Magistrates along with him when they were all met he pulls off his Cloke and throws it upon the ground together with the New-Testament and making these as it were Symbols of his sincerity he protests and swears That the Doctrin he had publish'd was reveal'd to him from Heaven and therefore threatens them on a terrible manner that God would never bless them if they did not consent At last they agree upon the Point and the Doctors do nothing but harangue upon Matrimony in their Pulpits for three days together Soon after he marrieth no less than three Wives one of which was the Woman I mention'd before the Relict of the famous Prophet John Mathews His Example was so well followed that they accounted the Repetition of Matrimony before they were Widowers a very commendable thing But some of the Citizens who were very much dissatisfy'd with this way giving a signal about the Town call'd all those who adher'd to the Doctrin of the Gospel into the Market-Place when they had done this they apprehend the Prophet and Knipperdoling and all the Teachers of that Perswasion When the Mobile understood this they immediately betake themselves to their Arms Rescue the Captives by force and murther about fifty of the other Party with great barbarity For they tied them to Trees and Stakes and then shot them the chief Prophet applauding their Cruelty and telling them That if they intended to do acceptable Service to God they ought to be the first in discharging at them others were killed after another manner Upon the 23d of June another Prophet starts up who was a Goldsmith who after he had conven'd the Rabble into the Market-Place tells them That it was the Will and Command of the heavenly Father that John of Leyden should be Vniversal Monarch of the World Thaâ— he should March out with a most powerful Army and slay all Kings and Princes without distinction giving Quarter to none but the Multitude who were Lovers of Justice That he should possess the Seat of his Father David till the Father requir'd him to Resign his Kingdom For now the Wicked were to be destroy'd and the Righteous to begin their Reign upon the Earth These words being spoken aloud presently John of Leyden falls upon his Knees lifting up his hands to Heaven Men and Brethren saies he I have been assur'd of this Truth a great while since yet I was not willing to divulge it my self and now you see to make it the more unquestionable the Father has made use of the Testimony of another Upon this being chosen King he immediately dissolves the Duodecimvirate and according to the custom of other Princes makes choice of some Noblemen for his own Service He likewise orders two Crowns a Scabbard a Chain and Scepter and such other Regal Ornaments to be made for him forthwith of the best Gold. Then he appoints certain days in which he would give a Publick Hearing to all those who had a mind to address themselves to him As often as he appear'd abroad he was attended with his Officers and Lords of his Houshold Two young Men rid immediately behind him He on the right hand carried a Crown and a Bible the other a drawn Sword. His principal Wife appear'd in the same State for we are to observe he had several Wives at the same time In the Market-Place there was a high Throne erected for him cover'd with Cloth of Gold. The Causes and Complaints which were brought before him usually related to Matrimony and Divorces than which nothing was more frequent insomuch that some who had liv'd together many years were then separated Now it happen'd that when the People press'd to hear Causes and stood very close in the Market-Place Knipperdoling springs out of a sudden and climbing the Crowd runs upon their Heads on his Hands and Knees and breathing in their Faces The Father saies he to each of them has sanctified thee receive the Holy Ghost Another day he leads up a dance before the King This is my custom saies he sometimes with my Concubine but now the Father has commanded me to do it in the Kings Presence But when he over-acted his part and would not give over his Majesty of Leyden took pet and went away As soon as he was gone Knipperdoling mounts the Throne and sets up for King himself but his Majesty coming by tumbles the Fellow down and lays him in Limbo for three days During the Siege these Anabaptists write a Book and publish it which they call The Restitution In this Book among other things they affirm That the Kingdom of Christ is to Commence in such a manner before the last Judgment that the Godly and the Elect shall Reign the Wicked being every where destroy'd They affirm likewise That it 's lawful for the People to turn the Magistrates out of their Office that though the Apostles had no Authority to Challenge such a Jurisdiction yet those who are the present Ministers of the Church ought to take the Sword into their own hands and new-mould the Commonwealth by force To this they added That no Person who was not a true Christian ought to be tolerated in the Church farther That no Body could be saved unless they resigned all their Fortune to the Publick Use without reserving any Property to themselves Luther and the Pope they said were false Prophets but Luther worse than the other Lastly That the Marriage of those who were not enlightned with true Faith was polluted and impure and to be accounted Fornication or rather Adultery more than any thing else These Tenents of theirs were principally oppos'd by Melancthon Justus Menius and Vrbanus Regius who publish'd very large and satisfactory Treatises upon this Subject Some few weeks after the new Prophet I mention'd before sounds a Trumpet through all the Streets and commands them to meet armed at the Porch of the Cathedral for the Enemy was to be beaten off the Town When they came to the place of Randevouz they found a Supper prepared They are ordered to sit down being about four thousand of them afterwards about a thousand others sit down who were upon Duty while the first number were at Supper The King and the Queen with their Houshold-Servants wait at the Table After they had eaten and Supper was almost done the King himself gives every one a piece of Bread with these words Take eat shew forth the Lord's death The Queen in like manner giving them a Cup Bids them shew forth the Lord's death when this was over the Prophet before-mention'd gets into the Pulpit and asks them If they would obey the Word of God When they all told him Yes It is the Command of the heavenly Father saies he that we should send out about eight and twenty Teachers of the Word who are to go to the four Quarters of the World and Publish the Doctrin which is received in this City Then he repeats the Names of his Missionaries
when need should require might rebuke them mildly and so correct them as not to give Ground to the least Suspicion that they endeavoured to stop the Course of the Gospel That such as did not take Admonition should not go un punished That in the last place they would make it their Business That Printers should print no new things for the future and that some Holy and Learned Men appointed for the Purpose by the Magistrates within their several Jurisdictions should peruse and examine what came from the Press and that what they disapproved should not be sold That these things seemed to them proper for uniting People's Minds and setling a Reformation For that though all things were not out of hand reformed yet some Progress might in the mean time be made therein till the rest should be determined by the Authority of a Council That whereas among other things his Legate had spoken of Priests who married Wives because there was no Punishment appointed for them by the Civil Law it seemed not amiss to them That such as had offended that way should suffer according to the Prescript of the Canon Law. To conclude they pray his Holiness to take in good part their Judgment as to those several things for that it proceeded from a true and sincere Mind which tendered the Publick Wel-fare and concerned the Dignity of the Holy See. About this Time there happened a great Alteration of Affairs in Denmark which was briefly thus Christiern the first of that Name King of Denmark Norway and Sweden had two Sons John and Frederick upon the Death of the Father John succeeded who had Wars with the Swedes that had rebelled however the Quarrel was taken up and ended John had a Son named Christiern who at six Years of Age was proclaimed King and upon the Death of his Father six and twenty Years after succeeded to the Crown in the Year of our Lord 1514. During his Reign the Swedes again rebelled and set upon one Steno Stura to be their Governour King Christiern in the mean time employed all his Force against them and after many Battles and Sieges at lenth obtained the Victory causing the Body of Steno who had been killed in Battle to be raised out of the Grave and Burnt And this happened in the Year 1520. The Swedes being thus subdued one Gustavus Erixon a Nobleman of the Kingdom incited as it is believed and aided by the Lutbeckers again stirred them up to Rebellion and that successfully too At first he pretended to act for the Children of Steno but growing stronger he invaded the Throne and to confirm his Title married the Daughter of Steno Christiern having lost this Province was ill beloved at home also for he governed tyrannically and by his Cruelty offended all his Subjects Wherefore fearing that these Clouds which were a gathering might at length break out into a Storm to his ruine and destruction and the rather because the Lubeckers and his Unkle Frederick were arming against him this Year which was the ninth of his Reign he fled with his Children and Queen Isabel the Sister of Charles the Emperour and arrived first in Zealand a Province belonging to his Imperial Majesty Immediately after the States of the Kingdom assembling and and being assisted by the Lubeckers created Frederick his Unkle Duke of Holstein an aged Man their King and then having published a Declaration to the Emperour the Pope and to the rest of the Princes of the Empire they give Reasons for what they had done accusing him of most grievous Crimes for which they said he was justly Banished Frederick did the same which was imitated by the City of Lubeck a Commonwealth of the greatest Power and Authority in all those Parts But Christiern finding an able Pen-men Cornelius Skepper a Flemming a very learned Man answered the Accusations that were brought against him and begged Assistance from the States of the Empire assembled at Norimberg He had one Son whom the Emperour afterwards took and two Daughters Dorothy and Christian The same Year his Friends and Relations undertook a War for his Restauration but in vain the Emperour being then engaged in a War with France The Popes Legate had accused the Ministers of the Church of Norimberg of Preaching impious and unsound Doctrin and demanded that they might be committed to Prison But the Princes told him that they believ'd he had been misinform'd That the Preachers also were highly honoured and esteemed by the people so that if any thing were attempted against them the Mobile would look upon it as done purposely to suppress the Truth which might cause some insurrection That nevertheless they would appoint a Committee to enquire into all matters for the future and do whatever should be thought just and reasonable When they had in this manner answer'd all demands they on their parts proposed what they would have had done by the Pope and the Bishops in Germany and drew up their grievances into certain Heads and Articles which they delivered to the Legate praying the Pope that since the things they complained of were altogether unjust and could no longer be suffered that his Holiness would with all speed abolish them for that otherwise they themselves must needs take some course to shake off from them that burden and recover their ancient Liberty They had made the same complaint in the Diet at Wormes and having presented the same Articles to the Emperor they prayed him to interpose his Authority Neither did they at that time conceal those things from the Bishops who having hitherto made no reformation therein they made their application to the Pope because as we said before he had given them ample and generous Promises by his Legate Now the things which they desired might be redressed were all such as encroached upon the rights and liberties of the Princes drained Germany of Money and kept men under most heavy Bondage As to the Tribute payed by the Clergy the case in short is this The power of the Pope daily increasing and growing to a head among other ways of raising Money this also was found out That the Bishops and other Ecclesiastical Persons should according to the Rate of their Benefice pay such a Summ of Money yearly to the Pope which was commonly called First-Fruits and Tenths Some do ascribe this Device to Pope John XXII and others to Boniface IX the pretext was Specious and Popular to wit That there might always be a Treasure in readiness to be employed in the Wars against the Saracens and Turks And because at that time the Authority of the Popes was a Sacred thing they easily persuaded all People the English only excepted who for small Benefices refused to pay Now this Law continued in Force until the Council of Basil where because of the many Complaints brought from several Places concerning that a Decree past That no more Money should upon that account be exacted for the future
January where all should be present Afterwards Granvell himself came to Wormes accompanied by the Bishop of Arras his Son and some Spanish Divines Muscosa Malvenda and Carobello where having produced his Commission and the Emperor's Instructions in the Assembly he made a Speech on the Five and Twentieth Day of November And excusing the Emperor and King Ferdinand that they could not be present he enlarged upon the paternal Care and Affection that the Emperor had for the publick who desired nothing more earnestly than that long and inveterate Dissension might be removed which was very pernicious both to Church and State That he made no doubt but they themselves were sensible of the present Calamity and thought it necessary that there should be a Reformation in the Church That nothing therefore would more concern them in Duty than to prevent the spreading of this Evil by their sound and pious Counsels For that as when a Fire broke out in a City it is the Inhabitants part to quench it even so were they now to do that Peace and Concord might be re-established That moreover they should ponder with themselves and set before their Eyes what an Inundation of Evils had by this Dissension broke in upon Germany For that not to mention the Blood and Slaughter Religion was banished Charity quite exstinguished in the Hearts and Minds of Men all the Beauty and Ornament of the ancient Catholick Church defaced and that in short the Eloquence of no Mans Tongue was able to express the greatness and extent of the misery That Germany had heretofore flourished in Zeal for Religion and in all kinds of Vertue but that now it was sadly degenerated and looked upon as the Head and Source of all the Disorders of Christendom That unless then a Remedy were applied to this Distemper all things would grow worse and worse and run to ruine And that as the Emperor had appointed this Conference for examining the Truth and advancing the Glory of God so were they to bring along with them no ambitious nor covetous Minds but pious and moderate Dispositions and look up only to Christ who now with out-stretched Arms desired the same of all of them That that was also the chief desire and wish of the Pope the most August Emperor and King Ferdinand that therefore he adjured them by the Death and Sufferings of Christ and all that was Holy and Sacred that they would mend and make whole again the seamless Coat of our Lord which was rent and torn all over being therein mindful of the Name of Christians which they took upon them in their Holy Baptism and being mindful also of the renowned Province of Germany their common and native Country For that unless they would be reconciled all the Evils that might afterwards ensue from that Obstinacy and Frowardness of Mind would be imputed to them but and if they managed that weighty Affair with Soberness and Modesty they would do God most acceptable Service and extreamly oblige the Emperor who would make it his Endeavours that the whole matter should be accomplished in the next Diet of the Empire After the Death of the Vayvode the Guardians and other Nobles sent Ambassadors to the Grand Seignior and recommended the Child to his Protection The Turk promised to defend him and sent him Presents King Ferdinand also understanding this sent Jerome a Laski who some Years before had Revolted from the Vayvode from Haguenaw to Constantinople as a fit person to make the Turk his Friend Returning afterwards Home he thought it best to begin a War before the Queen Dowager and the Guardians of the Child should be in a readiness Which being known at Constantinople Solyman committed Alaski to Prison as most privy to Ferdinand's Designs and at the same time sent Aid which being hindered by the Winter Weather came a little too late Next Day after Granvell had spoken they began to treat of Clerks and Notaries and on each Side Two were chosen carefully to take Notes of all that pass'd and keep them The Protestants appointed on their part Caspar Cruciger and Wolfgang Musculus both Divines On the Eighth of December after Thomas Campeggio Bishop of Feltri the Popes Legate made a Speech and having promised some things concerning Peace which Christ so much recommended to us and lamented also the Condition of Germany some Popes said he and especially Paul III. had already essayed all Means to have delivered it from this Calamity and had therefore called a Council lately at Vicenza But that when after some Months Expectation none came to it it had been of necessity put off to another time That now the Emperor the eldest and most obedient Son of the Church the Protector also and Advocate of the same had appointed this Conference as a certain preparatory Prelude to the Proceedings of the future Diet at Ratisbone And that with his Will and Consent and by Command of the Pope he was come thither and earnestly intreated them that they would direct all their Counsels to Unity and Concord For that the Pope would do any thing in order thereunto that he could with Safety to Religion The Presidents and Moderators of the Assembly made this Law at first That the Acts of the Conference should not be communicated to any Man unless he were appointed to be one of the Number and that they should not be made publick neither before a full Report of all were made to the Emperor Then they required the Protestants to produce in Writing those Heads of Doctrine which they were fully resolved to stick to There was a long Debate betwixt them about these things as also concerning the Form of the Oath the Number of the Coâ—â—ocutors and the way of giving their Voices For when the Catholicks perceived that the Deputies of the Elector Palatine the Elector of Brandenburg and Duke of Cleve favoured the Protestants they were afraid they should be out-voted and therefore purposely drove off the Time from Day to Day until they should have other Orders from the Emperor as shall be said hereafter So then on the Second of January they propounded new and strange Conditions as that Two Divines should be chosen out of the whole Number to reason about the Question proposed That their Arguments and Discourse being taken by the Clerks should be carried to the Presidents That the lesser Number should not be obliged to follow the Opinion of the greater unless the Emperor and States of the Empire decreed it should be so That the Clerks should not write down all the Discourse of the Conferrers but only their bare Opinions whether reconciled or controverted And that nevertheless the Decree of Ausburg and the like should still continue in Force On the contrary The Protestants demanded that since on both sides there were Twenty two appointed for the Conference every one might have Leave to speak their Minds And that not only the bare Opinions but also
over us he looks upon himself as God's Scourge and thinks none can escape his Vengeance Since then our Transgressions are most grievous what can we promise our selves or how shall we be able to stand out against him This is certainly the only remedy That all things are in the Hands of God It is God that giveth and taketh away Empires that smiteth and healeth again who invites us to Repentance by offering unto us the knowledge of his Word which he always does before he afflicts So sent he before the Prophet Jonas to the Ninevites and pardoned them when they Repented so was he favourable to Nebuchadnezzar King of Assyria when he followed the Counsel of Daniel We truly know no other Medicine most dread Sovereign than that the Word of God be purely taught and the People stirred up to amendment of Life that in confidence thereof they may withstand the Violence of the Turks for in the true worshipping of God all our safety consists Many Errors have crept into the Church it cannot be denied which being in this our time discovered have occasioned great Dissensions But in the late Diet of the Empire many Points of Religion have been agreed upon and for a certain time Peace given to Religion Besides the Bishops have been enjoined to reform the Abuses of their Churches Now if that accommodation be denied to us and if any one incurr danger for following those Heads of Doctrine which have been accorded it is obvious enough to think how grievous a thing that will be Wherefore we humbly beseech your Majesty to give command that the Gospel may be purely taught especially that Point of Doctrine which relates to Justification to wit That our Sins are pardoned through Christ alone In the next place that Men be exhorted to the practice of Charity and good Works which are as it were the Fruit and Signs of Faith Let them also be made afraid of Sin and accustomed to give God Thanks that through his Mercy we are by Jesus Christ delivered from Sin Death and Hell and made Inheriters of the Kingdom of Heaven In like manner that they who desire it may have the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper given them according to the Custom of the Primitive Church That Injunctions be also laid upon the Bishops that according to the late Decree of the Empire they reform what is amiss in the Church that they appoint able Ministers to instruct the People and not turn out sound Preachers as they have always done hitherto And though because of the inveterate corruption this Reformation cannot be brought about of a sudden yet the pure Administration of Doctrine and the Sacraments ought to take place in Churches because our Salvation dependeth thereupon and it is necessary it should be so that the People who are now ignorant and under no Discipline and has scarcely any tincture of the knowledge of God may be brought again into the right way for there are very many Churches altogether destitute whence it comes to pass that the common sort of People wholly degenerate into Paganism so that with much ado they can be restrained from it which with great grief and sorrow we now mention and therefore we pray your Majesty that in so pious and necessary a Mark you would not be wanting to us And let not your Majesty think that we so importunately beg this that we may thereby have greater Liberty or that we are given to Changes For we acknowledge that our Salvation rests only upon Christ that the knowledge of the Gospel is to be adorned by Holiness of Living and we own our selves to obey and serve you with our Lives and Fortunes Now seeing it is so we humbly pray that we may have the benefit of the Decree lately made and that they who shall follow the form of Doctrine mentioned by us before may not be molested in their Religion for by that means Ministers will be found for the Churches and your People will have greater courage to Fight against that most cruel Enemy who for our Impiety and Ingratitude hath by God's permission hitherto been so often Victorious and hath so many times triumphed over us This Petition was presented in the Name of the Nobility and States of Austria by Four and twenty Noblemen and Ten Cities amongst which was Vienna besides their Neighbours of Stiria and Carniola who therein joined with them To these things King Ferdinand made Answer That he was extreamly grieved for the Calamities they mentioned not doubting but they were the Judgments of God for the Sins and Wickedness of the People and that he had many times enjoined the Ministers of the Church diligently to exhort Men to the Amendment of Life But that it increased his Sorrow to find that his Endeavours had met with so little Fruit which was the Reason why lately before he departed from Lintz he had renewed the same Commands as was well known unto them That he never was against it neither but that the Word of God should be rightly taught according to the Tradition of the Apostles and Interpreters received and approved by the Church That he was still in the same Mind and never to the best of his Knowledge punished any Person for following this Form That at present also he would command the Churchmen that according to the last Decree of the Empire they would endeavour to banish Vice reform their Churches and employ able Doctors to teach the People That they themselves knew how zealously and painfully he had bestirred himself in endeavouring to quiet and compose this Difference about Religion That the same was now his chief Desire and that he had good Hopes that either in a General or National Council of Germany or else in a Diet of the Empire the whole Matter might be determined and brought to a Period and that therefore he promised himself the same thing of them That they would submissively wait for that Reconciliation and without attempting any Change or Innovation follow the Footsteps of their Forefathers walking in the old way of their Religion as well as of their Duty and Obedience and that they should not think the Decree of Ratisbone any way concerned them the Intent whereof was only that the Catholicks should continue in the old Religion and the Protestants in that which they followed at the time of the Accommodation untill the meeting of either of the Two Councils or the Diet of the Empire to be called within eighteen Months That since it was so he could not allow his People to act any thing to the contrary They again petition to the same Purpose but in few Words praying that the pure Worship of God may be established and the true Ministers of the Church brought into no Danger For that otherwise it was in vain for them to expect any Victory or good Success against the Turks A little after this died the Bishop of Naumburg and Julius Pflug whom we mentioned was by
relieve the Poor That in the chief Church the Mass of the Holy Ghost be said every Thursday and in time of Oblation all be intent upon the Priest and refrain from talking That the Bishops also live soberly use no luxury in their Tables and avoid all vain and idle Discourse accustoming their Families to do the like that in Speech Apparel and all their Actions they may appear honest and decent and that because it is the chief design of the Council that the darkness of Errour and Heresie which for so many Years have over-spread the World being dispersed the light of Truth may shine out all Men but especially the learned are admonished to consider with themselves what way chiefly that may be done That in giving their Opinions they should observe the Decree of the Council of Toledo act modestly not with clamour and noise not be contentious nor obstinate but speak what they have to say calmly and sedately The next Session was on the fourth of February In it nothing was done but that they made a Profession of their Faith and appointed the eighth of April for the next Session for many more were said to be upon their way to come to the Council they thought it fit then to stay for them that the Authority of the Decrees might be of the greater force Whilest these things were acting at Trent Luther being invited goes to the Counts of Mansfield to take up a difference that was betwixt them concerning their Bounds and Inheritance It was not indeed his custome to meddle in affairs of that nature having spent his whole Life in studies but seeing he was born at Isleben a Town within the Territories of Mansfield he could not refuse that Service to the Counts and his Native Country Before he arrived at Isleben which was about the end of January he was indisposed in health nevertheless he dispatched the Affair he was sent for and sometimes preached in the Church where he also took the Sacrament But on the seventeenth of February he began to be downright sick in his Stomach He had three Sons with him John Martin and Paul besides some Friends and amongst these Justus Jonas Minister of the Church of Hall and though he was grown now weak yet he dined and supped with the rest Discoursing of several things at Supper amongst other things he put the Question Whether in the Life to come we should know one another and when they desired to know his Opinion as to that What was the case said he with Adam He had never seen Eve but when God made her lay fast asleep but seeing her when he awake he asks not who she was or whence she came but says this is flesh of my flesh and bones of my bones Now how came he to know that but that being full of the Holy Ghost and endued with the true Knowledge of God he spake so after the same manner we also shall be renewed by Christ in the other World and shall know our Parents Wives Children and every thing else much more perfectly than Adam knew Eve. After Supper having withdrawn to Pray as his custom was the pain in his Stomach began to encrease Then by the advice of some he took a little Unicorns-horn in Wine and for an Hour or two slept very sweetly upon a Couch in the Stove when he awoke he retired into his Chamber and again disposed himself to rest after he had taken leave of his Friends that were present and bid them Pray to God said he that he would preserve to us the pure Doctrine of the Gospel for the Pope and Council of Trent are hatching Mischief All being hush'd he slept a pretty while but his Distemper increasing upon him he awoke after Midnight complaining of the stoppage of his Stomach and perceiving his end drawing nigh in these words he addressed himself to God. O God my heavenly Father and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ God of all Consolation I give thee thanks that thou hast revealed unto me thy Son JESUS CHRIST in whom I have believed whom I have confessed whom I have loved whom I have declared and preached whom the Pope of Rome and the multitude of the Vngodly do persecute and dishonour I beseech thee my Lord Jesus Christ receive my Soul O heavenly Father though I be snatched out of this Life though I must now lay down this Body yet know I assuredly that I shall abide with thee for ever and that no man can pluck me out of thy hands Not long after he had made an end of that Prayer having once and again commended his Spirit into the Hands of God he in a manner gently slept out of this Life without any bodily Pain or Agony that could be perceived And so Luther to the great grief of many died in his own Countrey which for many Years he had not seen the eighteenth of February The Counts of Mansfield desired indeed to have buried him within their Territories because there he had his Birth but by Orders from the Prince Elector he was carried to Wittemberg and five days after honourably buried there He was about Sixty three Years of Age for he was born the Tenth of November 1483. of honest and well-respected Parents John and Margaret His first Rudiments of Learning he had at home afterwards being sent to Magdeburg and Isenach he far outstript all of his Age. Next he came to Erfurdt and applied himself wholly to Logick and Philosophy and having stayed there some time without acquainting his Parents and Relations he put himself into a Monastery of Augustine Friers and bent his whole studies to Divinity abandoning the study of the Law to which he had addicted himself before Now there was a new University established at Wittemberg wherefore Stupitius whom we mentioned in the first Book being Rector thereof invited Luther that he might come and profess Divinity there He was afterwards sent to Rome by those of his Order that he might sollicite a Suit of Law that they had depending there and that was in the Year One thousand five hundred and ten Being returned home at the instigation of his Friends he took his Doctor 's Degree Duke Frederick being at the Charge of it How eloquent and fluent in Language he was his Works sufficiently testifie The German Language his own Mother-Tongue he much beautified and enriched and in it he merited greatest applause for he turned out of Latine into Dutch things that were thought could not be translated using most significant and proper words and in one single Diction sometimes expressing the emphasis of a whole Sentence In one place writing of the Pope how he had prophaned the Lord's Supper and caused Mass to be said also for the Dead he saith that with his Mass he had not only pierced into all the corners of the Christian World but even into Purgatory itself but he useth a Dutch word which represents a
Cardinals therewith and in name of the whole Empire to demand the continuation of the Council at Trent He ordered Mendoza also to do the same but the Pope took time to consider of it and having thought fit to consult you about the matter obtained from you a dubious crafty and captious Answer Besides he answers the Emperour oddly and shews sufficiently by his tergiversation that he is little concerned for the Publick for the cause of the removal ought to have been proved by credible Witnesses The Emperour King Ferdinand and the Princes by Letters and most ample Embassies declared what the mind of the States was concerning the Council but the Pope believed and preferred the Report of some mean and base People before the Testimony of all these How many tedious and irksome Journeys hath the Emperour made upon the account of the Council What Charges and Expences hath he been at And must all these be lost For most weighty and necessary causes was the Council both called and begun at Trent the Emperour and Germans demanding it and all other Christian Princes consenting thereunto so that unless the publick Authority of all States intervene it cannot be translated to another place for indeed there was no cause for the Translation only something invented for an excuse as some slight Feaver and badness of Air forsooth and for that purpose some Physicians were suborned but chiefly Serving-Maids and Cooks Now what a trifling cause that was the thing it self and the event declared You say that you went away without the Pope's knowledge and advice but the Letter he wrote to you and the Answer he gave the Emperour imply the quite contrary Certainly you ought not to have departed nor changed the place but with consent of the Emperour to whom it belongs to protect all Councils but you posted away in so much haste that ye rejected the Opinion of those who said that the Emperour and Pope ought first to be consulted Now if you must needs have been removing ye ought to have observed at least the Decrees of the Holy Councils and remained within the bounds of Germany that the Germans for whose cause chiefly the Council was called might safely come to it but now ye have chosen Bolonia a Town seated in the heart of Italy and under the Jurisdiction of the Church of Rome whither it is certain the Germans will not come and therefore have you chosen it that to the great prejudice and disgrace of Christendom the Council may be either dissolved or managed at your pleasure The Emperour therefore requireth and that most earnestly that you return to that place which pleased all before especially since all things are now safe and quiet and no more cause of any fear remains But if this you refuse I do here in the name and by command of the Emperour protest against this Translation of the Council as frivolous and unlawful and that all that has been done or shall be done therein is of no force nor effect I also publickly declare That that Answer of yours is silly and full of Lyes and that the prejudice and inconveniences which hereafter shall ensue to the Publick are not to be imputed to the Emperour but to you affirming withal that you have no Power nor Authority to remove the Council And because you neglect the publick Welfare the Emperour as Protector of the Church will take the care of that upon himself in so far as it is lawful for him by Law and the Canons of Holy Church When he had read over that Protestation he delivered a written Copy of it and desired it to be entered upon Record With that the Cardinal de Monte having highly commended the pious intentions of the Fathers called God to witness that they had wrong done them saying They were ready to suffer death rather than that such a practice should be brought into the Church that the Civil Magistrate might call or controul a Council when and how he pleased That the Emperour was indeed a Son of the Church but not the Lord and Master That he and his Colleagues were the Legates of the Apostolick See and did not refuse even then to render first to God and then to the Pope an account of their Commission That after all within a few days they should have an Answer to their Protestation Much about the same time Mendoza having received Instructions from the Emperour made a Protestantion to the same effect at Rome before the Pope and Colledge of Cardinals and in presence of all the Forreign Embassadours whom according to his Instructions he had invited to be Witnesses of it THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH BOOK XX. THE CONTENTS In the beginning it is hotly disputed whether Prussia belong to the King of Poland or rather to the Empire The Pope makes a large Answer to the Harangue that Mendoza made before The Emperour being informed of that and seeing but very little hopes of a Council causes the Book which is called the Interim to be made The Protector of England in a very long Letter to the Scots counsels them to Peace and demands their Queen Vogelsberg is beheaded The Emperour invests Duke Maurice in the Electorship which he had bestowed upon him in the Camp before Wittemberg Bucer refuses to subscribe to the Interim The Pope also publishes a Censure of it which many of the Electors and Princes also did and many refuse it though it was published by the Emperour The Duke of Saxony though a Prisoner with great magnanimity rejects it The Landgrave by Letters which were published from the Emperours Court seems to approve it that he may obtain his freedom Whil'st the Mass is abolished in England by Act of Parliament the free Towns of Germany are solicited to accept of the Interim and especially Strasburg which is pressed by Threats to do it WE have shewn in the former Books that Marquess Albert of Brandenburg did Homage to the King of Poland and altered the Government of Prussia for which he was Outlaw'd by the Imperial Chamber As also that the King of Poland had several times solicited the Emperour and rest of the States in the Publick Diets to reverse that Outlawry because he was his Vassal and under his Protection But since to this day nothing could be obtained and that by this Victory of the Emperours some greater danger seemed to be threatned the King of Poland sends an Embassy to this Diet whereof the chief was Stanislaus Alaski He in the month of January delivered to the Emperour and Colledge of the Princes a Speech in Writing whereof the substance was That the Cause of Prussia had been some times already debated but because it had been always put off to other Diets he was commanded to open it again that the King was in good hopes because of the civil Answers he had often received from them and of the equity of his Cause they would Consider his Affair yet not as
a publick Statute of the Empire they refused not to undergo any burden that should be imposed upon them by the Empire but that the present Case concerned the Salvation of their Souls and Life Eternal That besides the whole weight of the Decree fell upon good and Pious Men for that the Multitude and Rabble who slighted Religion cared not what was or might be enacted though no Man was to be compelled to embrace Faith That they doubted not but the Emperour was a Lover of Peace and Concord but that however if this course should be taken and Men be forced both to think and speak contrary to their Judgment it was very much to be feared lest such and so sudden a change might occasion great Stirs and Commotions That that Book had been framed by Learned Men of whom some had the knowledge of the truth as was apparent enough but that some others had soisted in many things that did not at all agree with the holy Scriptures and the Doctrine of the Fathers as might indeed be demonstrated if Men were allowed to speak That they had made no separation from the rest but that in the chief and fundamental Points of Doctrine they agreed with the true Church That therefore they again desire him to deliver the Letter to the Emperour that accordingly they may acquaint the Senate for that they had no other Instructions Upon that he began to speak a little more huffingly and urged home the Decree upon them then he made a Digression to other Matters and told them how it was talked amongst the great Men in France that the People of Strasburg would not admit of the Decree However that the short and the long of the Matter was that the Emperour expected a clear and positive Answer That no Man indeed was to be compelled to profess any Faith but that that was to be understood of those who were not Christians since they who deny the Faith that they have once received might be compelled by Fire and Faggot To these things the Deputies made Answer That they knew not what the French might talk but that there was no publick Act as yet past in the Senate nor any thing else done in that Affair but what they were not discoursing about That seeing then they would not report these things to the Emperour it was to no purpose to insist any longer and they would acquaint the Senate with what they had done That a Man might indeed be burnt to death but that he could not be forced to believe otherwise than he did And here ended the Conference The Deputies of the other Cities had been before dealt with much after the same manner they had been besides threatned a day prefixed to them by which they should bring their Answer and commanded to tarry till it should come from their Principals But no such thing was imposed upon those of Strasburg As to the Money which the Emperour desired might be raised for future Contingencies the States though they said it would lie heavy upon them yet assented to it They promised King Ferdinand also a Subsidy of an Hundred thousand Florins a year during the time of the Truce On the other hand they desired the Emperour that he would remove his Garisons and all things being now peaceable and quiet disband his Forces that lay quartered up and down and did much hurt both in Town and Country whereby he would relieve the poor People who made sad complaints thereof The Emperour made Answer That for weighty Considerations he could not at that time dismiss his Forces that as for any hurt that was done it was not with his knowledge nor allowance for since they were duly paid by him it was not reasonable they should wrong any body and that they knew to be his will and pleasure That something of that nature had already been brought to his Ears but that upon inquiry hardly any thing could be made out of it that nevertheless he would use all means that he might be certainly informed of the matter and that no Man should go unpunished if he were found to be guilty The States also refer it to the Emperour to Constitute the Imperial Chamber at that time and to add some more Judges to the number at his pleasure they themselves promising to defray the Charges of it This was the issue of the League which had been projected as was said before That all the Emperours Provinces in Germany and the Low Countries be under the Protection and Defence of the Empire and contribute to all publick Exigencies yet so as that they enjoy their own Laws and Jurisdiction and that on the other hand Germany may expect the same Help and Defence from the Provinces of the Emperour THE HISTORY OF THE REFORMATION OF THE CHURCH BOOK XXI The CONTENTS The Authors of the Book called the Interim are rewarded by the Emperour Many nevertheless do impugne it and upon that account the Duke of Saxony is accused Those of Constance are urged to receive that Book now published Ambushes laid to surprise the City which at length is forced to receive it The Strasburghers write to the Emperour about the Interim and at length admit of it A Sedition ariseth at Bourdeaux A Relation of the Despair of Francis Spira And the strange Conversion of Vergerio to the Reformed Religion The Queen of Scots is carried into France Magdenburg is by the Emperour offered as a prey to the strongest hand The State of England begins to be turbulent The Protector of the Kingdom is sentenced to death and beheaded The Citizens of Strasburg contend with their Bishop They of Wittemberg are by some accused as Adiaphâ—ists or Neuters who by their indifference and double dealing made way for the Popish Impiety Melanchton answers these Disputation in England about the Lords Supper The King of France is received at Paris Vervinus is beheaded The Emperour pursues the Magdenburgers with Edicts Pope Paul the Third dies and horrid things are reported of him The Conclave of Rome is described and the manner of Creating the Pope Mass is begun again at Strasburg An Edict published by the French King against the Lutherans Julius is elected Pope and makes Innocent a Youth who was exceedingly dear unto him a Cardinal ON the last of June the Dyet was dissolved We told you in the Nineteenth Book that the Emperour had persuaded all to submit to the Council upon the assurance given them that he would take care it should be free and lawful Now therefore a Decree is made for the continuation of the Council at Trent the Emperour promising to use his endeavours that it meet there again as soon as conveniently can be Which being effected he requires all especially Churchmen and those of the Augustane Confession that they repair thither upon the safe Conduct that he should give them for that there all matters should be Piously and Christianly debated and determined according to the holy
thousand Horse and a great number of Peasants who being inraged at the Spoil of their Country were desirous of an opportunity to Revenge their Losses This being known to Thermes who expected the Duke of Guise every day according to his order he recollected his scattered Forces and although he was not well took Horse and posted to his Camp near Graveling being very solicitous though too late to secure his Retreat to Calais Count Egmont being now at his heels with his Forces A Council of War was thereupon held in the Night and it was resolved that the French should take the advantage of the Ebb the next Day and march by the Sea-shore towards Calais They passed the River Aa that Morning without any difficulty at the Low-water which Egmont observing he passed it too and met the French. Thermes who saw now there was no security but in their Valour having the Sea to the North the Dike of Boulaie on his Back and the Enemy on his Front and Side thereupon drew up his Men in the order of Battel being secure on two Sides to the South which was his left-hand he placed his Wagons and planted his Field-pieces in the Front which consisted in six Culverins and three Faulcons and on his Wings he placed his Horse that they might cover the Gasconers who were in the Front the other French were in the Middle and the Germans in the Reer Count Egmont had for haste left all his Cannon on the other side of the River and would not stay for it fearing the French might in the mean time escape him dividing his Horse into five Parts he commanded the Light Horse to begin the Fight his Foot were divided into three Parts according to their Nations Flemings Germans and Spaniards He himself was one of the first that charged the Gasconers who at first stood their ground stoutly and Count Egmont's Horse was slain under him but his Army being most in number when they came to close Fight Horse to Horse and Foot to Foot the Flemings being much encouraged by the hopes of Victory and the French despairing of any other Escape the Fight was a long time doubtful the Gasconers fought manfully the Germans were only Spectators and the French Horse could do little for want of Ground in the very heat of the Battel twelve English Ships coming up put an end to the Fight by gauling the French on the Right Wing with their Canon on that side they thought themselves most secure Fifteen hundred were kill'd in the Fight and many more perished in the Flight being knock'd on the head by the Peasants who were inraged by their Rapins others were drown'd and Thermes Villebone Senarpont the Count of Chaulness and Merviliers were taken Prisoners and the English Fleet took up Two hundred in the Sea and carried them into England to the Queen This Victory cost the Flemings Five hundred Men and was gain'd the Thirteenth of July The Duke of Guise hearing of this Defeat return'd to Pierre-pont in the Borders of Picardy and Champagne the Twenty eighth of July that he might be ready at hand to prevent any Attempt might be made on France The Townsmen meeting as the Custom is in a place call'd the Scholars Field without the Suburbs of St. German near Paris a few of them who were addicted to the Protestant Religion began to sing David's Psalms in French Metre thereupon the People began to leave their Sports and joyning with them sung the same Psalms After this a greater number and among them Anthony King of Navarr and Jonae his Lady who was already suspected to favour that Religion fell into the same Practice The Clergy were much allarm'd at this affirming that this new Invention was design'd to bring the ancient Custom which they had received from the Church of Rome their Mother of singing the Publick Service in the Latin Tongue into contempt by introducing the use of one understood by the meanest of the People Whereupon they represented this as very Seditious to the King who order'd an Enquiry after the Authors of it to be made and forbad the Use of this Custom for the future on pain of Death About the same time News was brought of the arrival of an English Fleet of an Hundred and twenty Ships upon the Coast of Normandy under the Lord Clinton Haure de Grace and Diepe being feared they sent the President of Boulogn to take care of those Places but the Fleet went on and at Conquet a Port of Britain the Thirty first of July they landed an Hundred and fifty Pesants at first opposing them but Seven thousand Men being landed and the Ships with their Cannon playing upon them the Inhabitants left the place and fled The English entred the Town and plundred it but Kersimont the Governor of that Province coming up with Six thousand which he had hastily raised he forced the English with the loss of Six hundred of their Men to return on board their Ships about an Hundrd of them fell into the hands of the French and among them one Hollander who told the Fnench that thirty Dutch Ships under the Command of one Wakenheim had joyn'd this Fleet at the Isle of Wight by the order of King Philip and that they were ordered to take Brest which the French thereupon fortified and took great care of Whereupon the Lord Clinton finding no Good was to be done returned having made a very expensive and unprosperous Voyage The French by this time had got together a very great Army which the King saw drawn up near Pierre-pont and King Philip's was not less but then neither of these Princes were disposed to try the Hazards of the War any further and Montmorency having agreed for his Ransome at the rate of one hundred and sixty five thousand Crowns and being now grown old and averse from the Thoughts of War he and Christierna the Mother of the Duke of Loraine went to and fro between the two Princes to promote a Treaty of Peace Vendosme Vidame of Chartres who was made Governour of Calais after Thermes was taken Prisoner had a Design upon S. Omers but it was discovered and prevented In the middle of September Ambassadours from England France and Spain met at Cambray to treat of a Peace in good earnest and the first thing they agreeed upon was the withdrawing of the two Armies because they seemed very dissonant from the End of that Meeting The greatest Difficulty they met with was about Calais which the French were resolved to keep pretending it was an ancient Piece of their Dominions tho' lately recovered And the English on the other side would never consent to the Treaty if it were not restored But before this Contest could be brought to a conclusion Mary Queen of England dyed which ended the Controversie for the present and thereupon this Congress was dissolved and another Meeting appointed in the same Place in January following The fifth of November the English Parliament
met but in a very ill Temper On the seventeenth day of that Month the Queen dyed in the forty third Year of her Age when she had reigned five Years four Months and eleven Days Her Death was for some Hours concealed and then it was communicated to the House of Lords by the Lord Chancellour who sent for the House of Commons and the Lord Chancellour signified to them also the Queen's Death and both Houses presently agreed to proclaim Elizabeth her Sister Queen wishing her a long and a happy reign The great Thuanus contrary to his Custom passeth over Queen Mary without any Character he could say little that was good of heâ— and would say nothing that was ill Those of her own Religion are now so sensible of the Errors of her Government that they are more put to it for Apologies than Panigyricks on her Memory In Germany a Dyet was appointed to meet at Frankford the twenty fourth of February to which the Ambassadours named by Charles V before his Voyage into Spain came and delivered his Resignation of the Empire by which he had transferred his Authority to Ferdinand his Brother then King of the Romans to the Electors who after a short deliberation accepted the same and in a solemn manner elected and admitted Ferdinand to the Empire and afterwards crowned him After his return to Vienna he sent Martin Gusman his Lord High Chamberlain to Rome to acquaint the Pope with the Resignation of Charles V and his Advancement to the Empire and to assure his Holiness of his good Affections to that See. The morose Old Gentleman would not admit the Ambassadour but left the business to be discussed by the Cardinals who were appointed for that purpose who must needs make a great business of it and resolved That what had been done at Frankford was of no Validity because the Holy See had not consented to it and Christ's Vicar who was entrusted with the Keys of the Celestial and Terrestial Government without whose Consent neither Charles could be discharged from the Empire nor Ferdinand be admitted That no Resignation or Deprivation could be made to or by any other than the Pope Besides what was done at Frankford had been transacted by Men infected with Heresie who had lost all that Grace and Power which belonged to them whilst they were Members of the Church of Rome That therefore Ferdinand was to appear within three Months before the Pope's Tribunal to answer for his Misdemeanours and to shew his Repentance and then without doubt he would obtain Pardon from this meek Father With much more to the same purpose Ferdinand was of another Temper and ordered his Ambassadour to return if he were not admitted within three Days leaving a Protestation behind him This a little quelled the Pope who admitted him to a Private Audience the thirteenth of July when the Pope excused himself for not having granted his Request sooner for want of Leisure and Time to examine all the Difficulties which were proposed in this Affair by the Cardinals and seeing his Lordship could stay no longer at Rome he might return when he pleased and he would send an Ambassadour to the Emperour so he called Charles V notwithstanding his Resignation as soon as was possible And thus this thing stood till the Death of Pope Paul III. Charles V late Emperour of Germany being at last overpowered by the many Diseases which oppressed him died the twenty first of September In this Prince saith Thuanus Fortune and Virtue strove to Crown his Deserts with the utmost degree of Temporal Felicity And for my part I take him for the best Pattern which can possibly be given of a virtuous Prince in this or any former Age. His last Words were these Continue in me my dear Saviour that I may continue in thee He lived fifty eight Years six Months and twenty five Days and was Emperour of Germany thirty six Years Thuanus saith of him That no part of his Life was destitute of some commendable Action yet he shew'd the greatness of his Soul most visibly in the close of it Before he was wont to conquer others in this he overcame himself and reflecting on a better Life renounced this present which was lyable to so many Chances before he dyed and having so many Years lived to the good of others began now to live only to God and himself In all that two Years which went next before his Dissolution he lived in the Society of some Monks of the Order of S. Jerome and by the Advice of one Constantin his Confessor applied himself chiefly to the reading of S. Bernard and fixing his Soul only on God thus he argued That he was unworthy by his own Merits to obtain the Kingdom of Heaven but his Lord God who had a double Right to it that of Inheritance from his Father and that of the Merits of his Passion was content with the first as to himself and has left the second to me by whose Gift I may justly claim it and trusting to this Faith I shall not be ashamed For neither can the Oyl of Mercy be put in any other Vessel than that of Faith That this is the only Confidence of that Man who forsakes himself and relies upon his Lord That to trust any otherwise to ones own Merits was not of Faith but Perfidy That Sins were forgiven by the Mercy of God and therefore we ought to believe that none but God can blot them out against whom only we have sinned in whom is no sin and by whom alone our sins are forgiven us These Doctrins were afterwards thought in Spain to approach so near those of the Lutherans that his Confessor was burnt for an Heretick after he was dead and some others that were about him had hard measure after his Death on that account and Lucas Osiander affirms in express Terms That Charles V dyed a Lutheran in the Point of Justification Queen Elizabeth presently after her settlement dispatched Messengers to all the Princes of Christendom giving notice of her Sister's Death and her Succession and among them to the Pope also by Sir Edward Karn then Resident at Rome His Holiness in his usual Stile replyed That England was held in Fee of the Apostolick See That she could not succeed being illegitimate nor could he contradict the Declarations made in that matter by his Predecessors Clement VII and Paul III He said it was a great boldness in her to assume the Crown without his Consent for which in Reason she deserved no Favour at his Hands Yet if she would renounce her Pretentions and refer herself wholly to him he would shew a Fatherly Affection to her and do every thing for her that could consist with the Dignity of the Apostolick See. It was great pity this generous Pope should fall into such Heretical Times his great Soul would certainly have wrought Wonders before the Days of Luther but now alass all this Papal Meekness
fit to receive Supplies and a Place that might serve the French Companies for a Refuge if they should happen to be reduced to any great streight This was done about September as appears by a Letter of the Nobility about it in that Month. The Regent's Reputation was by this time at so low an Ebb that nothing she said was believed and all she offered suspected About this time M. Pelleuce Bishop of Amiens afterwards Bishop of Sens arrived at Leith attended by three Doctors of the Sorbon Furmer Brochet and Feretier he pretended he came to dispute with the Preachers of the Congregation and he sent to some of the Nobility residing then at Edinburg desiring a Hearing But for fear their Arguments might not prove so effectual as was expected Le Broche a French Knight came over at the same time with two thousand Foot to reinforce their Sylogisms The Congregation-Nobility reject however their armed Logick and would have nothing to do with them The Eighteenth of October the Lords assembled their Forces at Edinburg and the Regent with the Bishop of St. Andrews Glasgow Dunkeld and the Lord Seaton the same day entred Leith And some Messages having pass'd betwixt them they proceeded so far at last as to suspend the Queen-Regent's Commission discharging her of all Authority till the next Parliament prohibiting the Officers to serve under her or by colour of her Authority to exercise their Offices from thenceforth This Decree bears Date the Twenty third of October The Twenty fifth they summoned the Town of Leith commanding all Scots and Frenchmen to depart within twelve hours But failing in this Attempt the Regent took Edinburg and restored the Mass there and all those of the contrary Religion were forced to flee into England or where they could find shelter Hereupon the Queen sent for more Forces and the Marquis d' Elboeuf was sent from Diep with eighteen Ensigns of Horse which were dispersed at Sea by Tempest so that he arrived not at Leith before the Spring of the next year The Lords retired first to Sterling and then to Glasgow where they reform'd all things after their usual manner and in the mean time they sent William Maitland and Robert Melvil to Queen Elizabeth where at last they obtained what they designed in the manner I have express'd The French hearing this resolved to suppress the Lords before the English should come up to their Assistance and thereupon began to waste and spoil the Country to Sterling but though they met with little Resistance yet they could not attain their End. In February an Agreement was made between the English and the Scotch Commissioners sent by the Lords for the Preservation of the Scotch Liberties and Freedoms from a French Conquest and for the Expulsion of the French Forces out of Scotland the Articles of which were Sign'd the Twenty seventh of that Month. About this time the English Fleet under Captain Winter came up and took all the French Ships in the Fyrth of Edinburg which much amazed the French who were then marching for St. Andrews by the Sea-side whereupon they returned to Leith About the same time the Lords of the Congregation reformed Aberdene but the Earl of Huntley coming up in good time saved the Bishop's Palace which had else been reformed to the Ground The English Land-Forces to the number of two thousand Horse and six thousand Foot entred Scotland under the Command of the Lord Gray in the beginning of April The English at first beat the French into Leith and battered the Town very diligently but remitting in their Care and Industry the French made a Sally out of Leith and cut off a great number of the English which made them more vigilant The last of April a Fire happened in the Town which burnt the greatest part of it with much of the Soldiers Provisions The Seventh of May the Town was Storm'd but the Ladders proving too short an hundred and sixty of the English were slain and nothing was gain'd Soon after there came up two thousand English more In the mean time the French King sent to Queen Elizabeth that if she would withdraw her Army out of Scotland he would restore Calais to her To which she replied She did not value that Fisher-Town so much as to hazard for it the State of Britain Thereupon the French perceving no Peace could be had without the French were recall'd out of Scotland and disdaining to treat with the Scots who were their Subjects they began a Treaty with the Queen of England In the mean time Mary of Lorain Queen Regent of Scotland died in the Castle of Edinburg the Tenth of June partly of Sickness and partly of Displeasure Before her Death she sent for the Duke of Wastellerand the Earl of Argile Glencarne Marshall and the Lord James and bewailing the Calamities of Scotland prayed them to continue in Obedience to the Queen their Soverign and to send both the French and English out of the Kingdom so asking their Pardon and granting them hers she took her leave with many Tears kissing the Nobility one by one and giving the rest her Hand to kiss She was a Wife Good Religious Princess full of Clemency and Charity and would doubtless have prevented the Calamities of Scotland which befel there in the end of her days if she had been left to her own Measures but being governed by the Orders of France she was forced to do and say what she did to her great dishonour and disquiet which too at last ended in the Ruine of those she most desired to Promote as it always happens in Breach of Faith. She would often say That if her own Counsel might take Place she doubted not but to compose all the Dissention within that Kingdom and to settle the same in a perfect Peace upon good Conditions Soon after her Death or as Thuanus saith a little before it Embassadors from France and England came to Edinburg who sending for the Scoth Nobility began to treat about the sending the French out of Scotland which was at last agreed and the Sixteenth of July the French embark'd on the English Fleet for France and the English Army the same day began their march by Land for Berwick and the Fortifications of Leith and Dunbar were dismantled but sixty Frenchmen were left to keep the Castle of Dunbar and the same number the Isle of Inchkeeth until the States should find means to maintain the said Forts upon their own Charges from all Peril of Foreign Invasion In August the Parliament met which established a Confession of Faith contrary to the Roman Religion and pass'd three other Acts one for Abolishing the Pope's of Jurisdiction and Authority another for Repealing the Laws formerly made in favour of Idolatry and a third for the Punishing the Hearers and Sayers of Mass and with these Acts Sir James Sandelands was sent into France for the Royal Assent of the King
Though the Edict of July had forbidden all Meetings of the Protestants yet their Number daily increasing and with it their Confidence not only Sermons were openly made but the Priests were in many places forcibly expell'd and the Churches seized for the use of the Ministers which gave being to the Edict of the 3d of November for the Restitution of those Churches upon pain of Death which by the Perswasion of the Ministers themselves was obeyed throughout the Kingdom But when notwithstanding Men seem'd rather enraged than appeased by the Edict of July and the Conference of Poissy was broken up without any effect there being every day news brought of new Commotions they began to think of some more effectual Remedy which that it might meet with the greater approbation and by consequence be the more universally executed the Presidents and some chosen Members of all the Parliaments of France were summon'd before the King to St. Germain by whose Advice it was to be drawn and Moddel'd Upon which the Cardinal of Lorrain and the Duke of Guise left the Court conceiving the thing would do it self now Montmorancy and the King of Navar had espoused that Interest About the same time there was a dreadful Tumult at Dijon whil'st the Protestants were assembled at their Sermon the Rabble thought fit to make themselves the Executioners of the Edict of July and having procured a Drum to beat before them they marched against the Huguenots but the Meeters made use of their Weapons and repell'd Force with Force The Rabble thereupon turn'd their fury against the Private Families and plundered several Houses There were also some Tumults at Paris on the same score and towards the end of the year all things tended to a general Revolution Having thus represented the State of Religion in all the rest of Christendom as shortly and as well as I can I return now to Scotland The Messengers they had sent into France to procure the Royal Consent to the Acts they had made in their last Parliament were no sooner return'd with a positive denial and a dreadful Reprimand which frighted and exasperated the Nation both at once but they had the Joyful News of the Death of King Francis II. to their great satisfaction and the no less affliction of the French Faction in that Kingdom On the other side the Nobility who had lent their Assistance to the Expulsion of the French immediately met at Edinburg and after a Consultation sent the Lord James to their Queen to perswade her to return into Scotland Lesley however prevented them and got to her some days before the Lord James She was then at Vitrie in Campaigne whither she was retired to lament her Loss His business was to bespeak her favour to the Catholick Party and return into Scotland The first she readily promised and as for the other she ordered him to Attend till she had resolved what to do It was soon after resolved that she should leave France so that the Lord James found her fixed to return when he came into France yet his Assuring her of the great desires the Nobility of Scotland had to see her there again much confirm'd her So she sent him back with Orders to see that nothing should be attempted contrary to the Treaty of Leith in her absence In March following M. Giles Noailles a Senator of Bourdeaux arrived at Leith with three Demands from the new King of France 1. That the old League between France and Scotland should be renewed 2. That the late Confederacy with England should be dissâ—lved 3. That the Church-men should be restored to all they had been deprived of But the Council replied That it did not befit them to treat of things of that Consequence before the Assembly of the States which was to be held the 21st of May when the Lord James made answer That the French and not the Scots had broke the old League by endeavouring to enslave them 2. That they could not violate the Treaty made with England and as to the third That they did not acknowledge those he interceded for to be Church men and that Scotland having renounced the Pope would no longer maintain his Priests and Vassals About the same time the Earls of Morton and Glencarn returned from England whither they had been sent with Assurances That the Queen would assist them in the Defence of the Liberties of the Kingdom if at any time they stood in need of her Help which was heard with much Joy. As the Lord James returned into Scotland he waited upon Queen Elizabeth and advised her to stop Queen Mary if she came by England as he expected she would 'till he had secured the State of Religion in Scotland for tho' she had promised She would continue all things in the State she found them ye he would not intirely rely upon her Promise having so often heard the old Maxim from the late Regent To make sure work therefore he procured an Act to be passed in this Convention for the Demolishing all the Cloysters and Abby Churches which were yet left standing in that Kingdom the Execution whereof as to the Western Parts was committed to the Earls of Arran Argile and Glencarn as to the North to the Lord James and as to the Inland Counties to some Barons that were thought the most Zealous Whereupon ensued a most deplorable Devastation of Churches and Church-buildings saith Spotiswood throughout all the Kingdom for every one made bold to put to their Hands the meaner sort imitating the Example of the greater and those who were in Authority No difference was made but all the Churches were either defaced or pulled down to the ground The Church Place and what ever Men could make Money of as Timber Lead and Bells were put to sale and the Monuments of the Dead the Registers of the Churches and Libraries were burn'd or destroyed and what escaped the Fury of the first Tumults now perished in a common Shipwrack and that under the colour of publick Authority John Knox is said to have very much promoted this Calamity by a Maxim he published That the sure way tâ— drive away the Rooks was to pull down their Nests which in probability he meant only of the Monks but now their Hands were in was extended to all the Church Buildings Noailles was then in Scotland and carried the News of this dreadful Reformation to the Queen into France She was much enraged at it and said to some of her Confidents that she would imitate Mary Queen of England but however she had wit enough to dissemble her Resentment for the present In order to her return she left Vitri and went to Paris and having waited upon the King and Queen-Regent to take her leave of them she took her Journy towards Calais Queen Elizabeth had sent the Earl of Bedford to condole the Death of Francis her late Husband and to desire her Ratification of the Treaty of
Liberty ibid. She thanks Conde for his good Service 75. She treats with him 75 79. She feareth the Duke of Guise after the battle of Dreux yet makes him General 81. After he was slain she more earnestly desired a Peace than before 83. She excuses the Peace when made 91. She complains of the proceedings in the Council of Trent 94. Catzenello bogen resigned 13. Cavii 11. Charles V. Emperor resigns Spain and the Empire 5. Goes into Spain 7. His Letter to his Son 15. His Death and Character 23. Charles the IX King of France succeeds his Brother 47. Carried by force to Paris 72. Is declared out of his Minority at fourteen years of Age 99. Charles Cardinal Caraffa strangled 64. Christian King of Denmark dies 26. The Church ever pure and spotless 51. Civitella a small City in Italy baffles the French 10. Coligni Admiral of France taken in St. Quintin 15. Suspected to be in the conspiracy of Bloys 43. Recommends a toleration as necessary 44. Delivereth a Petition for the Proâ—estants 45. Made General after the Battle of Dreux 81. Disownes the having any hand in the Murder of the Duke of Guise 83. Dislikes the Peace of Orleans 84. Colonna mark Antony 8. Conde Lewis the concealed head of the conspiracy of Amboys 42. Detained for it 43. Leaves the Court 44. Imprisoned 〈◊〉 Orleans 47. Freed upon the Death of the King 48. Acquitted in the Parliament of Paris 56. Reconcil'd to the Duke of Guise 58. The Queen desires his Protection 71. He declareth a War against the Catholick Lords 73. Taken at the battle of Dreux 80. Makes a Peace at Orelans 84. The Conference of Poissy resolved on 58. Began 59. One at Wormes 13. Conquet in Britain taken by the English 21. The Conspiracy of Bloys 42. Discovered first by a Protestant 43. Constantio Confessor to Charles V. burnt after he was dead for Heresie 35. The Copthites pretend submission to the Pope 57. Cosmus Duke of Florence obtains the possaession of Siena 10. Procures a Peace for the Duke of Ferrara 11. And the Assembling of the Council of Trent 49. Ruines the Power of the Caraffa's 26. Councils are not to change the Doctrines or Customes of the Church 45. A National Council decreed in France 46. That of Trent procured to avoid it 49. Recall'd 62. Writ against by Vergerius ibid. Protested against by the Protestant Princes of Germany 63. Opened 86. Complained of by the Queen of France 94. Accused for invading the Rights of Princes 95. Protested against by the French ibid. 96. Ended and Censured 96. The reason why it had no better Success 97. D DAvid George a famous Anabaptist his Life Doctrine and Death 28 29. Diepe taken by the Protestants 74. Surrendred 78. Diana Dutchess of Valentinois 30. Dietmarsh conquered 26. Diets at Ratisbonne 12. At Augsbourg 27. At Naumburg 63. At Francfort 89 13. At Brisgow 89. A Disputation rejected when enforced by an Army 41. Doway attempted by the French 9. Dreux the battle of 80. Dunbar dismantled 42. Dunkirk taken by the French 20. E EGmont Count General at Graveling 21. Elizabeth Queen succeeds 22. Is severely treated by the Pope 23. She at first refuseth but at length leagues with the Protestant Scots 40. She is kind to Mary of Scotland 67. And after this Leagueth with the Prince of Conde 77. She rejects the Council of Trent 64. And the Council designed to depose her 90. The Question Whether Episcopacy is of Divine Institution Debated in the Council and rejected 87. Erick King of Sweden succeeds Gustavus his Father 49. Is Crowned 64. F FAith not to be kept with Hâ—reticks 37. Broken by R. Catholicks 53 54. Designed to be broken when time serves 91. A Turkish Fleet sent to the Assistance of the French 19. The English Fleet make an unfortunate Expedition into France 21. One of LI. Ships attend Charles V. into Spain 7. A Fleet of 90. carries his Son Philip thither 35. The English fleet procureth the victory at Graveling 22. Ferdinand Brother of Charles V. His War in Transylvania and Hungary 4 5. The Resignation of the Empire to him 6. He is elected Emperor 22. He confirms the Peace of Passaw 12. 28. He gives a brisk answer to the French Ambassador ibid. He Solicites the Protestant Princes to submit to the Council of Trent 62. Paul IV. refuseth to acknowledge him to be Emperor 22. He expresses his dislike of the proceedings of the Council of Trent in a Letter to the Pope 90. Hindereth them from proceeding against Queen Elizabeth 96. Ferrara the Cardinal of 85. The Duke of Ferrara makes his Peace 11. His Death 36. Francis Otho Duke of Lunenberg dies 36. Francis II. Succeeds Henry II. his Father in France 33. Having before Married Mary Queen of the Scots 19. He is reported to have the Leprosie 34. Claims England in the Right of his Wife 38. Dies 47. Francford quarrels fatal 11. Frederick I. King of Denmark dies and is Succeeded by Frederick II. His Son 25. He conquereth Dietmarsh 26. His answer to the Popes Legate 63. Frederick III. Duke of Bauaria 36. G GUise the Duke of sent into Italy 10. Recalled 11. Made General in France 16. Takes Calais 17. But is the cause of the defeat near Graveling 20. He is made Lieutenant General of France 43. He procureth the persecution in France 30. Reconcil'd to Conde 58. Recal'd to Court by the K. of Navar 70 71. He frights the Queen into a Compliance with the R. Catholick Lords 72. Becomes General in the end of the Battle of Dreux 81. And is slain by one Poltrot before Orleans 82. Gran a City in Hungary surprized 5. Gustavns King of Sweden dies 49. Guines taken 18. H. HAly General of the Turkish Forces in Hungary his Actions Character and Death 4. Hamilton John Archbishop of St. Andrâ—â—s committed for hearing Mass 99. Havre de Grace surrendered to the English 77. Retaken by the French 98. Helinoa Queen of France dies 36. Henry II. King of France breaks his Oath by the Procurement of the Pope 9. He recovereth Calais out of the hands of the English 17. Zealous for the Roman Catholick Religion 20. He discovereth a secret design between him and K. Philip to the Prince of Orange 27. Is perswaded to persecute the Protestants of France 30. He is incensed against the Parliament of Paris 31. The Protestant Princes of Germany write to him 32. His Death and Character 33. His designs against England 38. K. Philip desireth a Peace that he may be at leisure to extirpate Heresie 27. All Hereticks to be persecuted with Fire and Sword 30 31. Faith not to be kept with such 53 54 91. Princes to be deposed for Heresie 92 93. Philip much commended for his Severity to Hereticks in the Council of Trent 91. No Peace to be made with such ibid. Dangerous to Government 51. Hospital made Chancellor of France 44. His Speech to the Assembly of Princes ibid. He assures the Clergy there should be a National Council