Ibid. c. 50. should have her Nose and Ears cut-off 5. That a Widdow marrying within twelve months after her Husbands Death should lose her joynture and Dowry Ibid. c. 71. Cnute not long before he died appointed his eldest Son Swane Hoveden 251. a A. D. 1035. Cnute dies and disposeth his Kingdoms to his Sons by his first Wife (y) By most Writers reported to have been a Concubine she was Daughter to a Mercian Noble-man who is said to have been Earl of Northampton Elgiva to be King of Norway and his second Son (z) Others say he was elected King Ingulph Hist 509. a. and some that he was King only of the North parts of England and Harde Cnute of the South parts Harold by the same Woman to be King of England and Harde-Cnute his Son by Emme King of Danemarke This year he died in November at Shaftsbury and was buried at Winchester Harold according to some being chosen King by the Danes and Londoners Harold Hunt 209. a. whilst Earl Godwin and the English would have had for their King one of the Sons of Ethelred or Harde-Cnute the Son of Cnute but their attempt was in vain Malms l. 2. c 12 not being equal either in number or force to the Abettors of Harold and therefore he injoyed the Crown which was given to him by his Father A. D. 1036. as it is said in Hoveden before-cited however he came to be so King he was and innocent Elfred Elfred and many Normans slain a younger Son of Emme by Ethelred coming out of Normandy to visit his Mother then being at Winchester Harold Harde-Cnute Danes A. D. 1036. as 't is storied was by Earl Godwin and others by order of Harold together with many Normans that came to accompany him slain his Mother Emme not thinking her self safe here much grieved for the death of her Son cruelly murthered Hoved. 251. Emme flies to Baldwin Earl of Flanders went to Baldwin Earl of Flanders who received her honourably and assigned Brugis for the place of her abode where she remained three years whither her Son Harde-Cnute came out of Danemarke to visit her Malmsb. ibid. Hunting ibid. Hoved. 251. b. Harold dies Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1040. in the mean while having done nothing memorable Harold dies at Oxford some say London and was buried at Westminster Florence of Worcester says they divided the Kingdom of England by Lot and that the North part fell to Harold and the South to Harde-Cnute who was rejected because he came not out of Danemarke when sent for so soon as was expected and therefore Harold was elected King over all England A. D. 1035 1037. fol. 622. Harde-Cnute both English and Danes make him their King After his death all the Nobility both Danes and English sent to Brugis to Harde-Cnute to come and be their King the Children of Ethelred being neglected and post-poned for the easiness and ill fortune of their Father he arrives with sixty Ships manned with Danes and was of all People received with great applause but during his short Reign did nothing worthy a King save that he treated his half Brother Edward and his Mother Emme who came to him out of Normandy He laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation Ibidem At which Worcestershire People tumult very kindly and honourably he laid a grievous Tax upon the Nation for the payment of eight Marks to every Rower and twelve Marks to every Officer in his Fleet this caused the People to tumult and at Worcester the Country People and Citizens killed two of his Domestick Servants which he sent to gather his Tax but he chastised them severely for that Fact for he sent thither Leofric Earl of Mercia Godwin Earl of West-Saxony Siward Earl of Northumberland Their City and Country is burnt and plundered Ib. A.D. 1042. He dies suddenly c. who plundered and burnt the City and wasted all the Country when he had reigned about two years he died suddenly while he was drinking at a Nuptial Feast at Lambeth where Osgod a great Danish Lord had married his Daughter to Prudan another Potent Dane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1043. His Descent Edward commonly called the Confessor the eldest Son of Ethelred by Emme and half Brother to Edmund Ironside Son also of Ethelred by a former Wife being in England at the death of his half Brother Harde-Cnute was in a great straight not knowing what to do and thinking to retire into Normandy [1.] Malms de Gest R. R. l. 2. c. 13. fol. 45. a. n. 10. He applies himself to Earl Godwin applied himself to Earl Godwin who gave him other advice minds him whose Son he was and what great probability there was of his being King and withall promiseth his assistance upon Conditions to be agreed on between them Edward urged by necessity promiseth to make good all he asked Then a Council being called at London Godwin being very eloquent and powerful in perswading so prevailed in this Assembly that by the consent of almost all present He is declared King he was made King and [2.] Hoveden 252. a. crowned at Winchester anointed by Edsi Archbishop of Canterbury and Alfric Archbishop of York in the presence of almost all the Bishops of England And not long after by advice of the Earls Leofric Godwin Edward the Confessor of the Saxon Race A. D. 1043. and Siward he seized and took from his Mother Emmâ— all her Gold Silver Jewels and Treasure The reason assigned is that she was very hard and sparing towards him in the time of his Exile he married the Daughter of Earl Godwin by name Edith or Edgith Hor. Worcest He takes away Jewels and Treasury from his Mother Emme He Marries Earl Godwin's Daughter Edgith Malms ut sup Her Beauty Learning and Modesty as he had promised She was no ways like her Father or Brothers but was very beautiful learned humble and modest [3.] Histor Croy. 509. a. n. 30.40 50. Edward much addicted to the French Modes and Customâ— Ibidem Ingulph reports he saw her often when he went to Court to see his Father who lived there and coming from School was often met by her and opposed solidly and smartly not only in Grammar but in Logick The same Historian there saith that though Edward was born in England yet having had his Education in Normandy he was almost become a French man and calling many from thence both Laies and Religious preferred them to great Offices and Dignities The chief amongst them were Robert a Monk whom he made first Bishop of London and then Archbishop of Canterbury and William his Chaplain whom he made Bishop of Dorchester with other Military men which he placed upon the Borders to defend them against the Welch Then the English under this King and the Normans which he brought in began to lay aside the English Rites and Customs and in many
printed at Paris 1539. there is a * C. 25. Chapter de exercitu Ducis not to be found in the French Print of that year but Du Fresn in his * Tom. 3. col 832. Glossary cites a good part of it from the MSS. Customer in the Chamber of Accounts at Paris Military Service in chief which he made use of in these words Or est vn service que Doit estre fet au Prince en armes se lont la Coustume L'establissement des Fiemens des Villes icest service est accoustume á fere par 40. jours Service of 40. days pour le secours l'aide de la terre de câ—ux qui en tiennent les Fiemens come ce soit fet pour aucun Delivrance pour le profit dâ—l Comun Pâ—eple c. Tous fiefs de * See the Glossary Hauberâ— sont especialment establis pour fair le propre service de la Duchee Ensement de Tous les Countees les Baronees Doivent accomplir ce service a decertes toutes les villes qui ont Communes Si devez scavoir que les sieus de Haubere que sont es Countees es Baronnies qui ne sont pas Establies pour la Duquee de Normandie ne doivent pas de service D'ost fo rs as Seigneurs as quieux il sont soumis Excepte nequedent Larrierban del Prince auquel Trestous grans petits pourtant que il soient Convenables pour armes porter sont tenu sans excusation nulle a fair lui aid profit a tout leur pooir Now there is a Service which ought to be made to the Prince in Arms according to the Custom and Establishments of Fees and of Cities or Burghs and this Service is by Custom performed by * Co. Lit. Sect. 95. forty days for the succor and aid of the Land by such as hold the Fees as it were done for any Deliverance and for the profit of the Commune People c. All Military or Knights Fees were especially established to do the proper Service of the Dutchy and likewise all the Earldoms and Baronies ought to accomplish this Service and all the Cities or Burghs that have Communities it is also to be understood that the Knights Fees which are in the Earldoms and Baronies which are not established for the Dutchy of Normandy nor do owe Service to the Army but to the Lords of whom they are holden except at the Arrierban of the Prince to which all both great and small that are able to bear Arms are bound to come without excuse and to give him aid and assistance with all their Power The Latin Version agrees with this French Text and as it proceeds further The Duke granted to such as held of him Scutage Service of the Tenents there is a Clause exactly agreeable to the antient practice in England The Duke of Normandy granted to such as had performed their Service in the Army forty days Scutage-Service of such as held of them by Military Service Exercitus autem dicitur auxilium illud pecuniale quod concedit Princeps Normanniae facto exercitus per 40 dies servitio Baronibus vel Militibus de illis qui tenent de eis feodis vel de tenentibus suis in Feodo Loricali And so was the Usage of our antient English Kings after the Conquest to grant to such as had personally or by substitute or fine performed their Service in the Army Scutage-Service of such as held of them in Military Tenure Heritages partible and not partible C. 26. 36. Gavelkind Tenure in Military Service and Serjeanty impartible Heritage partible was equally divided amongst all the Sons c. All the Children of one Son were but to have the share of their Father divided amongst them A Father that had many Sons Ibidem Glanvil lib. 7. c. 1. 3. Soccagium divisum could not give one a better Share than the other of his Heritage for if he did notwithstanding his Gift it was to be divided with his other Lands amongst his Sons after his death He could not Give Sell Mortgage or any way put any part of his Heritage into the hand of a Bastard Son but within a year and a day it might be recovered by his Heirs Impediments of Succession were Bastardy profession of Religion C. 27. Impediments of Succession Blood attainted Leprosie c. Lands of a Bastard if he had no issue by a lawful Wife returned to the Lord of the Fee Tenures were by Homage by Parage by Bourgage by Almoign C. 28. What Tenures in Normandy Bordage or Tenure of servile works Tenure of Rent or Rent Charge c. No Tenent by Homage could sell or ingage his Fee C. 29. Tenent by Homage could not sell c. without consent of his Lord unless in some parts there was a Custom to sell or ingage a third part or a less so as there was left enough to pay and perform the Services Faisances and Dignities due to the Lords Parage is when the younger Brothers hold their Share of the Fee of the elder Brother and he of the Lord C. 30. Parage and does the Homage and Service they contributing their Shares So it is called Parage in respect of Parentage in which they are equal not in respect of their Estates C. 31. Bourgage Bourgage is a Tenure according to the Customs and Vsages of Bourghs and may be bought and sold as Moveables without the Assent of the Lord. C. 32. Franc Almoign Tenure in Almoign or Franc Almoign So Lands given in pure Alms to God and such as serve him C. 33 Ward and Marriage A Member of a Military Fee what The Duke of Normandy had the Guard or Wardship and Marriage of all Minors which held of him by Homage by a Fee or a Member of a Military Fee A Member of a Military Fee is the eighth part or any part under as a sixth or seventh not but it might be divided into more but less than an eighth could not have Court and Vsage belonging to it So other Lords of such as held of them by Homage The Duke and other Lords had also Reliefs 15 l. of a Military Fee C. 34. Relief and 100 l. of a Barony upon the death of the Tenents an Earl paid 500 l. C. 35. Three Capital Aids Glanv lib. 9. c. 8. Tenents in Military Service paid three Capital Aids one to make the Lords eldest Son a Knight a second to marry his Daughter a third to redeem their Lord out of Prison C. 39 40 41 c. Glanv l. 1. c. 28. to the end Essoins Essoins or excuses for delaying Suits in Feudal Pleas were de Malo veniendi de Malo lecti per Servitium Ducis de ultra Mare de Privilegio crucis c. The same in England C. 50. Warranty Of Warranty whoever was called to it was bound to secure
or any of the Clergy should give Judgment concerning the Life of any Man or loss of Member nor by their Authority should countenance any that do it Another he held at Winchester [1.] Ibidem fol. 13. Anno Domini 1076. No Canon to Marry Priests in Burghs and Cities might retain their Wives wherein it was Decreed That no Canon should Marry and that Priests which lived in Burroughs and Villages that had Wives should not put them away but if they had none they were prohibited to take any and Bishops were to take care that they did not Ordain Married Men either Deacons or Priests [2.] In Appen n. 14. The Origin of Exempts and Peculiars Archbishop Lanfranc exempted all the Clerks or Parish-Priests of the Towns belonging to him or where he was Lord or presented to the Living in any Diocess from the Jurisdiction and Visitation of the Bishop which might be the Original of Peculiars These were the Ecclesiastical Affairs in England in the time of William the First what they were then in Normandy and how alike to them here may be seen in the Constitutions made there [3.] In Appen n. 15. 1080. In the last year of his Reign [4.] Florâ— Wig. fol. 642. Anno Domini 1087. many of the chief Cities of England and London burnt Order vit fol. 663. C. almost all the chief Cities of England were burnt and the greatest and best part of London with the Church of St. Pauls King William dying on the Ninth of September 1087. as was noted before left Issue by Maud Daughter of Baldwin Earl of Flanders 1. Robert his eldest Son Florent Wigor fol. 642. Anno Domini 1087. according to the Will and Bequest of his Father succeeded him only in the Dukedom of Normandy 2. Richard his Second Son Order vit fol. 573. C. who following a hard Chace in Hunting in the New-Forest was mortally hurt by the Bough of an Hasle-Tree before either his years of Marriage or Knighthood 3. William commonly called Rufus succeeded his Father in the Kingdom of England Florent Wigor ut supra as he had given it to him in his last Will and Testament 4. Henry who after the death of his Brother William without Issue was King of England and Duke of Normandy * Order fol. 659. C. he had given him by his Father only Five thousand Pounds in Money Ibid. fol. 484. D. 548. B. C. 5. Cicely his Eldest Daughter first a Nun in the Monastery of Fescamp in Normandy afterward Abbess of the Holy Trinity in Cane where she died Anno Domini 1127. July 13. Ibidem fol. 544. C. 6. Constance Married to Alan Fergant or the Red Earl of Britain for the assurance of Peace between King William and him died without Issue Lib. 8. c. 34. 7. Adelidis or Alice his Third Daughter Contracted to Harold the Usurper Fol. 573. C. Seems to be the same with Agatha Script Norm f. 1070. as Gemeticensis affirms but at his death being Marriageble died a Virgin but Ordericus Vitalis mentions not this Contract between her and Harold Ibid. fol. 574. A. 8. Adela who was Married to Stephen Earl of Blois by whom she had four Sons William Theobald Henry and Stephen who by his Uncle King Henry the First was made Earl of Mortainge and by his means was Married to Maud Daughter and Heir of Eustachius Earl of Bulloign by whom he had that Earldom and also very great Possessions in England Ibid. 573. C. Seems to be the same with Adelidis or Adelis Script Norm f. 1070. 9. Agatha who died a Virgin but reported by Ordericus Vitalis to have been first Contracted to Harold the Usurper and afterward to Amfurcius King of Gallicia but died in her Journey thither not having ever seen him THE REIGN OF William Rufus OR William the Second THE Conqueror dying on the Ninth of October An. Do. 1087. [1.] Ord Vit. fol. 763. D. Rufus brings his Fathers Donation of England to Arch-Bishop Lanfranc Robert Bloiet his Chaplain immediately came over into England with his Son William and brought with him to Lanfranc Arch-Bishop of Canterbury the Donation of his Father [2.] Ibidem fol. 663. C. Who Anointed him King who having read it made haste with him to London and on Michaelmass-day Anointed him King in the old Church of St. Peter at Westminster having first promised [3.] Eadm fol. 13. n. 50. Upon the great Promises he made to him He was Knighted by Lanfranc upon his Faith and Oath by himself and all others he could procure to vouch him to Lanfranc being not over forward to grant his desires that he would in all matters through the whole Kingdom preserve Justice Equity and Mercy defend the Peace and Liberty of the Church against all Men and also in all things obey his Council and Precepts But though Lanfranc having been his Tutor * Malms de Gest Reg. fol. 67. b. n 30. Order Vital fol. 665. D. Eudo King Williams Steward a great Instrument in setting up Rufus and also having made him a Knight brought on by these fair Engagements was the great Instrument to promote him to the Crown yet (a) He was Son to Hubert de Rie Privado to both Edward the Confessor and William the Conqueror and Envoy in the greatest and most private Matters that passed between them Eudo his Fathers Steward was little less Instrumental in his obtaining it if there be any truth in the Story cited from the Manuscript in Cottons Library [4.] Monast 2. vol. fol. 900. n. 40.50 The Keys of the Treasury at Winchester delivered to Rufus by Sir William Dugdale for he upon the occasion of his Fathers Grant incited William Rufus to be active in his own Affair and then hastning into England so insinuated himself into William de Ponte-Arche that he obtained from him the Keys of the Treasury then at Winchester and passed to Dover where he obliged by Oath the Guardians of the Castle that they should not deliver the Keys of that Fortress to any without his Advice The like he did at Pevensey Hastings and other Maritime Castles pretending the King whose death was kept secret would stay yet in Normandy and would have good assurance of the safety of his Castles in England by him his Steward And having thus dispatched his Business he returned to Winchester and discovered the Kings death and by his Contrivance while the Nobles in Normandy were Consulting about the Succession William Rufus was advanced to the Throne In the mean time [5.] Orderic fol. 665. C. Robert Duke of Normandy distributed his Wealth amongst his Soldiers Robert Duke of Normandy his elder Brother plentifully distributed his Wealth among his Veteran Soldiers or Knights and by hope of Rewards brought into his Service a Multitude of young Soldiers but his [6.] Ibidem Treasure failing he borrowed of his Brother Henry Three thousand Pounds for which he
Sunday after Dinner marched from thence no Man knowing his Resolution or whether he intended to go for about two years [3.] Ibid. fol. 877 878 879. both Parties burnt and harassed the Country took one anothers Towns and Castles At length [4.] Ibid. fol. 880. A.B.C. An. Do. 1124. A Battle between King Henry and the Normans The Normans beaten that appeared for Prince William on the Twenty sixth of March they came to a Battle where Earl Walteran Hugh de Montfort and Hugh of Newcastle his two Brothers in Law and Eighty other Knights or Tenents in Military Service were taken William de Grandcort Son of William Earl of Ou took Almaric flying from the Fight but fearing the Kings severity towards him left the King with whom he was engaged and his Estate and conveyed him to Beaumont and went and lived with him an Exile in France After Easter the [5.] Ibid. D. fol. 881. D. King brought to Judgment at Rouen some of the guilty Persons Geofrey de Torvill and Odard de Pine had their Eyes pulled out for Perjury and Luke de Barre had the same punishment for making scurrilous Songs of the King and Singing them The Earl of Mellent and his two Brothers in Law were sent Prisoners into England [6.] Ibidem 882. A. They submit and make their Peace with King Henry Most of the Confederates not long after submitted Almeric Lupell and others the Kings Enemies procured his Peace and when they could not help Exiled William they unwillingly deserted him yet obtained their Pardons and Estates again having first given due satisfaction In the [7.] Malms Hist Novel fol. 99. a. n. 10 20 30 40 50. King Henry sends into Germany for his Daughter Maude the Empress year 1126. the Emperor Henry the Fourth died of which so soon as the King heard he sent into Germany for his Daughter whom the Germans would have had Reign over them but the King having an intention to Marry her to the Duke of Anjou Tourain and Main they lying convenient for a conjunction to Normandy would not permit her to stay When [8.] Ord. Vit. f. 884. C. D. An. Do. 11â—7 Prince William Married to the Queen of France her Sister He claims Normandy all these Designs failed in restoring Robert the Father and advancing William the Son Lewis King of France still protected the young Man and by the procurement of Alice his Queen he was Married to her Sister and the King gave him Pontois Chaumont and Mant and all that Country now called Veuxin Francois This was done in January and before Lent he came with some force to Gisors and claimed Normandy but the Normans were afraid to receive him as their Natural Lord. It happened that on the First of [9.] Ibid. D. f. 885 886. A. An. Do 1127. Gemet lib. 8. cap. 14. He is made Earl of Flanders March following Charles of Denmark Earl of Flanders was Murdered and Lewis King of France gave unto this William that Earldom in right of his Grandmother Maude Queen of England and he restored to the King all the Towns and the Country of Veuxin which he had given him in France There were many Pretenders to the Right of this Earldom as William Earl of Ipre Theoderic Earl of Ou and Baldwin of Haynault Williams carriage and behaviour towards the Flemmings was more cruel and harsh than they expected and therefore they set up Theoderic against him to whom many Towns revolted and amongst them Alost which William besieged and beat the Forces of Theoderic that came to relieve it but that very day before the Castle Is slain before Alost Castle he was with a Lance thrust under the Ball of the Thumb into the Wrist of which Wound he died within five days and according to [1.] Lib. 8. c. 16. Gâ—meticensis his death happened on the Twenty seventh of July 1128. he died without Issue as also did [2.] Ord. Vit. f. 780. D. 781. A. Richard and William two Natural Sons of Duke Robert by a beautiful young Harlot of an old Priest Richard was Shot with an Arrow in New-Forest and died of his Wounds and William after his Father was taken at Tenerchebray went into the Holy Land and there was slain The Issue of Duke Robert extinct both dying unmarried and in them the Issue of Robert was extinct This year the King brought his Daughter into England Maude the Empress arrives in England in the Month of September At Christmass he called together at London a great number of the Clergy and Optimates or chief Men of the Nation and gave the Earldom of Shrewsbury to his Queen and fearing she would bear him no Children he bethought himself of a Successor to the Kingdom and in the same Council caused all the Optimates of England The great Men of England Swear to make her Queen after her Fathers death the Bishops and Abbats to Swear That if he should dye without Issue Male they would receive his Daughter Maude the Empress for their Queen having first told them what a great misfortune to the Nation the death of his Sons was and now that his Daughter was his only Lawful Successor The first that Swore was William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury next the Bishops and then the Abbats The first Layman that Sware was [3.] Malms Hist Nov. f. 99. b. n. 10. David King of Scots the next Stephen Earl of Mortain and Bologn King Henry's Nephew by his Sister Adala then Robert Duke of Gloucester between whom and Stephen there was great emulation which should Swear first All thus bound by Faith and Oath the Council was dissolved An. Do. 1128. She is Married to the Earl of Anjou's Son After Whitsuntide he sent his Daughter into Normandy that she might be betrothed to the Son of Fulke Earl of Anjou by the Arch-Bishop of Rouen and followed himself to see them Married and [4.] Ibidem n. 20. returned again that very year The Norman Monk placeth this [5.] Orderic fol. 889. A. Marriage in the year following and says that Turgis Bishop of Auranches Married them In the [6.] Malms f. 99. b. n. 30. f. 100. a. n. 30. Thirtieth year of his Reign the King passed into Normandy and met Pope Innocent at Chartres and there acknowledged him for Pope notwithstanding he was shut out of Rome and Anacletus possessed of that Seat and then at Rouen he and his great Men made him many Presents The next [7.] Ib. n. 40. An. Do. 1131. year he returned into England and with him his Daughter the Empress and in a great Convention of the Nobility at Northampton such as had Sworn Fealty to her before renewed their Oaths and such as before were not Sworn did then by Oath bind themselves unto her The year following [8.] Ibidem b. n. 10. Duke Robert dies on the Fifth of August he passed again into Normandy and never came more into England He continued there
and New-Castell all seated near or upon the River Epta or Itta in the Confines of France and Normandy This enraged the King of * Ibidem f. 997. C. A quarrel between the two Kings about the Marriage of their Children France and his (a) King Lewis after the death of his second Wife within [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 532. n. 10. fifteen days Married Ala Daughter of Theobald Earl of Blois who had three Sons [3.] Chron. Nor f. 985. A. King Lewis his third Wife Ala Daughter to Theobald Earl of Blois Henry the elder who had the Earldoms of Troyes and Champagn and whatever his Father had beyond the River Seyn Theobald the second who had the Earldoms of Chartres and Blois and Le Dunois Stephen the third who had the Honour of Servicius in Berry What this Honours was I find not Wives three Brothers Henry Theobald and Stephen which three Earls joyned their Forces and began to fortifie Chaumont which was of the Fee of Blois Castle that from thence they might infest Tourain King Henry no sooner hears of this Design but immediately without calling together many Forces goes to frustrate it The Earls hearing he was coming left their Work He presently took this new Fortress and about 120 Soldiers in it and demolished it and then fortified Ambois and Freteval and placed Garisons in them and went to Mans where he kept his Christmass with Queen Alienor After [4.] Ibidem f. 997. D. An. Do. 1161. The King takes possessession of the Castles in Normandy this he took into his own hands all the strong Holds of the Earl of Mellent and his other Barons in Normandy and committed them to the Care of his Trusty Friends and repaired and strengthned all his Castles in the edge of Normandy toward France and well Manned them especially Gisors Theobald Earl of Blois [5.] Ibidem f. 998. A. did ill Offices and made Contention between the two Kings who after Easter drew their Armies into the Field one against the other to defend their Countries first in Le Veuxin afterward in Le Dunois He takes the strong Castle of Agen. every day expecting Battle at length they made Truce without Bloodshed From hence King Henry after Midsummer marched into Aquitan and besieged the famous Castle of Agen seated upon the River Garonn strengthned as well by Nature as Art and in a week made himself Master of it on * The Tenth of August St. Laurence-day to the admiration and terror of the Gascoins The [6.] Ibidem The King calls a great Council Complains of the Bishops and their Ministers c. King spent his Christmass at Bayeux and in the first Sunday in Lent he called together the Bishops Abbats and Barons of all Normandy at Roven and made Complaint of the Bishops their Ministers and their Viscounts and Commanded the * See Append. n. 15. Council of Lillebon should be observed Some time this [7.] Ibid. D. The Kings of England and France perform the Office of Yeomen of the Stirrup to Pope Alexader year the two Kings came together at a place on the side of the River Loir and received Pope Alexander with great Honour and performing the Office of Yeomen or Gentlemen of his Stirrup and afterward walking on Foot one led his Horse by the Bridle on the right side and the other on the left until they brought him to a Pavillion prepared for him by whose Mediation a firm Peace was made between them The King [8.] Chron. Gervas Col. 1382. n. 10. busied with Transmarin Affairs sent over his Chancellor Thomas to manage his Business in England and he brought with him Henry the Kings Son to whom the [9.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 533. n. 10. An. Do. 1162. The Bishops and Abbats swear Fealty to Henry Son of King Henry Thomas the Chancellor or Thomas Becket made Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Bishops and Abbats of all England by the Kings Command sware Fealty and Thomas the Chancellor was the first that did Homage to him saving his Faith to his Father so long as he should live or would continue King He came over in April or the beginning of May but what was done in England upon his coming I find not more than that by the Kings Command and Directions he was chosen Arch-Bishop of Canterbury in May and was Consecrated on the Octaves of Pentecost or Trinity-Sunday In December following [1.] Ibidem Col. 534. n. 20. Chron. Norm f. 999. A. An. Do. 1136. The King comes to England having composed all things in France He Commands a Recognition to be made of his Barons Rights in Normandy the King having ordered and setled his Affairs and provided for and furnished his Castles with Men Arms and Victuals in Normandy Anjou Aquitan Gascony Tourain and Main came to Barfleu intending to pass into England before Christmass but detained by contrary Winds passed that Solemnity with his Queen Alienor at Cherbourgh and in January they set Sail and landed at Southampton on the 26 th of that Month where he was received by almost all the Nobility with great joy [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 536. n. 10. The Kings of South-Wales and North-Wales do Homage to the King Before his coming over he Commanded Rotroc Bishop of Eureux and Raynald of St. Valery to make Recognitions in the several Bishopricks what Legal Rents Rights and Customs belonged to the King and Barons I can find nothing more of moment done this year [2.] Rad. de Diceto Col. 536. n. 10. The Kings of South-Wales and North-Wales do Homage to the King but that Malcolm King of Scots Rese King of South-Wales Owen King of North-Wales and all the greatest Men of that Nation did Homage to the King of England and his Son Henry upon the First of July at Woodstocke The Norman Chronicle adds [3.] F. 999. B. That he gave his Brother David and some of his Barons Sons Pledges for his good Behaviour or preservation of Peace and that the King might have such of his Castles as he pleased All the next year is wholly taken up with the Controversie between the King and Arch-Bishop of Canterbury and indeed there is very little else to be found in any of our Historians until after his death which happened in the year 1170. I shall here pass it by and reserve it to another place towards the end of this Kings Reign and then report it distinctly The Welsh notwithstanding their Homage and Oaths of Fealty made to the King and notwithstanding their Hostages given The Welsh unquiet [4.] Joh. Bromton Col. 1059. n. 10. An. Do. 1165. harass the Marches and make Incursions into England The King raiseth a great Army enters their Country and forceth them to crave Peace The [5.] N. 30. An. Do. 1166. next year also King Henry marcheth with an Army into Wales to confirm them in the observation of the Peace and then passed beyond
Ibid. His great Strength at Sea Ibid. D. He enjoyned the Welch a Tribute of Wolves Ibid. C. Eight Kings swear Fidelity to him Ibid. E. His inordinate Lust punished by seven years Penance Ibid. F. He built and repaired forty seven Monasteries f. 122. A. Edlingi who they were f. 82. B. Edmund King of the East Angles slain by the Danes f. 113. E. Brother to Athelstan his success against the Danes f. 120. A. He made many Ecclesiastical Laws Ibid. B. He was unfortunately slain by a Thief Ibid. C. D. Edmund Ironside set up by the Londoners f. 126. D. He was totally defeated by Cnute f. 127. A. Edmund Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 559. D. He opposed the Popes Legats Demands but at length consented to them f. 575. E. He passed over Sea to Pontiniac Ibid. F. His Death f. 577. lin 1. Edmund the second Son to Henry the Third Invested with the Kingdom of Sicily and Apulia by the Pope f. 615. C. He undertook the Cross f. 664. E. He was Married to Avelin daughter to the Earl of Holderness f. 665. B. Edred subdued the Northumbrians and Scots f. 120. E. Edric his Ingratitude and Treachery to his Prince f. 124. F. His barbarous advice to Cnute f. 127. F. He is put to Death f. 128. B. Edward the Elder fought the Danes with good success f. 117. D. He confirmed the League with Godrun and Enacted many Ecclesiastical Laws f. 118. A. Edward the Younger Murdered by his Mother in Law Elfred f. 122. E.F. Edward the Confessor made King f. 130. E. His unkindness to his Mother and Marriage with Earl Goodwins Daughter f. 131. A. The Encouragement he gave the French Ibid. B. C. The English murmur against their Preferments Ibid. D. He sent his Queen into a Nunnery f. 133. A. The difference between him and Earl Goodwin composed and his Queen again received Ibid. E. F. He declared William Duke of Normandy his Successor f. 135. A. Prince Edward Eldest Son to Henry the Third born f. 572. C. The Londoners swear Allegiance to him f. 575. A. He was made Governor of Gascoigny and received their Homage f. 608. A. B. He was Married to Alienor Sister to the King of Spain f. 613. A. His return into England and adhered to the Barons fol. 637. B. C. He was made Prisoner by Montfort f. 640. C. He was sent to Dover Castle f. 642. lin 2. He purchased his Liberty but continued a Prisoner at large f. 649. B. D. He made his escape and raised Forces f. 650. E. His Father declared him a Rebel f. 651. C. He Surprised and Defeated Simon Montfort f. 652. A. B. C. He and his Brother Edmund are signed with the Cross f. 664. E. His preparation for the Holy Land f. 665. C. He was kindly received by the King of France at Tunis Ibid. F. He escaped a great and dangerous attempt upon his Life at Acon f. 666. B. C. Edwin King of Northumberland converted and then he built York Cathedral f. 104. B. 105. A. Edwin ejected the Monks out of Monasteries and brought in Seculars f. 120. F. Egbert first Monarch of the Saxon Heptarchy f. 110. B. He vanquished the Danes f. 111. A. He gave the Name to England Ibid. B. Peter Egeblanck Bishop of Hereford his project to supply Henry the Third with Money f. 615. A. B. He puts it in Execution f. 619. A. Ely Isle defended against William the Conqueror f. 196. C. D. The Abbat and Monks submit upon Terms Ibid. E. F. The Bishopric erected out of Lincoln f. 264. lin 2. The Churches Plea for Recovery of Lands f. 141. lin 1. Bishop William Chancellor to Richard the First and Chief Justiciary f. 425. A. F. He was made Legat f. 426. A. He made the Ditch about the Tower of London Ibid. B. He levied an Aid for the Kings use and displaced the Sheriff of York and punished the Citizens and Military Tenants Ibid. D. E. A great difference between him and Earl John the Kings Brother f. 429. A. His haughtiness Ibid. B. He imprisoned Geofry Arch-bishop of York f. 432. E. He was summoned to appear in the Kings Court but refused Ibid. F. A Skirmish between his and Earl Johns Retinue f. 433. A. He was charged with great Misdemeanors and deposed from his Chancellorship Ibid. B. C. The different Characters of him f. 434. A. B. C. His Bishopric seized to the Kings use Ibid. F. He hath only the Character of the Kings Messenger f. 437. C. Ely Isle taken and plundred and the Cathedral redeemed from burning by the Prior f. 506. F. The disinherited Barons secure themselves in it f. 657. F. Emme Mother to Edward the Confessor put to the fire Ordeal f. 133. B. The truth of the story questionable Ibid. C. England by whom so called f. 111. B. Divided into Shires Hundreds and Tythings f. 116. E. English Church Government Independent of the Roman See f. 88. A. The Popes Confirmation of several Donations no Argument of his Jurisdiction here Ibid. B. Three Objections against this Assertion answered Ibid. C. English Lands how divided and subdivided f. 159. C. D. E. Eorpwald King of the East-Angles converted to Christianity F. 105. B. Ermin-street f. 49. lin 2. Henry de Essex his Cowardise f. 299. D He was accused of Treason by Robert Montfort His punishment Ibid. E. Essoins in what Cases allowed f. 166. C. Ethelbald conspired against his Father and divided the Kingdom with him f. 112. D. E. His Luxury f. 108 B. Ethelbert his Laws made after the Roman Example f. 59. D. He received the Christian Faith f. 102 103. Ethelmar recommended by King Henry the Third to the Bishopric of Durham f. 602. E. He was chosen Bishop of Winchester with great reluctancy f. 604. B. C. His Election confirmed by the Pope f. 605. E. He was forced out of England by the Barons f. 628. E. His return denied and his Bishopric seized f. 635. B. F. Ethelred the Third Son of Ethelwolph fought the Danes nine times in one year f. 114. A. Ethelred the Son of Edgar by Elfrid an easie and unactive King fol. 123. A. He was betrayed by the Nobility and bought his Peace with the Danes Ibid. E. F. He with his Queen and Sons fled into Normandy fol. 125. A. B. He was recalled by the English and joyfully received Ibid. C. His whole Race abjured by the Bishops and Abbats f. 126. C. Ethelwolph granted the Tithes of all England to the Church fol. 112. A. B. All the Kings and Nobility of England subscribed it Ibid. C. He gave 300 Marks yearly to Rome f. 113. lin 4. Evesham Battle between Prince Edward and S. Montfort f. 652. C. Eustace Earl of Bulloign maketh a visit to Edward the Confessor f. 132. A. Eustachius Son to King Stephen his death f. 292. F. Exchequer English the same with the Norman f. 160. E. Common Pleas holden there f. 61. A. Who Judges and Assessors and the diversity of Pleas used there Ibid. B. Normans first sate
things to imitate the French Ibid. b. n. 10. And the English according to his Example they speak French and imitate their Vsages and are ashamed of their own the chief and great men to speak French in their Courts and Houses as a great piece of State and Breeding to make their Charters Deeds and Writings after the French manner ashamed of their own Usages and Customs in these and many other things [4.] Ibidem A. D. 1051. fol. 510. a.n. 50. He remits the Tax called Dane-geld About the eighth year of his Reign there being a great Scarcity and Famine he then remitted for ever the Tax called Dane-geld it having been continued eight and thirty years from the first time that it was paid by Ethelred to King Swane The English began [5.] Malmsb ut sup n. 40.50 The English murmur at the Preferment of the Normans to murmur at the Preferments of the Normans and took it ill that Strangers should injoy such places of Trust and Dignity on the contrary the Normans stomached the English defended themselves and [6.] Ibidem They calumniate the English especially Godwin and his Sons f. 46. a. n. 40 50 calumniated them especially (b) This mighty Earl was a Cow-heards Son advanced by Cnute whose Sister he had married she being dead he married a second Wife says Malmsbury but of what Stock not known by her he had six Sons [8.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1051. Flor. of Worcest the same year fol. 1627. Swane Harold Wulnoth Tosti Girth Leofwin he himself was Earl of Kent the South and West-Saxons Sussex Hampshire Dorsetshire Devonshire and Cornwall Swane was Earl of Oxfordshire Berkeshire Gloucestershire Herefordshire and Somersetshire Harold was Earl of Essex Suffolk Norfolk Cambridge and Huntingtonshires Wulnoth and Hacun Son of Swane were Hostages with William Earl of Normandy for Godwin's good behaviour towards King Edward after Siward's death Tosti was made Earl of Northumberland and Girth and Leofwin possessed other places Godwin and his Sons That they were insolent toward the King and his Friends and usurped an equal share in the Government that they trisled with and abused the King's honest Intentions and Simplicity and made Jests on him Edward the Consessor A. D. 1051. These Factions and Animosities at Court were notably heightned by the following Accident [7.] Ib. b. n. 20. Eustace Earl of Bulloigne comes to visit King Edward Vpon his return one of his Herbingers quarrels with a Townsman of Dover or Canterbury and is slain Eustace and his Followers kill 21 of his Townsmen Eustace the Elder Earl of Balloigne who had married Goda Sister by the Fathers side to King Edward came into England to visit him and returning homeward at Canterbury as some report at Dover as others one of his Herbingers unadvisedly quarrelled with a Townsman or Citizen about Lodgings he was to take up for his Master and Retinue was by him slain the Earl to revenge his Servant's death and his Followers kill several of the Townsmen they flocking together for their own defence assault Eustace and his People and slay one and twenty of them he immediately posts to Court and makes his complaint to the King of the Injuries received who being incensed and the Master aggravated by the Norman Courtiers Godwin was (c) Florence of Worcester reports That Godwin being much moved and very angry that such things were done in his County or Government he and his Sons in their several Counties raised a mighty Army of which the King taking notice and being affrighted sent to Leofric and Siward to come to him being in great danger with what Forces they could raise c. A. D. 1051. fol. 627. sent for and commanded to march into Kent with an Army and punish the People of Canterbury or Dover who had likewise made their Complaints Complaints on both sides come to the King Godwin is commanded to punish the People of Canterbury or Dover He refuseth unless both parties were heard and represented their Case to him as their Earl he troubled to see Strangers more favoured by the King than Natives advised him first to summon the Chief men of the Town into his Court and charge them with Sedition where both Parties might be heard that if found in fault they might by Fine or loss of Life satisfie the King whose Peace they had broken and the Count whom they had injured or if otherwise they might be acquitted until this were done he refused to punish by Hostile Force and unheard those of his own Country which by his Office he was rather bound to defend He is summoned to answer his refusal before the Peers The King not pleased with his refusal ordered an Assembly of the Peers at Gloucester where the matter might be fully debated thither came the two great and famous Earls Leofric of the Mercians and Siward of the Northumbrians and all the Nobility of England except [9.] Malms de Gest R. R. fol. 45. b. n. 40. Godwin comes with an Army Godwin who suspected his own Cause or the Violence of his Adversaries with his two Sons Swane and Harold came with a great Army raised in his own and their Earldoms under pretence of subduing the Welch the King knowing of his arming Leofric and Siward at the King's request oppose him desired the assistance of Leofric and Siward who raising the force of their Countries checked Godwin's design who not knowing of this force boldly demanded [1.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1051. Eustace and his Followers the King delayed him with fair answers until the Mercians and Northern men advanced who were eager of fighting But Leofric and the more wise men interposed between the King and Godwin that Hostages given on both sides the cause should be again debated at London whither the King and Lords coming with their Army send for Godwin and his Sons who with their Forces were come to Southwark Servitium militum Quos per Angliam habebant Regi contradere Malmsb. f. 56. a. Lin. 1. Godwin and his Sons banished commanding their appearance with twelve Attendants only they refuse to appear before their Adversaries without Hostages yet deny not to disband their Souldiers or consign or make over their Service to the King or in any thing else to obey the King that might be agreeable to their Honour and Safety this answer not satisfying the King Godwin and his Sons by Edict within five days was to depart the Land who perceiving his numbers falling off readily obeyed and with his Wife Gytha and three Sons Swane Edward the Confessor A. D. 1052. Tosti and Girth passed over into Flanders to Earl Baldwin whose Daughter Judith [2.] Brompt col 943. Edward sends his Queen into a Nunnery Tosti had married his Sons Harold and Leofwin taking Ship at Bristol passed over into Ireland They depart into Flanders Edward pursuing his anger against Godwin put away his Wife Edith his Daughter and
Gemeticensis lib. 8. c. 29. THE REIGN OF King Stephen KING Stephen was third Son to Stephen [1.] Ord. Vit. f 573. D. 574. A. An. Do. 1135. Earl of Blois by Adela the fourth Daughter to William the Conqueror his Uncle King Henry made him Earl of [2.] Ibidem King Stephen Married the Daughter and Heir of the Earl of Bologn Mortaign in Normandy and gave him many Lands and Honours in England by reason of which Advantages and Preferments he became the Husband of the Daughter and Heir of [3.] Ibidem Eustachius Earl of Bologn After the death of King Henry he made haste into England and was too quick for Maud the Empress She was Daughter to Henry the First her Husband Geofry Earl of Anjou and her Brother Robert Earl of Gloucester who were delayed for some time with the Business of Anjou and Normandy [4.] Hen. Hun. f. 221. a. n. 50. Tempting God he invaded the Crown notwithstanding he had Sworn Fealty to the Daughter of King Henry as Inheritrix of the Kingdom of England And William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury who first sware to be faithful to her All the Bishops Earls and Barons consent to the Coronation of Stephen notwithstanding their Oath to Maud and do him Homage Crowned him on the 22 d of December King Henry dying the first of that Month in Normandy All the Bishops Earls and Great Men that made the same Oath to Maud assented to his Coronation and did Homage to him At that time he took an Oath â— First That after the deaths of [5.] Ibidem f. 221. b. n. 30 40. Stephens Oath at his Coronation Bishops he would never keep Bishopricks void for his own advantage but presently consenting â—to Canonical Election would invest Bishops in them â— Secondly That he would not retain the Woods of any Clerk or Layman in his hands as King Henry had done who every year impleaded or vexed them if either they Hunted in their own Woods or if for their own necessities they stubbed them up â—or diminished them â— Thirdly That he would for ever Release Danegelt that is two Shillings an Hide which his Predecessors were wont to receive â—every year Gervase of [6.] Col. 1340. n. 10. Canterbury says That coming over in a swift sayling Ship the People of Dover repulsed him and the Inhabitants of Canterbury shut their Gates against him and that the Londoners with some Great Men received him with Honour where in Discourse between Stephen and some of the Chief Men of England about the Succession of the Kingdom in the presence of William Arch-Bishop of Canterbury he said The Arch-Bishop scrupled the Coronation of Stephen and how he was satisfied Anno Domini 1135. That by reason of the Oath he had made to Maud the Empress he dare not Crown any other One of the most powerful Men of England standing by sware he was present when King Henry voluntarily and in good Faith released that Oath Which being heard Stephen was Elected by almost all of them and Crowned by Arch-Bishop William on the 22 d of December A more true and full Account how this Man obtained the Crown may be seen in the Exact History of Succession f. His Title such as it was he procured to be confirmed by the Popes Bull which may be found in the History of Richard Prior of Hagustald Col. 313. n. 30. He found a vast Treasure that King Henry had left [7.] Malmsb f. 101. a.n. 50. King Henry left a vast Treasure with that Stephen raised and maintained an Army of Strangers One hundred thousand Pounds in Money and Gold and Silver Vessels of all inestimable value This drew to him very many Soldiers especially out of Flanders and Brittany besides the English which at present so Established him as neither the Duke of Anjou nor his Brother in Law Robert Earl of Gloucester thought fit to attaque him who after [8.] Ibidem n. 40. Robert Earl of Gloucester doubtful what to do Easter came out of Normandy into England Being very thoughtful what to do if he should submit to King Stephen and acknowledge him then he should go contrary to the Oath he had made to his Sister if he did not submit he could have no opportunity of doing any thing for the advantage of his Sister and her Children [9.] Ibid. b. l. 5. n. 10. He doth Conditional Homage to King Stephen All the Noblemen had very freely submitted themselves therefore he dissembled for a time and did Homage to the King upon Condition that so long as he freely permitted him to enjoy his Dignity and Estate he should be true to him In the same [1.] Ib. n. 10. A. D. 1136. The Bishops sware Fealty to him upon Conditions year not much after the coming of the Earl the Bishops sware Fealty to the King so long as he should preserve the Liberty and Discipline of the Church And then he gave them a [2.] Ibidem n. 20 30. His Charter chiefly to the Church and what he granted by it Charter by which he obligeth himself to maintain inviolably the Liberties Ancient Customs Dignities and Priviledges of the Church and that it should enjoy all the Possessions and Tenures it had the day his Grandfather King William died He gave also leave to Bishops Abbats and other Ecclesiastical Persons to distribute and dispose of their Goods before their deaths When Bishopricks were void he granted that they should be in the Custody of the Clerks or other good Men of the Church until it was provided of a Pastor The Forests which his Grandfather King William and his Uncle King William had made or held he reserved to himself such as his Uncle King Henry had made or superadded he restored to Church and Kingdom All Exactions unjust Customs and Practises he prohibited and Commanded the good Laws ancient and just Customs should be observed This [3.] Ibidem n. 40. He confirmed his Charter by Oath but never kept it Charter was granted at Oxford in the first year of his Reign Anno Dom. 1136. to the observation whereof he bound himself by Oath but as the Historian noteth kept it not for he [4.] Ibidem seized the Treasure of Churches and gave their Possessions to Laymen He turned out the Incumbents His usage of the Church and Church-men and sold them to others he imprisoned Bishops and forced them to alienate their Possessions Abbies he gave and sold to unworthy Persons But 't is there said These actions are not so much to be ascribed to him as to such as advised and perswaded him And Monasteries never to want Money so long as the Monasteries had it The first that gave him any considerable Trouble was [5.] Gesta Stephan f. 934. A. 936. D. Baldwin de Redvers fortified Exceter Castle against him yielded for want of Victuals Baldwin de Redvers Earl of Devonshire and Lord of the Isle of Wight he
in the mean time gave him three Castles for his support Chinon Mirabell and Lodun and because his Son Henry was then absent he adjured all the Bishops and Noblemen present That his Body should not be buried until he had Sworn he would not violate his Will The Father being dead the Son comes to his Interment and being told by the Noblemen what Charge his Father left with them he long considered what he had to do At length all cried out it would be a perpetual Disgrace to him to suffer his Fathers Body to remain unburied with great Reluctancy he took the Oath But when he was fully possessed of the Kingdom of England he procured from Pope Adrian an Englishman [4.] Ibidem n. 60. Pope Adrian dispenceth with King Henry's Oath Absolution from it for which Reason not thinking himself obliged by it he neither took Care to satisfie his Fathers Will or Brothers Request in yielding to him the Earldom of Anjou Whereupon his Brother fortifies his Castles and makes Incursions into all King Henry's Countries round about them The King passed over Sea raised an Army besieged and took the Castle of Chinon and so humbled his Brother that he rendred all his Castles and had his Pardon [5.] F. 95. n. 40 50. Matthew Paris says they came to an Agreement and that Geofry quitted his Claim for 1000 l. Annuity of English Money and 2000 l. Anjovin and placeth this Action in the year 1156. Soon [6.] Brompton Col. 1049. n. 10. The City of Nantes choose Geofry the Kings Brother their Earl after the City of Nants in Britany not knowing who was their true Lord chose Geofry for their Lord and gave him the Dominion thereof and the Country about it but he lived not long to enjoy it After whose death Conan Earl of Richmond in England took possession of it The King hearing his Brother was dead went over into France and claimed Nants in his Right and as his Successor and gave Command his Earldom of Richmond should be seized It was in [7.] Chron. Norman f. 994. A. B. An. Do. 1157. A Treaty between the Kings of England and France Margaret the King of France his Daughter to be Married to Henry the Kings Son August he went over into Normandy and the first thing dispatched was a Treaty between him and Lewis King of France upon the River Epta in the Confines of France and Normandy concerning Peace and a Marriage to be had between Margaret the Daughter of Lewis and his Son Henry what they Agreed upon was Sworn to on both sides And from thence the King of England went to Argentom and on the Eighth of September summoned the Army of Normandy to meet at Abrinces on Michaelmass-day to go against Conan Duke of Britany to force him to render Nants that he had invaded In the mean time he was invited to the French Court at Paris where he was Entertained with all the Joy and Splendour imaginable and coming from thence he brought the Kings Daughter with him and delivered her to be kept and Educated by Robert de Newburgh Justiciary of Normandy Robertus de Novo-Burgho Dapifer Justitiarius Normanniae Chron Norm f. 996. A. On Michaelmass-day Conan Earl of Rhenes and Duke of Britany with his Britans came to Abrinces now Auranches and delivered to the King the City of Nants with the whole County or Earldom belonging to it In December following [8.] Ibidem f. 994. D. Theobald Earl of Blois makes Peace with King Henry Theobald Earl of Blois made Peace with King Henry and delivered the two Castles of Ambois and Freteval Rotroc also Earl of Perch gave up the two Castles of Molins and Bon-Molins which were the Demeasns of the Duke of Normandy which Rotroc the Father of this Earl had seized upon after the death of King Henry the First At the same time he granted to this Earl Bellism Castle for which he did him Homage He kept his Christmass at Cherbough where he came to meet his Queen [9.] Ibidem f 995. A. B. An. Do. 1158. Alienor who a little before was come out of England From thence he passed to the Castle of [1.] Ibidem King Henry takes the Castle of Bray A Match propounded between Richard Son to King Henry and the Daughter of the Earl of Barcelone Blaye seated upon a steep Hill over-looking the River Garonne where he met Raymond Earl of Barcelone with whom he made a League confirmed with both their Oaths by which it was mutually agreed That Richard the Kings second Son should at years of Maturity Marry the Daughter of Raymond and when the Nuptials were performed he was to have setled upon him the Dukedom of Aquitan This Raymond's Paternal Inheritance was the Earldom of Barcelone and by Right of his Wife he was King of Aragon which he reserved for his Son he had by her King Henry having made this Alliance declares his [2.] Ibidem 995. C. D. An. Do. 1159. The Title of King Henry to the City and Earldom of Tholose Title to the City and Earldom of Tholose which by his Wife was thus Her Grandfather William Earl of Poictou and Duke of Aquitan had Engaged them for a great Sum of Money which he spent in an Expedition into the Holy Land to Raimond Earl of St. Giles which Money he paid not but left the Debt upon his Son William the Father of Queen Alienor For non-payment of this Money Anfonsus Son of Raimond and after him Raimond Son of Anfonsus held the City and Earldom The King of France Married Alienor Daughter and Heir of the last Duke of Aquitan c. and demanded and was ready to possess himself of the City and Earldom of Tholose when Raimond the then Earl of St. Giles Married his Sister Constance King Henry offered the Mortgage Money See John de Sennes The great Army raised to pursue the Title of Tholose the Widow of Eustachius Son of King Stephen and by that means he was permitted to enjoy it King Henry Married Alienor after she was Lawfully Divorced from the King of France and had Issue Male by her then four Sons and from thence grew his Title and Pretence to the City and Earldom To obtain which as his Wives Inheritance he summoned the Force of all England Normandy Aquitan and the other Countries subject to him He carried not with him in this Expedition any Agrarian or Ordinary Soldiers nor Burghers or Rusticks but took [3.] Ibid. D. of every Knights Fee in Normandy Sixty Sols of Anjou Money and in England and his other Countries what he thought good His Capital Barons with few others accompanied him Solidarios Milites innumeros but he collected or raised Stipendiary Soldiers innumerable In this Expedition was Malcolm King of Scots who was Knighted by him and William King Stephens Son Raimond Earl of St. Giles allarm'd with this great Preparation desired Assistance of the King of France who
Baggage was taken which so fretted the King of France that he gathered together what Forces he could and was resolved to invade Brittain This affrighted the Earl so much that he desired a Truce till All-Saints following which was granted upon delivery of three Castles and upon condition that iâ— in that time the King of England came not personally to his Relief he should deliver all Britanny and his Castles there to the King of France In the mean time he sent to the King of England to know whether he would come over in person to his assistance If not He would deliver up all Britanny to the King of France King Henry refused to assist the Earl of Brittain any longer King Henry answered the Revenues of his Crown were not sufficient for the Defence of that Countrey as he found by the three last years expences and was wearied in being at so great charge to so little purpose When the Earl had received this Answer he went directly to the King of France with a Rope about his Neck and [8] Ibid. n. 40. Brittanny surrendred to the French acknowledged himself a Traytor and then surrendred to him all Britanny with the Towns and Castles The King of France told him he was a most wicked Traytor and accordingly deserved a most shameful death yet he would grant him Life and Britanny to his Son as long as he lived and after his death it should be annexed to the Crown of France When King Henry heard what he had done [9] Ibid. n. 50. The Earl of Brittain turns Pyrate He seized on all Rights and Honors that belonged to him in England This miserable Earl being thus spoiled of all his Honors and Revenues betook himself to the Seas and became an execrable Pyrate In the year 1235. King Henry at Christmass kept his Court at Westminster with very many Bishops [1] fol. 409. n. 40. A. D. 1235. and great Men of the Kingdom About Candlemass [2] Ibid. n. 50. Stephen Segrave and Robert Passelew paid each 1000 Marks but were not received into the Kings former Favour as they expected About Easter following Peter [3] fol. 410. n. 50. Peter Bishop of Winchester goeth to Rome to assist the Pope in his Wars Bishop of Winchester at the Popes command went to Rome to assist him in his Wars against the Citizens of Rome between whom and the Pope there was a very great difference The Pope well knew the Bishop was very rich and also experienced in Military Affairs being brought up under the Magnificent and Warlike King Richard in his Youth and understood better how to Fight then to Preach This year Isabell the Kings Sister was [4] fol. 414. n. 40. Isabell the Kings Sister Married to the Emperor Married to Frederic Emperor of Germany and was conducted to the Emperor by the Archbishop of Cologne and Duke of Lovain [5] fol. 417. n. 30. Her Portion 0â—â—00 Marks for whose Marriage the King received two Marks of every Plough-land and gave to the Emperor for her Portion 30000 Marks The Words are in Paris Rex cepit carucagâ—um duâ—s Marcas de Caruca But it ought to have been Rex cepit Scutagium duas Marcas de Scuto For there was never so great a Tax upon a Plough-land See the Prior of Coventry 's Plea Communia de Termino Sancti Hillarii 17 E. 3. with the Kings Remembrance in the Exchequer Est compertum etiam in quodam Rotulo compotorum Regis Henrici Titulato Auxilium Episcoporum Abbatum Priorum concessum ad sororem Regis Henrici maritandum Frederâ—co Imperatori videlicet de quolibet Scuto duas Marcas Two Marks of every Knights Fee In the year 1236 The King at Christmass [6] fol. 419. n. 50. A. D. 1236. The King Marries Alienor the Earl of Provence his Daughter kept his Court at Winchester and on the 14th of January was Married at Canturbury by Edmund Arch-Bishop of that place to Alienor Second Daughter to Reimund Earl of Provence and she was most splendidly and solemnly Crowned [7] fol. 420. n. 30. Queen at Westminster on the 19th of that Moneth After the celebration of the Nuptials was past the King went from London to Merton where he met his Great Men to Treat with them about the Affairs of the Kingdom At this time and place were made the Laws [8] Poultons Statutes f. 9. called the Statutes of Merton by the deliberation and consent only of the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and his fellow Bishops and the major part of the Earls and Barons by the Grant of the King Die Mercurii in crastino Sancti Vincentii in Curia Domini Regis apud [9] Annal. Burton f. 287 Merton Coram Domini Rege Henrico coram venerabili Patre Edmundo Cantuariensi Archiepiscopo Coâ—piscopis suis coram majori parte Comitum Baronum nostrorum Angliae pro Corona Domini Regis Reginae pro cummuni utilitate totius Angliae Provisum fuit tam a praedicto Archiepiscopo Episcopis Comitibus Baronibus quam a nobis concessum Quod de caetero isti articuli teneantur in Regno nostro Angliae Thither came the Emperors Messengers with Letters from him to desire the King without delay to send over [1] Paris f. 421. n. 50. The Emperor desires the King to send Richard his Brother to his assistance against France Richard Earl of Cornwal his Brother to his assistance against the King of France whereby the King of England might not only recover what he had lost but also much enlarge his Transmarine Dominions To whom the King by the advice of his Great Men returned this Answer That they could not judge it safe or expedient to permit one that was so young and the only and Apparent Heir Vnicus manifestus Haeres Regni of the Crown and hope of the Kingdom to expose his person to the hazards of War The Kings Answer and Excuse But if his Imperial Excellency would make choice of any other of the Nobility or Great Men of the Kingdom they would readily yield to his commands and give what assistance they were able Then the Messengers returned with this Answer to the Emperor Notwithstanding the Solemn Truce that had been made for two years from the 25 th of July The Truce between England and Wales violated of the Feast of St. James in the 18th of Hen. A. D. 1234. to the same day in the 20th of his Reign A. D. 1236. yet there were many Land Piracys committed in the time much Plundering and Robbing which they Termed interception for on the sixth of March that year Ralph * Append. n. 157. Commissioners appointed to inspect Damages Bishop of Hereford the Dean of Hereford Walter de Clifford and Walter de Beuchamp were again constituted Dictators of amends to be made for Damages done on both sides and for the Interceptions made as was said Prince Lewelin of Averfrau
Mareschalcy of his Brother Walter Mareschal Brother to to Gilbert late deceased applyed himself to the King for his Office and Inheritance But the King in great rage and fury denyed him both urging against him the Treasons and disobedience of his Brothers and his own undutifulness [9] fol. 573. n. 10. A. D. 1241 But at length through the intercessions of the Queen the Bishop of Durham and some other Noblemen He was prevailed with on the Sunday before All-Saints to restore him to the Honors Office and Estate of his Brother and to invest him with his Earldom and Marescalcie reserving only to himself two Castles in Wales Kaermarden and Cardigan which he Garrisoned to secure his new Acquisitions there This year [1] fol. 574. n. 10. and fol. 573. n. 50. Pope Gregory's death His Collectors were too nimble for King Henry August the 22. dyed Pope Gregory and the Emperor dispatched a Messenger to give King Henry speedy notice of it that he might seize the Money the Popes Collectors in England had gathered for his use but they were too quick for him and escaped into France with all their prey but were met with by the Emperors Servants taken and imprisoned and all their Money and Treasure paid into the Imperial Exchequer About the same time dyed [2] f. 574. n. 40. A. D. 1241. Alienor the Daughter of Geofry Earl of Britany having been kept in prison many years by whose death without Issue King Henry had a direct Title to the Crown which he had not before In the year 1242. A. D. 1242. King Henry at [3] fol. 578. n. 50. Peter of Savoy resigns up all his Castles into the Kings hands But is forced to be Governor of Dover Castle Christmass held his Court at Westminster where Peter of Savoy Earl of Richmond resigned up into the Kings Hands all those Castles that were committed to his custody lest his sudden advancement should displease the Great Men of England and then designed to return into his own Countrey but before he had taken Ship he was remanded by the King and was constreined to be Governor of Dover Castle This year the [4] fol. 579. n. 10 20 30. The Earl of March refuses to do Homage to the Earl of Poictou Earl of March refused to do Homage to Alphonsus Earl of Poictou the King of France his Brother and applyed himself to the King of England for Protection perswading him that by the help of the Poictovins and Gascoignians King of Arragon and Earl of Tholouse he might easily recover those lost Dominions The King giving credit to these fair pretences [5] Ibid. n. 40. King Henry is ingaged in the quarrrel and calls a Parliament at London Scripsit omnibus suis Magnatibus Angliae Archiepiscopis Episcopis Abbatibus Prioribus Comitibus Baronibus districtè praecipiens ut omnes generaliter Londinum die Martis proxiâ— ante Pâ—rificationem B. Virginis convenirent de Arduis negotiis dilationem non capientibus cum summâ deliberatione tractaturi Wrote to all his Great Men of England Arch-Bishops Bishops Abbats Priors Earls and Barons streightly Commanding them That they should all meet at London on Tuesday before Candlemass-day to Treat with great Deliberation of such difficult Matters as would not bear any delay The day after [6] Ibid. n. 50. Earl Richard returns into England Epiphany Richard Earl of Cornwal the Kings Brother Landed at Dover and was received by the King Quen and Nobility with all demonstration of Affection and Joy together with variety of presents Soon after his return to Court the Poictovins endeavoured what they could to incline him to a War with France for the recovery of Poictou and had confirmed the King in his resolution to Attempt it At the day appointed the [7] fol. 580. n. â—0 20 30 40 50. The Parliament are against the Kings engaging in a War with France Nobility of all England as well Prelates as Earls and Barons met at London according to their Summons Totius Angliae Nobilitas tam Praelatorum quam Comitum ac Baronum secundum Regium praeceptum est Londini congregata When they were assembled and understood that the Earl of March had moved the King to undertake a War against France they resolved to oppose both him and the Poictovins who advised it adding That they had been Taxed and Pillaged as the meanest of Slaves and what had been thus extorted was unprofitably spent and therefore would not consent any more Money should be granted to be so vainly wasted and consumed The King's contrivance to gain their conâ—ent ineffectual When the King saw he could not prevail with the whole he would try what he could do with them severally and sent for them one by one urging that such an one had promised so much and another the like but this stratagem only took with a few and proved ineffectual as to the Majority Then he attempted those Great Men that were his Favorites and Domestics urging that they were Military men and ought to be very desirous to have the antient Rights of the Kingdom recovered and to have injuries repressed by force of Arms therefore he wondred with what confidence they could oppose and desert him when he had promised and sworn to prosecute what he had undertaken They answered that great sums of Money had been granted already and the Profits of the Crown had been extraordinary and all this Treasure was wasted and spent and the Kingdom nothing advantaged by it [8] fol. 581. lin 1. Reasons against undertaking the War at that juncture Moreover they very much wondred he should undertake so hazardous a War without ever consulting his natural Subjects and that the Truce between him and France was not yet expired which they had both sworn inviolably to observe Besides those Great Men that advised him to this War were the King of France his Subjects and he could expect but little faith from such who had proved Traytors to their natural Prince Adding the unsuccessful Attempts that many of his Predecessors had made in this nature [9] Ibid. n. 10. The King resolved to persue the War When the King heard their Answer he was much moved and in great passion swore That their words should neither affright nor hinder him from prosecuting what he had designed but that after Easter he would pass over Sea and try the fortune of War and so the Parliament was Dissolved Paris inconsistent with himself in this matter This is the Monks own account of this Colloquium or Parlement wherein he mentions much ill and harsh Language which was given unto the King by the Great Men Face to Face But in the Relation that immediately [1] Ibid. n. 20 30 40 50. A different Account of this Conference folloâ—s this which he says was Written as a perpetual Memorial of the Baronâ— Answer to the King it appears they never spake or had Conference with the King
great Men of Ireland and therefore ordered them to secure the peace of that Nation and sent them further private instructions by Roger Waspail who carried these Letters to whom he Commanded them to give credit This is all I find worth noting concerning Ireland in this Kings Reign who appointed Couragious Justiciaries and other Officers by whose industry and by putting the English Laws in Execution that Nation was kept in peace and quiet The Issue of King Henry the Third EDward his [1] Paris f. 488. n. 30. Eldest Son by Queen Alienor of Provence who was King of England after his death was born at Westminster upon the 16th of June 1239. Edmund his Second Son by the same Queen [2] Ibid. f. 654. n. 20. born January 16th A. D. 1245. in the Thirtieth year of his Fathers Reign He was Earl of Lancaster Leicester Derby and Campaign Lord of Monmouth and Steward of England There are by some four more Sons named but if he had them they died young Margaret his [3] Pat. 36 Hen. 3. m. 1. Eldest Daughter was Married to the King of Scots Alexander the Second a Child of nine years old Beatrice his Second Daughter so named of her Grand-mother Beatrice Countess of Provence was [4] Paris f. 5â—4 n. 20. born at Bourdeaux in Gascoigne on the 25th of June A. D. 1242. and was Married to John de Dreux Duke of Britain in France and Earl of Richmond in England Katherine the Third Daughter was born [5] Ibid. f. 879. n. 10. at London on St. Katherines day or the 25th of November A. D. 1253. and died at five years of Age. FINIS THE APPENDIX DE Sententiis Judicum CHART XCIX VAUCO IN nomine Dei Forma progreâ—suâ— in judicio Antiquitates Alaman Tom 2. fol. 3. cum resideret Vnfredus vir inluster Rhetia was toward the foot of the Alps. Retiarum N. 1 Comes incurte ad campos in Mallo publico ad universorum causas audiendas vel recta judicia terminanda ibique veniens bomo aliquis nomine Hrothelmus proclamavit eo quod in Contra Direâ—tum Coâ— Drâ—ctum Coâ—tra Drutum Contra Droâ— Gallicâ— Testimonia 〈◊〉 Tâ—sâ—eâ— common in Barbâ—rous â—â—tin Contradrutum suum Mansum ei tollutum fuisset quod ei advenit à parâ—e Vxoris suâ— simul Flavino propriâ— suum fuisset legibus suum esse deberet quin jam de TradavioVxoris suae fuisset â—dcircò suum esse deberet tum prâ—dictus Comes Convocatis illa Testimonia qui de ipso Bâ—go erant interrogavit eos per ipsum fidem Sacramentum quam nostro Domino datam haberet quicquid exinde scirent veritatem diâ—eâ—ent At illi dixerunt per ipsum Sacramentum quod Domino nostro datum habemus scimus quia fuit quidem homo nomine Mado qui ibi habuit suum solum proprium cujus conâ—inium nos sciâ—us quiâ— adjacet confineâ—â—d ipsâ—m Mansom unde iste proclamat in quâ— illi arbore durem de uno lâ—tâ—re aquâ— câ—ngâ—t inter eos terminum est in petrâ—s in arboris ipse est Dominus Nam sicut illa â—dificiâ— dâ—sursum conjungâ—nt istorum hominum proprium est illorum legibus esse debet de parâ—e Avii illorum Quinti Tunc praedictus Comes jussit ut ipsa Testimonia suprâ— irent ipsos terminos ostenderent quod dâ—ebant Quod 〈…〉 feâ—erunt ipsos terminos firmaverunt qui inter illa dâ— Mansa â—ernebant Sed pluâ—imi ibidem adfuerunt Nobiles quos ipse Comes cum â—s direâ—erat quod omnia pleniter factum fuit Vt autem haec â—iâ—ita â—unt interrogavit ipse Comes illâ—s Scabinios quid illi de hâc causâ judicare voluissent At illi dixerunt secundum istorum hominum testimonium secundum vestram inquisitionem judicamus Vt sicut davisum finitum est terminis positâ—s inter ipsos Mansos ut isti homines illorum proprium habeant absque ulliâ— contradictione in perpetuum quod in Dominico dictum terminâ— divisum coram testibus fuit reâ—eptum sit ad partem Domini nostri Proptereâ— opporâ—num fuit Hrothelmo Flavino cum Hieredibus eorum ut exinde ab ipso Comite vel Scabinis tale Scriptum acciperent About the year of our Lord 807. in the Reign of Charles the Great qualiter in postmodum ipsom Mansom absque ullius contrarietate omni Tempore valeant possidere Actum curte ad campos Mallo Publico Anno 7 Imperii Caroli Augusti 37 regni ejus in Franciâ 34 in Italiâ Datum VII id Feb. sub Umfredo Comite faeliciter Amen Haec nomina Testum Valeriano Burgolfo Vrsone Stefano Majorino Valerio Leontio Victore Maurestone Frontiano Florentio Stipfone Valentiano Quintello Stradario Et haec nomina Scabiniorum Flavino Orsicino Odmaro Alexandro Eusebio Maurentio quam etiam aliis plurimis Ego itaque VAUCO rogitus Scripsi Subscripsi All old Judgments Processes and Charts were drawâ— up in Barbarous Provincial Latin without Congruity Syntax Propriety or Elegancy The Process and Judgment is thus Englished N. 1 IN the Name of God when Humfry the Illustrious Person Earl of Rhaetia in his Pavillion in the Fields in a publick Mall or Court sate to hear the Causes of all Men or to determine according to right Judgment there came a certain Man called Hrothelm and complained That against his Right he had an House or Farm taken from him which came to him by his Wife and Flavino and was properly his own and by Law ought to be his because he had it by Livery or delivery of his Wife therefore it ought to be his Then the foresaid Earl calling Witnesses or Witnesses or Jurors were the same in the old Feudal German Law Jurors that were of the very Country or Vicinage he asked them by the Faith and Oath they had made to our Lord that whatever they knew of this Matter they should speak the truth They said By the very This Oath was made to the Emperor who is here meant by Dominus Noster Oath we have given to our Lord we know because there was a certain Man called Mado who had there his proper Soil the bounds whereof we know because it adjoyns and lies next to the very House or Farm claimed upon which there was a great Tree and one side was compassed with Water and between them was a Boundary of Stones and Trees That is Hrotheâ—m He is the Master Lord Owner or Proprietor of it For as those Buildings are joyned above they are the Propriety of those Men and ought to be theirs by the Law in right of their Grandfather Quintus Then the foresaid Earl Commanded That the Witnesses or Jurors should go upon the place and shew the Bounds they mentioned which they did and fixed the Bounds which they saw between the two Houses or Farms and there were many Noblemen there present whom the Earl directed to
demands Ibid. D. He and his Sons banished Ibid. F. They much infest the English Coast fol. 133. D. The difference between the King and them composed Ibid. E. F. His sudden death f. 134. A. Gogmagog Hills a Roman Camp f. 48. B. Goisfrid Bishop of Constance Chief Justiciary of England f. 151. C. D. Gothrun King of the Danes converted to Christianity f. 115. B. Northumberland granted to him by Elfred Ibid. C. Gratian otherthrown and slain by Maximus f. 37. D. John de Gray Bishop of Norwich chosen by the Monks Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 474. E. The Suffragans oppose his Election f. 475. A. The Pope gave sentence on the Monks side Ibid. B. His Election nulled by the Pope f. 476. A. Walter de Gray chosen Arch-bishop of York and gave 10000 l. for his Pall f. 405 C. He was made Governor of England by Henry the Third f. 583. E. Gregory the Ninth made Pope f. 540. A. He voided and confirmed Elections of Bishops at his pleasure f. 542. B. C. A Tenth of all Moveables granted and paid him in England and Ireland Ibid. E. F. His Policy to get Money from the English f. 565. D. He Excommunicated Frederic the Emperor f. 572. C. He and the Conclave chose Robert Brother to Lewis King of France Emperor f. 573. F. His Demands of the Abbat and Convent of Burgh f. 577. C. The Monks Answer to his Demands Ibid. D. His Death 581. B. His Collector too nimble for Henry the Third Ibid. Griffin Son of Lewellin Prince of Wales treacherously used by his Brother David f. 578. lin 1. He offered to become Tenant to Henry the Third Ibid. A. and 579. C. His unfortunate Death f. 589. F. Ralph de Guader conspired against the Conqueror f. 20â— B. C. He was defeated and put to flight and his followers barbarously used Ibid. D. His Valour in defence of Bretevil Castle f. 249. D. E. Guido the first Legat ever the Pope sent into England f. 256. E. Baldwin de Gysnes Governor of Monmouth Castle defeated by Richard Earl Mareschal f. 557. A. H. HAdrian Saluted Emperor and came into Britain with an Army f. 27. C. He made a wall eighty Miles in length Ibid. D. Hageneth Castle taken f. 315. F. Harde-Cnute made King by the English and Danes f. 130. B. He laid a great Tax upon the Nation f. 130. C. His sudden Death Ibid. D. Harold sent into Normandy by the Confessor to do Fealty to Duke William f. 135. B. His Promise to Duke William to Marry his Daughter and to secure the English Crown for him Ibid. D. E. F. He was Crowned King by Aldred Ibid. His Answer to Duke Williams Messengers f 136. A. His success against his Brothers and other Enimies Ibid. B. C. He was overthrown and slain by Duke William f. 137. B. His Sons invade England f. 194. C. Hasculf attempted to regain Dublin f. 357. C. He was repulsed taken and beheaded Ibid. D. Helena mother to Constantine who she was f. 33. A. B. Hengest and Horsa Chiefs of the Saxons f. 94. A. Kent given to them for a reward Ibid. D. Henry the First King of England born f. 193. C. His Charter for holding County and Hundred Assemblies f. 144. E. He convened the County at his own pleasure f. 144. B. Controversies between great Barons reserved to his own Court Ibid. C. Various accounts of his ascending the Throne f. 233. C. D. E. He is Crowned he sealed a Charter and revoked Anselme f. 234 B. D. E. He was reconciled to his Norman Nobility f. 235. E. F. He made Peace with his Brother Duke Robert 236. B. C. He summoned several great men to their Trials f. 237. D. The great men of Normandy invite him thither f. 240. C. He setled Peace among them and rebuked his Brother Ibid. D. E. His second Expedition into Normandy and success there against Duke Robert his Brother f. 241. A. B. E. F. and f. 242. C. He sent his Brother Robert Prisoner into England f. 243. A. He resumed his Fathers Lands in Normandy Ibid. B. C. His Justice upon all Out-rages Rapes and Coyners f. 244. C. D. His Success against the Earls of Montfort and Anjou fol. 245. C D. F. A Peace made between him and the King of France f. 246. A. He made a Compleat Conquest of Normandy Ibid. B. C. He destroyed his Enemies Towns and Castles there and overthrew Lewis King of France f. 248. D. E. F. Pope Calixtus moved him in behalf of his Brother Robert His Answer f. 251. C. His Return into England and Marriage Ibid. F. and fol. 252. B. He defeated the Confederacy of the Norman great men Ibid. C. E. F. They submit to him and are received into Favour f. 253. A. He sent for his Daughter Maud the Empress Ibid. B. He was disturbed by Geofry Duke of Anjou his Son in Law f. 254. E. F. His Clemency and Bounty a little before his Death fol. 255. B. He named his Daughter Maud his Success or Ibid. C. His kindness to the Clergy and rigor to Seculars Ibid. E. His quarrel with Anselm about Investitures f. 257. A. B. E. He is reconciled to Anselm and parted with the right of Investitures f. 261. A. 263. B. His great Exactions to raise Monâ—y f. 261. C. D. He kept the Arch-Bishoprick of Canturbury five years in his hands after Anselm's death f. 265. E. He would not prefer any English Man f. 266. l. 1. He would not suffer a Legat to come into England until desired f. 268. A. 269. B. He confirmed the Canons of Councils Ibid. D. And compounded with Priests to lâ—t them live with their Wives Ibid. E. His Taxes and Impositions f. 270. His Issue Legitimate and Natural Ibid. C. D. f. 271. What Treasure he left f. 273 B. Henry 2d Eldest Son to Maud the Empress cometh into England and was Knighted by the King of Scots f. 288. D. E. f. 290. F. He received the Dukedom of Normandy f. 291. A. He married Alienor Countess of Poictou and secured Normandy and returned into England Ibid. D. E. F. 292. D. Overtures of Peace between him and King Stephen f. 292. F. The Terms on which the Accommodation was made f. 293. A. How he came to the Crown of England f. 298. C. He Banished Strangers and revoked the Crown-lands alienated by King Stephen Ibid. D. F. His Son Henry born f. 299. B. His Great Men swear Fealty to his Son William Ibid. He Subdued the Welch and received their Homage Ibid. C. D. He was absolved his Oath to his Brother Geofry by Pope Adrian f. 300. A. The Agreement between him and his Brother Ibid. B. Nants Surrendred to him by Conan Earl of Britany Ibid. E. And several other Castles yielded and taken Ibid. F. He claimed the Earldom of Tholouse f. 301. B. His Expedition to persue his Title and Success Ibid. D. E. f. 302. A. B. A Truce between him and the King of France Ibid. D. The Number and Pay of his
Death of his Queen and Son Ibid. C. F. A Peace and Agreement between him and Duke Henry fol. 293. A. His Death Ibid. B. Ecclesiastical Affairs in his Reign Ibid. D c. No Taxes or Subsidies in his Reign f. 297. A. His Issue Legitimate and Natural Ibid. B. C. D. Stephen the Popes Chaplain sent hither to Collect a Tenth promised by Henry the Third f. 542. C. He was opposed by all the Laity Ibid. E. He had Power to Excommunicate such as refused Ibid. F. He grievously oppressed the poor Clergy f. 543. A. Robert Fitz-Stephen in assisting Dermot was repulsed at Wexford fol. 352. A. B. E. The Agreement between him and Dermot renewed Ibid. D. Wexford surrendred and granted to him f. 353. A. He with Reymund and Maurice routed Prince Roderic and spoiled his Camp f. 358. B. C. He was taken Prisoner by a Trick Ibid. E. F. He was delivered to King Henry the Second and by him imprisoned f. 359. F. Cork granted to him and Miles Cogan f. 396. F. Sterling why so called f. 211. F. Stigand Arch-bishop of Canturbury deposed f. 212. F. Richard Strongbow Earl of Strigul his Agreement with Dermot Prince of Leinster f. 351. D. He landed in Ireland and obteined a bloudy Victory fol. 356. B. He Married Eva Dermots Daughter Ibid. D. He relieved Fitz-Stephen and delivered Dublin to Henry the Second f. 359. A. B. C. His Death at Dublin f. 365. C. He granted his whole Right and Title in Ireland to Henry the Second f. 374. D. William de Stutevill his Tryal for a Title to a Barony f. 465. F. Suetonius sent Lieutenant into Britain f. 18. B. His great Victory over the Britains f. 20. D. E. Sueves whence they came f. 38. B. F. They with the Alans and Vandals troubled the Empire Ibid. C. D. Suitors to Courts bound to attend under Forfeitures and Mulcts fol. 145. C. None to be Jurors but such as knew the Case Ibid. D. E. Sunnis what it signifies f. 76. D. Swaine King of Danemark invaded England f. 124. B. His success and cruelties Ibid. He imposed great Tributes on the People f. 125. A. F. Richard Sward fell under the displeasure of Henry the Third f. 555. A. He is again received into the Kings Favour and Council fol. 560. E. F. He was banished the Kingdom f. 564. E. T. TAncred King of Sicily Answered King Richards Demands fol. 428. D. He discovered the French Kings treachery to him f. 429. E. Tenures of the Saxons what they were f. 66 67 68. Most of ours from Normandy f. 156. A. Tenures of Homage when made easie and heritable f. 159. E. How many ways they became free and hèreditary f. 160. lin 1. In Franc-Almoigne Burgage Soccage Bordage and Gavel-kind Ibid. B. C. D. Terms and Vacations from whence f. 178. E. F. Testudo what it was and its use f. 7. F. Thainland what it was f. 80. D. Thames River frozen f. 293. B. Theft how punished by the Saxon Laws f. 63. B. Thegns or Tains were Military Men f. 70. C. and 80 B. C. D. Theobald Arch-bishop of Canturbury refused to Crown Eustachius King Stephens Eldest Son f. 292. A. He was forced to flee and his possessions were seized Ibid. B. His endeavors to reconcile King Stephen and Duke Henry fol. 293. F. He and other Bishops went to the second Lateran Council Ibid. F. Theodore made Arch-bishop of Canturbury by Pope Vitalian f. 106. C. He erected Latin and Greek Schools there Ibid. The whole English Church submitted to him f. 107. A. He erected Bishoprics and distinguished them into Parishes f. 107. A. Theodosius sent by Valentinian into Britain f. 35. C. His success against the Scots and Picts Ibid. He secured the Government of Britain f. 36. A. B. C. He was recalled and made Emperor f. 37. B. Thrinsa what it was f. 119. F. Thurstan Elect of York refused to make his profession to Canturbury f. 266. B. C. He desired the Kings leave to go to the Council of Rhemes f. 267. E. He procured his Consecration from the Pope Ibid. The King prohibited his return into England Ibid. F. He was at length permitted on conditions f. 269. A. Tiberius made no attempt upon the Britains f. 11. B. Tinn-Mines when first discovered in Germany f. 58. F. Tithes not paid in Augustins time f. 102. F. Of all England granted to the Church by Ethelwolph fol. 112. A. B. The Grant subscribed by all the Kings and Nobility of the Kingdom Ibid. C. Tithings why so called f. 84. F. Roger de Toenio opposed Duke William's Succession f. 186. B. He was overthrown and slain Ibid. C. Togodumnus slain f. 13. B. Tolls and Customs for what paid f. 209. D. Tosti Harolds Brothers made Earl of Northumberland f. 134. B. His Tyranny over the Northumbrians Ibid. F. He was driven out of his Earldom Ibid. Tower of London by whom built f. 203. A. Trebellius Maximus Lieutenant of Britain f. 21. C. Treviri who they were f. 35. B. E. Trinobantes who they were f. 9. F. They yielded themselves to Caesar Ibid. D. Henry de Trubleville sent by Henry the Third to Frederic the Emperors Assistance f. 571. A. Tryal by Ordeal Oath Battle and Decretory Morsel f. 65 66. Tryals under 40 l. value where had f. 144. D. In the Conquerors time for Church-Lands and Tithes fol. 141. A. c. Between Men of the same Jurisdiction how and where fol. 145. A. Between Men of different Jurisdictions where Ibid. B. By Juries used at the making of Domesday f. 146. F. By Assise when first introduced f. 147. lin 1. By Ordeal when prohibited Ibid. B. C. By Battle or Duel when claimed Ibid. F. Who allowed to undertake it f. 148. C. The punishment of the vanquished Ibid. E. A Writ of seisure granted the Victor f. 149. lin 3. In criminal Cases when allowed Ibid. B. When Appellant or Defendant were vanquished how punished Ibid. D. By Combat in Civil or Criminal Cases under whose Direction Ibid. E. From whence and by whom Instituted f. 150. C. Tungrians who they were and where they dwelt f. 26. B. Turkill a great Commander among the Danes f. 125. l. 2. Richard de Turnham his Controversie with the Bishop of Durham fol. 456. A. B. Robert Tweng alias Thing plundered the Italian Clercs of their Corn and Money f. 548. D. He justified what he had done before the Inquisitors fol. 549. A. B. U. VAcation when and wherefore appointed f. 179. B. C. Vandalls from whence they came f. 37. F. Vectius Bolanus sent Lieutenant into Britain f. 22. A. He gained the Affections of the Britains Ibid. Vendome taken by Henry the Second f. 316. E. Alberic de Ver his defence of King Stephen before the Popes Legat f. 277. E. F. 278. D. Veranius made Lieutenant of Britain f. 18. B. Verulamium plundered by the Britains f. 19. E. Vespatian rescued by his Son Titus from great danger f. 13. A. He fought the Britains thirty times and took the Isle of
176. l. 8. r. Wauz f. 188. l. penult r. Tosti f. 189. l. 20. r. Daubin f. 191. l. 42. r. Praefectures Ibid. note l. 5. r. Saâ—rapa f. 205. in marg against the figure 6. r. Doctorem f. 207. l. penult r. three f. 213. l. 34. r. fifth f. 248. l. 43. r. Mauley f. 255. in note k r. Oppidani f. 301. in marg A. r. Blaye Ibid. in marg C. r. Serres f. 307. l. 3. r. Britans f. 314. l. 15. dele against it f. 318. l. 17. r. Ansâ—betil f. 348. l. 43. insert Wireliacum f. 384. l. 29. dele Smade f. 466. l. 16. r. Consilio Regâ—i f. 477. l. 21. after upon insert him f. 514. l. 2. after Castle insert of Cambridge f. 524. l. 15. r. Servientes f. 549. l. 20. r. arrived f. 575. l. 42. r. He. f. 592. l. antepenult r. what f. 613. l. 21. after would r. not take effect f. 627. r. Esparnier f. 646. l. 16. after not said dele who A Catalogue of the Authors used in this History with an account what they were when they wrote and where to be found JVlii Caesaris Commentaria Lugduni Bataâ—orum 1651. Historiae Augustae Scriptores Sex Lug. Bat. 1661. Lipsius his Tacitus Antverpiae 1648. Tacitus [1] Cluveâ— lib. 1. Antiq. German fol. 3. 88. he was Procurator Belgii was Equestris Ordinis amongst the Romans and employed in many publick Offices in the Empire He wrote his Book de Moribus Germanorum 100 years after Christs Birth and about 130 years after Caesar wrote his Commentaries Suetonius per Schildium Lugd. 1656. Herodian Printed by Stephans 1581. He flourished about the year of Christ 224 in the time of Alexander Severus the Roman Emperor Amianus Marcellinus [2] Am. Marcel Histor in fine Testimon ante Histor impress Lugd. 1591. he was a Greek and a Soldier in the Roman Army under Constantinus and Julian in Gallia and Germany a constant Companion of Vrsicinus in the Wars of Europe and Asia He wrote thirty one Books of History and began with Nerva where Tacitus left off whom he strove to imitate Of which the thirteen first Books are lost the other eighteen remain beginning in the eighteenth year of the Empire of Constantius Son of Constantine the Great Anno Domini 354. and ending [3] Chronol Marcell in fine Historiae with the Death of the Emperor Valens Anno Domini 378 and of his Empire the fourth Eutropius [4] Eutrop. ib. 10. de se was a Greek and Contemporary to Marcellinus and a Soldier under Julian the Emperor and was with [5] Vineti Epistola ante Eutrop. Basil 1554. him in his expedition against the Parthians Anno Domini 363 and wrote his Breviarie [6] Testimon ante Marcell Lugd. 1591. of the Roman History at the Command of Valons the Emperor unto his Time Cassiodorus was [7] Trithem p. 94. Senator of Ravenna Consul of Rome and Chancellor to Theoderic King of Italy afterwards leaving the world was made a Monk and Abbat of a Monastery in Ravenna he was born Anno Domini 480. and dyed Anno Domini 575. Amongst other thing he wrote in twelve Books various forms of Epistles and Creations of Magistrates and other things according to the use of those times he lived in Gregory Bishop of Tours [8] Histor Frank. Vet. by Marquard Freâ—er Hano A. D. 1613. flourished in the time of Maurice the Emperor about the year of our Lord 600. and wrote ten Books of History besides other things In the beginning of Corpus Beda [9] Trithem p. 107.108 a Benedictin Monk of Wiremuth he wrote very many Books and Treatises amongst the rest the Ecclesiastical History of England he dyed Anno Domini 732. according to Pitsius [1] Pitâ—us p. 119. 734. aged Seventy two years Alcwin [2] Helvic A. D. 780. fol. 114. a Domestic in the Family of Charlemaign his great Familiar and as some say Preceptor to him by whose advice he founded the University of Paris A. D. 791. or 792. according to Isaac-son He was Bedes Scholar A Ms Book in Caius Coll. Library says he wrote Charlâ—mâ—igns life and only such things as he saw and was present at as he says in his Prologue Eginhartus [3] Vid. Tit. istius libri Advenâ— in Histor Bojo f. 181. Chancellor or Secretary to Charlemaign wrote four Books of his life Printed in Quarto at Lipsig without date and in Fol. amongst the Veteres Scriptores German Hanoviae 1619. This is the same Book that bears the name of Alcwin and these might be divers names of the same person for Eignhart weary of the world [4] The lives of the Authors in the 1 st Vol. of old Germ. Writers built a Monastery at Selingstat in the Dioecese of Ments and was the first Abbat of it whence he might take upon him the name of Alcwin he was living after Charles the Great in the Reign of Ludovicus pius Aimonius [5] In Aimonius his Epistle Dedicatory wrote four Books de Gestis Francorum of the Acts of the French and drew down his History to Pipin Father of Charles the Great The whole fifth Book and part of the fourth though they bear his name were wrote by others He lived about the year 872 and upwards Adelmii or Ademarii [6] At the beginning of Corpus Hist Fran. Printed at Franckfort 1577. a Benedictin Monk a Contemporary to or one that lived not long after Aimonius He wrote the Annals of Pipin Charles the Great and Ludovicus Pius Kings of France Others think they were wrote by Acwin an English Deacon a Domestic of Ludovicus Pius and Praeceptor to Charlemaign Wilichind a Monk of the Abby of Corbey a German wrote from the beginning of the Saxons to the Death of Otho the first Emperor of Germany Anno Domini 973. Corbey Abbey was built by [7] Sigebert de vita Witich Theodoric de Neim f. 803. B. Charlemaign in the Circle of Westphaly near the Weser and the Abbot thereof [8] Mercator in Circulo Westphalic Trithem p. 130. is one of the Ecclesiastic State or order of that Circle Dudo Dean of St. Quintins in Picardie He [9] In Praefat. Hist Script Norman wrote the Lives of the three first Norman Dukes or Earls Rollo William the First his Son and Richard the First Williams Grandchild He lived in the time of Richard the First who [1] In the Hist f. 158. B. dyed in the year 1002 and began his History at his Command and finished it after his Death by order of Richard the Second his Son Wippo was Capellane [2] De seipso in Praefat. in Vit. Conradi c. to Conradus Salicus who was chosen Emperor Anno Domini 1024. and wrote his life and such things only as he saw and heard from very credible persons amongst the German Historians put out by Pistorius and printed at Frankfurt 1607. Gulielmus [3] Gemet lib. 7. c. 44.
Heraclitus as Spartian and the North part to Virius Lupus where the Meatae Spart in Sev. c. 6.339 Dio. lib. 75. (p) The Inhabitants of Northumberland and the Lower parts of Scotland near Hadrians Wall assisted by the (q) The Inhabitants of the North parts of Scotland Maeatae Caledonians Camb. Brit. 701. beyond Antoninus Pius his Wall attributed to Severus now commonly called Grahames-Dike Caledonians withstood him and forced him to purchase Peace with Money Not long after the Emperor was informed by Letters from the Prefect of Britain Virius Lupus That the Barbarous People Herod lib. 3.82 by Incursions wasted the Country and that there was need of a greater Force or his Presence to repel them Severus goes into Britain Severus joyfully receives this News and being naturally desirous of Glory after his Victories in the East he prepares to erect Trophies in Britain and besides to take off his Sons whom he carried with him from the Pleasures of Rome Aged as he was and much afflicted with the Gout There 83. being for the most part carried in a Horse-Litter yet came thither sooner then he was expected The Northern Britains daunted at his coming and the Forces brought with him as also with other great preparations against them sent Ambassadors to seek Peace and to excuse their former Delinquency Severus Antoninâ—s Bassianus Caracalla c. Geia c. But he purposely delaying them being ambitious of Victory and the Name of Britannicus while he prepared all things for War and then dismissed and sent them home with an ineffectual Answer Anno Dom. 209. Severus desires the Name of Britannicus Herod lib. 3.83 Dio. lib. 76. His first care was to lay Bridges over the Bogs and Morasses that his Soldiers might stand firmly pass easily and fight safely and having Marched his Army beyond the Rivers Bulwarks and Rampiers which distinguished the Roman Limits from the Barbarous Britains or into Caledonia as Dio there were many Tumultuary Fights and Skirmishes the Romans being every where Victors but the Britains easily saved themselves by retreating into their Fastnesses There lib. 76.867 His great Labor to Conquer the Britains Q. How these two Reports agree amongst the Woods and Bogs almost naked yet Dio reports this Expedition into Caledonia somewhat otherwise and says That he passed thorough it with great difficulty and that to make his way he cut down Woods digged through Hills made Causeways over Bogs and Fens and Bridges over Rivers that there was no Fight or Battle nor did the Enemy ever draw out upon them or appear in a Body they only sometimes turned out some Sheep and Oxen thereby drilling the Romans into Ambushes by which means and by reason of the Difficulty of the March many being killed by themselves that were not able to continue it there died Fifty Thousand yet did not Severus give over till he came to the utmost parts of the Isle although by reason of his Age and Weakness he was carried in a Horse-Litter forcing the Britains to make their Peace The Britains yield up part of their Country and make Peace Burton upon Anton. Itener 63. Severus Repairs Hadrianus Wall Spart in Sev. c. 18.355 Camb. Brit. 652. There 868. by yielding up a great part of their Country Conditioning also to lay down their Arms to contein themselves within their own Mountains and that they would make no Inroads or Invade the Roman Province which he had by the help of the Sixth Legion Bounded and Fortify'd with a Stone Wall of 12 Foot high and 8 Foot Thick with Towers and Battlements in the same place and Tract of Ground where Hadrians Wall was and drew it from Sea to Sea from whence he was called Britanicus the Ruines of which Cambden viewed When he returned into the Province he committed the Government thereof for Civil Causes to his youngest Son Geta Aemilius Paulus Papinianus the Famous Lawyer being appointed to assist and direct him Zosin lib. 1.6 Papinianus appointed Governor to Geta. who as Chief Minister of Justice under him had his Tribunal at (r) The City of York Histor August varior 745. which was the Station of the Beloved Legion of Severus called Sexâ—a Vectrix Eboracum To Bassianus Antoninus the Eldest he commits the Command of the Army But no sooner was Severus come from amongst them but the Britains Arm again wherefore he calls together his Soldiers Commands they should Invade them Severus Voweth Anno Dom. 212. and kill Man Woman and Child yet before his Commands were executed worn out with Labors Old Age Infirmities and Grief for the wickedness of his Son Antonine he died at Eboracum Herod lib. 3.85 After whose Death Antoninus Caracalla his Impious Son put to Death the Physitians because they dispatched not his Father according to his Commands Caracalla his Cruelty nor did his Cruelty spare any one that had been advanced by or shewn any respect or honor to his Father he practised by Bribes and Promises with the Soldiers Antoninus Bassianus Caracalla c. and Geta c. Divus Aurelianus Aurelius Probus Carinus Dioclesian and Maximianus An. Dom. 209 271 278 c. to declare him sole Emperor which when he could not effect for the kindness and affection they had for his Father who had appointed his Brother Geta equal with him in the Empire he made Peace with the Britains received Hostages and departed to Rome From this time of his leaving the Island all Authors are silent concerning what was done here for many years together only 't is thought some of the 30 (Å¿) So they called all the Chiefs and Leaders of Rebels Tyrants as Lollianus Victorinus Posthumus the Tetrici and Marius in the Reign of Gallienus might Usurp the Government here where their Coyns have been found in great quantities In the time of Aurelianus Proculus and Bonosus at Agrippina Camb. Brit. 50. (t) Colonia Agrippina Colon upon the Rhene in Germany the Chief City of that Electorate Invaded the Empire and Usurped Britain Spain and (u) Afterwards called Gallia Narbonensis it contained those parts of France which are now called Languedoc Savoy Dauphine or Delphinate and Provence Britan. 50. Gallia braccata The latter of whom being overcome and vanquished by Probus hanged himself and gave the occasion of the Jest An. Dom. 265. An. Dom. 271. c. Vospic in Probo c. 18.942 Probus Idem in Bonoso c. 15.971 Zosin lib. 1.36 That there was a Pitcher hanged up not a Man he being noted for his excessive Drinking After that Probus by the means of Victorinus a Moor prevented another Rebellion in Britain for calling to him Victorinus he upbraided him with the Seditious Practises of him whom he had recommended to him for (x) Thought by Cambden to be Coâ— Lalianus Governor of Britain and sent Victorinus to Correct him who by a witty Stratagem not mentioned by the Author slew the Traytor Ibid. lib.
Drepanum and that Helena was the Daughter of Constantius's host when he lodged there in his Expedition against the Persians and Sarmatians Firmicus affirms he was born at Naisus (e) Now Nisi or Nissam in Upper Moesia which was noted before a Town in upper Moesia But I leave these Controversies to those that think it worth their trouble to examine who are in the right and return to the great Constantin who Govern'd the Empire by Four Pretorian Prefects Ibid. 63.64 which he Instituted and committed the Civil Administration of Britain to Pacatianus Vicar to the Praetorian Praefect of Gallia Cam. Brit. 53. and being called from thence by the War against Maxentius he carried over the Alpes into Italy an Army of Germans (f) People that Inhabited Gallia Celtica afterward Lugdunensis which is that part of France which lyeth between the Rivers Loire and Sein it also conteined both the Burgundies Dutchy and County and some part of Switzerland c. They also were whether at first or in process of time seated in Spain Italy and most parts of Europe Celts and Britains consisting of 90000 Foot and 8000 Horse by which Zos lib. 2.50 and other Recruits drawing the Guards from the limits of the Empire in Gallia Germany and Britain Ibid. 65. Camb. Brit. 53. Constantin Drawes the Garrisons from the Limits and Frontires into Inland Towns An. Dom. 315. and removing them also from the Frontires into Inland Towns and Cities which filled with Soldiers were abandoned by the Inhabitants he opened a way for Invasions and Incursions into the Western Empire and the Province in Britain and by which means the Soldiers also in their new Quarrers growing soft and voluptuous he laid the Foundation of the Ruin of the afterwards declining Empire About the 9th of his Reign saith Sir Hen. Spelman Concil 39. out of Sirmondus he commanded a Council to be held at Arles in France where were present Three British Bishops Eborius of York Three British Bishops at the Council of Arl â— Anno Dom. 330. Socrat. lib. 1.209 214. Restitutus of London Adelfius of Camelodunum or Maldon Sacerdos a Priest and Arminius a Deacon who brought with them the Canons of this Council into Britain that they might be observed there Constantin likewise called the General Council at Nice in Bithynia and Wrote into Britain amongst other Countries for the observation of such things as were determin'd and decreed there Constantinus Magnus Constantius and Julianus Apostate An. Dom. 315. and also directed his Epistle to the People that upon pain of Death they should burn all Arius his Books By Testament he divided the Empire after his Death between his Three Sons Constantinus Constantius Spel. Concil 43 45. Constantine Writes to have the Council of Nice observed Anno Domini 337. He dyed this year upon Whitsunday Zosim lib. 2.69 Constantin Junior Murther'd Anno Domini 340. Ibid. 70. Ibid. 71. Ibid. 78. and Constans he was Interred at Constantinople and his Funeral Pomp attended by Constantius In the Division of the Empire by Constantin the Great France Spain and Britain were assigned to his Eldest Son Constantin Junior but by the contrivance of his Brother Constans after he had enjoy'd them Three years he was Murther'd who then Usurp'd that part of the Empire yet before he was well establish'd Magnentius rises up against him and by his order one Gaiso with a Select Company dispatcht him at a Town named Helena by the Pyrenaean Mountains Magnentius being seized of the greatest part of the Empire Constantius comes out of the East part of it which was appointed to him by his Father to make War upon him and beating Magnentius from place to place being deserted of all and not able to support his greatness he Killed himself After whose Death Britain submitted it self to Constantius and then Martinus was deputed there under the Praetorian Praefect who disturbed and offended at the Inhuman Cruelty of Paulus Catena Camb. Britan. 54. out of Am. Marcellin who was sent an Inquisitor to find out what Officers and Soldiers had Conspired with Magnentius accusing the Innocent as well as the Guilty that he might Inrich himself by extorting Money from them Martinus commiserating the condition of such as he knew Innocent interceded with Paulus persuading and beseeching him to spare them or otherwise he would depart the Island who fearing he might be as good as his word Accused the Vicar himself that he was in the Conspiracy and urged that he might be laid hold on and carried bound to the Emperor Martinus much moved with such Reproaches or perhaps not altogether Guiltless drew his Sword and struck at Paulus but failing to kill him turned the Point upon his own Breast and killed himself Julianus Apostata Son of Constantine Junior Brother to Constantius Afterward Julian the Apostate being declared Caesar by Constantius and his Collegue in the Empire the Government of Gallia Britain c. was committed to him who residing then at Paris upon the News of the Incursions of the Scots and Picts into the Province and Complaints of the Spoyls and Outrages they commited there Am. Marcell lib. 20. c. 1. he sent Lupicinus to repel them and settle the Country not daring himself to pass into the Isle lest the Gauls and Alemains in his absence should Revolt being without a Governor Lupicinus came with an Army to Bologne where Shipping his Men with a fair Wind he arrived at (g) Rhutupiae the same with Portus Trutusensis in Tacitus now Richborowe near Sandwich in Kent Rhutupiae and Marched to London that from thence he might proceed whither his Business carried him The Christians in Britain disturbed by Arianism Anno Domini 359. About this time the Arian Heresie crept into Britain which mightily disturbed the Peace and Quiet of the Christians there in Favor of which Constantius commanded a Council of 400 Bishops of the Western Church to meet at Arminium Valentinianus Primus and Valens Anno Dom. 364. c. where there were Three Bishops only out of Britain which by reason of their Poverty accepted the Emperors Allowance of Diet while they staid there all others refusing it Constantius died of a Fever in October Three British Bishops at the Council of Arminum Sulp. Sever. Hist Sacr. Amstel 1656. lib. 2.109 Amm. Marcel lib. 21. cap. 15. lib. 22. c. 2. Amm. Marcel lib. 26. c. 1. An. Dom. 364. Valentinian and Valens Anno Dom. 362 and left by Will Julian his Successor Jovianus Succeeded Constantius and Julian whose Reign was short and I find nothing noted concerning Britain in his time After him Valentinian by the Unanimous Consent both of Military and Civil Power was chosen Emperor who declared his Brother Valens Augustus and made him Emperor of the East He himself Ruling in the West where while he was passing from the (h) Amiens or the People about Amiens in France seated upon the River Some
Areani were found guilty in this Conspiracy who being corrupted with Rewards often discover'd the condition of the Roman Affairs to the Barbarous People Ibid. lib. 28. c. 7. Theodosius recall'd Theodosius after these Atchievements being recalled was accompanied to the Sea-side with the general Favor and Applause of all Men and passing the Sea with a gentle Gale came unto Valentinian by whom being receiv'd with much joy and affection he was made * Here to describe this Office Master of the Horse in the room of Valens Jovinus sometime afterwards Froamarius whom Valentinian had made King of the (r) They were Inhabitants of the Town and Country of Weisbaden on the North-side of the Rhene right against Ments an Appendant of the County of Nassaw or the Country thereabouts Bucino-bantes Ibid. lib. 29. c. 9. Anno Domini 374. upon fresh Excursions and Devastations made upon the new acquired Country was sent hither with power of Tribute over the Alemans which were then much valued for their Number and Courage Gratian the Eldest Son of Valentinian by Severa Gratianus Valentinianus Junior Theodosius Anno Dom. 374. growing towards a Man his Father made him his Collegue in the Empire and he succeeded him after his Death with whom Valentinian the younger his half-Brother by his Step-Mother Justina but then four years old was elected his Partner in the Empire by advice of the Council and General consent of the Army Ibid. lib. 27. c. 5. Anno Domini 37. Ibid. lib. 30. c. 12. Zosim lib. 4.751 Anno Dom. 379. Theodosius chosen Emperor by Gratian and Ruled in the East Zosim lib. 4.760 But Gratian finding his Affairs perplexed the Goths and other Barbarous People Invading the Empire on one side and the Nations upon the Rhene Infesting it on the other not thinking himself sufficient for the Administration of it after the Death of his Uncle Valens chose Theodosius Son to that Theodosius that had so bravely behaved himself in Britain to be his Consort and sharer with him in the Empire who Ruled in the East Things being in this state and condition Gratian being an easie Prince listening to Flatterers and such as are wont to corrupt and debauch the kind and mild dispositions of Princes received into his favor and into the Army certain Renegado (Å¿) People of Europaean Sarmatia and thought by some Alans Who to have Inhabited that Country which is now called Lithuania but more rightly they were Seated near the Alanian Mountains not far from the head of Tanais Alans unto whom he gave great Rewards and trusted them with the Management of his greatest Affairs neglecting at the same time his own Soldiers who for this cause began to Murmur against and hate him the Soldiers thus kindled against him especially those in Britain and excited by Maximus a Spaniard by Birth Maximus Excites the Soldiers to Sedition and fellow Soldier with Theodosius there who taking it ill that Theodosius should be thought worthy of the Empire and himself not thought fit to have any honorable Employment in the Government more and more irritated the Soldiers against Gratian and they being ripe for Sedition were easily prevailed upon to Salute Maximus Emperor Anno Dom. 381. He is Saluted Emperor Zosim Ibid. and having deliver'd him the Imperial Diadem and Purple they forthwith passed the Sea with him to the Mouth of the River Rhene the Armies in Germany and the Neighbor Nations with much satisfaction approving the Design Gratian prepares to suppress this Rebellion and Fight Maximus but being deserted by the Army he had gather'd together seeing his Affairs desperate he fled with 300 Horse toward the (t) Mountains that separate Germany and France from Italy Alpes and from thence through (u) Singidunum rather a City of Upper Moesia seated upon the Danube Six Leuâ—s Eastward from Taurinum or Belgrade now called Zendorin of the Greeks Simedro and in Modern Latin Semandria Rhaetia Noricum Pannonia toward (x) Then the Second City of Italy and Chief of the Carni now Aquilegia seated on the North-East part of the Top of the Gulfe of Venice and in that Dukedom Upper Moesia whether being pursued by Andragathius Master of Maximus his Horse passing the Bridge at (y) They were Northern People Vandals Whence Sheringhâ—m de Orig. Angl. 210. Ibidem who came out of Scythia from about the Lake Maeotis and River Tanais c. and were of Gothic original they were called Vandals from the word Wandelen signifying to Wander or rove up and down because they often changed their places of abroad at last they fixed upon and near the Coasts of the Baltic Sea toward Germany which from them with many other North-East Countries adjoyning was called Vandalia aâ— Meckleburgh Pomerania Polonia Silesia c. Sigisdunum Gratian slain he was overtaken and slain Theodosius at the Instance of Justina Mother to Valentinian Anno Dom. 3â—3 prepares to encounter Maximus whose Army being defeated in Pannonia he fled to Aquileia Theodosius Major Valentinianus Secundus Honorius Arcadius Anno Dom. 383 c. where he was taken deliver'd to Theodosius and presently put to Death and to young Valentinian was restored whatsoever his Father or his Brother Gratian had possessed The Scots and Picts taking advantage when the Army and the Flower of the British Youth was transported by Maximus most of which were either slain An. Dom. 388. Zosim lib. 4.769 770. Young Valentinian restored Gildas c. 11. The Scots and Picts invade Britain They Waste it Socrat. Hist lib. 7. c. 12. or seated themselves in Amorica now Britanie in France miserably spoiled and wasted the Province for the opposing and reducing of whom Chrysanthus the Son of Marcian Bishop of Constantinople was made Vicar in the British Isle who behaved himself worthily and with great praise but whether he totally subdued these Northern Enemies or whether Stilicho who was by Theodosius appointed Tutor and Governor to Honorius after his Death or some other sent by him as Claudian seems to affirm reduced them it no where it appears not long after the Empire being distressed the Legion for this purpose sent into Britain was recalled Chrysanthus sent to repress them and Stilicho Claud. Paneg. 2. de laud. Stilich Anno Dom. 395. The Legion sent with them recalled The Vandals c. Invade Gallia and Germany Zosim lib. 6.824 825. They Affright the British Forces Anno Domini 409. They Mutiny and set up Marcus Gratianus and Constantin successively He transports the British Army into Gallia Soâ—omen lib. â— c. 15. Constantin taken Anno Dom. 413. and put to Death Aâ—â—icola intrâ—ceth Pelagâ—anisme into Britain An. Dom. 429. Bede lib. 1. c. 17. and the (z) Sueves Whence People of the same Origin with the Vandals so named from the Word Schweben of the same signification with Wandelen and might be the same People under divers Names for they are also affirmed by very good
to have staid so long Alfrid his Son Wilfrid received again his Bishoprick at the King's Invitation but after five years being accused by the King himself and very many Bishops But received again by King Alfrid And five years after removed again An. Dom. 685. he was again thrust out of his Bishoprick When also appealing to Rome he was by Pope John the Sixth and many Bishops judged in some things objected against him to have been falsly accused insomuch that the Pope wrote to Alfrid to restore him to his Bishoprick [9.] Ib. fol. 447. Alfrid contemns the Popes Letter c. who contemning the Message he brought refused to receive him yet after his death he was restored after some bandying and agitation of his cause [1.] Ibidem He was restored by a Synod after his death by a Synod called under his Son Osred [2.] Ibid. 446. A pretended Vision help'd much towards his Restitution A pretended Vision he had in his return out of Italy much help'd toward his Restitution in which he said Michael the Archangel appeared unto him in a great Fit of Sickness he had at Meldae now Meaux upon the River Marn ten Leagues from Paris and told him he should be recovered from death and also be restored to a great part of his Possessions which had been taken from him in England and end his life in peace This Vision he discovered to his great Confident and Companion to Rome Acca a Priest who without doubt made the best advantage of it in those credulous times There accompanies this Story of Wilfrid in Spelman's Councils Tom. 1. fol. 163. and Labbe's Councils Tom. 6. col 576. taken from the former The Priviledge of the Abbey of Medehamsted alias Peterburgh a Priviledge granted by Pope Agatho to the Abby of Medeshamstede now Peterburgh wherein 't is said in the person of Agatho and as a Constitution of his that the Abbat of that Monastery should be the Legate of the Roman See through all England and that such as had made a vow of Pilgrimage to Rome and were hindred by Sickness or by any other impediment or necessary cause if they came hither they might receive the same Absolution and Remission which they should have received at Rome This Priviledge Sir Henry Spelman had out of a Saxon M. S. belonging sometimes to that Abby which he hath translated The Priviledge in the Saxon Tongue and says he never saw the Latin Original But now that is extant in Dugdale's [6.] Vol. 1. fol. 66. And in Latin Monasticon and doth no way agree with the Saxon Priviledge in this 't is only said that the Bishop of the Diocess should not have any Prelatical Power over this Monastery nor the Abbat thereof but should use and respect him as if he were a Roman Legate his Fellow-minister of the Gospel and his Companion not his Subject That all People of Brittain and other near Nations who being hindred by the length of the Journey or other necessary cause might visit St. Peter here as effectually as at Rome his own City where they might pay their Vows Hence its name of Peterburgh have Absolution from their Sins and receive Apostolical Benediction c. Both these Priviledges though very much different in Form Matter and their Attestations or Witnessing yet they bear date the same year [7.] Ibid. fol. 67 col 2. Spelm. Concil Tom. 1. fol. 266. One of them false Both suspected viz. 680. and are both said to be sent by [7.] Ibid. fol. 67 col 2. Spelm. Concil Tom. 1. fol. 266. One of them false Both suspected Archbishop Wilfrid from Rome so that one of them must be false and without doubt 't is that in the Saxon Tongue is the Counterfeit seeing the other from Rome was in Latin and therefore most probable to be the Original or probably they might both be false for the Monks had an excellent Art in making Bulls Priviledges and Charts for advancing the Credit Reputation and Interest of their Monasteries as appears by the Controversie between the [8.] Gervas Dorob col â—458 Archbishop and the Monks of St. Augustin's in Canterbury Anno Domini 1181. near five hundred years since in which Controversie they produced two Schedules or Charts before the Bishop of Durham and Abbat of St. Albans the one said to be the Priviledge of King Ethelbert the other of Augustin their first Archbishop of Canterbury both which for the reasons there alledged were suspected not to be what they pretended they were and therefore not allowed But if true they prove not a Popes Legate here before the Conquest But suppose the Latin Priviledge to be true it makes nothing to confirm the opinion that this Abbat was the Pope's Legate formerly and with that Power and Grandeur constituted they have been for many years past and of late days for we read not in any History that the Abbats of this place ever exercised any Legantine Power or Authority and therefore Legate here must signifie an ordinary Messenger Minister Commissary Deputy or Official as it did most frequently in those elder times so that when it is said in the Latin Priviledge the Bishop was to respect the Abbat as a Roman Legate there is no more meant Legate anciently signified only a Commissary Official or ordinary Minister than as the Pope's Commissary Official or Minister to give in his stead Papal Absolution and Benediction to such as had made Vows for Pilgrimages to Rome and from hence no doubt the Pope had a considerable Income or Composition The other two Instances follow the first Anno Domini 905. in the Fifth year of King Edward the elder Son of Alfrid He received a chiding Letter from Pope Formosus Malmsb. de gest Regum fol. 26. n. 30 40. Monast Angl. vol. 1. fol. 220. col 2. fol. 221 col 1. A pretended Letter from Pope Formosus commanding him and all his by threatning and affrighting them with his Malediction if there were not Bishops appointed in all places where they had been before whereupon the King called a Synod in which Phlegemond Archbishop of Canterbury presided in this Council were made seven Bishopricks where before there were but two This Synod ended the Archbishop goes to Rome with the News which was very acceptable to the Pope and at his return ordained or consecrated those seven Bishops in one day which before in the Synod had been nominated or elected amongst whom was Edulfe Bishop of Crediton in Devon-shire which Bishoprick afterward Edward the Confessor gave to Leofric his Capellan Anno Domini 1046. who as was believed moved with Divine Inspiration cast about how he might procure the See to be removed from Crediton to Excester and because he thought it could not be done without the Authority of the Roman Church he sent Lambert his Priest or Capellan to sollicit this Affair with the most Holy Pope Leo and he most willingly
of Monmouth and reports this matter yet after another manner that the Britains offended with Vortigern for marrying a Pagan Wife and his compliance with the Saxons deposed him and set up Vortimer or Guortimer his Son who in four Battels overcame the Saxons drove them into the Isle of Tanet and from thence into their Ships who leaving their Wives and Children fled into Germany from whence Hengist having heard of the death of Vortimer returned again with 300000 as Monmouth but with 3000 only as Westminster when sending Messengers to Vortigern who after the death of his Son Vortimer was restored to his Government speciously pretending the cause of his return was that he had thought Vortimer yet living whom he desired above all things to vanquish and expel the Nation that since he was dead and Vortigern restored he committed himself and the People he had brought with him to his disposal that as many as he would should stay in his Kingdom and the rest presently be sent back into Germany Propounds a Treaty with Vortigern offering also a personal Treaty by a select number on both sides for the determining and concluding all things according to the Will of Vortigern to be managed by the Chiefs of both Nations A. D. 461. who being mightily pleased with the pretence appointed for the time May-day and for the place some where near (l) As some report at Stoneâ—enge near Amesbury in Wiltshire or Ambrosebury so called in memory of Ambrosius Aurelius where there was a Monastery of three hundred Monks as some would have it before Queen Alfrith built there a Nunnery the Monastery of Ambry when and where both Parties by agreement were to meet without Weapons But Hengist had so contrived it that his Saxons had under their Coats long Knives or Falchions which upon the (*) This Tale seems to have been taken out of Wittichindus and applyed to the Britains De gestis Saxon lib. 1. c. 1. where are the same things spoken verbatim of the Saxons and Thuringians Watch-word given that was Neme Eour Saxes they drew out and killed every man Three or four hundred of the British Nobility killed by Treachery the next Britain (m) the Latin words in Monmouth are Barones and Consules There is nothing of this Story in the Saxon Annals to the number of four hundred and sixty Barons and Earls or there abouts and took Vortigern Prisoner who to redeem himself gave them as much of his Country as they desired and retired into Wales Malmsbury says that Hengist invited his Son in Law Vortigern A. D. 461. with three hundred of his principal Britains to a Feast and when he had well animated them with Liquor De gestis Reg. l. 1. c. 1. he industriously provoked them with smart Reflections which first begat Tumult and Wrangling and afterwards Blows and Fighting where the Britains perished to a man and the King being only saved alive redeemed his Captivity by the Gift of three Provinces The impious Cruelty of the Saxons against the Christian Britains A sad Ruine and Desolation now came upon the Britains from these barbarous Enemies to Christianity their Churches were every where levelled with the Ground their Priests killed at the Altars the Scriptures burnt Religious men fled into Caves Mountains and Deserts to preserve themselves These different and almost contrary Relations are left to every mans Judgment either to believe or reject them the sum of all is only certain that the Saxons after their first arrival under Hengist and Horsa came into this Island at several times and under divers Commanders in great Numbers until one way or other by fraud or force they made themselves Masters of all that part of Britain except Wales which was divided into seven Kingdoms or Governments The first whereof was the Kingdom of Kent The first Kingdom of the Saxons Kent A. D. 457. Before the first Tome of Spelman's Counsels and contained only that County and had these following Kings Doubtful or Forreign Kings of Kent Pagans 1 Hengist 31 2 Esk 24 3 Otta or Octa 20 4 Immeric 29 Christians 5 Ethelbert 56 6 Eadbald 24 7 Ercombert 24 8 Edgbert 09 9 Lothar 12 10 Edric 07 Christians 11 Withred 33 12 Edbert 23 13 Edilbert 11 14 Alric 34 15 Edilbert 03 16 Cuthred 08 17 Baldred 18 This Kingdom began Anno Domini 457. and ended Anno Domini 823. and continued 366. years The Second was the Kingdom of the South Saxons The second of the South Saxons A. D. 491. and contained Sussex and Surrey or at least part of it this was mostly under the Power of the Kings of Kent and the West-Saxons and therefore the names of but few Kings are taken notice of in Story which were these Pagans 1 Aella 32 2 Cissa 75 Christians 3 Ediltwach alias 25 Ethelwolf 25 4 Berthum 5 Authum It began Anno Domini 491. and ended about the year 600. and continued about 109 years Vortigern A. D. 519. The Third was the Kingdom of the West-Saxons and contained Cornwall where notwithstanding were part of the Remains of the Britains Devonshire The Third of the West-Saxons A.D. 519. Dorsetshire Somersetshire Wiltshire Hamshire and Berkshire and had these Kings Pagans 1 Cerdic 16 2 Kenric 26 3 Ceaulin 31 4 Celric 06 5 Ceolwulf 14 Christians 6 Cinegils and Quincelm 31 7 Kenewalc and Sexburge 32 8 Esciwin 02 Christians 9 Kentwin 09 10 Cedwalla 02 11 Ina but fifteen only according to Lambards Leges Inae 38 12 Aethelhard 14 13 Cuthred 14 14 Sigebert 01 15 Kinewulf 29 16 Brithric 16 17 Edgbert 37 It began Anno Domini 519. and ended 1066. at the coming of the Normans and continued 547. years The Fourth of East-Saxons A. D. 527. The Fourth was the Kingdom of the East-Saxons which contained Essex Middlesex and part of Hartfordshire The Dates of the Kings Reigns are not added because there is nothing certain of them Pagans 1 Erkenwin 2 Sledda Christians 3 Sebert 4 Sexred Brothers 4 Seward Brothers 4 Sigebert Brothers 5 Sigebert the little 6 Sigebert the good 7 Swithelm 8 Sigher Seba 9 Sigheard Senfred 10 Ossa 11 Selred 12 Swithred It began Anno Domini 527. and ended 747. and continued 220. years The Fifth was the Kingdom of Northumberland A. D. 547. which contained Lancashire Yorkshire the Bishoprick of Dresm Cumberland Westmorland Northumberland and part of Scotland as far as Edinburgh The Fifth of Northumberland A. D. 547. Frith and had these Kings Pagans 1 Ida 12 2 Aella 30 3 Edelric 04 4 Edelfrid 24 Christians 5 Edwin 17 6 Oswald 09 7 Oswy 28 8 Egfrid 15 9 Alfrid 19 10 Osred 11 Christians 11 Kenred 02 12 Osric 11 13 Ceolwulf 08 14 Edgbert alias Eadbert 20 15 Osulf 01 16 Ethelwald al. Mollo 06 17 Alured 09 18 Ethelred al. Ethelbert 04 19 Alfwold 11 20 Osred then Ethelbert again It began Anno Domini 547. ended about 792. and continued
Land that came to them or passed by writing or perhaps as we now call it Deed from their Ancestors could not sell or alien it from their Heirs and that for vouching of things sold c. no man's Horse or Ox could be bought or sold without a Voucher Foed Alured Guthrum Ibid. fol. 36. Hundreds and Tithings erected by Alfred that is one then that should take upon him to make good the sale and thing sold according to the Bargain .. This King according to Ingulph first divided the Provinces into (u) Without doubt as to this part of the Division De gestis Aelfâ—ed fol. 284. Ingulph was mistaken for Asser who lived in Aelfred's time mentions Osric Earl of Hamshire and Ethelwolph Earl of Bark-shire under Ethelbert and Eanwulf Earl of Somersetshire under his Father Ethelwolph There are also mentioned as witnesses to a Charter of King Ethelbald's A. D. 716. cited by Ingulphus Egga Earl of Lincoln and Lencitus Earl of Leicester Histor Croyland fol. 485. a. therefore such Divisions were before nevertheless 't is most probable the Partitions of Counties into Hundreds and Tithings were made in his times as appears in the notices Counties those into Hundreds and those again into Decimes or Tithings that every English man living under Law should be within some Hundred or Tithing Edward the Elder A. D. 886. of this see more in the first part of this History He made also a Survey of all the Counties Hundreds and Tithings throughout England and the Roll thereof was called the Roll of Winchester All Counties surveyed by Alfred In his History fol. 516. b. the chief City of the West-Saxon Kingdom because it was kept then out of this Roll and that afterwards made by William the Conqueror in imitation of it but more exact Ingulphus took out the Particulars of the Lands and Tenements belonging to Croyland Abbey Edward his Son called the Elder Edward the Elder A. D. 900. Sax. An. 901. Disturbed by Ethelwald Ibid. 905. Who flies to the Danes in Northumberland and perswades them to invade Mercia because the first succeeded Aelfred less learned but more Potent In the beginning of his Reign he received some disturbance from the pretences of Ethelwald his Uncles Son to the Kingdom who not being able to make good his Cause fled to the Danes in Northumberland and prevailed with them to invade Mercia where Edward marching upon them forced their Army to retreat and wasted all the Country between the (*) This was that Ditch which is called Divels-Ditch upon New-Market-Heath and the Country here mentioned was all that between this Ditch Huntington St. Neots Bedford c. which are seated upon the River Ouse Ditch and Ouse even to the North Fens and not long after both Armies joyned Battel and fought with great loss and slaughter on both sides Duke Sigulf Earl Sigelm Eadwold the Kings Thane Cenwulf the Abbat with many common men A great slaughter of Saxons and Danes were slain on the Saxons part on the Danes part their King Eohric the seditious Ethelwold Brihtsigerus Isop (x) HOLD is a Danish word and signifies a Field-Marshal Knight-Marshal or General Hold Osketel Hold with very many other Commanders and common Soldiers yet by the Story the Danes seemed to have kept the Field what the event of Battel was appears not Ibid. 907. however two years after Edward makes Peace with the Danes The East-Angles and Northumbrians which were now one Nation with them not long after the Danes broke the Peace Ibid. 9 1. and wasted his Countries to whom he gave Battel overthrew them The Danes beaten and killed their King Ecwils persuing this Victory and marching for several years up and down into all parts of his Country he with the assistance of his Sister Elsted Countess Queen of Mercia every where expelled the Danes Malms de gestis reg l. 2. c. 5. Ingulph Hist fol. 595. b. Edward repairs his Towns and Fortresses and places strong Garrisons in them and either built and erected new Towns and Fortresses in all convenient places or repaired the old and placed strong Garrisons in them especially towards the Frontiers by which means he checked the Insolency of the Danes and hindered their Excursion their places of Safety and Retreat added such courage to the Country-men that whereas before they fled from the Danes now they out-braved and contemned them These things raised him to such a Reputation that after the accession of Mercia to his former Territories which he took into his own hands after his Sisters Death Howel Cledanc and Jeothwell Kings of the (y) These were those that inhabited that which is now called Wales who were called North-Britains in respect of those which inhabited Cornwall who were called South-Britains North-Britains and the whole Nation submitted Saxon Annals A. D. 922. The North-Britains or Welsh submit Ibid. A.D. 924. And the Scots Danes and Northumbers Divels-Ditch Hold what and who North-Britains who and desired him for their Lord and Master as did also not long after the King of Scots and all his Nation the Northumbrians the English and Danes and other Northern People Athelstan A. D. 924. with the King of (z) Straecled Welch who De â—cb Scot. l. 6. p. 175 156. Britains which at that time inhabited Calloway in Scotland Buchanan confesseth that the English Army being far inferior to the Danes and the Forces with which the Scots assisted them yet under the conduct of Aethestan who was Edward's General they obtained a great Victory and took from the Scots Cumberland and Westmorland and from the Danes Northumberland but he will not acknowledge the submission of Scotland STRAECLED Wales and his People Straecled This King by the advice of his wise men made several Laws and confirmed the League his Father Aelfrid made with Godrun or Guthrun He confirms the League Alfrid made with Guthrun Lamb. inter Ll. Edward Sen. He makes many Ecclesiastick Laws Col 829. by Agreement of the Great men on both sides and amongst other Articles of the League they enacted many Laws meerly Ecclesiastick which were reputed as part of it these Ecclesiastick Laws are printed in Brompton amongst Aelfrid's Laws as being made then and are more perfect than in Lambard and with others there are Laws for the Payment of Tithes Peter-pence Candle-money c. Edward dying in the year 924. was buried with his Father in the Monastery of Winchester Athelstan Lib. 2. de gest â—eg c. 6. After the death of King Edward his eldest Son Athelstan by a Concubine as 't was reported says Malmsbury was crowned at Kingston upon Thames by Athelmus Archbishop of Canterbury the beginning of whose Reign was disturbed by the Sedition of Alfrid a Noble-man A. D. 924. Perjury punish'd with sudden Death who being apprehended and sent to Rome to purge himself denying the Fact upon Oath fell down suddenly and within three days
sent his Letters all over the Country that privately on St. Brice his day at night which was the thirteenth of November the Danes should be (n) This Massacre seems suspitious for that the Danes being dispersed all over the Nation and that it must be a business of time to give every place notice of the Design 't is scarce conceivable it could be carried on with so great secresie required to such an universal Surprize besides the Reporters of it agree not in the time or manner Hen. of Huntington says it was in the year 1002. when the Danes lived peaceably and quietly in the Nation Matt. of Westminster affirms it to be done in the year 1012. by the advice of Huna King Ethelred's General upon the Insolent behaviour of the Danes after Peace made with them Hoveden agrees with Huntingdon in the year and says that King Ethelred not long after he had made Peace with them commanded that all the Danes great and small of both Sexes inhabiting England should be killed because they sought the Dominion of the whole Kingdom and would have deprived him and his Nobility of their Lives If there was any such Massacre it seems rather to have been done in the day time by Assemblies of the People called together under pretence of Muster or some other publick business which might be an unsuspected cause of their meeting Edric Ib. A. D. 107. Hoveden Anno codem Malmsbur l. 2. c. 10. What he was His abominable Treason massacred Hen. Hunt fol. 206. a. n. 50. A. D. 1002. Who says in his Youth he received ' this Story from very antient People which was attempted and they were all killed and destroyed accordingly In this Massacre amongst the rest Lady Gunhild Sister to Swane King of Danemarke who after she came hither received Christianity with her Husband Palingus and was pledge for the Danes observing the Peace was by the fury of (o) One whom Ethelred had from mean degree advanced to be Earl or Duke of Mercia and given him in Marriage his Daughter Edgith he was called Sheen from his unsatisfied Avarice he was vastly Rich not by Nobility or Birth but made so by his Tongue and Impudence he was Crafty to Dissemble Cunning to Invent under pretence of Fidelity he dived into the King's Councils and discovered them as a Traytor being sent to treat of Peace he encouraged the King's Enemies to War Ever when he saw Ethelred or his Son Edmund had any considerable advantage he by some trick or other diverted them from the use of it he was sometimes on one side sometimes on the other where he could get the best Plunder and most Money Edric Earl Godwin's Fathers Brother Gunhild Sister to Swane King of Danemarke massacred De gest R. R. l. 2. c. 10. says Malmsbury barbarously murthered The News of this Bloody Tragedy moves the Danes to revenge and the year following King Swane with a mighty Navy invades England by the experience of his former Invasions and Descents there he well enough understood what advantage he could make of the English He invades England with a mighty Navy Presently over-runs a great part of the Country And useth great Cruelty presently overran a great part of the Country his Sword made no more difference between Ages Sexes and Conditions of People than the Fire did of Houses or their Materials the Cruelty and Violence of one killing and the Fury of the other destroying all it met with By Ethelred's command Hen. Huntingd. A. D. 100â— Every 310 Hides of Land to set forth a Ship and every nine Hides a Soldier Hoveden in that year This Preparation came to nothing Ibidem Lord-Danes Lurdan whence The Danish Massacre suspitious To obviate these dreadful Miseries and frequent Invasions Ethelred commanded that every 310 Hides of Land should set forth a Ship and so proportionably for a greater or lesser Quantity and every nine Hides a compleat Arms or Soldier but this great Preparation by ill management and storms came to nothing eighty of the Ships at one time being wracked by ill weather The next year came another Fleet of Danes under the leading of Turkill Ethelred Danes Swane Cnute A. D. 1013. and soon after a second under the Conduct of Heningus and Anlaf all Danish Princes the former whereof in the year 1012. was with 45 Ships sworn to serve Ethelred Two Fleets of Danes arrive under the Conduct of Turkill Anlaf and Hemingus Turkill with 45 Ships takes Service under Ethelred The People submit to Swane Emma with her Children departs into Normandy Ethâ—lred follows them Hen. Hunt A. D. 1013. Swane imposeth a great Tribute upon the People Hoveden Anno eodem Turkill doth the same Hunting A. D. 1014. Swane dies suddenly Ibidem Cnute made King by the Danes The English recall Ethelred he finding them Food and Rayment Swane proceeding victoriously almost where-ever he came received the submission of the People and Emma Queen to King Ethelred with her two Sons Edward and Alfred went into Normandy to her Brother Richard Duke thereof and after Christmass in the same year Ethelred followed them thither from the Isle of Wight all the People esteeming and receiving Swane for their King whom he commanded through England to make great Provisions for his Navy and to pay almost an intolerable (p) This was very heavy without doubt for in one year which must be this Ingulph Hist 506. b. 507. a. The Abbey of Croyland paid 2000 Marks in one year to Swane the Abbey of Croyland alone paid 2000 Marks to Swane besides several years before it paid to Ethelred 400 Marks a year and 200 l. for building of Ships Ingulph says this was A. D. 1018. when as others say Swane died A. D. 1014. therefore it was Cnute or the other Historians were mistaken in their Chronology Tribute In like manner Turkill sent out his commands every where the like should be paid to his Fleet that lay at Greenwich Swane thus obtaining the Throne of England in the beginning of his Reign died suddenly After his Death the Danish Army and Danes make Cnute his Son their King and the English upon condition of his better Government send to Ethelred to return out of Normandy who sending for his Son Edward with promise of doing all things worthy of himself as King and the English People came himself soon after and was ioyfully received of the whole English Nation Cnute lay then at Gainsborough to whom the People of Northumberland and Lindsey in Lincolnshire submitted into the latter of which Ethelred hearing of their submission marched and destroyed it with Fire and Sword Cnute troubled that for his sake the Country should suffer sailed to Sandwich where he left the Hostages given to his Father Cnute departs and returns with 160 Ships Ib. A. D. 1016. Edric betrays Ethelred first cutting off their Hands and Noses and so departs yet in as short a time as might be returns again
King Edmund neither living or dying had given the Protection of any part of his Kingdom to his Brothers and they said also they knew that Edmund desired Cnute should be the Protector of his Children while they were of Age to Reign But says my Author They gave false Testimony and lyed falsely Ibidem They give false Testimony thinking to make Cnute more kind to them and hoping for great Rewards yet nevertheless some of them not long after were put to death by him Then he exacted of them Oaths of Fidelity Ibidem and they sware they would choose him King humbly obey him and pay Taxes to his Army wholly rejecting the Brothers and Sons of Edmund By the contrivance of Cnute and Edric Ibidem A. D. 1017. fol. 619. Edric adviseth Cnute to murther Edmund 's Sons Edwin the Brother of Edmund was murthered and Edric gave him further advice to kill his two Sons Edward and Edmund but thinking it would prove a great disgrace to him if they were murthered in England sent them to the King of Sweves Cnute Edmund Ironside A. D. 1017. that he might dispatch them who though his Friend would not do what he desired but sent them to Solomon King of Hungary to be preserved where Edmund died and Edward married Agatha Daughter to Henry the Roman Emperor by whom he had Edgar Aetheling Aethelinge and Margaret Queen of Scotland Cnute A. D. 1017. Flor. Wigorn. Divides England into four parts Cnute having thus obtained the Kingdom of England divided it into four parts or Governments West-Saxony he kept to himself Mercia he committed to Edric to Turkill the East-Angles to (t) He is sometime called Iricius Hirc or Eric Iricius Northumberland His first care was to make a firm friendship between the Danes and English and a right understanding between himself Ibidem To indear himself to the People causeth the Murtherers of Edmund to be put to death Nobility and all the People whose love his own quiet and security prompted him to seek and as a means to that end he caused to be brought forth the Murtherers of Edmund in a great frequency of People who openly confessing the Fact were put to death and not long after finding an opportunity (u) He always urged him to fight when Cnute had the advantage but when he was probable to conquer he disswaded Battel Edric whom he inwardly hated for his perfidiousness received from him the deserved punishment of his Treasons Malmsb. f. 41. a. n. 10. And cuts off Edric Ibid. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1017. Flor. Wigorn. A. D. 1017. growing now troublesome to Cnute whom he often minded of the Wickednesses and Treasons he had committed in favour of him With him Duke Norman the Son of Duke Leofwin the Brother of Earl Leofric and Aethelward the Son of Duke Agelman and Brightric the Son of Alphege Earl of Devonshire were without fail put to death Leofric he made a Duke and was afterward very kind to him Malmsb. ut sup n. 30. He Marries Emme Widdow of Ethelred The more to ingratiate himself into the English he married Emme Widdow to Etheldred and Sister to Richard Duke of Normandy whose Alliance was the more considerable in respect he had in his Protection the two Sons of Ethelred by this Emme Malms ut sup To expiate the Blood Murthers c. he builds and repairs many Monasteries A. D. 1032. Hoveden By Bribes he obtains the Kingdom of Norway Ibidem A. D. 1028. A. D. 1031. Vid. Epist in con Spelm. fol 535. Ingulph Hist 508. b. Malms f. 41. b. n. 10. To expiate the Blood Murthers Rapine and Violence of himself Father and Ancestors he repaired all the Monasteries which had been defaced and destroyed in England and built some new ones as that at St. Edmund's Bury c. Cnute hearing the Norwegies neglected and slighted their King Olave for his Meekness Justice and Simplicity sent to some of the chief Persons of the Land great Bribes in Gold and Silver solliciting them to reject Olave and make him King they accept his Propositions and Cnute coming thither from England with fifty Ships they kill Olave and declare him their King In the fifteenth year of his Reign he made a Voyage to Rome as he declares in his Letter from thence to his great men by Livingus that by his respects paid there to the Apostles Peter and Paul he might receive Pardon for his Sins at his being there he complained to the Pope of the great Exactions practised upon the Archbishops for their Palls and was promised redress in the same Letter or Epistle he promiseth amendment of Life and commands his Counsellors with whom he trusted the Affairs of the Nation that no way for the fear of him or any other potent Person whatever His great Justice in some things they should consent to any Injustice or suffer any to be done in his Kingdom Cnute alone A D. 1031. the like command he lays upon his Sheriffs and Justitiaries that no Violence be done either to Rich or Poor but that all men should have equal Justice and that they should not grievously exact upon the People to fill his Coffers he further strictly injoyns them that before his return from Danemarke whither he was going to settle all things in firm Peace they should pay all his Debts due according to the old Law as (x) Churches or Cyriscet or Cyricsceat Church-shot or by some Church-Seed Churchset what Cyricsceat being a Sum paid for the first Fruits or Garden-Seeds to be paid at Martlemass or the Feast of St. Martin in November Church-seed Tithes Peter-pence c. he strictly injoyned the Observation of all old Laws especially those of Ethelred Malms l. 2. c. 11 fol. 42. a. He injoyns the Observation of the old Laws Ll. Canut Lamb. fol. 97. which were afterward called the Laws of Edward the Confessor not that he made them but only caused them to be observed this large Collection is extant in Lambard and besides the Ecclesiastick Laws of which there are many contains nothing but the antiquated Usages and Injunctions of those times except what was said concerning them in the notices Many Laws purely Ecclesiastick made by Cnute and his great Council The Ecclesiastick Laws concerning Religious Persons and things which seem to have been observed a long while after and some of them at this day are these following 1. That there should be no Markets Fairs Assemblies Ll. Cnut c. 15. No Markets Fairs c. on the Lords-day Ibid. c. 19. The Sacrament to be received thrice in a year or other Secular Actions practised on the Lord's-day 2. That all Christians should receive the Eucharist or Sacrament of the Lord's-Supper at least three times in the year 3. That if a Priest killed a man or committed any notorious Crime he should be deprived of his Order and Dignity 4. That a married Woman convict of Adultery
with one Maid only sent her to the Nunnery of Warewell to be kept there by the Abbess [3.] Ingulph Hist 510. b. William Duke of Normanâ—y comes into England An. Dom. About this time William Duke of Normandy with a great train of Followers coming into England was honourably entertained by Edward and had many of the Cities and Castles shewn unto him although at that time there was no discourse of Succession between them after some time spent liere being richly presented he returned home Emme the Mother of Edward died and was buried at Winchester A. D. 1052. Emme King Edward's Mother dies She undergoes Fire-Ordale See the Glossary in the word The Crimes objected to her Godwin in the Life of Robert Archbishop confutes this Story and argues it of falshood p. 80. and makes it appear idle who for all her great Vertues escaped not the Malice of her Enemies although she either fortunately or miraculously if the Story be true escaped burning by Fire-Ordale Her chief Enemy was Robert Archbishop of Canterbury the Crimes objected were her consenting to the death of her Son Alfred that she had a greater affection for her Danish than English Children and Incontinency with Alwine Bishop of Winchester but having blindfolded and barefooted passed and stepped over and between nine Plough-shares red hot without hurt or burning not touching any of them in the presence of her Son and many of his Peers by her thankful and humble demeanor toward God and the World she recovered the good opinion of King and People [4.] Sim. Dunel A. D. 1052. Godwin and his Sons infest the Coasts and come up the Thames And draw together a Land-Army The K. marched towards them with his Army During their Exile Godwin and his Sons much infested the Coasts of England in the West and South at last Harold joyning with his Father came up the Thames toward London with their Fleet where a Land Army of Londoners and Country-men out of their several Earldoms met them at Southwark which by their Agents and Emissaries under many fair Pretences and Suggestions they had drawn together the King being then in London marched and advanced his Army and Fleet against Godwin's the Fleets being placed on the contrary sides of the River and the Armies on the contrary Banks the chief men on both Parties being English had no great Stomachs to fight one against the other but rather thought it more Prudence to mediate between the King and Godwin The Differences composed without Battle Eadmen fol. 4. which they did and brought them to an accommodation But the King suspecting Godwin's Subtilty and Instability would not consent to Peace before Wulnoth the Son of Godwin and Hacun the Son of Swane were delivered Hostages for his good behaviour to William Duke of Normandy Godwin and his Sons restored and then he and his Sons were restored to all their former Rights and Enjoyments except Swane who troubled in Conscience for the Murther of his Kinsman Beorn went to Jerusalem Bare-foot and in his return died Edward also received his Queen Edith Godwin's Daughter in the same Dignity she was before This done the Normans who had given the King ill Council and under his Authority done many unjust things [5.] John â—rompâ—on Robert Archbishop of Canterbury The Normans banisâ—â—d William Bishop of London Vls of Dorcester c. were banished the Realm [6] Bâ—pt col â—4â— A. D. â—0â—3 Edw. Con â—â— Robert Archbishop died beyond Sea but William for his excellent goodness a little while after was recalled from banishment and restored to his Bishoprick Soon after Earl [7.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1053. Godwin diâ—s Eadmer fol. 4. Fol. 510. b. n. 30 40 Godwin sitting with the King at Table taken Speechâ—ess sunk down suddenly in his seat as dead his three Sons Harold Tosti and Girth carrying him into the King's Chamber in hopes he might revive but the fifth day after he died By Ingulph and others 't is storied that Edward as he sat at Table reproving him for the death of his Brother Alfred he took a Morsel and wished it might choak him if he were guilty with which endeavouring to swallow it he was choaked And his 8. Earldom of Kent and West-Saxony was given to his Son Harold and his to Algar Son of Leoâ—ric Macbeth vanquished by Siward Earl of Northumbâ—r Siward the stout Earl of Northumberland by the King's order made an Expedition into Scotland vanquished the Tyrant [9.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1054. Macbeth and made Malcolme Son to the King of Cumberland King of Scotland within two years after this great action Siward dies and Tosti Brother to Harold was made Earl of [1.] Ingulph ut sup A. D. 1056. Earl Algar banished recovers his Earldom by assitance of Griff. King of Wales Northumberland About this time Earl Algan was banished without a cause but invading England with the assistance of Griffin King of Wales he was restored to the King's favour [2.] Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1057. Edward first Son of Edmund Ironsides sent for into Hungary A. D. 1058. Ingulph Hist 511. a. Algar is banished and again recovers his Earldom King Edward now sent into Hungary for his Nephew Edward Son to Edmund Ironside who as he was right Heir to the Crown so he intended to make him his Successor but he died not long after he came into England in this year good old Leoâ—ric commonly stiled Earl of Leicester but indeed Earl of Mercia died a wise and prudent man and Algar his Son succeeded him in his Earldom whom Edward banished the second time but again by the aid of Griffin and a Fleet from Norway by force recovered his Earldom in the year following he dies and leaves Edwin and Morear his Sons [3.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1063. 1064. Ingulph A. D. 1063. Griffin King of Wales overcome by Harold The Welch under the conduct of Griffin their King invade and harass those parts of England next Wales but vanquished and overcome by Harold and his Brother Tosti at the King's appointment they submit and promise to pay Tribute depose and kill their King [4.] Ingulph A. D. 1065. Fol. 511. b. n. 30. Edward gives Wales to Griffin's Brother's Blechgent and Rithwalan who swore Fidelity to him by Harold his Representative promising all ready Service by Sea and Land and to pay whatever used to be paid to the Kings of England Tosti returning into Northumberland which was then accounted all that part of England beyond Humber Northwards used the People severely and [5.] Sim. Dun. A. D. 1069. The Northumbrians Tumult against Tosti Harold sent to appease them imposed high and grievous Taxes upon them committing many Out-rages the People run to Arms beset his Palace kill his Souldiers and Servants Plunder it and force him to fly for his life thus urged by danger and Tumult Tosti Petitions the King to send his Brother Harold and others to hear
them but were soon repelled by them they being more in number and better armed At length Harold comes up with a Potent Army and gives them Battel at (l) Alias Battle Bridge upon the River Derwent not far from York Stanford Bridge where though the Norwegians made a stout and obstinate resistance yet at length the English obtained the Victory Harfager and Tosto with the greatest part of their Army being slain and most of their Fleet taken only Oslaus Harfager's Son and Paul Earl of Orcades had liberty to depart with twenty Ships they leaving a vast (m) Here was so much Gold as seven lusty young men could carry besides other rich Spoils all which Harold taking to his own use disgusted his Army Treasure behind them Gul. Pictav 197. A. 198. A William was not idle all this while but calling together the great men of his Country consults with them and propounds the Conquest of England to the chief of them who disswade him from the attempt as a thing too difficult to be effected and beyond the Power and Force of Normandy and which might change the excellent State of their Country into a miserable Condition Gul. Pictav 197. A. B. There were then in Normandy besides Bishops and Abbots several Lay-men knowing and able to advise such were Robert Earl of Mortaign half Brother to William Robert Earl of Ou Richard Earl of Eureux Son of Robert Archbishop of Roan Roger Beaumont Roger Montgomery William Fitzh-Osborn Hugo vicecom Ibidem and Viscount Hugh these he consulted with but so as the result of all things was left to the Duke himself how many Ships to equip and with what Men and Armes and at length every one chearfully makes ready what was charged upon him according to his Possessions and the value of his Estate and having prepared a great number of Ships and a great Army of Normans Flemmings Malms de gest Reg. fol. 56. a. n. 50. Geâ—er de duc Nor. l. 6. c. 34. French Poictovins Aquitans and Britans both Horse and Foot after some stay for a wind at the mouth of the River Dive he fell down to and set sail from St. (n) Now St. Valery upon the River of Soame in Picardy Waleric or Gualeric with a gentle Gale and landed at Pevensey in Sussex erected a Fort there to secure his Ships and their retreat (o) 'T is said by Cambden he burnt all his Ships that he might cut off from his Souldiers all hopes of Safety by flight if so Britan. fol. 106 He had it out of the Manuscript History of Battle Abbey in Bib. cotton sob Effigie Domitian A. 2. fol. 1. Malms Will. 1. fol. 57. Dunel Brompton A. D. 1066. Gesta Guliel Ducis f 202. D. In Will 1.56 b. 57. b. certainly he designed no place of Safety for a retreat or to secure his Ships wherein he placed a Garrison Gul. Pictav Gesta Gul. Ducis fol. 199. c. and marching from thence to Hastings he raiseth another Fortification for the same Purposes and Garrisons that likewise and then declares the Causes of the War first for revenging the death of his Kinsman Brompt col 958. (p) Son to Ethelred and younger Brother of Edw. the Confessor to Emme Alfred whom Godwin Harold's Father and his Sons had cut off with many Normans Secondly to chastise Harold for banishing Robert Archbishop of Canterbury and other Normans out of England and Thirdly to gain the Kingdom from Harold which he had possessed by Perjury and to which he had no right it being his by Grant by nearness (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. of kindred and promise of Obedience and Subjection he restrained his Army from Plundering Malmsb. in Will 1. f. 56. b. telling them they ought to spare those things which were suddenly to be their own and for fifteen days they behaved themselves so quietly as if they thought not of War The News of this Descent of the Normans in Sussex Ingulph f. 512. quickly came to Harold by several Messengers who puffed up with his late Victory dream'd of the like success for the future and refusing the Terms offered him by William's Envoy Malms ut sup a Monk either to quit his Pretences to the Kingdom or hold it as his Vice-roy Gul. Pictav fol. 200. c. or that they two by Combate for the sparing the Effusion of Blood in the sight of both Armies might decide and end the Controversie in great hast with a small part only of his Army he came near unto Hastings Ingulph Ibid. and having gathered together the Country-people formed of them a (q) It could hardly be thought his Army should consist of raw Souldiers for Malmsbury Sim. Dunel and Brompton reports from Gulielm Pictaviensis that the main Body of it remained impregnable against all the Assaults and Charges of the Enemies until by a Counterfeit retreat which the English thought a flight and followed them by which means they opened their close Order when the Normans suddenly faceing about charged and broke them in pieces scattered them and obtained the Victory c. rude and undisciplined Army staid not for his Northern Forces but next morning gives (r) On the fourteenth of October not many days after the Battel at Stanford-bridge Earl William Battel and fighting valiantly all day until evening often as a common Souldier hand to hand with his Enemies at length about twilight upon a Hill whither he had retreated he was shot thorough the head with an Arrow and slain together with his Brothers Gurth and Lefwin and most of the English Nobility here present (Å¿) Malmsbury says they were not there but being appointed by Harold he posting before to meet the Normans to bring the Riches and Spoils taken in the last Battel to London where hearing that Harold was slain they courted the People to make one of them King he also there says that the other great men would have chosen Edgar King if the Bishops would have consented but by reason of the present danger and their Domestick Dissentions it could not be effected Then Edwin and Morcar with some few others that escaped came to London and sent their Sister Algith the Queen and Wife to Harold Sim. Dunelm A. D. 1066. into the remote parts of the Nation and consulted with Aldred Archbishop of York the Citizens and Seamen to make Edgar Atheling King but while they provided and prepared to oppose William the two Earls with their Forces withdrew
(y) He was younger Son to Leofric Earl of Mercia Hereward who he was A Norman Fortress against the Isle of Ely yet remaining and Brother to Algar Earl of Leicester or Mercia after Leofric a great Soldier and one that was famous and had merited much byond Seas to be their chief Commander particularly importuning him on the behalf of Thurstane then Abbat of that place and his Monks whose the whole Island was and on their behalf the same was fortified against the King [9.] Hist Eliens in Bibl. Cotton sub Effig Titl A. 1. fol. 87. a. who often attempting it by Land and Water and having lost many Men and finding his endeavours fruitless at length being advised to seize all the Lands and Goods belonging to the Monastery without the Isle which he did and divided them amongst his Soldiers to the end that they might keep (*) One Fort where the Normans had a Garison or Guard remains at this day at the South-west end of Audry Cause-way in the Parish of Wivelingham or Willingham 't is large of a circular or round form encompassed anciently with a steep Bank and deep Ditch by the Country People called Belsars Hills but corruptly for in a Parchment Roll belonging to the Bishop of Ely of the Soldiers names that were quartered in that Monastery after the Island was delivered to the Conqueror I find one Belasius or Belassis that was General against the Island and had his Station in this Fort from whom says that Roll it was called Belasius or Belassis Berge Belsars Hills why so called Burrough Hill or Fort or perhaps the Fort might be called Belassis Fort for its opportune and convenient situation for the placing a Garison against the Island being at the end of the great passage into it from the two French words Bel and Assis signifying well seated or placed being so named by the Normans Guards on the outsides thereof Of which the Monks having notice they forthwith consult with their Abbat and resolved not only to yield peaceably to the King The Abbat of Ely and the Monks yield the Isle to the King on Condition he would restore unto them freely and honourably all their Lands belonging to the Church but to give him one thousand Marks and accordingly sent their Proposals to the King who willingly accepting them they admitted his Forces into the Isle privately and gave him possession thereof without resistance and all the great Men submitted only Heward made his escape [1.] S. Dunel Col. 203. n. 32. A. D. 1071. The Bishops and Noblemen made Prisoners and used barbarously Agelwin Bishop of Duresm was presently sent to Abington to remain in Custody there where he died not long after Morcar was likewise made Prisoner and the rest some having their Hands cut off others their Eyes put out were permitted to go whether they would [2.] Hist Croyl fol. 512. b. n. 43. Ingulph gives a different Account of â—he Defence of the Isle of Ely Ingulph gives somewhat a different account of this particular and says That Edwin and Morcar Roger Earl of Hereford Ralph Earl of Suffolk and Waltheof Earl of Northumberland not submitting to the King together with other great Men in like manner disherited possessed themselves of the Isle of Ely and forthwith sent for Hereward and made him General of their Forces where he did so many Warlike Exploits so often beat his Enemies so often deluded them that he obtained perpetual praise for the same and for that he did so long as he could sustain the tottering Ruins of his Country And when the rest of the Noblemen rendred themselves in hopes of the Kings favour he only refusing would not submit [5.] Ibidem fol. 512. a. n. 50. b. n. 2. And disposeth all the Temporal and Ecclesiastick Prefâ—rments to his Normans but got away to some other place [3.] Ibidem fol. 511. b. n. 20. yet afterwards he made his Peace obtained his Estate died in quiet after very many Conflicts with William his Earls and Governors and was buried in Croyland Abby [4.] The Conqueror divides the Nation amongst his Followers The Conqueror having thus baffled Edwin and Morcar one being dead and the other in Prison he divided the Nation among his Assistants and Followers by hard usage Imprisonment and Banishment he made the English submit The Earldoms and Baronies Bishopricks and Prelacies of the whole Nation he gave to his Normans and scarce permitted any Englishman to enjoy any place of Honour Dominion or Power [6.] Ord. Vit. 521. D. 522. A. William Fitz-Osbern Earl of Hereford c. Gherbod Earl of Chester After him Hugh Auranches To William Fitz-Osbern Sewer of Normandy he gave the Isle of Wight and Earldom of Hereford and placed him (a) He * Rot. penes Episcopum Elicus Walter Lucey who Hugh Lupus who was the Conquerors Standard-bearer Walter Lacey and others to oppose the Welsh To Gherbod a Flemming he first of all gave the Town and County of Chester who by most urgent Affairs being called into his own Country and by his Enemies kept Prisoner till death he gave them to Hugh (b) Richard de Abrincis Surnamed Goz Father of this Hugh was Son of [3.] Gemet lib. 7. cap. 6. Thurstane Goz Son of Ansfrid a Dane [4.] Knighton Col. 2376. n. 60. and this Hugh Surnamed Lupus was Sisters Son to William the Conqueror of Amonches in his Youth a Profuse Libertine Son of Richard Surnamed Goz who with Robert de Rodelent and others shed much of the Welsh Blood [7.] Ibidem B. C. D. Roger Montgomery had Arundel Chichester and Shropshire To Roger Montgomery he first gave Arundel and then Chichester and afterwards the County of Salop To Waltheof he gave * Ibid. 702. C. Waltheof Northampton and Huntington Northampton and Huntington with his Niece (c) Judith [5.] Gemet lib. 8. cap. 37. was Daughter of the Countess of Albemarle the Conquerors Sister by his Mother Judith To Walter Giffard the County of Buckingham Walter Giffard Earl of Buckingham To William (d) He was at some distance allied to the Conqueror [6.] Ibid. lib. 8. cap. 37. William Warren who his Father having Married one of the Nieces of Gonnora first [7.] Ibidem cap. 36. Concubine and then Wife to Richard the First Duke of Normandy and Great Grandmother to William his Name he had from [8.] Vales notit Gal. 237. Guarenna or Varenna a Place or River in the County of Calais or Caux Warren the County of Surrey To Odo Son of Tedbald William Warren had Surrey Earl of Blois that Married King Williams Sister he gave Holderness To Ralph (e) He was a Brittaine and called de Guader from [9.] Orderic Vital 535. C. Ralph de Guader or Guaer who he was He had 176 Lordships of the Gift of the Conqueror Guader now Guaer Castle in Brittany not far from Montfort le Canne of which Castle he
three years [9.] Orderic f. 89â— D. Contin ad Florent f. 665. An. Do. 1134. and about four Months and in the mean time his Brother Robert died on the Tenth of February in the Castle of Cardif in Wales after he had been Prisoner Twenty eight years and was buried in St. Peters Church in Gloucester In the [1.] Ord. fol. 900. B. C. D. An. Do. 1135. Geofrey Duke of Anjou disturbs King Henry last year of his Reign hearing strange news of the Insurrections of the Welsh he thrice endeavoured with a choice number of Bowmen and others to come for England but was diverted by his Son in Law Geofry (i) When his Father in Law Fulke was made King of Jerusalem and Prince of Antioch he gave to him Anjou and all his Territories in France Duke of Anjou who affected the great Treasures of his Father in Law and demanded Normandy affirming that was the Agreement he made with him when he Married his Daughter He despised the Kings Admonitions and Advice and so far provoked him that he had thought of taking his Daughter from him and carrying her into England He besieged Roscelin Viscount of Beaumont in Mans Son in Law to the King and burnt that Town down to the ground This was the Origin of great Dissentions in Normandy and William Talvace Talvace and Toeny Incendiaries King Henry keeps them in awe and Roger de Toeny or Todeny were suspected to be the chief Incendiaries in these Broils The King placed a good Garison in the Town of Conches that was Todeney's chief Strength which kept him quiet Talvace he often summoned to his Court who refused to come whereupon he seized all his Lands And thus deprived of all his Honours he went to the Earl of Anjou and lived in his Country The King from the beginning of August till the Feast of All-Saints went about and viewed the Country of Seez and took into his possession Alencon and Almenesche and other Castles belonging to Talvace On the [2.] Ibid. fol. 901. B. C. Twenty fifth of November he came to Lions Castle and ordered his Huntsmen to Hunt in that Forest the day following but that night he fell sick and died the First of December King Henry dies being Sunday His Body was brought into England and buried in the Monastery of Reading He orders all Exiles to be restored pardons all Mulcts and Forfeitures Before his death he ordered that all Forfeitures or Mulcts should be forgiven all Exiles restored to their Country and that all Men whose Estates had been seized should enjoy them again He directed also his Son Robert who had the Custody of his Treasure at Falais that he should distribute 60000 l. amongst his Servants and Stipendiary Knights or Horsemen The noise of his Sickness drew the Noblemen about him and there were present [3.] Ibidem five Earls Robert of Gloucester William de Warrenna Rotro Earl of Mortain in Perch Waleran of Mellent and Robert of Leycester aliique Proceres Tribuni Nobilesque Oppidan other Noblemen great Commanders and Noble (k) 'T is frequent with Ordericus Vitalis to call Castellans or Governors of Towns and Castles Oppiandi especially in the twelfth and thirteenth Books of his History Lib. 12. fol. 853. B. fol. 850. C. fol. 843. C. Castellans These ask the King about his Successor [4.] Malms Hist Novell fol. 100. b. n. 30. He names his Daughter to the Succession No Rebellions in England during his absence in Normandy by reason he was kind to the Clergy and rigorous to Seculars and he adjudged all his Land in England and France to his Daughter by lawful and perpetual Succession being angry with her Husband because he had provoked him by several injuries The King was in Normandy far the greatest part of his Reign yet never had Insurrection or Rebellion against him in England which is to be imputed to his favour and kindness to the Clergy the Bishops especially who were therefore his Friends and to the rigorous Execution of his Secular Government [5.] Ibidem fol. 91. b. n. 10 20 30. for he was inflexible in the rigor of Justice and never suffered any thing committed by Delinquents not consentaneous to his Dignity to go unpunished These were the meer Secular Actions of this King what he had to do with the Ecclesiasticks compleats his Story and acquaints us with the foundation of all the Rebellious Actions and Practises first of the Clergy and then of the Temporal Barons by their instigation which will be related in the following History Church Story ON the [6.] Eadm f. 55. n. 30. f. 56. lin 1. An. Do. 1100. Anselm refuseth to do Homage to the King Twenty third of September Anselm landed at Dover and a few days after went to the King at Salisbury and was kindly received by him But required to do Homage to the King as by Custom it had been done to his Ancestors and receive the Arch-Bishoprick from his Hands Answered He neither would or could do it The reason of his denial having been demanded he insisted on divers things which had been determined in the Council at [7.] Concil Rom. tertium Under Pope Vrban the II. Lab. Tom. 10. Col. 615 616 â—17 Denies him the right of Investitures Anselm would have the King obedient to the Pope Rome which if the King would receive and observe there should be a firm Peace between them but if otherwise he could not see that his stay in England was either honest or profitable especially if the King continued to dispose of Bishopricks and Abbacies for then he could neither come into the presence of the King or company of such as received them from him Neither as he said did he return into England to reside there unless the King would be obedient to the Pope [8.] Eadm ut supra n. 10 20. Who hearing these things was much troubled esteeming it a great matter to lose the Investitures of Churches and Homage of Bishops thinking it also a grievous thing that Anselm should depart the Kingdom having scarce been confirmed in it In the first he should as it were lose half the Kingdom and in permitting the second he was afraid lest Anselm should pass over Sea to his Brother Robert then come from Jerusalem and bring him into subjection to the Roman See which he knew was easie to be done and then make him King of England Upon these Verbal Altercations the further debate of the matter was respited until Easter that Messengers might on both sides be sent to the Pope to incline him to wave his Decrees and suffer the Custom of the Kingdom to have its course and the Church the mean time to remain in the same State it was Anselm knew it signified nothing to send Messengers yet to avoid suspicion from the King or great Men he consented to what they desired The Decrees of the Pope have been touched before and they were Sentences
921. C. D. f. 922. A. B. The Earl of Chester obtains Assistance Gloucester takes hold of the occasion joyns the Forces he had and others he immediately raised with those of his Son in Law and marched toward Lincoln Upon his approach the King marched towards him in Battalia his Army consisting of a Main Body and two Wings He Commanded the Main Body himself one of the Wings consisted of Flemmings which William de Ipre Commanded and of Britains which Earl Alan Commanded The other was Commanded by Waleran Earl of Mellent There were also in this Army William de Warenna Gilbert de Clare and Balduin Fitz-Vrse Engelran Saye and Ilbert Lacy. The Battle of Lincoln The Earls Army was drawn up in the same manner Robert Earl of Gloucestâ—r led on the Main Body the Earl of Chester one Wing aâ— the two Brothers Mariadoc and Kalader the Welsh which made the other Wing The Welsh charged the Flemmings and Britains and soon routed them The Kings Army routed The Earl of Chester charged the Earl of Mellent who fled presently King Stephen shewed his Personal Courage in this Battle His Personal Courage He is taken Prisoner he fought bravely and stoutly against the Earl of Gloucester until he was deserted by all his Horse when he yielded himself to him Baldwin de Clare Richard Fitz-Vrse Engelran de Saia and Ilbert Lacy staid by the King and fought valiantly so long as they were able The City plundered and many Citizens killed After the Battle the Earls Army miserably wasted the City and requited the Citizens for their kindness to King Stephen by killing very many of them The [5.] Malms f. 106. a. n. 40. He is Imprisoned at Gloucester and put in Irons Earl presented the King to his Sister then at Gloucester from whence for more security he was carried to Bristol where he was Honourably used until by the instigation of some who affirmed that he had been several times out of the places appointed for his safe Custody especially in the night by the Connivance of his Keepers and therefore was put in Irons The Empress and Earl [6.] Ib. n. 50. b. n. 10 20. with great importunity by Messengers moved the Legat that she might be received to the Government as the Daughter of King Henry to whom all England and Normandy had sworn Fidelity A Treaty between the Empress and Legat in an open Plain Her Oath to him On the third Sunday in Lent they came to a Conference in an open Plain by Winchester The Queen swore to the Bishop he should Order and Direct all the great Business in England and should dispose of all Bishopricks and Abbies if he would keep perpetual Fidelity to her and with Holy Church receive her as Queen The Earl of Gloucester Brian Fitz-Count * Marchâ—o de Walingford He was Constable of Walingford Castle The Legat acknowledged her Queen His Oath to her Marquess of Wallingford and Milo of Gloucester afterwards Earl of Hereford and some others did together with her swear the same things The Bishop then acknowledged her Queen of England and some of his Friends with him made Oath to her That so long as she should make good what she had promised him he should be faithful to her The next day she was received into the City of Winchester and the Cathedral with a Noble Procession The Legat led her into the Church by the Right Hand and the Bishop of St. Davids by the left There were many Bishops Abbats Barons and Knights present [7.] Contin â—lor Worcest f. 676. The Legat Cursed those which Cursed her and Blessed those which Blessed her Those which were Obedient to her Commands he Absolved such as were not he Excommunicated From Winchester she went with the Court to Wilton where came to her Theobald the Arch-Bishop and made his Recognition of her as Queen Here she kept her Easter and there was a mighty affluence of People On the Ninth of [8.] Malms ut supra n. 30 40 50. f. 106. a. lin 1. c. The Monk of Malmsbury says he was present in this Council and gave great attention to what was done April there was a Council of all the Bishops of England and many Abbats at Winchester in which the Legat presided notwithstanding the Arch-Bishop of Canterbury was there The Legat had private Conference with the Bishops apart with the Abbats apart and with the Arch-Deacons apart The next day he makes a Speech to them all Setting forth the cause of their meeting was to Consult of the Peace of the Country tells them of the flourishing estate of the Kingdom The Legats Speech to the Bishops in the Reign of King Henry That many years before his death he had received an Oath of England and Normandy for the Succession of his Daughter and her Issue That she being in Normandy at the time of his death delayed to come into England for the Peace of the Country his Brother was permitted to Reign He says further That though he made himself a Pledge between God and him that he should Honour and Exalt Holy Church maintain the good Laws He accuseth his Brother King Stephen of many Crimes and abrogate the Evil yet it grieved him to remember and he was ashamed to speak how he had behaved himself in the Kingdom the Peace of it was destroyed and no Punishment inflicted upon Evil Doers Bishops were imprisoned and forced to deliver up their Possessions Abbies were sold and Churches robbed The Counsel of ill Men took place and the Advice of good Men was despised That he had Convented him before a Council of Bishops and got nothing but hatred for it He ought indeed to love his Mortal Brother but much more the Cause of his Immortal Father and therefore seeing God had exercised his Judgment upon him to let him fall into the hands of powerful Men lest the Kingdom might be ruined for want of a Governor He declares the power of Electing Kings to be in the Clergy I have called you all hither by my Legantine Power yesterday the Cause was propounded in private to the greatest part of the Clergy of England to whom of right it belongs to Elect and Ordain a King and therefore after having as is meet invoked the Divine Assistance They elect Maud the Empress Queen we Elect Maud the Daughter of the Peaceable Glorious Rich and in our time incomparable King Queen of England and to her we promise our Faith and Defence of her Person and Government All that were [9.] Ibidem n. 10. present either assented to what he said or by their silence seemed not to contradict it The Legat adds We have summoned the Londoners The Londoners present in this Council who in respect of the greatness of their City may be compared with the great Men of England and sent them a safe Conduct and that he hoped they would not stay beyond the next day
Sea where William Talvace Earl of Sees and his Son John and his Grandchild John the Son of his eldest Son Guido Earl of Pontheu [6.] Chron. Norm f. 1000. C. The Earl of Sees delivers his Castles to King Henry delivered to him the Castles of Alencon and Roc-Mabine with what belonged to them and they lost them for the ill Practises of them and their Predecessors which King Henry abolished From thence he went into Britany with an Army and there [7.] Ibid. D. Joh. Bromton ut supra n. 40. King Henry Marries his Son Geofry to the Daughter of the Duke of Britany And reduceth the Country to his Obedience made a Match between his Son Geofry and Constance Daughter and Heir of Conan Duke of Britan lately dead though neither of them Marriagable where though he found opposition yet he soon reduced his Enemies and the Country to obedience he besieged the Castle of Fougeres in the Confines of Normandy and Britany took and rased it to the ground At Touars he received the Homage of almost all the Barons and from thence he went to Rennes which is the chief City and by that was seised or took possession of the whole Dukedom and because he had neither seen Dol nor Combourgh he visited them in the way to his Devotions at Mont-St Michael At Christmass King Henry was at [8.] Chron. Noâ—man f. 1101. A. King Henry marcheth into Avergn and asserts the Title of the Disinherited Earl Poictiers where his Son Henry came to him from England In Lent he had a Conference with the Earl of St. Giles at Grammont After Easter he marcheth with his Army into Avergn and wasted the Lands of Earl William who engaged upon his Faith to stand to Justice in the presence of the King in relation to his Nephew the young Earl of Avergn whom he had disinherited but he broke his Faith went over to the King of France and made Discord between them On Trinity [9.] Ibid B. An. Do 1166. A Treaty of Peace between the two Kings without effect They burn each others Towns and Villages Sunday the two Kings met in Veuxin where they Treated of Peace but the great Men of France exasperated their King against King Henry and so nothing was then done whereupon both sides fortified their Castles and brought together what Forces they could The King of France burnt several Villages between Mant and Pacey King Henry provoked by that Action though with great deference to King Lewis saith the Chronicle burnt the Strong and Rich Castle of Chaumont by Gisors which was the King of France his Magazine of Victuals and there also his Money was lodged to carry on the War with very many Villages about it At which the King of France was much moved and burnt Vadum Nigasiâ— that is Gany L'Isle and other Villages in Veuxin belonging to the Abby of St. Owen in Roven he burnt also the good Town of Andeli Sur Sein which belonged to St. Mary and the Arch-Bishop of Roven and wasted some other places appertaining to the Church of Holy Trinity of that City In August there was a [1.] Ibidem C. D. A Truce between the two Kings King Henry subdued Britany Maud the Empress dies Leaves great Treasure to Monasteries and the Poor Gives a great Sum toward the building a Stone Bridge at Roven Truce made and Sworn by both Kings until Easter From hence King Henry went into Britany and brought under his subjection all the Britans and those of St. Pol de Leon for Gaimar Son of Henry Viscount of that Town gave Pledges and submitted to the King being much affrighted when he saw his very strong Castle taken and burnt and other places either taken or rendred While he was thus busied in Britany a Messenger came to him with the News of his Mother Maud the Empresses death She died the Tenth of September at Roven and was buried at the Abby of Bec. Thesauros infinitos c. Her Son distributed her vast Treasure to Churches Monasteries Lepers and other Poor for the health of her Soul She built three Monasteries in Normandy and gave a great Sum of Money toward building the Stone Bridge at Roven which she had begun The greatest part of the [2.] Ibidem f. 1002. Anno Dom. 1167. The Poictovins and Anjovins Conspire against King Henry He burns and wastes their Country They apply themselves to the King of France Poictovins and Aquitans Conspired against King Henry and wasted the Country with Burning and Rapine he marcheth into their Country destroys their Towns and Villages takes their Castles and puts Garisons into them of his own Soldiers and leaves those Countries to the Care of his Queen and Patrick Earl of Salisbury while he goes to meet the King of France eight days after Easter between Mant and Pacey to Discourse and Expostulate with him about the Injuries he had received from him for the Poictovins had applied themselves to the King of France and put themselves under his Protection and given him Pledges for their Fidelity to him notwithstanding they were King Henry's proper Subjects There was great Debate between the two Kings about this Matter The Truce continued but the King of France would not deliver his Hostages though received against Justice and therefore the Truce was only prolonged until eight days after Midsummer Before the last [3.] Ibidem C. D. The Britans Confederate against the King of England Truce was made the King of England had Summoned Eudo Vicecomes or Viscount of Porhoet who by a false Title was called Earl he had received many kindnesses from the King yet refused to come to his Service and Assistance having Confederated with other Britans to wit Oliver Fitz-Oliver of Dinan and his Cousin Rowland King Henry was very angry with them and began first with Eudo who was the Chief he took his chief Castle He reduceth them by Fire and Sword and burnt and wasted all his Territories he took from him the County of Broguerec whereof the City of Vannes was the Head and took possession of that also After this he marched to Dinan and took that and all the Fortresses in the Country about it into his possession Then he went to the Lands of Rowland and plundered and burnt them Eight [4.] Ibid. D. An unsuccessful Treaty days after Midsummer the two Kings came together again at Ferte-Bernard a Castle in Main near the edge of Perch to Treat of Peace and as before departed without success for the Britrins and Poictovins when they gave Hostages to the King of France he Covenanted with them That he should make no Peace with the King of England without their Consent The two Kings fortifie their Borders Hereupon both sides fortifie their Borders and this sort of skirmishing or fighting continued until Advent King [5.] Ibidem A. B. The Earl of Pontheu denies the Earl of Bologn passage through his Country The Earl of Bologn
England the Dukedom of Normandy and Earldoms of Anjou and Main and left his youngest Son John to be provided for and maintained by him [1.] F. 296. b. n. 40. But Roger Hoveden says he gave unto John the Earldom of Moreton in Normandy To his Son Richard he gave the Dukedom of Aquitan with all its Appurtenances to be holden of the King of France And to his Son Geofry the Earldom of Britany with the Daughter and Heir of Earl Conan to be holden of the King of France After King [1.] Rog. Hov. f. 298. a. n. 50. An. Do. 1170. King Henry claims the Arch-Bishoprick of Bourges c. Henry was perfectly Recovered of his great fit of Sickness he laid claim to the Arch-Bishoprick of Bourges as belonging to the Dukedom of Aquitan which Lewis King of France denied from whence great Discord arose between the two Kings The King of England came into Berry with an Army to take possession of it encouraged thereunto by the Confession of the Arch-Bishop then upon his Death-Bed That of Right it did belong to the Dutchy of Aquitan A Truce between the two Kings but the King of France coming likewise with an Army into that Country prevented his Design and the Discord ended in a Truce until the Feast of St. Hillary following Next year King Henry being in Ireland and busie about the Conquest and Establishment thereof of which more afterward he had [2.] Ibid. f. 302. b. n. 30. news of the two Cardinals Theodinus and Albertus the Popes special Legats coming into Normandy with mighty haste he comes from Wexford arrives in Milford-Haven and with great dispatch proceeds to Portsmouth from whence with his Son Henry he passeth into Normandy and finds the two Cardinals at Caen by their Advice he was reconciled to King Lewis concerning the Crowning of his Daughter so as he sent back his Son into England and with him Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven Giles Bishop of Evreux Young King Henry and his Wife Margaret both Crowned An. Do. 1172. and Roger Bishop of Worcester to Crown him and Margaret his Wife and they performed that Solemnity at Winchester in the Church of St. Swithin on the 27 th of August 1172. After this about the [3.] Ibidem f 304. a. n. 20 30. Feast of All-Saints the new King of England with his Queen according to his Fathers Command though much against his Will went into Normandy when he came to his Father he sent him to the King of France who had a desire to see and speak with his Daughter he received them both with great Joy and Honour and they staid some time with him The King of France makes Discord between the two Kings Father and Son and sets the Son to demand either England or Normandy of his Father for a Subsistance From this Visit there arose great Mischief as well to France as England for King Lewis who always hated the King of England advised the new King that presently upon his return into Normandy he should Require of his Father either all England or all Normandy as a Subsistance for him and his Wife and directed him that if his Father would grant neither he should return into France to him In the mean time the King suspecting the Fraud and Malice of the King of France of which he had had often experience sent for his Son and his Wife they came to him Towards Christmass he went into Anjou and left his Son and Daughter in Law in Normandy Walsingham Reports [4.] Hypod. Neustr f. 447. n. 40. Queen Alienor suspected to have caused Division between her Husband and Son That whilst the King was in Ireland Hugo de St. Maur and Ralph de Faia the Queens Uncle as 't was said by her instigation began to avert the Mind of the young King from his Father suggesting to him It seemed indecent to all Men that any Man should be a King without a Country or Dominion About this time [5.] â—en Ab. â— 43. a. Adam de Port outlawed for Treason not appearing upon Summons one Adam de Port was impeached of Treason for Conspiring the Kings death and because being summoned by the King he would not stand to Judgment he was Outlawed from England After [6.] Hoved. f. 304. a. n. 40. Christmass King Henry sent for his Son to Chinon in Anjou from whence they went to Averng to * In Hoveden 't is Montferrat but mistaken for Clermont Clermont to meet and Treat with Hubert Earl of Maurania now Savoy about a Marriage between his youngest Son John and his Daughter Alice with whom he was to have had her Fathers Dominions This Treaty of Marriage was performed and concluded with the greatest State and Solemnity imaginable 't is long and because she died before it took effect I have omitted it From hence they both went to Limoges where [7.] Ibid. f. 305. a. n. 20. The Earl of St. Giles doth Homage to the King and his Son Richard for Tholose Raymund Earl of St. Giles came to them and became their Man or did Homage both to the King of England and Richard his Son Earl of Poictou to hold Tholose of them in Hereditary Right by the Service of coming to them upon Summons and staying in their Service forty days at his own Cost but if they would have him stay longer in their Service it was to be at their Charge and furthermore he was to give them for Tholose yearly One hundred Marks of Silver and ten Horses fit for War every of them to be worth Ten Marks The [8.] Ben. Ab. p. 45. b. Hov. f. 305. a. n. 30. The young King contradicts his Father Earl of Mauriana followed King Henry to Limoges to know what Lands or Possessions he would give his Son John and when he would have given him the Castles of Chinon Lodun and Mirabel the young King contradicted his Father and would not suffer him to do it for he took it very grievously that his Father would not assign him any of his Dominions where he and his Wife might keep their Residence when as he had desired England or Normandy The young Kings mind alienated from his Father or Anjou by the Counsel of the King of France and the Earls and Barons of Normandy that loved not his Father From this time he sought occasions and opportunity to recede from him and would in nothing hearken to his Advice Having [9.] Ben. Ab. p. 46. a. The young King leaves his Father therefore dispatched his Business at Limoges he hastned to come into Normandy as soon as he could and his Son with him Coming to Chinon the King staid there all Night his Son not having taken his leave of his Father went forward and on the Morrow was at Alencon and the next day at Argentom His Father followed him and that Night he was at Argentom his Father was at Alencon and that very Night about Cock-Crowing And
with the Earls and Barons of that Country that adhered to him very much pressed Richard And when he saw Geofry come with an Army to his Assiance not being able to resist both his Brothers he sent to his Father for help who raised a great Army An. Do. 1183. and marched with speed and besieged the Castle of Limoges which but a little before had been delivered to his Son King Henry While the King was before [7.] Ibidem f. 353. a. b. Young Henry and Geofrey Confederate against their Father Limoges his two Sons Geofry and Henry that understood one another very well pretended to their Father they would reconcile the Barons of Aquitan and Poictou to him and his Son Richard and as they pretended went to several Places to meet and Treat with them and there Confederated with them against him and he thinking himself now safe with his Sons had no great number with him at Limoges whereby he was exposed to much danger which his Sons knew but gave him no notice of it But Geofry taking the advantage pillaged and miserably wasted his Fathers Countries In the mean time Henry in a fit of Devotion under pretence of an old Vow takes upon him the Cross and would go against the mind and persuasion of his Father into the Holy Land his Father as he thought finding his Son resolute bemoaned him with many Tears and told him since he would go his Equipage and Company should equal if not exceed the Preparation of any Princes in Christendom But he executed his Design before his Journey for under pretence of Devotion visiting several Rich Monasteries he pillaged them and distributed what he got amongst his Soldiers and when he saw he could not destroy nor have his Will of his Father his [8.] Ibidem 354. a. lin 1. Young Henry dies at Martel Fury and Passion cast him into a great Sickness at a Town called Martel of which he died on the Eleventh of [9.] Chr. Nor. f. 1004. D. June After his [1.] Hov. ut sup n. 40. Several Castles delivered to the King which he either Garisoned or utterly demolished death his Father assaulted the Castle of Limoges from day to day while that and the City was delivered to him and with them all the Castles of his Enemies in that Country some whereof he Garisoned with his own Men others he demolished not leaving one Stone upon another And now the King of France upon his Death [2.] Ibidem n. 50. The King of France demands the Dower of young Henry's Widow demanded the Dower of his Sister young King Henry's Widow and also the whole Land of Veuxin with the Castles and Munitions his Father King Lewis gave in Marriage with her upon which coming to a Conference between Gisors and Trie they thus Agreed That the Widow for her * Pro quieta clamantia quiet Claiming or Relinquishing all the before demanded Premises should receive every year of the King of England at Paris Seventeen hundred and fifty Pounds of Anjou Money and from his Heirs so long as she lived Now Geofry Earl of Britany [3.] Ibidem b. lin 1. John refuses to do Homage to his Brother Richard returned to his Father and made Peace with him and with his Brother Richard Earl of Poictou To whom King Henry Commanded he should receive the Homage of his Brother John for that Country which he held of the Earldom of Aquitan but he would not Pope Lucius the Third not able [4.] Ibidem b. n. 40. This Pope was expelled the City of Rome by the Senators upon some difference that arose between them Platin. f. 181. The King sends an Aid of Gold and Silver to Pope Lucius to resist the Romans sent his Legats to all Kings and Princes as well Secular as Ecclesiasticks for an Aid for the Defence of St. Peter against them His Messengers came to King Henry requiring Aid of him and the Clergy of England The King Consulting his Bishops and Clergy concerning this Request they advised he should give an Aid suitable to his Honour and Good Will for him and their selves for it was more tolerable and better pleased them that he should receive Recompence from them than that the Popes Messengers or Legats should be permitted to come into England to take it of them by which means there might arise a Custom to the detriment of the Kingdom The King took their Advice and made the Pope a great Aid in Gold and Silver with which and the Money of other Princes the Pope made a Peace with the Romans necessary for himself and for the Church This year [5.] Ibidem f. 355. a. n. 10. King Henry does Homage to the King of France at a Conference between King Henry and Philip King of France between Gisors and Trie on the Tenth of September he did Homage to the King of France for all his Transmarin Dominions which he never would do before that time Next [6.] Ib. n. 20. An. Do. 1184. year on the Tenth of June the King came into England and the Dutchess of Saxony his Daughter with him and not long after made [7.] Ibidem b. n. 20. The Kings Sons reconciled Peace and Agreement between his Sons Richard Geofry and John which was written and confirmed by their Oaths before their Mother Queen Alienor Henry Duke of Saxony their Brother in Law and many others This year the [8.] Ibidem f. 3â—6 a. lin 3. The King of South-Wales swears Fealty to King Henry Welsh grew very troublesome they wasted the Kings Lands and killed his Men. To subdue them the King went with a great Army to Worcester Rese the King of South-Wales fearing his Power upon safe Conduct granted by the King came thither and sware Fealty to him and also sware he would deliver as Hostages or Pledges to the King his Son and Grandchildren who when he should have brought them to the King would not come with him The Winter [9.] Ib. f. 358. a. n. 20. following died Gilbert the Usurper of Galway in Scotland who had Murthered his Brother Vctred whose Son Rolland taking the advantage of his Uncles death and of his Son Dunecan being in Custody of the King of England as an Hostage or Pledge for his Fathers Fidelity invaded and obtained that Country The Patriarch of Jerusalem [1.] Ibidem n. 30. The King sollicited to send Relief to the Holy Land and the two great Masters of the Hospital and Temple came into England sent by Baldwin King of Jerusalem the Templars and Hospitallers to the King who met them at Reding where they presented him with the Royal Banner the Keys of the Sepulchre and of the Tower of David and City of Jerusalem with Pope Lucius's Letters by which very meanly he endeavours to excite the King to undertake the Relief and Protection of the Holy Land The King promiseth [2.] Ibidem b. n. 30 40. them an Answer on the first
Strigul to assist him and earnestly beseech him to send for them that he might put his design in Execution He wrote to Richard Earl of Strigul to let him know that the Spring and Autumn were come and gone without seeing of him or receiving the least assistance from him and therefore desired him to make good his Agreement The Earl upon receit of his Letters went to King Henry and earnestly supplicated him either to restore his Hereditary Lands according to Justice or give him leave to make his Fortune in some other Nation And having received a [5] Ibid. c. 13. dissembled rather than true License after Winter he sent before a Young Man of his Family called * He was Nephew to Maurice and Fitz-Stephan by their Elder Brother Reymund sent by Earl Richard into Ireland with Forces Reymund a stout and valiant Person and well skilled in the use of Arms with ten Knights or Men at Arms and seventy Archers who landed at the beginning of May in Ireland under a Rock called (g) Dundolf is a Rock in the [6] Holinsh ut supra f. 12. n. 40. County of Waterford by the Sea-side lying East from the City about eight English Miles and is from the Town of Wexford about twelve Miles It is now a Castle called by the name of Dundorogh Dundolf four Miles from Waterford on the South side of Wexford where they built a weak Castle of Boughs of Trees Wood and Turf The News no sooner came to the Citizens of Waterford and Machlachlin Ophelan but they gather together a Body of 3000 men and passing the River Siver they marched towards the Ditches of the Castle in three Divisions with intention to assault it Such was the Courage of Reymund that he and his men went forth to meet them who oppressed with number and not able to resist returned to their Castle and Trenches their Enemies persuing and entring with them Reymund seeing in what streights they were He obtains a great Victory of the Irish faced about towards the Enemy and with his Sword cut them down one by one as they entred and with a great out-cry he called back his men to his defence which struck Terror into his Enemies that they gave back and fled in such confusion and disorder that Reymund and his men persuing them killed above five hundred with their Swords and Weapons and threw many of them who had climed steep Rocks for their own safety into the Sea In this Conflict one William Ferrand was very Famous for his wonderful Courage and Exploits By this Victory [7] Girald Ibid. c. 14 5. Many of the Citizens of Waterford taken Prisoners they had seventy of the chief Citizens of Waterford Prisoners and in Bonds within their Castle for whom they might either have had the Town or a great Sum of Money concerning these men Hervey of Mount-Maurice who had joyned him at his first landing with three Knights or men at Arms and Reymund were of a contrary opinion Reymund was for their Redemption by Money and urged That it was against the Principles of Humanity Piety and Honor to destroy them Hervey urged that to spare them was to nourish Serpents in their Bosoms and but to give them an opportunity of revenging themselves and put the Question That if the Victory had been on their side whether they would have sold them their Lives and out of Piety given them leave of Redemption He was for doing what they came for subduing the Nation by Arms and Power and by this Example so to affrighten the People as they should not dare to oppose or resist them This opinion pleased the Soldiers best The Prisoners cruelly destroyed and so fisrt breaking their Limbs they threw them headlong into the Sea On the 23 d of August following Earl [8] Ibid c 16 A. D. 1170. Strongbowe overthrows Mac-Laghlin and takes him Prisoner Richard Strongbowe landed near Waterford with 200 Horse-men or men at Arms and about 1000 others and on the 25 th in the Morning assaulted that Town and was twice repelled by the Citizens and the remains of those that escaped at Dundolf but upon the third attack they entred killed very many in the Streets and obtained a Bloody Victory They took Mac-Laghlin Prince of (h) Ophaly or Ossalie was that part of Leinster which is now called the Kings County Camd. Britan. f. 746. Ophaly and one Reginald who by the mediation of Dermot had their Lives saved and with him came Maurice Fitz-Girald Robert Fitz-Stephan and Reymund and joyned their Forces with Earl Richard to whom Dermot gave his Daughter Eva in Marriage after which Solemnity they marched to Dublin And so soon as they came before it [9] Ibid. c. 17. Dublin assaulted and taken Reymund and Miles Cogan with a select Company of brave young men assaulted and made themselves Masters of it and killed many Citizens but the Governor Hasculf and the better part of them with the best of their Goods and Jewels got out of the other side of the City and recovered the Ships in the Road and sailed to the Northern Isles Roderic King of Connaught was much concerned at these [1] Ibidem Roderic threatens to put Dermot's Son to death Proceedings of Dermot and sent to him to let him know that he had broken the Peace between them by calling so great a number of Strangers into the Island and that he neither was mindful of his Oath nor compassionate towards his Hostage which was his Son and therefore gave him notice that if for the future he did not restrain the Excursions of his Strangers he would cut off his Sons Head and send it him To which Dermot answered that he would not desist until he had subdued Connaught and made himself Monarch of all Ireland according to his right Roderic provoked with this Answer condemned his Son to death About this time [2] Ibid. c. 18. The Irish Clergy hold a Council at Ardmagh the Irish Clergy met in Council at Ardmagh consulted together and inquired into the cause of Strangers coming into their Land and concluded it was for the Sins of the People and especially for that they used to buy English Children of Merchants and Pirats and make them Slaves and for this reason they thought they lay under Divine Vengeance and by publick consent made a Decree That all the English that were in Servitude The Irish Clergy Decree that all English Slaves be â—et at Liberty should have their Liberty The Historian tells us the English by a common Vice of the Country had a Custom to [3] Ibidem fell their Children and Kinsfolks though they were neither in want or extream Poverty King Henry hearing what progress the [4] Ibid. c. 19. A D. 1170. King Henry recalls his English Subjects from Ireland Earl made and what Success he had in Ireland put forth an Edict by which he prohibited all his Subjects from carrying any thing by
into Ireland and goes from thence through England into Normandy to meet the Cardinals His Son and his Wife Margaret Crowned at Winchest A. D. 1172. They return into Normandy the King was at Dublin in Ireland and there remained until the beginning of Lent and then removed to Wexford where he staid until Easter Then Knowing That the Cardinals Theodin and Albert were sent into Normandy from the Pope He setled the affairs in Ireland as well as he could and passed to Milford Haven from thence to St. Davids from thence to Portsmouth from whence carrying along with him his Son Henry he passed into Normandy and found the Cardinals at Caen and by their advice made an agreement with the King of France about the Crowning of his Daughter and also by their Consent and advice sent back his Son into England and with him Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven Giles Bishop of Eureux and Roger Bishop of Worcester to Crown him and Margaret his Wife the Daughter of King Lewis and They Crowned them at Winchester in the Church of St. Swithen on the 27th of August And presently after the Coronation The King the Son and the Queen his Wife The Arch-Bishop of Roven and the Bishops of Eureux and Worcester Returned into Normandy About a moneth after [8] Append. N. 61. King Henry's Purgation for the Death of Thomas on the 27th of September Henry King of England the father and King Henry his Son and Rotrod Arch-Bishop of Roven and all the Bishops and Abbats of Normandy met at Abrinces now Auranches in the presence of Theodin and Albert the Cardinals In whose Audience The King of England the Father in the Church of St. Andrew the Apostle purged himself and asserted his innocence by Oath upon the Reliques of Saints and the holy Gospels That he neither Commanded nor desired the Arch-Bishop should be Slain and when he heard it he Grieved vehemently But because those Malefactors that Killed him could not be had and because he feared they might have perpetrated that Prophane Deed by Reason of the Commotion and Trouble they Observed in his mind he made the following Oath of Satisfaction Hâ—s Oath of satisfaction and Pennance First he Sware That he would not Dâ—part from Pope Alexander nor his Catholic Successors so long as they Acknowledged him a Catholic King He Sware also That he would not Hinder nor Suffer to be hindred Appeals but that they might freely be made in his Kingdom to the Pope in Ecclesiastical Causes But so as if any persons were suspected by him They should give security they would do no injury to him nor his Kingdom He Sware That from Christmass following he would undertake the Crusado and go to Jerusalem for three years and That if he were Diverted by going into Spain against the Saracens he would Give the Templars so much money as by their own judgment should be sufficient for the Mainteining 200 Souldiers one year for the Defence of the Land of Jerusalem He Pardoned all Clercs and Laics which were in Exile with Thomas and Granted they might freely and in Peace return to their own again He Sware also That he would Restore the possessions of the Church of Canturbury if any had been taken away as fully as it injoyed them a year before the Arch-Bishop went out of England He Sware also That the Customs which were brought in Contrary to the Churches of his Land in his time should be wholly laid aside and dismissed All these things he Sware to Observe in good Faith and without Deceit and Caused his Son Henry to do the like except in such things as referred to his own person And That they might remain in the memory of the Roman Church The King the Father caused his Seal to be put to the Writing which conteined these Articles or Heads together with the Seals of the Cardinals Who upon this Purgation Submission and Satisfaction Granted him a [9] Append. N. 62. Chart of Absolution On the Morrow after the Cardinals held a great [1] Hoved. f. 303. b. n. 50. A great Council in Normandy with the Decrees Council with the Arch-Bishop and Bishops and Clergy of Normandy and then and there the following Decrees were made and injoyned to be observed inviolably by all men I. That Children [2] Append. n. 63. A. D. 1172. should not be admitted to the Government and administration of Churches with Cure of Souls II. The Sons of Priests should not be placed in the Churches of their Fathers III. a. Lords of Maners that built Churches upon their fee put in Priests to serve the Cure and received such profits of the Church as they and the Priest agreed upon and the Priests only staid in the Cure as long as they pleased Laics should not receive part of the oblations of the Church IV. b. This fourth Canon was to the same purpose for they let them out annually to such as would serve the Cure and give most for them That Churches should not be Committed to annual Vâ—cars V. That the Priests of great Churches which had sufficient Revenues should be Compelled to have another Priest under him VI. That Priests should not be Ordained without a certain Title VII Churches should not be let to annual farm VIII That nothing of the third part of the Tithes should be taken from the Priest that officiated IX c. That is such as built the Churches and were Patrons had liberty to present the first Clerc but not afterwards that was against the Liberty of the Church and Canons for investitures Those which held Titles by haereditary right might have leave to give them to what qualifyed Clerc he would upon Condition that * i e. after the first presentation after him They should revert to the Church to which they belonged X. The Husband ought not to turn Monk or Religious his wife staying in the World or remaining Secular Nor on the Contrary unless they were both past the works of the Flesh XI In the Advent of the Lord fasting and abstinency from flesh was Commanded to all that could bear it Especially to Clercs and Knights or Military Men. XII Jews or Jewish Clercs should not Exercise secular Authorities i. e. Covetous and Vsurers XIII Item de * These were French not English pounds novis libris Excommunicationis c. And the Goods of Dying people which the Priests carryed away and the Blessings in Marriage and Baptism and of the Forty and Eight pounds which were Exacted for the absolution of Excommunicated persons nothing was perfected because the Bishops of Normandy would not receive that Decree King Henry the Father [3] Hoved. f. 307. a. n. 40. King Henry gives the Arch-Bishopric to Richard Prior of Dover c. against the Prohibition of King Henry his Son and after an Appeal made to the Pope gave to Richard the Prior of Dover the Arch-Bishopric of Canturbury To Reginald the Son of Iocelin Bishop of Salisbury
investing them in their Earldoms girt William Marshal with the Sword of the Earldom of Striguil and Geofry Fitz-Peter with the Sword of the Earldom of Essex who though before they were called Earls and had the Administration of their Counties or Earldoms yet were not Girt with the Sword of their Earldoms The same day also he made [2] Ibidem Hubert Archbishop of Canturbury his Chancellor The King of Scots [3] Ibid. n. 50. The King of Scots reneweth his Demands by three Priors of his own Nation Reneweth his Demand of Northumberland and Tumberland and made the same promises King Iohn Answered them That when their Lord the King of Scots his Dear Cousin came to him he would do what was just concerning that and all his other Demands [4] Ibid. b. lin 5. And sent Philip Bishop of Durham to meet him hoping he would come having sent Roger Bishop of St. Andrews and Hugh Malevise for him and went himself to Nottingham at Whitsunday and staid in those parts in Expectation of him but he would not come he only sent back the two Messengers to him with demand of the two Counties and to let him Know if he denyed his demands he would endeavor to acquire them by force and expected his Answer within Forty Days In the mean time King Iohn committed Northumberland and Tumberland with their Castles to the keeping and defence of William Stutevil And having dispatched his Affairs in England passed into Normandy and landed at Diepe King John passeth into Normandy and was at Roven on [5] Ibid. n. 30 40. And makes a Truce with the King of France Midsummer Day where came to him a Multitude of Soldiers Horse and Foot and presently there was a Truce made between him and the King of France until the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary that is the 16th of August and here Philip Earl of Flanders did Homage to King Iohn six days before that Feast Philippus comes Flandriae devenit homo Regis Iohannis apud Rothomagum c. Henry [6] Ibid. f. 452. a.n. 10. France and Normandy interdicted Earl of Namur brother to Philip Earl of Flanders Peter of Donay a Famous Soldier and his Brother the Elect of Cambray were taken by some of the French Kings Soldiers and delivered to him Peter of Capua a Cardinal and the Pope's Legat interdicted France for the taking of the Elect of Cambray as also Normandy for the Detention of Philip Bishop of Beavais and before he would release the Sentence the King of France was forced to Release the Elect and King Iohn the Bishop of Bravais But because he was taken in Arms he gave King Iohn 2000 Marks Paris [7] f. 198. n. 50. says 6000 and took an Oath never to bear Arms again against Christians Philip King of France [8] Hoved. f 452. a. n. 10.20 The King of France Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and received his Homage Knighted Arthur Duke of Britany and Received his Homage for Anjou Poictou Tourain Main Britany and Normandy In the Morrow after the Assumption of St. Mary August 16th the two Kings treated two Days by their Commissioners between Buravant and Gaâ—llon and the third Day they spake by themselves but the King of France shew no Kindness to the King of England and the reason was because he had possessed himself of Normandy and other Countries without his Licence whereas he ought first to have come to him and demanded his Right and done him Homage In this Treaty [9] Ibid. n. 30. His Demands of King John the King of France Demanded all Veuxin That is all between the Forest of Lions the Seyn the Isle of Andeli and the River Ept. Affirming that Geofry Earl of Anjou the Father of Henry Son of Maud the Empress had given it to Lewis the Gross King of France for his assistance in gaining Normandy from King Stephan of England And Demanded that Poictou Anjou Tourain and Main might be rendred to Arthur Duke of Britany and made other Demands the King of England could not Grant King Richards riches adhered to King John and so they Departed The Earls and Barons of France that had adhered to King Richard became the men of King Iohn and Sware to him they would not make Terms with the King of France unless with his Consent and he Swore to them he would not make Peace with him unless they were comprehended in it In October the King of France [1] Ib. b. l. 1. took the Castle of Balun which was taken ill by William de Rupibus or Roche General of Duke Arthurs Forces was sent to him that there was no such Agreement between his Lord Arthur and him The King replyed he should not omit to do his pleasure notwithstanding his Lord Arthur and then went and besieged Lavardin [2] Ibid. l. 7. but hearing the King of England was coming with his Army left the Siege and marched to Mans King Iohn followed him and he left that place In the mean time William de Roche had craftily gotten Arthur out of the [3] Ib. n. 10. Arthur reconciled to King John and made Governor of Mans. custody of the King of France and reconciled him to his Uncle King John and delivered to him the City of Mans of which he was made Governor by them both and the very same day it was told Duke Arthur that King Iohn would put him in prison whereupon he and his Mother that night made their escape to Anger 's Paris [4] f. 198. n. 30. says he went privately to the King of France William * Hoved. f. 453. a. n. 30. A. D. 1199. William King of Scots admonished by a Revelation not to invade England King of Scots in pursuance of his Claim to the Counties of Northumberland and Cumberland raised an Army with intention to invade England but coming to the Shrine of St. Margaret sometime Queen of Scotland which was at Dunfermlin where he stays all night he was admonished by a Revelation in his Sleep That he should not invade England with his Army and so he permitted it to depart home or discharged it Permisit exercitum suum Domum redire After Christmass the two [5] Hoved. f. 454. b. n. 10.20 A. D. 1200. A Treaty between King John and King Philip. Kings met at a Treaty between Andeli and Gaillon in which Treaty they agreed That Lewis Son to the King of France should take to wife Blanch the Daughter of Alfonso the Eighth King of Castile King Iohns Niece with whom he was to give and quiet claim the City of Eureux and the whole Earldom and all the Fortresses and Castles which the King of France had in Normandy at the time of the death of King Richard and besides give her 30000 Marks of Silver and did Swear That he would not give any assistance to his Nephew Otho in Men or Money whereby he might obtain the Roman Empire to which
an Earl and Duke Therefore though he was a King anointed yet as he was an Earl or Duke he was under the Iurisdiction of his Lord the King of Fâ—ance But if an Earl or Duke Committed a Crime in the Kingdom of France he might and ought to be Judged by his Peers [1] Ibid. n. 40. and if he were neither Duke or Earl or Liege Man of the King of France and had Committed a Crime in the Kingdom of France yet by Reason the Crime was Committed in France the Barons might Judge him to Death otherwise if the King of England because he was an anointed King who was then a Peer of France could not be Judged to Death might safely enter the Kingdom of France and Kill the Barons of that Kingdom as he had Killed his Nephew Arthur The Monk [2] Ibid. n. 50. Quere Why the Monk said this tells us the truth of the Matter was thus That King John was not justly adjudged from the Dukedom of Normandy because he was not Judicially but Violently thrust out of it For that he sent Eustace Bishop of Ely and Hubert de Burgh to let the King of France know The Mutual Objections Answers and Replys c. That he would Willingly appear in his Court and was ready to stand to the Law in all things if he might have a safe Conduct The King of France answered he should come safely The Bishop then asked him And shall he return safely [3] Ibid. fol. 284. lin 1. Of the King of France and the Envoys of the King of England To which the King returned If his Peers would permit him And when the King of England's Envoys pressed that he might safely come into and return out of France King Philip sware by the Saints of his own Country he should not depart without Iudgment or Tryal [4] Ibid. lin 4. Concerning his Answering in the Court of France The Bishop urged the Dangers that might happen by his coming without Safe-Conduct and that he could not come to his Court as Duke of Normandy but he must come as King of England when as the same person was both King and Duke which the Baronage of England would no ways permit though the King would submit to it For he must either run the Hazard of Imprisonment or Death as a Peer of that Kingdom To which the King of France Rebutted And what is this my Lord Bishop 'T is well known the Duke of Normandy my Tenant hath violently acquired England and if he suddenly hath acquired any greater Honor shall this prejudice his Capital Lord shall He lose by it Certainly not [5] Ibid. n. 10. To which saith the Monk the King of England's Messengers could Surrebutt or answer nothing and so returned home But adds [6] Ibid. Mat. Paris his Opinion about the Condemnation of King John in the Court of France The Monk notwithstanding what the King of England's Envoys said the Great Men of France proceeded to Judgment which justly they ought not to have done because he that was judged was absent and would have appeared if he could And therefore King John being condemned by his Adversaries was not justly condemned [7] Ibid. n. 20. The Popes Opinion about the Death of Duke Arthur The Pope says Duke Arthur was taken by his Vncle at the Castle of Mirebel after he had done Homage and Ligeance to him and therefore might be put to Death without Judgment Secondly [8] Ibid. n. 30.40 The second Objection against King John and the Popes answer The Replies of Lewis his Envoys to the Pope 'T was Objected against King John That he was often Cited to appear in the Court of the King of France and neither appeared personally nor sent any one to appear for him The Pope answered This was only Contumacy and not a Mortal Crime and was otherwise to be punished and therefore the Barons could not judge him to Death Lewis his Messengers replyed That it was the Custom of France That if any one was accused of Murther and appeared not but sent his excuse he was judged as Convicted in all things and the Issue of him barred from Inheriting To which the Pope answered again That suppose King John had been Judged to Death and his Issue barred which could only be for his Territories in France His Answers to them again yet Blanch the Wife of Lewis ought not to succeed but either the Sister of Arthur or Otho Son of Henry Duke of Saxony by her Eldest Sister Maud or the King of Castile her Brother or the Queen of Leon her Eldest Sister [9] Ibid. f. 285. lin 1. To which Lewis his Envoys again Replyed That she had a Title which was good while others appeared and if any nearer to it afterwards claimed Lewis might do what he thought fit or what he ought to do 3. To these things the [1] Ibid. l. 5. The Pope asserts his own Title Pope said the Kingdom of England was his property and that Lewis ought not to spoil him of his Kingdom by War To this Lewis his Commissioners Answered The War was begun before the Pope could pretend to it [2] Ibid. n. 10. Lewis his Envoys indeavour to invalidate it For William Longe-spee and many with him came and invaded Lewis his Territories Therefore his War was just against the King of England that sent him [3] Ibid. The Popes Answer to their Argument for War against King John The Pope answered Lewis ought not to make War upon him for what his Vassal had done but to make his complaint to him as his Lord. To this the Commissioners Replyed [4] Ibidem The Reply of Lewis his Envoys There was a Custome in France That when any Vassal made War upon any one by Authority of his Lord he might make War upon him again without complaining to his Lord. [5] Ibid. n. 30. The Pâ—pes Argument against the War The Reply of Lewis his Commissioners The Pope urged further That the Barons were Excommunicated and all their Favorers by which means Lewis would incur the pain of Excommunication To this his Commissioners replyed he did not favor or Cherish the Barons of England but prosecuted his own right And that he believed neither the Pope nor so great a Council would Excommunicate any man injustly for that at the time of declaring the Sentence they knew not what right he had to the Kingdom of England [6] Ibid. n. 40 The Popes Resolution And after all the Pope said he would determine nothing until that he heard from his Legat Walo This was the Discourse between the Pope and Lewis his Envoyes their mutual Objections Answers Replyes c. Lewis [7] Ibid. n. â—0 Lewis waâ—â—s Essex Norfolk and Suffolk and returns with the Spoils to London He makes Gilbert de Gant Earl of Lincoln and sends him to Block up Nottiâ—gham and Newark Castles made a great Cavalcade into the East of England the
If the Treasury of Octavian were to be sold the City of London were able to purchase it This year on the 13th of October [7] fol. 751. n. 10 20. A new Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold 15 days the King with many Prelates and Great met at London to celebrate the Memory of the Translation of St. Edward and caused a New Fair to be proclaimed at Westminster to continue 15 days and prohibited all other Fairs that used to be kept at that time of the year throughout all England and also all Trading in the City of London within Doors and without during that time That this Fair at Westminster might be the more plentifully stored and frequented with all sorts of Goods and People This year the Pope [8] fol 754. n. 30 40 50. The Pope sendeth his Italians to be Beneficed in England continued his Extortions from and Oppressions of the English and sent his Italians to be without delay beneficed in England whereof One was sent to the Abbat of Abendune who made choice of the Church of St. Helens in the same Town worth 100 Marks by the year and the same day it became void the King send 's his Mandate to the Abbat to confer it upon * Adelmar afterwards Elect of Winchester The Abbat of St. Albans cited to Rome for refusing to accept one Ethelmarus his Brother by the Mothers side and the King would protect and indemnify him The Abbat yielded to the Kings Command Upon this the Pope cited the old Abbat to appear before him at Rome who being deserted by the King was constrained to take that wearisom and tedious Journey where after many difficulties and expences he compounded for fifty Marks A. D. 1â—49 In the year 1249. the King kept his [9] fol. 757. n. 20. Christmass at London and required of the Citisens New-years gifts Then he sent to the [1] fol. 758. n. 10 20 30 40 50. The Kings wants press him to ask Money of his Subjects Citisens of London to supply him with Money which they received with a heavy Heart and complained That that Liberty which was so often bought granted and Sworn to would not now distinguish them from Slaves of the meanest rank but at length with great reluctancy were constrained to pay 2000 pounds but this would not satisfy the Kings wants therefore he was forced to apply himself to his Great men one by one and requested them to Lend him Money both to supply his Necessities and pay his Debts and also to inable him to recover those Rights the King of France had invaded And in a most Submissive Manner made his urgent Necessities known to the Prelates and Abbats and begged of them either to give or lend him such or such a Sum of Money but could obtain nothing but Excuses or denyals unless from the Abbat of St. Albans from whom he received Sixty Marks This encouraged the King to hope the like success from other Prelates and Abbats and accordingly [2] fol. 759. lin 3. wrote to those of Essex and Hertford to Lend him Money for his present Necessities and gave them his promise Faithfully to repay the same This year [3] Ibid. n 20. Nicholas Bishop of Durham resigned his Bishopric Nicholas Bishop of Durham being sensible of his great Age and infirmity resigned his Bishopric and withdrew himself from all public Affairs to a private Life The King recommended [4] Ibid. n. 50. The King recommended his brother Ethelmar to the Convent The Monks refuse to choose him Aethelmarus his Brother to the Convent and by Messengers and repeated Entreaties would have persuaded them to choose him to be their Bishop To whom they replied that He had at his Coronation sworn to preserve the Church's Liberty and that the person recommended was neither of sufficient Age or Learning for so great a Charge The King Answered [5] fol. 760. lin 4. Then He would keep the Bishopric eight or nine Years in his hands and by that time He would be capable of it This year in June [6] fol. 767. n. 20. S. Montfort Earl of Leycester subdued the rebellious Gascoigns Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester although he had undertaken the Crusado passed over Sea into Gascoigny and subdued all that were in rebellion against King Henry and in every thing behaved himself with such fidelity and Courage that he gained the applause of all the Kings friends and the Name of a trusty Patriot This year on the 3d of July [7] fol. 770. n. 40. The King of Scots death dyed Alexander King of Scotland In the year 1250. King Henry kept his [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Christmass at Winchester and after the celebration came to London At the same time [8] fol. 772. n. 10. The Countess of Cornwal brought to bed of a Son Cincia Earl Richards Wife was brought to bed of a Son who was named Edmund Soon after many of the [9] Ibid. n. 50. Many of the Nobility and Bishops go over Sea Nobility of England for reasons not known passed over Sea Among whom were Richard Earl of Cornwal and the Earl of Glocester Henry de Hastings a Baron Roger de Turkebi and many other Nobles Besides the Bishops of Lincoln London and Worcester And with them the Archdeacons of Oxford and Bedford and many other Clercs On the Seventh of March the King and many of the Nobility and Clergy undertook the Crusado The King Noblemen and Clercs undertake the Crusado [1] Ibid. n. 50. There were in all about 500 Knights besides an innumerable Number of Esquires and Common Souldiers In May [2] fol. 777. n. 30 40 50. Earl Richard kindly received and treated by the Pope Earl Richard returned into England from the Court of Rome where he was received and treated both by the Pope and the Cardinals in a most Pompous and Magnificent manner to the admiration not only of the Citizens but of all strangers that were present at his entrance and saw his entertainment which Occasioned various Conjectures but most then thought That the Pope knew he was both Rich and Ambitious and at that time designed to promote him to the Empire At the same time the [3] fol. 779. n. 40. The Great men return into England again Earls of Glocester and Leycester with many other Great men and Prelates returned into England About Midsummer there was great [4] fol. 783. n. 10. Great Stirs in London about some Liberties of the City Stir in the City of London about some Liberties of the Citisens the King had granted to the Abbat of Westminster the Maior with the whole Community of the City made their complaint to the King but could obtain no Remedy Then they applied themselves to Earl Richard and to the Earl of Leycester and some other Great men who went to the King and severely blamed him for infringing those Charters
de illis villis qui necessarii fuerint ad Inquisitiones illas faciendas Et ideo tibi praecipimus quod praedicta Hundreda Wapentakia Curias tam nostras quam aliorum teneri facias de caetero secundum quod praedictum est de tribus Septimanis in tres Septimanas exceptis praedictis duobus Turnis qui de caetero teneantur secundum quod prius teneri solebant Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium xi o die Octobris The INDEX A ABrincis vid. Hugh Adala Countess of Blois her endeavour to reconcile the King and Arch-bishop Anselme f. 260. E. William Fitz Adelin sent Procurator into Ireland f. 365. F. His Character Ibid. He is recalled f. 369. D. Adomar vid. Ethelmar Aedui who they were f. 6. F. Aelfred fighteth the Danes with various success f. 114. D. He is reduced to great streights Ibid. E. He obteined a great victory over them and forced them to beg peace f. 115. A. B. His great Force at Sea Ibid. C. His design to advance learning Ibid. D.E. His Charity Justice and Prudence f. 116. A. B. C. D. He erected Hundreds and Tithings Ibid. E. He made a Survey of all Counties Hundreds Tithings f. 117. l. 2. Agalmar Bishop of North-Elmham deposed f. 213. A. Agricola sent Governor into Britain f. 22. D. His Atchievements and Wisdom and Justice in the British Affairs f. 23. A c. His Conquests f. 24. A. B. C. He first made use of a Fleet Ibid. D. He overthrew the Caledonians f. 25. B. And Britains f. 26. A. B. His Policy to keep them under by Sea and Land Ibid. D. He is recalled by Titus and suspected to be poysoned f. 27. A. Agricola Disciple to Paelagius propagated his Masters Opinions in Britain f. 38. E. Alans who they were f. 37. B. F. Albamarle vid. William de Fortibus St. Albans Monastery founded by King Offa f. 109. B. The Abbat thereof cited to London by the Popes Legat f. 599. F. He appeals to the Pope but without remedy f. 600. A. B. The Church Interdicted f. 620. B. Alberic the Popes Legat in England and Scotland f. 293. E. He directs the choice of an Arch-Bishop of Canterbury Ibid. Albert the Popes Notary his Offer to Earl Richard f. 609. F. William de Albany made Governor of Rochester Castle by the Barons f. 503. lin 2. He is taken Prisoner by the King Ibid. B. Philip de Albiney beateth the French at Sea f. 526. F. He accompanied Earl Richard into Gascoigny f. 535. E. Alcuinus wrote against Image worship f. 109. A. Aldermannus a general word for many Officers f. 70. F. Alexander Caementarius mainteined King Johns Cause against the Pope f. 480. F. How he was punished by the Pope f. 481. lin 2. Alexander A Frier Minor the Popes Collector in England f. 598. E. Alexander King of Scotland doth Homage to Prince Lewes f. 514. D. He married Joanna King Henry the Thirds Sister f. 530. B. His Demands of King Henry f. 565. B. He refused to hold any thing of the King of England f. 590. A. An Agreement between him and King Henry f. 568. D. and 592. A. He refused the Popes Lâ—gat entrance into Scotland f. 568. E. His death f. 603. lin 1. Alexander his Son Married Margaret Daughter to King Henry f. 606. B. He doth Homage to King Henry Ibid. C. His modest Answer to King Henry's Demands Ibid. D. He and his Queen came into England f. 619. D. Alexander the Fourth Pope of Rome Invested Edmund the second Son to King Henry with the Kingdoms of Sicily and Apulia f. 614. D. He Decreed that every Bishop Abbat and Prior should come to Rome and compound for his Confirmation f. 622. B. He threatned to censure King Henry for his Excesses Ibid. F. He is appeased with 5000 Marks f. 623. lin 3. His death f. 636. A. Alfred Divided Shires into Hundreds f. 83. F. Algar Earl of Northumberland unjustly banished by Edward the Câ—nfessor f. 134. C. Alienor Wife to King Henry the Second released a great many Prisoners and who they were f. 419. E. F. She set her Son Henry against her Husband f. 311. F. She caused all Free-men to Swear fealty to her Son Richard f. 420. B. C. Alienor Daughter to the Earl of Provence Married to Henry the Third f. 563. A. She is brought to bed of a Daughter at Burdeaux f. 586. E. Almains why so called f. 58. E. Alodium what f. 204. D.E. Alphonso King of Castile his pretences to Gascoigny f 610. B. He quitteth them f. 611. F. Ambiani who they were f. 35. B E. Ambrosius Aurelius overthroweth the Saxons f. 95. F. Amianus Marcellinus his Account of the Saxons f. 57. F. Ancalites who they were f. 10. lin 2. An Anchorites Advice to the Monks of Bangor f. 103. C. Andeli Castle surrendred to King Philip of France f. 473 F. Anjou doth Homage to Henry the Third f. 545. A. Anselme Abbat of Bec pressed to accept the Arch-Bishopric of Canterbury f. 225. B. He demanded restitution of all Church Lands f. 225. C. He falls from the Kings favour f. 226. B. C. The great difference between King Henry the First and him Ibid. D. E. and 227 228 c. The Bishops advise him to obey the King his Answer f. 227. A.B. He refused to receive his Pall from the King f. 228 E. F. He refused to appear at the Kings Court f. 229. A. B. He desired leave to go to Rome but is denied Ibid. C. He goes without leave and his Arch-bishopric is seized Ibid. D. E. F. He desired the Pope to ease him of his Dignity but is denied f. 230. B. He is recalled by the King f. 234. E. The Case of the Queen determined by him in a Council at Lambeth f. 235. A. B. He reconciled the Norman Nobility to the King f. 235. E. F. He refused to do Homage to the King f. 256. A. He denied the King the Right of Investitures and advised him to be obedient to the Pope Ibid. B. C. He presided in a Council at Westminster f. 257. F. He refused Consecration to such as were Invested by the King f. 258. A. A wrangling intercourse between him and the King Ibid. D.E.F. He goeth to Rome f. 259. A. B. His Account to the King of what he had done at Rome f. 260. A. His return into England prohibited f. 259. F. and 260. B. He excommunicated the Kings Counsellors Ibid. C. He is reconciled to the King f. 261. A. His Answer to the Bishops request for relief against exactions Ibid. E. F. His sickness at Bec and the Kings promise to him f. 262. A.B. He is observantly treated by the Queen Ibid. C. He exacted obedience from the Arch-Bishop of York f. 263. D. He refused to give his Benediction to Thomas Elect of York till he made his profession to Canterbury f. 264. B. His death Ibid. C. Anzazim His treacherous attempt on Prince Edward at Acon f. 666. B. Appeals from inferiour Courts to
there Ibid. C. Exetor City standeth out against the Conqueror f. 192. F. They submit and are pardoned f. 493. A. F. Foelix a Burgundian converted the East Angles f. 105. B. Falcasius de Brent his Policy and Courage f. 526. B. His unwillingness to part with what he had gotten by Rapine and Plunder in time of War f. 528. A. B. His Rebellious Practices f. 534. B. He was excommunicated his Submission and Imprisonment Ibid. D. E. F. He is sentenced to abjure the Kingdom f. 536. A. B. He was encouraged in his Treasons by some great men Ibid. C. Otho the Leg at moved in his behalf but without Success fol. 537. C. D. A great Fair proclaimed at Westminster to hold fifteen days f. 601. F. Fees when first Hereditary f. 81. B. When and by whom made Servile f. 156. B. They were Originally Military Ibid. C. Three sorts called Tenure in Capite f. 157. lin 1. Military upon what account granted Ibid. A. To what forfeitures they were subject Ibid. C. D. E. Feudal Tenures from whence they arose f. 56. D. Feudal Law not written till Frederic the First f. 72. F. It obteined in France and Germany f. 73. F. How and when it might be relaxed f. 160. A. Feudal Investiture f. 203. F. Fines levyed in County Courts f. 146. B. C. Flemmings removed into Wales by King Henry the First f. 246. D. E. They desert King John f. 510. F. Folkland what it was fol. 66. A. William Foret seized Biham Castle and plundered the Country fol. 529. D. Pope Formosus His Letter to King Alfred suspected to be a Fogery f. 90. E. 91. B. William de Fortibus vid. Albamarle Fosse way where f. 49. lin 2. France Interdicted f. 463. C. Francs who they were and where they dwelt f. 60. E. They Married not their Daughters without their Kings consent f. 73. D. Their Children brought up in the Kings Court Ibid. E. Frederic Abbat of St. Albans with many others take refuge in the Isle of Ely f. 196. B. C. Frederic the Emperour Married Isabel Sister to Henry the Third fol. 562. F. He summoned a meeting of all Christian Princes f. 567. C. He was excommunicated by the Pope f. 572. C. French they refuse to joyn with King Richard in the Seige of Jerulem f. 431. E. The Nobility Arm themselves one against another f. 544. C.D. They refuse to submit to the Queen Regent and leave the Court Ibid. E. Free-men in Germany who and their Condition f. 83. E. They were constantly bound to their good behaviour under the Saxons Ibid. F. G. GAfolland what it was f. 67. F. Galgagus General of the Caledonians f. 25. F. Gilbert de Grand made Earl of Lincoln by Prince Lewis f. 513. D. Gascoigns Subdued by Earl Richard of Cornwall f. 535. F. They do Homage to Henry the Third f. 545. B. S. Montfort Earl of Leicester his success against them fol. 602. F. 606. A. Their Complaints to the King against him Ibid. F. They repeat their Complaints by solemn Messengers fol. 607. A. B. Prince Edward made their Governour f. 608. A. B. English Affairs there in an ill Condition f. 610. C. They crave the King of Englands Assistance f. 611. D. Gavelkind what it was f. 165. C. Geofrey Son to the Earl of Anjou Married to Maud the Empress f. 254 B. He was sent for into England by his Wife but delayed his coming f. 288. A. D. He gave Anjou to his Son Geofry by Will f. 299. F. An Agreement between him and Henry the Second his Brother f. 300. B. Nants chose him for their Lord. His Death Ibid C. Geofry Son of Henry the Second doth Homage to Philip Son of King Lewis of France for Britany f. 307. D. He received the Homages of the Barons of Britany Ibid. E. He was Knighted by his Father f. 333. C. He did Homage to his Elder Brother Henry f. 338. E. He was slain in a Military Conflict f. 341. E. His Wife left with Child of Prince Arthur Ibid. Geofry Bishop of Ely died Intestate and his Estate seized by King Richard f. 420. F. Geofry Elect of York appealed by the Bishops of Salisbury and Durham f. 424. B. His Election confirmed by the Popes Legat and he restored to his Arch-bishopric by King Richard Ibid. C. Appeals against him released f. 424. E. His Oath to King Richard f. 425. F. He breaks his Oath f. 432. D. He was imprisoned by the Chancellor and released by Earl John Ibid. E. F. He outbad the Chancellor for Sheriffwics f. 441. F. He is reconciled to the Chancellor f. 444. B. C. The Canons of York complain against him to Hubert the Justiciary f. 445 D. He was disseised of his Maners Ibid. F. He paid 2000 Marks to the King and was reconciled to him f. 447. E. Geofry Arch-deacon of Norwich deserts King Johns Service fol. 480. E. His punishment Ibid. Geofry Fitz-Peter made Justitiary of England by King Richard fol. 450. A. He sent forth Itinerant Justices f. 455. F. Maurice Fitz Gerald Landed at Wexford in Ireland with great Forces f. 354. D. German and French Laws when first composed f. 60. lin 1. They refused to admit of any Laws but their own f. 62. A. How they valued mens lives f. 63. lin 3. How they valued their Cattle and Grain f. 64. A c. What punishment they inflicted on persons insolvent Ibid. D. E. What was their rate for all sorts of faults and mulcts Ibid. F. How they purged themselves when accused f. 65. A. Their Tenures agreeable to the Saxons f. 71. B. Their Habiliments of War went with the Land Ibid. D. Their Tenures Feudal f. 72. B. They held their Courts twice in a year f. 74. B. The Bishop and Earl sat together in their Courts f. 74. D. What Matters triable in their Hundred Courts f. 75. C. D. How they forced an Appearance f. 76. C. A Form of their ancient Judgment f. 77. D. E. F. Their Testes and Jurors the same f. 78. lin 1. What sort of men their Testes were to be Ibid. Their Judges and Officers like to the English Saxons f. 79. E. Their Servants and Freeman who and their State f. 83. B. C. D. Their manner of making Laws and how they agreed with the English Saxons f. 84. B. They secured their Lands by great Ditches f. 86. A. When they held their Councils f. 87. C. Their Princes called and presided or others by their appointment in those Councils Ibid. F. Gessoriacum where it was f. 13. F. Gilbert Prince of Galloway doth Homage to Henry the Second f. 329. B. C. Glanvil Justiciary of England of Norman Extraction f. 152. B. Glota where it was f. 24. B. Godfrey Bishop of Winchester disseised f. 443. F. Godwin Earl of Kent his Extraction f. 131. E. He refused though sent to punish the Citizens of Canterbury f. 132. B. He was summoned to appear before his Peers for his refusal Ibid. C. He raised an Army and made bold
Soldiers Ibid. E. F. A firm Peace between him and France f. 303. A. He received Gisoâ—s and its Dependencies and took into his hands all the strong Castles in Normandy Ibid. C. D. F. He and the King of France were Yeomen of the Stirup to Pope Alexander f. 304. B. He settled his Affairs in France and returned into England Ibid. E. The King of Scots Princes of South and North Wales and their great Men do Homage to him and his Son Henry Ibid. F. A breach between him and France f. 305. F. They burn each others Towns but came to a Trucé f. 306. A. 307. A. He subdues the Rebellious Poictovins Aquitans and Britans f. 306. C. E F. A Peace between him and France f. 307. C. He was in danger of being Shipwrackt in his return home Ibid. F. He appointed Inquisitors in all Counties in England f. 308. A. The Articles of their Inquiry Ibid. D. E. F. He caused his Son Henry to be Crowned and his Great Men to do him Homage and Fealty f. 310. A. B. C. He passed into Normandy and lâ—ft Young Henry Viceroy Ibid. E. His Son deserts him and adheres to France f. 312. E. His great kindness to his Son the young King f. 313. A. A general Insurrection against him in France f. 314. A. He routed the King of France and reduced his Rebellious Britans to Obedience Ibid. D. E. F. f. 315. B. He treated his Sons with great kindness Ibid. C. D. A Truce between him the King of France and King of Scots f. 316. E. His return into England and prevents his Sons designs f. 319. B. He passed again into Normandy and beat the French Ibid. F. f. 320. A. B. C. Articles of Peace between him and his Sons f. 321. A. B. They do him Homage f. 322. C. 323. B. He returned into England with his Sons and Fined all his Great Men for Forfeitures in his Forests Ibid. C. D. His Sons received the Homages of the King of Scots and his Nobility Ibid. F. 324. A. B. He divided England into six parts and sent three Justiciaries into every part f. 325. He Demolished several Castles in England and Normandy f. 329. A. He removed several Constables of Castles in England fol. 330. D. The Welch Kings and their Nobility do him Homage Ibid. F. He appeals from the Legat to the Pope f. 331. C. D. Articles of Agreement between him and France f. 332. A. c. The Oath he put upon the Legat f. 333. D. He divided England into four Circuits Ibid. E. He made young Philip sensible of his Duty to his Father Lewis King of France f. 335.336 He received the Homage of Philip Earl of Flanders fol. 336. A. The Peace between him and Philip King of France confirmed Ibid. B. C. He appointed an Assise of Arms in his Dominions Ibid. D. E. His Sons confederate against him f. 339. A. He sent Aid to Pope Lucius Ibid. F. He did Homage to Philip King of France for all his Transmarine Dominions f. 340. A. His Sons reconciled to one another f. Ibid. B. He and the King of France undertook the Cross f. 342. D. Articles of Agreement between them how to carry on and maintain the War f. 343. A. c. Articles concerning such as had undertaken and such as refused the Cross f. 344. A. c. He levied a Tenth upon his Subjects and imprisoned such as refused to pay it Ibid. E. His Answer to the Patriarch of Antioch's Letter f. 345. E. F. His Son Richard with the King of France entred and wasted his Dominions beyond Seas f. 346. A. B. 347. D. His Army routed by King Philip f. 348. B. He maketh Peace and doth Homage to him Ibid. D. E. What furthered his design of Conquering Ireland f. 350. A. c. He recalled his English Subjects from thence f. 357. A. He Landed at Waterford with a great Army f. 359. E. The Irish Princes and Clergy Swear Fealty to him and his Heirs f. 360. A. B. Ireland confirmed to him by the Pope Ibid. He confirmed the Decrees of a Council held at Cassil Ibid C. He settled the Government and hastened into Normandy Ibid. F. 361. A. He made his Son John King of Ireland f. 369. E. He divided that Kingdom amongst his Great Officers f. 370. D. His Title to Ireland f. 374. D. The Affairs of the Church in his Reign f. 377. to 414. His Laws condemned by the Pope f. 394. A. His Edict against the Pope and Thomas Becket Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Ibid. B. C. D E. F. His Edict against such as should bring Letters of Interdiction f. 396. D. How Appellants to Rome were punished Ibid. F. His Answer to the Popes Letter in behalf of the Arch-Bishop f 397. E. F. His Kingdom threatned to be Interdicted f. 403. C. D. He appealed and promised to submit to the Pope Ibid. F. His Reply to the Excommunicated Bishops Petition f. 406. D. The Arch-Bishop of York exasperated him against the Arch-Bishop of Canturbury Ibid. F. How his Envoys were received at Rome f. 408. A. B. His Expence at the Court of Rome Ibid. C. D. His purgation for the Death of Thomas Becket f. 409 D. His Oath of Satisfaction and Pennance f. 410. A. c. The manner of his Approach to St. Thoma's Tomb f. 412. D. E. F. He Cursed his Sons and soon after died f. 349. B. C. His Taxes and Issue Legitimate and Natural f. 416.417 418. The great Treasure he left f. 421. lin 3. Henry 3. declared King and Crowned f. 522. C. D. His Oath and Homage to the Pope Ibid. E. He recâ—ived the Homages of the Bishops and Earls Ibid. A Tâ—uce between him and Prince Lewis f. 524. B. A Peace concluded between them The Form of it f. 527. B. C. D. He was Crowned a second time An Aid granted him f. 529. C. 530. B. He Confirmed the Charter of Liberties f. 532. lin 2. His Writ of Inquiry to 12 Knights to search what they were Ibid. A. He demanded Normandy of King Lewis Ibid. â— He was declared of full Age by the Pope f. 533 A. B. His Lenity to Rebels an encouragement to them f. 529. F. His grant to his Great Men to take Scutage of their Tenents f. 534. F. He granted the Charters of Liberties and Forests f. 535. B. C. He Knighted his Brother Richard and made him Earl of Cornwall Ibid. E. Hâ— appointed 12 Knights to set the number and bounds of Forests f. 536. D. E. He forbad the Prelates obliging their Lay-Fees to the Pope f. 538. C. D. He Fined the Londoners and Cancelled the Charters lately granted f. 539. D. F. A great quarrel between him and Earl Richard f. 540. D. E. He is reconciled to his Brother and his Great Men f. 541. A. He appointed new Measures of Grain Wine and Ale Ibid. B. He made a disadvantagious Peace with the Welch Ibid. F. He was invited into France but rejected the Offer f. 542. A. His
Montfort should swear f. 645. E. And forced to own whatever Simon Montfort suggested f. 646. A. c. His Command to all Sheriffs to keep out Strangers Ibid. B. C. D. E. F. f. 647.648 A. He was put under Guardians and Keepers f. 649. A. His endeavors to reconcile Simon Montfort and the Earl of Glocester f. 650 A. B. He declared his Son Prince Edward a Rebel Ibid. E. F. He prohibited all his Subjects to assist him and commanded the Bishops to Excommunicate him f. 651. A. C. He was forced to declare his Loyal Subjects Rebels Ibid. F. He was wounded in the Battle at Evesham f. 652. F. He seized the Liberties of London f. 653. D. The Rebels Lands given him by Parlement Ibid. E. His Grant of them to his Faithful Subjects Ibid. F. His Clemency to such Rebels as submitted to him Ibid. He appointed a Custos of the City of London f. 654. B. F. His kind Offer to the Disinherited Barons f. 657. B. He was forced to pawn his Jewels f. 660. F. A Tenth upon all Ecclesiastical Revenues for three years granted to him by the Pope f. 663. B. C. He reduced or dispersed the Disinherited in the Isle of Ely f. 664. C. D. His great care to secure his Subjects Goods Ibid. F. His Sickness and Death f. 667. B. Church Affairs in his Reign f. 668 669 c. Taxes in his Reign f. 671 672. The Irish Affairs in his Reign f. 673 674. His Issue f. 675. Henry Eldest Sonto Henry 2. born f. 299. B. He was married to Margaret Daughter to the King of France f. 303. B. He received the Homages of the Bishops and Abbats of England King of Scots Princes of N. and S. Wales and their Great Men f. 304. C. F. He was made Seneschal of France and doth Homage to that King f. 307. C. He was Crowned King and made Viceroy of England f. 310. A. E. He was Crowned again with his Queen f. 311. C. He was alienated from his Father by the King of France f 312. D. He forced his Servants to swear Fealty to him against his Father f. 313 B. He received the Homages of many Great Men and Princes Ibid. E. His designed Expedition into England prevented f. 317. A. 318. F. 319. B. He was recalled by the French King Ibid. F. His submission to his Father and kind reception f. 321. A. B. C He did Homage to him f. 323. B. He passed over into Normandy with his Brother Richard fol. 329. lin 1. His undutifulness to his Father and submission f. 338. C. D. His Brother Geofry did him Homage but Richard refused Ibid. E. F. He and Geofry conâ—ederate against their Father f. 339. A. â—e undertook the Cross against his Fathers will Ibid. B. His Death Ibid. Henry Son to Richard King of the Romans sent as an Hostage by the Barons to Dover Castle f. 642. l. 2. He was slain at Viterbo in his return from Jerusalem fol. f. 666. l. 2. Henry Bishop of Winchester King Stephens Brother made Legat in England f. 277. l. 1. He Summoned King Stephen to appear before him Ibid. A. He sideth with Maud then Empress f. 283. B. He acknowledged her to be Queen Ibid. D. E. His Speech to the Bishops in her behalf against King Stephen f 284. His Answer to the Londoners Petition Ibid. E. He deserted the Empress and adhered to King Stephen f. 285. F. His complaint against the Empress and design to ruine her f. 287. B. He deposed her and Excommunicated her Friends Ibid. D. His Repentance and labors for an Agreement f. 293. A. Henry Earl of Britan doth Homage to Henry 3 d f. 543. E. He prevented the French Kings designs f. 546. E. He surrendred Britany to the French and turn'd Pyrate f. 562. C. D. Henry of Bath Justiciary of Henry 3 d accused of Bribery c. fol. 605. A. The King much incensed against him Ibid. C. Earl Richard stood his friend and made his peace Ibid. D. Heregeat or Heriot what it was f. 69. l. 1. And when paid f. 82. D. Hereward defended the Isle of Ely against the Conqueror f. 196. C. D. He made his escape f. 197. A. Herlot the Popes Notary sent into England f. 623. C. He privately withdrew himself f. 632. F. Hertoldus Governor of Mirabell Castle his fidelity to Hen. 3. f. 586. B. He was kindly used by the French King Ibid. C. Herulians who they were and where they dwelt f. 35. C. D. Hidage what it was f. 204. B. Hingnar and Hubba two Leaders of the Danes f. 113. D. Honor what it was f. 199. F. Honorius 3 d made Pope f. 528. A. He declared Hen. 3. to be of Age f. 533. B. His demands of the English Prelates by his Legat f. 538. B. Their Answer to his Demands f. 539. B. His Demands opposed and rejected in France Ibid. E. F. His Death f. 540. A. Horesti who they were and where they dwelt f. 26. D. Hubert Bishop of Salisbury accompanied King Richard to the Holy Land f. 428. l. 1. He was Electâ—d Arch-Bishop of Canturbury and made Justiciary of England f 438. l. F. He excommunicated Earl John and his Accomplices f. 441. A. He was made the Popes Legat f. 447. E. He desired to be eased of his Justiciariship but was denied f. 448. B. What he raised in England in two years for the Kings use Ibid. C. The Monks of Canturbury complain against him to the Pope f. 449. F. He was removed from all Secular Offices upon the Popes Letter f. 450. A. He seized the Oblations at Beckets Tomb Ibid. E. He Crowned King John and Queen Isabel f. 468. A. His Death f. 474. C. Hubert de Burgh made Governor of Dover Castle f. 509. F. His resolute Answer to Prince Lewis his Summons f. 523. C. He Married the King of Scots Sister f. 530. B. How he punished the London Rioters f. 531. A. B. The great Mens complaint against him f. 533. A. He advised the K. to cancel the Charters he had granted f 539. F. He appointed what every one should pay for renewing their Charters f. 540. A. He is made Earl of Kent Ibid. C. He fell under the Kings displeasure but is soon reconciled fol. f. 543. C. D. E. The King wholly guided by him f. 545. A. He was accused for countenancing those that plundered the Italian Clercs f. 549. A. He is removed from his Office and charged with great crimes fol. 550. A c. He took Sanctuary and refused to plead Ibid. F. He was forceably drawn from thence f. 551. C. He was restored but after carried prisoner to the Tower Ibid. E. F. He submitted to the King and was committed to four Knights f. 552. B. D. He endeavored to make his escape but was taken and ill used fol. 557. C. D. He escaped into Wales in a Soldiers Habit f. 558. lin 3. He is reconciled to the K. received into his Council f. 560. D. F. He incurred his displeasure
Common Pleas by whom appointed Ibid. Justices Itinerant by whom sent f. 446. A. William Kele a Mediator between Henry the Third and his Barons f. 566. A. Kenelworth Castle stood out against Henry the Third f. 655. C. Their barbarous usage of the Kings Messenger f. 656. D. The Kings Clemency to the Defendants after it was taken f. 657. D. Dictum de Kenelworth where and upon what account made f. 658. A. c. Kent given to Hengist the Saxon by Vortigern f. 94. D. Kentish-men of their own accord submit to the Conqueror f. 189. E. They attempted Dover Castle but were beaten f. 192. A. Knight-hood when first instituted f. 56. A. All that had 10 l. per Annum forced to receive the Order f. 620. lin 4. Knights-Fees why called Scuta f 211. F. Twelve chosen in every County to inquire evil Customs and Practices f. 499. C. All that refused to obey them to be imprisoned Ibid. D. E. Four sent by the Barons to the Pope f. 632. B. Four chosen in every County to inquire into grievances fol. 633. A. They had their expences allowed Ibid. B. Three in every County summoned by the Barons to meet at St. Albans f. 637. F. Four summoned in every County to meet the King at London f. 642. F. L. HUgh de Lacy made Governor of Dublin by Henry the Second fol. 360. F. 370. C. He was revoked and soon after restored f. 371. D.F. He was discharged f. 372. A. His Prudent Management and Government of the Irish fol. 371. C. His Death f. 374. A. Lands how transferred before the Norman Conquest f. 204. lin 1. When first by Writings and Sealing Ibid. A. Lanfranc Arch-bishop of Canturbury his Controversie with Odo Earl of Kent for Land belonging to Canturbury f. 140. A. B. He pleaded his own Case and recovered his Lands Ibid. D. He presided in many Councils f. 215. A. The Controversie between him and York about Primacy determined on his side f. 214. A. Stephen Langton chosen Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 476. B. He and other Bishops supplicate the Pope against King John f. 483. B. He pronounced the Sentence of Deposition against him and encouraged Philip King of France to execute it f. 484. A. B. He hindred King John from reducing his Barons f. 488. A. He confederated with them against the King Ibid. C. D. E. He is offended at the Popes Legate f. 490. F. He was the Head of the Barons Conspiracy f. 495. D. He was suspended for Disobedience to the Pope f. 503. F. He is absolved f. 507. C. He and the Great Men demanded a Confirmation of their Liberties of Henry the Third f. 531. D. He Excommunicated Falcasius and his followers f. 534. D. His Decree against Priests Concubines f. 536. F. His Death f. 541. B. Simon Langton his insolent reply to King John f. 478. E. He was chosen Arch-bishop of York but refused by the Pope f. 504. C. He was made Chancellor to Prince Lewis f. 510. D. He was excommunicated by Walo the Popes Legat Ibid. E. Roger de Lasci his Courage and Fidelity f. 472. F. 473. F. 2d Lateran Council held under Pope Innocent the Second f. 294. A. Canons and Constitutions made there brought hither Ibid. B. C. D. Amoric de Sancto Laurentio His Adventures and Courage in Irish Engagements f. 367. A. B. C. 368. B. Laws Salic Lombard Burgundian Wisigoths and Saxons when first written f. 60. D. Gâ—rman how made f. 84. C. D. English Saxon how made f. 85. A. Danish and Mercian why so called Ibid. C. Different among Germans and Saxons Ibid. B. D. No Nation governed by the same f. 155 C. The chief of ours were Norman Ibid. E. and f. 161. A. B c. The Practice alike in both places f. 179. D. c. Of England not carried into Normandy by the Confessor fol. 180. B. C c. Canon Law when first brought into and used in England f. 296 E. Laws against Robbers of Warrens and Parks f. 594. C. Lawrentius succeeds Augustin in the Arch-bishopric of Canturbury fol. 104. A. Popes Legats none here before the Conquest f. 88. A. Not received in England before Henry the First f. 256. E. None to be sent hither but upon the Kings request f. 268. A. An Oath put upon one by Henry the Second f. 333. D. Legion how many men it consisted of f. 2. F. Pope Leo the Ninth his Letter to Edward the Confessor suspected fol. 91. C. D. Leofric Earl of Mercia opposed Earl Goodwin f. 132. D. Lewellin Prince of North Wales besieged Buet Castle without success f. 530. A. He bound himself by his Charter to satisfie for damages done to King Henry the Third f. 532. D. He made Incursions into England f. 546. D. He and his followers Excommunicated Ibid. A Truce between him and Henry the Third f. 560. F. It was violated but again renewed f. 563. F. The conditions of it f. 564. A. B. He put himself under the protection of Henry the Third fol. 567. A. Lewes a Battle fought there between Henry the Third and the Barons f. 641. D. E. Lewis King of France invaded Normandy f. 248. D. He was overthrown by Henry the First Ibid. F. His complaint of King Hen. in the Council at Rhemes f. 250. D. He was divorced from his Queen f. 291. D. His hatred to Henry the Second f. 311. E. His kindness to the Rebellious Sons of Henry 2d f. 313. C. D. He was routed by King Henry and hindred a peace between him and his Sons f. 214. D. E. 215. F. Articles of Agreement between King Hen. and him f. 332. A c. He came into England to visit St. Thomas his Tomb f. 335. A. His kind reception by King Henry and beneficence to the Monks Ibid. His Son Philip Crowned and proves undutiful to him Ibid. D. E. His death f. 33â— D. Prince Lewis Son to Philip King of France chosen King of England by the English â—arons f. 5â—7 A. He encouraged the Barons to persist in their Rebellion f. 5â—â— A. His Reasons against King John and the Pope Ibid. E. F. His Claim to England f. 5â—9 l. â— He lanâ—ed in the Isle of Thanet Ibid. D. E. He was joyfully received by the Londoners and Barons f. 51â— A. He was excommunicated by Walo the Pâ—pes â—egat Ibid. E. His Envoys Objections and Replies to King John'â— Commissioners f. 512 513 He ravaged over Essex Norfolk and Suffolk Ibid. C. D. Alexander King of Scots did him Homage and aâ—iâ—ed him Ibid. â— 514. D. His designs against the English Barons discovered Ibid. E. F. His success against mâ—ny places in England f. 522. C.D.E.F. He passed over Sea and lost his interest with the Barons f 524. C. His Army routed at Lincoln f. 526. B. The Succors sent him by his Wife beaten and taken Ibid. E. F. The form of Peace between him and Henry 3d. f. 527. B C D. He borrowed Money of the Londoners and left England Ibid. E. His Answer
to the King f. 570. lin 1. He was kindly received in the French Camp and procured a Truce f. 5â—5 A. He advised the King his Brother to provide for himself by flight Ibid. B. His second Marriâ—ge with Cincia Daughter to the Countess of Provence f. 588. F. Thirty thousand Dishes provided for his Wedding Dinner f. 589. lin 1. The Magnificent Treat he received from the Pope f. 603. C. Sicily and Apulia offered to him by the Pope f. 609. F. He is chosen King of the Romans and Crowned at Aâ—en f. 621. A. C. His great Treasure and Riches Ibid. D. His desire to return into England f. 633. D. The Conditions on which he was to return Ibid. F. His Landing opposed by the Barons and the Oath he took f. 634. A. B. He defied the Barons and is taken Prisoner f. 641. B. D. And sent to the Tower f. 642. lin 4. His Death f. 665. E. Richard Prior of Canturbury chosen Arch-Bishop and made Legat f. 412. A. B. Richard Chancellor of Lincoln chosen Arch-Bishop of Canturbury f. 542. C. His opposition to the King in the Tax of Ecclesiasticks f. 546. A. His complaint against Hubert de Burgh but without Remedy Ibid. B. He went to Rome and complained to the Pope against King Henry the 3d. and Hubert his Justiciary f 547. B. C. His Death Ibid. D. Richmont Castle by whom Built f. 199. B. C. The Establishment of its Guard Ibid. D. E. What Lordships the Earl was possessed of f. 200. B. Baldwin de Ripariis or Rivers made Earl of Wight f. 574 A. Ripuarii who they were f. 60 F. Rishanger his Character of Simon Montfort Earl of Leycester f. 652. E. Petrus de Rivallis Bishop of Winchester Protector to Henry the 3d. f. 529. B. He was removed from Court f. 539. F. The King wholly guided by him f. 553. F. His Answer to Richard Marsechal f. 554. C. His advice to the King to reduce his Rebellious Barons by force and Arms f. 555. A. His Answer to the Preaching Friers exasperated the Bishops f. 556. B. He slighted their Threats of Excommunication Ibid. C. He was removâ—d from all secular Offices f. 559. E He was summoned to his Tryal and Committed to the Tower but taken out by the Arch-â—ishop of Canturbury f. 561. B D. E. He was sent for to Rome by the Pope to assist him in his Wars against Frederick the Emperor f. 562. E. His Death f. 571. B. Robert Duke of Normandy dyed in his return from the Holy-Land f. 186 A. Robert Eldest Son to William the Conqueror set up for King of â—ngland f. 218. D. His Chief Friends and undertakers Ibid. E. He is reconciled to King William his Brother f. 221. E. He moâ—gaged his Dukedom to him and undertook the Cross f. 223. A. B. His Preparation to invade England after King Williams Death f. 235. C. D. The Ternis on which he agreed with Henry the 1st his Brother f. 236. C. D. He released his Annuity to his Brother f. 237. B. He granted Robert Belism his Fathers Honors and Fstate f. 240. A. He is taken Prisoner and sent into England f 243. A. His Death and Burial at Glocester f. 254. D. Robert Earl of Glocester his conditional Homage to King Stephen f. 273. C. D. His great concern for Maud the Empress f. 274. F. He defied King Stephen f. 275. C. His Possessions and Castles in England seized Ibid. D. He Landed in England with the Empress f. 278. F. He went to Treat with the Legat and was taken Prisoner f. 286. C. F. He was exchanged for King Stephen f. 287. A. He put King Stephen and his Brother the Legat to flight f. 289. A. F. His Death f. 290. D. Robert Brother to Lewis King of France chosen Emperor by the Pope and Conclave f. 573. F. Rochel Surrendred to Lewis King of France f. 534. lin 1. Rochster made a Bishoprick f. 103. F. Roderick King of Connaught his resolution to oppose Dermot f. 354. A. He solicited Fitz-Stephen to desert Dermot Ibid. B. A peace between him and Dermot Ibid. C. He was overthrown by Fitz-Stephen f. 355. lin 1. Roger Bishop of Salisbury a favorer of Maud the Empress f. 275. E. F. His submission to King Stephen f. 276. B. C. His severe charge in a Council at Winchester f. 277. F. His defence and threats to appeal to Rome f. 278. B. Rolland usurped the Goverment of Galway f. 340. D. He made his peace with King Henry the 2d f. 341. D. Rollo the Dane entred France with an Army had Normandy and Britany assigned him f. 185. C. D. He turned Christian and divided his Dominions among his followers Ibid. E. F. Romans entrenched their Army every night f. 8. B. F. They were amazed at the hideous habits and gestures of the Britains f. 18. C. Their barbarous usage of Boadicia and the Britains Ibid. E. Their Subversion and ruin portended by Prodigies f. 19. A. B. Eighty thousand of them slain by the Britains Ibid. C. D. E. F. They revenge themselves on the Britains with a like slaughter f. 20. D. E. Their Division of Britain f. 36. E. F. Their departure out of Britain f. 40. A. Their Military Establishment in Britain f. 41. c. Their Garisons upon the Wall f. 45. C. Their Garisons placed in the Frontiers f. 48. A. Their Castra Stativa Hiberna and Aestiva Ibid. B. C. D. Their Ways and Stations Ibid. F. Their Soldiers burthens when they marched f. 50. A. B. How oft they exercised Ibid. William de Ross unkindly treated by Henry the Third f. 587. A. Roturiers who f. 160. C. Walter Arch-bishop of Roven Interdicted Normandy f. 453. D. The Popes advice to him f. 454. B. Rowena Hengests Daughter married to Vortigern f. 94. D. Peter Ruby sent into England to be the Popes Collector f. 576. l. 2. His Policy to get Money Ibid. A. John Rufus a quasi Legatus sent into Scotland f. 599. C. His Extortion there Ibid. Rustand sent into England to be the Popes Collector f. 615. D. The Powers granted to him and the Arch-bishop of Canturbury Ibid. His Accusation and Removal from his Dignity and Office f. 623. A. B. S. SAher Earl of Winchester adhered close to Prince Lewis f. 524. E. Saladine Emperor of the Saracens offered King Richard a Truce f. 431. F. Salic Laws when first written and why so called f. 60. A. E. Salustius Lucullus succeeded Agricola in Britain f. 27. A. Sapientes among the Saxons who they were f. 85. E. Peter of Savoy Earl of Richmond resigned his Castles to Henry the Third f. 581. C. D. Saxons who they were and from whence they came f. 44. E. They made use of the Roman Camps f. 48. E. No exact History of their Actions to be expected f. 51. C c. Their Vsages and Customs not found in our Historians f. 52. E. Nor mentioned by Tacitus Ibid. F. Their Seat and Country mentioned by Ptolemy f. 53. B. Their punishments capital the
Wight Ibid. C. He was made Emperor and subdued the Britains f. 22. B. E. Vicount who and his Office f. 162. C. Vicus what it signifies f. 54. F. Villani who f. 206. F. Virgata Terrae what f. 205. C. Ulster granted by King John to Hugh de Lasci f. 518. B. Vniversity of the Kingdom who and their complaint against Papal Exactions f. 593. A. E. The Popes Answer to them Ibid. F. Volusinus sent by Caesar into Britain f. 1. E. Vortigern King of the Britains f. 93. C. He called in the Saxons to assist him against the Scots and Picts f. 94. A. He Married Rowena Hengists Daughter Ibid. D. Urban the fourth chosen Pope f. 636. A. His Death f. 654. C. W. WAles vid. Welsh John Walerand made Custos of the City of London by Henry the Third f. 654. F. Walo or Gualo sent Legat into France f. 508. A. He disswaded Prince Lewis from invading England Ibid. D. King Philip's Answer to him Ibid. His Plea for King John f. 509. A. B. He left France in a Fret Ibid. C. He Excommunicated Prince Lewis and Simon Langton Arch-bishop of Canterbury f. 510. E. He accompanied the Kings Army against Prince Lewis fol. 525. B. C. The encouragement he gave the Soldiers Ibid. E. He refused to absolve the Religious that assisted Prince Lewis f. 527. F. He suspended such and forced them to compound f. 528. l. 1. He returned to Rome f. 530. l. 1. Robert Fitz-Walter chosen General of the Barons f. 496. A. He was named the Marshal of the Army of God and Holy Church Ibid. He subdued Essex and Suffolk f. 511. B. Walter Arch-bishop of Roven Interdicted Normandy f. 453. D. Wambais what f. 337. B. Wans-ditch where f. 86. C. Wards Married to Foreigners f. 598. E. Warham Castle taken by King Stephen f. 288. E. Retaken by the Earl of Glocester f. 289. A. Fulk Fitz-Warin treated the Popes Legat roughly f. 593. B. William Warlewast King William Rufus his Messenger to the Pope fol. 230. E. F. He was sent thither by King Henry the First f. 259. B. His resolute Demands of the Pope Ibid. C. D. He prohibited Anselm to return into England Ibid. F. The King owned and mainteined his prohibition f. 260. B. He is again sent to the Pope f. 261. C. Watling-street where it was f. 49. l. 1 Ways made by the Romans in Britain four in number Ibid. D. E. The privileges that belonged to them Ibid. F. Welch invade England f. 222. F. They joyn with Robert de Belism against Henry the First fol. 238. B. They are subdued by Henry the Second and do him Homage fol. 299. C. D. Their Kings and Noblemen do Homage to Henry the Second f. 330. F. They do Homage of their own accord to King John f. 480. B. They make Incursions into England f. 482. B. Their Hostages hanged up by King John Ibid. C. They made several Incursions and Revolt f. 449. D. 590. A. They were wholly subdued by Henry the Third and received the English Laws f. 605. E. They again revolt invade ravage and spoil the Borders fol. 620. C. D. 621. E. F. They offered a Submission but were refused f. 622. A. What moved them to rebel at this time f. 623. E. They are Reduced and a firm Peace Established f. 663. E. F. David Welch his great Courage f. 363. B. Henry de Wengham chosen Bishop of Winchester but refused it f. 635. D. Weregild what it was f. 62. F. Wexford surrendred and granted to Robert Fitz-Stephen f. 383. A. They besiege Fitz-Stephen in Karrec Castle f. 357. F. They are routed and their Camp spoiled f. 358. B. C. They took Fitz-Stephen Prisoner by a trick Ibid. E. F. Widomar of Limosin found a great Treasure f. 457. E. King Richard demanded the whole of him Ibid. F. Wilfrid Arch-bishop of York displaced by King Ecgfrid f. 88. E. He appealed to the Pope but without success Ibid. He was restored by Alfrid his Son f. 89. A He was again put out and appealed but to no purpose Ibid. He converted the Saxons and Isle of Wight f. 107. A. William Duke of Normandy afterwards the Conqueror but eight years old when the Bishops and Great Men swear Fealty to him f. 186. l. 4. Bastardy accounted no bar to his Succession Ibid. B. His Success against all that opposed or confederated against him f. 187. A. B. C. c. He claimed Anjou 〈◊〉 his I heritance f. 188. C. His Piety Temperance and Justice Ibid. D. E. F. He came over into England f. 133. A. His Message to Harold and his Answer f. 136. A. The Pope espoused his Cause and sent him a Banner Ibid. He was declared Successor to Edward the Confessor f. 135. A. He propounded to his Great Men an Expedition into England f. 136. D. E. The Motives that induced him to undertake it f. 137. A. He landed in Sussex with his Army Ibid. His offer to Harold refused Ibid. C. His Success and great Victory over the English Ibid. D. E. and f. 189. D. The Kentish men and Londoners submit to him Ibid. E. He was Crowned at Westminster by Aldred f. 190. C. He distributed Harolds Treasure to his followers Ibid. D. E. He received the Fealties of Edwin and Morcar and granted them their Possessions f. 191. A. He placed French-men in places of Trust Ibid. He passed into Normandy and took the chief of the English Nobility with him Ibid. B. D. He cajoled both the English and Welch f. 192. E. He severely taxed the English f. 193. C. D. He built Castles all over England f. 194. A. B. He wasted Northumberland and quieted all Merica fol. 195. D. E. Gospatric and Waltheof reconciled unto him Ibid. Ralph de Guaders Conspiracy against him defeated fol. 202. B. C. D. He commanded Lands taken from Bishoprics to be restored fol. 140. B. Tryals for Recovery of Lands in his Reign f. 141. A c. He subdued the Isle of Ely and used them babarously fol. 196. E. and 197. He divided the Nation among his Followers Ibid. C. D. E. and f. 159. C. f. 198 199. His Grant to the Earl of Britain f. 199. A. He invaded Scotland and made them submit f. 202. l. 1. His Son Robert rebelled but was soon reconciled Ibid. E. fol. 203. lin 4. He wasted the King of France his Country Ibid. B. He seized his Brother Odo's Treasure Ibid. D. E. He Established a setled Revenue f. 204. B. The several Branches of it Ibid. and f. 208 c. 209. D. 210 A. How his Rent was paid f. 210. B c. His yearly Revenue what f. 211. A. His Army not paid out of his standing Revenue Ibid. He brought Church Lands under Military Service f. 212. A. He quartered his Soldiers in Monasteries and carried away theâ—r Treasure Ibid. B. C. D. He brought in the Norman Laws and called Ecclesiastical Councils Ibid. E. F. He brought in the Servitude of Fees f. 156. B. He displaced Englâ—sh Bishops and Abbats and
put Normans in their room f. 213. A. B. He allowed no Pope to be owned but by his Command Ibid. C. He suffered not his Barons to be excommunicated without his leave Ibid. D. He distinguished Ecclesiastic from Civil Jurisdiction f. 214. C. What privileges he granted to Battle Abby Ibid. F. He refused to become the Popes Feudatary f. 215. A. His Death and Issue Ibid. D. E. F. William Rufus second Son to the Conqueror brought his Fathers Donation to Lanfranc f. 217. C. D. Who were his greatest Assistants in gaining the Crown Ib. E. F. Duke Roberts friends opposed his Succession f. 218. C. D. E. The Natural English and all the Bishops took his part f. 219. A. Rochester Castle surrendred to him on conditions Ibid. D. The Arts by which he setled himself f. 220. l. 3. A Peace between him and his Brother Robert Ibid. D. E. He was much caressed by all for his bounty f. 221. D. A Conspiracy against him in England discovered f. 222. A c. His Brother Robert Morgaged Normandy to him f. 223. A. Aquitain pawned to him by William Duke of Poictou fol. 224. B. C. He was slain before he could take possession of it Ibid. D. Ecclesiastic Affairs in his Reign f. 225. The great Controversie between him and Anselm f. 226 227 228 229 230. He was accused by Eadmer for Judaizing f. 231. C. His Revenue as great as his Fathers Ibid. D. E. F. William King of Scotland taken Prisoner by the English f. 317. F. He did Homage to Henry the Second King of England f. 323. F. The Agreement between both Kings sealed f. 324. D. He offered 5000 Marks towards the Holy War f. 344. F. His Demands of King Richard and his Answer f. 443. A. B. His Demands of King John by his Envoys f. 462. C. He was admonished in his sleep not to invade England f. 464. B. He did Homage to K. John then made his demands f. 468. C. F. William Earl of Pembroke Protector to Henry the Third vid. Mareschal William de Warrenna restored to his Earldom by Henry the First fol. 237. C. William Son to Duke Robert set up by the Norman Great Men fol. 247. C. D. He was Married to the Sister of Alice Queen of France fol. 253. C. He claimed Normandy but was rejected Ibid. He was made Earl of Flanders by King Lewis Ibid. D. He was slain before Alost Castle Ibid. E. Duke Roberts Issue extinct in him Ibid. F. William Eldest Son to Henry the First married the Earl of Anjou's Daughter f. 248. C. He and 300 more drowned in their return from France fol. 252. A. B. William Abbat of St. Osiths chosen Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 269. C. He scrupled to Crown K. Stephen but was satisfied f. 273. A. William with the Beard caused a Sedition in London is taken and hanged f. 448. A. William Witham vid. Robert Tweng Winchester made a Bishops See f. 105. F. Wings of Soldiers what they were and their number f. 45. F. Wisigoth-Laws by whom composed f. 60. C. Witena-Gemotes what they were f. 112. E. Worcester the Bishops Plea for Recovery of Lands f. 141. B. The City taken and burnt by the Citizens of Glocester f. 280. B. The Rapine of the Soldiers there Ibid. D. E. Earl Walerans revenge for destruction of the City Ibid. fol. 281. B. Earl Philip made Governour of Ireland f. 372. A. Writ of Right where first brought f. 144. D. Now become obsolete f. 150. E. To whom directed and by whom executed f. 151. A. Of William Rufus for assembling the County f. 143. B. C. Y. YOrk the Arch-bishop to make his Profession of Obedience to the Arch-bishop of Canturbury f. 264. F. He contended with the Bishop of London about Crowning the King f. 265. A. FINIS