Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	cure_n	promise_v	scurvy_a	56	3	16.8190	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A66951	The surgeons mate or Military & domestique surgery Discouering faithfully & plainly ye method and order of ye surgeons chest, ye uses of the instruments, the vertues and operations of ye medicines, with ye exact cures of wounds made by gunshott, and otherwise as namely: wounds, apos fumes, ulcers, fistula's, fractures, dislocations, with ye most easie & safest wayes of amputation or dismembring. The cures of the scuruey, of ye fluxes of ye belly, of ye collicke and iliaca passio, of tenasmus and exitus ani, and of the calenture, with A treatise of ye cure of ye plague. Published for the service of his Ma. tie and of the com:wealth. By John Woodall Mr. in chyrurgerie.; Surgions mate, or A treatise discouering faithfully and plainely the due contents of the surgions chest	Woodall, John, 1556?-1643.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise faithfully and plainly declaring the way of preventing, preserving from, and curing of that most fearful and contagious disease called the plague.; Woodall, John, 1556?-1643. Treatise of gangrena, and sphacelos.	1617 (1617)	Wing W3421; ESTC R221201	349,679	432

well to incorporate which done and that they are mixed all in one and added to the former the Laudanum is readie onely if you could forbear your Medicine so long that it might afterwards stand in a small Alimbeck of glasse with a blinde head one moneth it would be much the better To compose this Opiate aright is b●rd to a Bungler This Medicine though it would put many that professe much knowledge in the Art of the Apothecarie to their trumps truely to prepare it yet to an artist which is a true preparer of Medicines it is plain and pleasant to be done and once done it is for his whole life a sure medicine and will do the work-master credit that useth it I have the rather explained this medicine for that so many grosse and dangerous compositions are daily hatched up and uttered abroad for currant under the name of Laudanum Paracelsi opiati to the extream hazard of the lives of very many and to the great prejudice of the Common-wealth from the danger whereof God deliver each honest Christian And for that the younger sort of Artists should not easily be deceived with false compositions though I confess it is Marks to discern the false from the true Laudanum not possible to espie some cunning deceits which may passe in farre plainer compositions then this is yet take these few notes following when you would buy it for remembrances First note that the medicine is fals if it be uneven I mean if it have any course or grosse thing in it so that it will not all clearly dissolve as a juice of Liquorice well made will Notes of the true Laudanum For this is an infallible rule extracts are the pure parts of things and will wholly dissolve or be dissolved Further note that if either honie or sugar be found in the medicine it is false Also if it be more liquid then the ordinarie bals of Liquorice made up in London it is false or foolishly made and will not keep Also if it retain the lothsome smell of Opium it is not to be trusted Also if it be not merely of one colour so that you see nothing of the ingredients appear at all it cannot be good For assure thy self this composition truely made must be smooth and well smelling of such an indifferent hardnesse that without additions you may roule it into pils and is not greatly ponderous or heavie but it is of an unpleasant taste I must tell thee and therefore I use to give it as I have said in a pill except necessitie by weaknesse of the Patient when he cannot swallow a pill urge the contrary or that I use it in outward griefs as to othache c. Iliaca Passio ILion or Iliaca Passio is a most painful disease proceeding from an A fearful vi●●●ation obstruction of the small guts which suffering nothing to passe downwards causeth a great wringing and pain so that many which are oppressed with this dis●ase do perish and die a very miserable death ending their dayes with their feces or their own excrements issuing out at their mouthes and it is many times noted for a disease infectious Iliaca and Colica differ in place This woful kind of belly-ache or Iliaca Passio differeth from the Collick in the situation in that it hath his place and being in the smal guts and the chollicke onely in the great guts so that a vomit sometimes giveth ease herein but glisters seldome or never give any help for that seldome any thing will be brought forth downwards though the glisters be never so strong but herein the help that is to be hoped for by glisters is farre better effected by the glister Siringe then by the glister bag for one may deliver it with that Instrument with as great force as you please Causes THe causes of this disease are almost one with the Chollick both which are obstructions in the small or great guts and proceed chiefly of three causes as saith Dominic●● L●● namely 1 The drinesse of the ordure or excrements 2 Abscessus or a b●le or a botch in the guts 3 Thick and drie humours Also this disease sometimes commeth by distemperature of the aire being very cold also by a blow or bruise upon the gut ●lion the inward causes may be very many namely by drinking of poyson or cold water meats of hard digestion binding of the belly and such like Signes or tokens THe signes or tokens whereby this disease is known are as Galen affirmeth 7. Aphoris 19. is an intolerable pain and wringing in the upper part of the guts and no excrements descending downward Sometimes it moveth heavie and sore vomits so that the very feces are vomited upward of which disease or grief scarce any in that kind doe escape as Galen witnesseth lib. 6. cap. 2. I have seen the like in a A fearfull vomiting Rupture by reason of a part of the gut Ilion that was fallen through the Peritoneum into Scrotum that could not be reduced the sick vomited his excrements and died the second day Also much watching sometimes causeth great pain in the small guts or Ilion unrest strong Note Convulsions cold in the extream parts and if any feces be gotten forth of the fundament by any means they being put into water will swimme aloft Item if this grief come of poyson drunke then the Patient will suffer Tremor Cordis soundings debilitie of the faculties of the body and vomit doe commonly goe before the pangs and all these aforesaid signes are usually more vehement and stronger then in the Collick Prognostica VVHen the Iliack cometh with distilling or dropping of urine the partie dieth within seven daies Galen aphoris 44. except an Ague happen so that in the mean time sufficient quantitie of urine do come Item vomit the Hicket foolishnesse or idle convulsions are evil● signes Avicen upon the 7. aphor 10. A deadly sign The vomiting upward of the excrements deadly yet young folks escape in this disease sooner then old folks A good sign The Ilion where the pain doth change from place to place is of least danger because it dependeth or proceedeth of winde which is easily rosolved Another The breaking of winde upwards or downwards and stinking much is evil and deadly as also the excrements much stinking is the like Cure Promise n● cure IN the cure of this disease no Physician or Chirurgion respecting his credit will take upon him absolutely the cure thereof especially if the Scurvie be confirmed in the patient but with protestation of death if the Patient doe vomit the feces or excrements upward but if the Promise no cure Scurvie be not yet confirmed in the Patient then the cure of this disease differeth little from the cure of the Collick and may be indifferently used and is all one but that onely the stronger medicines and greater diligence is to be used in the Iliack then in the Collick which if

of chylus frequent vomiting swounding fainting and death When the excrements are retained in the belly and issue out of the wound very unsavoury and putrefied and hot by the natural place it is plain that the intestines are hurt The sign of the Reins or Kidnies wounded is the suppression of urine which causeth a sore pain in the groine and testicles with inflation or swelling even to death The accidents of the Bladder offended are one with the reines unlesse the sinewie parts thereof be grieved and then distention of the belly pissing of blood vomiting voiding of urine at the wound suppression of the faculties doting and death follow When Spinae Medulla or the Marrow of the back bone is hurt there followeth the resolution of the sinewes which hindereth the function of the sense and motion voluntary evacuation of excrements appear and for the most part death is the immediate conclusion The solution of a Veine is known by blood of red colour and thick substance The testimony of an Artery hurt is blood somewhat yellow subtie thin hot beating and leaping or violently issuing and as it were by jumps The Tendons Membranes and Ligaments wounded or incised bring the same symptomes as the Nerves do The Cure Wherein the cure of wounds in general doth consist THe Cure of wounds is either by the help of nature or medicine if by nature the strife is at an end the Artist may save a labour if by medicine their cure consisteth both in the reduction of parts disjoyned and dislocated to union and in consolidation and true conglutination of them therefore it shall be necessary to consider that if any thing hinder consolidation it be removed that reduct on be rightly and skilfully wrought lest the parts adjoyned fall into relaps and that the substance of the part with his natural temperament be conserved and lastly that the symptoms be prevented and carefully cured as they arise The first intention in curing of wounds is to take away whatsoever is besides nature as Iron wood lead or ought else with fit instruments and that without pain if it may be to the diseased that consolidation may the better be effected In wounds of the head to take away the hair or what else might seem to hinder the good application of medicines to the grief is the first part Strive also to set well the veins and nerves displaced that the beauty and due office of the member be not diminished and that it may conglutinate the easier and being united keep them so by Ligature future and other due and artificial means It is requisite also that the natural temperament of the part be carefully preserved and that is done by a certain carefull regiment of the body which is universal or particular The universal regiment consisteth in purging medicines as Potions Glisters a sober and frugal dyet abstinence from wine venery and all kinds of meats which may move or attenuate humours and moderate use of good nourishing sustenance all which helps the poor Sea-man is not capable of in long voyages The particular Regiment is in remedies which confirm and strengthen the natural heat of the member debilitated and which hinder and avert fluxion such are Unguentum Nutritum diapalma I mean Diacalsithios dissolved in Oyl of Roses Ceratum Refrigerans Rosat Messue Ungu de minio or the like The general accidents most to be feared that affect the wounded are Haim rrea dolour tumour intemperature a fever faintnesse of the heart convulsions specially where a sinew is wounded The cure of Ha morrea Haimorrea or flux of blood is stayed by medicaments astringent fitted and applyed with convenient future or ligature and sometimes by medicines caustik either actual or potential touched in the Treatise of amputation or dismembring A Tumour is an unnatural increase exceeding the natural state in the body and inducing an offence of the actions of the same the cure whereof is touched elsewhere Intemperature is either over much heat or cold his remedy is by opposites as namely to too hot imtemperature apply a cold medicament c. The intemperature of the Liver chiefly consisteth in oppilation or debility of the faculties thereof and is helped chiefly by wholsome nutriment the lamentable want whereof at Sea is the cause of many the grievous obstructions and other evil effects in Seamens bodies so that oft-times a good Artist shall not be able to heal a mean excoriation The Accidents common to the wounded heart as is said are swounding palpitation thereof a hot burning fever and many other Syncope is a solution of the spirits which forsake the heart whose remedy is Cordials if God have appointed life A Fever is a heat in the heart more then natural infused and dispersed through the whole body whose cure is by purging bleeding and good government A convulsion is a dangerous disease of the brain which often-times is a fore-runner or a messenger of death The diseases in the brain are either in the membranes substance or ventricles and passages thereof whose species and symptoms are many and for the most part very dangerous and of difficult cure For if the substance of the brain be offended the functions thereof are impedited whence proceedeth doting melancholly foolishnesse slothfulnesse Lithargie frenzie madnesse losse of memory deadish sleep giddinesse apoplexie Paralysis and divers other like accidents formerly recited And if the ventricles of the brain be wounded then the motions and senses thereof be grieved Wherefore for the better cure of these wounds in the brain desiccation and cicatrization in due time is needful either by simple medicaments as Spiritus vini b●l●s Armeniae Terra sigillata Lithargirum Cerusa Tutia Adust lead Burnt paper Allom water Burnt Vitriol or by compound medicines as Vng desiccans rub Diapompholigos Diapalma Divers Accidents will have divers medicaments And as you see the accidents of the wounded are divers so the remedies are not all alike but some are general others more peculiar Those that are onely in the skin or flesh have no difficile cure for oft-times Nature with some easie remedy or a Ligature onely doth help them but those that are compound offending many parts need a methodical and convenient order of curation which is divers as is said according to the diversity of the parts affected for if contusion or ruption be onely of the flesh under the skin there is required consolidation by easie comfortation and desiccation and no suppuration which is effected onely by nourishing and preserving the natural heat or humidity of the member as in other wounds But a contused wound if it be be great requireth purging Glisters potions or pils phelbotomie a wholsome dyet perfect evacuation of the humour that commeth from the veins and suppuration of the contused and livid flesh which two last are affected at the first by mean remedies as oyl of roses and mirtles sometimes by a Paracelsus plaister It will desire also suppurating medicines

this sicknesse to come by the multitude of Melancholike humors gathered in Vena Porta by which it is said the Milt doth draw unto it Melancholly humors and so transporteth it from the Milt into the Ventricle But truly the causes of this disease are so infinite and unsearchable as they far pass my capacity to search them all out some men conceive this disease happeneth to Sea-men onely through long being at Sea without touch at land as it is seen in East India voyages our men have it betwixt England and the Cape de bon spera●ce as they term it and at their coming on the land there they presently grow Aire and fresh food helpeth well this disease in Sea-men strong again and are by the very fresh ayr and fresh food cured without much other help and likewise twixt the Cape and the Indies they are touched with it again and as aforesaid the fresh air of that land the next they come on and good dyet together cureth them with small physical helps and the same again home-ward bound The chief cause whereof is the continuance of salt diet either fish or flesh as pork and the like which is not to be avoided at sea as I suppose by the wit of man another cause is want of sufficient nourishing food and of sweet water and also for want of Aqua vita wine beer or other good water to comfort and warm their stomackes which by contrary winds men are two much incident unto in long voiages howsoever the Marchants are careful provident and bountiful in that point An other cause of this disease to the ordinary sort of poor men is want of fresh apparel to shift them with which indeed amongst poor Sailers especially a sort of them that are carelesse and lazy of disposition is too frequent partly also by the not keeping their apparel sweet and dry and the not cleansing and keeping their Cabins sweet this also ingendreth and increaseth the infection Some charge Bisket as a cause of the Scurvy but I am not of their opinion Some say inordinate watchings are cause therseof Some say extream labour wanting due nourishment Some also affirm cares and grief to be some cause thereof others affirm the very heat of the 〈◊〉 resolving the spirits but what shall I amplifie further for it is 〈◊〉 true that they which have all the helps which can be had for mony and take as much care as men can devise are even by the evil disposition of the aire and the course of nature strook with a Scurvy yea and die thereof at sea and land both yet this giveth no warrant to the Surgeon or his Mate to leave their duties unperformed for the bloods of those men which either by their wilfulnesse or slothfulnesse perish under their charge will surely be required at their hands But it is plain that this grief is a lazie foul disease with obstructions of the liver or spleen or of both as also it appeareth that the head is much diseased and that there is great obstructions in the brain for that the eyes not onely look evil coloured but also the gummes putrifie and the teeth grow loose and all the sinewy parts of the body bear their part in the disease for the shrinking and withering of the sinews with the great pains the party hath declareth no lesse Of the Scurvy or Scorbutum the signes THe signes of the Scurvy are many as namely a general laziness and evil disposition of all the faculties and parts of the body saving the stomack and the appetite which oftentimes is greater then ordinary with them a long time A discolouring of the skin as if it were fouler then ordinary with spots darker coloured then the rest and sometimes also darkish blew spots A fever at sea commonly ends in the Scurvy wherefore by the way beware of too large purging or phlebotomy which increase oft the grief and make it incurable I speak this because I have noted there is a fault in young Surgeons of forwardnesse in taking too much blood at Sea Also itching or aking of the limbs are signes of the grief Sometimes the legs falling away and drying the calves of the legs growing hard and dry as also immoderate swellings of the legs also the legs and thlghes discoloured into frekels or spots of a durty brown sad colour much like the colour of a gangrenated or mortified member Stinking of the breath Great obstructions of the liver or spleen or both and in the exercising of the bodyes their limbs and their spirit failing them Shortnesse and difficulty of breathing especially when they move themselves but lying still finde little grief or pain Their eyes of a leady colour or like dark violets Great swellings in the face legs and over all the body paleness or a foul pale colour in the face Swellings of the gums rottenness of the same with the issuing of much filthy blood and other stinking corruption thence looseness of the teeth Also some are troubled with an extream costivenesse that for 14. dayes together they go not to stool once wherefore the Chirurgion is constrained with an Instrument to take out the excrements to avoid death after which extreme costivenesse often followeth a great flux of blood and a painful also many have stoppings of the urine or at least making lesse water in two dayes then the party drinketh in one day A coldnesse and stiffenesse of the sinewy parts chiefly of the legs Some also have their Muscles yea and sinews of their thighes arms and legs so wasted away that there seemeth to be left only the Certain signes of the Scurvy by the dead opened discovered skin covering the bones Also it is manifest that divers of those which have been opened after death have had their Livers utterly rotted Others have had their Livers swoln to an exceeding greatnesse some the Spleen extreamly swoln others have been full of water others their Lungs putrified and stunk whilst they have lived these and divers other signs too many for to be mentioned here do afflict poor Sea-men which often are past mans help in such place and time as they happen the Cure whereof resteth only in the hands of the Almighty And yet to any man of judgement it may seem a wonder how a poor miserable man coming on Land from a long Voyage even at the point of death namely swoln sometimes to an unreasonable greatnesse not able to lift a leg over a straw nor scarce to breath by reason of strong obstruction yet in a few daies shall receive the fulnesse of former health yea with little or no medicine at all The Cure of this disease as a famous Writer named Johannes Echthius in a Treatise De Scorbuto affirmeth consisteth chiefly in four things namely in opening obstructions evacuating the offending humors in altering the property of them and in comforting and corroborating the parts late diseased Remedies touching the Scurvy Johannes Vierius another famous writer ascribeth the

Dysenteria Galen s rule if the Dysenteria proceed from humours proceeds of mauy humours or having and ill quality the cure as Galen witnesseth hath one chief and most common intention to that which is contrary to the disposition to be taken away Therefore let there be given Myrabolans which in this case are most excellent for they correct the acrimony of the humours and strengthen the ventricle and the intestines in want whereof Rubarb may be as well given being dried a little But if the flux be pestilential let the matter be purged presently by sweating as is said not respecting the concoction of humours Of Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi and the Vertues thereof THere are many diseases which can hardly be cured without Anodine medicines therefore in the Cure of such diseases I mean where want of rest through extream pain or other the great disquiet of nature doth foretel an imminent danger of death if rest be not speedily procured in all such cases Anodine medicines may doubtless with great reason and good warrant be inwardly given To procure therefore safe and quiet rest sheweth great skill in the Artist and to the Patient is more precious in his grievous infirmitie then much treasure but in no one infirmitie have such medicine more shewed their admirable vertues then that noble medicine The chief vertue of Laudanum called Laudanum Opiat Paracelsi hath done in the cure of that lamentable disease called Dysenterie or the bloudy Fluxe as witnesseth divers of our Nation coming from the East Indies upon good proofe as also being no lesse approved of not onely by ancient and modern Writers but by every expert Chirurgion coming from those countries of their own too many experiences thereof have been made The vertues of this precious Anodine to be I mean here recited as they are noted and set down very learnedly by that famous Writer Oswaldus Crollius late Physitian to Matthias the third Emperour of Ozwaldus 〈◊〉 Crossi●e 〈◊〉 of the vertues of Laudanum Germany in his book called Bazilica Chymica and not by him onely but also by divers good Authors of credit which have written of the same medicine before which vertues being very many may seem almost incredible though many of them my self am witness of to be true out of my daily practise onely they are meant by the true composition according as Theophrastus Paracelsus hath prescribed it and is the same composition which the said Writer mentioneth Touching the virtues of the Medicine Ozwaldus concerning Laudanum THis Laudable medicine saith Ozwaldus Crollius deserveth rightly his name although thou call it Laudanum for in all sharp pains whatsoever hot or cold within the body or without the body yea even when through extreamitie of pain the parties are at deaths doore or almost mad with the vehemencie of the same this precious medicine giveth ease presently yea and quiet sleep and that Laudanum more effic●cious if the body be soluble safely but much better the body being first soluble either by nature or Art and you may give it safely provoking first onely one stool● by a suppositorie or a glister were better in the collick with Mint-water it easeth the gripings forthwith In the pains and gravel of the kidnies likewise it giveth present ease In the plurisie it presently and safely giveth ease In pains of the joints it is verie good In the staying of rheumes as tooth-ache and other like defluxions in the beginnings it is a singular good medicine as namely in the tooth-ache dissolve foure graines thereof in Plantane water and put it into the eare on the aking side and take three grains into the body and lie to rest it is a sure help In all fluxes of the belly whether they proceed of sharp or slipperie humours or whatsoever else offending cause taken with mastick Terra Sigillata fine Bole or with any other appropriate good medicine it is exceeding sure for it fortifieth the other medicines and doubleth their forces adding his own also thereto In extream watchings and want of rest either inwardly or outwardly taken it is profitable if outwardly you would use it take foure or six grains with three drops of oyl of Nutmeggs which is pressed out mixed together and binde it in two little clouts and put it into the nostrils it will marvellously asswage pains in the head and cause quiet rest In the extream bleedings of the nose called Hemoragie it is an approved secret that sixteen grains thereof divided into two pils and thrust up into the nostrils into each nostril one part helpeth the same In all kinds of Fevers it is good to be given with water of Worm-wood or pill-wise alone and if the heat remain after sixe houres you may give it the second time and after that again in like time safely not exceeding the dose yet let your own experience lead you that where you see three grains will not cause rest in the next potion you give one grain more and so increase paulatim but increase not but upon good deliberation In burning Fevers it asswageth thirst and provoketh sleep chiefly in those Fevers in which the partie seemeth to have some shew of rest with tedious dreams and slumbrings mixed In the disease called Asthma and in the Tysick if it be used in water of Hyssope it will preserve the diseased Patient a long time It conserveth the natural heat strengthneth the spirits repaireth strength lost It is also effectual to be given to melancholy people which are void of reason and are troubled with the passions of the heart It is likewise used with good effect against vomiting and the Hickcock proceeding of wind faintnesse or debilitie of the Ventricle In the superfluous defluxions of the excremental or menstrual bloud it is an excellent remedy with Crocus Martis or red coral In phrensies and madnesse both in wardly and outwardly it is good mixed with Aqua vitae and the temples anointed therewith In the falling sicknesse with spirit of Vitriol or the quintessence of Camphire with also oyle of Almonds it is usually taken The dose of this opiate medicine is two or three or foure grains if there be loosnesse of the belly as is rehearsed it worketh much the better Note that in some parts of the world this medicine in the mentioned dose will doe no ease wherefore when you finde that by experience in the next Patient give more but not to the same Patient without great reason It is best given in any occasion accompanied with waters or The best way to administer it other medicines which are most appropriate to the diseases land parts diseased and yet may very well be given alone in a pill which I willingly do for that the Patient then is least troubled with the taste thereof A caution remarkable But beware you use not this medicine to any which are feeble through a great cough being oppressed with tough phlegme and shortnesse of breath for there it is not

slaughter-houses of Beasts dead carkasses of men as in time of Warre and of stincking fish fowl or any thing that hath contained life and is putrid as also more particularly in great Cities as in London the unclean keeping of houses Lanes Allies and streets from those recited and the like infectious venemous vapors by warmth of the Sun exhaled are apt and able to infect the living bodies of men and thereby to produce the Plague which once produced is too apt by infection to spread it selfe The corruption of the Ayre a cause and become popular as experiene too much sheweth and as by corrupt meats and drinkes mens bodies are corrupted and infected even so by corrupt ayre as I have said which we can no way avoid to draw into the secretest parts of our bodies the spirits are likewise infected and poysoned to the production both of sicknesse and death if God be not the more merciful unto us for where the disease once beginneth there are many unhappy evils incident as causes conducing to Want of food a cause the increase thereof besides Vapors and one not of the least is it bringeth scarcity of food with it and that brings emptinesse of the belly and where emptinesse is there evill aire is not wanting and that aboundeth too much with the poorer sort and also where food is wanting all kinds of food how infectious or pernitious soever is used in necessity namely all raw fruits as plums peaches yea musty Corn and many things of far wilder condition and so by consequent lack of food is a great cause of the increase of the Plague so that in the V●wholsome food a cause sicknesse time it is by experience dayly found that far more of the poorer fort usually have dyed then of the richer for where emptinesse and unwholsome food is in use as is repeated there the corrupt ayre doth the most harme And likewise genreally observe that where war is for the most part there is famine and those two conclude to make up a third evill namely the pestilence which God be praised we have bin long freed from the two first Thus much in brief of the Terrestrial causes of the Plague Of the precedent and accidentall signes of the Plague The precedent and accidential fignes notable in the Disease of the Plague are various and uncertaine because in truth they are seldome in any one person as in another but to speak as of the most general first appearance of the Plague it beginneth cold and with pain in the head and stomach and sometimes in the backe and if so then it is commonly taken for an Ague and therefore at first little feared Again some begin to complain of pain in the backe and such kinds of beginning are more generally hopeful of healing then when it beginneth hot in my opinion in some also it beginneth hot with pain and giddinesse of the head and pain in the stomach others at the first stroak or touch find a general discouragement and weaknesse over all the whole body others at the first being taken in the head their senses are stupified and dulled in others it beginneth with a raging and fierce fevour so that their countenance is changed their speech fayling or fainting their eyes strangely turning to and fro in a feareful manner Again others complaine of an extraordinary pain with extreame heat inward in the stomach and intrals when the outward parts are chil and cold and ready to shake again some in the beginning complain of great thirst others complain of shortnesse of breath and paine in breathing others swelling and sorenesse of their throats which being sought into no cause appeareth Others have the Almonds or Glandules of their throat much swelled and inflamed Also many are taken with great defire to sleep and with frequent yawnings and it is unsafe in my judgment to permit such to sleep before a Diaphoretick or sweating Medicine have by the patient bin taken and that it hath breathed out some of the venemous vapours by sweat with keeping them waking till the medicine have wrought his effect Others are subject to great watchfulnesse and commonly those are in their slumbers oppressed with grievous and fearful dreames and fantasies Others it beginneth with sweatings with pain of the back and a stinking of the breath and such are ever of very doubtful cure and in my opinion such have inward Carbuncles Others have swellings in the brest some also have losse of appetite evill digestion and faintnesse and some are troubled with deep hickcoks and hollow belchings Others from the beginning to the end of their sicknesse and till death have neither swelling sores nor spots also upon some at first there appeare diverse spots of a duskish colour their countenance of an unequal aspect the one cheek red the other pale Others with sweat drops on their noses a fierce countenance with grinding of the teeth And to be briefe touching signes and accidents in this most feareful disease I perswade my selfe that no man can speak of any No symptome of any disease but is incident to the infected of the Plague terrible symptome signe or indication of any disease whatsoever that hath befallen any man but that the like hath been seen and observed in some one person or more sick of the Plague for the fiercenesse thereof in some persons forceth Hemorrhage both from the greater and lesser veines and some it afflicteth with a Dissenteria Diarraea Lienteria all these from the belly and from the head it produceth Apoplexia Paralysis Lythergi Vertigo Mania with diverse other symptomes also from the throat Squinancia Angina c. Also obstructions of the bowels retention of Urine Colica and Iliaca Passio Singultus Gangrena Convulsions Contractions of Nerves and what not this fierce disease produceth to devoure poore mankind by and surely for that cause I am perswaded it is vulgarly called the sicknesse as comprehending and including all other sicknesse in it selfe Accidental signes which in this disease commonly presage death to the partie are these that follow Signes that presage death Namely when the Patient is possessed with sounding and faintings with cold and clammie sweats often changing of the countenance vomiting of slimie sharp and ill-coloured flegme either greenish yellowish blackish or bloud-coloured sanies or avoiding of Excrements disordered and discoloured either fattie blackish unctious or unnaturally stinking Convulsions Contractions of the Nerves graveling and pidling with the fingers plucking up the Bed-clothes a sudden flux of the belly of stinking matter of rustie or greenish colour a sudden going back of an Apostume Carbuncle or Bubo also when the Patient is insensible of the departure of his Urine and Excrements And yet to Gods glory I here affirme that notwithstanding the aforesaid signes or some one of them I have seene I say some one or more of the afore-named symptomes appear and that the sicke hath even in mans judgment bin as at the point of

pestilential Boyle Of the second outward sign of the Plague THe second outward signe in the Disease is the most fierce burning Carbuncle called Anthrax or the burning coale which happeneth his ubique namely in every part of mans body without order rule or controule within the body as well as without The second sign Anthrax and at the first appearance thereof if visible it doth appear commonly inflamed and hard and 〈◊〉 the middest thereof with a burning pain afflicting the sick like to burning fire yea and will sometimes blister even with the ardent Fervour thereof and in others The effcte of it it will itch very much which if it be scratched there will come forth a sharp reddish yellowish or sometimes a dusky coloured Ichor The description of it And to some again the paine is so fierce and great that the Patient will grow to to be mad with extremity thereof The description of it The shape or figure of this Disease is most commonly somewhat round and the colour uncertaine according to the predomination of the humour infected or infecting or sometimes it is pale though the party be in a feavour sometimes reddish sometmies black or purple or greenish and the two last colours are most feareful and this disease is seldome healed without so much losse of the musculous flesh and skin as it taketh first hold of in what part soever it happen except by sweating medicines in the beginning of the disease the fury thereof be changed but it is a very good signe of life when it separateth it selfe so that the Fever cease for the Carbuncle commeth seldome or never to suppuration as doth the Bubo But it will admit separation and come to a kind of unperfect digestion many times and after wil come to fall out as a gangrenated part doth where Nature is strong and it usually will separate and come away in one intire piece from the sound but if it grow black and separate not nor any circular digestion be and the Feaver abate not then it may befeared Death is at hand for little hope of recovery is in the Patient The danger of it And againe if it appeare greenish the party commonly dyeth also you shall see some Carbuncles smooth as glasse and of a blacke shining colour not unlike pitch with intollerable paine and the member whereon they are fixed will be ponderous and unwildy to move to and fro and seeming to the patient as if it were heavily overburthened or as though it suffered by hard ligature and I have seen Patients that have had Carbuncles within the body whereof one hath been within the stomach and some have it in their liver and ther principal parts but such live not many dayes I have taken out the whole eye from one by a Carbuncle seated therein who recovered and from another the halfe nose from another the halfe of the beard with also the lippe whereon it grew which of it selfe fell off by separation and from the third one of his testicles I mean one of his stones with the purse and all and that man was with the halfe of his Scrotum living at the writing hereof as in my other Treatise elsewhere is mentioned Thus much of the second principal signe or apparant Demonstration of the Plague namely the Carbuncle Of the Blaine The third signe a Pestilential Blain THe third manifest and demonstrative signe of this Disease is the Pestilential Blain whereof some infected have many and divers have not one and this Disease is a painful angry push somewhat like the small pock but yet in colour more red or The descripion of it cloudy seldome transparent as a small pock usually is but farre more paineful some have them somewhat lesse some bigger with a small head of an angry blew or reddish colour sometimes of a lead colour and somewhat hard or fleshy and as it were growing upon a large root or stool this Disease is found in every part of the body but this Blain seldome killeth or hindreth the cure of the diseased but it rather serves for a demonstrative sign of the Disease then otherwise and helpeth to breathe out the venome as I gather For if by vertue from above or of good Medicines or by strength of nature the feavour The cause of it be overcome the Blain dryeth away and requireth no other cure For as I conceive it only proceeds ex ebullitione Sanguinis Venenosi of the ebullition or boyling of venemous blood which being thrust out either by the immediate work of God or Art or Nature health easily followeth and the blains vanish unlesse by natures weaknesse or through the undue use or want of Phlebotomy or of purging medicines or for want of following the cure by Diaphoretick medicaments in season the venome be repelled from the supe●ficies to the centre as too oft in the cure of that disease it happeneth and in such a case eminent death is to be feared And so I conclude of the third notable sign the Blayn Of the Marks or spots commonly though neither properly nor alwaies truly called Gods Tokens The fourth sign Gods tokens The fourth apparent outward sign of the plague is the markes or spots appearing upon the skin usually called Gods tokens but not as being ever certain tokens of the pestilence and so of death to the patient as vulgarly they are taken to be by ignorant people Of the ignorantly mistaking them in their unexpert conjectures and opinions for that it is daily manifest many have spots of several formes and colours when venomous feavours reign and yet have not the Plague and again many have suspitious and fearful spots which the vulgar term Gods tokens and recover and live many yeares after my self have cured not a few in that kind that are now to Gods glory living these spots are upon some bodies like Flea-bitings in others larger in some again as big as a penny Of the several colours In some bodies there are very many and sometimes they are like freckles and they are most commonly found upon the breast and sometimes upon the back arms and legs of the patients they are in some of a colour blewish or of a sad red and some are like lead-colour and others purple some are of a pale-blew and these spots are ever without pain but the very appearance of any spots to any in the Plague cause sudden fear to the Patient which though the markes be insensible yet through sudden fear they produce faintings Their effects caused by fear swoundings trembling of the heart and death following thereupon although neither the Patient feel pain as is said neither alwayes the Artist can judge by reason he seeth just cause of sudden death to his Patient the reason being secret with God as inwardly afflicting maukind de Praescientia Dei namely of the fore-knowledge of God So much of the marks spots or tokens in some appearing in the Disease of

of Amputating or cutting off of putrid members in the mortified part I after considered with my self that I could not properly proceed therein except by the defining of a Gangrene in the first place because a Gangrene is ever the fore runner of a Sphacelus and the material cause of Amputation either in the general body of Man or in any the particular parts thereof and from the which no Animal creature no not Man himself can decline from Ab initio statutum est omnibus semel mori For from the beginning all men are constituted once to dye and yet there is an interim for each man of not being in health neither really dead but quafi moriens vel semi mortuus dying or half dying In the which i●terim or intermission of time a man may by an accident be said to be in such a distemper as he may be gangrenated or in a Gangrena as the Artist tearms it either in part or in all and yet by the permission of God and by the help of Art that supposed dying man or member of man may receive cure and be hea●d again although in mans judgment not well versed in the mystery of healing he be supposed to be at the gates of death Even so a Gangrene presaging a Sphacelus may in some cases be cured as daily experience sheweth that divers Gangrenes receive cure so that to conclude a man that hath a Gangrene in one or more parts of his body untill it be taken away that man is ev●r as it were under the Shadow of Death Nam Mors sequitur ut umbra Death attendeth us as our shadow Thus much briefly by way of Preface touching the Gangrene A Treatise of Gangrena A Definition of a Gangrene and the several causes thereof A Gangrene in his progresse may justly be termed an effect destroying nature and therefore against nature it is a disease woful painful horrible and fearful to man-kind and justly so for that it often endeth in Sphacelus which is the destruction of the part affected if not of the whole body Causes The causes thereof are infinite for number but to speak in brief in one generall term for all how the d●sease commeth first to invade m●ns body it ever proceedeth ex intemperie which is of distemper ever by force invading nature this intemperies or distemper may be said generally two wayes to be taken either Externally or Internally Externally It may be tearmed external or from without as well when it proceedeth by externall violence of the ayr by thunder and lightning or otherwise by the mighty and immediate hand of God as it doth to many or by feavours violent contagious or pestilential as Anthrace the small Pox or the like whose secret causes with the reasons thereof are hidden in God and therefore ●y mans wisdome are not to be found out although some affirm the Conjunction or Opposition of the Planets have power or give cause hereunto according to the Poet Astra regunt homines sedregit Astra D●us The Stars govern mans body and God governeth the starres or it proceedeth of outward violence namely sometime by mans hand his intention or invention as by great wounds whereof great hemorrage and so as by a just consequent a Gangerne followeth as also by a violent contusion given either by violence of weapons as by wounds made by Gun-shot Swords Speares knives c. And oftentimes by obstructions in the blood sometimes caused by stripes c. whereby fractures of bones distortions of joynts contusious inflammations Convulsions great and sudden fears and other distempers proceed among which great accidents Gangrena is to be feared will be one and not the least although it may be called one of the last and it may also happen by the fall of a house a tree any weighty thing yea by a tyle a stone by the bite of any venemous Beast of a Dog and innumerable other accidents according to Gods secret appointment or permission Nam Accidit in puncto quod non reparatur in anno That may happen in a moment that cannot be repaired in a year And further a distemper may fall out to be a disease of the similar parts deprived of their naturall and proper temperament this deprivation 1. What a distemper is Simple distemper Compound distemper is caused two wayes either by a simple distemper by reason of the excesse of one quality viz. of heat cold dry or moisture or by a compound distemper by reason of the extuberance or over bearing of the two qualities together hot and moist hot and dry cold and moist and cold and dry again a distemper is either a fault of the meer quality Phlogosis alone viz. an inflammation or it hath an adju●ct f●ult of the humours as a Phlegmon again many times a Gangrene proceedeth Phlegmon from a surfeir or a distemper of fulnesse or inanition which may proceed Intemperies by starving or recessus of dew nutriment to satisfie nature A second definition of a Gangrene Second definition of the Gangrene A Gangrene is a beginning of putrefaction being a dreadful Symptome of a disease in any member of the body and sheweth it self for the most part by inflammation with great dolour the grieved How to know it part often appearing of a sad dusky reddish colour or livid though not alwaies and being for the most part tumifieed or swollen the pain being to the judgment of the Patient so intolerable as if there were a fire-coal burning therein or the like in effect and for that reason the German Writers call this by the violent heat of the disease the Heisbrant or the hot burning coal for in truth a Gangrene is of a burning sudden fierce destroying nature and therefore against nature being a disease dreadful to mankind as is said and justly so for that it menaceth to the part affected if not to the whole body eminent destruction yea death it self except speedy remedy by Gods mercy be at hand The causes of this disease as aforesaid are many for number whereof The causes of Gangrene I will set down but part viz. It may proceed either from great hemorrage mentioned that is exceeding effusion of blood and spirits or by a distemper of the four humours proceeding either by Repletion or Inanition Or by extream erosion or corrosion of caustick Medicines or corrosive humours By imbecillity of nature as by weaknesse of infants and old age by a venemous and poysoned blood as in contagious times and namely when the small Pox or Plague reigneth Small Pox or Plague may pr●duc● Gangrena's causing sudden putrefaction of humours also it may proceed by great burnings and scaldings by over-much hunger and thirst by the pricking of a nerve or of nerves by a Feavour precedent by a Frost and also by extream cold by the bitings of venemous Beasts or Wormes or mad Dogs by want of good concoction or humours by obstructions of or from any