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A09195 The compleat gentleman fashioning him absolute in the most necessary & commendable qualities concerning minde or bodie that may be required in a noble gentleman. By Henry Peacham, Mr. of Arts sometime of Trinity Coll: in Cambridge. Peacham, Henry, 1576?-1643?; Delaram, Francis, 1589 or 90-1627, engraver. 1622 (1622) STC 19502; ESTC S114333 134,242 209

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and other antiquities hee could finde there Leofricke was sonne to the Earle of Kent and after being chosen to be Archbishop of Canterburie he refused it this Abbot in a time of dearth solde all the Iewels of his Church to buy bread for the poore After him succeeded Alfricke Leostan Fr●theric Paul In this Abbot were giuen to the Monastery of Saint Albanes the Celles of Wallingford of Tinnemuth of Bealvare of Hertford and Binham Richard who liued in the time of William Rusus when the Cell of Saint Marie de Wymonaham or Windham in Norfolke was giuen vnto this Abbey beeing sounded by William de Albeney father to William de Albeney first Earle of Arundell Gaufridus who founded the Nunnery of Sopwell therby on the other side of the riuer founded and so called vpon this occasion two poore women hauing built themselues a small cabben liued in that place a very austere life praying and seruing God with great deuotion and for that they liued for the most part with no other sustenance saue bread and the water of a Well there wherein they vsed to soppe or dippe their bread it had saith mine Author a Monke sometime of that Abbey the name of Sopwell Then Radulphus Robert Simon Garmus Iohn William c. Off a gaue to this his Abby of Saint Albans these towns following viz. Thei l Edel●●●●● Wiclesfield Cages●o cum suis Berechund Rike●aresworth Bacheworth Crok●leie Michelfield Britchwell Watford Bilsey Merdell Haldenham Spr●t Enefeild St●●●●●● H●●●●●ted Winelesham Biscopsco● C●d●●●dune and Mild●●dune Egelsride his sonne and successour gaue Sandruge and Penefield Alfrick● Abbot of this Church after Archbishop Leofrick his brother gaue Kingesbury C●ealdwich Westwic Flamsted Nort●●● R●●●●hang W●●●●field Birstan and Vpton AEthelwold Bish. of Dorchester gaue Girshuna Cuicumba Tyme Aegelwin Redburne Thuangnā Lingley Grenburga One Tholfe gaue Estune and Oxaw One Sexi gaue H●chamsted One Ha●dh gaue Newha● and Beandise Therefeld a religious woman gaue Sceanl●a Bridel Aegelwina another gaue Batesden Offal and Standune One Aegelbert gaue Craniford A●●an Cutesham Winsimus gaue Esenden Osulsus and his wife gaue St●dham and Wilsin●● others Walden Cudicote Scephal Bethell with sundry other Celles Churches and goodly possessions of me vnnamed If I should set you downe the inestimable wealth consisting in Plate Iewells Bookes costly Hangings Altar-cloathes and the like which by our English Kings Nobilitie and others haue from the foundation vnto the dissolution with the sundry priuiledges this Abby had I should weary my selfe with writing and you with reading but I omit them hauing onely proposed a mirrour to the eyes not of the Church pillars of ancient but the Church pillers of our times The Auncestors of this Noble family were Frenchmen borne taking their Surname of a Towne in Normandy called Sackuill whereof they were Lords and came into England to the aide of Duke William the Conquerour as appeareth by an auncient Manuscript or Chronicle of Brittaine now in the Custody of Mr. Edward Gwinn where he is called a Chiefetaine and is the seauenth man ranked in a Catalogue of names there for as it may be obserued out of Mr. Camdens Remaines that the better sort about the time of the Conquest began to take vp Surnames so againe they were not setled amongst the common people vntill the Raigne of King Edward the second He moreouer affirmeth that the most ancient and of best account were deriued from places whereof this name of Sackuill is one and to adde yet more vnto it Ordericus Vitalis the Monke in his Normane story saith that Herbrann de Sackuill was liuing in the time of William the Conquerour being father of three Noble Knights Iordan William and Robert de Sackuill and of a vertuous and beautifull Ladie named Auice who was married to Walter Lord of Alfage Hugleuill by whom shee had issue Iordan L. of Alfage Hugleuill that married Iulian the daughter of one Gods●all who came into England with Q. Adelize of Lo●●ine the Wife to King Henry the first After whose death the said Queene married to William de Albency Earle of Arundell from whom the now Right Honorable Thomas Earle of Arundell and Surry and Earle Marshall of England is descended S. Iordan de Sackuill Knight the eldest sonne was Sewer of England by the gift of the said Conquerour but liued and died in Normandy S. Robert de Sackuill Knight the yonger sonne liued in England and gaue together with his body the Mannor of Wickham in Suffolke● to the Abbey of S● Iohn Baptist in Colchester leauing issue a son named S● Iordan de Sackuill a very eminent man in the time of King Richard the first as appeareth by a Charter of the said King made to the Monkes of Bordes●ey in Buckinghamshiere S● Iordan de Sackuill that obtained of King Iohn a Friday Market weekely and a Faire once a yeare in his Towne of Sackuill in Normandy as saith the Kings Publike Records in the Tower of L●●don Holiinshed fol. 186. doth there ranke Iordan de Sackuill as a Baron calling him one of the assistants to the 25. Peeres of this Realme to see the Liberties of Magna Charta confirmed And for further proofe that they were men of no meane ●anke it is apparent in the Red booke of the Excheaquer in the 12. and 13. yeeres of the said Kings Raigne in these words Hubertus de Anestie tenes 2. food in Anestie parua Hornmcad dimid 〈◊〉 in Anestie de Honore Richard● de Sack●yle Agai●e S● Iordan de Sackuill Knight grand● childe to the said Iordan de Sackuill was taken prisoner at the battaile of E●esham for siding with the Barons against King Henry the third in the 49. yeare of His Raigne whose sonne and heire named Andrew Sackuill being vnder age at the time of his fathers death and the Kings Wa●d was like wise imprisoned in the Castle of Deuer Ann. 3. E●n 1. and afterward by the speciall command of the said King did marry Ermyn●●de an Honourable Ladie of the houshold to Queene 〈◊〉 or whereby he not onely gained the Kings fauour but the greatest part of his Inheritance againe From whom the aforesaid Richard Earle of Dorset with S● Edward Sackuill Knight of the Bathe his brother and others are descended one of whose Auncestors by marrying a daughter and co-heire of Rase de Denn sonne of Rodbert Pincerna that held the Lordship of Buckhurst with diuers other Mannors and Lands in Sussex about the time of the Normain Conquest In right of which marriage they haue euer since continued Lords of the said Mannor of Buckhurst with diners other Manors and L●nds in Sussex c. Which William Earle of Devonsh● was sonne of S● William Cavendish of Chattesworth in the said Countie of Derby knight Treasurer of the Chamber to King Henry the eight Edward the sixt and Queene Marie by his wife Elizabeth daughter of lohn Hardwick of Hardwick Esquire The Auncestors of this Noble Familie called themselues G●r●ms whose issue
a beautifull body Memorable as making to our purpose is that speech of Sig●smund the Empero●r to a Doctor of the Ciuill Law who when he had receiued Knighthood at the Emperours hands left forthwith the societie of his fellow Doctors kept company altogether with the Knights which the Emperour well obseruing smilingly before the open assembly saide vnto him Foole who preferest Knighthood before Learning and thy degree I can make a thousand Knights in one day but cannot make a Doctor in a thousand yeares Now for as much as the Weale publique of euery Estate is preserued Armi● consilio this faire Tree by two maine branches disspreddeth her selfe into the Militarie Ciuil Discipline vnder the first I place Valor and Greatnesse of Spirit vnder the other Iustice knowledge of the Lawes which ● Consilij fons Magnificence and Eloquence For true Fortitude and greatnesse of Spirit were ennobled we reade Iphicrates that braue Athenian who ouerthrew in a set battaile the Lacedaemonians stopt the furie of Epaminondas and became Lieutenant Generall to Artaxerxes King of Persia yet but the sonne of a poore Cobler Eumenes one of the best Captaines for valour and aduice Alexander had was the sonne of an ordinarie Carter Dioclesian was the sonne of Scriuener or Book-binder Valentinian of a Rope-maker Maximinus of a Smith Pertinax of a Wood-monger Seruius Tullus sonne of a Bond-woman thence his name Seruius Tarquinius Priscus of a poore Merchant or rather Pedler in Corinth Hugh Capet the first of that name King of France the sonne of a Butcher in Paris who when Lewis the sixth sonne of Lothary was poisoned by Blanch his Wife for Adulterie being a stout fellow and of a resolute Spirit hauing gathered a company like himselfe and taking his aduantage of the time and distempered humour of the State carried himselfe and his businesse so that he got the Crowne from the true heire Charles the Vnckle of Lewis Lamusius the third King of the Lombards was the sonne of a common Strumpet found laid and couered with leaues in a ditch by King Agelmond who by chance riding that way and espying a thing stirre in the ditch touched it with the point of his Lance to see what it was which the Infant with the hand taking fast hold of the King amazed and imagining it as a presage of some good fortune toward the child caused it to be taken out of the ditch and to bee brought vp which after nursed in the lap of Fortune by many degrees of Honor got the Crowne of Lombardy Neither are the truly valorous or any way vertuous ashamed of their so meane Parentage but rather glorie in themselues that their merit hath aduanced them aboue so many thousands farre better descended And hence you shall many times heare them freely discourse of their beginning and plainely relate their bringing vp what their Parents were I remember when I was in the Low-Countries and liued with Sir Iohn Ogle at Virecht the reply of that valiant Gentleman Colonell Edmondes to a Countrey-man of his newly come out of Scotland went Currant who desiring entertainment of him told him My Lord his Father and such Knights and Gentle-men his Couzins and Kinsmen were in good health Quoth Colonell Edmondes Gentlemen to his friends by beleeue not one word hee sayes my Father is but a poore Baker of Edenbourgh and workes hard for his liuing whom this knaue would make a Lord to currie fauour with me and make ye beleeue I am a great man borne c. So that the valiant Souldier you see measureth out of the whole cloath his Honour with his sword and hence in ancient times came Rome Athens Carthage and of late the Ottoman Empire to their greatnesse Honor being then highly prized euery one aymed at Nobilitie and none refused the most desperate attempts for the good of his Countrey Thus the Decij Cato Marcellus with infinite others became ennobled and had their Altars Statues Columnes c. and were welnigh adored with as great respect as their Gods themselues From no lesse meanesse of birth and beginning we find many great and famous Bishops Ciuilians Orators Poets c. to haue attained to the greatest dignities both of Church and Common-wealth and to haue checked with their Fortunes euen Glorie her selfe Pope Iohn the two and twentieth was a poore Shooe-makers sonne Nicholas the fifth was sonne of a Poulter Sixt●● the fift of a Hog-heard Alphenus but a Tailors Apprentice who running from his Master went to Rome and there studied the Ciuill Law and so profited that for his learning and wisedome he was after created Consull Vlpian but meanely borne yet Tutor to Alexander the Emperour Cicero was borne and brought vp at Arpinum a poore and obscure Village Virgil the sonne of a Potter Horace of a Trumpeter Theophrastus of a Botcher with infinite others I might alledge as well of ancient as moderne times For doing Iustice the Romanes of a priuate man and a stranger chose Numa for their King and on the contrary as Plutarch writeth comparing them together Lycurgus of a King for Iustice sake made himselfe a priuate man for A goodly thing saith Plutarch it is by doing iustly to obtaine a Kingdome and as glorious to prefer Iustice before a kingdome for the vertue of the one Numa made him so esteemed and honoured that he was of all thought worthy of it of the other so great that he scorned it In like manner for their good Lawes and doing Iustice were aduanced to their Thrones and goodly Tribunals Minos Rhadamantus though subiects of Poets fables Aratus Solon c. And how fairely beyond their Lawrels the name of Iust became Aristides Traiant Agesilaus with many others I leaue to Historie to report For Magnificence and obliging the places wherein they liued by great benefits were ennobled Tarquinius Priscus a stranger and a banished man and of later times Cosmo di Medici in Florence vpon whose vertues as vpon a faire prospect or some princely Palace giue me leaue a little as a traueller to breathe my selfe and shew you afarre off the faire Tutrets of his more then royall Magnificence being but a priuate man as I finde it recorded in his Historie by Machiauell This Cosmo saith he was the most esteemed and most famous Citizen being no man of warre that euer had beene in the memorie of man either in Florence or any other Citie because he did not onely excell all others of his time in Authoritis and Riches but also in Liberalitie and Wisedoms For among other qualities which aduanced him to be chiefe of his Countrey he was more then other men liberall and magnificent which liberalitie appeared much more after his death then before For his sonne Piero found by his Fathers Records that there was not any Citizen of estimation to whom Cosmo had not lent great summes of Money and many times also he did lend to those Gentlemen whom he knew
Shield within a Bordure Componeè Or and Gules before the Armes of Ferrara in recognisance of the league and fidelitie wherein hee promised to stand bound to serue the King at his own charges And for the like respect Lewis the eleuenth in May 1465. allowed Pietro de Medici to beare three Flower-de-luces in his shield which I haue seene borne in cheife vpon one of his sixe Lozenges Of Difference by the Labell A second difference is by the Labell borne chieefely as the difference of the elder Brother As Edward the blacke Prince and all our Princes of Wales eldest sonnes to the King beare their Fathers Soueraigne Coate with a Labell of three points Siluer Iohn of Gauns had his Labell Ermin Edmond of Langley Duke of Yorke on his Labell Siluer nine Torteauxes Edmond Plantagenes sonne and heire of Richard Duke of Yorke Earle of Ru●land who being a Child scarce twelue yeares of age was stricken to the heart with a Dagger by the Lord Clifford at the battaile of Wakefield had vpon his Labell of fiue points Argent two Lionceaux Gules with nine Torteauxes The Coate of Vls●er and Mortim●r being ●mpaled with his owne as may be seene in the windowes of F●deringhay Castle the mansion house of the Duke of Yorke where by his father Richard Duke of Yorke and Cicely Nevill his mother hee lyeth buried whose bodies remoued out of F●deringhay Church-yard for the Chancell in the Quire wherein they first were laid in that fury of knocking Churches and sacred Monuments in the head was also felled to the ground lapped in Lead were buried in the Church by the commandement of Queene Elizabeth and a meane Monument of Plaister wrought with the Trowell erected ouer them very homely and farre vnfitting so Noble Princes I remember Master Creuse a Gentleman and my w●rthy friend who dwelt in the Colledge at the same time told me that their Coffins being opened their bodies appeared very plainly to be discerned and withall that the Dutchesse Cicely had about her necke hanging in a Silke riband a pardon from Rome which penned in a very fine Romane hand was as faire and fresh to be read as it had beene written but yesterday Of Difference by the Bend. A third difference is by the Bend Baston c. as the house of Bur●●● beareth Fr●●●● with a B●tune Gules though the proper and true Coate of 〈◊〉 is Of a Lyon Gules within an Orle of Escallops Azure Lewis Earle of Eureux in Normandy brother to Philip le B●ll bare Seme de France with a Batune Componeè Argent and Gules Iohn Earle of L●●●aster and Brother to Richard the first afterward King bare for his difference a Batune Azure If the mother be of the ligne Royall many times her Coate is preferred into the first quarter as H●nry Earle of D●●●nshire and Marqu●sse of Exeter ●●re his mother K●tharines Coate who was daughter to King Edward the fourth And the like Humphrey Stafford who was the first Duke of Buckingham by Anne Platag●n●● his mother ● the Coate of Thomas of Woodstocke whose daughter she was This Coate I remember standeth in the great Chancell window in the Church of Kimbalt●n In France it hath beene and it yet a custome among the Nobilitie to 〈◊〉 their owne proper Coates and take others as perhaps their Wi●es or the Armes of that Srig●●●● whereof they are Lords or whence they haue their Titles as Mons. Hugues brother to King Philip marrying the daughter and heire of Herbere Earle of Ver●●●d●●●s forsooke his proper Coate and bare his Wiues which was Checky Or and Azure onely three Flower-de-luces added in chiefe to shew he was of the blood And Robert Coun● de Dreux albeit he was brother to King Lewis 〈◊〉 bare Checky Azure and Or with a Bordure Gules Robert Duke of Burgogne brother to Henry the first tooke for his bearing the ancient Armes of the Dukes of Burgogne which was bendy Or and Azure within a Bordure Gules giuen by Charlemaigne to Sanson Duke of Burgogne And whereas we in England allow the base sonne his Fathers Coate with the difference of a bend Batune sinister or bordure engrailed or the like it was in France a long time forbidden I thinke vnder the Capets to the Princes of the blood as 〈◊〉 Earle of M●mfort base sonne to King Robert was forced to leaue his Fathers Coate and beare Gules a Lion à la queue fourcheè Or passeè per à lentour Argent for Le maison de France ●●●●tant les bastardes no leur endurè son armeirè c. saith Tillet The last and least obseruation is of Crests the Helmet the Mantle and doubling thereof which according to the manner of diuers Countries are diuersly borne In Germany they beare their Beauers open with Barres which we allow in England to none vnder the degree of a Baron in some places they haue no Crests at all If you would farther proceed in Nobilitie or Heraldry I would wi●h you to reade these bookes of 〈◊〉 ob●●itie in gener●●● Simon Simonius de N●●ilit●●e 〈…〉 at Leipsig 1572. Chassan●●●● his Catalogus Gloria mun●● Hippolitus à Collibus his Axumata Nobilitatis Conclusiones de Nobilitate Doctorain published by one of Meckleburg who concealeth his name printed 1621. dedicated to the Archbishop of Breme Petrus Eritzius Coun●●●●er to the Elector of Brandenburge published Conclusiones de Nobilitate in quarto Lionellus De pracedentia ●omi●um Of the Spanish Nobilitie these Authors haue written Ioannes ab Arce Offalora in folio Priuilegios y Franquezas y libertades des bijos d●algos De Senniorio de Vizcaia c. in fol. Ludovicus de Moll●●a De primog●nior●m Hispanicorum iure c. in fol. Iosephus de Sesse in Decis Aragon Decis 8. 9. 10. c. Gonzales de C●rte his Nobliza del Andaluzia in fol. Of Italy Sicily Naples c. Scipie Mazzella nelle Neapoli Illustrata in quarto Paulus Merula in Cosmograph lib. 3. pt 3. in Italian Of France The Workes of Tillet Fer●● Charles L'Ois●●● Choppin Theatre d'Honneur Of Germany or the Empire Fran. Contzen his Politiques in fol. The Collections of Goldastus with some others The practise of Blazonrie Willeged the first Abbot dyed the same yeare that Off a did of very griefe it was thought for the death of his king and kinsman whom he dearely loued Anno 8●8 After him succeeded these in order Eadricke Vulsigus Wul●●●us Eadfrithus Wulsinus Who built Saint Peters Church Saint Michaels and Saint Stephens and made a faire market place in the towne Alfricke Aldredus Who digged vp and searched the ruines of Verlam-cesire which in his time were dens of theeues and whores saued all the tile and stone for the repaire of the Church and in digging vpon the North side in the vale found oaken plankes pitched Shelles peeces of oares and a rusty Anchor or two Eadmer after his death being a religious and a good man imitating his predecessour saued all the ancient coines vrnes