Chronological Succession of the Forty Counts or Dukes of Savoy and Piedmont Earls 24.  Begun in Reigned Y. 1. Beroldus I. Count of Savoy 1000 22 or 23 2. Humbert I. White-hands 1023 25 3. Ame I.   4. Odo 1048 12 5. Ame or Amedaeus II. 1061 34 6. Humbert II. the Strong 1095 8 7. Amedaeus III. 1103 46 8. Humbert III. the Saint 1149 39 9. Thomas I. made Vicar-general of the Empire in Lombardy and Piedmont 1188 35 10. Amedaeus IV. 1233 5 11. Boniface Roland 1238 25 12. Peter the Little Charlemaign 1263 5 13. Philip I. 1268 17 Interruption The Four following had but Piedmont only 14. Philip II. 1282 23 15. James 1326 38 16. Ame 1366 36 17. Lewis 1402 16 18. Thomas II. 1285 10 19. Thomas III. 1295 15 20. Amedaeus V. the Great made Prince of the Empire 1310 13 21. Edward the Liberal 1323 6 22. Aimon the Pacifick 1329 14 23. Amedaeus VI. the Green 1342 40 24. Amedaeus VII the Red 1383 9 16 Dukes  Begun in Reigned Y. 25. Amedaeus VIII made Duke of Savoy in 1416. and Pope afterwards 1392 43 26. Lewis I. 1434 31 27. Lewis II. King of Cyprus having Married Charlotte Daughter of John King of Cyprus 1465 17 28. Amedaeus IX the Fortunate 1482 7 29. Philibert the Hunter   30. Charles I. the Warriour   31. Charles-John-Amedaeus 1489 7 32. Philip 1496 1 33. Gilbert the Fair 1497 7 34. Charles II. the Good 1504 49 35. Emanuel Philibert Iron-pate 1553 27 36. Charles Emanuel I. 1580 50 37. Victor Amedaeus 1630 7 38. Francis Hyacinth 1637 1 39. Charles Emanuel II. 1638 37 40. Victor Amedaeus-Francis the present Duke of Savoy since 1675  Emanuel Philibert Married Margaret Daughter to Francis I. King of France and died in 1580. leaving only one Son Charles Emanuel I. who waged War with France unsuccessfully he Married Katherine Daughter of Philip II. King of Spain and died in 1630. leaving several Sons and Daughters He was succeeded by Victor Amedaeus who was a great Lover of Peace but a War breaking out between the French and Spaniards he sided with the former and died of a Fever in 1637. leaving by his Wife Christina Daughter to Henry IV. of France Aloisia-Maria-Christina Married to his Unkle Maurice Prince of Oneglia Francis who died in 1632. Charles-Emanuel Margaret Married to Rainutius Duke of Parma Adelais Married to Ferdinand Elector of Bavaria And Katharine who died in 1637. Charles Emanuel II. succeeded his Father In 1663. he Married Magdalen Daughter to the Duke of Orleans and after her Death his Kinswoman Mary Daughter to the Duke of Nemours by whom he had the present Duke of Savoy Victor Amedaeus-Franciscus Born in 1666. who Married in 1684. Anna Maria Daughter to the Duke of Orleans by whom he has two Daughters Mary and From Thomas Son to Charles Emanuel I. and Brother to Victor-Amedaeus are descended by Mary of Bourbon Daughter to the Count of Soissons Aloise Married to the Marquiss of Baden Emanuel Philibert who Married Mary Catherine of Est Eugenius Mauritius who Married Olympia Niece to Cardinal Mazarin by whom he had Lewis Thomas Count of Soissons who Married Vrania Daughter to the Lord of Beauvois Philip Born in 1659. and Franciscus Eugenius so much talk'd of in the present Wars Born in 1665. The present Duke of Savoy declared War against France and fell in with the Confederates Jan. 4. 1690. because of the unreasonableness of the French King's Demands who sought no less than to Garrison Turin his Capital City and had prevail'd with him to Persecute his Innocent Protestant Subjects the Vaudois The French King being before that time possest of great part of Savoy has seized the whole since so that the Duke is now confined to Piedmont But in Summer 1692. he Marched with 3000 Men into Dauphine took Ambrun Gap c. spoil'd the Country at pleasure and would have made further progress had he not been taken with the Small-Pox which obliged him to return to Turin Savoy is generally divided into Six Parts viz. On the South 1. Savoy properly so called Chambery Cap. 2. The Valley and County of Maurienne Maurienne Bish 3. The Valley of Tarentaise Monstiers Archb. On the North 4. The Barony of Fossigni Bonneville 5. The Dukedom of Chablais Thonon 6. The Dukedom or Territory of Geneva Geneva Free Annecy Savoy Proper THE places of Note here Chambery Cap. Montmeillan Beaufort Aix Rumilly Les Eschelles Vigne Constans Aiguebele Miolans Chatelar La Rochete I. Chambery Chambery Lat. Cameriacum or Camberiacum or Camberium is the Capital of Savoy the ancient Residence of the Duke and the Seat of a Chamber of Accounts of an Office of Finances of a Bailywick and of a Parliament which they called a Senate because it consisted of Senators and four Presidents This Town is scituated on the confluence of the small Rivers Laisse and Albane or Orbanne in a plain environ'd with several little Hills It is great and well built with a Castle that commands the Town There is in the Duke's Palace the Holy Chappel which has Canons belonging to it and depending on the Bishop of Grenoble in France The chief Church is that of the Parish of St. Leger but there are several others which together with the Jesuits College are a great Ornament to it It is also imbelish'd with many fine Fountains which have their source in the Hill St. Martin and distribute their Water into the several parts of the Town besides this there are several small Channels of the River Orbanne The Houses in many places toward the Street are built on Pillars which form a Gallery and are good Places to walk in in Rainy Weather Chambery to the East has the Suburb of Monmeillan to the West that of Machee Vernay and on both sides very pleasant Walks amongst which the Mail is the most resorted and pleasant This Town is in the Hands of the French since 1690. It stands 27 Miles N. E. of Grenoble 44 S. of Geneva 55 W. of Lyons 100 N. W. of Turin and 270 S. E. of Paris Long. 25 d. 24 m. Lat. 45 d. 4 m. II. Monmeillan Monmeillan Lat. Monmelianus is a little Town upon the Iser 18 Miles S. E. of Chambery It has a vast strong Castle on the top of a steep Rock which commands the narrow passage betwixt the Mountains There is a Well cut in the Rock which supplies the Garrison and Inhabitants with Water The French besieged it 1691. and took it after it had made a very vigorous resistance III. Aix Aix which is Dignified with the Title of Marquisate at the foot of the Mountains between Chambery and Anneci and Rumilly is an ancient Town but small and ill-built However it is famous for the hot Baths of Allom and Sulphur adjoining to it which are very much frequented The County of Maurienne THE County or Valley of Maurienne reaches from the Alps to the River Isere on the one side and on
Long. 22 d. 44 m. Lat. 50 d. 24 m. V. Bouchain Bouchain Lat. Bochonium and Buccinium is situated upon the left Bank of the Scheld betwixt Valenciennes and Cambray It is a small Town but well Fortified and has a very good Castle It is the Capital of the County of Ostervand which in Times past belong'd immediately to the Eldest Sons of the Earls of Hainault it belongs to the French ever since 1676. and stands 10 Miles S. W. of Valenciennes and 28 W. of Mons. VI. Soignes Soignes is a small inconsiderable Town on the River Senne Eight Miles N. E. of Mons. VII Roccles Roccles is also a small open Town Eight Miles almost N. E. of Mons. VIII Quesnoy Quesnoy is a small Town but pretty considerable for its strength Subject to the French since 1654. It stands Seven Miles S. E. of Valenciennes and 18 S. W. of Mons. IX Bavay Bavay is a little Town about Six Miles S. W. of Mons. X. Maubeuge Maubeuge is a strong rich little Town on the River Sambre 10 Miles S. of Mons. XI Beaumont Beaumont is a little Town Nine Miles E. of Maubeuge and 15 S. E. of Mons Subject to the French and demolish'd by them in 1691. XII Landrecy Landrecy Lat. Landrecium seated on the Fountain of the River Sambre is small but strongly Fortified and Famous for the Sieges it has endured The Emperor Charles V. Besieged it in 1542. for Six Months with 150000 Men and retired from it at last without success By the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. it was left to the French It stands 15 Miles S. W. of Maubeuge and 23 S. of Mons. XIII Avesnes Avesnes is a pleasant and well Fortified Town upon the River Hepre in le pays entre Sambre Meuse it was granted to the French by the Pyrenaean Treaty and stands 10 Miles S. of Maubeuge and 30 W. of Cambray XIV Chimay Chimay seated on the River la Blanche or the White is at the entrance of the Forests Six Leagues from Avesnes notwithstanding what it has suffered by the almost continual Wars it is now very well re-establish'd and has a fine Castle It stands 21 Miles S. E. of Maubeuge XV. Marienburg Marienburg stands on the River Blanche it derives its Name from Mary of Austria Queen of Hungary and Governess of the Low Countries who Built it in 1542. It s situation is so advantageous that it was look'd upon as impregnable Yet the French took it and kept it by the Pyrenaean Treaty and have since dismantled it It lyes 29 Miles S. E. of Mons. XVI Philippeville Philippeville was Built by the same Queen Mary of Hungary in 1555. and called by the Name of King Philip. Besides its Situation that is naturally strong it was excellently well fortified to oppose the French who are Masters of it now according to the Pyrenaean Treaty in 1659. It stands 11 Miles W. of Charlemont 15 S. of Charleroy 20 S. W. of Namur and 24 S. E. of Mons. Places of Hainault belonging to the Spaniards I. Lessines LEssines or Lessin Lat. Lessina is a small City on the River Dender famous for the Manufactory of Linnen it stands 18 Miles N. of Mons 20 almost W. of Brussels and 22 S. of Ghent Long. 23 d. 8 m. Lat. 50 d. 50 m. II. Aeth At h or Aeth is not very large but Beautiful Rich and well Fortified seated upon the River Dender It was taken by the French in 1667. and confirmed to them by the Peace of Aix la Chapelle but restored to the Spaniards in 1678. by the Treaty of Nimeguen It stands on the Borders of Flanders 14 Miles almost N. W. of Mons. III. Enghien Enghien or Anguien is a small place on the Borders of Brabant and Flanders noted for its Manufactories of all sorts of Tapestries and for being the first Barony of the Provinces which gives the Title of Baron to the Princes of the House of Bourbon It stands 16 Miles N. of Mons. Two or three Miles S. of Enghien is the Village Steenkirk by the River Senne and Famous for the Battel that was fought there betwixt the Confederates Army and the French in 1692. The loss of Men was almost equal but the French carried the Day IV. Halle Halle is a small dismantled Town on the River Sennes plundered by the French in 1691. It stands 21 Miles almost N. E. of Mons. V. Braine-le-Comte Braine-le-Comte is another small inconsiderable Town nigh the Borders of Brabant between Brussels and Mons 13 Miles off the former and 14 off the latter VI. Fontain or l'Evesque Fontain or l'Evesque is also an inconsiderable Town of Hainault on the Borders of Namur 16 Miles E. of Mons. Article XI Of Cambresis Lat. Cameracensis Ager CAmbresis is bounded on the North and East with Hainault on the West with Artois Bounds and on the South with Picardy It s Extent South-East and North-West is about 30 Miles Extent and West about 16. This Country is very fruitful in all things except Wine Quality and has a Castle called Castle Cambresis where in 1559. there was concluded a Peace between Spain and France which last gave 98 considerable Places for St. Quentin Ham and Catelet The Chief Rivers here are 1. Scheld which washes Crevecoeur and Cambray Rivers and runs into Hainault 2. Selle which washes Castle or Chateau Cambresis and runs into Hainault 3. Sambre which goes through a little part of this Country and runs into Hainault The Cities or Walled Towns are but Three in number viz. Cambray Archb. Cap. Crevecoeur Chateau Cambresis Which are all under the French I. Cambray Cambray Lat. Cameracum seated upon the Scheld is great fair well Built and one of the strongest Towns of Europe with Two Cittadels in it Some Authors write that Camber King of the Sicambrians was the Founder of it Claudion King of France Conquered it in 445. and afterwards it fell to Charles the Bald in 843. and 870. after the Death of Lothaire II. and sometimes after it became the Subject of War between the Kings of France the Emperors of Germany and the Counts of Flanders Baldwin I. Count of Flanders took it and gave it to his Son Raoul The Emperors declared it a free Town but for all that the French never quitted their Claim to it In 1542. Francis I. of France consented it should be Neuter but the Emperor Charles V. took it the Year after and kept the Inhabitants in awe by a Cittadel Built at their own Expences It changed Masters some time after when the Duke of Alencon Brother to King Henry III. was made Count of Flanders in 1582. He was also Master of Cambray and left it to John Montiu Sieur of Belagny who soon after join'd himself to the League and afterwards made Peace with Henry IV. who made him Prince of Cambray and Mareschal of France in 1594. but the Spaniards surprised this Town and forced him to deliver them the Cittadel the 9th of October 1595. The Inhabitants
Title of Kingdom It stretches from Servia which it has on the W. along the Danube which parts it from Moldavia and Walachia unto the Mouths of this River in the Black Sea which bounds it on the East and on the South a long Chain of Mountains separates it from Macedonia and Romania the old Thracia Bulgaria formerly made part of Lower-Moesia Authors do vary about the Original and first Seat of its Inhabitants Inhabitants There are several who think that they came from the Asiatick Sarmatia and that they took their Name from the River Volga which discharges it self into the Sea of Hyrcania having had their Seat upon its Banks before they passed into Europe Others make them descend from the Ancient Getae or Gepids However they have often opposed the Emperors of Constantinople and made Incursions into Italy and France under the Kings of the Second Line The most remarkable places in Bulgaria are Sofia Cap. Archb. Nicopolis or Nigeboli Archb. Guistandil Panfalca Ternovo Hasgrad Silistria Prounda or Proslavisa Tomi or Trosmi Mesembria or Mesevira I. Sofia Sofia or Sophia is called by the Turks Triadizza and is an Archbishop's See it was of old called Sardicca and belonged then to the Lower Maesia It is seated upon the River Ichar at an equal distance from the Borders of Thracia E. Macedonia S. and Servia W. being now a great populous but unwalled City and the Seat of the Bassa or Governour for the Beglerbeglicz of Romelia it is supposed to have been Built by the Emperor Justinian in Honour of his Wife Sophia It is noted for one of the greatest General Councils in 307. that ever was held wherein by the Artifice of Constantius the Council of Nice was condemned Amurat II. took this City and since that time all the Country of its dependency has been subject to the Turks It stands 150 Miles S. of Targovisco and 315 W. of Constantinople Long. 47 d. 12 m. Lat. 43 d. 25 m. II. Nicopolis Nicopolis or Nigeboli which the Turks call Sciltaro is seated upon the Danube the Capital of a Sangiak with an Archbishop's See It is famous for the Victory which Bazajet I. won there In 1396. It stands 74 Miles almost N. of Sofia III. Silistria Silistria is a great City the second of Bulgary by some reckoned the Chief and the Capital of a Sangiac It stands 18 Miles S. of Nicopolis and 70 N. of Sophia Long. 47 d. 50 m. Lat. 44 d. 25 m. From Silistria to Tomi or Trosmi known in Antiquity by Ovid's Confinement are seen the remains of a Wall Built by the Emperors of Constantinople against the Barbarians Article VII Servia SErvia is a Province of the Turkish Empire which by the Romans was called Moesia Superior Bounds and then esteemed a part of Thrace It is of great Extent being bounded on the North by the Danube which separates it from Hungary and Walachia on the West by Bosnia on the South by Albania and Macedonia and on the East by Bulgaria This Country is very fruitful and rich Quality having several Mines of Gold and Silver In the Year 1350. Vbsan or Dusan Reigned and was the first King of Servia History and called himself also Emperor of Greece He Conquered Bulgaria Bosnia and several other Nations in those parts But his Family ended in Stephen in 1371. The Servians submitted to Amurath I. after the taking of Nissa but being provoked by his Cruelty revolted in 1376. and joined with the Despote of Bosnia In 1388. Lazarus Despote of Servia fought Amurath I. in the Plains of Cassovia in which Battel fell 50000 Men and Amurath was slain after the Fight as he was viewing the Field by a wounded Servian who rose from the Dead Bodies and stabb'd him to Revenge the Death of Lazarus his Master who was slain here too In 1420. Amurath Sultan of the Turks made an Invasion on George Despote of Servia called the Rascian took Nevomento Scopia and Sinderovia with two of the Despote's Sons put out their Eyes and cut off their Genitals and Married their Sister for her great Beauty In 1427. the Servians were reduced by the same Prince in 1454. they were again reduced and have since that time been subject to the Ottoman Port. The Places of Note in Servia are Belgrade Cap. Bish Semendria Bish Nissa Scopia Archb. I. Belgrade Belgrade or Grischish-Weissemburg Lat. Alba Graeca and Alba Bulgarica is seated a little below the Confluence of the Save and Danube very considerable for its greatness and for its situation upon a Hill which renders it extraordinary strong Some do take it for the old Taurinum but that was too far from the Confluent of the Save and Danube to be the same with Belgrade There is more likelihood that the latter being increased by the Ruin of the other its Neighbourhood made it to be taken for the same City Belgrade is a Bishop's See under the Archbishoprick of Antivari Amurath II. lost a Victorious Army before it in 1439. and Mahomet II. his Son lost another Army of 250000 Men before it in 1456. which the brave Huniades ruin'd by this Stratagem he suffered a Party of the Turks to enter the Town and whilst they were plundering sallied out and took their Cannon turned them against themselves killed 40000 of them and forc'd the rest to an inglorious flight leaving all their Baggage and Ammunition behind In 1521. Soliman the Magnificent took it after two Months Siege Lewis King of Hungary being then but 15 Years of Age and the other Christian Princes being ingaged in a Mutual War It was for many Years after neglected by the Turks but in 1686. they begun to refortifie it after the loss of Buda In 1688. the Emperor sent the Duke of Bavaria against it with a Potent Army he forced his way over the Save Aug. 8. and defeated 6000 of the best of the Turkish Troops on the Tenth he March'd toward Belgrade whereupon the Turks set Fire to the Lower Town and abandon'd it tho' they had 20000 Men Incamp'd and a strong Work which reach'd from the Town to the Save An old Bassa was left to Command the upper Town and Castle On the 12th the Christians begun their Approaches the Turks making a Vigorous Defence but Breaches being made the Imperialists Storm'd it thrice successively at the 6th of September and at the third Assault entred the Place putting all to the Sword at first so that there were about 7000 kill'd and thrown into the Save but the Bassa and about 3000 more obtained Quarter having Chain'd 200 Christian Slaves whom they set betwixt them and the Imperialists There were 70 Pieces of Cannon with a vast deal of Plunder tho' the Inhabitants had been removing their Effects a long tsme and a 1000 Boats went down the River the Day before the lower Town was Burnt The Christians had about 4000 killed and wounded in this Siege In 1690. the Emperor being Attack'd by the French King upon the Rhine the prime
in allusion to those of the Hellespont Their Figure is square environed with strong Walls mounted with good Cannon even with the Water All the Commodities that go out of the Gulph of Lepanto pay here a Toll which comes to about 3 per Cent. The Famous Sea-Fight of Lepanto in 1571. It was near the Gulph of Lepanto that a famous Sea-Fight was fought against the Turks Octob. 2. 1571. in which they lost above 30000 Men being the most bloody defeat they ever met with since the first establishment of their Empire Besides the slaughter the Christians took 5000 Prisoners amongst whom were the two Sons of Haly General of the Turkish Fleet. They took also 130 Galleys stranded burnt or sunk 90. and redeemed near 20000 Christian-Slaves Neither was the Booty less considerable for their Fleet pillaged all the Isles thereabouts and took many Merchant-Men This Battel was fought in the same Gulph were Augustus defeated Marck-Anthony and it is hard to say which of both was the most Glorious Victory The Christians lost 8000 Men the most considerable whereof was Barbarigo Commander of the left Wing The Christian Commander in chief in this Signal Combat was Don-John of Austria natural Brother to Philip II. King of Spain CHAP. VI. Morea MOrea is a Peninsule in vulgar English a Demi-Island bounded Bounds on the North by the Isthmus or neck of land of Corinth that joins it to Achaia and by the Gulph of Lepanto and on the other sides by the Mediterranean Sea called Mare d' Jonia on the West Mare de Sapienza or of Candia on the South and Mare Egeo on the East It lies betwixt the 34 d. 40 m. and the 37 d. 30 m. of Northern Latitude Situation and betwixt the 44 d. 50 m. and the 48 d. 30 m. of Longitude being in length about 170 Miles from Castel-Tornese Tornese to the Cape of Schili about 160 in breadth from Corinth to Cape Matapan and in circumference about 550. This Country has had several Names Name it was anciently called first Argo or Argos from one of its Principal Cities afterwards Aegialeia from Aegialus a King of the Sicyonians afterwards Apia from Apis third King of Argos Then Peloponnesus from Pelops Son of Tantalus King of the Phrygians and at last Morea Authors differ much about the derivation of this name some think that it's shape like a Mulberry-Trees Leaf Lat. Morus and in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 made the last Emperours of Constantinople call it Morea Others derive it from the Word Romea which by a transposition of Letters was changed into that of Morea It being certain that as long as Constantinople was subject to the Roman Emperors that City was called New Rome and those of that Country Romeans as much to say Romans Doglioni is of another opinion and thinks the Moors gave their name to this Peninsula when they made Incursions into it There is no Country in Europe that can be parallell'd to this Peninsula Quality It s Air is clear wholesome and temperate It Soil Fertile and abounding with Corn Wine Olives and all manner of Fruits the most exquisite in the World and its Mountains full of Game and Medicinal Plants The Inhabitants Inhabitants are accounted Witty and Couragious There are in this Peninsula several famous Mountains Mountains viz. Foloe now Dimizana Cyllene Liceus Parthenius Meralus Sepia Cronia now Grevenos Mintia or Mente now Olonos Neris Nonacris Taigetus now Orta Of all these Mountains Cyllene is accounted the highest and Taigetus the most considerable as being full of Deer Bears Wild-Boars c. All these Mountains have been celebrated by the ancient Greek and Latin Poets The Principal Rivers Rivers in this beautiful Country are 1. The River Carbon formerly called Orsea Alpheus or Alpehius and Strimphalus or Nyctymus Fluvius so much famed for its Virtue of taking away the spots and blemishes of the Skin which besides 140 Torrents or Brooks receives the Rivers Celadon Erimanthus and Amarinthe The Poets feigned that it ran under the Sea into Sicily to be joined with the Waters of the Spring Arethusa because it goes often under the Ground and comes out always with more strength 2. Vasili Potamos formerly Eurotas Iris Hemerus and Marthaton which rises at the same place where the River Carbon has its Source and washing Misitra discharges it self in the Gulf of Colchine 3. Planizza formerly Inachus Haliaemon and Cravamor 4. Spirnazza formerly Stomius Pomylus and Panysus discharges it self into the Gulf of Coron near Calamata There are also the Rivers Linceus Astoria or Stella and Erasin which run with rapidity all along the Mount Stymphalus As also the Styx that flows at the foot of Mount Nonacris and which the Poets have feign'd to be a River of Hell because its Water tho' clear and agreeable to the sight is most fatal to those that drink it Peloponnesus after several Revolutions fell into the Hands of Emanuel a Greek Emperor about 1150. who at his Death having divided his Empire among his Seven Sons was thereby the Cause of its Ruin These Princes were called Despotes that is Lords or Governours they depended upon the Emperor both as to their Government and Election otherwise they were absolute and their Dignity almost Hereditary for it seldom hapned that the Emperor chused any Successor to the late Despote but his Son Brother or near Relation Constantine sirnamed Dragares Brother of Theodorus II. was Despote when Amurat made an Irruption into Morea The Greek Emperor stopt his fury by the Promise of a yearly Tribute Some time after Constantine being Crowned Emperor at Constantinople divided Morea between his two Brothers Demetrius and Thomas The Turks under Mahomet II. under the pretence of assisting Demetrius against Thomas took occasion of their Divisions to Invade their Estates and the Places the Venetians possessed in Morea which they accomplished without much Resistance after the Death of General Bertoldo d'Este whom the Republick had sent with a good Army to oppose them Since that the Turks kept here a Governour with the Title of Sangiac or Morabegi that is Lord of Morea under the Beglerbey of Greece This Sangiac made his ordinary Residence at Modon Morea is now under the Venetians since 1687. General Morosini having Reconquered the best Places in it viz. Patras Lepanto Castel-Tornese Corinth Misitra Napoli di Romania c. as you shall see in the particular Articles of each of those Towns he caused all the Churches that were Mosques before to be reconsecrated so that many Greek Families have left Achaia to settle in Morea and more than 12000 Inhabitants have resorted thither This Peninsule has at different times been variously divided Division In Pausanias's time it had but three Regions viz. 1. That of the Arcadians 2. That of the Achaians and 3. Lastly That of the Dorians After this Ptolomy and others divided it into Eight Parts viz. 1. Achaia Proper 2. Arcadia 3. Argia
made himself Master of Bonn Keiserswert c. which were retaken in 1689. by the Brandenburghers and restored to the right owner This contest about the Election of the Archbishop of Cologne is the more remarkable that it was the first sparkle that kindled the War which has raged these 5 years through most part of Christendom Cologne stands 25 Miles E. of Juliers 68 almost N. of Triers 70 S. of Munster and 74 N. W. of Mentz Long. 26 d. 32 m. Lat. 50 d. 55 m. II. Bonn. Bonn is situate upon the Rhine 14 Miles almost South of Cologne in a very fine Country environed with Hills and covered with Vines and Wood. Several Authors think that it was built by the Trojans after the destruction of Troy However it is certainly the Ara Vbiorum of the Ancients and the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Ptolomy It s name was also found in some Medals of Augustus related by Goltzius under the name of Colony Col. Julia Bona. It is a regular Fortification the Walls are faced with Brick and the Ditch which is dry is pretty broad but the Counterscarp is none of the best As for the Town it self it is small and poor yet remarkable as being the ordinary Residence of the Elector of Cologne who has there a very fine Castle and curious Gardens in the Neighbourhood The Town-House is also very well built with divers Paintings and a Clock with a melodious Chime after the fashion of the Country There are still fine Churches to be seen the principal of which is dedicated to the Holy Martyrs Cassius Florentius and Malusius This Town suffered much in the first Wars of the Low-Countries and was fiercely attackt partly by the Bavarians and partly by the Troops of the Duke of Parma who carried it at last by Famine in 1588. In this City Frederick of Austria chosen in opposition to Lewis of Bavaria was Crowned Emperor in 1314. It was in times past an Imperial City but now it is under the Archbishop of Cologne In 1673. the Prince of Orange now King of Great Brittain having taken Naerden and secured Holland by a part of the Army he marched with the rest into Germany and joined part of the Confederate Troops to Besiege Bonn which had been put into the French Kings hands by the Elector of Cologne and the taking this Place forced the French to withdraw his Forces out of the united Netherlands The French made themselves Masters of it again in the beginning of this late War Lewis XIV having given Troops to Cardinal Furstemburg to maintain his pretended Right to the Electorate It was besieged in Summer 1689. by the Elector of Brandenburg who after having almost ruined it with Bombs took it by Capitulation At the last Siege of this Town they found a Vault in which there was an Iron Chest that was full of Medals of Gold to the value of 100000 Crowns the Metal was Ducat-Gold and the Impressions made for Roman but very ignorantly as being not above four or 500 years old some few of them that seem'd true were of the latter Greek Emperors III. Rhineberg Rhineberg or Rheinberg Lat. Rhenoberga is a little but very strong Town situated upon the Rhine in the Borders of the Dukedom of Cleves It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1633. and continued under them till 1672. when it was taken by the French and restored to the Elector of Cologne the Right Owner It stands 42 Miles N. W. of Cologne IV. Keiserswert Keiserswert Lat. Colonia Traja Cayserswerda and Insula Rheni is a very mean but well fortified Town upon the Rhine It has a broad Ditch very regular Fortifications and high Walls faced with Brick as is also the Counterscarp which is in very good condition This Town was first Mortgaged to Adolph Duke of Cleves by Charles IV. Emperor of Germany Gerard Duke of Cleves Brother of Adolph sold it to the Archbishop of Cologne for 100000. Florins about An. 1399. and in 1464. it was finally with Bielstem and Frederberg confirmed to him in exchange for Soest and Santen by John Duke of Cleves The French had possest themselves of it for Cardinal Furstemberg but the Elector of Brandenburg retook it in 1689. It stands six German Miles beneath Cologne to the N. W. V. Nuis Nuis or Nuys Lat. Novesium is seated on the Rhine where it receives the River Erpt. It is an ancient strong City and famous for the resistance it made against Charles the Rash Duke of Burgundy who besieged it a whole year It has been often taken and retaken during the late Wars of Germany It stands 22 Miles N. W. of Cologne VI. Andernach Andernach stands on the Rhine by the Borders of Triers 15 Miles almost S. E. of Bonn it was once Imperial but now subject to the Elector of Cologne Article VII The Dukedoms or the Succession of Cleves and Juliers Lat. Ducatus Clivensis Juliacensis THE Country of Cleves Juliers Berg Mark Bounds Ravensberg and Ravestein are about the Rhine but so strangely dispersed that it is hard to determine their Bounds One may say however that they border the Vnited Provinces on the North the Catholick Provinces on the West the Archbishoprick of Triers on the South and Hesse and Westphalia on the East Their extent North and South is about 100 Miles Extent and about 70 East and West including the Electorate of Cologne which is incircled in them Quality The Air is here pretty cold The Soil fertile in Corn Wine in some Places and Pastures The Principal Rivers Rivers here besides the Rhine are Roer and Lipe which fall both into that the first at Duysburg the other at Wesel There are also several springs of Hot Waters and some Marishes The succession of Cleves and Juliers is divided into six Territories Division viz. 1. The Dukedom of Cleves Cleves 2. The Dukedom of Juliers Juliers 3. The Dukedom of Berg Dusseldorp 4. The County of Mark Dortmond 5. The County of Ravensberg Ravensberg 6. The Lordship of Ravestein Ravestein Dukedom of Cleves THE Dutchy of Cleves lies part on this and part on the other side the Rhine having the Dutchy of Berg County of Mark and part of Westphalia to the East Brabant and part of the Dutchy of Gelderland to the West The Archbishoprick of Cologne and Territory of Aix la Chapelle to the South Overissel and the Provinces of Zutphen to the North. This Country is about 15 Leagues in length and four or five broad The soil tho' hilly Extent Quality and much covered with Wood is very fruitful in all kind of Grain and abounds with good Pasture and great Quantity of Game Cleves is a sovereign Family of Germany extinct by the Death of John William Duke of Cleves History Juliers Mons c. in 1609. without issue by either of his Wives Jacqueline of Bade Daughter of Philibert Marquiss of Bade or Antoinette of Lorrain Daughter to Charles II. Duke
of Lorrain This Death was the source of the Civil Wars of Germany in this manner Mary Eleanor the Dukes Eldest Sister Married to Albert Frederick of Brandenburg Duke of Prussia left four Daughters The Elder called Ann was Married to John Sigismond Marquiss of Brandenburg and Elector of the Empire This Elector the Duke of Newbourg the Marquiss of Burgaw and John George of Saxony which three last Married the three younger Sisters pretended all to the Succession John II. of Bavaria Duke of Deux-Ponts Son of John of Bavaria and of Magdalen of Cleves Sister to Mary Eleanor laid his claim and Charles of Gonzague and Cleves Duke of Nevers appeared also because he was cousin by the Mothers side and bore the name too In the mean time the Emperor Rodolphus II. would sequester the Estate pretending also that it was a Fief with an intention perhaps to appropriate it to himself It 's thought that Henry IV. the Great King of France was about taking the Field to decide the Quarrel when he was murthered in 1610. Afterwards the Marquiss of Brandenburg assisted by the Dutch and the Duke of Newburg supported by the Spaniards disputed the Succession by force of Arms which they divided at last The Dutchy of Cleves the Counties of Mark and Ravensberg falling to the first The Dukedoms of Juliers and Berg and the Lordship of Ravestein being left to the Duke of Newbourg The Spaniards under Spinola made themselves Masters of Juliers in 1622. but it was restored to the Duke again in 1659. The Places of Note in the Dutchy of Cleves are Cleves Cap. Emmerick Rees Wesel Meurs County Genep Burich Orsoy Calcar Duysbourg Santen Fort de Skenck I. Cleves Cleves Lat. Clivis or Clivia because it is built in a Place near the Rhine where there are three deep Acclivities or Descents This derivation of Name from the Latin makes some think that the Town was built by the Romans However it is but little yet well peopled and lies upon a little River near the Place where the Rhine divides it self into two Branches and where the Fort Schenck stands There is a square Tower and other remains of old Buildings seen near it which shew that it has formerly been far greater than it is now It stands 12 Miles almost S. E. of Nimeguen and 66 N. W. of Cologne Long. 25 d. 25 m. Lat. 51 d. 48 m.. II. Emmerik Emmerik vulgo Embric Lat. Emmerica is a large beautiful and wealthy City seated upon the Rhine between Cleves and the Fort of Schenck being about seven Miles N. E. from the first it belongs to the Marquiss of Brandenburg but was Garrisoned by the Hollanders a long time who took it from the Spaniards in 1600. The Elector of Brandenburg pawned Emmerick Orsoy and Wesel to the Dutch and by the taking of them the French began their Conquest of the Vnited Provinces in 1672. But the year next following they restored them to the Elector III. Rees Rees Lat. Reesium is a small Town upon the Rhine formerly well fortified and garrisoned by the Hollanders tho' it belong'd to the Duke of Brandenburg It was taken from them by the French in 1672. and restored to that Prince in 1674. but first dismantled It stands 12 Miles E. of Cleves IV. Wesel Wesel is a strong City seated upon the Rhine at the Confluence of the Lippe It was taken from the Spaniards by the Hollanders in 1629. and from the Hollanders by the French in 1672. who left it to the Elector of Brandenburg in 1674. after they had dismantled it It has been very well fortified of late by that Prince This Place stands 23 Miles S. E. of Cleves V. Meurs Meurs is a well fortified Town with the Title of County some place it in the Archbishoprick of Cologne It had particular Earls formerly but now belongs to the House of Orange and Nassau and so to our King It stands 28 Miles S. E. of Cleves VI. Genep Genep or Gennep Lat. Gennaptum is a small City well fortified 10 Miles S. W. of Cleves It is seated upon the River Mers where it falls into the Meuse and kept by a Dutch Garrison tho' in the Territories of Brandenburg It was once taken by the Spaniards but recovered by the Hollanders in 1641. VII Burich Burich or Budrick Lat. Burichum and Budrichium or Burunchium is a little Town pleasantly seated on the Rhine and pretty well fortified The Hollanders were formerly Masters of it and it is one of the Four Cities which the French King caused to be attack'd at one and the same time at the opening of the Campaign in 1672. The Marshal Turenne Besieged and carried it It stands 20 Miles E. of Cleves VIII Orsoy Orsoy Lat. Orsovium or Orsocum is a strong Town upon the Rhine _____ Miles of Cleves It was taken by the Prince of Orange in 1634. for the Hollanders and afterwards taken from those by the French in 1672. but abandon'd by them in 1674. IX Calcar Calcar is situated upon the River of Meine a League from the Rhine and two from Cleves to the S. E. It has a Castle and is well fortified the Streets are narrow so that there is nothing considerable but the great Place where the Town-House is X. Duisbourg Duisbourg Lat. Duisburgum is seated on the River Roer belonging to the Elector of Brandenburg it was an Imperial Town formerly but has lost this Privilege It is different from Duisbourg the most Ancient Viscounty of Brabant And stands 35 Miles S. E. of Cleves XI Santen Santen is a large and ancient Town not far off the Rhine Nine Miles W. of Wesel and 15 S. E. of Cleves It is under the Elector of Brandenburg and noted for the finest Church in all that Dutchy wherein are above 30 Altars with the History of the Gospel Carved exquisitely in Timber they have abundance of Relicks here and among other things pretend to a Manuscript of St. Paul's Writing XII Fort de Skenck Fort de Skenck Lat. Arx Skenckia Germ. Schenkenschans is a strong Fort on the Borders of Gelderland in a place where the Rhine dividing it self into two Channels makes the River Wahal and the other Branch keeps the Name of Rhine This Fort takes its Name from the Builder Martin Skenck The Spaniards took it by Surprize from the Hollanders in 1635. who retook it the next Year after a Siege of Eleven Months In 1672. it was taken by the French in two Days and was by them restored to the Duke of Brandenburg in 1674. and in 1679. Mortgaged by that Prince to the Hollanders who are now Masters of it It stands 3 Miles N. of Cleves Dukedom of Juliers THis Dutchy lyes betwixt the Meuse and the Rhine the Country of Cleves and Limburg Bounds the Bishoprick of Liege and the Archbishoprick of Cologne It is about 12 Leagues in length and 7 in breadth Extent The most considerable Places in it are Juliers Cap. Duren Aix la Chapelle Imp. Zulk or