with him gat nothing because he asked nothing whereupon the next time he played he threw the Ball to all but Alexander the King marvelling at it asked him why he threw not the Ball to him Forsooth said Serapion because you asked it not Alexander laughing at the jest sent him a liberall Gift As he was travelling through the Deserts of Persia himself and his Army were in great straits for want of water One of his Souldiers having two Sons ready to die of thirst sought up and down and at last found a little water wherewith he filled a leather Bottell and was running with it to his Sons but meeting Alexander by the way he filled it out into a dish and profered it to him Alexander asked him whither he was carrying it the man told him that his two Sons were ready to die with thirst But said he pray you Sir do you drink it For if my Sons die I can get more but if you die we shall not have such an other King Alexander hearing this gave him the water again and bid him carry it to his Sons Alexander in his younger dayes was so moderate and temperate that he would often open his chests and look upon his Garments to see if his mother had not provided him either delicate or superfluous Apparell Also when the Queen of Caria to shew her great love to him sent him daily variety of Dishes and Dainties and at last sent her Cooks and Bakers to him he returned them back again saying That he had no need of their service for his Master Leonidas had provided him better Cooks by teaching bim to dine and sup Frugally and sparingly Also when he had any rare and dainty Fruits or Fishes sent him from the Sea he used to distribute them amongst his Friends reserving very little or none for his own use One craving a small gift of him he gave him a whole City and when the Poor man said That it was too much for him to receive Yea said Alexander but not for me to give As he was advanceing to Conquer a Kingdom in India Taxilis who was King thereof came and met him saying O Alexander What need we fight if thou comest not to take away my food and water for which its only fit for wise men to fight If thou seekest after Riches if I have more than thou I will give thee part of mine if thou hast more than I I will not refuse part of thine Alexander being much taken with his speech said to him Go to I will contend with thee in bounty and so they mutually gave and received many Gifts At last Alexander gave him a Thousand Tallents which much grieved his Friends and rejoyced the Barbarian He shewed an admirable Example of his Chastity in the heat of his youth when having taken the Mother Wives and Daughters of Darius women of admirable beauty yet neither by word nor deed did he profer them the least indignity thinking it a greater honour to overcome himself than his Adversaries And when he looked upon other Captive Ladies that excelled in stature and beauty he merrily said Persides oculorum dolores esse That the Persian women were a disease of the eyes and yet he looked on them but as one so many Statues When he was informed that two of his Captains under Parmenio had ravished two of the Persian Ladies he wrote to him to enquire after the matter and if he found it true he should cut off their Heads as of Beasts born for the hurt of mankind He also sent him word that himself was so far from contemplating the Beautâ— of Darius his Wife that he would not so much as suffer her to be commended in his presence and that he was so carefull of their Chastity that they lived in his Camp shut up in their Tent as if they had been in a Temple At the Death of Ephestion his Favourite he did not only clipp the haire of his Horses and Mules but plucked down also the Battlements of the City walls that they might seeme to mourne for his Miâ—ions Death shewing now deformity instead of their former Beauty Porus an Indian King fighting valiently against him received many wounds and at last being overcome and falling into his enemies hands they brought him to Alexander who hearing of his coming went forth with some of his Friends to meet him and asked him what he would have him to do for him Porus answered My only desire is that thou use me like a King Alexander admiring his magnimity replyed This I will do for my own sake but what wouldest thou have me doe for thine Porus answered That all was contained in his former demand of Kingly usage Alexander was so pleased with this that he restored him to his Kingdom and gave him an other bigger than his own FINIS THE LIFE DEATH OF CHARLES THE GREAT KING of FRANCE AND EMPEROR of GERMANY By Sa. Clarke sometime Minister in St Bennet Finck London LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1665. THE LIFE DEATH OF CHARLES the GREAT King of FRANCE and Emperor of GERMANY PEPIN sirnamed The short the 23d King of France a wise and valiant Prince had two Sons Charles and Caroloman and five daughters Birthe who was maried to Milon Earl of Mans by whom she had great Rowland Hiltrude maried to Rene Earl of Genes by whom she had the renowned Oliver Rohard Adeline Idubergue Ode and Alix Pepin being toiled out with great Wars much broken with the care of Publike affairs and now grown Old that he might imploy his last dayes in the maintenance of Justice and Peace the burden of War he laid upon his Eldest Son Charles a wise and a valiant young Prince of whose modesty and obedience he was well assured And then retiring to Paris he was not long after surprised with sicknesse in which he recommended his two Sonnes to the Estates of France to give them portions at their pleasures and so ended his dayes Anno Christi 768. He was a Religious Prince wise moderate valiant loving to his Subjects and beloved of them happy in his Father and his Children and in his Government An excellent Patterne for other Princes who by his Example hold it for an undoubted Maxim That the strongest Fortress and best security for a Prince is the love of his Subjects and the surest bond of his Authority a respect gotten and preserved by virtue Pepin being dead the Estates of France assembled together and by their joynt consents divide the Kingdom betwixt his two Sons Charles and Caroloman by equal portions Brother 's these were of divers humors who had certainly ruined each other by this equality of power had not the death of Caroloman within three years after divolved the Goverment of the whole Realm upon Charles Charles was endowed with singular gifts both of Body and Mind which
All that thou sees't and readest is Divâ—â—â— Learning thus vs'd is water turn'd to winâ— Well may wee then despaire to draw his 〈◊〉 View heere the case i th Booke the Jewell finâ— P V. A. 〈…〉 THE LIFE DEATH OF ALEXANDER the Great The first Founder of the GRECIAN EMPIRE Represented by the Brazen belly of that Image Dan. 2. 32. and by a Leopard with four wings Dan. 7. 6. and by a He-Goat with a great horn between his eyes Dan. 8. 5. AS ALSO The LIFE and DEATH of CHARLES the GREAT Commonly called CHARLEMAGNE The first Founder of the FRENCH EMPIRE By SA CLARKE sometime Minister in St Bennet Fink London LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1665. Licensed to be Printed Roger L'Estrange THE LIFE DEATH OF ALEXANDER the Great The first Founder of the GRECIAN EMPIRE Represented by the Brazen belly of that Image Dan. 2. 32. and by a Leopard with four wings Dan. 7. 6. and by a He-Goat with a great horn between his eyes Dan. 8. 5. By Sa. Clarke sometime Minister in St Bennet Fink London Promotion comes neither from the East nor from the West nor from the South But God is the Judge He putteth down one and setteth up another Psal. 75. 6 7. LONDON Printed for William Miller at the Gilded Acorn in St Pauls Church-yard near the little North Door 1665. THE LIFE DEATH OF ALEXANDER the Great KING OF MACEDONIA ALEXANDER surnamed the Great was the Son of Philip King of Macedonia and of his Queen Olympias He was born on the sixth day of our June called by the Macedonians Lous Upon the very same day that the Temple of Diana in Ephesus was burned down whereupon the Priests Magicians and South-sayers ran about the City crying that some great Plague and mischief to Asia was surely born that day Three messengers came to King Philip presently after he had won the City of Potidaea upon the same day who brought him great Newes the first that Parmenio his Generall had won a notable Battel of the Illyrians the second that his Horse had won the prize at the Olympian Games and the third that his wife Olympias had brought him a Son that was named Alexander born at Pella in Macedonia Philip being marvellous glad to hear these newses the Southsayers much added to his joy assuring him that his Son that was thus born should be invincible He had naturally a very fair white colour mingled with red which chiefly appeared in his face and breast His skin had a marvellous sweet savour and his breath was very sweet which shewed his excellent constitution He was naturally hot and Cholerick which made him to be addicted to drink and hasty and yet was chast withall His Father was very carefull of his Education and therefore gat for him excellent Tutors as Leonidas which had the chiefest Government of him Then Lysimachus an Acarnanian and Aristotle the Best Philosopher of his time to whom Philip allowed a very Honourable stipend He delighted much in hunting divers kinds of wilde Beasts and playing at the Staff On a time while he was young Ambassadors were sent to his Father from the King of Persia and it fell out that Philip was in some journey out of his Kingdom Alexander therefore intertained them familiarly not using any childish questions to them nor enquiring about trifling and triviall matters but what distance it was from one place to another and which way they went into the higher places of Asia Also about the King of Persia himself how he behaved himself towards his enemies and what power he had c. insomuch as they were ravished with delight to hear him judging him to be of great Courage and of a Noble minde and one that was like to attempt great enterprises When at any time news was brought him that his Father had taken some famous City or had won some great Battel he was no whit glad to hear it but would say to his play-fellows Sirs My Father will do all I shall have nothing left me to Conquer with you that will be ought worth Upon a time Philonicus a Thessalian brought a brave Horse called Bucephalus to sell unto King Philip demanding thirteen Talents for him and they went into the Field to try him But the Horse was found to be so unruly and churlish that they which should have ridden him said that he would never be made serviceable For he would let no man get upon his Back nor abide any of the Gentlemens voices that were about Philip but would yerk at them with his heels whereupon Philip being afraid bad them take him away as a wilde untamable and unprofitable Beast which they had done accordingly had not Alexander that stood by said O Gods what a Horse do they turn away for lack of skill and courage to handle and break him Philip heard what he said but held his peace Alexander often repeating those words and seeming sorry that the Horse should be sent back Philip said Why doest thou controll them that have more skill and experience than thy self and that know better how to handle a Horse than thou doest Alexander answered and yet me-thinks I could handle him better than all they have done But if thou canst do no more than they replied Philip what wilt thou forfeit for thy folly I am content said Alexander to forfeit the price of the Horse Every one laughed to hear his answer and the match was made between the Father and the Son Then ran Alexander to the Horse and took him by the Bridle and turned him towards the Sun It seems he had observed how mad the Horse was to see his own shadow which was before always before his eyes as he stirred too and fro Then Alexander speaking gently to the Horse and clapping him on the back with his hand till he had left his fury and sâ—orting softly let fall his Cloke from him and lightly leaped on his back and so gat up without any danger and holding the reins of the Bridle hard without striking or stirring the Horse made him to be gentle enough And when he perceived that the fury of the Horse was calmed he put him forward and began to Gallop Then he put him to his full carrier spurring and switching him Philip at first seeing his sons confidence began to fear lest he should catch any hurt But when he saw him readily to turn the Horse at the end of his carrier and shewing bravery for what he had done all the Spectators gave a great shoot for joy and the Father fell a weeping for joy and when Alexander was allighted from the Horse his Father went and kissed him saying O Son thou must have a Kingdom that is meet for thee for Macedonia is not sufficient for thee Considering also that he was not to be rigorously dealt with and that by gentle means and perswasions
when he was first apprehended perceiving how the matter was like to go had so wounded himself that he lived no longer than to give his last groan in the Kings presence Then was Philotas sent for and charged with the suspition which his silence might justly breed His answer was that when the Treason was revealed to him by Nicomachus he judged it to be but frivolous and therefore forbore to acquaint Alexander with ir till he could procure better information This errour of his if it were but an Errour though Alexander for the notable services done by his Father Parmenio and his Brother Nicanor lately dead and by Philotas himself had freely pardoned him and given him his hand for assurance Yet by the instigation of Craterus he falsified his Princely promise and made the Enemies of Philotas his Judges Craterus indeed perswaded himself that he could never find a better occasion to oppress his private enemy than by pretending Piety and Duty to his Prince Whence a Poet saith See how these Great men clothe their private hate In these fair colours of the Publick good And to effect their ends pretend the State As if the State by their affection stood And Arm'd with Power and Princes Jealousies Will put the least conceit of discontent Into the greatest rank of Treacheries That no one action shall seem innocent Yea Valour Honour Bounty shall be made As accessaries unto ends unjust And even the service of the State must lade The needful'st undertaking with distrust So that base vileness idle Luxury Seem safer far than to do worthily Now the King following the advice of Craterus had resolved the next day to put Philotas to the Torment yet in the very evening of the same night in which he was apprehended he called him to a Banquet and discoursed as familiarly with him as at any other time But when in the dead of the night Philotas was taken in his lodging and that they which hated him began to binde him he cried out upon the King in these words O Alexander the malice of mine enemies hath surmounted thy mercy and their hatred is far more constant than the Word of a King Many circumstances were urged against him by Alexander himself and this was not the least not the least offence indeed against the Kings humour who desired to be adored as a God that when Alexander wrote unto him concerning the title given him by Jupiter Hammon he answered That he could not but rejoyce that he was admitted into the Sacred fellowship of the Gods and yet he could not but withall grieve for those which should live under such a one as would exceed the nature of man This said Alexander assured me that his heart was estranged and that he despised my Glory Philotas was brought before the multitude to hear the Kingâ— Oration against him He was brought forth in vile Garments and bound like a Thief where he heard himself and his absent Father the greatest Captain in the World accused and also his two other Brothers Hector and Nicanor who had lost their lives in these Wars wherewith he was so overcome with grief that for a while he could utter nothing for tears and sorrow had so wasted his Spirits that he sank between those that led him In the end the King asked him in what Language he would make his defence He answered In the same wherein it had pleased the King to accuse him which accordingly he did to the end that the Persians as well as the Macedonians might understand him But here of the King made this advantage perswading the Assembly that he disdained the language of his own Country and so withdrawing himself he left him to his merciless enemies This proceeding of the Kings Philotas greatly lamented seeing the King who had so sharply invieghed against him would not vouchsafe to hear his answer For hereby his enemies were emboldned against him and all the rest having discovered the Kings mind and resolution contended amongst themselves which of them should shew the greatest hatred towards him Amongst many Arguments which he brought for his own defence this was not the least that when Nicomachus desired to know of Dimnus of what quality and power his partners in the conspiracy were seeming unwilling to adventure himself amongst mean and base Companions Dimnus named unto him Demetrius of the Kings Bed-Chamber Nicanor Amyntas and some others but spake not a word of Philotas who being Master of the Horse would greatly have graced the cause and encouraged Nichomacus And to make it more cleer that he knew nothing of their intents there was not any one of the Conspirators that in their torments would accuse him Yet at the last himself being put to extream torments by the devise of his professed enemies Craterus Cenus Ephestion and others Philotas accused himself hoping that they would have slain him immediatly But he failed even in that miserable hope and suffering all that could be inflicted on flesh and blood he was forced to confess not what was true but what might best please them who were far more merciless than Death it self Cruelty is not a humane vice It is unworthy of man It s even a beastly rage to delight in blood and wounds and casting away the nature of man to become a savage Monster Now whilst Alexanders hands were yet died in blood he commanded that Lyncestes Son in Law to Antipater who had been three years in Prison should be slain The same dispatch had all those that were accused by Nicomachus But Parmenio was yet living Parmenio who had served with great fidelity as well Philip the Kings Father as himself Parmenio that first opened Alexanders way into Asia That had cast down Attalus the Kings enemy That had always and in all hazards the leading of the Kings Vaunt-gard That was no less Prudent in Counsell then successfull in all his enterprises A man beloved of the men of War and to say the truth he that had purchased for the King the Empire of the East and of all the Glory and fame which he had attained to That he might not therefore revenge the Death of his Son though not upon the King for it was unlikely that he would have stained his fidelity in his â—â—â—â—ge having now lived seventy years yet upon thâ—â— who by base Flattery had possessed themselves of the Kings affection It was resolved that he should die also and Polydamus was imployed in this business a man whom of all others Parmenio trusted most and loved best Who to be short finding him in Media and having Cleander and other Murtheres with him slew him as he was walking in his Garden and reading the Kings letters This was the end of Parmenio saith Curtius who had performed many notable things without the King but the King without him did never effect any thing worthy of Praise These things being ended Alexander marched on with his Army and subdued the Araspitans
and made Amenides sometime Secretary to Darius their Governour Then he Conquered the Arachosians and left Menon to command over them Here the Army that was sometime led by Parmenio found him which consisted of twelve thousand Macedonians and Greeks with whom though with much difficulty he passed through some cold Regions At length he came to the foot of the Mountain Taurus towards the East where he built a City which he honoured with his own Name and peopled it with seven thousand of his old Macedonians worn out with age and the travels of War The Arians who since he left them were revolted he again subdued by the industry and valour of Caranus and Erigius and now he resolved to find out the new King Bessus in Bactria who hearing of his coming prepared to pass over the great River of Oxus which divides Bactria from Sogdiana Bessus having now abandoned Bactria Alexander made Artabazus Governour of it and himself marching forward with his Army they suffered great want of water insomuch as when they came to the River Oxus there died more of them by immoderate drinking than Alexander had lost in any one Battel against the Persians He found upon the Banks of this great River no manner of Timber or other materials wherewith to make Bridges or Boats or Rafts but was forced to sew together Hides that covered his Carriages and stuffing them with straw he was six days in passing over his Army after that manner which Bessus might easily have distressed if he had dared but to look the Macedonians in the face He had formerly complained of Darius for neglecting to defend the Banks of Tygris and other Passes and yet now when this Traiterous slave had stiled himself a King he durst not perform anything worthy of a slave and therefore they that were neerest to him and whom he most trusted to wit Spitamenes Dataphernes Catanes and others the Commanders of his Army moved both by the care of their own safety and the remembrance of Bessus his Treason and cruelty against Darius bound him as he had done his Master only his chain was closed about his neck like a Mastiff Dog and so they dragged him a long to present him to Alexander In the mean time Alexander was arrived at a certain Town inhabited by Greeks of Miletum brought thither by Xerxes when long before he returned out of Greece whose children had now almost forgoten their Country Language These entertained him with great joy but he most cruelly put them all to the Sword and destroyed their City At this Place he received Bessus and having rewarded Spitamenes and his Associates he delivered the Traitor into the hands of Oxatre Brother to Darius to be tormented by him But now when he thought himself most secure and out of danger some twenty thousand Mountainers assaulted his Camp in repelling whom he received a shot in his legg the Arrow head sticking in the flesh so that he was faign to be carried in a Horslitter for some time after Shortly after he came unto Maracanda judged by some to be the same with Samarcand the Imperiall City of the Great Tamerlan which was in compasse seventy furlongs Heere he received the Ambassadors of the Seythians called Avians who offered to serve him Presently after the Bactrians with the Sâ—gdians were again stirred up to Rebellion by the seme Spitamenes and Catanes who had lately delivered Bessus into Alexanders hands Many Cities were stoutly defended against him all which after he had subdued them he utterly defaced killing all therein At the Siege of one of these he received a blow in the neck which struck him to the ground and disabled him from action many dayes after In the meane while Spitamenes had recovered Samareand against whom he sent Menedemus with three thousand Foot and eight hundred Horsmen In the heat of these affairs Alexander marched to the River Jaxartes that runs between Sogdiana and Scythia which he pasted over while Menedemus was imployed in the recovery of Samarcand Upon the Banks of this River he built an other Alexandria sixty furlongs in compasse which he beautified with Houses seventeen dayes after the walls were built But the Scythian King perswading himself that this City was built on purpose to keep him under made some attempts to hinder the erection of this new City but being naked of defensive Armes he was easily beaten-away Sixty of the Macedonians are said to be slain in this conflict and eleven hundred wounded which might easily be done in passing a great River defended against them by good Archers Of the Scythian Horses eighteen hundred were brought into the Camp and many Prisoners Whilest Alexander was securing himself against those Scythians bordering upon Jaxartes he received the ill newes that Menedemus was slain by Spitamenes his Army broken and most of them killed to wit two thousand Foot and three hundred Horse He therefore intending revenge upon Spitamenes made all the hast he could but Spitamenes fled into Bactria Whereupon Alexander killed burned and laid wast all before him not sparing the innocent Children and so departed leaving a new Governour in that Province To repaire this losse he received a great supply of nineteen thousand men out of Greece Liâ—ia and Syria with all which and his old Army he returned towards the South and passed the River of Oxus on the South-side whereof he built six Townes neer each to other for their mutuall security But he found a new up-start Rebel one Arimazes a Sogdian who was followed by thirty thousand Souldiers that defended against him a strong piece of ground on the top of an high and steep Hill Alexander sought but in vain to winne him with fair words wherefore he made choise of three hundred young men and promised ten Tallents to the first nine to the second and so proportionably to the rest that could find a way to creep to the top thereof This they performed with the losse of thirty two of their number and then made a signe to Alexander that they had accomplished his Commandment Hereupon he sent one Cophes to perswade Arimazes to yeild up the place who being shewed by Cophes that the Macedonians were already gotten up he yeilded simply to Alexanders mercy and was with all his kindred scourged and Crucified which punishment they well deserved for keeping no better a watch in so dangerous a time For the place might have been defended against any power After these Sogdian and Scythian Wars Alexander committed the Government of Samarcand and the Country about it to Clytus whom yet he slew soon after for preferring the virtue of Philip the Father before that of Alexander the Son or rather because he objected to the King the death of Parmenio and derided the Oracle of Hammon for therein he touched him to the quick his Speech being in publick and at a drunken Banquet Clytus indeed had deserved as much at the Kings hand
as any man living having saved his life which the King well remembred when he came to himself and when it was too late to repent As Clytus in his Cups forgat whom he offended So Alexander in his drunkennesse forgat whom he slew for griefe whereof he afterward tore his Face and sorrowed so inordinately that had he not been overperswaded by Calisthenes he would have slain himself Drunkenesse both kindles and discovers every vice It removes shame which gives impediment to bad attempts Where Wine gets the mastery all the evill which before lay hidden breaks out Drunkennesse indeed rather discovers vices than makes them Soon after this Spitamenes who slew Bessus and had lately revolted from Alexander was murthered by his own Wife and his Head was presented to Alexander Spitamenes being thus taken away the Dabans also seized upon his fellow conspirator Dataphernes and delivered him up So that Alexander being now freed from all these petty Rebels and disposed of the Provinces that he had quieted marched on with his Army into Gabaza where it suffered so much Hunger Cold Lightning Thunder and such storms that in one of them he lost a thousand men From hence he invaded the Sacans and destroyed their Country Then came he into the Territories of Cohortanes who submitted himself to him and presented him with thirty beautifull Virgins amongst whom Roxane afterwards his Wife was one which although all the Macedonians stomached yet none of them durst use any freedom of speech after the death of Clytus From hence he directed his course towards India having so encreased his numbers as amounted to one hundred and twenty Thousand Armed men In the mean while he would needs be honoured as a God whereunto that he might allure his Macedonians he implyed two of his parasites Hagis and Cleo whom Calisthenes opposed For amongst many other honest Arguments which he used in the Assembly he told Cleo that he thought that Alexander would disdaine the title of a God from his Vassels That the opinion of Sanctity though it did sometimes follow the Death of those who in their Life-time had done the greatest things yet it never accompanied any one as yet living in the world He said that neither Hercules nor Bacchus were Deified at a Banquet and upon drink fot this matter was propounded by Cleo at a Carousing Feast but for the more than manly acts preformed by them in their Life-time for which they were in succeeding Ages numbred amongst the Gods Alexander stood behind a partitian and heard all that was spoken waiting but for an opportunity to be revenged on Calisthenes who being free of speech honest Learned and a lover of the Kings Honour was yet shortly after tormented to Death For upon occasion of a conspiracy made against the King by on Hermolaus and others who confessed it he caused Calisthenes without confession accusation or tryall to he torne asunder upon the Rack This deed unworthy of a King is thus censured by Seneca This saith he is the eternal crime of Alexander which no virtue or felicity of his in War shall ever be able to blot out For as often as any man shall say He slew many thousands of Persians it will be replyed He did so and he slew Calisthenes too When it shall be said that he wanâ— all as far as to the very Ocean whereon also he adventured with unusuall Navies and extended his Empire from a corner of Thrace to the utmost bounds of the East it shall be said withall But he killed Calisthenes Let him have outgone all the antient Examples of Captains and Kings none of all his Acts make so much to his Glory as the Death of Calisthenes to his roproach With the Army before mentioned of one hundred twenty thousand Foot and Horse Alexander entred into the Borders of India where such of the Princes as submitted themselves to him he entertained lovingly the others he enforced killing man woman and child where they resisted He then came before Nisa built by Bacchus which after a few dayes was rendred to him From thence he removed to a Hill at hand which on the top had goodly Gardens filled with delicate fruits and Vines dedicated to Bacchus to whom he made Feasts for ten dayes together And when he had drank his fill went on to Dedula and from thence to Acadera Countries spoiled and abandoned by the Inhabitants by reason whereof victuals failing he divided his Army Ptolomy led one part Cenon an other and himself the rest These took in many Towns whereof that of greatest fame was Muzage which had in it three hundred thousand men but after some resistance it was yeilded to him by Cleophe the Queen to whom he again restored it At the Siege of this City he received a wound in the legg After this Nola was taken by Polisperchon and a Rock of Great strength by Alexander himself He wan also a passage from one Eryx who was slain by his own men and his Head presented to Alexander This was the summe of his Actions in those parts before he came to the great River Indus And when he came thither he found there Ephestion who being sent before had prepared Boats for the transportation of his Army and before Alexanders arrivall had prevailed with Omphis King of that part of the Country to submit himself to this great Conqueror And hereupon soon after Alexanders coming Omphis presented himself with all the strength of his Country and fifty six Elephants unto him offering him his service and assistance He told Alexander also that he was an enemy to the two next great Kings of that part of India named Abiasares and Porus where with Alexaender was not a little pleased hoping by this their disunion to make his own victory by far the more easy This Omphis also presented Alexander with a Crown of Gold the like did the rest of his Commanders and with all he gave him eight Talents of Silver coined which Alexander not only refused but to shew that he coveted Glory not Gold he gave Omphis a thousand Talents of his own Treasure besides other Persian rarities Abiasares being informed that Alexander had received his enemy Omphis into his protection he resolved to make his own Peace also For knowing that his own strength did but equall that of Omphis he thought it but an ill match when Alexander who had already subdued all the greatest Princes of Asia should make himself a party and head of the quarrell So then now Alexander had none to stand in his way but Porus to whom he sent a command that he should attend him at the Borders of his Kingdom there to do him Homage But the gallant Porus returned him this manly answer That he would satisfie him in the first demand which was to attend him on his Borders and that well accompanied but for any other acknowledgment he was resolved to take counsel of his Sword To be short
the World amongst themselves his dead Body lay many days in that hot Countrey unburied stinking above ground A notable Embleme of the Vanity of all earthly things Besides this his vast Empire was divided amongst his great Captains To Ptolomaeus Lagi was allotted Egypt and Affrica To Laomedon Syria and Phoenicia To Python Media To Eumenes Paphlagonia and Cappadocia To Antigonus Pamphilia Lycia and Phrygia the Greater To Cassander Caria To Menander Lydia To Leonatus Phrygia the Less To Lysimachus Thracia with the neighbouring Countries To Antipater Macedonia and the neighbouring Nations But these men not contented with their shares fell out amongst themselves making War one upon another to their own destruction For Perdiccas warring upon Egypt was slain by his own Souldiers Antipater died Eumenes was betrayed by his own Souldiers and slain by Antigonus Olympias the Mother of Alexander was slain by Cassander Cleopatra sister to Alexander was slain by the treachery of Antigonus Antigonus himself was slain in Battel by Cassander Lysimachus Roxane the beloved Wife of Alexander together with her Son Alexander and Barsine another of his Wives which was Daughter to Darius were all slain by Cassander And presently after the whole Family of Cassander was rooted out Ptolomy died in Egypt Lysimachus was slain by Seleucus and Seleucus himself presently after by Ptolomy So that all the Family of Alexander within a few years after his Death was wholly extirpated And all his Friends and great Captains by their Ambition and mutuall contentions came most of them to untimely ends When the dead Body of Alexander had layen seven days upon his Throne at last the Chaldaeans and Egyptians were commanded from thenceforth to take the care of it But when they came about it they durst not at first approach to touch it But anon after saying their Prayers that it might be no sin unto them being but mortals to lay their hands upon so Divine a Body they fell to work and dissected it the Golden Throne whereon he lay being all stuffed with Spices and hung about with Pennants and Banners and other Emblems of his high State and Honour The care of his Funerall and of providing a Chariot wherein to carry his Body to the Temple of Jupiter Hammon was committed to Aridaeus who spent two whole years in making provision for it which made Olympias his Mother seeing him lye so long unburied in great grief of heart to cry out and say O my Son Thou that wouldst needs be accounted amongst the Gods and keptest such ado about it canst not now have that which every poor man hath a little Earth and Buriall Long after when Julius Caesar had Conquered Pompey and was idle in Egypt Lucan tells us that he visited the Temples and the Cave wherein the Body of Alexander the Great lay In these verses Vultu semper celante timorem Intrepidus Superum sedes Templa vetusti Numinis c. Then with a look still hiding fear goes he The Stately Temple of th' old God to see Which speaks the Ancient Macedonian greatness But there delighted with no Objects sweetness Nor with their Gold nor Gods Majestick dress Nor lofty City Walls with greediness Into the Burying Vault goes Caesar down Where Macedonian Philips mad-brain'd Son The prosperous Thief lies buried Whom just Fate Slew in the Worlds Revenge Alexander was very Learned and a great Lover of Learning and Learned men insomuch as he rewarded his Master Aristotle with eighty Talents for his History of Living Creatures He so prized Homers Iliads that in all his Wars he carried it in his pocket and laid it under his Pillow anights He loved his Master Aristotle as if he had been his Father and used to say We have our being from our Parents but our well-being from our School-Masters His Mother Olympias was very severe and morose in her carriage and once Antipater his Vice-Roy in Europe wrote large Letters of complaint to him against her to whom he returned this answer Knowest thou not that one little tear of my Mothers will blot out a thousand of thy Letters of complaint When he heard the Philosophers conclusion concerning the unity of the world he wept because there were no more worlds for him to Conquer but one An evident note of his great ambition which also manifested it self hereby That when he came to the Tomb of Achilles he fell a weeping considering that Achilles had a Homer to sing his praises and to perpetuate his memory whereas he had no such Poet to set forth his Commendations Also he commanded that no man should draw his Picture but Apelles the most exquisite Painter in the world and that none should make his Statue in Brass but Lycippus the most excellent Workman in that kind Alexander used to carry his Head on one side inclining to the left wherein his Court-Parasites to ingratiate themselves with him imitated him One desiring to see his Treasures and his Jewels he bad his Servants shew him not his Talents of Gold and Silver and such other precious things but his Friends When he had overcome Darius and gotten possession of all his Dominions and Treasures he began to degenerate into the Asian Luxury His Chastity and moderation were turned into Pride and Lust. He judged his Country manners and the Discipline of the former Macedonian Kings too sordid and mean for him He imitated the pride of the Persian Kings he made him a Crown and Robs like unto Darius He grew so proud and insolent that he suffered his Souldiers to fall down and worship him like a God Yea he comanded his servants and slaves to do so He clothed his Captains and Horse-men like unto the Persians which though they disliked they durst not refuse He gat him three hundred sixty five Concubines of the beautifullest virgins that could be found in Asia after the manner of the Persian Kings one of which lay with him every night He had his Troops of Eunuches with Musicians Jesters Singing women c. He spent whole dayes and nights in profuse Feasting and Revelling All which was very offensive to his old Captains and Souldiers When he was a Boy he took both his hands full of perfumes and cast them into the fire as he was Sacrificing whereupon Leonidas one of his Schoolmasters said to him O Alexander wben thou hast Conquered those Countries wherein these odors grow then thou maist be so liberall but in the mean time be more sparing Afterwards when he had Conquered Arabia Foelix he sent to Leonidas a hundred Tallents of Myrrhe and five hundred of Frankincense bidding him to be hereafter more Liberall in his service of the Gods He was of so bountifull a disposition that it was a greater trouble to him not to be asked than not to give He wrote to Phocian that he would make use of his friendship no more if he refused his Gifts Serapion a young Boy that used to play at Ball
were much improved by the sedulous care of his Prudent Father manifested in the virtuous education of him For which end he procured Paul of Pisa a learned man to instruct him in the Greek and Latin Tongues and one Aymon to read to him Philosophy and the Mathematicks Himself also trained him up in Feates of Armes and Warlike exercises But above all and as the ground of all virtues he was carefull to have him trained up and well instructed in Religion which all his life after he loved and honored with great Reverence the Church and Pastors thereof He called the study of Humane Sciences his Pastimes and the companions of his Sword and did sometimes recreate himself therein He loved Learning and Learned men by Nature He delighted in Poesy as some of his writings do shew but especially in History wherein he was exceeding well read Charity Temperance Equity care of Justice to releive his Subjects to keep his Faith and promise both to Friend and Foe and to use a Victory modestly were the notable effects of his excellent knowledge as remarkable in him as in any Prince that ever lived The Universities of Paris and Pisa either Founded or endowed by him witnesse the great love and honour that he did bear to learning During the Life of his Father Pepin he shewed how much he had profited in Armes under so good a Schoolmaster having great Commands under him which he discharged with notable reputation and the improvement of his skill and ability after he came to his Kingdom shew plainly that there was never any Soldier that carried Sword with more valour nor great Captain that commanded with more Obedience or that performed Noble Actions with greater successe or that used his Victories with more mildnesse and judgment Neither did ever King or Prince rule with more authority nor was more reverently obeyed by his Subjects and Soldiers then our Charles who therefore well deserved the name of Charlemagne or Charles the Great by reason of his great virtues He was of a lively disposition quick active and vehement Quicquid egit valdè egit Yet modesty and wisdom did so season and moderate his vivacity and vehemency as gave a great lustre to both and kept them within their due bounds And this mixture of divers humors so tempered with moderation made him as admirable for his Judgment as venerable in his Person and countenance There appeared in him a grave sweet Majesty in a goodly Personage His Body was large and strong He was very patient of labour Had a quick spirit was cleer and sound both in apprehension memory and Judgment Resolution never failed him in difficulties nor a Reply in Discourses Terrible he was to some Amiable to others according to the Cause Persons and Occurents which virtues purchased him such great esteem as that he was beloved respected and reverenced of all men which effects the story of his raign will shew For having received a great Kingdom from his Father he enlarged it with wonderfull successe God having raised him up to be a Bulwork to Christians against the inundation and rage of Barbarous Nations in the decay and ruin of the Empire And in prosecuting the Narrative hereof I shall first set down his actions during the Life of his Brother Caroloman then what he did from the time of his death till he was made Emperor and lastly what his Deportment was from thence to his Death Caroloman being Crowned King at Soissons as Charles was at Wormes began to be extream jealous of his Brothers greatnesse whom with grief he saw to be beloved honored and obeyed by all the French and that deservedly for his singular virtues and endowments both of Body and mind This jealousie too ordinary a concomitant of Princes made him seek by all meanes to undermine and overthrow the affairs of Charlemagne whose eyes were fixed upon Italy as the fittest and most glorious Theatre wherein to exercise his valour and to maintain his authority and power amongst Christians and Caroloman did all that possibly he could to cross his designes therein But before I bring him upon that stage give me leave to shew you what at this time was the State of Italy and Rome Rome sometimes the Head of the World was of late become the Chaos of all confusion the Randevouz of all Barbarous Nations as if they had vowed the ruine thereof by turnes having already sackt it three times For under the Empire of Honorius Anno Christi 414. The Goths under their King Alaricus after two years seige took it and sackt it but did not dismantle it Forty five years after during the Empire of Martian Anno Christi 459. the Vandales under the conduct of Genserick their King took it again sackt it spoiled and disgraced it leading the Wâ—ddow of the Emperor Valentinian the third away in Triumph And in the time of Justinian the Emperor the Goths under the command of Totila having weakned it by a long seige took it sackt and dismantled it Thus Rome was no more Rome but a spectacle of horrid confusion after so many devastations retaining nothing of her antient beauty but only the traces of her old buildings and the punishment of her Idolatry and Tyranny Afterwards the Longobards or Lombards held Italy for the space of two hundred years till by our Charlemagne they were subdued and expelled Presently after the Death of Pepin the Church of Rome fell into great confusions by the practices of Didier King of Lombardy who having corrupted some of the Clergy caused Constantine Brother to Toton Duke of Nepezo to be chosen Pope which he persecuted with such violence that he procured Philippicus who was already Canonically chosen to be deposed But the better party seeing themselves contemned by the Lombards assembled together and by common consent chose Steven the third a Sicilian by birth Pope who being conscious to his own weaknesse resolved to call in the King of France and to oppose him against his too-powerfull enemies Charles being thus sollicited by the Pope sent twelve Prelates speedily to Rome that he might strengthen the Popes party against the other intending in a greater need to apply a greater remedy and the matter succeeded according to his desire For a Councel being assembled at Lateran they confirmed Steven lawfully chosen and deposed Constantine who was set up by disorder and violence But Didier would not rest satisfied with this affront and seeing that force had succeeded no better he resolved to try Policy intending to undermine Steven with fair pretences For which end he sent to congratulate his Election purged himself in reference to the Anti-Pope Constantine now degraded accused both him and his Brother Toton of ambition and protested to live with Steven in amity and to manifest this his good meaning he desired him to be pleased with his repair to Rome that there he might confer with him in private The Pope who never seeks to the
enjoyment of the latter which came thus to passe Leo was at this time Pope of Rome against whom there was strange sedition raised by Syluester and Campul men of great credit in the Court of Rome These men with their adherents upon a solemn day of Procession seized upon Leo before St. Laurence Church whom they stripped of his Pontifical Robes cast him unto the ground trod him under their feet and bruised his face with their fists and having dragged him ignominiously through the dirt they cast him into Prison where yet he stayed not loâ—g being freed by a Groom of his Chamber called Albin and so having recovered St. Peters Church he sent to Vingise Duke of Spoleto intreating him to deliver him from this miserable Captivity Vingise failed him not but came to Rome and carried the Pope along with him to Spoleto where yet he stayed not long but from thence went to Charlemagne into Fraâ—â— whom he found full of Troubles He complained 〈…〉 of the Romans sought to usurp his power into their hanâ—â— and advised the King to exact an Oath of Fidelity of them Paschalis was there soon after him and accused the Pope of Adultery and other grosse Crimes Charlemagne dismissed them both and promised to be at Rome within a few moneths and accordingly prepared for his journey In December Anno Christi 800. Charlemagne was received in Rome with all shewes of Honour and within eight dayes he went into St. Peters Church and in the presence of all the people and Clergy he asked who had any thing to say against Pope Leo Paschalis or Paschasires and Campulus had published the Popes Crimes by Writ but knowing how Charlemagne stood affected towards both parties they appeared not so none prosecuting these crimes against him the Pope was absolved upon his Oath wherein he swore by God and the four Evangelists that all these things were false which they layed to his Charge Whereupon the King declared him innocent and condemned his accusers and within few daies three hundred of them were beheaded in the Lateran Field for their presumption and affectation of liberty on the eighteenth of December and shortly after Charles was chosen Emperor but before I speak of that I must represent you with a brief view of the present estate and condition of the Emperor of Constantinople The seat of the Roman Empire since the time of Constantine the great remained at Constantinople a City of Thrace situated in a convenient place for the guard of the Easterne Provinces After which all the West being full of new Guests who had expelled the Romanes the name authority and power of the Empire remained in the East where now the State was in a strange confusion the mother being banded against her Son and the People amongst themselves Constantine the Son of Leo the Fourth was Emperor at this time who from his Infancy was governed together with the Empire by his Mother Irene But being now come to the age of twenty years he assumed the Government into his own hands There was then a great division in the East which had been continued from Father to Son for fourscore yeares together about bringing Images into the Churches The Bishops would needs bring them in But the Emperors together with the greatest part of the People opposed themselves against them This contention had its beginning under Philip Bardanes was continued under Leo Isaurus and from him was derived to his Son Constantine surnamed Copronimus and to Leo the Fourth Son to the said Constantine This filled all the East with infinite scandalls The same fire of contention continued in the minority of our Constantine who was yet governed by his Mother a woman of a violent spirit who had undertaken the protect oÌ„ of Images held a Councel of many Bishops for the defence thereof But the people growing into a mutiny by force expelled them from Constantinople where their Assembly was held But Irene being resolved to carry on her design assembled another Councel at Nicea City of of Bithinia honored for having intertained the first general Councel under Constantine the Great the first of that name where it was Decreed that Images should be placed in Churches for devotion But Charlemagne did not allow of this Decree and either himâ—â—â—â— or some other by his Command did write a small Treatie against this Councel the which beares this Title A Treatise of Charlemagne touching Images against the Greek Synode This crafty Woman made choise of the City of Nicea that the name of the ancient first Councel held there might honour this new invention with the pretext of Antiquity For there are some that confound the first Council of Nicea with the second and Constantine the fourth with the first Constantine continued in the hereditary hatred of his Father and Grandfather against Images so as being of age and in absolute possession of his Empire he disannulled all these new decrees and caused the Images to be beaten down in all places Yet did he make all shews of respect to his Mother yeilding unto her a good part of his authority and command which respect was the cause of an horrible Tragedy For this Woman being transported for two causes both by reason of her new opinion and for despight that she had not the whole Government in her own power grew so unnatural that she resolved to dispossess her Son of the Empire and to seize up on it herself And indeed the authority which her Son had left her and the free accesse which she had unto his Person gave her oportunity for the execution of her design For having corrupted such as had the cheif Forces of the Empire at their command and won them to her with her Sons Treasure she seized on his Person put out his eyes and sent him into Exile where shortly after he died of grief and took possession of the Empire These unnatural and Tragick furies were practised in the East whiles that Charlemagne by his great Valour built an Empire in the West Irene in her Son Constantines life time would have married him with the eldest Daughter of Charlemagne but this accident crossed that design After the Death of Constantine Irene sent to Charlemagne to excuse herself of the murther disavowing it and laying the blame upon such as had done it as she pretended without her command And to win the good liking of Charlemagne she caused him to be dealt withall about marrâ—â—â—â— For at that time Festrude was dead with promise to consent that he should be declared Emperor of the West and that she also would resign unto him the Empire of the East But Charlemagne would not accept of her profers The Nobility and People of the Greek Empire did so hate Irene as having suffered her the space of three years in the end they resolved to dispossesse her This Woman the unnatural murtheress of her own child being thus publickly hated and
read over also St. Augustines works whom he loved and preferred before all the other Doctors of the Church He resided also at Paris that he might have oportunity of conferring with learned men There he erected a goodly University which he furnished with as learned meâ— as those times could afford and endowed it with great priviledges For he had an exceeding great care to make it a Nurcery for the holy Ministry that from thence the Church might be supplyed with able Teachers whence also grew so many Colleges of Chanâ—ons with sufficient revenues annexed thereunto Thus Charlemagne spent three years happily in the only care of his Soul leaving an illustrious example to all Princes to moderate and ennoble their greatnesse with Piety and so to enjoy their Temporal estates as in the mean time not to neglect their eternal concernments and to think of their departure out of this Life in time Foreseeing his Death whereunto he prepared himself by these exercise he made his last Will and Testamont leaving his Son Lewis the sole heir unto his great Kingdoms and bequeathed to the Church much Treasure But all things and Persons in this World have an end His Testament was but the Harbinger to his Death for presently after he was taken with a pain in his side or Pluresie and lay sick but eight dayes and so yielded up his Spirit unto God that gave it Anno Christi 814. and of his age seventy one and of his Raign forty seven including fifteen years of his Empire His Body was interred in a sumptuous Church which he had caused to be built in the City of Aquisgrave or Aix la Capelle where he was born and his memory was honored with a goodly Epitaph He was one of the greatest Princes that ever lived His vertues are a patterne to other Monarchs and his great successes the subject of their wishes The greatnesse of his Monarchy indeed was admirable For he quietly enjoyed all France Germany the greatest part of Hungary all Italy and a good part of Spain At the time of his Death he was in peace with the other Kings of Spain as also with the Kings of England Denmark Balgarie with the Emperor Leo of Constantinople and withall the Princes of that time This Noble Prince was endued with so many excellent virtues that we read of very few in antient Histories that excelled him so that he may be justly compared with the best of them For in Martial Discipline in Valour in Dexterity in feats of Armes there are none that exceeded him He obtained as many Victories fought as many Battles and subdued as many fierce and Warlike Nations as any one we read of and that both before and after that he was Emperor He was tall of Stature very well proportioned in all his members passing strong of a fair and grave countenance Valiant mild mercifull a lover of Justice liberall very affable pleasant well read in History a great Friend of Arts and Sciences and sufficiently seen into them and a man who above all loved and rewarded learned men He was very Charitable in his Kingdoms yea in his very Court he harboured and relieved many Strangers and Pilgrims In matters of Faith and Religion he was very Zealous and most of the Wars which he made were to propagate and enlarge the Christian Faith He being misled by the darknesse of the times wherein he lived superstitiously honoured and obeyed the Church of Rome and the Pope that was Bishop thereof together with other Bishops and Prelates commanding his Subjects also to do the like He was also very devout and spent much of his time in Prayer Hearing and Reading In his Diet he was very temperate and a great enemy to riot and excesse and though he was Rich and Mighty yet fed he his Body with what was necessary and wholesome not rare costly and strange And yet his virtues were not without their blemishes as the greatest commonly are not without some notable vices For in his Younger dayes he was much given to women adding Concubines to his lawful Wives by whom he had divers Children But this was in the time of his youth For afterwards he contented himself with his Wife and for a remedy of this imperfection though he was three or four times a Widdower yet he ever maried again the Daughter of some great Prince or other To conclude all he was an excellent Emperor that loved and feared God and dyed when he was very Old and full of Honour leaving Lewis the weakest of his Sons the sole heir of his great Empire but not of his virtues So that this great building soon declined in his posterity He had engraven upon his Sword Pro Deo Religione For God and Religion He used to set his Crown upon the Bible as our Canutus sometime put his Crown upon the Rood both of them thereby intimating that as all honour was due to God so true Religion was the best Basis of Government and that Piety was the best Policy The Epitaph which I spake of was this Sub hoc conditorio situm est Corpus Caroli Magni atque Orthodoxi Imperatoris qui Regnum Francorum nobiliter ampliavit per annos Quadraginta septem foelicite tenuit Decessit Septuagenarius Anno Domini 814. Indictione 7. Quinto Calend. Febru Under this Tomb lieth the body of Charles the Great and Catholick Emperor who most Nobly enlarged the Kingdom of the French and most happily ruled it for the space of forty and seaven years He died in the seventy and one year of his age In the year of our Lord eight hundred and fourteen the seventh Indiction on the fifth Calends of February He had five Wives the first was called Galcena the Daughter of the King of Galistria by whom he had no Children The second was Theodora the sister or as others say the Daughter of Dâ—diâ—r King of Lombâ—rdy whom he kept not long but repudiated her for sundry reasons The third was Hildeb anda Daughter of the Duke of Suevia whom he loved exceedingly and had by her three Sons viz. Charles his eldest whom he made King of the greatest and best part of France and Germany Pepin his second whom he made King of Italy Bavaria c. Lewis his youngest to whom he left the Empire intire his Brothers being both Dead in their Fathers Life time This Lewis was surnamed Debonaire or the Courteous He had also three Daughters the eldest was called Rothruda the second Birtha and the youngest Giselia who would never marry His fourth Wife he had out of Germany called Fastrada And his fifth and last was also a German Lady called Luithgranda of the Suevian Race by whom he had no Children He shewed his love to Religion by having one during his Meale-times that either read to him some part of the Holy Scriptures or else some part of Saint Augustines Books especially that De Civitate
Dei or some History He was also a great Friend to Learning and therefore erected three Universities One was Padua in Italy another was that at Boulognia the third was that in Paris whereunto he was excited by our Countryman Alâ—win who was his Tutor His Sons he caused to be trained up in the Study of the Liberall Arts and his Daughters to Learne to sow and practice good Huswifery He alwayes wore a short Sword at his Girdle in the Pummel whereof was engraven his Coat of Armes with which he Sealed all his Lawes c. And used to say Behold the Sword which shall defend my Lawes and that shall be drawn and imployed against those that break them In the year eight hundred and four The King of the Scots entered into the first League which was between the two Kingdoms of France and Scotland which was confirmed by succeeding Kings which occasioned one of them to adde unto their Coat of Armes a double streak of Gules with Flower de Lisses round their Escutchion to shew that their alliance with France conduced much to the support of their Kingdome FINIS His Parentage His Birth His Education His early wisdom Bâ—cephalus broken by Alexander His mildness He comes to his Kingdom He slays his Fathers murtherers He in-tends war against Persia. He subdues the Grecians And other Nations And the Thebans A brave Example His vision He goes into Asia His cruelty Gods Justice Darius his Pride His victory at Granick He wins many Cities and Countries The Queen of Caria Adopts him He Cuts the Gordian knot He Conquers the Islands Memnon dies Good Counsel neglected The Streights of Cilicia taken Darius his Army The manner of his march His Pride and Folly Alexander beats Darius Darius his cruelty and Folly Alexanders Chastity Darius flies Alexanders great success A notable Example Darius desires peace which Alexander rejected Tyre attempted and taken Alexanders rigor Darius his second message Rejected by Alexander Gaza besieged and taken Alexanders cruelty He goes to Jerusalem and worships the High Priest His vision His favor to the Jews Egypt delivered to him His journey to Jupiter Hammon Zach. 14. 18. His Pride The power of the Gospel Alaxandria built He passeth Euphrates And Tygris Base cowardize Darius his new Army An Eclipse frightens the Macedonians Darius his Wife died Proposals to Alexander Alexanders answer His ambition His Valour They prepare to fight A Battel Darius beaten and flyes Arbela taken and much Treasure Babylon taken Base cruelty Susa taken Gross folly Alexandor beaten Barbarous cruelty Persepolis taken A foolish enterprise Alexander turns Drunkard Persopolis burnt Darius his last Army The Treason of Bessus The fidelity of the Greeks Dariuâ— discharges his Attendants Darius made a Prisoner and abused Gods Justice Alexander pursues him Darius is wounded His last words Alexanders Ambition He goes into Hyrcania Diverse submit to him Queen of the Amazons comes to him He affects a Deity For which he is scorned of his Friends He burns all the Spoils Rebellion against him Treason against him It s discovered to Alexander Philotus accused Alexanders dissimulation Philatas accused by the King Philotus condemned and tortured to death Alexanders cruelty Parmenio murthered Alexander marches forward Builds a City Wants water Bessus taken Alexanders cruelty Bessus slain He is wounded He is wounded 〈◊〉 He builds a City Menedemus slain A Rebellion Clytus slain The effect of drunknesse Dreadfull stormes His Ambition Calisthenes speaks against it And is tormented to Death He marches into India His Feasts to Bacchus He conquers many Countries His Prodigallity He sends to Porus. A Battel Porus beaten He is restored to his Kingdom His Policy He builds two Cities His Conquests He builds a City He wants food His Debauchedness He Punishes his Officers He visits the Sepulchre of â—â—rus His cruelâ—y Calanus burnt himself His marriage and â—easting Harpalus slain His Army discontented He sends for Antipater Ephestion dies Alexander dies His Will The vanity of all earthly things The confusions after his Death Gods Justice His Character His love to his Mother His Ambition Flattery He degenerated after his victories His bounty His Temperance His Chastity King Pepins Children Pepins death His Character Charles made King His Education His Valour and other vertues His Endowments Carolomans envy The State of Rome Severall Popes chosen Steven confirmed Didiers Policy The Popes Secretaries hanged The Pope sends for K. Charles Troubles in Guienne Charles subdues Hunalt Charles his Policy and Clemency Charles his marriage Carolomans death Câ—arles his second mariage Pope Adrian Didiers Policy He makes Warre against the Pope Hunalts ingratitude The Pope sends to Charles for aid Charles Arms against Didier Didier prospers in his Wars Charles calls a Parliament Enters Italy and beates Didier Charles besieges Pavia Verona The Italians submit to him Verona taken And Pavia Didier taken Prisoner Charles his moderation A Councel at Rome New troubles in Italy But suppressed Charles his Wars with the Saxons The cause of it Charles calls a Parliament The Saxons overcome And converted Charles his Wars in Spaine Charles circumvenâ—ed Charles calâ—s a Parliament His great preparations His entry into Spain Pampelune taken Milon defeated Aigoland entred France Charles returnes Aigolans Policy Aigolands dissimulation Charles returnes into Spain Aigoland overthrown and slain The Sarazins Rally â— Gyant slain A Treaty of Peace A Traytor Charles returns into France Rowland assaulted His Valor His Death Charles overcomes the Sarazins Returns into France A Rebellion in Italy His Wars in Bavaria His Victories His education of his Children A Sedition in Rome The Pope freed out of Prison Flies to Charles Charles goes to Rome Clears the Pope upon his Oath The State of the Easterne Empire Contention about Images A Counsel from them Câ—arles against Images An unnatural Mother Irene treats with Charles Irene hated and deposed Nicephorus succeeds her He treats with Charles His large Dominions His title to the Empire Naucler An agreement betwixt Charles and the Pope Charles is envied Zonar Nicephorus is slain The Saxons oft rebell Charles his Prudence Crantz in Saxon. Bishopricks erected Troubles in Italy War with the Venetians Charles makes his Will He gives Laws to his Subjects Infidels beaten And the Bohemians and Polanders His War with the King of Denmarke Pepin dies And Charles New enemies rise up His love to the Church He called five Councels His Ecclesiastical Constitutions A Councel at Frankfurt His Temperance His Exercises His Charity His last Wars His preparation for Death He makes His Will His virtues His large Dominions His Character His Zeale His blemishes His Epitaph The time of his Death His Wives and Children His devotion His care of his Children His league with Scotland