then that comes to the Holy Communion with evil will or malice in his heart must needs be out of countenance as a man that wants the wedding Garment Matt. 22.11 But he whose soul is free from that unchristian vice he who is an enemy to none but delights in the happiness of all and is ready to assist whom he may he who loves his Neighbour as himself may approach with an humble confidence such a suitable temper will give him courage rational expectation and a modest assurance that his address will be accepted and his sins forgiven Finally and above all the particular necessity of universal Charity at the Holy Sacrament is grounded chiefly upon that passage of S. Paul 1 Cor. 10.16 17. The Cup of blessing which we bless is it not the Communion of the blood of Christ The bread which we break is it not the Communion of the body of Christ for we being many are one bread and one body for we are all partakers of that one bread In the 16th Verse you see the Apostle affirms that the faithful in the Holy Sacrament communicate together of the body and blood of Christ The bread which we break is it not the Communion of the body of Christ and from thence in the following words he infers the most perfect Love and Unity amongst themselves v. 17. For we being many are i. e. we ought to be one bread and one body why because we all partake of that one bread or loas which words of the Apostle may be understood in a double sense according to the several significations and constructions of the Holy Sacrament First The first interpretation of the 16th ver as this Supper of our Lord is the Christian Passover and bears an Analogy to the Jewish feast upon the Sacrifice of the Paschal Lamb which they are together after the Priest had presented and offered it up to God And to this the Sacrament succeeds and is understood as a perpetual feast upon the Sacrifice of our Blessed Saviour whose body was offered once for all Heb. 10.10 which body and blood we eat in the sign and figure to the end of the world by his own Command Christ our Passover says the same Apostle is sacrificed for us therefore let us keep the feast 1 Cor. 5.7 8. Now thus to eat and drink together at the Table The first interpretation of the 17th ver and upon the Sacrifice of our Lord engages us to one another in the strictest tyes of Love and Charity as children of the same Father redeemed by the same Lord co-heirs of the same inheritance fed at the same Table and nourished by the same Loaf which by common acceptation and fair construction is both a Token a Profession and a solemn League of Love and Friendship Again The second interpretation of the 16. v. according to the second Notion of the Holy Sacrament as it is an inward and spiritual grace a Seal of the New Testament a confirmation of all the blessings of the Gospel to every individual Person that accepts the terms and will fulfil the Counterpart the sense of the 16th Verse is this viz. that all who perform the Conditions required of them shall as surely enjoy the benefits of our Saviour's death as they partake of the visible signs thereof as they eat the Bread and drink the Wine by which it is shewed forth and represented The Cup of blessing which we bless is it not the Communion of the blood of Christ The Bread which we break is it not the Communion of the body of Christ that is of the benefits of both Now this consent to the Conditions of the Gospel this entring into Covenant with God this sincere and chearful dedication of our selves to the Government of our blessed Saviour which render the Elements the Body and Blood of Christ to the receiver is expressed in Scripture by all such Metaphors as denote the most intire and perfect union which can be possibly conceived between us as that between the Husband and the Wife Eph. 5.23 Jo. 15.1 Jo. 10. 1 Cor. 12.27 the Vine and the Branches the Shepherd and the Flock the Head and Members the Soul and Body which Unity is not natural and personal that were Blasphemy to imagine but Intellectual and Moral one Vital Principle moves them one spirit acts and inhabits in them both our Saviour and his true Disciples have the same opinions of what is good and evil the same affections to every thing that is good the same will to proceed and act according to the most perfect reason Rom. 8.10 If Christ be in you says St. Paul the body is dead Now the manner of His being in us is explained in the former Verse V. 9. by His temper spirit and disposition For if any man have not the spirit of Christ he is none of his as in another place it is explained by his Mind That the same Mind may be in us which was in him Phil. 2.5 Eph. 3.17 And again That He may dwell in our hearts by Faith Now from this spiritual Union betwixt our Saviour The second interpretation of the 17. v. and those who worthily receive the Sacrament that is who have resigned themselves to the obedience of the Gospel the Apostle infers the most intire and perfect unity of the whole body of faithful Christians amongst themselves Ye are says he united to Christ by eating His Body and drinking His Blood He becomes a principle of new life to every one that receives the Sacrament as he ought to do Now says he the union is the very same and upon the same account between the faithful amongst themselves For carrying on the Metaphor We being many are one body and one bread V. 17. because we are all partakers of that one bread We all receive nourishment from the same root and are therefore vitally united to one another We are all made to drink speaking of the Cup in the holy Sacrament into one spirit All which laying aside the Allegory is thus to be understood that forasmuch as all sincere and faithful Christians have entred themselves into the same Society undertaken the same institution and rule of life consent and agree in the same mind affections desires and converfation therefore they are morally united to one another as well as to our blessed Saviour For our Saviour is not divided He is one and the same in his Nature his Life his Gospel his Laws and Promises so that if innumerable individuals devote themselves to the belief of his Propositions to the love and obedience of his instructions if they resign themselves their wills and affections to his Command Jo. 17.21 whereby they become in a Moral sense united to him these of necessity by the same Moral unity are joyned and knit amongst themselves One common soul and spirit acts and influences them all they have parted from their own private will and conduct
that this is done for the sake of the Bread the Wine or the Company as an ordinary friendly Compotation but it is an act of Religion which we are obliged to celebrate in Obedience to our Saviour Jesus Christ who has made and ordained this breaking of Bread and drinking of Wine together S Mat. 26. S. Luk. â—2 the most solemn Ordinance of the Christian Worship Par. To eat and to drink together the most solemn Ordinance of the Christian Worship how should that be surely there must be something farther in it that does not appear to the eye there must be a reason of this Religious action that I at present do not apprehend but am very desirous to be instructed in Min. Most certainly there is for you know it is commonly called the Sacrament and the principal reason of that Catech. as our Church hath taught us is this because the outward sign that is to say the whole action that is done before our eyes by the express command of God preserves in memory represents and signifies some other thing that is invisible some Historical passage of former times some duty thereupon to be performed together with the several advantages we shall certainly receive thereby which are assured unto us and conferr'd upon us by the will and appointment of God in the due Celebration and use thereof and thus a Sacrament is distinguished from a bare religious Ceremony of remembrance or instruction Par. I beseech you Sir be more particular Min. I am very glad of your attention Briefly then our blessed Saviour as you may read in the 22. of St. Luke at the 19th Verse as He was eating the Passover with his Disciples immediately before He was betrayed set forth and represented to them His ensuing death upon the Cross by breaking of Bread and distributing the same unto them saying Take eat this is my body which is given for you and by taking the Cup full of Wine and giving that also to them saying This Cup is the New Testament in my blood or as Saint Matthew recites it Matt. 26. This is my blood of the New Testament which is shed for you and for many for the remission of sins and at the same time commanded them by the same most proper and natural signs of blessing and breaking of Bread pouring out of Wine and eating and drinking the same together to continue a fresh remembrance of Him and more particularly of His death to the end of the World Do this in remembrance of me v. 19. Par. Thus far I hope I understand you the Death and Passion of our Blessed Saviour is that in especial manner which the outward Signs commemorate exhibit and refer to But you said that this Holy Sacrament was more than a Religious Ceremony of Remembrance and therefore I pray inform me in the full intent and farther signification of it Min. It is very well remembred and if you observe the words of institution which I but now recited you will easily perceive that our Blessed Saviour appointed these Sacred Signs not only for a perpetual Remembrance of His Death and Passion but also of the ends and reason of it as His Death was the Seal or ratification of the New Testament or Covenant of Grace which God has entred into with Man consisting principally in this that our sins shall be forgiven and our Souls shall be saved through the satisfaction which our Saviour has made to God for us if we on our part believe His Gospel rely upon His merits and amend our lives For so says our Saviour Take eat This is my Body there He appoints the Commemoration of His death Given for you there is the end and reason of it which is given for you Now once for all in substance and reality and hereafter to the end of the World in the sign and figure as often as you celebrate the Mystery And again This Cup is the New Testament in my Blood the Covenant of Grace between God and us which was sealed and ratified in the Death of our Saviour is revived renewed and confirmed to every particular Person in this his Holy Sacrament that receives it as he ought to do You are therefore to understand the Sacrament as a display of the whole Religion of Christianity God on his part signing and sealing his Covenant of Pardon and Peace to us and we on the other part covenanting with God to perform the Conditions required of us with all possible exactness for the time to come Par. I perceive then that the Holy Sacrament is a Remembrance of the Sufferings of our Blessed Saviour together with the design and intention thereof the Remission of our sins That it is a confirmation of the Covenant of Grace on the part of God that He will be reconciled unto us through the blood of his Son which is therefore called the blood of the Covenant Heb. 10.29 and on our part it is a Profession of our Faith in the Mediation of Christ and a solemn obligation of our selves to perform the Conditions required of us Now I pray Sir give me leave to ask you what those benefits and Graces are which you said were assured unto us and conferred upon us in the due Celebration of this Holy Sacrament Min. You may easily find out that your self if you consider what has been said already concerning the nature of the Sacrament and the end of its Institution Is it understood as the Seal and Confirmation of the Covenant of Grace Why then the benefits we receive thereby are no less than all the blessings and promises of that Covenant which is so solemnly confirmed and assured unto us Namely the pardon of our sins upon Repentance Grace and strength to persevere in a course of new Obedience and Eternal Glory in the life to come This New Testament this Covenant of Grace is sealed and delivered to every particular Person in the Holy Sacrament all such Persons present as believe the Gospel of our Saviour rely upon his Merits and Repent of their sins are at that very instant pardoned if they persevere So sure as they eat that Bread and drink that Wine in Remembrance of our Saviour's death so sure shall they partake of His Body and Blood that is of all the Blessings which were purchased for us by His Death and Passion and this is grounded upon the words of our Saviour Take eat This i. e. this Bread which you are about to eat is my Body which is given for you and This Cup i. e. this Wine in the Cup which you are about to drink is my Blood of the New Testament They shall not only be the signs of your Redemption by my Death but they shall be the thing it self they shall be my Body and Blood that is to say the intention and end of my sufferings pardon of sins and Eternal life are assured unto and actually vested in all those who worthily receive these outward signs For the Cup
the purity of our hearts and the sincerity of our intentions shall be now accepted and all our manifold transgressions through humane frailty shall be now forgiven through the satisfaction and intercession of our Blessed Saviour That if we sin as we all do and repent and amend as we all should do 1 Joh. 2.1 we have an Advocate with the Father Jesus Christ the Righteous and He is the propitiation for our sins We have one that will plead our cause and urge a Right that repenting Sinners have to Pardon Gal. 3.13 because by being made a curse he has delivered us from the curse that is from the punishment of the Law Heb 7.25 and is able to save to the uttermost all that come unto God by him seeing He ever liveth to make intercession for us And that all this blessed Mystery of our Redemption through the Cross of Christ is both signified and confirmed unto us in the Holy Sacrament This is my Body which is given for you This Cup is the New Testament in my blood And therefore you cannot be qualified to receive untill you understand these Principles of the Christian Faith You cannot be qualified to enter into Covenant with God till you understand the contents and articles of the Indenture Again Is the Sacrament a Recognition of your Christianity Do you by partaking of the visible signs of our Saviour's death by assisting in the solemn Ordinance of distinction profess and own your self to be his disciple 1 Cor. 10.18 19 20 21 c. as those who ate things offered to Idols were understood to consent with the Sacrifices to own and profess the heathen gods and worship Does God by his Minister offer and confirm his Covenant of Pardon to us in the blood of Christ and are we understood to consent with all our hearts to accept the Conditions with all humility and gratitude to enter into Coveant with God our selves that we will perform the Conditions required of us Then you cannot be worthy to receive unless you stedfastly believe his Revelation trust intirely in his Propositions depend upon his Promises and chearfully resign your self to be governed by his Laws It is therefore absolutely necessary to examine well the steddiness of your Faith the seriousness of your Repentance the purity of your Intentions and the sincerity of your Obedience at least in serious resolution for the time to come since it is evident that without these qualifications you prophane this Holy Ordinance whilst you make profession solemnly of that Religion 1 Cor. 11.26 which you neither understand believe nor practise Par. Sir I am clearly of your opinion I think if we communicate in the most solemn Ordinance of our Religion we certainly ought to understand it believe it and intend at least to practise it But are we obliged whensoever we receive the Sacrament to have the History the Principles and the Duties of our Religion distinctly in our minds this seems to be very hard and almost impossible Min. No surely you mistake me very much These ought to be confidered and examined well before you presume to present your self or before you are admitted to the Holy Table But when you are entred confirmed and setled in your Religion there is no necessity of such a particular recollection your Faith will become a habit and if you have no doubt of any Article you may boldly make profession of your Faith at any time and if you are not conscious of any Vice you wilfully indulge you may profess the sincerity of your heart and your resolution of persevering in a course of universal righteousness without a particular examination of your self upon the several duties of Christianity The ordinary preparation after you have been throughly instructed and admitted to the Holy Table is this Namely first to consider and weigh the doubts and scruples that are upon your mind concerning any Branch or Article of your Religion if any be and clear them fully to your self by consideration inctruction and advice And secondly to observe your own particular infirmities what those evils are to which you are most inclined and which are aptest to prevail upon you and are subdued with the greatest difficulty and how you may prevent their return for the time to come what business what conversation what occasion what company are apt to expose you to temptation that so your humble resolutions and professions may be well considered and perfectly sincere and with particular respect to the present state of your Soul with earnest desire to be better instructed and reformed by the grace of God Par. This is but reasonable indeed and now I hope I apprehend both the nature of the Sacrament and the duty of the Communicant Min. I pray God enable you to perform it but there is one thing more that concerns our preparation which must not be omitted and that is this Is the Sacrament the Death and Passion of our Lord exhibited in proper signs Is our Saviour slain before our eyes 1 Cor. 11.26 Is his death shewed forth represented to us till he come as St. Paul expresses it then we ought to raise in our minds such a feeling sense such a sympathy such passions affections and devotions as the sight of such a stupendous passage would have stirred up and excited in us if we had been Spectators of it Had we been the Disciples of our Saviour as we now profess to be and had we seen Him at his Trial under his scourging in his Agony and on the Cross should we not have adored and magnified the love of God that he should send His only begotten Son into the world to bear the punishment of our sins should we not have been astonished at the love of our blessed Saviour that He should be contented to divest himself of all his glory for our sakes and humble himself even to death upon the Cross to save our souls Would we not have reflected with indignation upon the cause of all this grief to so good so great so innocent a Person even the sins of men should we not have resolved for our own part Heb. 10.29 never to contribute to his pain again but to live in all Obedience Love and Gratitude to God and our Blessed Saviour to the end of our lives should we not have made the most passionate professions of Fidelity and Constancy to him that has thus redeemed and purchased us by His blood should we not have exercised acts of faith affiance trust and confidence in his Word and Promises that if we fulfil our resolutions and perform our duty as well as our weak and frail condition will allow that then we shall be accepted of Him received into his Favour and made partakers of the great and precious promises of His Gospel and when you have considered all these things and understand them competently well and have prayed to God to enlighten your mind and purge your soul from all