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assistant_n who_o be_v always_o advance_v in_o the_o same_o college_n according_a to_o their_o examination_n and_o trial_n these_o always_o accompany_v the_o king_n person_n and_o when_o he_o go_v abroad_o have_v the_o place_n next_o his_o body_n these_o may_v enter_v without_o be_v call_v and_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o king_n govern_v be_v by_o way_n of_o petition_n and_o rescript_n every_o thing_n pass_v through_o their_o hand_n next_o follow_v the_o college_n which_o they_o call_v thum_z cham_fw-mi sum_z which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o sovereign_a tribunal_n of_o justice_n over_o all_o the_o eunuch_n this_o cause_v their_o person_n to_o be_v arrest_v this_o condemn_v and_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v punish_v and_o not_o only_o the_o eunuch_n but_o also_o other_o person_n of_o great_a authority_n in_o matter_n of_o high_a concernment_n be_v remit_v to_o they_o and_o it_o be_v the_o most_o rigorous_a tribunal_n of_o justice_n of_o all_o those_o in_o china_n the_o precedent_n be_v also_o captain_n of_o the_o king_n guard_n which_o consist_v of_o 9000._o man_n 6000._o foot_n and_o 3000._o horse_n in_o time_n of_o war_n he_o enter_v into_o the_o council_n of_o war_n where_o he_o be_v allow_v the_o high_a place_n there_o be_v also_o other_o college_n and_o tribunal_n as_o those_o of_o several_a treasury_n the_o treasury_n of_o jewel_n of_o rich_a movable_n of_o habit_n of_o magazine_n etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o a_o college_n of_o judicial_a astrologer_n who_o observe_v the_o star_n and_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o heaven_n who_o together_o with_o the_o chief_a mathematician_n who_o be_v always_o a_o mandarine_a abroad_o do_v make_v the_o almanac_n for_o the_o year_n follow_v there_o be_v a_o college_n of_o particular_a priest_n call_v laon_n su_n for_o the_o bonzi_n be_v not_o admit_v neither_o may_v they_o enter_v into_o the_o king_n palace_n these_o have_v the_o charge_n of_o the_o divine_a service_n the_o chapel_n be_v offices_n and_o sepulture_n of_o the_o dead_a etc._n etc._n there_o be_v also_o college_n of_o musician_n comedian_n or_o player_n painter_n goldsmith_n every_o one_o perform_v his_o office_n requisite_a to_o a_o well_o order_v commonwealth_n without_o the_o palace_n many_o be_v prefect_n of_o the_o public_a work_n of_o the_o guard_n which_o keep_v watch_v every_o night_n without_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o king_n sepulture_n of_o the_o gabell_n and_o imposition_n and_o other_o such_o employment_n by_o which_o they_o grow_v very_o rich_a and_o by_o reason_n they_o have_v no_o child_n though_o they_o be_v most_o of_o they_o marry_v they_o make_v great_a expense_n they_o have_v sumptuous_a country-house_n without_o the_o city_n and_o within_o palace_n full_a of_o all_o delight_n rich_o furnish_v &_o a_o stately_a train_n of_o servant_n their_o sepulcher_n be_v the_o most_o costly_a they_o have_v the_o strong_a persuasion_n of_o the_o transmigration_n of_o soul_n and_o that_o they_o may_v be_v well_o provide_v when_o 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king_n have_v a_o eunuch_n to_o his_o favourite_n as_o sometime_o it_o fall_v out_o present_o they_o grow_v insolent_a the_o government_n be_v confer_v upon_o they_o and_o then_o they_o get_v the_o upper_a hand_n the_o last_o king_n have_v a_o eunuch_n who_o arrive_v to_o all_o that_o grace_n and_o favour_n with_o he_o that_o can_v be_v imagine_v this_o fellow_n govern_v with_o so_o great_a insolence_n and_o tyranny_n that_o he_o apprehend_v chastise_a and_o put_v to_o death_n even_o person_n of_o the_o great_a quality_n to_o touch_v he_o though_o but_o in_o imagination_n be_v a_o excess_n of_o treason_n and_o though_o the_o chiness_n be_v very_o free_a and_o bold_a inspeak_v the_o truth_n even_o to_o the_o king_n himself_o yet_o none_o dare_v speak_v against_o he_o the_o prince_n who_o be_v now_o king_n undertake_v the_o business_n who_o only_o tell_v the_o king_n his_o father_n that_o his_o subject_n person_n of_o worth_n and_o quality_n be_v ill_o use_v this_o be_v sufficient_a to_o banish_v the_o eunuch_n out_o of_o the_o palace_n who_o at_o length_n miserable_o end_v his_o day_n for_o as_o soon_o as_o the_o king_n be_v dead_a he_o poison_a himself_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n put_v a_o period_n to_o his_o favour_n and_o his_o life_n but_o not_o to_o the_o people_n hatred_n who_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o be_v dead_a drag_v he_o about_o the_o street_n and_o tear_v he_o to_o piece_n all_o his_o good_n be_v confiscate_v to_o the_o king_n they_o amount_v to_o a_o great_a value_n for_o there_o be_v scarce_o any_o body_n who_o have_v not_o former_o present_v he_o and_o many_o have_v give_v he_o very_o rich_a present_n among_o other_o thing_n there_o be_v find_v two_o chest_n full_a of_o pearl_n only_o it_o be_v say_v he_o have_v rob_v the_o king_n treasury_n of_o they_o the_o sumptuous_a work_n which_o be_v either_o begin_v or_o end_v through_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n in_o honour_n of_o he_o as_o temple_n to_o place_v his_o statue_n in_o which_o they_o call_v temple_n of_o the_o live_n and_o use_v to_o erect_v they_o to_o eminent_a person_n who_o have_v deserve_v well_o of_o the_o king_n and_o kingdom_n palace_n triumphal_a arch_n and_o such_o like_a fabriques_n be_v all_o cast_v down_o to_o the_o ground_n leave_v no_o other_o memory_n of_o they_o than_o a_o comedy_n which_o be_v present_o make_v of_o he_o and_o be_v yet_o act_v to_o this_o day_n concern_v his_o disgrace_n and_o drive_v out_o of_o the_o palace_n now_o because_o some_o of_o these_o eunuch_n be_v many_o time_n dismiss_v and_o turn_v away_o other_o grow_v old_a and_o many_o die_v from_o time_n to_o time_n there_o be_v young_a one_o choose_v in_o to_o be_v put_v in_o their_o place_n upon_o this_o account_n there_o come_v almost_o infinite_a of_o these_o eunuch_n to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v make_v such_o by_o their_o parent_n either_o for_o the_o profit_n which_o they_o make_v by_o it_o because_o they_o be_v always_o buy_v of_o they_o for_o a_o price_n or_o else_o for_o the_o advantage_n they_o may_v receive_v by_o they_o when_o they_o come_v to_o preferment_n in_o the_o palace_n or_o for_o those_o other_o convenience_n which_o be_v certain_a and_o assure_v to_o person_n of_o this_o condition_n at_o every_o election_n there_o be_v choose_v about_o 3000_o of_o they_o at_o what_o time_n they_o principal_o consider_v in_o their_o choice_n their_o age_n good_a shape_n and_o behaviour_n their_o speech_n and_o graceful_a pronunciation_n but_o above_o all_o that_o they_o whole_o want_v that_o which_o they_o pretend_v to_o have_v lose_v and_o that_o they_o be_v complete_o castrate_v and_o moreover_o every_o four_o year_n they_o be_v visit_v lest_o any_o thing_n shall_v grow_v out_o again_o which_o have_v not_o be_v well_o take_v away_o when_o the_o election_n be_v do_v the_o rest_n be_v send_v away_o from_o the_o court_n and_o those_o that_o be_v choose_v be_v distribute_v to_o those_o lodging_n occupation_n and_o office_n to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o apply_v themselves_o this_o be_v do_v almost_o as_o it_o be_v by_o destiny_n for_o without_o observe_v of_o they_o any_o more_o than_o a_o few_o day_n some_o be_v put_v to_o study_v and_o go_v to_o the_o college_n of_o the_o great_a credit_n honour_n and_o profit_n other_o be_v choose_v for_o priest_n other_o for_o singer_n comedian_n etc._n etc._n and_o other_o for_o the_o kitchen_n and_o such_o like_a mean_a and_o laborious_a occupation_n this_o be_v that_o which_o pass_v in_o the_o palace_n within_o the_o gate_n in_o what_o appertain_v to_o the_o king_n person_n and_o service_n that_o which_o pass_v without_o door_n be_v also_o very_o particular_a and_o with_o so_o much_o exactness_n that_o it_o exceed_v all_o hyperbole_n and_o although_o the_o kingdom_n be_v so_o vast_a and_o large_a yet_o it_o be_v not_o sufficient_a to_o hide_v
king_n stamp_n and_o the_o founder_n name_n upon_o they_o that_o in_o case_n any_o of_o they_o be_v falsify_v they_o may_v know_v who_o to_o accuse_v and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o be_v return_v into_o the_o king_n exchequer_n the_o revenue_n of_o the_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o part_n one_o whereof_o be_v put_v into_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o city_n for_o extraordinary_a expense_n the_o other_o into_o the_o coffer_n of_o the_o treasurer_n for_o to_o defray_v ordinary_a expense_n this_o treasury_n beside_o that_o the_o door_n and_o lock_n be_v make_v as_o secure_a as_o can_v be_v yet_o it_o be_v guard_v every_o night_n by_o a_o constant_a watch_n of_o soldier_n the_o three_o be_v send_v public_o to_o court_n but_o with_o a_o strong_a guard_n this_o silver_n be_v put_v into_o round_a piece_n of_o wood_n saw_v through_o in_o the_o middle_n and_o hollow_a within_o and_o join_v together_o with_o iron_n hoop_n and_o both_o end_v close_v fast_o with_o plate_n of_o iron_n within_o every_o one_o of_o these_o piece_n of_o wood_n be_v convey_v as_o much_o silver_n as_o two_o man_n be_v able_a to_o carry_v the_o revenue_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n according_a to_o the_o supputation_n of_o father_n matteo_n riccius_fw-la who_o live_v many_o year_n in_o china_n as_o appear_v by_o his_o book_n print_v in_o the_o year_n 1621._o be_v say_v to_o amount_v to_o a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o of_o crown_n father_n john_n rodriquez_n who_o also_o travail_v much_o about_o china_n and_o be_v very_o curious_a to_o know_v the_o affair_n of_o this_o kingdom_n in_o a_o writing_n which_o he_o leave_v behind_o he_o concern_v the_o four_o notable_a thing_n of_o china_n faith_n that_o it_o do_v amount_v but_o to_o fifty_o five_o million_o to_o make_v they_o both_o agree_v my_o opinion_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a revenue_n be_v a_o hundred_o and_o fifty_o million_o as_o father_n riccius_fw-la say_fw-la &_o that_o which_o be_v bring_v to_o court_n be_v but_o fifty_o five_o as_o father_n rodriquez_n will_v have_v it_o the_o rest_n remain_v as_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o province_n as_o i_o have_v not_o make_v any_o diligent_a enquiry_n concern_v this_o matter_n so_o i_o will_v forbear_v to_o add_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o testimony_n of_o these_o grave_a personage_n the_o four_o tribunal_n be_v call_v begin_v cha_n sci_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tribunal_n criminal_a it_o have_v assessor_n counsellor_n and_o tauli_n and_o as_o every_o province_n be_v divide_v into_o shire_n and_o precinct_n according_a to_o the_o number_n of_o the_o city_n thereof_o it_o belong_v to_o these_o tauli_n to_o visit_v they_o and_o to_o do_v justice_n in_o the_o several_a place_n assign_v they_o punish_v malefactor_n and_o exercise_v their_o jurisdiction_n which_o extend_v itself_o even_o to_o the_o souldierie_a and_o the_o affair_n of_o the_o sea_n if_o the_o province_n be_v maritime_a the_o five_o tribunal_n be_v over_o learning_n and_o letter_n to_o examine_v and_o confer_v degree_n and_o the_o like_a and_o be_v particular_o set_v over_o all_o they_o that_o have_v take_v the_o degree_n of_o batcheller_n but_o doctor_n be_v exempt_a from_o their_o jurisdiction_n there_o be_v a_o chancellor_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n who_o at_o set_a time_n visit_v all_o the_o city_n and_o town_n hold_v examination_n and_o inform_v himself_o of_o every_o one_o behaviour_n and_o according_a as_o he_o find_v it_o he_o reprove_v chastise_v and_o sometime_o deprive_v they_o of_o their_o degree_n but_o leave_v they_o always_o the_o liberty_n as_o i_o have_v say_v of_o return_v if_o they_o please_v to_o a_o new_a examination_n there_o be_v moreover_o in_o every_o city_n two_o who_o they_o call_v mandarines_n of_o the_o science_n hioquan_n who_o belong_v to_o the_o same_o tribunal_n but_o their_o jurisdiction_n do_v not_o extend_v itself_o further_o than_o to_o the_o bachelor_n of_o the_o same_o city_n and_o the_o territory_n thereof_o and_o although_o they_o have_v not_o the_o power_n to_o confer_v a_o degree_n or_o to_o take_v it_o away_o but_o only_o to_o punish_v they_o nevertheless_o it_o be_v they_o that_o give_v they_o the_o most_o trouble_n by_o reason_n that_o live_v always_o in_o the_o same_o city_n they_o often_o call_v they_o before_o they_o examine_v they_o etc._n etc._n they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v prefect_n of_o the_o class_n all_o these_o office_n whereof_o i_o have_v speak_v have_v authority_n over_o the_o whole_a province_n and_o over_o all_o the_o city_n village_n and_o town_n thereof_o but_o the_o city_n have_v moreover_o their_o particular_a government_n as_o among_o we_o in_o europe_n in_o every_o city_n there_o be_v four_o principal_a mandarines_n one_o whereof_o be_v precedent_n who_o they_o call_v chi_fw-mi furio_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v governor_n of_o the_o city_n the_o rest_n be_v collaterall_n they_o be_v call_v thum_z chi_fw-mi thum_z phuon_n chiu_n quon_n every_o one_o of_o these_o hold_v his_o tribunal_n apart_o and_o have_v great_a and_o lesser_a officer_n belong_v to_o he_o beside_o these_o every_o city_n have_v nineteen_o lesser_a magistrate_n employ_v in_o several_a office_n subordinate_a to_o the_o principal_a two_o whereof_o have_v a_o precedent_n and_o four_o counsellor_n the_o nine_o other_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n and_o a_o assistant_n and_o the_o other_o eight_o have_v only_o one_o precedent_n but_o they_o have_v all_o of_o they_o their_o officer_n minister_n and_o a_o convenient_a number_n of_o servant_n belong_v to_o their_o court_n the_o village_n have_v a_o judge_n and_o three_o counsellor_n the_o judge_n be_v call_v chi_fw-mi hien_n the_o first_o counsellor_n hum_n chim_z the_o second_o chu_n phn._n the_o three_o tun_n su._n they_o have_v each_o of_o they_o their_o palace_n and_o tribunal_n apart_o as_o also_o their_o subordinate_a officer_n notary_n and_o other_o the_o judge_n may_v give_v sentence_n of_o death_n but_o can_v put_v it_o in_o execution_n beside_o these_o mandarines_n which_o reside_v in_o the_o city_n and_o village_n there_o be_v other_o who_o have_v not_o the_o power_n either_o to_o chastise_v or_o condemn_v but_o only_o to_o make_v their_o report_n and_o be_v as_o it_o be_v referendary_n there_o be_v also_o of_o they_o in_o castle_n if_o they_o be_v great_a and_o far_o from_o any_o city_n or_o village_n these_o be_v make_v ordinary_o out_o of_o the_o inferior_a notary_n of_o tribunal_n for_o out_o of_o the_o great_a one_o be_v common_o make_v the_o counsellor_n to_o the_o judge_n of_o village_n but_o it_o must_v be_v observe_v that_o both_o the_o great_a and_o the_o lesser_a officer_n have_v not_o so_o much_o authority_n as_o we_o in_o europe_n beside_o every_o hamlet_n whereof_o there_o be_v almost_o infinite_a in_o china_n no_o labourer_n or_o husbandman_n dwell_v either_o in_o city_n or_o village_n but_o in_o the_o field_n have_v a_o head_n or_o thithing-man_n call_v licham_n the_o house_n be_v divide_v by_o ten_o like_o tithing_n or_o decury_n with_o a_o head_n or_o tithing-man_n belong_v to_o each_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o government_n become_v more_o easy_a and_o the_o contribution_n which_o be_v exact_v more_o certain_a chap._n 27._o of_o the_o badge_n of_o honour_n or_o ensign_n of_o the_o mandarines_n all_o officer_n who_o either_o have_v or_o have_v have_v command_v have_v their_o ensign_n by_o which_o they_o be_v distinguish_v not_o only_o from_o the_o people_n but_o from_o other_o as_o well_o litterati_fw-la as_o nobleman_n of_o another_o rank_n these_o consist_v in_o five_o thing_n that_o be_v the_o cap_n the_o habit_n the_o girdle_n the_o boot_n and_o the_o gown_n the_o cap_n be_v of_o black_a silk_n line_v with_o a_o certain_a stiff_a &_o strong_a stuffe_n they_o all_o of_o they_o have_v it_o make_v after_o the_o same_o fashion_n only_o in_o the_o cap_n of_o the_o colai_n there_o be_v some_o difference_n it_o be_v call_v in_o the_o chinesse_n language_n xamao_n the_o habit_n for_o so_o they_o call_v it_o and_o we_o have_v nothing_o in_o europe_n that_o answer_v to_o it_o be_v a_o square_a piece_n which_o they_o wear_v on_o their_o breast_n rich_o embroider_v round_o about_o in_o the_o middle_n whereof_o be_v the_o device_n of_o their_o office_n and_o dignity_n and_o as_o those_o be_v diverse_a according_o their_o device_n be_v different_a it_o be_v call_v phizu_n the_o magistrate_n of_o letter_n have_v a_o eagle_n a_o hearn_n a_o bird_n of_o the_o sun_n or_o such_o like_a the_o magistrate_n of_o arm_n have_v a_o panther_n a_o tiger_n and_o unicorn_n a_o lyam_n etc._n etc._n the_o girdle_n which_o be_v not_o make_v to_o gird_n they_o withal_o for_o it_o be_v so_o wide_a that_o they_o be_v fain_o to_o fasten_v it_o at_o the_o side_n to_o keep_v it_o from_o fall_v be_v call_v quon_n thai_n it_o be_v four_o finger_n broad_a and_o
do_v before_o any_o be_v aware_a of_o it_o their_o condemnation_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n pecuniary_a and_o sometime_o though_o seldom_o they_o be_v send_v into_o banishment_n or_o to_o the_o galley_n or_o rather_o something_o equivalent_a to_o it_o for_o to_o speak_v the_o truth_n they_o have_v not_o that_o punishment_n but_o one_o very_o like_o it_o that_o be_v they_o be_v put_v to_o work_v on_o the_o river_n in_o the_o king_n ship_n and_o vessel_n they_o tug_v at_o the_o oar_n and_o do_v other_o service_n be_v bind_v two_o together_o in_o one_o chain_n they_o only_o be_v condemn_v to_o death_n which_o be_v common_o execute_v by_o hang_v strangle_a or_o cut_v off_o the_o head_n who_o falsify_v the_o king_n money_n or_o commit_v murder_n if_o there_o be_v many_o guilty_a of_o the_o same_o crime_n one_o man_n only_o be_v execute_v the_o rest_n have_v other_o punishment_n inflict_v on_o they_o but_o robber_n by_o the_o highway_n be_v all_o to_o die_v if_o the_o fact_n be_v 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adulterer_n be_v severe_o punish_v although_o not_o with_o death_n and_o beside_o other_o chastisement_n they_o be_v sufficient_o load_v with_o bastinado_n the_o woman_n also_o take_v in_o the_o same_o fault_n if_o they_o have_v be_v former_o of_o honest_a repute_n be_v whip_v or_o bastinado_v with_o their_o drawer_n or_o calzone_n pull_v down_o to_o their_o heel_n to_o make_v they_o the_o more_o ashamed_a and_o sometime_o also_o they_o be_v whip_v in_o the_o public_a street_n but_o if_o they_o have_v former_o lose_v both_o their_o shame_n and_o their_o honour_n they_o beat_v they_o only_o upon_o their_o calzone_n they_o do_v many_o time_n die_v of_o the_o bastinado_n they_o receive_v especial_o if_o the_o delinquent_n deserve_v death_n and_o they_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o dispatch_v he_o for_o it_o be_v impossible_a a_o man_n shall_v live_v after_o he_o have_v receive_v seventy_o or_o eighty_o bastinado_n especial_o as_o they_o be_v lay_v on_o when_o it_o be_v before_o a_o great_a tribunal_n in_o the_o year_n 1617._o there_o be_v in_o the_o city_n of_o nankim_n a_o kind_n of_o confraternitie_n or_o society_n of_o fifty_o man_n call_v by_o they_o thien_n cam._n these_o according_a to_o a_o agreement_n make_v among_o themselves_o do_v always_o assist_v one_o another_o a_o injury_n resent_v by_o one_o be_v vindicate_v by_o all_o and_o by_o this_o mean_v they_o commit_v a_o thousand_o insolence_n at_o length_n they_o be_v almost_o all_o apprehend_v &_o distribute_v to_o the_o several_a prison_n of_o the_o city_n where_o there_o be_v at_o least_o fourteen_o or_o fifteen_o at_o their_o very_a first_o entrance_n they_o put_v about_o the_o neck_n of_o each_o a_o kian_n hao_n of_o which_o we_o will_v speak_v hereafter_o so_o heavy_a that_o it_o be_v impossible_a for_o he_o that_o bear_v it_o to_o stir_v out_o of_o his_o place_n and_o when_o any_o of_o they_o be_v to_o be_v bring_v out_o he_o be_v force_v to_o have_v two_o man_n to_o help_v he_o to_o carry_v it_o they_o be_v bring_v to_o a_o trial_n before_o the_o governor_n of_o the_o city_n who_o cause_v they_o to_o receive_v threescore_o and_o ten_o blow_n a_o man_n whereof_o they_o all_o die_v for_o ordinary_a crime_n they_o inflict_v a_o certain_a punishment_n that_o be_v not_o in_o use_n among_o we_o in_o portugal_n they_o call_v it_o kian_n hao_n it_o be_v a_o great_a thick_a board_n four_o or_o five_o palm_n square_a with_o a_o hole_n cut_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o it_o about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o man_n neck_n this_o they_o fasten_v about_o their_o neck_n and_o to_o it_o be_v hang_v two_o scroll_n of_o paper_n of_o a_o hand_n breadth_n wherein_o be_v write_v his_o fault_n and_o the_o cause_n of_o his_o punishment_n they_o serve_v also_o to_o show_v that_o the_o board_n have_v not_o be_v open_v and_o so_o with_o these_o great_a board_n about_o their_o neck_n these_o poor_a wretch_n be_v bring_v out_o every_o day_n and_o expose_v to_o shame_n in_o the_o public_a street_n for_o fifteen_o twenty_o or_o thirty_o day_n according_a as_o they_o be_v adjudge_v by_o their_o sentence_n who_o great_a rigour_n be_v that_o during_o all_o that_o time_n these_o board_n be_v not_o take_v off_o their_o neck_n neither_o night_n nor_o day_n and_o all_o this_o must_v be_v understand_v to_o be_v do_v after_o they_o have_v receive_v their_o bastinado_n which_o be_v never_o want_v there_o be_v no_o condemnation_n in_o china_n unless_o it_o be_v pecuniary_a without_o this_o previous_a disposition_n neither_o be_v it_o necessary_a to_o make_v mention_n of_o it_o in_o their_o condemnation_n this_o be_v always_o understand_v to_o be_v their_o first_o dish_n and_o as_o a_o necessary_a though_o accessary_a circumstance_n and_o then_o follow_v their_o sentence_n as_o the_o principal_a verb._n and_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o as_o the_o giapponess_n be_v wont_a to_o say_v they_o can_v govern_v without_o the_o catana_n that_o be_v the_o scimitar_n or_o sword_n so_o it_o may_v be_v say_v of_o the_o chiness_n that_o without_o bambu_n that_o be_v the_o cudgel_n or_o baston_n with_o which_o they_o use_v to_o beat_v man_n it_o be_v not_o possible_a they_o shall_v be_v rule_v for_o the_o better_a understanding_n of_o this_o i_o will_v brief_o declare_v the_o use_n of_o it_o in_o every_o tribunal_n of_o china_n when_o the_o mandarine_n give_v audience_n there_o stand_v near_o unto_o his_o table_n ten_o or_o twelve_o man_n on_o both_o side_n thereof_o with_o long_a cudgel_n in_o their_o hand_n rest_v upon_o the_o ground_n and_o sometime_o for_o the_o great_a terror_n they_o will_v place_v forty_o man_n about_o they_o as_o they_o do_v when_o the_o father_n be_v bring_v before_o they_o for_o their_o religion_n these_o cudgel_n be_v seven_o palm_n long_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n about_o a_o hand_n breadth_n in_o circumference_n taper_v still_o towards_o the_o top_n where_o they_o be_v small_a and_o slender_a that_o they_o may_v more_o commodious_o be_v use_v with_o both_o hand_n they_o be_v make_v of_o bambu_n which_o have_v some_o resemblance_n to_o cane_n in_o that_o it_o be_v knotty_a and_o hollow_a within_o but_o be_v different_a in_o this_o that_o it_o be_v a_o massy_a strong_a heavy_a hard_a wood_n moreover_o on_o the_o table_n of_o the_o mandarine_n stand_v that_o case_n of_o wooden_a tally_n whereof_o we_o have_v speak_v and_o every_o tally_n import_v five_o blow_n wherefore_o when_o the_o mandarine_n will_v have_v any_o one_o bastinado_v he_o throw_v down_o as_o many_o tally_n as_o make_v up_o the_o number_n of_o the_o blow_n he_o will_v have_v give_v every_o one_o of_o the_o upi_n as_o the_o portughess_n call_v they_o who_o carry_v the_o baston_n be_v ready_a to_o take_v his_o tally_n other_o to_o seize_v the_o patient_a and_o to_o lay_v he_o on_o the_o ground_n assoon_o as_o his_o breech_n be_v pull_v down_o present_o one_o of_o the_o upi_n lay_v five_o bastinado_n upon_o his_o naked_a flesh_n according_a to_o the_o import_n of_o his_o tally_n and_o withdraw_v himself_o then_o come_v another_o and_o lay_v on_o other_o five_o and_o so_o it_o be_v always_o do_v by_o a_o fresh_a hand_n till_o he_o have_v receive_v the_o number_n assign_v he_o when_o the_o mandarine_n throw_v the_o tally_n out_o of_o the_o case_n he_o be_v not_o to_o give_v any_o reason_n for_o it_o neither_o must_v he_o be_v ask_v but_o his_o command_n be_v present_o put_v in_o execution_n and_o only_o in_o some_o small_a offence_n the_o patient_n may_v obtain_v with_o his_o money_n that_o the_o blow_n be_v not_o altogether_o so_o fierce_a and_o cruel_a this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v when_o the_o mandarine_n sit_v on_o his_o tribunal_n for_o in_o no_o other_o place_n he_o make_v use_v of_o those_o tally_n although_o he_o be_v always_o wait_v on_o
return_v to_o the_o viceroy_n at_o xaokim_n he_o will_v have_v pay_v the_o charge_n the_o father_n have_v be_v at_o in_o build_v their_o church_n and_o house_n which_o by_o no_o mean_n they_o will_v suffer_v he_o to_o do_v and_o after_o several_a contrast_n they_o obtain_v leave_v of_o he_o to_o dwell_v in_o another_o city_n belong_v to_o his_o government_n call_v xaocheu_fw-la with_o this_o permission_n the_o father_n depart_v from_o xaokim_n on_o the_o 15_o day_n of_o august_n 1589._o and_o be_v after_o a_o few_o day_n arrive_v at_o xaocheu_o they_o have_v enough_o to_o do_v to_o avoid_v the_o lodging_n which_o be_v offer_v they_o in_o a_o monastery_n of_o bonzi_n at_o length_n by_o god_n assistance_n they_o be_v admit_v into_o the_o city_n and_o be_v well_o look_v upon_o by_o the_o magistrate_n they_o build_v a_o house_n and_o church_n and_o begin_v to_o preach_v the_o gospel_n with_o their_o whole_a endeavour_n notwithstanding_o that_o they_o be_v ever_o accompany_v with_o persecution_n contrast_n and_o calumny_n and_o in_o truth_n it_o be_v hardly_o to_o be_v believe_v how_o many_o of_o these_o they_o do_v undergo_v i_o do_v once_o reckon_v they_o up_o to_o satisfy_v my_o curiosity_n count_v those_o which_o be_v relate_v in_o the_o history_n of_o father_n trigaultius_n and_o other_o which_o be_v not_o set_v down_o there_o till_o the_o persecution_n of_o nankim_n i_o find_v they_o in_o all_o to_o be_v fifty_o four_o the_o great_a part_n be_v at_o the_o beginning_n and_o in_o the_o province_n of_o canton_n which_o as_o it_o be_v a_o passage_n to_o the_o rest_n may_v be_v call_v the_o promontory_n of_o torment_n so_o that_o as_o oft_o as_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v it_o there_o will_v always_o recurre_v some_o new_a trouble_n and_o tempest_n our_o servant_n be_v many_o time_n take_v and_o bastinado_v for_o no_o other_o occasion_n but_o that_o they_o have_v defend_v themselves_o against_o assault_n of_o the_o insolent_a people_n and_o one_o time_n also_o brother_n sebastan_n fernandes_n who_o go_v out_o to_o defend_v those_o innocent_n with_o reason_n and_o prayer_n be_v put_v to_o public_a shame_n but_o the_o persecution_n be_v worse_a which_o brother_n francis_n martin_n suffer_v through_o a_o vain_a suspicion_n they_o have_v that_o he_o have_v attempt_v to_o raise_v a_o rebellion_n in_o china_n and_o that_o he_o be_v a_o magician_n upon_o which_o occasion_n after_o he_o have_v be_v many_o time_n beat_v and_o torment_v and_o after_o a_o tedious_a and_o noisome_a imprisonment_n and_o in_o the_o end_n after_o his_o last_o punishment_n by_o a_o unmerciful_a beat_n be_v bring_v back_o into_o the_o prison_n he_o die_v a_o death_n so_o much_o the_o more_o glorious_a by_o how_o much_o it_o be_v support_v by_o a_o unspeakable_a patience_n and_o for_o so_o holy_a a_o occasion_n as_o the_o procure_v the_o salvation_n of_o that_o people_n be_v after_o that_o brother_n francis_n mendez_n go_v to_o the_o metropolis_n of_o 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another_o place_n near_o unto_o it_o name_v namhim_n whither_o father_n matthaeus_n riccius_fw-la be_v go_v and_o have_v reduce_v some_o gentile_n to_o the_o sheepfold_a of_o christ._n but_o the_o business_n be_v so_o full_a of_o difficulty_n and_o danger_n that_o brother_n sebastian_n fernandes_n although_o a_o chinesse_n by_o nation_n but_o bring_v up_o in_o macao_n by_o his_o parent_n who_o be_v christian_n and_o who_o enter_v into_o our_o society_n after_o he_o be_v grow_v a_o man_n and_o a_o rich_a merchant_n and_o serve_v therein_o many_o year_n even_o to_o his_o death_n with_o great_a pain_n to_o himself_o and_o a_o great_a example_n to_o all_o that_o christianity_n tell_v the_o father_n we_o shall_v do_v well_o to_o go_v to_o giappon_n see_v the_o lord_n do_v favour_v that_o kingdom_n with_o so_o great_a a_o conversion_n and_o so_o many_o baptism_n and_o spend_v our_o life_n there_o where_o we_o may_v receive_v abundant_a fruit_n of_o our_o labour_n but_o the_o father_n who_o 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and_o assassinate_v the_o people_n that_o they_o teach_v man_n not_o to_o reverence_v the_o image_n of_o their_o ancestor_n and_o not_o to_o worship_v the_o pagod_n but_o break_v and_o burn_v they_o that_o they_o seduce_v the_o ignorant_a people_n and_o teach_v they_o to_o worship_v a_o moor_n for_o so_o in_o that_o province_n they_o call_v the_o europaean_n say_v that_o he_o be_v the_o true_a god_n that_o they_o make_v assembly_n and_o meeting_n and_o hinder_v people_n from_o follow_v their_o business_n that_o they_o have_v almost_o pervert_v the_o whole_a city_n and_o though_o at_o the_o beginning_n there_o be_v but_o a_o few_o of_o their_o sect_n yet_o now_o they_o be_v multiply_v to_o 20000._o in_o fine_a they_o say_v many_o other_o thing_n which_o sound_v so_o ill_o that_o there_o be_v none_o who_o doubt_v but_o that_o they_o will_v be_v sufficient_a whole_o to_o extirpate_v the_o father_n beside_o their_o adversary_n be_v many_o unite_v in_o one_o body_n and_o litterati_fw-la 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at_o liberty_n and_o send_v they_o home_o to_o their_o house_n under_o pretence_n of_o get_v their_o wound_n heal_v chap._n 9_o the_o continuation_n of_o the_o persecution_n and_o the_o banishment_n of_o the_o father_n out_o of_o china_n as_o soon_o as_o xin_n be_v acquaint_v with_o the_o sentence_n which_o the_o judge_n criminal_a have_v give_v he_o begin_v to_o contrive_v new_a trouble_n for_o they_o that_o he_o may_v not_o seem_v to_o have_v persecute_v innocent_a person_n first_o he_o write_v and_o disperse_v abroad_o libel_n against_o those_o christian_n accuse_v they_o to_o have_v print_v a_o apology_n against_o certain_a of_o the_o chief_a mandarines_n in_o favour_n of_o the_o father_n who_o be_v traitor_n and_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n of_o the_o kingdom_n after_o that_o he_o private_o stir_v up_o the_o censor_n of_o the_o people_n who_o have_v recourse_n to_o he_o as_o to_o their_o superior_a to_o receive_v rule_n from_o he_o for_o the_o order_n of_o the_o life_n and_o 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former_o be_v in_o the_o philippine_n island_n write_v that_o the_o christian_n do_v worship_v a_o crucify_a man_n that_o they_o sign_v their_o forehead_n with_o the_o cross_n that_o they_o set_v it_o on_o the_o top_n of_o their_o house_n and_o steeple_n and_o wear_v it_o about_o their_o neck_n as_o a_o jewel_n that_o under_o pretence_n of_o preach_v their_o law_n they_o have_v make_v themselves_o master_n of_o the_o philippines_n of_o malacca_n and_o of_o the_o indies_n that_o of_o late_a year_n they_o have_v slay_v many_o chiness_n upon_o no_o occasion_n give_v they_o that_o their_o religious_a man_n do_v commit_v horrible_a sacrilege_n with_o the_o woman_n who_o frequent_v their_o church_n draw_v out_o all_o their_o secret_n from_o they_o under_o a_o pretence_n of_o piety_n that_o the_o design_n of_o their_o come_n into_o china_n be_v to_o conquer_v the_o kingdom_n under_o colour_n of_o such_o deceit_n and_o imposture_n and_o that_o therefore_o undoubted_o they_o ought_v to_o be_v 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see_v they_o out_o of_o curiosity_n because_o they_o be_v stranger_n who_o as_o they_o be_v seldom_o admit_v into_o that_o country_n be_v think_v a_o rare_a spectacle_n among_o the_o rest_n there_o be_v some_o christian_n which_o be_v that_o i_o will_v show_v who_o be_v lead_v to_o see_v they_o out_o of_o the_o same_o curiosity_n that_o other_o have_v and_o take_v notice_n that_o they_o carry_v bead_n and_o cross_n about_o they_o and_o that_o they_o use_v to_o say_v over_o their_o bead_n they_o judge_v they_o to_o be_v of_o the_o same_o profession_n as_o themselves_o be_v therefore_o they_o make_v diligent_a enquiry_n about_o it_o and_o be_v assure_v that_o they_o be_v christian_n although_o they_o be_v strict_o forbid_v to_o show_v they_o any_o kindness_n yet_o charity_n which_o be_v always_o ingenious_a find_v a_o way_n for_o they_o to_o help_v they_o and_o to_o
family_n a_o very_a good_a and_o devout_a person_n as_o i_o have_v former_o know_v he_o to_o be_v at_o nankim_n it_o please_v god_n for_o the_o comfort_n and_o solace_n of_o those_o poor_a portughese_n that_o he_o shall_v govern_v the_o island_n at_o that_o time_n assoon_o as_o he_o have_v understand_v what_o have_v happen_v to_o those_o prisoner_n fear_v what_o may_v fall_v out_o he_o command_v the_o cause_n to_o be_v bring_v unto_o his_o tribunal_n when_o therefore_o the_o poor_a prisoner_n be_v bring_v into_o his_o presence_n and_o after_o that_o he_o understand_v they_o be_v christian_n he_o not_o only_o commiserate_v their_o condition_n but_o present_o command_v they_o shall_v be_v set_v at_o liberty_n and_o keep_v they_o for_o some_o time_n in_o his_o palace_n it_o be_v hard_o to_o express_v the_o charity_n and_o love_n with_o which_o he_o entertain_v they_o endeavour_v to_o refresh_v and_o comfort_v they_o after_o the_o labour_n and_o danger_n they_o have_v pass_v converse_v 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dominion_n but_o where_o the_o governor_n use_v tyranny_n there_o the_o subject_n have_v little_a care_n of_o fidelity_n there_o be_v in_o this_o city_n sigan_n two_o priest_n which_o serve_v the_o christian_n that_o be_v jesuit_n and_o suffer_v much_o in_o the_o saccage_n of_o the_o city_n but_o be_v afterward_o know_v for_o stranger_n they_o be_v use_v with_o all_o humanity_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n a_o three_o cause_n of_o this_o empire_n ruin_n grow_v up_o in_o the_o court_n which_o be_v hatch_v in_o the_o emperor_n thienkins_n his_o time_n for_o that_o emperor_n exalt_v a_o eunuch_n call_v â—ueio_n china_n to_o such_o a_o height_n and_o power_n as_o he_o give_v the_o absolute_a and_o sovereign_a command_n into_o his_o hand_n and_o pass_v so_o far_o as_o always_o to_o style_v he_o by_o the_o name_n of_o father_n this_o extravagant_a power_n cause_v much_o envy_n dissension_n and_o band_v one_o against_o another_o among_o the_o governor_n precedent_n commander_n and_o counsellor_n and_o the_o eunuch_n also_o add_v much_o to_o incense_v the_o flame_n by_o his_o indiscreet_a usage_n of_o the_o favour_n he_o possess_v for_o if_o any_o man_n have_v touch_v he_o either_o in_o word_n or_o writing_n or_o express_v less_o respect_n unto_o he_o in_o conversation_n or_o behaviour_n or_o do_v not_o flatter_v the_o base_a fellow_n he_o will_v present_o give_v order_n to_o put_v he_o to_o death_n though_o he_o be_v a_o very_a eminent_a person_n or_o at_o least_o degrade_v he_o from_o all_o office_n or_o dignity_n by_o which_o mean_v he_o exasperate_v many_o and_o among_o the_o rest_n he_o offend_v zunchinius_n when_o prince_n who_o now_o by_o the_o death_n of_o his_o brother_n without_o issue_n be_v come_v to_o to_o be_v emperor_n of_o china_n this_o emperor_n know_v that_o the_o eunuch_n have_v move_v
into_o his_o ship_n himself_o but_o know_v he_o can_v not_o avoid_v death_n by_o another_o man_n hand_n he_o choose_v rather_o to_o be_v his_o own_o executioner_n and_o so_o hang_v himself_o yet_o for_o all_o this_o the_o supreme_a governor_n in_o the_o emperor_n name_n grant_v to_o this_o man_n son_n the_o same_o dignity_n and_o province_n which_o have_v be_v confer_v upon_o the_o father_n and_o thus_o the_o three_o royolet_n join_v again_o have_v pass_v nank_n and_o kiangsi_n come_v at_o length_n into_o the_o province_n of_o quamtung_n to_o carry_v on_o the_o war_n against_o the_o emperor_n jungley_n and_o at_o their_o first_o entrance_n they_o take_v many_o city_n which_o dare_v not_o oppose_v the_o strength_n of_o their_o army_n only_o the_o city_n of_o quangcheu_fw-la resolve_v to_o try_v its_o fortune_n and_o strength_n this_o city_n of_o quangcheu_fw-la be_v a_o most_o rich_a and_o beautiful_a place_n environ_v with_o large_a water_n only_o the_o northern_a gate_n join_v to_o 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in_o fine_a they_o take_v it_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n mdcl_o and_o because_o it_o be_v remark_v that_o they_o give_v to_o one_o of_o the_o prefect_n of_o the_o town_n the_o same_o office_n he_o have_v before_o it_o be_v suspect_v it_o be_v deliver_v by_o treason_n pillage_v the_o next_o day_n after_o they_o begin_v to_o plunder_n the_o city_n and_o the_o sackage_n endure_v from_o the_o 24._o of_o november_n till_o the_o 5._o of_o december_n in_o which_o they_o neither_o spare_v man_n woman_n or_o child_n but_o all_o whosoever_o come_v in_o their_o way_n be_v cruel_o put_v to_o the_o sword_n nor_o be_v there_o hear_v any_o other_o speech_n but_o kill_v kill_v these_o barbarous_a rebel_n yet_o they_o spare_v some_o artificer_n to_o conserve_v the_o necessary_a art_n as_o also_o some_o strong_a and_o lusty_a man_n such_o as_o they_o see_v able_a to_o carry_v away_o the_o pillage_n of_o the_o city_n but_o final_o the_o 6_o day_n of_o december_n come_v out_o a_o edict_n which_o 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he_o be_v a_o man_n to_o who_o the_o tartar_n owe_v their_o empire_n in_o china_n and_o such_o a_o one_o as_o who_o both_o tartar_n and_o chinese_n love_v and_o fear_v for_o his_o prudence_n justice_n humanity_n and_o skill_n in_o martial_a affair_n the_o death_n of_o this_o potentate_n do_v much_o trouble_v the_o court_n for_o the_o brother_n to_o this_o man_n call_v quingtus_fw-la will_v needs_o pretend_v to_o the_o government_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o of_o the_o young_a emperor_n xunchius_n but_o both_o the_o tartar_n &_o the_o chineses_n resist_v his_o claim_n allege_v that_o be_v of_o sixteen_o year_n old_a he_o be_v able_a to_o govern_v the_o kingdom_n himself_o &_o in_o conformity_n to_o this_o opinion_n all_o the_o precedent_n depose_v the_o ensign_n of_o their_o office_n refuse_v ever_o to_o receive_v they_o from_o any_o but_o from_o the_o young_a install_v emperor_n xunchius_n to_o which_o constancy_n the_o king_n kuintus_fw-la uncle_n to_o the_o emperor_n prudent_o yield_v lest_o he_o shall_v exasperate_v the_o mind_n of_o many_o and_o raise_v great_a trouble_n in_o the_o empire_n but_o i_o can_v doubt_v but_o the_o death_n of_o amavangus_n must_v needs_o endanger_v the_o tartarian_a empire_n and_o bring_v all_o their_o affair_n into_o great_a disturbance_n for_o they_o will_v hardly_o find_v a_o man_n so_o belove_v fear_a and_o expert_a in_o all_o military_a discipline_n and_o government_n as_o he_o in_o effect_n show_v himself_o to_o be_v but_o time_n will_v teach_v we_o what_o will_v become_v of_o all_o for_o since_o his_o death_n we_o have_v no_o certainty_n of_o any_o relation_n now_o let_v we_o turn_v the_o thread_n of_o our_o discourse_n as_o i_o promise_v here_o above_o and_o consider_v the_o fortune_n and_o success_n of_o the_o other_o great_a brigand_n call_v changhienchungus_n to_o let_v the_o reader_n understand_v how_o the_o
tartar_n do_v invade_v not_o only_o the_o mediterranean_a and_o oriental_a part_n but_o also_o the_o occidental_a quarter_n of_o that_o vast_a kingdom_n but_o before_o i_o begin_v to_o speak_v of_o this_o monster_n of_o nature_n i_o must_v ingenious_o confess_v tyrant_n i_o be_o both_o ashamed_a and_o also_o touch_v with_o a_o kind_n of_o horror_n to_o declare_v his_o villainy_n both_o in_o respect_n they_o seem_v to_o exceed_v all_o belief_n and_o therefore_o i_o may_v perchance_o be_v hold_v to_o write_v fable_n as_o also_o because_o it_o be_v no_o grateful_a thing_n to_o make_v reflection_n on_o such_o subject_n yet_o i_o may_v sincere_o protest_v that_o i_o have_v in_o my_o hand_n a_o long_a relation_n of_o all_o his_o act_n write_v by_o two_o religious_a person_n who_o be_v then_o in_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n to_o exercise_v their_o function_n which_o country_n be_v the_o theatre_n of_o all_o his_o brutality_n which_o i_o shall_v relate_v and_o because_o i_o judge_v these_o two_o person_n to_o be_v of_o a_o incorrupted_a faith_n i_o judge_v therefore_o that_o a_o mortal_a man_n may_v arrive_v to_o this_o pitch_n of_o wickedness_n and_o inhuman_a cruelty_n i_o therefore_o gather_v out_o of_o that_o relation_n what_o i_o here_o relate_v which_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o a_o vast_a mass_n of_o such_o abominable_a cruelty_n as_o i_o doubt_v not_o even_o the_o most_o mild_a reader_n will_v take_v the_o author_n to_o be_v no_o man_n but_o some_o horrid_a wild_a beast_n or_o rather_o if_o no_o more_o execrable_a name_n occur_v some_o devil_n transâ—vested_v in_o our_o humane_a nature_n this_o monster_n like_o a_o wild_a bear_n enter_v into_o divers_a province_n fill_v all_o with_o rapine_n death_n fire_n and_o sword_n with_o all_o other_o imaginable_a misery_n for_o he_o have_v a_o mind_n to_o destroy_v all_o that_o so_o he_o may_v have_v no_o enemy_n or_o leave_v any_o alive_a that_o may_v revolt_v from_o he_o but_o only_o content_v himself_o with_o 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imaginary_a injury_n he_o destroy_v all_o the_o quarter_n of_o the_o city_n in_o which_o he_o dwell_v and_o think_v he_o much_o bridle_v his_o fierceness_n that_o he_o do_v not_o whole_o extinguish_v all_o the_o city_n to_o this_o i_o add_v another_o unhuman_a act_n about_o his_o hangman_n who_o it_o seem_v he_o love_v above_o the_o rest_n because_o he_o be_v cruel_a this_o man_n die_v of_o a_o disease_n he_o cause_v the_o physician_n who_o have_v give_v he_o physic_n to_o be_v kill_v and_o not_o content_a with_o this_o he_o sacrifice_v one_o hundred_o more_o of_o that_o profession_n to_o the_o ghost_n of_o his_o decease_a officer_n he_o be_v affable_a and_o sweet_a towards_o his_o soldier_n he_o play_v banquet_v and_o feast_v with_o they_o converse_v familiar_o with_o they_o and_o when_o they_o have_v perform_v any_o military_a action_n with_o honour_n and_o valour_n he_o give_v they_o precious_a gift_n of_o silk_n and_o money_n but_o yet_o many_o time_n he_o command_v some_o of_o they_o to_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n before_o he_o upon_o very_o small_a cause_n especial_o such_o as_o be_v of_o the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n where_o he_o reign_v who_o he_o entire_o hate_v because_o he_o think_v they_o do_v not_o rejoice_v in_o his_o royal_a dignity_n insomuch_o as_o he_o hardly_o ever_o do_v any_o public_a action_n which_o though_o it_o begin_v like_o a_o comedy_n yet_o have_v not_o in_o fine_a the_o sad_a catastrophe_n of_o a_o tragedy_n suchuen_n for_o if_o walk_v out_o he_o do_v but_o espy_v a_o soldier_n ill_o clad_v or_o who_o manner_n of_o gate_n or_o walk_v be_v not_o so_o vigorous_a or_o masculine_a as_o he_o desire_v he_o present_o command_v he_o to_o be_v kill_v he_o once_o give_v a_o soldier_n a_o piece_n of_o silk_n who_o complain_v to_o his_o fellow_n of_o the_o poornesse_n of_o the_o piece_n and_o be_v overhear_v by_o a_o spy_n of_o which_o he_o have_v a_o great_a number_n who_o present_o acquaint_v he_o with_o what_o be_v say_v he_o present_o command_v he_o and_o this_o whole_a legion_n which_o be_v of_o two_o thousand_o man_n to_o be_v all_o massacre_v he_o have_v in_o his_o royal_a city_n some_o six_o hundred_o prefect_n or_o judge_n and_o man_n belong_v to_o the_o law_n officer_n such_o as_o manage_v the_o principal_a office_n and_o in_o three_o year_n space_n there_o be_v hardly_o twenty_o leave_v have_v put_v all_o the_o rest_n to_o several_a death_n for_o very_o slight_a cause_n he_o cause_v a_o sergeant_n major_n which_o the_o chineses_n call_v pingpu_n to_o be_v flay_v alive_a for_o have_v grant_v leave_v to_o a_o china_n philosopher_n without_o special_a order_n to_o retire_v a_o little_a to_o his_o country_n house_n and_o whereas_o he_o have_v five_o hundred_o eunuch_n take_v from_o the_o prince_n of_o the_o taimingean_a family_n after_o he_o have_v put_v their_o lord_n to_o death_n he_o command_v all_o these_o to_o be_v cruel_o put_v to_o death_n only_o because_o one_o of_o they_o have_v presume_v to_o style_v he_o eunuch_n not_o by_o the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n but_o by_o the_o bare_a name_n of_o changhienchungus_n as_o if_o he_o than_o be_v no_o thief_n nor_o do_v he_o spare_v the_o heathenish_a priest_n who_o sacrifice_v to_o their_o idol_n these_o sort_n of_o man_n before_o he_o come_v into_o this_o country_n have_v feign_v many_o crime_n against_o the_o priest_n which_o preach_v the_o faith_n of_o christ_n have_v raise_v a_o bitter_a persecution_n against_o they_o which_o god_n of_o his_o goodness_n do_v turn_v so_o much_o to_o their_o good_a as_o they_o have_v permission_n to_o teach_v and_o preach_v public_o the_o law_n of_o christ._n but_o after_o this_o tyrant_n come_v into_o the_o country_n the_o chief_a of_o these_o heathenish_a priest_n be_v apprehend_v for_o some_o word_n let_v fall_v against_o he_o and_o in_o the_o presence_n of_o the_o father_n who_o by_o accident_n be_v then_o at_o audience_n with_o the_o tyrant_n he_o be_v behead_v and_o although_o they_o have_v learn_v of_o christ_n to_o do_v good_a for_o evil_n yet_o know_v the_o phrenetical_a anger_n and_o fury_n of_o this_o monster_n who_o use_v to_o punish_v those_o that_o intercede_v with_o the_o punishment_n of_o the_o offender_n they_o dare_v not_o make_v any_o motion_n for_o the_o least_o favour_n it_o be_v true_a this_o cruel_a beast_n love_v these_o father_n and_o will_v often_o converse_v with_o they_o who_o he_o experience_v wise_a and_o learned_a and_o he_o will_v often_o call_v they_o to_o the_o palace_n to_o entertain_v he_o in_o discourse_n but_o they_o know_v well_o his_o precipitous_a anger_n go_v ever_o prepare_v for_o and_o expect_v death_n and_o indeed_o they_o be_v thrice_o depute_v to_o death_n and_o a_o four_o time_n escape_v also_o by_o god_n particular_a providence_n as_o we_o shall_v relate_v in_o time_n and_o
place_n but_o he_o be_v not_o content_v with_o the_o death_n of_o one_o of_o these_o same_o heathenish_a priest_n but_o have_v get_v together_o about_o twenty_o thousand_o of_o the_o same_o profession_n he_o send_v they_o all_o to_o hell_n to_o visit_v their_o master_n who_o they_o have_v serve_v and_o then_o he_o will_v applaud_v himself_o as_o if_o he_o have_v do_v a_o very_a heroical_a action_n say_v to_o they_o these_o man_n will_v have_v take_v away_o your_o life_n thousand_o but_o thiencheu_o so_o they_o call_v god_n which_o signify_v the_o lord_n of_o heaven_n have_v send_v i_o to_o revenge_v your_o cause_n &_o inflict_v due_a punishment_n upon_o these_o wretch_n he_o will_v often_o confer_v also_o with_o the_o father_n of_o christian_a religion_n and_o that_o so_o proper_o as_o a_o man_n will_v take_v he_o for_o a_o christian._n he_o praise_v and_o high_o extol_v the_o religion_n of_o christian_n which_o he_o well_o understand_v partly_o by_o the_o conference_n which_o he_o frequent_o have_v with_o the_o father_n and_o partly_o by_o read_v their_o book_n which_o for_o the_o instruction_n of_o christian_n they_o have_v write_v in_o the_o china_n language_n &_o have_v often_o promise_v to_o build_v a_o church_n to_o the_o god_n of_o christian_n worthy_a of_o his_o magnificence_n when_o he_o once_o come_v to_o be_v emperor_n of_o china_n and_o indeed_o all_o the_o work_v he_o erect_v be_v verâ—_n splendid_a and_o magnificent_a but_o he_o pollute_v they_o all_o with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o workman_n for_o if_o he_o find_v they_o have_v but_o commit_v the_o least_o error_n or_o the_o least_o imperfection_n he_o present_o put_v they_o to_o death_n upon_o the_o place_n on_o the_o north_n part_n of_o the_o country_n of_o suchuen_n where_o it_o confine_n with_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la lie_v the_o strong_a city_n call_v nanchung_a which_o though_o it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o county_n of_o xensi_fw-la hanchung_a yet_o in_o respect_n it_o be_v both_o so_o strong_a and_o of_o so_o great_a a_o extent_n it_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v the_o key_n of_o both_o the_o two_o province_n the_o tyrant_n endeavour_v by_o all_o industry_n to_o make_v himself_o master_n of_o this_o important_a place_n as_o be_v a_o convenient_a passage_n to_o the_o rest_n wherefore_o in_o the_o year_n mdcxlv_o he_o levy_v a_o vast_a army_n consist_v of_o one_o hundred_o and_o fourscore_o thousand_o man_n all_o native_n of_o the_o county_n of_o suchuen_n beside_o those_o of_o his_o own_o which_o have_v always_o follow_v he_o he_o send_v before_o this_o numerous_a army_n which_o besiege_v the_o town_n a_o long_a time_n but_o find_v so_o rigorous_a resistance_n that_o they_o begin_v to_o be_v weary_a and_o about_o forty_o thousand_o of_o those_o soldier_n of_o suchuen_n revolt_v to_o the_o prefect_n which_o govern_v the_o beleaguered_n city_n by_o which_o mean_v the_o army_n be_v constrain_v to_o return_v to_o the_o tyrant_n without_o any_o memorable_a action_n and_o 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but_o he_o quick_o disperse_v they_o be_v whole_o unexperienced_a in_o military_a discipline_n other_o that_o be_v wise_a leave_v the_o city_n retire_v into_o the_o mountain_n which_o be_v in_o a_o manner_n the_o only_a man_n who_o escape_v his_o fury_n after_o this_o he_o call_v all_o the_o student_n of_o the_o country_n to_o be_v examine_v for_o their_o degree_n promise_v to_o give_v those_o honour_n to_o whosoever_o shall_v deserve_v they_o best_o and_o the_o chineses_n be_v so_o bewitch_v with_o the_o desire_n of_o these_o dignity_n student_n that_o they_o do_v not_o conceive_v the_o perfidious_a stratagem_n of_o the_o tyrant_n there_o appear_v therefore_o in_o the_o public_a hall_n depute_v for_o that_o ceremony_n about_o eighteen_o thousand_o person_n all_o which_o he_o command_v his_o soldier_n to_o massacre_v most_o barbarous_o say_v these_o be_v the_o people_n who_o by_o their_o cavil_v sophism_n solicit_v the_o people_n to_o rebellion_n i_o have_v a_o horror_n to_o relate_v so_o many_o unhuman_a slaughter_n and_o yet_o i_o see_v myself_o overwhelm_v with_o new_a one_o for_o what_o a_o addition_n be_v it_o to_o all_o his_o relate_a barbarity_n to_o tell_v you_o that_o he_o never_o spare_v child_n boy_n nor_o girl_n no_o nor_o matron_n with_a child_n and_o ready_a to_o lie_v down_o what_o a_o excess_n of_o all_o inhumanity_n to_o take_v the_o prefect_n wife_n matron_n when_o their_o husband_n be_v condemn_v but_o yet_o alive_a and_o to_o expose_v these_o woman_n to_o all_o kind_n of_o villainy_n and_o then_o to_o kill_v they_o this_o be_v so_o resent_v by_o many_o as_o they_o rather_o choose_v to_o kill_v themselves_o than_o to_o undergo_v so_o infamous_a and_o public_a a_o opprobry_n to_o their_o honesty_n i_o forbear_v to_o relate_v more_o of_o such_o detestable_a and_o execrable_a example_n lest_o i_o offend_v the_o ear_n and_o mind_n of_o the_o reader_n by_o such_o abomination_n let_v we_o therefore_o suppress_v these_o impurity_n and_o pass_v to_o what_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n mdcxlvi_o when_o the_o tartar_n enter_v into_o the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la to_o give_v he_o battle_n so_o as_o he_o be_v force_v to_o go_v out_o to_o meet_v they_o and_o to_o the_o end_n he_o may_v leave_v the_o country_n behind_o he_o with_o more_o security_n he_o resolve_v to_o cut_v off_o all_o the_o inhabitant_n except_o those_o which_o inhabit_v the_o north-east_n quarter_n by_o which_o he_o be_v to_o pass_v and_o therefore_o must_v needs_o reserve_v these_o creature_n to_o assist_v and_o furnish_v his_o army_n with_o all_o necessary_n and_o therefore_o he_o defer_v their_o death_n to_o another_o time_n first_o therefore_o he_o command_v all_o the_o citizen_n of_o what_o quality_n or_o condition_n soever_o that_o do_v inhabit_v his_o metropolitan_a city_n of_o chingtu_n to_o be_v bind_v hand_n and_o foot_n which_o be_v do_v by_o a_o part_n of_o the_o army_n which_o he_o have_v call_v in_o and_o then_o ride_v about_o they_o which_o vast_a multitude_n be_v relate_v to_o have_v be_v above_o six_o hundred_o thousand_o soul_n he_o view_v they_o all_o with_o less_o compassionthan_fw-ge the_o cruel_a tiger_n will_v have_v do_v while_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n these_o poor_a victim_n with_o lamentable_a cry_n chingtu_fw-la which_o penetrate_v the_o very_a vault_n of_o heaven_n and_o may_v have_v move_v a_o heart_n compose_v of_o stone_n or_o rock_n hold_v up_o their_o hand_n beg_v of_o this_o outrageous_a tyrant_n to_o spare_v the_o life_n of_o his_o innocent_a people_n he_o stand_v a_o while_n pensive_a like_o a_o astonish_a and_o amaze_a creature_n so_o as_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o imperfect_a crisis_n wherein_o humane_a nature_n struggle_v a_o little_a with_o those_o bowel_n and_o that_o heart_n which_o be_v compose_v of_o all_o cruelty_n but_o present_o return_v to_o his_o beastly_a nature_n kill_v kill_v say_v he_o and_o cut_v off_o all_o these_o rebel_n upon_o which_o word_n they_o be_v all_o massacre_v in_o one_o day_n out_o of_o the_o city_n wall_n in_o the_o presence_n of_o this_o bloody_a monster_n those_o religious_a person_n which_o be_v there_o the_o father_n of_o christianity_n resolve_v to_o make_v their_o address_n for_o the_o tyrant_n to_o save_v their_o convert_n life_n and_o though_o all_o man_n judge_v it_o a_o desperate_a attempt_n yet_o they_o obtain_v the_o life_n of_o those_o they_o claim_v so_o as_o they_o distribute_v themselves_o at_o the_o city_n gate_n and_o as_o their_o client_n pass_v bind_v to_o the_o shambles_n they_o merciful_o unbind_v their_o shackle_n and_o rescue_v they_o from_o death_n by_o which_o occasion_n also_o they_o perform_v another_o acceptible_a sacrifice_n to_o god_n in_o baptise_v a_o infinite_a number_n of_o child_n which_o the_o soldier_n willing_o permit_v so_o as_o the_o horrid_a and_o execrable_a cruelty_n of_o this_o tyrant_n prove_v as_o advantageous_a to_o
&_o antiquitatibus_fw-la ejus_fw-la disquisitione_n authore_fw-la jacobo_fw-la waraeo_n eq._n aurato_fw-la octavo_fw-la by_o who_o also_o all_o sort_n of_o book_n bring_v from_o beyond_o the_o sea_n be_v to_o be_v sold._n finis_fw-la the_o true_a effigy_n of_o f._n aluarez_n semedo_n procurator_n of_o y_fw-fr e_o province_n of_o japan_n &_o china_n tho_n cross_n fecit_fw-la see_v a_o large_a discourse_n of_o the_o order_n of_o this_o leaf_n and_o of_o the_o many_o virtue_n of_o the_o drink_n in_o the_o voyage_n and_o mission_n of_o alexanderd_n rhodes_n print_v at_o paris_n 1653._o 1_o part_n 13_o cap._n it_o be_v call_v also_o tay._n see_v the_o syriack_n inscription_n explain_v by_o kirkes_n in_o his_o prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3._o pag._n 73._o see_v another_o translation_n somewhat_o differ_v from_o this_o in_o kircher_n prodrom_n copt_n cap._n 3_o pag._n 53._o the_o tartar_n be_v ancient_a enemy_n to_o china_n who_o be_v the_o tartar_n the_o tartar_n conquer_v china_n heretofore_o tamburlaine_n never_o take_v china_n the_o tartar_n emperor_n of_o china_n a_o great_a gaâ—ison_n upon_o the_o wall_n against_o the_o tartar_n a_o long_a peace_n in_o china_n the_o tartar_n think_v of_o invade_v china_n the_o first_o cause_n of_o the_o tartarian_a war_n the_o second_o cause_n the_o three_o cause_n the_o first_o irruption_n of_o the_o tartar_n into_o china_n the_o tartar_n protestation_n against_o china_n the_o barbarous_a and_o superstitious_a vow_n of_o the_o tartarian_a king_n the_o chief_a city_n of_o leaoyang_n besiege_v and_o take_v a_o stratagem_n against_o musket_n many_o other_o city_n take_v how_o the_o tartar_n use_v their_o conquer_a to_n the_o tartar_n call_v himself_o emperor_n of_o china_n an._n 1618._o god_n punish_v china_n for_o their_o persecution_n of_o christian_n the_o tartar_n return_v with_o great_a riches_n the_o emperor_n vanley_n die_v taichangus_n succeed_v and_o die_v theinkins_n be_v choose_v those_o of_o corea_n more_o valiant_a than_o the_o chinese_n new_a preparation_n against_o the_o tartar_n the_o port_n of_o thiencin_n very_o commodious_a the_o valiant_a amazon_n of_o china_n the_o first_o invention_n of_o the_o christian_n to_o advance_v christianity_n the_o tartar_n be_v cast_v ouâ—_n the_o tartar_n make_v war_n again_o they_o besiege_v leaoyang_n and_o take_v it_o constancy_n reward_v by_o the_o enemy_n the_o tartar_n habit_n and_o manner_n the_o tartar_n perfidiousness_n the_o valiant_a commander_n of_o china_n the_o faithfulness_n of_o the_o commander_n in_o china_n the_o overthrow_n of_o the_o tartar_n their_o cruelty_n the_o king_n of_o china_n and_o tartary_n both_o die_v zungchinius_n choose_a emperor_n of_o china_n thienzungus_n more_o mild_a than_o his_o predecessor_n the_o soldier_n insolence_n exasperate_v the_o country_n of_o corea_n the_o tartar_n be_v bâ—ought_v into_o corea_n corea_n waste_v the_o fight_n and_o slaughter_n of_o 3._o army_n the_o eastern_a part_n of_o leaotung_n be_v under_o the_o tartar_n the_o portugese_n send_n succour_n a_o crafty_a commander_n of_o the_o china_n army_n mâ—ovenlungâ—â—_n poison_v the_o king_n court_n besiege_v the_o perfidious_a general_n kill_v the_o tartarsâ—orrage_n â—orrage_z all_o the_o country_n of_o peking_n &_o depart_v the_o king_n of_o tartary_n die_v another_o succeed_v zungteus_n the_o new_a king_n of_o tartary_n prudent_a &_o mild_a mildness_n and_o gentleness_n to_o be_v use_v in_o conquer_a nation_n a_o barbarous_a principle_n of_o the_o chinese_n ignatius_n the_o chief_a commander_n of_o the_o christian_n unjust_o kill_v ignatius_n his_o fidelity_n ignatius_n his_o piety_n he_o choose_v rather_o to_o die_v than_o either_o to_o reign_v or_o to_o serve_v the_o tartar_n the_o thief_n in_o china_n a_o chief_a occasion_n of_o its_o overthrow_n several_a thief_n they_o be_v defeat_v but_o not_o vanquish_v famine_n augment_v the_o thief_n and_o the_o emperor_n his_o avarice_n the_o commander_n aspire_v to_o the_o empire_n the_o name_n of_o the_o chief_a felon_n they_o vex_v several_a province_n they_o besiege_v the_o noble_a city_n caifung_a a_o unheard_a of_o famin._n the_o city_n of_o caifung_a be_v drown_v the_o general_n of_o the_o thief_n take_v the_o title_n of_o a_o king_n he_o take_v the_o country_n of_o xensi_fw-la call_v himself_o emperor_n the_o thief_n good_a government_n the_o prefect_n discord_n be_v another_o cause_n of_o the_o ruin_n of_o china_n the_o thief_n take_v the_o province_n of_o xensi_fw-la the_o emperor_n of_o china_n be_v trouble_v the_o stratagem_n of_o the_o thief_n the_o royal_a city_n of_o peking_n be_v take_v the_o emperor_n have_v kill_v his_o daughter_n hang_v himself_o the_o thief_n tyranny_n and_o cruelty_n the_o tartar_n call_v into_o china_n against_o the_o thief_n the_o thief_n fly_v from_o the_o tartar_n they_o carry_v away_o the_o treasure_n of_o the_o palace_n zungteus_n king_n of_o the_o tartar_n die_v the_o tartar_n refuse_v to_o depart_v china_n â—â—eir_fw-fr craft_n 〈◊〉_d deceit_n a_o great_a company_n of_o tartar_n enter_v china_n the_o tartar_n seize_v upon_o the_o empire_n of_o china_n xunchiis_fw-la crown_v the_o first_o emperor_n of_o the_o tartar_n 〈◊〉_d china_n the_o fidelity_n of_o the_o king_n tutor_n call_v amavangus_n vsangueius_fw-la force_v to_o serve_v the_o tartar_n it_o be_v not_o know_v what_o become_v of_o licungzus_n the_o tartar_n subdue_v several_a province_n they_o change_v no_o law_n of_o the_o nation_n hungquangus_fw-la crown_v emperor_n in_o hanquin_n the_o tartar_n admit_v no_o peace_n zunchinius_n his_o son_n appear_v at_o nankue_v he_o cause_v trouble_n in_o china_n the_o flight_n of_o the_o chinese_n the_o city_n yangcheu_o resist_v the_o tartar_n be_v take_v and_o burn_v the_o tartar_n take_v several_a place_n the_o emperor_n hunquangus_fw-la be_v take_v and_o kill_v the_o tartar_n run_v to_o the_o city_n hangcheu_fw-la king_n lovingus_fw-la love_n to_o his_o subject_n many_o of_o the_o king_n soldier_n drown_v hangcheu_o be_v take_v the_o chineses_n defend_v their_o hair_n the_o tartar_n pass_v the_o river_n and_o recover_v the_o city_n xaâ—king_v the_o island_n of_o cheuxan_n become_v a_o kingdom_n the_o city_n of_o kinhao_n be_v take_v and_o destroy_v the_o tartar_n take_v in_o fokien_n very_o easy_o king_n lunguus_fw-la slay_v the_o province_n of_o quamgtung_n be_v take_v a_o famous_a pirate_n in_o china_n the_o tartar_n deceive_v the_o pirate_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n by_o mere_a art_n the_o tartar_n overthrow_n quangsi_n jungley_n make_v emperor_n of_o china_n the_o heir_n to_o the_o empire_n become_v christian._n thief_n infest_v the_o province_n of_o fokien_n changus_n the_o commander_n of_o the_o tartar_n besiege_n kien_v in_o vain_a it_o be_v at_o length_n take_v and_o raze_v how_o the_o tartar_n dispose_v their_o garrison_n kinus_n governor_n of_o a_o province_n rebell_v the_o hatred_n betwixt_o the_o two_o prefect_n disturb_v the_o country_n of_o kiansi_fw-la many_o place_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n the_o deceit_n of_o the_o governor_n of_o cancheu_fw-la kinus_n besiege_v by_o the_o tartar_n kinus_n break_v out_o of_o the_o city_n the_o city_n of_o nanchang_n be_v destroy_v three_o king_n create_v with_o as_o many_o army_n against_o jungley_n the_o emperor_n of_o china_n house_n rise_v against_o the_o tartar_n the_o barbarous_a resolution_n of_o a_o tartarian_a governor_n the_o chief_a city_n call_v sigan_n be_v besiege_v the_o tartar_n insolence_n produce_v great_a danger_n kiangus_n rise_v against_o the_o tartar_n kiangus_n gather_v great_a force_n kiangus_n overthrow_v the_o tartar_n by_o a_o stratagem_n he_o bear_v the_o tartar_n again_o amavangus_n himself_o go_v against_o kiangus_n the_o tartar_n banner_n the_o tartar_n delight_n in_o hunâ—ing_n amavangus_n dare_v not_o fight_v with_o kiangus_n kiangus_n be_v kill_v xanchius_fw-la the_o emperor_n marry_v kengus_n hang_v himself_o the_o city_n of_o quangâ—hen_o be_v take_v and_o pillage_v the_o emperor_n jung_o fly_v the_o author_n of_o the_o relation_n of_o china_n the_o tartar_n offer_v a_o church_n to_o christian_n corea_n revolt_v from_o the_o tartar_n amavangus_n die_v changhienchungus_n a_o cruel_a tyrant_n he_o kill_v divers_a prince_n for_o one_o offend_v he_o put_v all_o to_o death_n his_o hatred_n to_o the_o people_n of_o suchuen_n he_o cut_v off_o a_o legion_n for_o one_o man_n fault_n he_o kill_v many_o city_n officer_n and_o he_o kill_v also_o the_o eunuch_n for_o one_o man_n fault_n he_o kill_v twenty_o thousand_o he_o endeavour_v to_o take_v hanchung_a he_o kilâ—_n 140000_o man_n most_o cruel_o he_o kill_v all_o the_o student_n he_o kill_v the_o child_n and_o expose_v the_o matron_n he_o kill_v 600000_o in_o the_o city_n chingtu_fw-la many_o child_n baptise_a he_o kill_v all_o the_o soldier_n wife_n he_o burn_v his_o palace_n in_o the_o city_n of_o chingtu_n the_o tyrant_n be_v slay_v the_o province_n of_o suchuen_n be_v make_v subject_n to_o the_o tartar_n one_o of_o the_o emperor_n uncle_n be_v ill_o receive_v he_o hang_v himself_o
heaven_n and_o earth_n to_o hinder_v his_o come_n to_o the_o crown_n but_o see_v he_o can_v not_o effect_v that_o at_o least_o he_o maintain_v a_o seditious_a faction_n against_o the_o great_a one_o which_o final_o prove_v the_o destruction_n of_o the_o estate_n for_o these_o man_n band_v in_o two_o faction_n study_v more_o how_o to_o destroy_v one_o another_o than_o to_o advance_v the_o public_a good_a yet_o both_o party_n pretend_v the_o general_a benefit_n but_o both_o neglect_v it_o every_o party_n endeavour_v to_o extol_v and_o exalt_v his_o own_o creature_n into_o place_n of_o trust_n and_o power_n all_o which_o when_o zunchinius_n the_o emperor_n go_v about_o to_o redress_v he_o exasperate_v the_o mind_n of_o many_o of_o the_o commander_n against_o he_o for_o as_o soon_o as_o he_o come_v to_o the_o crown_n he_o cruel_o persecute_v all_o that_o favour_v the_o eunuch_n and_o in_o fine_a kill_v this_o very_a eunuch_n which_o have_v be_v he_o predecessor_n favourite_n together_o 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