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A13820 The historie of foure-footed beastes Describing the true and liuely figure of euery beast, with a discourse of their seuerall names, conditions, kindes, vertues (both naturall and medicinall) countries of their breed, their loue and hate to mankinde, and the wonderfull worke of God in their creation, preseruation, and destruction. Necessary for all diuines and students, because the story of euery beast is amplified with narrations out of Scriptures, fathers, phylosophers, physitians, and poets: wherein are declared diuers hyerogliphicks, emblems, epigrams, and other good histories, collected out of all the volumes of Conradus Gesner, and all other writers to this present day. By Edward Topsell. Topsell, Edward, 1572-1625? 1607 (1607) STC 24123; ESTC S122276 1,123,245 767

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the veine vnder the tongue bathing his throate with a great deale of hot Water mixed with Brimstone and salt This disease in hogges is not knowne from that which is called Struma or the Kinges euill at the first appearance as Aristotle and Pliny write the beginning of this disease is in the Almonds or kernels of the throate and it is caused through the corruption of water which they drinke for the cure wherof they let them bloud as in the former disease and they giue them the yarrow with the broadest leaues There is a hearbe called Herba impia all hoary and outwardly it looketh like Rosemary some say it is so called because no beast will touch it this being beaten in peeces betwixt two tiles or stones groweth marueilous hot the iuyce thereof being mixed in milke and Wine and so giuen vnto the Swyne to drink cureth them of this disease and if they drinke it before they be affected therewith they neuer fal into it and the like is attributed to the hearb Trimity and Viola Martia likewise the blew flowers of Violets are commended for this purpose by Dioscorides Of the kernels THese are little bunches rising in the throate which are to bee cured by letting bloud in the shoulder and vnto this disease belongeth that which the Germans cal Rangen and the Italians Sidor which is not contagious but very dangerous for within two daies the beast doth dye thereof if it bee not preuented this euill groweth in the lower part or chap of the swines mouth where it doth not swel but waxing white hardeneth like a peece of horne through paine whereof the beast cannot eate for it is in the space betwixt the sore and hinder teeth the remedy is to open the Swines mouth as wide as one can by thrusting into it a round bat then thrust a sharp needle through the same sore and lifting it vp from the gum they cut it off with a sharp knife and this remedy helpeth many if it be taken in time some giue vnto them the roots of a kind of Gention to drinke as a speciall medicine which the Germans for that cause cal Rangen crute but the most sure way is the cutting it off and like vnto this there is such another growing in the vpper chappe of the mouth and to be cured by the same remedy the cause of both doth arise from eating of their meate ouer hot and therefore the good Swineheard must labour to auoid that mischiefe the mischiefe of this is described by Virgill Hinc canibus blandis rabies venit quatit aegros Tussis anhela sues as faucibus angit abesis Of the paine in their lunges FOr all maner of pain in their lungs which come by the most part from want of drink are to haue lung-wort stamped and giuen them to drinke in water or else to haue it tyed vnder their tongues two or three daies together or that which is more probable because it is dangerous to take it inwardly to make a hole in the eare and to thrust it into the same tying it fast for falling out and the same vertue hath the roote of the white Hellibor but the diseases of the lunges are not very dangerous and therefore the Butchers saith that you shall sildome find a Swyne with sound lungs or Liuers sometime it falleth out that in the lightes of this beast there wil be apparant certain white spots as big as halfe a Wallnut but without danger to the beast sometimes the lightes cleaue to the ribs and and sides of the beast for remedy whereof you must giue them the same medicines that you giue vnto Oxen in the same disease Sometimes there appeare certaine blathers in the liuer of water which are called water-gals sometimes this is troubled with vomiting and then it is good to giue them in the morning fryed pease mingled with dust of Iuory and brused salt fasting before they go to their pastures Of the diseases in the Spleene BY reason that this is a deuouring beast and through want of Water it is many times sicke of the Spleene for the cure whereof you must giue them Prewnes of Tameriske pressed into water to be drunke by them when they are a thirst this disease commeth for the most part in the summer when they eat of sweet and greene fruites according to this verse Strata iacent passim seuia quaeque sub arbore porna The vertue of these Prewnes of Tameriske is also very profitable agaynst the diseases of the Melte and therefore it is to be giuen to men as well as to Beastes for if they do but drinke out of pots and cups made out of the wood of the tree Tameriske they are easily cleared from all diseases of the Spleene and therefore in some Countries of this great tree they make hog-troughes and mangers for the safegard of their beastes and where they grow not great they make pots and cups And if a Hog do eat of this Tameriske but nine daies together at his death hee shall be found to bee without a Spleene as Marcellus writeth When they become loose in their bellies which happeneth to them in the spring time by eating of greene Hearbes they either fall to bee leane or else to dye when they cannot easily make water by reason of some stoppage or sharpnesse of Vrin they may be eased by giuing vnto them spurge-seed And thus much for the diseases of Swine For conclusion whereof I will adde heereunto the length of a Swynes life according to Aristotle and Pliny if it be not cut off by sicknesse or violent death for in their daies they obserued that Swyne did liue ordinarily to fifteene yeares and some of them to twenty And thus much for the natvre of Swyne in generall The medicines of the Hogge The best remedy for the bitings of venomous Serpents is certainly beleeued to be this to take some little creatures A●●us as pigs Cocks Kyds or Lambes and teare them in pieces applying them whiles they are hot to the wound as soone as it is made for they will not only expell away the poyson but also make the wound both whole and sound For the curing of Horsses which are troubled with the inflammation of the lungs Take a sucking pig and kill him neare vnto the sicke horse that you may instantly poure the blood thereof into his iawes and it wil proue a very quick and speedy remedy The panch of a sucking pig being taken out and mingled with the yolke which sticketh to the inner parts of the skin Marcellus and moystned both together doth very much ease the paine of the teeth being poured into that eare ●n which side the griefe shall lye The liquor of swines flesh being boiled doth very much help against the Buprestis The same is also a very good antidote against poyson and very much helpeth those which are troubled with the gout Cheese made of Cowes milke being very old so that it can scarce be eaten
giue them their belliful of drinke twice a day and generally we must not lead them to the waters as we do Goats and sheepe but when the heat of Summer is about the rising of the Dog-star we must keepe them altogether by water sides that so they may at their owne pleasure both drinke and lie downe to wallow in the mire and if the coasts be so dry that this cannot bee obtained or permitted then must they haue water set in troughes and vessels whereof they may tast at their owne pleasure for otherwise through want of water they grow liuer and lung sicke Columella The miery water doth most quickly make them fat and they will drink wine or beere vnto drunkennesse and in those countries where Grapes grow if the swine come into the vintage they grow drunke with eating of grapes Also if the Leeze of wine be mingled with their meat they grow fat aboue measure and sencelesse in their fat whereby it hath bin seene that a mouse hath eaten into the sides of a fat Hog without the resistance of the beast and the like is reported by Pliny of the sonne of L. Apronius who had bin a Consul for his bodie grew so fat that it was taken from him his body remaining immouable And in the spring time Swine of their owne accord grow so fat that many times they cannot stand on their legs their bodies be so heauy nor go any whit so that if they are to be remoued they are not to be drouen but to be carried in a cart Varro and Crescentiensis do report admirable things of the fatnes of swine For first Varro saith The great fatnes of swine that hee receiued knowledge from a credible honest man in Portugall of a Swine that there was killed the offall wherof with two ribbes was sent to Volumnius a Senatour which weighed twenty and three pounds and the fat betwixt the skin and the bone was a foot and three fingers thicke Vnto this he addeth the story of the Arcadian Sowe who suffered a mouse to eat into her fat and breed young ones therein after she made a nest which thing he likewise affirmeth of a Cow And Crescentiensis reporteth of an other Lusitenian Swine which after the death weighed fiue hundred seuenty and fiue pounds and the Lard of that Hogge was one foot and three fingers broad And the like may be said of a Hogge at Basill nourished by a certaine Oile-man in whose Larde or fatte after his death were found manie passages of mice too and fro which they had gnawed into his body without the sence of the beast The meat best manner to fatten Hogges Hogs growe fat in short time In auncient daies as Pliny writeth they put them vp to fatting threescore daies and first of all they made them fast three daies together after six daies they may senciblie be perceiued to grow fat There is not any beast that can better or more easilie be accustomed to al kinds of food and therefore doeth verie quicklie grow fat the quantitie and stature of their bodie considered for whereas an Oxe or Cowe or Hart and such like Beasts aske long time yet a Swine which eateth of all sorts of meate doth very quickely euen in a moneth or two or three at the most prooue woorthye the knife and also his maisters table although in some places they put them vppe to fatting a whole yeare together and how much they profit and gather in their feeding it is verye easie for them to obserue that daily keep and attend them and haue the charge and ouerseeing of them And there must be had great care of their drinke In Thracia after they put vp a Hog to fatting they giue him drinke the first daie and then let him fast from drink two daies and so giue him drinke by that proportion till the seuenth day afterwarde they obserue no more dyet for their Swine but giue them their fill of meat and drinke till the slaughter day In other Countries they diet them in this sort After Beanes and Pease they giue them drinke aboundantly because they are solide and harde but after Oats and such like as meale they giue them no drinke least the meale swimme vp and down in their belly and so be eiected into the excrements without any great profitte There is nothinge whereon it liueth but thereby it will grow fatte except grazing and therefore all manner of graine Millet seed Figges Acornes Nuttes Peares Apples Cucumbers Rootes and such things cause them to rise in flesh gratefully and so much the sooner if they bee permitted to roote now and then in the mire They must not be vsed to one simple or vnmingled or vncompounded meate but with diuers compounds for they reioyce in variety and change like other beastes for by this mutation of food they are not onely kept from inflamation and windinesse but part of it alway goeth into flesh and part into fat Some vse to make their stye wherein they are inclosed to be very darke and close Aelianus for their more speedy fatting and the reason is good because the beast is more apt to be quiet You shall haue Bakers that will fat their Hogges with bran and in Elsatia a country of Germany they fat them with Beane-meale for thereby they grow fat very speedily and some with barley meale wet with flat milke And in the Alpes they fat them with Whaye whereby their fat and flesh groweth more white and sweete then if they were fatted with Acorns yet whay is very dangerous for such is the rauening intemperancy of this beast to swil in whatsoeuer is pleasant to his taste that many times in drinking of Whaye their bellies growe extended aboue measure euen to death except that they bee dieted by a wife keeper and driuen vp and downe not suffered to rest till it flow foorth againe backeward Ba●ly is very nourishable to them whether it be sod or raw and especially for Sowes with Pigge for it preserueth the young ones til deliuery and at the farrowing causeth an easie and safe pigging And to conclude this part Millers and Bakers fat with meale and bran brewers with Ale or Barley steeped in Ale Oyle-men with the refuse of Nuttes and Grapes Some again there be that grew fat with the rootes of Ferne. Al●ertus When a Sow is very fat she hath alway but little milke and therefore is not apte to make any good tidie pigs and yet as all other beasts grow leane when they giue sucke so also doth swine Al swine in hot regions by reason of a viscous humor groweth more fat then in the cold regions In that part of Frisia neer Germany they fat Oxen and swine with the same meate for there you shal haue in one stable an Oxe and a Hogge tyed behind him at his taile for the Oxe being tied to the rack eateth Barly in the straw chaffe which he swalloweth down without chewing and so