. Gulielmus-Ernestus born 1685. 2. Fredericus-Augustus born Octob. 3. 1661 who died in Hungary 1689. 3. Maximilianus-Gulielmus born Dec. 14. 1666. He died in the Morea 4. Sophia Charlotta born Octob. 20. 1668 and married to Frederick the Third the present Elector of Brandenburg Oct. 6. 1684 by whom she has one Prince alive named Fredericus Gulielmus born Aug. 4. 1688. 5. Carolus-Philippus born Oct. 13. or 23. 1669. he died in Hungary ann 1690. 6. Christianus born Sept. 29. 1671. 7 Ernestus Augustus born Sept. 17. 1674. There are other Princes in Germany of the Houses of Hesse Meckleburg Wirtenburg Baden Anhalt Saxon-Lawenburg c but I give an account only of the Electoral Houses omitting the rest FRANCE 1. HUGH the Great Duke of France Burgundy and Aquitain Marquess of Orleans and Earl of Paris died in the year 956. His eldest Son Hugh Capet upon the Death of Lewis the Slothful last King of France of the Race of Charlemagne was by the unanimous consent of the Peers of France inaugurated King of that Kingdom ann 987 from whom is descended Lewis the Fourteenth the present King of that Kingdom born at St. Germains Sept. 5. new style 1638. Of the several Branches of the Line of Hugh Capet he is descended in a direct Line from Robert Count of Clermont and Lord of Bourbon youngest Son of Lewis the Ninth who died of the Plague at the Siege of Tunis ann 1270. The Surname of Bourbon is derived to the present French King from the said Robert King Henry the Fourth his Grandfather being the first King of France of the said Surname who having first professed himself of the Roman Religion whereas before he had been a Protestant was crown'd King of France ann 1594. The present King succeeded his Father ann 1642 or 3 and Sept. 7. 1651. he was declared Major for by a Sanction put forth by King Charles the Fifth surnamed the Wise who came to the Crown of France ann 1364 the eldest Sons of France were for the future to be declared of Age at fourteen years old and fit to be crown'd and govern he was crown'd at Rheims by the Archbishop of that See Jun. 7. 1654 and Jun. 9. 1660 he was married at St. John de Luz to Maria-Teresa Daughter to Philip the Fourth King of Spain by his first Wife the Princess Elizabeth Daughter to Henry the Fourth King of France She died July 30. 1683 by whom the King has only one Son now living namely Lewis the Fifteenth surnam'd the Hardy the present Dolphin born Nov. 1. 1661 and March 7. 1680 was married to the Electoral Princess of Bavaria Maria-Anna Victoria-Christina Daughter to Ferdinandus-Maria the late Elector of Bavaria The Contract was signed at Munic Dec. 30. 1679. She since died ann 1690. The Dolphin has Issue by her three Sons viz. 1. Lewis Duke of Burgundy born at Versailles Aug. 6. at twenty minutes past ten of the Clock in the Evening ann 1682. 2. Philip Duke of Anjou born Nov. 9. 1683. 3. Gaston Duke of Berry born Aug. 31. 1686. Concerning the Dolphin note that he is so called because Humbert the Second Earl of Dolphiné descended of the Blood Royal of France seeing himself destitute of Issue made over the Province of Dolphiné an 1358 to Philip de Valois the then King of France for forty thousand Florins and on condition that for the future the eldest Son of France should still be styl'd The Dolphin And Charles the Fifth above-mentioned surnamed The Wise who came to the Crown of France ann 1364 was the First who in his Father's Life-time was styled The Dolphin Now besides the Dolphin the present King of France has several natural Children viz. 1. Maria Anna de Bourbon born ann 1666 and married anno 1680 to Lewis de Bourbon Prince de Conti. 2. Lewis de Bourbon Duke of Vermandois born ann 1667 supreme Intendant of the Marine He died ann 1683. These two were born him by Aolisia-Frances de la Beaume la Blanche de la Valiere Duchess of Vaujour and Peeress of France Daughter to Lawrence de la Valiere She is now a Carmelite Nun by the name of Sister Aloisia de Misericordiâ 3. Ludovicus-Augustus de Bourbon Duke of Maine born ann 1670 and made legitimate three years after viz. 1673. 4. Ludovicus-Caesar de Bourbon Count of Vexin born ann 1672. He died 1683. 5. Aloisia-Frances de Bourbon Mademoiselle de Nantes born An. 1673. and married An. 1685. to Lewis Duke of Bourbon 6. Aloisia-Maria-Anna deceased An. 1681. 7. Ludovicus Alexander de Bourbon Count of Toulouse born An. 1678. Legitimated An. 1681 Intendant of the Marine 8. Frances-Maria de Bourbon Mademoiselle
or Cities thence equally distant or to any one of twenty six Towns to Dinner and come home to Bed King Williams Pallace at Houstlardike built by Frederick-Henry of Nassau is esteem'd the most beautiful and stately of the seventeen Provinces IV. The Publick Revenues of the Netherlands coming all out of the Subjects Purses are computed to be seven millions of pounds Sterling In a Book Compos'd by a Dutchman Entituled The Depths of Spain the City of Amsterdam is said to have daily above fifty thousand Livers of Rent in Customs Assizes and Imposts The House of Denmark 1. THE Danes have had their peculiar Kings for many Ages past whom Historians generally distinguish by eight Periods The seventh of these Periods was that of the Suenonidae or English Danes so call'd from Sueno or Swaine Ethrick This Family ended An. 1448 upon the death of the last of them without Issue And the Danes elected Adolph Earl of Holstein for their King but he modestly declin'd it and earnestly recommended to their Choice Christian Count Oldenburg his Sisters Son who was thereupon elected and Crown'd King by the unanimous consent of all the Nobility As for the Original of the Family of Oldenburg it s too far buried in Antiquity for Historians to clear it however they say that toward the end of the tenth Century one Otho was Earl of Oldenburg who had a certain wonderful Horn given him by a Spirit or Apparition which is to be seen to this day in the Castle of Oldenburg Of this Family the present King of Denmark is descended tho the Monarchy continued Elective till the time of his Father Frederick the Third who was elected King of Denmark and Norway An. 1648. in whose Reign the Constitution of the Government was altered and the Monarchy was made Hereditary Christian the Fifth of the House of Oldenburg present King of Denmark Norway the Vandals Goths c. was born Apr. 18. 1646. Own'd Heir of the Crown of Denmark Jun. 12. 1650. ascended the Throne after the death of his Father which happened Feb. 19. 1670. Crown'd at Fredericksburg June 17. 1671. He espous'd May 18. 1667. Charlotta-Amalia Daughter to William the Sixth Landtgrave of Hesse she having been born Apr. 27. 1650. He has Issue by her living 1. Frederick born Oct. 21. 1671. 2. Christian born Oct. 18. or March 25. 1675. 3. Sophia-Hedewig born Aug. 28. 1677. 4. Christiana-Charlotta born Jan. 18. or 28. 1674. 5. Charles born Oct. 25. 1680. or 82. 6. William born 1684. The King of Denmark has but one Brother viz. Prince George of whom see in England His Sisters are as follows 1. Anna-Sophia married to the Elector of Saxony of whom see in Saxony 2. Frederica Amalia born 1648. and married An. 1667. to Christian-Albert Duke of Sleswick or Gottorp who was born Feb. 3. 1641. 3. Wilhelmina-Ernestina born 1650. the now Relict of Charles late Elector Palatine 4. Ulrica-Eleanora born 1656 and married to Charles the Eleventh the present King of Sueden May 16. 1680. Note That King Frederick the Third beside these Children left a Natural Son Ubrick-Frederick Count of Guldenlow the now Governour of Norway who by a certain Noble Lady is Father of Woldemar Baron of Lowenthal a Colonel in the Danish Forces Afterwards he took to Wife Antonia-Augusta Daughter to Anthony Count Oldenburg An. 1677. by whom he has many Children and among the rest Fredericus-Christianus The present King of Denmark has also several Natural Children by the Countess of Samsee To give an account of the chief Princes of the several Branches of the Royal House of Denmark you must note that they are divided into two Capital Lines viz. The Dukal Line of Holstein and the Dukal Line of Sleswick or Gottorp As for the Ducal Line of Holstein John Brother to Frederick the Second King of Denmark and Son to King Christian the Third who came to the Crown ann 1537 was the first Progenitor of it who being twice married became the Father of a numerous Issue which spread it self into the four Branches of Sunderburg Norburg Glucksburg and Ploen The present Duke of Holstein in Sunderburg is Christian Adolph born ann 1641 and now lives at Frantzhagen in Sax-Lawenburg which was his Wive's Portion together with his Son Prince Leopold Christian born 1678. There are of this Branch besides seventeen Princes alive The present Duke of Norburg is Christian-Augustus born 1639. The present Duke of Glucksburg is Christianus born 1627 who lives in the Castle of Glucksburg with his three Sons Philip-Ernestus born 1673. Joachim-Adolph born 1679 and Christian-Augustus born 1681. The present Duke of Ploen is Joannes Adolphus born 1634 and married ann 1674 to Dorothea Sophia eldest Daughter to Rudolphus-Augustus Duke of Wolfembuttel who was born Jan. 28. 1653. He has Issue by her two Sons living viz. Adolphus-Augustus born 1680 and Joannes-Ulricus born 1684. His youngest Brother Joachimus Ernestus born 1637 is General of the Spanish Horse in the Netherlands As for the Ducal Line of Sleswick or Gottorp the Author of it was Adolphus youngest Son to King Frederick the First born ann 1526. The present Duke is Christian-Albert born Feb. 3. 1641 and married 1667 to Frederica Amalia second Sister to the present King of Denmark who was born 1648 He has Issue by her 1. Sophia-Amalia born 1670. 2. Frederick born 1671. 3. Christianus-Augustus born 1673. 4. Maria-Elizabetha born 1678. II. The Shield of the Kings of Denmark is charged with many Marks of Possessions Pretensions and Alliances He bears party of three and Coupé of two which make twelve Quarters In the first Or Semé of Hearts Gules with three Lions passant-guardant placed one over the other Azure crowned langued and arm'd of the first which belongs to Denmark 2. Gules a Lion Rampant crowned and armed Or holding a Battle-Ax Argent hilted of the second for the Kingdom of Norway 3. Gules a Lion passant-guardant Or on nine Hearts of the same in Fesse for Gothland 4. Gules a Dragon crown'd Or for Schonen 5. Azure three Crowns Or for Sweden 6. Gules a Paschal Lamb Argent supporting a little Flag of the same marked with a Cross Gules for Gutland 7. Or two Lions passant-guardant Azure for Sleswick 8. Gules a Fish crown'd Argent for Iceland On these eight Quarters is a great Cross Argent which is the ancient Devise of the Kingdom since the Conversion of these People to the Faith of Christ On the Center of this Cross are placed the Arms of Dithmarsh which are Gules a Cavalier arm'd Argent In the ninth great Quarter Gules a Nettle Leaf spread at breadth and charged in the midst with a little Escutcheon the whole Argent for Holstein 10. Gules a Swan Argent gorged with a Crown Or for Stormaria 11. Gules two Fesses Or for Delmenhorst 12. Gules a Cross Pattee and Argent and Fitchee at the Foot for Oldenburg This Shield is environed with a Collar of the Order of the Elephant and bears for Crest a Crown flowered raised
them have a thousand or eight hundred Families the People being dispersed in Forests and other places where they have store of Timber to build them Houses and store of Pasturage for their Cattle which is the reason they have not so many great Towns nor so well inhabited as usual in far lesser Countries IV. The Revenues are very great they arising first from Church Lands taken to the Crown Secondly from Mines Thirdly from the Tenths of all Increase as Wheat Rye Barley Fish Oxen and the like Commodities Fourthly from Customs imposed on Merchandises paid in all Haven-Towns for all Commodities imported and exported He has also Contributions and Power of imposing Tax in time of War as occasion may require The House of Portugal I. TOward the latter end of the eleventh Century Alphonso the Sixth King of Castile had very frequent and bloody Wars with the Moors in which a certain Prince named Henry descended as some say from the House of Burgundy as others from that of Lorain was chiefly signalized for his Valour and good Services to the Crown King Alphonso in reward of this Merit gave him Portugal then lately recovered from the Moors under the Title of an Earldom together with his Daughter Teresa to Wife yet with this condition that he should continue a Vassal to Castile This Prince's Son was Alphonso the First who throwing off the Spanish Yoke and having subdued several petty Kings of the Moors caused himself to be proclaimed King of Portugal in the year 1139. His great Grandson Alphonso the Third King of Portugal had Algarve given him in Dowry with his Queen the Princess Beatrix Daughter of Alphonso the Tenth King of Castile whence the eldest Son of Portugal is always called Prince of Algarve Of this Family the present King of Portugal is descended Indeed Philip the Second King of Spain on some pretences made himself Master of the Kingdom of Portugal by Force of Arms ann 1580 but 't was again lost by his Grandson ann 1640 for the Portuguese actually rejecting the Spanish Yoke elected John Duke of Braganza descended as above to be their King in whose Line the Kingdom continues What particularly contributed to the Renunciation the Portuguese made to the King of Spain ann 1640 was the permission that King gave to others beside themselves to trade to the East Indies and the Tax he imposed of the fifth peny on all their Merchandizes and other Revenues It s remarkable that the Deliberation of shaking off the Spanish Yoak was kept private above a year betwixt two hundred persons Don Pedro of the House of Braganza King of Portugal and Algarve was born 1648. His elder Brother Don Alphonso the Sixth King of Portugal c. ann 1667 married the Lady Mary-Frances Elizabeth or Isabella Daughter to Charles Amadeus of Savoy Duke of Nemours She was born June the Twenty first 1648. and after sixteen months living with Don Alphonso she obtained a Declaration of Nullity of her Marriage with him retired to a Cloister And ann 1669 Don Alphonso was deposed as judged incapable either of a second Marriage or of the Government and sent the year following to the Tercera Island where he died in the year 1683. Now the present King upon his Brother Alphonso's being deposed was presently declared Prince Regent and after his death King of Portugal and by a Dipensation from the Pope married his Sister-in-Law abovementioned The Cardinal Deacon Louis de Vendôme in quality of universal Legat à Latere gave them the Dispensation under Pope Clement the Ninth Abbot Bon-Filz the Secretary to the Legation has set forth the particulars and the Conferences he had with his Holiness at the end of the Transaction The King had by this Queen a Daughter named Mary Elizabeth who was born ann 1669 and died ann 1690. And the Queen her self dying Dec. 27. 1683. the King ann 1687 took to Wife the Lady Mary-Sophia-Elizabeth Daughter of Philip-William Elector Palatine who was born Aug. 6. 1666 and Aug. 30. 1688 was brought to Bed of a young Prince who died Sept. 3. in the same year And in Octob. 1689 she was brought to Bed of another Prince named John Prince of Bresil The King of Portugal has but one Sister living viz. Donna-Catharina the Queen Dowager of England concerning whom see in the Head of England II. He bears Argent five Escutcheons Azure placed Cross-wise each charged with as many Besants of the first placed in Saltier and pointed Sable for Portugal The Shield bordered Gules charged with seven Towers Or three in Chief and two in each Flanch The Crest is a Crown Or which is the Crest of Portugal Under the two Flanches and the Base of the Shield appear the Ends of two Crosses the first Flower de luc'd Verte which is for the Order of Avis The second Pattee Gules which is for the Order of Christ The five Escutcheons were born in memory of five Kings whom Alphonso the first King slew at the Battel of Obrique ann 1139. The Border with the Towers or Castles were added by Alphonso the Third on his Investiture into the Kingdom of Algarve by Alphonso the Tenth of Castile ann 1257 whose Daughter Beatrix he then married and so conceived himself to have some Relation to the Arms of that Kingdom This King's Livery is of a Green Colour He professes the Roman Religion and uses the Portuguese Language which is a Dialect of the Spanish III. Lisbon seated on the River Tagus is the Capital City of the Kingdom and the place where his Majesty keeps his Court. It s seven miles in compass and contains above thirty Parishes and above thirty thousand Houses The Portuguese have this Proverb He that has not seen Lisbon has not seen a fine thing The Buildings are neat and elegant and there are seventy six Turrets or Towers on the City Wall and twenty two Gates towards the Sea shore c. It s the Staple for the Commodities for all the Kingdom and thought to be worth more than the whole Realm besides and doubtless the Revenues which accrue to the King from hence and from his Foreign Plantations are very considerable ITALY The Papacy I. INnocent the Twelfth the present Pope was born at Naples in March ann 1615 elected Pope July 12. ann 1671 he is Son to Prince Minerbino of the Family of Pignato the chief whereof is the Duke of Terra Nova a Grandee of Spain II. Having not the particular Arms of the present Popes Family by me I can here only say that the Popes for a Crest to their Gentilitial Arms are wont to put the Arms of the Popedom which are as follow The Papal Escutcheon is Gules and consists of a long Cap or Head-piece Or surmounted with a Cross pearled and garnished with three Royal Crowns with the two Keys of S. Peter placed in Saltier Boniface the Eighth was the first that wore the Tiara with a double Crown and Urban the Fifth made it in the Form of a Cap adorned with
they assemble separately the Catholicks take for the place of their Congress Lucern and the Protestants Arau on the River Aur. All the Cantons are as many Republicks which are Govern'd by their Burgomasters or Avoiers their Government being Democratical The Cantons which have no Towns call their Magistrates Landanes instead of Burgomasters The Switzers have several Towns and States confederate with them viz. The Abbot and Town of S. Gal. Four Bishops viz. of Sion Basil Constance and Croired The Towns of Neuchatel Valengen Nuenberg Biel Geneva Mulhausen in Alsatia Rotwel in Suabia beyond the Danube They have also many Prefectures that is such little Parcels and Additaments as have accrued to their State and are subject to their Authority either by Gift Purchase or Chance of War The Principal Prefecture is the Town of Baden taking its name from the Baths there and is the place of meeting for the Councel of State of all the Confederates The Grizons also are Confederate with the Switzers and of those there are three Divisions I. The Grey League so call'd because the Inhabitants wear a Grey Scarf 2. The League of the House of God so call'd because it was the proper Patrimony of the Bishop and Church of Chur. 3. The League of the Ten Commonalties All these Confederates are able on occasion readily to set forth an Army of sixty thousand Men. The Republick of Geneva I. THIS Republick professes Calvinism An. 1679. Mass was said in the City of Geneva with leave at the House of Sieur Chauvigny the French Kings Resident there which had not been done since the year 1535. That Calvinism was there Establisht by a Decree of the Senate II. Geneva gives for Arms Party Or and Gules the fiâ—st has a demy Eagle display'd Sable the second a Key Argent with this devise Post Tenebras Lux. The Romanists say the words are misplac'd and that it ought to be Post Lucem tenebra III. The City of Geneva is situate on the Lake Lemanus the River Rhone passing thro the lower part of it The buildings are fair and of Freestone the Compass of the whole City being about two Miles in which there are suppos'd to be about 16 or 17000 souls Munster calls it Mirae voluptatis Urbem It s allied with the Protestant Cantons of Switzerland and in two or three hours it advertises all the Canton of Bern to come to its succour with 50 or 60000 Men who may come on the Lake a day after the Signal which consists in lighted Torches set from Tower to Tower It s Govern'd by twenty five Senators who follow the written Law Beside this Councel of twenty five they have one of sixty and another of two hundred POLAND I. POland from the year 694 that Lochus of Croatia was the first Duke has been Govern'd by Dukes Palatines Kings and Dukes again till the year 1295 that Primislaus surnam'd Posthumus Duke of Posna again assum'd the name of King which continued ever since to his Successors of the same Family till the year 1574. Henry Duke of Anjou Son to Henry the Second King of France was chosen on the death of Sigismund-Augustus who was the first Stranger to the Blood John the Third of the Illustrious Family of Sobieski is the present King of Poland c. Elected King March 20. 1674. being before Senator Grand Marshal and Generalissimo of the Armies of the Crown he made his solemn entrance at Cracow Jan. 3. 1676. and was crown'd there on the second of February following by the Bishop of that place call'd Olzaski He married before his coming to the Crown a French Lady nam'd Maria Casimire de la Grange Daughter to Henry de la Grange Knight Marquess of Arquien Lord of Beaumont Master of the Camp of a Regiment of Cavalry and Captain Colonel of the hundred Switzers of the Guard of the late Monsieur Duke of Orleans This Princess was crown'd on the same day with her Husband and has brought him many Children 1. Prince James born An. _____ and An. 1691. he married Hedewig-Elizabetha-Amalia youngest Daughter save one to Philip-William Duke of Neuburg and Elector Palatine 2. Prince Alexander born about the year 70. 3. John born An. _____ 4. Casimire born An. _____ 5. Leopold born An. _____ 6. The Princess Louise Adelaia born Oct. 3. 1677. held at the Font of Baptism by the Palatine of Russia for his late Majesty Charles the Second King of Great Britain c. This Princess was Baptised with the Water of the River Jordan whereof the King her Father just before her birth had been presented with a Pot full as also with many other rarities from Asia II. As King of Poland he bears Quarterly In the First and Fourth Gules an Eagle Argent crown'd membred and becked Or for Poland In the Second and Third Gules a Cavalier arm'd Argent holding a Sword with the Right Hand of the same and a Shied Azure in the Left charg'd with a Cross Or with double Cross-Barrs his Horse barded Azure and nail'd Or for Lithuania On the whole Azure a Buckler Or for Sobieski For a Crest a Crown rais'd with eight small Flowers and clos'd with eight Semicircles terminating in a Mond Or which is the Crest of Poland The Shield environ'd with the Orders of France The general Motto of the Kings of Poland is Habent sua sydera Reges His Livery is of a Blew Colour He professes the Roman Religion but Greeks Protestants and other Sects are there tolerated He uses the Poland Longuage wich is a Dialect of the Sclavonian III. Warsaw seated on the River Vistula is most frequented best traded and the Capital City of the Kingdom honour'd for the most part with the Kings Court the holding of all Publick business of Peace and War Cracow seated on the same River is little inferiour to the former the Buildings here being fairer than elsewhere in Poland of Freestone and four Stories high but for the most part cover'd with Shingles or Tiles of Wood. IV. The Revenues of this King are computed to be 600000 Crowns per annum drawn chiefly out of Salt-works near Cracow and from Mines of Copper Lead Tin and Silver from the fishing Trade in Prussia and the Tribute of the Jews His Daughters are provided for at the Publick Charge and for the most part the expence of his Houshold defray'd In time of War he is inabled by the Diets to lay Impositions and Taxes on the people In Poland it s an affront to call a Man Cossack as in Italy Calabrian in Germany Switzer in Spain Galician in Sueden Finlander in France Norman in England Welchman c. Russia or Moscovy I. THE first Great Duke of Moscovy who shook off the Tartarian bondage was nam'd John who Reign'd about the year 1500. Since him the Government has gone partly by Election and partly by Succession The last Elected was Michael Fredrowitz Son of Theodore the Patriarch of Mosco and Grandfather to the present Czars He was Elected An.
1615 and settled this vast Empire and manag'd it in a more constant way of Peace with the Turk Tartar Polonian and Swethlander than any of his Predecessors had done before him At present there are two Brothers that Reign jointly as Czars Great Dukes or Emperours of Moscovy The eldest is nam'd Iwan-Alexeewich born about the year 1667. and has married the Daughter of one Soltikows a Polander The other is nam'd Peter Alexeewich born about the year 1670. Upon the death of the late Czar the elder of these came to the Crown but by reason of his Natural Defects being judg'd by a great party of the Empire unfit to Govern they would have Depos'd him and set up the younger Brother but the former being upheld by a good Interest after much stir they came to this accommodation that they should Reign joyntly II. The Great Seal of Moscovy is an Eagle displaied Sable in a Field Or bearing on its Brest a Shield the Field being Gules charg'd with a S. George Argent holding a Launce with which he kills a Dragon Betwixt the Heads of the Eagle are three Crowns plac'd one over the other which are said to signifie Moscovy and the two Kingdoms of Cassan and Astracan They say it was the Tyrant Iwann Basileewich who first made use of these Arms to raise a belief that he was descended from the Ancient Roman Emperours the word Czar signifying Caesar Heylin makes the Arms of Moscovy Sable a Portal Open of two Leaves and as many degrees Or. His Livery is of a Yellow Colour He is of the Greek Church and the Moscovites have a Bible translated from the Greek and printed in their own Tongue which is the Sclavonian in the Moscovite Characters III. Moscow seated on the River of the same name is the Capital City and Imperial Seat Few Cities in the World have suffer'd so much by Fire An. 1571. the Tartars burnt it and in it 80000 persons it being then 12 Miles in Compass and containing 41500 Families and Houses and above 1500 Convents Churches and Chapels It keeps its Compass still but the number of Houses is not restor'd they not extending above five Miles An. 1611. the Polanders burnt it and An. 1676. the Fire hapning by accident held on for three weeks and burnt as it s said 5000 Houses This Town is apt to Fires because the Houses of the Common People are generally built of Wood with Mortar mixt with Straw and done over with Lime brought from Smolensko and are cover'd with Boards and Barks of Trees having sometimes Turffs laid on them and Fires would happen oftner there but that Soldiers and Guards are appointed to take care of it The Churches and Houses of the Persons of Quality are built with Stone or Brick and some of the chief Churches are cover'd with gilt Copper or Tin and have many Globes of the same Metal on them so that the Prospect of Moscow is very beautiful There is a Bell rais'd on a Tower of Moscow which weighs above one hundred seventy six Tuns Two hundred Tuns of Metal were allow'd for making it It s twenty four Foot in hight the Clapper is twenty one Foot in length and weighs above seven Tuns IV. It s said that this Duke has more Lands than all the Dukes of Europe beside and his Government being Tyrannical so that he has the free and absolute disposal of his Subjects Lives and Fortunes he makes his Revenues what he pleases But beside the extraordinary ways of oppressing his Subjects which he often makes use of he has many ordinary ways for amassing Treasures viz. By Forestalling Homebred Commodities and Engrossing the Foreign selling them at what price he lists and hindring others from Trade till all his are sold By provision of Rent Corn and Victuals rais'd in some years to 20000 Marks Sterling Customs on Merchandize to 800000. Poll-mony to 400000. Rent Wood and Hey to 30000 c. Tartaria Precopensis or the Lesser Tartary I. IT S probable that upon the breaking of the great Empire of the Tartars into pieces upon the death of Tamerlane which hapned An. 1402. The Precopenses or European Tartars submitted to a Prince of their own Nation under the Power and Government of whose Successors they still continue The name of the present Cham of the Lesser Tartary or of the Crim Tartar is Nuradin Kiery He has a Wife call'd the Chamine and four Children to all whom the Emperour of Germany sent Presents some years since He is call'd the Crim Tartar from the Town of Crim the Ancient Seat of the Chams and at that time the fairest and greatest of the Country situate in the midst thereof and fortified with a strong Castle and for the hight of the Walls and depth of the Ditch esteem'd Impregnable The Country is also call'd Tartaria Precopensis from Precopia a chief Town thereof II. He bears Or three Grissins Sable arm'd Gules His Livery is of a _____ colour The Religion there most Embrac'd and Countenanc'd is that of Mahomet mingled with some few of their old Principles of Christianity for they confess that Christ shall be Judge both of the Quick and Dead in the day of Judgment and punish â—â—ose that speak irreverently of him which makes great store of Grecian and Armenian Christians dwell among them The Language which they speak is their own Tartarian but intermixt with much of the Arabick and Turkish Tongues and when they write they use either Chaldean or Arabick Characters III. A late French Writer tells us he resides at Baccasarium which stands in the midst of his Countries perhaps the same with Crim before mention'd But the Court of the Great Cham in the Summer time makes a moveable City built upon Wheel-Houses and Transported from one place to another as occasion serves which Houses at every station are orderly dispos'd of into Streets and Lanes and by the Tartars are called Agara or a Town of Carts They remove also their droves of Cattle up and down with them Within these Territories there is a Town call'd Capha but it belongs wholly to the Turk he keeping there a Governour It was taken from the Genoeses An. 1475. It s six or seven Miles about being in a manner wholly inhabited by Christians The Greeks have twelve Churches there The Armenians thirty two and the Romanists one Dedicated to S. Peter The Town is of great Trade IV. The Revenues of this Prince are uncertain his Subjects having but little mony and living most upon Bartering of their Cattle beside what he has in Lands and Customs and five thousand five hundred Ducats yearly which he receives from the Great Turk he has the tenth of all Spoils which are gotten in the Wars The Male-Line of the Ottoman House failing these Chams are to succeed upon an Agreement made betwixt the two Emperours TURKY I. THE Turks who anciently inhabited about the Fens of Maeotis liv'd a poor and contemptible Nation till Mahomet the Sultan of Persian Rebelling against his
the Emperor should have what he pleased so he might have freedom to see the sight and parted with his House accordingly The Palace of the Seraglio contains three Courts one within another the Buildings yielding unto those of France and Italy for the neat contrivances but far surpassing them for cost and curiousness The Grand Seignior has many other considerable Cities the chief is Grand Cairo in Egypt which is eight miles in compass and being viewed from a high place it presents a most delightful prospect the Mosques being built of various Colours and very beautious and the other Houses tho but two stories high having generally their Roofs raised with Turrets for Coverings and being all surrounded with Palm Trees and Gardens Alexandria also in Egypt has been a considerable Town belonging to the Grand Seignior it s at present full of Ruins and but poorly inhabited the cause is imputed to the illness of the Air during the Months of July August September and October which is thought to proceed from this that the greatest part of the Houses are built on solid Vaults which serve as Cisterns to keep the Waters of Nilus whence the Air becomes corrupted and inclines to Diseases He has also the City of Babylon in Chaldea not the ancient Babylon but another City going by that name situate forty miles more North maintained chiefly at present by the Trade of Aleppo and being seven miles in compass IV. The Turkish Empire being of so vast an extent in three parts of the World viz. Africa Asia and the better part of Europe must of necessity yield an immense Treasure a certain Author says he has under him seventy Kingdoms and three Empires The Revenues consist chiefly in Tributes raised on the People and in Customs and these are paid for the most part in Silver As for the Gold which is raised it proceeds from four Sources whereof two are foreign and two of the Country One of the first is the Trade of the English French Dutch Italians Moscovites and Polanders who bring Ducats from their Countries The other is their annual Tribute of the Cham of the Lesser Tartary the Princes of Transylvania Moldavia Valachia the Republick of Ragusa and a part of Mingrelia and of Russia ought to pay the Grand Seignior in Gold which amounts to considerable Sums One of the two Sources of the Country is the Spoils of the Bacha's all their Monies which for the most part is Gold coming to the Grand Seignior at their Deaths the other the Revenue of Egypt which amounts yearly to twelve millions of Livres Beside this yearly Income the Turk has a secret Treasure consisting of such stores of Gold as have been laid up by the Ottoman Princes and in this private Treasury when Ibrahim this Emperor's _____ came to the Crown there were four thousand Bags of Gold each containing 15000 Ducats of Gold or thirty thousand Crowns which Summ makes three hundred and sixty millions of Livres Some have affirm'd the Grand Seignior to be Proprietor of all the Lands under his Dominions and that Fathers do not leave the Succession to their Children which is a great mistake for the right of inheriting according to the degrees of Blood is not only granted the Turks but likewise to the Greeks they paying the Grand Seignior only about three per Cent. at each change of Heir PERSIA I. HIstorians make eight Dynastyes of Persian Kings The fifth of these Dynastyes was begun in the person of Tangrolipix the first Persian King of the Turkish Race ann 1020 who is mentioned by me in my foregoing Account of Turky This Race failing the sixth Dynasty began in Haalon made King of Persia by Occata the Great Cham of Tartary ann 1260. This Tartarian Dynasty ended also in Persia with the Race of Tamerlane and the seventh Dynasty of the Turcoman or Armenian Race began in Ussan Cassanes ann 1472 he being the Son of one of those poor Armenian Princes dispossessed by Bajazet the First Emperor of the Turks and restored by Tamerlane who grew at length to that power that he overthrew in a pitched Field Zeuzes the last of the Tartarian Race and slew him This Dynasty of the Turcoman or Armenian Race continued till 1496 that Alanat the last King of it was overthrown and slain by Hysmael one of the Sophian Race and Faction The Quarrel and Occasion was thus Mahomet the Impostor and first Emperor of the Saracens by his last Will and Testament bequeathed the Succession of that Estate to Haly his near Kinsman and Husband to Fatima his eldest Daughter but Abudezar Haumar and Osman three powerful Men and the chief Commanders of the Army in the time of Mahomet successively followed one another in the supreme Dignity After their Death 's Hali enjoyed that Honor for a little while supplanted first and afterwards vanquished by Muhavias a great Man of War who succeeded in it and to secure himself slew Hasen or Ossan the Son of Hali and eleven of his Sons a twelfth escaping called Musa Ceredine from whom Hysmael Sophi abovementioned was lineally descended who after his Victory and being crowned King or Shaw of Persia altered the Form of Religion making Hali and himself the sole Successors of Mahomet and condemning Abudezar Haumar and Osman with the Turks as Rebels and Schismaticks Hence proceeded the Bloody Wars betwixt them and the Turks the Persians burning whatsoever Book they found concerning those three and the Turks holding it more meritorious to kill one Persian than seventy Christians This Hysmael Sophi was the Founder of this eighth Dynasty of the Persian Kings ann 1505 from whom is descended Cha Soliman the present King of Persia at his coming to the Crown called Cha Sophi he came to be King ann 1665 his Father great Cha Abas then dying himself at that time being thirty five years of Age. It s a remarkable Passage concerning the change of this King's Name and his being twice crown'd which was on this occasion It happened some time after his being crowned that he grew indisposed in his Health and his Physician had tried several methods on him without success whereupon the King's Mother growing impatient fell severely on the Physician and charged him for being either Fool or Traitor that he did not cure the King The Doctor finding himself so hardly put to it had no way to shift himself but by charging the Fault on the Stars and the Astrologers and told her if the King languished and could not recover a perfect health it proceeded not from any Failure in him or his Medicines but for that the Astrologers had not taken the Aspect of a fortunate Constellation at the time of his Coronation The Physician was back'd by all his Friends at Court and particularly by one of the King's Astrologers who had a secret hatred against the Prince of the Astrologers who had been appointed to observe the favourable hour for the King's Coronation and the former made out the mistake astrologically
not any account thereof to rely on but it s generally agreed that the Houses for the most part are but of one Story and the Sreets being not pav'd so troublesom a dust is rais'd by the Wind in the Summer that it forces those who have not Portative Chairs to cover their Faces with a Linnen Cloth reaching to their Girdles thro which they may see without being seen and the Dirt makes the Streets altogether as offensive in the Winter In this City as they say the King has a Pallace of great Magnificence and Curiosity Nanking is the next chief City of China and not inferiour to the former only in the number of Inhabitants which by reason of the Kings Residence at Peking is there greater The Houses of the chief Merchants are very well built and of many Stories They compute in it a Million of Inhabitants without comprising a Garrison of forty thousand Men kept there by the Tartars under the Command of the Lieutenant General of the Southern Provinces who resides there There are several accounts of the vast numbers of Cities Towns Villages Houses and Inhabitants of China as also of their incredible numbers of Shipping concerning all which we want more perfect accounts to rely on IV. It s said that the Kings of China have ordinarily had an yearly Revenue of above one hundred and fifty Millions of Crowns His Revenues as C ham of Tartary may be what he lists himself he being the absolute Lord of all the Subject has without any thing he can call his own But that which ordinarily accrues to him is the Tenth of the Wooll Silk Hemp Corn and Cattle and he draws into his own Hands all the Gold and Silver which is brought into the Country and which he causes to be melted and preserv'd in his Treasury imposing on his people instead of mony in some places Cockleshells others a black Coin made of the Bark of Trees with his stamp on it and he keeps to himself the whole Trade of Pearl fishing which no Man upon pain of death dares fish for but by leave from him INDIA I. THE Emperour of India call'd the Great Mogul or King of Indostan is nam'd Aureng-Zebe which in the Indian Language signifies The Ornament of the Throne He is call'd the Mogul by reason of his descent from the Mongul Tartars one of the five great Tribes or Nations mention'd in the foregoing Head into which that people was divided deriv'd Originally from the Great Tamerlane The present Emperour began to Reign An. 1660 after the cruel Deaths which he made his own Father and Brothers to suffer he being the third of four Sons of that Prince He has many Children and his eldest Son is call'd Sultan Mahmond II. The Armorial Shield of India is Argent semè with Besants Or his Livery is of a _____ colour He professes the Mahometan Religion which has been long Embrac'd by the Tartars from whom they were originally descended and he uses the Scythian or Tartarian Language from which the Turks a Scythian people differ but in Dialect and a sprinkling of the Persian intermixt with it III. The City where he keeps his Court is call'd Agra He formerly resided at Lahor Agra is esteem'd twice as great as Hispaan The Houses of the Persons of Quality are Magnificent tho they are but of one Story or two at most and are environ'd with very high Walls to keep their Wives from being seen IV. This King has an infinite Treasure in Gold and pretious Stones His yearly Revenue is said to be fifty Millions of Crowns and he is Heir to every Mans Estate that is worth an having the Persons and Purses of his Subjects being at his sole disposal so that he may amass what Treasures and raise what Forces for War he pleases Decan and Cambaia I. THE name of the King of Decan and Cambaia is Idalcansi or Idalschaa II. He bears Verte encompast with a Collar of large precious Stones His Livery is of a _____ colour He professes the Mahometan Religion and uses the _____ Language III. His chief Cities are Decan and Visapore tho he resides ordinarily at Danoger There is much talk of a great Canon he has in his Artillery He has in his Country an Hill encompast with an high Wall and kept by a strong Garrison because of the great store of Diamonds and other Precious Stones which are dug out of it An. 150◠the Portugueses took from a Prince of Decan the Island and Town of Goa which they have since made the Capital of their East India Conquests Golchonda and Orixa I. THE King of Golchonda and Orixa is call'd Cha John II. He professes the Mahometan Religion III. His Capital City is Golchonda which is very fair and strong All the Merchants Lodge in the Suburbs and the Kings Officers and persons of Quality in the Town IV. This Prince has in his Estates a very rich Mine of Diamonds CALICUT I. THE name of the King of Calicut is Zamorin II. He professes the Mahometan Religion III. His Capital City and the ordinary place of his Residence is Calicut It is in length extended upon the Sea shore three Miles and a Mile in breadth containing about six thousand Houses but mean and low built few of them exceeding the height of a Man on Horseback the Soil being so hollow and full of water that it is not capable of a Foundation for an heavier building and for that cause unwall'd so that Merchants Houses are here valued but at twenty Crowns those of the Common sort no more than ten yet it is of great Trading The Portuguese forc'd a Foundation on the shore there for a strong Castle but were so put to it by the King of Calicut that they were fain to demolish it and to quit their Posts The Priests or Bramans there were yellow clothing because they think this colour Consecrated to God by reason of its resemblance to the Sun and to Gold PEGU THE Kingdom of Pegu and the Town of its name are now almost ruin'd Siriangh is at present the most considerable Town of the Kingdom and the ordinary place of the Kings Residence Pegu was once the chief City and was very famous having round about it a Moat in which Crocodiles were kept to keep people from surprising the Town The people of Pegu have white Elephants in great Veneration and think they draw on them a Benediction and that their false Prophet Xaca was Metamorphoz'd into that Animal This King is a Pagan SIAM I. THE present King of Siam is about forty years of Age. II. He is a Pagan tho the people of Siam are generally Adiaphorists that is to say all Religions are indifferent to to them because they believe them all good wherefore they tolerate them all so they may consist with the Laws of their State III. The Capital City is Siam it s said to be one of the finest a Man can look on The buildings are of an admirable Structure and the