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A39662 An exposition of the assemblies catechism with practical inferences from each question as it was carried on in the Lords Days exercises in Dartmouth, in the first year of liberty, 1688 / by John Flavell. Flavel, John, 1630?-1691.; Mather, Increase, 1639-1723.; Westminster Assembly (1643-1652). Shorter catechism. 1692 (1692) Wing F1160; ESTC R25088 171,235 224

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for ever 1 Cor. 10.3 4 5. And did all eat the same spiritual meat and did all drink the same spiritual drink for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them and that rock was Christ but with many of them God was not well pleased for they were overthrown in the wilderness Luke 13.26 27. Then shall ye begin to say we have eaten and drank in thy presence and thou hast taught in our streets But he shall say I tell you I know you not whence you are depart from me all ye workers of iniquity Q. 13. What 's the second Inference A. That men should not idolize some Ministers for the excellency of their gifts and despise others seeing 't is not in them to make the means effectual Q. 14. What 's the last Inference A. That in all our attendance upon the means of Salvation we should be careful to beg the Spirit and Blessing of Christ without which they cannot be effectual to our Salvation Of the nature of Sacraments Quest. 92. WHat is a Sacrament A. A Sacrament is an holy Ordinance instituted by Christ wherein by sensible signs Christ and the benefits of the New Covenant are represented sealed and applyed to Believers Q. 1. How many sorts of Sacraments are found in Scripture A. Of Sacraments there are two sorts some extraordinary and transient as the Fiery Pillar Manna and Water out of the Rock 1 Cor. 10.1 2 3 4. Moreover brethren I would not that ye should be ignorant how that all our fathers were under the cloud and all passed through the sea and were all baptized unto Moses in the cloud and in the sea And did all eat the same spiritual meat And did all drink the same spiritual drink for they drank of that spiritual rock that followed them and that rock was Christ And some ordinary and standing as Circumcision and the Passover before Christ and Baptism and the Lords Supper since Christs death Q. 2. How many things are to be considered in every Sacrament A. In every Sacrament five things must be considered 1. The Author 2. The Parts ● The Vnion of those parts 4. The Subjects 5 The ends and uses of it Q. 3. Who is the Author of the Sacraments A. The Lord Jesus Christ as King of the Church by whose sole authority Baptism was instituted Matth. 28.19 20. Go ye therefore and teach all nations baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Ghost teaching them to observe all things whatsoever I have commanded you c. And the Lords Supper 1 Cor. 11.23 24. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you that the Lord Iesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread and when he had given thanks he brake it and said Take eat this is my body which is broken for you This do in remembrance of me Q. 4. Are the old Sacraments yet in being and use in the Church A. No they are past away and the new come in their room Baptism takes place of Circumcision Col. 2.11 12. In whom also ye are circumcised with the circumcision made without hands in putting off the body of the sins of the flesh by the circumcision of Christ buried with him in baptism c. And the Lords Supper of the Passover 1 Cor. 5.7 Purge out therefore the old leaven that ye may be a new lump as ye are unleavened for even Christ our passover is sacrificed for us Q. 5. Of what parts doth every Sacrament consist A. Every Sacrament consists of two parts one external and earthly another internal and Heavenly or Spiritual Bread Wine and Water are the external Christs Blood and Spirit the internal parts Rom. 6.3 Know ye not that so many of us as were baptized into Iesus Christ were baptized into his death 1 Cor. 11.25 This cup is the new testament in my blood c. Q. 6. Wherein consists the Sacramental union of these parts A. It consists by vertue of Christs institution in three things 1. In apt signification 2. Firm obsignation And 3. Real exhibition of the Blessings signified and seald Q. 7. What are the Blessings signified by Water in Baptism A. It signifies our implantation into Christ and communion with him in his Death and Resurrection Rom. 6.4 Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father even so we also should walk in newness of life And our solemn admission into the visible Church Gal. 3.26 27 28 29. For ye are all the children of God by faith in Christ Iesus For as many of you as have been baptized into Christ have put on Christ. There is neither Iew nor Greek there is neither bond nor free there is neither male nor female for ye are all one in Christ Iesus And if ye be Christs then are ye Abrahams seed and heirs according to the promise Q. 8. What are the Blessings signified by Bread and Wine A. They signifie Christs Body and Blood broken and poured out for us with all the Blessings of Remission Peace and Salvation purchased by his Blood 1 Cor. 10.16 17. The cup of blessing which we bless is it not the communion of the bloud of Christ The bread which we break is it not the communion of the body of Christ for we being many are one bread and one body for we are all partakers of that one bread Q. 9. Do the Sacraments seal as well as signifie these things A. Yes they do Rom. 4.11 And he received the sign of circumcision a seal of the righteousness of the faith c. Their use is to confirm Gods Covenant with Believers Q. 10. Who are the proper subjects of the Sacraments A. Believers and their Seed are the subjects of Baptism but adult Christians only of the Lords Supper Acts 2.38 39. Repent and be baptized every one of you for the promise is unto you and to your children and to all that are afar off even as many as the Lord our God shall call 1 Cor. 11.28 But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. Q. 11. What is the main use and end of Sacraments A. It is to ratifie and confirm Gods Covenant with Believers Rom. 4.21 And he received the sign of circumcision a seal of the righteousness of the saith that he had yet being uncircumcised c. 1 Cor. 11.26 For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup ye do shew the Lords death till he come Q. 12. What 's the first Instruction from hence A. That the abuse of such holy and solemn mysteries is a sin of dreadful aggravation and such as God will punish 1 Cor. 11.27 Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread and drink this cup of the Lord unworthily shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord. Q. 13. What 's the second Instruction
A. And so do many baptized at Age too Duties are not to be measured by events What is the Lords Supper Quest. 96. WHat is the Lords Supper A. The Lords Supper is a Sacrament wherein by giving and receiving Bread and Wine according to Christs appointment his Death is shewed forth and the worthy receivers are not after a corporal and carnal manner but by Faith made partakers of his Body and Blood with all his benefits to their spiritual nourishment and growth in Grace Q. 1. By whose authority is the Lords Supper instituted and appointed A. By the soveraign authority of Christ the King of the Church and not by the pleasure of man 1 Cor. 11.23 For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you that the Lord Iesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread Q. 2. Of what parts doth this Sacrament consist A. It consists of two parts one earthly and visible to wit Bread and Wine the other spiritual and invisible the Body and Blood of Christ 1 Cor. 10.16 The cup of blessing which we bless is it not the communion of the blood of Christ the bread which we break is it not the communion of the body of Christ Q. 3. How do these earthly and heavenly things become a Sacrament A. By the word of institution and blessing coming from Christ upon them 1 Cor. 11.23 24 25. For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you that the Lord Iesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread And when he had given thanks he brake it and said Take eat this is my body which is broken for you this do in remembrance of me After the same manner also he took the cup when he had supped saying This cup is the new testament in my blood this do as oft as ye drink it in remembrance of me Q. 4. When did Christ ordain and institute this Sacrament A. He instituted it in the same night he was betrayed 1 Cor. 11.23 The Lord Iesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread It could not be sooner because the Passover must be first celebrated and by the institution of this abrogated Nor later for soon after he was apprehended Q. 5. What doth the time of its institution teach us A. It teacheth us how great Christs care and love to his people is that he makes in his Ordinance such provision for our comfort though he knew his own bitter agony was just at hand Q. 6. What is the general use and end of this Sacrament A. It is to confirm seal and ratifie the New Covenant to Believers 1 Cor. 11.35 This cup is the new testament in my blood this do ye as oft as ye drink it in remembrance of me Q. 7. What are the particular ends and uses of it A. The first particular end and use of it is to bring Christ and his Sufferings afresh to our remembrance 1 Cor. 11.24 25. This do in remembrance of me Q. 8. What kind of remembrance of Christ is here intended A. Not a meer speculative but an affectionate heart-melting remembrance of him like that of Peter Matth. 26.75 And Peter remembred the words of Iesus which said unto him before the cock shall crow thou shalt deny me thrice And he went out and wept bitterly Or of Ioseph Gen. 43.29 30. And Ioseph made haste for his bowels did yern upon his brother and he sought where to weep and he entred into his chamber and wept there Q. 9. What doth this end of the Sacrament imply A. It implyes this that the best of Gods people are too apt to forget Christ and what he hath endured and suffered for them Q. 10. What else doth it imply A. It implies this that none but those that have the saving knowledge of Christ and have had former acquaintance with Christ are fit for this Ordinance for no man can remember what he never knew 1 Cor. 11.28 But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. Q. 11. What 's the second particular use and end of this Sacrament A. It is to represent Christ to Believers as an apt sign of him and of his Death and that both memorative significative and instructive Q. 12. How is it a memorative sign of Christ A. It brings Christ to our remembrance as his Death and bitter Sufferings are therein represented to us by the breaking of Bread and pouring forth of Wine 1 Cor. 11.26 For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup ye do shew forth the Lords death till he come Q. 13. How is it a significative Ordinance A. It is a significative Ordinance not only as it represents Christs sufferings but the Believers union with him as the head and with each other as members of his body 1 Cor. 10.61 17. The cup of blessing which we bless is it not the communion of the blood of Christ The bread which we break is it not the communion of the body of Christ For we being many are one bread and one body c. Q. 14. In what respect is it an instructive sign A. It is an instructive sign in divers respects namely First As it teaches us that Christ is the only nutritive bread by which our Souls live Iohn 6.51 I am the living bread which came down from heaven If any man eat of this bread he shall live for ever and the bread that I shall give is my flesh which I shall give for the life of the world And Secondly As it instructs us that the New Testament is now in its full force by the death of Christ the Testator Heb. 9.16 17. For where a testament is there must also of necessity be the death of the testator For a testament is of force after men are dead otherwise it is of no force at all whilst the testator liveth Thus much of the Author Nature and Ends of the Lords Supper Of the Elements Actions and Subjects of it Q. 1. ARe not Bread and Wine too small and common things to represent the body and blood of Christ A. Though a bit of Bread and a draught of Wine be things of small value in themselves yet they are great in respect of their use and end A penny-worth of Wax is a small thing in its self but being applyed to the Label of a Deed may be advanced to the worth of thousands of pounds as it receives the seal to a great inheritance Q. 2. Is not the bread in the Sacrament turned into the very body of Christ it self by Transubstantiation A. No it is not but the Elements retain still their own proper Nature of Bread and Wine after the words of Consecration and are so called 1 Cor. 11.26 For as often as ye eat this bread c. Matth. 26.29 But I say unto you I will not henceforth drink of this fruit of the vine until that day when I drink
it new with you in my Fathers kingdom Q. 3. What is the first argument by which Protestants confute the Popish Doctrine of Transubstantiation A. The first Argument against it is taken from the end of the Sacrament which is to bring Christs Body and Blood to our remembrance 1 Cor. 11.24 25. This do in remembrance of me Now signs for remembrance are of things absent not present Q. 4. What 's the second Argument A. Because the language in which our Saviour spake had no other property of expression there being no other word for signifie but is in stead thereof as is manifest in both Testaments Gen. 41.27 And the seven ill-favoured kine that came up after them are seven years of famine Rev. 1.20 The seven stars are the angels of the seven churches and the seven candlesticks which thou sawest are the seven churches Q. 5. What 's the third Argument against Transubstantiation A. The manifold gross absurdities that naturally and necessarily follow on this Doctrine shew the falseness of it and that it is justly rejected and abhorred by all sound Christians Q. 6. What 's the first absurdity that follows it A. This Doctrine allows that to a silly Priest which is not to be allowed to all the Angels in Heaven It allows him power to make his Maker and eat his God And in justifying this by the Omnipotency of God they say no more than what a Turk may say to justifie the most ridiculous fooleries of the Alcoran Q. 7. What 's the second absurdity of Transubstantiation A. The second absurdity is this that it denies the truth of the testimony given by the senses of all men that it is real Bread and real Wine after Consecration and not Flesh and Blood And if the testimony of sense be not certain then the being of God cannot be proved by the things that are made contrary to Rom. 1.20 For the invisible things of him from the creation of the world are clearly seen being understood by the things that are made even his eternal power and godhead c. Nor the truth of Christs Resurrection by seeing and feeling contrary to Luke 24.39 Behold my hands and my feet that it is I my self handle me and see c. Q. 8. What 's the third absurdity of Transubstantiation A. The third absurdity is this that in affirming the accidents of Bread and Wine to remain and their substance to vanish they affirm that there is length breadth thickness moisture and sweetness and yet nothing long broad thick moist or sweet which is a perfect contradiction Q. 9. What 's the fourth absurdity of Transubstantiation A. It implies that the entire living body of Christ sate at the Table and at the same time was dead and in the Disciples mouths and stomachs in the first Sacrament and that in all after Sacraments it is wholly in Heaven and wholly in as many thousand places in the World as there are Sacraments administred Q. 10. What doth the breaking of this bread and pouring out of wine in the Sacrament signifie A. It signifies the violent painful death and bitter sufferings of Christ for us 1 Cor. 11.26 For as often as ye eat this bread and drink this cup ye do shew the Lords death till he come Q. 11. What doth the giving and taking of the Sacramental bread and wine signifie A. These actions signifie Gods exhibiting and the Believers applying of Christ and all his benefits to their Souls Q. 12. Who are fit subjects to receive the Lords Supper A. None that are grosly ignorant scandalous or unbelievers in their Natural state for such cannot examine themselves as the Word requires 1 Cor. 11.28 But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. But do eat and drink Judgment to themselves 1 Cor. 11.29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily eateth and drinketh damnation to himself not discerning the Lords body Q. 13. Are morally honest and sober persons qualified for this Sacrament A. No Civility and Morality do not qualifie persons they are not the Wedding-garment but regenerating Grace and Faith doth in the smallest measure Matth. 22.12 And he saith unto him friend how camest thou in hither not having a wedding garment c. 1 Cor. 10.16 17. The cup of blessing which we bless is it not the communion of the blood Christ the bread which we break is it not the communion of the body of Christ For we being many are one bread and one body for we are all partakers of that one bread Of the Duties of Communicants Quest. 97. WHat is required to the worthy receiving of the Lords Supper A. It is required of them that would worthily partake of the Lords Supper that they examine themselves of their knowledge to discern the Lords Body of their Faith to feed upon him of their Repentance Love and new Obedience lest coming unworthily they eat and drink judgment to themselves Q. 1. What are the Duties of worthy receivers A. There are three sorts of Duties incumbent on them some antecedent to it some concomitants of it and some subsequent to it Q. 2. What are the antecedent Duties to it A. They are two 1. Examination of their Graces 2. Preparation of their Souls Examination of their Graces 1 Cor. 11.28 29. But let a man examine himself and so let him eat of that bread and drink of that cup. For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily eateth and drinketh damnation to himself not discerning the Lords body And preparation of their Souls 1 Cor. 5.8 Therefore let us keep the feast not with old leaven neither with the leaven of malice and wickedness but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth Q. 3. What 's the first Grace to be tryed A. Our saving knowledge of God in Christ without which we cannot discern the Lords Body 1 Cor. 11.29 For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily eateth and drinketh damnation to himself not discerning the Lords body Q. 4. What are we to enquire of touching our knowledge of God in Christ A. We are to examine whether it be competent for quantity and savingly operative and influential on the Heart and Life for quality Hos. 4.6 My people are destroyed for lack of knowledge c. 1 Cor. 13.1 Though I speak with the tongues of men and of angels and have not charity I am become as a sounding brass or tinkling cymbal Q. 5. When is knowledge competent and influential A. When we truly understand by the teachings of the Father the sin and misery of the Fall the nature and necessity of Christ and under these convictions come to him in the way of Faith Iohn 6.45 Every man therefore that hath heard and hath learned of the Father cometh unto me And subject our selves to him in sincere obedience Matth. 11.28 29. Come unto me all ye that labour and are heavy laden and I will give you rest Take my yoke upon you and learn of me for I