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A67329 An account of the Islands of Orkney by James Wallace ... ; to which is added an essay concerning the Thule of the ancients. Wallace, James, d. 1688.; Sibbald, Robert, Sir, 1641-1722. Essay concerning the Thule of the ancients. 1700 (1700) Wing W491; ESTC R34706 63,791 200

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mense Romam rediit triumphavit maximo apparatu This Juvenal takes notice of when he says in his second Satyr Littora Juvernae promovimus modo captas Orcadas minima contentos nocte Britannos A little after this the Romans had not such cause to triumph over Orkney for when Agricola was their General in Britain Anno Christi 87 as Henry Isaacson computes it in his Chronological Tables he sent a Navy to sail about Britain to discover the largeness of it and whether it was an Island or not and after they had coasted many days towards the North they came at last in sight of Orkney which Tacitus for want of better information imagines to be unknown before that time but fearing to pass thorough Pightland-Firth for fear of Shallows they seized some of the Country People that liv'd in the next Islands constraining them to go aboard and pilot them thorough the Firth but they suspecting that the Romans had a hostile design on their Country not caring for their own Lives they enter'd the Strait at such an inconvenient time that the Ships were born with the violence of the stream against Rocks and Shelves in such a manner that they were all almost torn broke and lost without recovery only some few of the Navy that were not so hasty to follow perceiving the sad loss of their fellows returned by the same way they came and reported these lamentable Tidings to Agricola And indeed there is a place in Shapinsha over against which are impetuous Tides and dangerous Shallows at this day call'd Agricola but whether it got that name from this accident I am not able to determine But yet it seems that Orkney was a considerable thing in the Eyes of the Romans For Polyd. Virgil. lib. 3. Ang. Historiae speaking of the division of the Empire among the Sons of Constantine the Great reckons Orkney amongst the famous Kingdoms that fell to the share of his Son Constantine says he Huic sorte evenit Britannia cum Gallia Hispania Orchadibus This Country it 's like continued thus under the Government of their own Princes till the fatal Ruine and Subversion of the Pictish Kingdom in Scotland in the Year 839 at which time Keneth the second that Martial King of Scots having in many Battles overthrown the Picts at last expell'd them out of all Scotland seizing on Fife and Lothian and the other large Territories that they had therein he pursued them to Orkney vanquishing these Isles and adding them to his other Dominions Orkney being thus annex'd to the Crown of Scotland it continued many years under the Government of the Scottish Kings and their Lieutenants till about the Year 1099 at which time Donald Bain Lord of the Isles having usurped the Crown and caused himself to be proclaimed King of Scotland and being thereupon hardly put to it by the injur'd Heir and discontented Nobility that he might not lose what he had unjustly usurped he invited Magnus King of Norway to come to his assistance with an offer of the Isles for his pains who coming with his Navy Invaded Orkney and the Western Isles putting Garrisons in all convenient places By this means the Norwegians got possession of this Country who held it for the space of 164 years when they came to lose all again upon this occasion Anno 1263 Alexander the Third being then King of Scotland Atho by some called Hagin King of Norway hoping from the divisions that were then in the Kingdom and the Famine that was then sore pressing the Land to make some further conquest in Scotland he comes with a great Navy and Army of Danes and Norwegians to the West Isles and conquers Arran and Bute which were the only Isles at that time under the dominion of the Scots and from this success hoping for greater matters he lands on the Continent and takes in the Town and Castle of Air. But King Alexander having assembled a great Army assaults him in Battle at Largis kills his Nephew a Man of great Renown and after a great Slaughter of his Soldiers to the number of twenty four thousand puts the remainder to flight Immediately upon this defeat King Acho hears of another sad loss namely That his Fleet by a Storm were all cast away and broken against the Rocks except four in which he presently embarked and fled away to Orkney being come thither he sent to Norway and Denmark for a new Army and Fleet with an intention again to Invade Scotland the next Summer but he died the beginning of the following Year January 22 Anno 1264 and was bury'd in that place where the Cathedral now stands under a Marble Stone which is seen to this day and goes under the name of his Monument After his death King Alexander Invaded the Isle of Man and the Western Isles which after some opposition he recover'd and intending to make the like attempt for the recovery of Orkney and Zetland there came Ambassadors to him from Magnus King of Norway and Denmark who succeeded Acho in these Kingdoms after several Treaties it was at last condescended upon that King Alexander should pay to the King of Norway the Summ of 4000 Merks Sterling with the Summ of 100 Merks by year and that for this Magnus King of Norway should quit all Right that he might pretend to the Isles of Orkney and Zetland and the other Isles of Scotland which accordingly he did by Letters under his Great Seal renouncing and giving over all Right and Claim that he had or might have both for him and his Successors to these and all the other Isles of Scotland and for the better confirmation hereof a Marriage was agreed upon betwixt the Lady Margaret Daughter to Alexander and Hangonanus or Haningo or Aquin as others call him Son to King Magnus both Children to be completed when they came to a Marriagable Estate Orkney being in this manner recover'd from the hands of the Danes and Norwegians it continued ever after annexed to the Crown of Scotland King Alexander giving the property of it to a Nobleman sirnamed Speire Earl of Cathnes whose Son Magnus Speire Earl of Cathnes Orkney and Zetland was in great repute in the days of King Robert Bruce But he dying without Heirs Male his Daughter Elizabeth Speire succeeded him in the Estate and was Married to Sir William Sinclar who accompany'd Sir James Douglass when he went to accompany the Bruces Heart to Jerusalem He was great Grandchild to Willielmus de Sancto claro second Son to Valdosius Earl of Saint Claire in France This Sir William Sinclar by his Wife Elizabeth Speire had a Son call'd William also who was made Earl of Orkney and Zetland by King David Bruce He was first Marry'd to Florentina Daughter to the King of Denmark and after her death was Marry'd to Jane Halyburton Daughter to Walter Lord Dirleton To him succeeded Henry Sinclar usually call'd Prince of Orkney he was also made Duke of Oldenburgh by