to the true figure of his face and the exact proportion of his limbs but also the bulk crassitude and dimensions of every member In such a manner doth the Gospel expresse the Lord Jesus to his beloved Church even like a picture drawn to the life like an 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or looking glasse like an Image perfectly suited and symmetrically correspondent to its lively prototype Insomuch that when the day break of the Gospel began to appear then did the ancient Jewish (i) Cant. 2.17 4 6. shadows flee away as the Spouse doth joyfully expresse it at the approach of her endeared Lord and Saviour While the Church of God was confined to families she walked in the light of the seven Starrs only I mean the 7 precepts commonly so called of Noah and now and then enjoyed some created Starrs of revealed promises concerning the Messiah But when increased to the dimensions of a Nation she was a little more illuminated with the Jewish Moons At length the glorious light of heaven the Lord our righteousnesse did arise with healing under his wings and shined over the walls of Bethlehem irradiating the people of Jewry who before sate in (a) Luke 1.79 Mat. 4.16 darknesse and the Gentiles a farre off that walked in the shadow of death Who now do with open face behold as in a (b) 2 Cor. 3.18 glasse the glory of the Lord and are become the (c) 2 Cor. 3.3 Epistle of Christ written 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or depicted by the spirit of the living God in the fleshy Tables of the heart Nay in a word they do bear or set forth in open view the very (d) 1 Cor. 15.49 image of the heavenly Adam The period of all the ancient Ceremonies being fixed by our Lord upon the Crosse when he said (e) joh 19.30 IT IS FINISHED They were intombed in his grave and the seal of the best (f) Act. 15.24 council that ever was impressed upon the stone which was laid on the mouth of the Sepulchre and afterwards confirmed by the (g) Tertullian Contr. Indaeos Tom. 1. Origen Cont. Cels Cantabr p. 261. Cyprian Contra Indaeos ad Quirin p. 29. Edit Bas 1530 c. ancient Fathers and all the Christian worthies of the Church in their several generations By these and many other testimonies the grounds of our former assertion may be evidently perceived viz. That Gospel truths were of old typified by the Jewish Ceremonies Concerning the divine meaning whereof I shall endeavour to inquire with all sobriety according to these succeeding Rules or Canons which contain the second thing proposed for our discourse by way of introduction to the main design The hints of some things therein contained I do thankfully acknowledge as insinuated by the learned Placeus in the fore-touched place The first rule then for the finding out the nature of Types or for the Examination of such as are generally supposed to be so is this That when Scripture it self doth expresly pronounce and consequently determine such a person or thing under the old Law to be a Type signe or shadow of some Gospel-truth Then are we safe and free from error and may proceed with comfort in our way towards the Temple having the unâ—rring conduct of the holy Spirit Secondly when any person or matter in the old Testament is accommodated to some spiritual subject in way of strong allusion by the pen-men of the new Testament then may we safely conclude especially if the allusion be frequent that there was something Typically designed in that thing by the spirit of God in the old Testament although the Scripture do not in so many terms or words set down that this of the Gospel is the antitype of the other in the Law Thirdly when there can be none or small satisfaction given in point of reason for the exhibition of or the narration had concerning such or such a piece under the old Testament but what may be more clearly evinced and deduced from the Mystical signification of its Typical nature in Relation to an Evangelical object which being once hinted the understanding of a sober inquirer begins to have bright satisfactory apprehensions concerning the intendment of such a relation and the truth laid up in it Then may such a thing strengthened with such good probability I hope without any necessity of a censure be construed under the nature and notion of a Type Fourthly when there proves some admirable Analogy or Proportion either Moral Historical Physical or Theological interceding betwixt two things deeply suspected by the generality of the Learned and Holy all along since the time of Christ to have a mutual relation of Typical concernment between them one whereof is mentioned in the old the other in the new Testament with some light glance toward that in the old I hope we may then also so it be with due moderation not fearing rigid asterisms in the margin give to such an ancient person or thing the name of a Type especially since grave and sober men in several ages have cast in their concurrent testimony into that interpretation Fifthly When there is some excellent attribute ascribed to a person or matter under the old Law which according to the meer history or bare letter of its relation cannot either natively or tropically find any clear conveniency or agreement with it but yet will most properly and pertinenly becoincident with some spiritual person or truth in the new Testament Psal 89.4 36. when it is explained and opened as for example The Throne of Solomon is promised to be eternal which did neither agree with Solomon personally nor his posterity they being cast out of the Royal seat above 2000 years ago So that it cannot be applied to Solomon but Typically as being a peaceable King for a great while but to Jesus Christ onely really of whose (a) Dan. 3.44 kingdome there shall be no end In this case there will be no need to write Type over the head of such a thing the matter is obvious and clear enough that we may without hesitation insert it among the rest of its kindred Sixthly and Lastly When the holy Sctipture doth plainly nominate some noble or sacred person of old or some grand material of the Tabernacle or Temple as Typically significant of divine persons or things under the new Testament we may then proceed to inquire into the particular actions of such persons especially such as were of publick concernment or into the various parcels and pieces inscriptions ornaments or other appendixes of such grand material whether or no there may not be found in them some consanguinity with the more large and sumptuous utensill and whether according to its degree and quality it may not bear an harmonious part in the consort of Typical musick or whether the blood-Royal of a Type may not runne in the Capillary veins of lesser implements as flowing out of the vena cava of the
Iliud α. ver 482. φ 326. c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 by way of contraries a usual figure as bellum q. minimè bellum lucus q. minimè lucens Because Tarsus was a rich Countrey and this precious stone is of great value Others from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the exploration or trial of Marble Upon what grounds either are founded I leave to the Grammarian But seeing in Scripture this word is sometimes put for the Sea Psalm 48.7 and Isa 2.16 (a) Gregor Lex Sanct. p. 270. therefore learned Authors do conceive that the precious stone of the same name is so called from its sea-green colour such as the Beryll is resembling a colour mixt of blew and green If it have any golden Rayes in it it is called a Chryso-beryll which some do refer to the Chrysoprase But this is a general Note that different stones of several colours if they have any streakes or spots resembling Gold are by some Authors presently call'd Chrysolites But of that stone which bears the name of the Chrysolite Boet. l. 2. c. 65. p. 210. I made mention before in the Discourse about the Topaz Hereby we may see the reason why so many have read the Hebr. Tarshish in this place by the Chrysolite and that the Chrysolite properly so called is not the Beryl is evident in that these two are distinctly reckoned in the Revelations Rev. 21.20 All Beryls are transparent but of a dilute or waterish colour but if they be deep tinctured they are taken for other gemmes As for the origination of the word Beryl (c) Isodorus l. 16. c. 27. Isidore of Sevil hath noted it to be from the Indian-tongue and our word pearl is thought to be thence deduced of which those that are skilful may give an account whilest we considering its colour and name in relation to the sea may very aptly referre it to the 10th Son of Jacob whose name Zebulun was engraven thereon Which agrees with the Marine habitation of this Tribe according to the Prophecy of Jacob. (d) Gen. 49.13 Zebulun shall dwell at the haven of the Sea and he shall be for an haven of ships and his border shall be unto Zidon To which purpose Moses tunes his dying song when joyning him with Issachar in the Book of Deuternomy Accordingly in the partition of the Land of Canaan we have recited the Towns of his Province bordering upon the Mediterranean and the Galilean Seas the former on the West and the other on the East This Tribe and tract was famous for the birth of Jonah the Prophet who was born at (a) 2 King 14.25 Gathhepher or (b) Josh 19.13 Mat. 12.41 Gittah-Hepher in the Land of Zebulun He that fled from the Tarshish of Canaan the presence of God to the Tarshish of the Gentiles But behold c a greater then Jonah is here who was conceived here often crossed this Sea of Galilee and taught in these parts The Beryll of his doctrine shone most gloriously in the (d) Esay 9.1 2. Math. 4.13 15. the borders of Zebulun and Napthali by the way of the Sea The people that sate in darknesse saw great light and to them which sate in the Region and shadow of Death light is sprung up To conclude As Zebulun was a great Traveller and Merchant by Sea so had he often occasions of sending orders and accounts in writing and therefore he is recited to be good at the Pen. (e) Judg. 5.14 Those that handle the pen of the writer came out of Zebulun to the War against Siserah 11. The 11th Stone in order is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Onyx whereof before On this was graven the name of Joseph Which exprest as (f) Dr. Prideaux one speaks his humanity Sure we are he was the kindest Brother that ever we reade of and therefore the two Stones of the shoulder had all the names of the Children of Israel in them to shew as was noted before that kindness love and compassion which Joseph manifested to his Brethren in providing a habitation and nourishing them in the Land of Egypt This is a stone of great variety and moderately transparent Oh how (g) Gen. 49.22 Deut. 33.13 manifold are the blessings of Joseph He had (h) Deut. 21.17 two portions in the Land of Canaan which was the right of the first-born For good Jacob adopted (i) Gen. 48.5 his two sons for his own and made them to bear equal share in all the priviledges of his immediate sons and that Joseph might not lose the blessing of the (k) Gen. 49.24 Stone of Israel we have Joseph himself in one Stone among the 12 tribes on the Breast-plate and two Onyxes on the two shoulders of the High-Priest for Ephraim and Manasseh whom the Holy Patriarch brought into a relation of immediate filiation to him The twelfth and last is called in the Hebrew 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Jashpheh Wherein all consent for the Jasper A stone well known whereof some are of various colours spots rings and streaks some are very dark and opacous those are the worst some are clearer but none fully transparent It s difference from the Agate I mentioned before The word some do derive from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be eminent Buxtorf and according to the Chaldee signification to break in pieces how appositely Rev. 4.3 let others judge We read in the Revelations that he who sate upon a visionary Throne was to look upon like Jasper signifying the admirable stupendious and various excellencies of the divine attributes and as this stone is not transparent so neither is it possible for any mortal eye to dive into the bottome of those unspeakable Mysteries The Learned Paraeus conceivs that the person sitting on the throne was †Paraeus in Rev. 4.3 p. 662. b. edit Francof 1647. Col. 3.1 Jesus Christ God blessed for ever into whose hands the Father hath cowmitted all judgment Then doth it properly fit Benjamin whose name was engraven on the Jasper in Exodus The Lord Jesus being the true Benjamin of the Father the Son of his right hand who sitteth * on the right hand of God In the 21 of the Revelations the Jasper of Benjamin is named first well suiting with our spirituall Benjamin who is the head of the body the Church who is the beginning the first-born from the dead Col. 1.18 that in all things he might have the preheminence Accordingly in the portion of the Tribe of Benjamin stood the glorious Temple at Jerusalem the Type and Figure of Christ according to the Prophecy of Moses The beloved of the Lord shall dwell in safety by him Deut. 33.12 and the Lord shall cover him all the day long and he shall dwell between his shoulders His ravening like a Wolf noted say some the Altar's devouring consuming multitudes of Sacrifices Paul the chief and first of the Apostles was of Benjamin the Jasper first mentioned in
12.10 Luk. 20.17 Act. 4.11 1 Pet. 2.7 This excellent foundation-stone thus laid in Zion the holy mountain by the hands of God himself hath also many rare and choise Epithets annexed to it in the sacred writings Whereof it will not be I hope amisse to discourse awhile referring to those various places wherein they are dispersed 1. He is called an elect or chosen-stone disallowed indeed of men but (f) 1 Pet. 2.4 1. â— chosen of God saies holy Peter who good soul would blush had he bin alive in after-daies no less then the picture of Paul as I remember at Rome In which the ingenious Painter being taxed for making his face too ruddy replied in his defence that it was for shame of some things done in the Roman Church Blessed Peter disowns himself and looks upon Christ only as this chosen stone carved by God himself out of the Quarry of mankind and receiving a (a) Heb. 10.5 body prepared by the Father for the service of this spiritual building He is styled therefore (b) Isa 42.1 the Elect of God in whom his soul delighted being instituted for this very work by the eternal purpose and designation of his heavenly Father Who (c) Gal. 4.4 in the fulnesse of time appeared in humane flesh that is at the period and compleatment of those daies which God had pitcht upon from all eternity and had revealed and foretold (d) Luke 1.70 by the mouth of his holy Prophets ever since the World began After which gracious manifestation of the Son of God in flesh he was hewn and polished by his sufferings and torturing-death upon the Crosse that he might be fit for the use of the wise Master-builder as a foundation stone to support the new and glorious building of his Gospel-Temple 2. ¶ 2. He is called a precious stone by a Metaphor taken from gemms and stones of great value Ten thousand times more precious then that natural diamond-rock on which (e) Tintaegel in Cornwall an antient Castle of our Nation once stood now groaning under its deplorable ruines Whereas this rock of ages shall never behold corruption More precious indeed as being of a supernatural essence and cut out (f) Dan. 2.45 of the mountain of eternity without hands in respect to his Divine nature which is free from the least shadow of a flaw or any tincture of blemish shining most oriently with all the sparklings of divine perfections Precious is this stone upon the account of its admirable qualities and most efficacious virtues Infinitely beyond the force and power of the famous Haematites for stopping the bloody flux of our souls Which would have bled to death through the gashes received in Paradise had not (g) Luke 6.19 virtue issued from Christ for its restraint Beyond the fiery Carbuncle in resisting the flames of his Fathers wrath that are ready to suck up the vital spirits of wretched sinners who dare presume to draw nigh to this (h) Heb. 12.29 consuming fire without Christ or converse with such (i) Isa 33.14 everlasting burnings Beyond the attractive vertue of the Magnetical stone in the (k) Joh. 12.32 drawing of souls after him and alluring them into union and communion with himself Nay more precious then the impenetrable Adamant whereof some Antients report such a quality to be inherent in it that those who carry it about them shall prove Valiant in fight and unconquerable in their enterprizes Seeing we are made more then Conquerours (l) Rom. 8.37 through him that loved us by whose meanes it is that we [m] 1 Cor. 15.57 receive the victory when fighting under the banner of this heavenly Achilles Who being himself anointed with a more precious unction (n) Nat. Mythol p. 817. then his of Ambrosia from above is in every part invulnerable except his heel which for a while is bruised in his poor members militant upon the Earth till all his enemies be subdued under his feet in the behalf of his dear Church Besides he is a most precious stone by reason of his incomparable rarity there being but one of this nature found in the whole World Who would not turn a spiritual Merchant and selling all that he hath endeavour to (o) Mat. 13.46 purchase this inestimable treasure This is that stone saies holy Peter on which onely our salvation resteth (p) Act. 4.12 There being no other name under heaven given among men whereby we must be saved than that new name engraven on this (q) Rev. 2.17 white-stone (r) Jer. 23.6 the Lord our righteousnesse The Lord Christ is the onely Sun which by his bright and fulgent raies dispels the darknesse of the Chambers of death and of the bottomlesse pit He is the onely Phoenix out of whose perfumed ashes doth arise the curiously plumed progeny of the Church whose wings are (s) Psal 68.13 covered with silver and her feathers with yellow gold This is the only Stone the Rock of Ages [t] 1 Pet. 2.7 so precious to them that believe on which alone our feet can be steddily fixed (a) Psal 40.2 that our goings may be established 3. He is termed a * Isa 28.16 tried stone Jesus of Nazareth ¶ 3. as the blessed Apostle Peter affirmes a man †Act. 2.22 approved of God by miracles signs and wonders Who when tried by the divine Majesty in the fire of his wrath to melt away the drosse of imputed sin did nec dissilire nec dissolvere neither fly in pieces for want of radical Oyl nor melt under that terrible calcination for want of tenacity and consistence Though all the sins of the elect were put into the crusiple of his humane nature yet he came out of the furnace inviolable and was therefore Crowned with the diademe of a glorious triumph Although he were so (b) Isa 53.5 sorely wounded for our transgressions and bruised for our iniquities by the hammer of the Law and pierced by the sword which was used by the right hand of him (c) Zech. 13.7 who was his fellow yet this Royal stone did neither shrink out of his fixed place in the Corner nor sink under the weight of divine anger The Prince of this World made towards him with the infernal three-tined fork of (d) Mat. 4 3 6 9. tentations to try the strength of this Corner-stone but (e) Joh. 14.30 found nothing degenerous in him or in the least wise malleable by all his Art and fury That great Goliath of Hell came marching up against him in his coat of maile his helmet of brasse and a weavers beam in his hand But was so dismaâ—ly smitten in the forehead of his bold designes by the mighty force of this †Cypr. p. 277. stone taken out of the (f) Psal 110.7 brook of Kidron that he fell down on his face to the Earth which afterwards proved like a sharp and fatal (g) Exod. 4.24
sacrifice for sin hast thou not required but a Body hast thou prepared me Implying that all the legal Offerings were in themselves of no validity only so far as the Offerer did look through them with an eye of Faith upon the Lord our Saviour who bore our sins in his own Body upon the Tree The chief and principal scope of all those ancient Services was to bring near to the view of their Faith the apprehension of Christs meritorious sufferings for penitent sinners Now as there were various creatures offered so each of them held forth some excellent quality in our Lord. The Heifer a laborious creature might signifie his labour and constancy in the great work which he undertook for mankind and because used for the tillage of the ground with (e) Diod. Sic. Ed. H. Steph. p. 73. incessant and industrious pains it was consecrated by the Heathens to Osiris the Inventor of Fruits and Corn. He was most exceeding laborious and painful in the sowing the seed of the Gospel of the Kingdom The Lamb noted his meeknesse (f) 1 Pet. 2.23 There being no guile found in his mouth who when reviled reviled not again but committed himself to him who judgeth righteously As a Lamb he opened not his mouth (a) Isa 53.7 but was dumb before the shearer He was the Lamb slain (b) Rev. 13.8 from the foundation of the world not only in respect of the Eternal decree of God and the vertue of his death reaching even to the beginning of the world but in respect also of those Typical Shadows wherein among the rest there were Lambs offered up to God For so we read of Abel that in the beginning of the world he offered of the (c) Gen. 4.4 firstlings of the flock and of the fat thereof The Goat or Kid a lively and vivacious creature might hold out to us the alacrity and cheerfulnesse of his Spirit in that great and admirable kindnesse of his to dye for sinners The Dove his Chastity Innocency Purity Wherefore our Lord bids his Disciples to be innocent or (d) Mat. 10.16 harmlesse as Doves Nay the eyes of Christ are compared to the (e) Cant. 5.12 eyes of Doves The Turtle a mourning lonely meditating creature to shew him (f) Isa 53.3 a man of sorrows and acquainted with griefs who (g) Luke 19.41 wept over the Daughters of Jerusalem and was grieved for their hardnesse of heart These Creatures though so often and in such multitudes offered up to God (h) Mar. 3.5 were not of themselves in the least measure available to the expiation of sin what commensuration can there be stated betwixt the demerit of the sins of rational beings and the offering up of poor brute Creatures wherefore some of the wiser Heathens whether they received it by tradition from some of the Families of the faithful who as Esau Moab and Ammon Ishmael c. swerved from the true Worship or whether some of them as Socrates Plato c. in their travels into Judaea and Egypt had it by converse with the true Priests of the most high God or gathering it from the remaining glimmerings of natural light by speculation and contemplation I shall not discusse have declared to the World that no sacrifice could expiate for the sin of man but man himself For so Caesar treating of the ancient Gauls affirms that they used the service of the Druides to offer up men in sacrifice (i) Caesar Comment de bell Gall. l. 6. Quod pro vitâ hominis nisi vita hominis reddatur non posse aliter Deorum immortalium numen placari arbitrantur Supposing unless the life of man were sacrificed for his life that the Deity of the immortal Gods could not otherwise be appeased But as touching those horrid heathenish rites in the sacrificing of men I shall speak no more referring that discourse to Diodorus Sicul. in his 5th Book and 32 Section to Strabo lib. 4. p. 198. To Pliny lib. 30. cap. 1. Porphyr de Abstinent p. 224. And Homer who (a) Homer Il. ψ v. 175. mentions Achilles his slaughtering of twelve Trojan youths at the Funeral of Patroclus and others (b) Zepper de leg mos p. 265. who make mention of several fearful and prodigious actions of the Heathens in these matters Alas poor Creatures so miserably tyrannized over by the Devil through his Serpentine perswasions when he appeared to them and spake through the mouths of their Idols they were put upon the perpetration of such direful murthers nay even sometimes of their own Children which Gods Majesty did so highly abominate and detest as the way of the Heathen whom the Land of Canaan had spewed out There is but one sacrifice of a man which can be acceptable and pleasing to God even the Man Christ Jesus who being delivered by the determinate Counsel and foreknowledge of God Act. 2.23 Act. 7.52 Psal 40.7 Phil. 2.8 the Jews did take and by wicked hands have crucified and slain That just one of whom they were the betrayers and murderers whom it behoved to come according as it was written of him in the Volume of the Fathers Book to do the will of God being obedient thereunto even to the death of the Crosse Of which glorious Sacrifice the Heathens in those their tremendous rites forementioned might seem to have had some dark and obscure conception though most horribly corrupted by the subtle and most hellish insinuations of Satan To which purpose very memorable is that discourse of Acinous with his Phaeacians in Homer assuring them that the Gods did meditate some such admirable thing as the sending down one of their Company from Heaven and gives this in as a reason of his apprehension Odys 11. v. 201. c. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 For the Gods saith he do alwayes before hand manifestly appear to us when we sacrifice splendid Hecatombes moreover they do feast with us sitting by us Plutarch also in a Book concerning Homer ascribed by some to him sayes that the Gods do not onely confer together about men but descend also upon the Earth and converse with them which assertion he manifests to have bin the opinion of Homer whom he there greatly magnifies for his knowledge in all divine and humane speculations by producing some passages out of his Poems to confirm it But to return to the work in hand I shall conclude this Discourse with that saying of the great Bishop of Hippo Austin Contr. Faust Manicc l. 20. cap. 21. Col. 376. Edit Bas 1569. Tom. 6. Hoc interest inter Sacrificia Paganorum Hebraeorum quantum inter imitationem errantem praefigurationem praenunciantem There is as great a difference between the Sacrifices of the Pagans and the Hebrews as there is betwixt an erroneous imitation and a typifying prefiguration But blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus that we are now guided