with such Brotherly Love The Lominii three Sons of Gerion reign and such perfect Union that they gave occasion to the Fable That Spain was ruled by a King with three Heads Such was the Entrance of their Sway that it seemed they were resolved to preserve with Justice what their Father had gained with Violence But it was not long before it appeared they had rather be thought Sons of such a Father than Fathers of their Subjects They were good no longer than till they had the Power to be wicked which was till Osiris was removed Then remembring the People of Andaluzia Aragon and Valencia had been the Cause of their Father's Death by calling in Osiris they removed towards those parts on pretence of Affection but in reality to wreak their Revenge 2. Osiris being basely Murdered by his Brother Typhon his Son Orus Lybicus succeeded him having slain the Murderer The People of Andaluzia now again oppressed by the Tyranny of the Lominii who upon the departure of Osiris were exercising their revenge on those their Subjects Orus Lybicus or Hercules comes into Spain 〈◊〉 the Lominii 〈◊〉 makes his Son Hispalus King sent for and to Orus Lybicus called also Hercules who speedily came to their relief as his Father had done out of Africk where he had killed the Giant Anteus and marched after the Enemy who were retired to the Fastnesses of Lusitania and there resolutely waited his approach The Lominii had posted themselves in a secure place called formerly Saltus Tercenorum Hercules seeing them in place almost inaccessible resolved to save his Men and avoid the hazard of a Battle by challenging the three Brothers to fight him hand to hand which he did and they accepting of it were all three slain successively 1718. The Portuguese seeing their Princes slain began to move to revenge their Death but Orus making use of perswasions rather than force appeased them and calling the Nobles to him he made a Sacrifice of Thanksgiving This done he advanced as far as the Promontorium Sacrum where he built a magnificent Temple wherein the Aegyptian Ceremonies taught by the Founder were for many Ages after Religiously observed The People in acknowledgment for the Benefits received by Hercules or rather swayed by fear joyfully received his Son Hispalus for their King who continued in Lusitania with many of his Aegyptians 3. Hispalus was installed 42 Years after the Gerions had begun to Reign and being peaceably seated on the Throne his Father Orus Lybicus marched away for Italy The gentle Government of Hispalus was the reviving of the hearts of that People after so many Calamities but Prosperities are not durable for he died the 17th Year of his Reign Among the memorable Customs introduced by him were those of Burying the Dead and wearing Mourning for them what sort of Mourning it was appears not but that which many Ages after was used till the time of King Emanuel of Portugal and Ferdinand of Castile was on the lightest occasions rough Canvass and the deep used for Kings and such like occasions of the coursest Sack-cloth and that always White as is still used in China 4. Hispanus succeeded his Father Hispalus and was Proclaimed in the Temple of Hercules with great Ceremony The Spaniards in those days held it a crime to look upon the setting Sun therefore those that lived upon the Coast used to turn their backs towards it those who lived near the Promontorium Sacrum retreated at Night far off from it believing the Gods spent the Night there in Sport and Pastimes not to be seen by Mortal Eyes Only the Priests and the King on the Night of his inauguration were permitted to stay on that point of Land and look towards the West but as soon as the Sun quite disappeared they prostrated themselves on the Ground and then retired to the Temple where they continued till break of day when the King returned to the same place and continued there till the Sun again spread its Beams over all that part of the Country Then he returned joyfully to the People offered Sacrifice and was thence forward esteemed wiser than all others as being one that had seen Divine Secrets and Hidden Mysteries It is a common Opinion among the vulgar that Hispalis now Sevil was built by Hispalus and that the Name Hispania came from Hispanus 1169. who died when he had Reigned 32 Years leaving no Issue 5. Hercules Hercules Governs Spain and leaves the Crown to Hesperus after the Death of his Grandson Hispanus returned to Spain which he Governed Nineteen Years in Peace with singular Wisdom and Goodness and finding his end draw on he appointed Hesperus one of his Officers his Successor The Funeral Obsequies being performed 1650. Hesperus took upon him the Sovereignty but the giddy People being dissatisfied with his Government revolted from him to his Brother Atlas Italus who came out of Italy pretending a right as being the Elder Brother though neither had any other Title but the choice of Hercules which was of the Younger Hesperus deposed and Atlas set up in his place By this desertion of the Subjects Hesperus was easily deprived of the Crown and flying into Italy outlived not long his Misfortune Italus having Reigned in Portugal the space of Ten Years returned into Italy 1618. leaving the Dominion of Spain to his Son Sic-Orus He leaves the Crown to his Son Sicorus during whose Reign the Noise of Arms was not heard he left his Name to that River of Catalonia that washes the Walls of Lerida and is now called Segre but formerly Sicoris and a great part of that Country was of him long after called Sicoria he Reigned 55 Years 6. Sicanus the Son of Sicorus succeeded his Father Sicanus Succeeds them and Sicceleus him he is reported to have waged War in Italy and thence to have passed over and conquered Sicily which of him our Author will have to take the Name of Sicania and he to have Reigned 31 Years His Son Sicceleus immediately entred upon the Government and of him also is continued that Romantick Story of going into Italy with an Army where also he is said to have died in the 44th Year of his Reign 2453 from the Creation 797 from the Flood and 1509 before the Birth of Christ 1509. 7. After the Death of Sic-Celeus his Son Lusus was proclaimed King Lusus ascends the Throne and for the singular Affection he shewed to the Western part of Spain where he spent the most of his life that Country took his Name being afterwards called Lusitania Under this Name was comprehended all the Country between the Rivers Guadiana and Duero the main Ocean bounded it on the West and its limits on the East were formed by an imaginary line drawn almost straight from the turning of the River Duero near Castrominho down to Guadiana which River divided it from the Province Betica Nothing else is recorded of Lusus but that he
Forces 577. and invading the People called Rucones now Rieja subdued them Luiva was now King of the Goths and took for his Companion and Successor his Brother Leovigildus Which done he returned into France leaving Leovigildus in Spain to secure his former Conquests and add others to them He victoriously traversed the greatest part of Spain and at last enter'd Galicia Ariamirus in vain striving to put a Stop to his Progress who now perceiving how ineffectual Force proved thought better to try if Fair Means would prevail Therefore he sent Ambassadors to Leovigildus to put him in mind of the Peace and Alliance established betwixt their Predecessors and to desire the Renewing thereof Leovigildus content with this Submission curbed his aspiring Thoughts concluded a Peace and retired 3. Leovigildus had now two Sons Hermenegildus and Recaredus The first was married to Ingunda Daughter of Sigebert King of France and his Wife Brunechilde Upon this Marriage he lived apart from his Father and had the Stile of a King given him at Merida There by the Means of his Wife who was a Catholick and of his Uncle St. Leander Archbishop of Sevilâ— he embraced the Catholick Faith and in Baptism was called John Leovigildus the Goth Wars upon his Son Hermenegildus on Account of Religion His Father being an obstinate Arian was so offended at his Conversion that he deprived him of the Regal Dignity The Prince fled into Portugal and was there protected by King Ariamirus who was a Catholick Hermenegildus raised Forces but his Father coming speedily upon him he fled with 3000 Men to Ossela a Place thought impregnable But Leovigildus for all that enter'd it by Force put all to the Sword burnt the Town and carried away his Son Prisoner to Toledo From thence he made his Escape to Sevil where he fortified himself King Leovigildus laid Siege to that City being assisted by King Ariamirus of Portugal and having forced his Way into it carried away Hermenegildus to Tarragona where he was put to Death in the Year 586. Which Passage is here related to avoid interrupting the Narration 4. Our King Ariamirus died at that Siege 583. and his Son Eburicus then very young succeeded him in the Crown of Portugal under the Protection of Leovigildus the Goth. Endeca usurps the Crown of Portugal Endeca a Noble-man in great Power at the Portuguese Court taking Advantage of the King 's tender Years married Sisegunda the Queen-Dowager and with the Help of his Friends possessed himself of the Government upon pretence of managing it for the young King But having in Process of Time secured his Interest he usurped the Regal Title and put Eburious into Prison at first and soon after obliged him to take the Habit of a Monk that so he might forfeit his Pretensions to the Crown The Tyrant Endeca fearing Leovigildus the Goth who was Protector to the deposed King joined in League with Gunteranus the French King But the Goth whose Courage was not to be shocked sent his Son Recaredus against the French and himself invaded the usurping Suevian He is deposed and shorn a Monk by Leovigildus the Goth He soon took him Prisoner and obliged him to take the same Habit he had before forced upon the Rightful King and to enter into Holy Orders banishing him to the City Beja then possessed by the Goths Yet Leovigildus though he was thought to have conquered that Kingdom for Eluricus kept it for himself adding it to his other Dominions Thus ended the Kingdom of the Suevians after it had with various Turns of Fortune lasted about 180 Years 585. It expired in the Year 585. The People dissatisfied with Leovigildus rose up in Arms and proclaimed a Noble-man called Malaricus King but he being soon overthrown and taken Prisoner by the Forces of the Goth the Kingdom of the Lusitanians or Suevians was entirely brought under the Dominion of the Goths He persecutes the Catholicks but dies one himself The Lusitanians at this time continued firm in the Faith and Leovigildus ceased not to persecute the Professors thereof deposing the Catholick Prelates and filling their Places with Arians who perverted many of the People Leovigildus having raigned 18 Years died at Toledo a Catholick though he had lived an Arian His first Wife was Theodora Daughter of Severianus Governor of Cartagena and his Wife Theodora Daughter to Theodoricus King of the Ostrogoths in Italy and Sister to Isidorus and Leander Archbishops of Sevil and of Fulgentius of Cartagena By her he had Hermenegildus whom he put to death and Flavius Recaredus who succeeded him 5. Recaredus 586. born at Sevil in the Year 566 now in the 20th of his Age Recaredus succeeds inherited his Father's Throne He proved an excellent Prince and having embraced the Catholick Faith restored all those that his Father had expelled He becomes a Catholick His pious Intention of Assembling a National Synod was for some time obstructed by the Treasonable Conspiracies of the Hereticks The first Council was held at Merida under the Direction of Claudius who governed the small Remainder of the Roman Empire along the Sea-Coast of Lusitania Suna the Arian Archbishop being now compelled to resign that See to Mansona the Catholick before expelled by Leovigildus conspired with other Hereticks to murder him and Claudius Witericus who was afterwards King now one of the Conspirators laying his Hand upon his Sword to execute his Purpose he could not draw it whereat being moved he discovered the Treachery and was therefore pardon'd Suna the Heretical Archbishop was banished as were the other Accomplices and their Estates confiscated Amidst this Confusion Gunteranus King of France made War upon Recaredus sending against him an Army under the Command of his General Bossus Claudius a Man fortunate in War marched to oppose him and overthrew him near Carcassonne with a great Slaughter Some will have it that Claudius with only 300 Men defeated Bossus who had 60000 But let every one judge thereof as he pleases 6. Recaredus having thus subdued his Enemies both at home and abroad was at leisure to assemble the Council he had before designed at Toledo 589. Seventy two Prelates met together there A Synoâ— at Toledo St. Leander Archbishop of Sevil presiding The King himself made an Oration at the Opening of the Council Now the Arian Heresie was totally extinguished the Catholick Faith triumphed and Recaredus for his singular Piety had the Title of Catholick or Most Christian King conferred upon him 601. After triumphing over his which were the Enemies of Christ Recaredus dies our Religious King Recaredus died at Toledo He was born at Sevil in the Year 565 reigned 16 and lived 37. His Coin has been seen in our Age at several Places Some at Lisbon with this Inscription on the one side RECAREDUS REX and on the Reverse OLISIBONA PIUS Others at Evora with RECAREDUS REX and on the
Navarre kills King Bermudo and becomes sole Monarch of Castile Leon Portugal Galicia and Navarre and his Son Ferdinand succeeding him King Bermudo was in hopes to recover what Ferdinand's Father had taken from him They came to a Battel in the Valley of Tamara near Fromista where after a bloody Fight King Bermudo was killed and his Army overthrown Ferdinand now victorious immediately laid Siege to Leon and having made himself Master thereof he was there Crowned King of Leon Galicia and Portugal in the Right of his Wife Sancha the lawful Heiress of those Kingdoms Thus for want of Issue Male to the Kings of Leon and Earls of Castile those two Dominions fell to the House of Navarre 1037. by the Female Line 9. What I am about to relate happen'd in the Reign of King Bermudo but in what Year is not certain Two Grandsons of Prince Alboazar Ramirez Son to King Ramiro III called Tedon and Rosendo with a Body of resolute Men broke into that part of the Country that lies betwixt the Rivers Tavora and Duero Having drove the Moors thence A Stratagem of the Christians against the Moors they began to Till the Land and knowing well that the Infidels would not suffer them quietly to rest there they fortified themselves on a Rock over the River Tavora which running round great part of it makes it a sort of Peninsula which with the Steepness of the Rock it self renders it inaccessible any Way but one Here they built their Habitation and hence infested the Country of the Moors At length on Midsummer-Day which is much reverenced even by those Infidels in Honour of St. John the Baptist the Moors of the Town of Paredes resorted in great Numbers to sport and divert themselves on the Banks of the River and to bathe themselves in it D. Rosendo cloathing his Men in Moorish Apparel passed the River out of sight and lay close in Ambush till he saw all the Banks covered with the Barbarians Then by degrees coming out as if he had been some of their own Company he suffered his Men to mix with the Enemy who took them for Friends Being all mixed the Christians fell upon them and turned their Pleasure into Sorrow However many stood and made a good Defence and others coming to their Aid the Success was doubtful till D. Tedon fording the River with his Men ended the Dispute with the Slaughter of most of the Moors This and other Victories put the two Brothers in Possession of many Lands in that Country And in Memory of the Action they took to themselves the Name of the River which still continues in the Family of the Tavora's 10. The Fame of the Exploits of D. Tedon particularly that upon the River together with that of the Comliness of his Person reaching the Ears of Ardinga the beautiful Daughter of Aliboazen King of Lamego she fell in Love with him by Hear-say The Effects of Love Love perswaded her to quit her Father's Palace and disguised in the Habit of a Man through bye Ways she found out the Abbot Gelasius a solitary Hermit She told him who she was and the Cause of her Coming and he baptized her promising to perswade D. Tedon to take her to Wife This took not effect for her Father closely pursuing her overtook and put her to death Tedon hearing of her Love had promised to marry her and she being dead would take no other Wife but was afterwards killed by the Moors near a small Brook which of him was called Tedo So he took his Surname from one River and gave his Name to another There being nothing else remarkable recorded in Portugal during the Reign of King Bermudo and he being the last King thereof of that Name I must not omit to remark that Bermudo is the same Name with Veremundus which the Spaniards call Veremundo so that to make it Bermudo there is corruptly an e and an n omitted and to use B for V is common in Spanish Thus Bermudo and Veremundus appear to be the same Name CHAP. X. The remaining Kings from the Year 1037 till the Year 1108 and till the Establishment of Count Henry of Burgundy in the Sovereignty of Portugal where begins the Line of the Portuguese Kings and ends the Second Book 1. FErdinand Prince of Navarre inherited the Crown of Leon King Ferdinand called The Great in the Right of his Wife the Lady Sancha Daughter to King Alonso V and Sister to King Bermudo III who died without Issue The Earldom of Castile fell to him by his Mother the Lady Nunna and the Crown of Navarre he inherited from his Father Three Crowns were united in him and he was well worthy thereof purchasing by his Piety Valour and Bounty the Title of The Great The Moors believing King Ferdinand was wholly employed in reconciling his new Subjects in Castile Leon Galicia and Portugal broke into Lustainia but hearing he was provided to receive them they retired hastily He once provoked would not put up his Sword without doing Execution His Conquests over the Infidels He took the Town of Sea and the Cities Merida Badajoz Beja and Evora without any Resistance Viseo guilty of the Death of King Alonso and fearing a Revenge was strongly fortified and governed by Cid Alafun a notable Commander The King sate down before it resolving not to stir thence till he were Master of it Eighteen Days the City was battered and bravely defended at the End whereof being the Eve of the Feast of St. Peter and St. Paul it was enter'd by Force and never after returned under the Yoak of the Infidels The Man that shot King Alonso being taken in the City had his Eyes put out and both his Hands and one Foot cut off which done he was shot to Death The Governor Alafun had in Consideration of his Valour Lands given him to live upon paying a certain Tribute His Name is still preserved in those Parts in the Mountain called Alafun the Council of Alafâ—â—â— and other Places 2. The City Lamego held out no less obstinately during Twenty Five Days at the end whereof it was surrendred upon Articles the 22th Day of July It was not then used to expel the Moors but to bring them to pay a moderate tribute After these Conquests the King crossed the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho into Galicia to visit the Sepulcher of the Apostle St. James 1039. and make his Offerings there The following Year he conquered many places in the Province of Tras os Montes and pierced down even to the River Tagus King Ferdinand made glorious Conquests the ensuing Years but they being out of Portugal do not appertain to us Coimbra taken by the Advice and Assistance of the Monks of Lorvan Two Monks of the Monastery of Lorvan advertised the King that the City Coimbra was ill provided and worse fortified and therefore it would be easie to gain it King Ferdinand marched in December 1063
all these Calamities had not been sufficient to humble so small a number of People and so narrow a Country the Miramamolin Abenjoseph Brother to him that besieged Santarem assisted by the Kings of Cordova and Sevil entred Portugal with 400000 Men. The Moors ravage the Country All the open Country was by him miserably wasted and the Towns of Alcazar Almada and Palmela taken with all that the Christians had before gained in Algarve Our King not able oppose so puissant an Enemy concluded a Truce with him for five Years which ended in a wonderful Eclipse of the Sun This was followed by Earthquakes Earthquakes inundations and Storms for 8 Years Floods Storms at Sea and many other Calamities for the space of 8 Years Men laboured under a horrid Distemper for their Entrails consuming they died raving A considerable body of Portuguese was at the famous Battle of Alarcos in Castile against the Moors 1195. commanded by D. Ganzalo Viegas Master of Avis who died honourably in that glorious Action A multitude of Arabs after the Expiration of the Truce overran a great part of Portugal 1196. consuming all that was not before spoiled and putting to the Sword all the Monks of the Monastery of Alcobaza 1197. King Sancho at last provoked by these losses marched out with his Forces took Roca de Palmela and recovered Elvas not long before taken from him Next he made War on the King of Leon his Son-in-law having obtained of Pope Celestin III. 1200. the Croisade for all that fought against him as a favourer of Infidels against Christians He took from him the City Tuy and Towns of Pontevedrâ— and St. Payo de Lombeo and recovered Contrasta now called Valencia before taken by the King of Leon. At length these two Kings were reconciled through the mediation of the King of Aragon who to that effect came to Coimbra 1208. then the Court of Portugal Some time after there ensued Civil Wars in Portugal betwixt certain great Men the most considerable betwixt Peter Rodriguez de Pereyre and his Cousin Peter Mendez de Poyares who coming to a Battle near Valongo two Leagues from Porto the latter was there slain with many other Men of Note 7. The Holy City of Hierusalem being taken by Saladin the Christian Princes made preparations for recovery of it and our King Sancho designed to have gone thither himself but being disswaded sent supplies and encouraged the knights Templers and Hospitallers to proceed vigorously in that religious Enterprize In this King's time was used in Portugal the weight called a Talent A Talent used in Portugal but less than the Roman Greek or Hebrew being worth but four Ducats I have seen silver Coin of this King 's with his Image a Horseback on the one side his Sword held up a cross on his Reines and about it these Words In nomine Patris filij spiritus Sancti On the reverse the Arms of the Kingdom and this Inscription Sanctius Dei Gratia Rex Portugaliae King Sancho fixed not his abode in any one place but often removed that so all might equally enjoy his presence He was a great Patron to the religious and Military Orders careful of rewarding Merit a Friend to the Poor an Enemy to Idleness and true Father of his Country The misfortunes during his Reign and his own bounty might well have exhausted the Treasure yet so well did he manage it that at his death he distributed 7â—8000 Crowns and 1400 Marks of Plate and 100 of Gold His Legacies extended to Rome and Hierusalem The death of King Sancho he was of a middle Stature and strongly set he Reigned 26 Years and lived 57 died in March and lies Buried in the Church of the Holy Cross at Coimbra opposite to his Father whose Tomb is on the right side of the Altar His Tomb being opened by King Emanuel to put him into a new one 400 Years after his Decease the body was found uncorrupted 8. Some Years before the death of his Father His Issue he married Dulcis or Aldonza Daughter to Raymund Berengarius Earl of Barcelona by whom he had issue Alonso his Successor Ferdinand married to Joanna Countess of Flanders Daughter and Heiress to Baldwin Emperor of Constantinople Peter who married the Daughter and Heiress of Earl Armengaud in whose right he had the Earldoms of Vrgel and Segorbe and Island of Majorca Henry that died young and Raymund that lived a short time His Daughters were Teresa married to the King of Leon and parted from him on account of Consanguinity when she had three Children by him she is esteemed a Saint Mafalda married to Henry I. King of Castile and divorced as well as her Sister on the same account of Consanguinity she lies buried in the Monastery of Arouca and is Worshiped as a Saint Sancha who converted her own Pallace at Alenquer into a Franciscan Monastery which was the first in Portugal that holy Man being then alive She also built the Monastery of Celas near Coimbra and lies Buried at Lorvan with the same esteem as her Sisters Blanch Lady of Gaudalajara in Castile where she died but was translated to the Church of the Holy Cross at Coimbra among her Parents Berengaria died young at Lorâ—an and lies there His illegitimate Children were Martin Sanchez Earl of Trastamara Vrraca Sanchez Wife to Laurence Suarez Teresa Sanchez second Wife to Alonso Tello the Elder Giles Sanchez who became a Priest Constance Sanchez finished the Monastery of St. Francis at Coimbra Ruy Sanchez killed in Battle as will appear in the year 1245. Nunno Sanchez and Mayor Sanchez All these the King had before he was Married by a Lady of Quality called Mary Paez 9. King Sancho left out all the small Scutcheons used by his Father in his Arms His Armes only retaining the five principal in form of a Cross with the strings that bind them together In his time the Orders of St. Dominick and St. Francis first founded in Portugal and those of the Holy Trinity and Carmelites were then also admitted CHAP. V. The Life and Reign of King Alonso II. of the Name and third King of Portugal his actions and death from the Year 1183. till 1223. 1. ALonso Eldest Son to King Sancho 1185. and his Wife Queen Dulcis The Birth of King Alonso II. who was the third King of Portugal and second of the Name was Born the 25th of April in the famous City Coimbra He falling desperately sick and being given over by the Physitians his Father had recourse to Heaven for his Health which was obtained through the Prayers of the Holy Nun Sennorina then living in the Mountains of Basto of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho as an acknowledgment for which benefit received the King bestowed Lands and Possessions on that Church as did some of his Successors Soon after his miraculous recovery his Father sent him General against Torres Novas whence the Infidels
chief whereof was D. Payo Perez Correa Master of the Military Order of Santiago CHAP. VIII The Life and Reign of Denis the first of that Name and sixth King of Portugal his Actions and Death from the Year 1261. till 1325. 1. KIng Denis King Denis his Birth and Succession to the Crown Eldest Son to Alonso III. and Queen Beatrix was born at Lisbon on the 9th of October 1261. and was so called from the Saint whose Day that was From his Infancy he was educated in all those Vertues and Accomplishments that make an Excellent Prince In Truth Justice and Liberality he exceeded most of them that had been before him His Father dying when he was but Eighteen Years of Age though he honoured his Mother in all other Respects he would allow her no share in the Government She resenting this as an Affront went away into Castile pretending her Journey was only to pay a Visit to her Father That King desiring to please her took a Journey to Badajoz and sent to desire King Denis to come as far as Elvas Thither the Princes Peter Sancho Jayne and his Brother Emanuel repaired to him by whom the King of Castile desired they might meet at Badajoz King Denis having entertained them magnificently for the space of three Days sent them back saying He would soon be after them but suddenly returned to Lisbon thinking it a better Expedient not to meet his Grand-father than to deny his Request The Queen thus disappointed went away with her Father to Sevil where she continued being convinced her Son would admit no Partner in the Throne 2. The King being Twenty Years of Age He Marries Elizabeth the Daughter of King Peter of Aragon sent his Embassadors to Peter III. King of Aragon to ask his Daughter Elizabeth then but Eleven Years old in Marriage His Request was easily granted and the Bride conducted to Braganza where she was received by Alonso the King's Brother who conveyed her to Trancoso where the best King of Portugal and one of the best Queens in the World were marryed His next Care was â—o compleat what his Father had begun which was to dear the Kingdom of Robbers and Out-laws and to Protect the meaner sort against the Insolencies of Great Men and particularly the Country People whom he called the Sinews of the Commonwealth For this Reason and because he built many Castles he was called the Husbandman and Father of his Country Having at his Entrance into the Government passed many extravagant Grants when he came to the Age of 22 he recalled them all 1283. He had some Difference with his Brother Alonso who refused to make any Acknowledgment for the Towns left him by his Father Has Differences with his Brother Alonso and had some Pretensions to the Crown pleading that Denis was Born before the Death of the Countess of Bologne and consequently must be Illegitimate whereas he was Born after her Death when the Pope had ratified the Match They both took Arms and Alonso was besieged by his Brother in Portalegre yet at last they agreed The chief Articles were That Alonso should be allowed 30000 Crowns a Year out of the King's Revenue and instead of the Towns he possessed should have Sintra and Ourem for that the others were more dangerous to the King as lying on the Borders of Castile Thus ended those Civil Broils 3. A War broke out with King Sancho the Third of Castile War betwixt Castile and Portugal called the Fierce for that he performed not the Covenants about the Marriages of the Princes for Security whereof he had put into Portuguese Hands the Cities of Badajoz and Truxillo as also the Towns of Moura Serpa Caceres Allariz and Aguiar de Neiva All these Places he again suddenly surprized and made several inroads into Algarve and into Portugal by the way of Leon destroying all the Country before him King Denis being then wholly unprovided for War sent Embassadors to adjust Affairs but to no effect King Denis now moved to Wrath challenged King Sancho and at the same time caused his Forces to do much harm in the Enemy's Country Sancho designed to answer the Challenge but was prevented by Death at which time he ordered all that had been before stipulated should be performed Ferdinand the Fourth his Successor not answering what was expected from him King Denis sent his Embassadors to demand the Restitution of the Towns taken by his Predecessor and in case of Refusal to fix the Challenge upon him Restitution being denied the Challenge was accordingly given and the Embassadors withdrew This done King Denis with a Puissant Army marched from the City Guarda and entred Castile committing all manner of Hostilities Prince Henry who was Governour to the young King Ferdinand put a stop to our King 's further Progress making him advantageous Proposals and referring the Conclusion to Cuidad Rodrigo where the two Kings met with the Queen-Mother of Castile and concluded all Articles the Towns demanded by the Portuguese being put into the Hands of Ferdinand Longominhâ— as a Pledge for performing all other parts But this Compliance on the part of Castile being the Product of Fear and not of any Friendly Intention nothing of what had been promised was performed 4. King Denis draws together his Forces again Denis enters Castile the second time and furiously enters Castile and with him Prince John who stiled himself King of Leon as Son to King Alonso the Tenth and John Nunnez de Lara who was in Rebellion against his Prince Our Army being in the Province of Beira near the Frontiers of Castile there came to the King Margaret Daughter to the Earl of Narbonne Wife to Prince Peter the Son of King Alonso and with her her Son Sancho de Ledesma who offered to serve our King being disgusted with his own Yet tho he was much honoured and received great Bounties from King Denis he soon returned to his own Master and served against him of whom he had received such Favours King Ferdinand understanding that King Denis had invaded his Dominions sent his Fleet from Sevil under the Command of that Sancho we last spoke of to Lisbon where he surprized some Portuguese Vessels Our Admiral having gathered what Force he could pursued and overtook the Fleet of Castile without the Bar. The Fleet of Castile worsted by the Portugueses There was fought a most obstinate Battle till the Castillians were worsted and their Commander D. Sancho brought back Prisoner In the mean while K. Denis without Opposition ranged about the Territories of Cuidad Rodrigo and Ledesma where he took the Castle of Torres putting all the Defendants to the Sword He passed by Simancas where King Ferdinand was and laid Siege to Possaldes where neither Sex nor Age was spared nor was any Reverence paid to the Churches where the Altars were stained with Blood nor did their Sacrilegious Hands abstain from Plundering those Holy Places The Castilians were not
both Kings made short Speeches to their Men. This done the Armies engaged with such terrible shouts that the Mountains seemed to shake Nor was the noise of clattering of Arms less hideous Vast numbers of Dead were soon trod under foot and the wounded in that Confusion were scarce sensible of their hurts The two Christian Kings overthrow the Infidels Our King rushing into the midst of the Enemies made such havock that the Moors soon turned their backs and fled to Algezira the Portugueses making a greater slaughter in the Pursuit than they had done in the Fight The King of Castile with no less Bravery thrust himself into the midst of his Enemies till stopp'd in his rash Carreer by the Archbishop of Toledo Yet so did he press Aliboacem that despairing of Success he fled to Algezira and not thinking himself safe there passed the Streights over into Africk Both the Christian Princes followed the Chace as far as the Rivers Britabotellas and Guadamicil which they dyed with the Blood of Infidels 9. Queen Fatima with many other Moorish Ladies were killed by the Soldiers in their Tents Some Princes also died and two were taken The quantity and value of the Booty is not to be expressed The number of the Infidels and greatness of the Booty for they came to divide Spain among them and brought over above 100000 Families besides their innumerable Army all which was so great that they spent five Months in passing the Streights sixty Galleys being continually employ'd in Transporting them and twelve Galleys were fifteen days in carrying back the Remnants of this Overthrow 450000 Infidels are said to have died in this Battle Of the Christians so few were missing that it will be scarce credited if the Number were reported The Victorious Kings entred Sevil in Triumph the chiefest of the Captives dragging the Colours that were taken Many Carts followed laden with Spoil and then a multitude of Moorish Horses with all their Accoutrements Several Colours and Horses were sent for a Present to Pope Benedict The seventh day after the Victory the Portuguese being obliged to return home the Castilian laid all the Booty before him to take what he liked best whereof he only took some Arms one of the Captive Princes 1347. and five Colours The Prince he released without Ransom Eâ—lenor second Daughter to K. Alonso marry'd to Peter King of Aragon and hung up the Colours in the Cathedral of Lisbon 10. King Peter the Fourth of Aragon by his Embassadors demanded of our King his Second Daughter Ellenor in Marriage His Request was granted and her Portion settled at 50000 Doubloons The King of Castile endeavoured to hinder this Marriage but failing of his Design the Princess was carryed to Valencia and there marryed with great Solemnity 1348. The three following Years Portugal was infested with that Universal Pestilence A great Plague which began by the opening of the Earth after a terrible Earthquake in the Eastern Countries whence issued such a destructive stench as infected those Parts and thence diffused it self into these The Princess Constance dying after she had brought forth three Children our King found that Discord at home which had before drawn him thence He thought to Marry the Prince to strengthen the Succession to the Crown but found he was in Love with the Lady Agnes de Castro a Kinswoman and one of the Ladies to the late Princess and that enjoying her Person he refused a second Wife and enquiring farther into it K. Alonso his Eldest Son privately Marries the Lady Agnes de Castro he was informed they were privately marryed by Giles Bishop of Guarda and yet the Prince fearing his Father's Displeasure denyed it tho' he promised if it were really so to treat her as Princess The Nobility envying the Lady Agnes her Happiness perswaded the King to oblige his Son to Marry another Wife or else to kill her alledging that if she came to be Queen her Brothers Ferdinand and Alvaro would destroy the Princeâ—s Son Ferdinand that one of their Nephews might Inherit the Crown They also said the Lady Agnes was not of sufficient Quality to be a Queen but in this they wronged her for she was of Royal Blood and her Sister came to be Queen of Castile Upon these Pretences her Death was contrived and tho' the Prince had notice given him hereof by the Queen his Mother and the Archbishop of Braga yet he thought none durst attempt such an Action whilst he was in the way The King overcome by Perswasions set out from Monte-Mayor and went to Coimbra with a great number of armed Men at such time as the Prince was gone out a Hunting The Lady Agnes was in the Palace called S. Clare The Lady Agnes cruelly murdered and understanding the King came to kill her went out to receive him and falling at his Feet with the three Children she had bathed them with her Tears This sad Spectacle moved the King and he turned back to depart But those who had perswaded him to this Action the chief whereof were Alvaro Gonçalez James Lopez Pacheco and Peter Coello blamed the King's Remissness and so earnestly pressed him to give them leave to execute what they came about that he condescended and they immediately with more than barbarous Inhumanity struck off her Head 11. The Prince returning from Hunting The Prince begins his Revenge for some time was almost distracted with Rage Being come to himself he began to execute his Revenge destroying all the Country betwixt Duero and Minho where those Cruel Executioners had their Estates with Fire and Sword The City Porto he spared for the sake of the Archbishop who had given him notice of the Design Thus King Alonso's Disobedience towards his Father was now with more Reason punished by his own Son The Prince marched to the Town of Canaveses where the Queen his Mother and the Archbishop met and reduced him to submit to his Father and disband his Followers conditioning that both Parties should Pardon all Offences and that in all Places where the Prince was all Acts of Justice should be performed in his Name It was visible enough that the Prince would some time or other be revenged on the Murderers of the Lady The Murderers fly into Castile therefore the King being near his End advised them before his Death to shift for themselves They thereupon fled to Castile and we shall hereafter see what became of them This was the end of King Alonso an Unnatural Son towards his Father The Death of King Alonso and a Barbarous Father towards his Son Yet he was an excellent King either for Peace or War He coined a new sort of Money called Alfonsines worth in English Money about Three Shillings Many wholesom Laws were instituted by him and his Government was equitable and just He had a large Forehead but with wrinkles in it his Visage long a proportionable Nose a large Mouth his
Hair reddish and curled his Beard forked and long his Limbs gross and his Presence Majestick He died at Lisbon in May 1357. being 67 Years of Age 1357. and having Reigned 31 Years and a half His and his Queen's Tombs are to be seen in the Quire of the Cathedral of Lisbon 12. Queen Beatrix 〈…〉 Wife to King Alonso was Daughter to King Sancho the Fierce of Castile and of Queen Mary the Daughter of Prince Alonso de Molina By her the King had Issue 1. Alonso who died Young 2. Denis died much at the same Age. 3. John died in his Infancy 4. Mary who was Queen of Castile Wife to King Alonso XI and Mother to King Peter 5. Peter who Succeeded his Father 6. Elenor Queen of Aragon Second Wife to King Peter IV. This King reduced the number of Castles in the Orle being the Arms of Algarve His Arms. to 8. and the Bezants in each Escutcheon to 10. CHAP. X. The Life and Reign of Peter the First of the Name and the Eighth King of Portugal with his Actions and Death from the Year 1320 till 1367. 1. KING Alonso King Peter the first his Earth and his Queen Beatrix were Unfortunate in their Children who all died Young But Peter the 5th who was Born at Coimbra on the 19th of April 1320. He was by some called the Cruel by others 1320. Executor of Justice and this last Title most properly appertained to him His Accession to the Crown was in the 37th 1358. Year of his Age being twice a Widdower by the Death of his two Wives Constance and Agnes His First care was to secure Peace with his Neighbour 1357. the King of Castile which was accordingly Ratified The following Year it was farther Confirmed Peace concluded with Castile and it was agreed that Ferdinand Prince of Portugal should marry Beatrix Eldest Daughter to King Peter of Castile and the Princesses Constance and Elizabeth should marry John and Denis Sons to the Lady Agnes de Castro That both Kings should Aid each other by Sea and Land That the Portuguese should not joyn with the Aragonian or any other Prince without acquainting the Castilian That he should assist him against the Aragonian with whom he was then at War King Peter having now the Power in his Hands He punisheth the Murderers of his Wife the Lady Agnes de Castro and being at leasure to meditate his Revenge for the Death of his beloved Agnes was grieved at nothing more than that he thought the Lives of the Three Murderers too small an Expiation for the Death of her in whom he had lived Yet for some farther Satisfaction he resolved to make up in Torments what was wanting of Life in them We saw in his Fathers Life time how far he proceeded in his Revenge so as to raise a Civil War But scarce was he now seated on the Throne when the Three Murderers Peter Coello James Lopez and Alvaro Gonzalez were Attainted of Treason and their Estates Confiscated Next he contrived how to get them out of Castile and soon found the means to effect it for Peter Nunnez de Guzman Lieutenant of Leon Mem Roiz Tenorio Ferdinand Gudiel de Toledo and Fortun Sanchez Calderon being fâ—ed from Castile were then in Portugal He knew that King was no less desirous to reach them than he was to have the other Three Therefore he agreed with the Castilian that both should at the same time secure the Fugitives of the other which was accordingly put in Execution 2. James Lopez Pacheco had the good Fortune to be abroad a Hunting the Day the others were taken He being missed Guards were set upon the Gates that none might give him Notice but a Beggar got through unregarded and not only informed him of what had happened The Murderers Racked but changing Cloaths with him he got away with a Carrier to Aragon and thence into France Alvaro Gonzalez and Peter Coello were carried to Portugal as were the Four Castilians taken there conveyed to Sevil. King Peter was at Santarem when the two Prisoners were brought to him He instantly put them to the Rack to force them to discover their Accomplices But they continued silent or else answered far from the purpose which caused the King to lash Coello on the Face to which he returned nothing but reproachful Language The King smiling hereat said to the standers by Bring me Vinegar and Onion for this Rabbet for Coello in Portuguese signifies a Rabbet and that was the Sauce then used giving them thereby to understand he should be Burnt Whilst they were yet Living their Hearts were cut out one at his Breast and the other at his Back Lastly he caused them to be Burnt and the Table he dined at to be set in sight of the Fire Nor did King Peter's Amorous Flame expire here But before we shew what farther Effects it had we must observe in this Place that the Kings of Castile and Aragon being ready to break into War our King sent his Embassadors to the latter 1360. to Mediate a Peace That Prince complained to them that their Master should take part with Castile against him yet offered in regard of the Ancient Friendships betwixt the two Crowns and in respect to the Pope to give ear to Conditions of Peace 3. This was the posture of Affairs when our King discovered the Love he still entertained for the Lady Agnes The Funeral Pomp for the Lady Agnes de Castro by performing her Funeral Obsequies Being in the Town of Cantannede in the Presence of several Persons of Note he solemnly Swore That he had taken to Wife the Lady Agnes de Castro at Bragança Six Years before that time Then he caused the Witnesses of the Marriage which were Giles Bishop of Guarda and Stephen Lobato Master of the Robes to be Examined This done the Bishops of Lisbon Porto and Visco the Prior of Sancta Cruz and other Persons of Note meeting together published the said Marriage and the Causes why it was concealed as also the Dispensation granted by Pope John the 22th in regard that they were within the forbidden Degrees of Consanguinity An authentick Instrument to this purpose being formed several Copies were dispersed and the Original is still preserved among the Records at Lisbon Not content herewith he caused two Tombs of the whitest Marble and most exquisite Workmanship to be erected One of them for himself and the other for the Lady Agnes whose Image stood on the Top with a Crown on her Head that she might appear like a Queen after her Death These Tombs were placed in the famous Church of Alcobaça Then entring the Church of S. Clare at Coimbra he caused the Body to be taken up and being Crowned and Cloathed in Royal Robes placed it on a Chair where his Subjects kissed those Bones that were once beautiful Hands as being the remains of their lawful Queen After this Ceremony being put into a
Interment a Majestick Presence his Forehead large his Eyes black and beautiful his Hair reddish which he wore long his Mouth small his Visage long He somewhat stammered in his Speech was addicted to Poetry and some Verses of his are still extant He Reigned Ten Years wanting Two Months and died in January 1367. 1367. He is buryed by the Lady Agnes de Castro and his Picture to the Life on the Tomb. The Lady Constance his first Wife lies in the Church of S. Francis at Santarem By her he had Issue 1. Lewis who died an Infant 2. Ferdinand who succeeded in the Throne 3. Mary marryed to Ferdinand Prince of Aragon Son to King Alonso the Fourth His Children by the Lady Agnes de Castro were 1. Alonso His Issue who died a Child 2. Denis who refusing to kiss the Hand of Queen Ellenor Wife to King Ferdinand went away to Castile where he marryed Joanna Bastard-Daughter to King Henry 3. John who by the Advice of Queen Ellenor killed the Lady Mary Tellez de Meneses his own Wife and the Queen's Sister He should have succeeded King Ferdinand but that King John of Castile kept him Prisoner and in the mean while his Bastard Brother called also John usurped the Crown In Castile he marryed Constance Bastard Daughter to King Henry 4. Beatrix Wife to D. Sancho Earl of Albuquerque Bastard Son to King Alonso XI of Castile King Peter had one Bastard Son called John Master of the Military Order of Avis who after the Death of King Ferdinand usurped the Crown CHAP. XI The First Part of the Life and Reign of Ferdinand the first of the Name and ninth King of Portugal from the Year 1340. till 1373. 1. FErdinand was the Second Son of King Peter King Ferdinand his Birth and his Wife Constance He was Born in the City Coimbra and succeeded his Father at 27 Years of Age. The Peace and Treasures King Ferdinand inherited 1340. were not at all lasting 1367. for he engaged himself in a War against Castile He engages in a War against Castile pretending a Right to that Crown after the Death of King Peter as Great Grandson to King Sancho Henry the present Possessor being a Bastard and Regicide Many Persons of Note who fled out of Castile encouraged him in this Enterprize and many Towns not admitting Henry offered themselves to Ferdinand He bestowed vast Possessions on several of the Castilians that came over to him as particularly to Ferdinand Earl of Castro Xeres and Brother-in-law to King Henry he gave Fifteen Towns to D. Alvaro Perez de Castro his Brother Eight Towns the Earldom of Arroyolos and the Office of Constable to Ferdinand Alonso de Zamora Nineteen Towns and so to many others too long to recount besides Gifts in Money and Jewels which exhausted the Treasures left by his three Predecessors Many Cities and Towns also of Castile declared for our King where he immediately coined Money bearing the Arms and Titles of both Kingdoms Our King in outward appearance pretended more Zeal to Revenge the Murder of King Peter than Ambition to joyn that Kingdom to his own To inculcate this Opinion he sent Embassadors to the Pope the King of England and other Princes laying before them the heinousness of the Crime as committed by a Brother against his Brother and by a Subject against his Soveraign 2. Whilst the Embassadors were on their way Enters into League with the Moorish King of Granada the King concluded a League with the Moorish King of Granada for Fifty Years during which time they were to assist one another and neither was to pretend any Right to whatsoever Places of Castile were taken by the other nor was either of them if assisted with any Troops by his Confederate to allow them any Pay For farther Security King Ferdinand asked of King Peter the Aragonian his Daughter Ellenor in Marriage and Embassadors were sent on both sides to agree the Articles tho' that Lady was before betrothed to John the Eldest Son of King Henry The Princess was marryed by Proxy to our King at Lisbon the Aragonian Embassador representing her Person The Articles of Marriage were That she should bring 100000 Florins Portion That her Father should make War on Castile two Years That the Husband should give three Months Pay to 3000 Horse in his Father-in-law's Service Some Places in Castile were also allotted to the Aragonian for every Man gives freely of what he has not Soon after the Bridegroom that was to have been but never was sent a Rich Present to Barcelona for the Bride without expecting the Payment of the 100000 Florins He also sent Eighteen hundred weight of Gold to be coined to defray Charges there To Convoy the Bride seven beautiful Galleys were fitted out whereof that which was to carry her had her Sails of Silk wrought with Gold and all that was above Water was gilt The Rowers were cloathed in the King's Livery and many gallant Gentlemen went as Volunteers Among other things of value there was carried a Crown of inestimable price for the Bride D. John Alonso Tello Earl of Barcelos attended by the Bishops of Evora and Silves and the Abbot of Alcobaça went Embassadors and performed the Ceremony of marrying the Princess in his Masters Name But her Father put off the delivering of her till the Pope's Dispensation was obtained and times altering all came to nothing 3. King Ferdinand began the Wars in Galicia with a small Power Coruna and other Places voluntarily submitted to him Monterrey was taken by Force after it had made a vigorous Defence But understanding that King Henry drew near with numerous Forces Ferdinand went away by Sea to Porto leaving D. Nunno Freyre Master of the Military Order of Christ with 400 Horse in Coruna Alonso Gomez de Lira at Tuy and others in other Places 1369. Henry to bring our King to Peace Henry of Castile invades Portugal left them and entered Portugal burning all the Country as far as Braga where Lope Gomez de Lira made a vigorous Defence but was forced to abandon the Place after loosing 48 Men because he was not releived and the Town was not Walled nor Garisoned having Articled to Surrender if not releived by a certain time Henry finding the Place was not Tenable Burnt it and removed to Guemaraens which being better Fortified held out against him Seing he prevailed little by Force he thought to take it by Stratagem and to that purpose James Gonzalez de Castro got into the Place disguished like a Country-Man but being discovered was put to Death and his Body exposed to the Dogs Now it was that Count Ferdinand de Castro Brother-in-Law to King Henry carried about by him as a Prisoner made his Escape into the Town with his Keeper Ramiro Nunez and both went into the Portuguese's Service King Ferdinand who was then at Coimbra with a numerous Army with all speed made towards the Castilian sending before a
with the Aragonian and our King joyned in League with the former against the other But the Castilian knowing the inconstancy of Ferdinand soon came to agreement with the Aragonian The more to bind the Portuguese to him he proposed a Match betwixt our Princess Beatrix and his own Bastard-Son Frederick 1375. This Match being approved of by the Cortes at Leyria they were married by Proxy and the King of Castile Swore to perform the Articles of the Treaty 1376. on the 19th of January 1377. Our King being forsaken by the Castilian Prince John privately marries Mary Sister to Queen Ellenor concluded a League against Aragon with Lewis Duke of Anjou Son to the King of France Prince John of Portugal falling in Love with the Lady Mary Sister to the then Queen Ellenor raised also by her Beauty to the Throne he was privately married to her But Queen Ellenor instead of rejoycing at the Advancement of her Sister fearing that the King dying without Issue she might come to be Queen contrived her Death and to compass her ends she perswaded the Prince she would Marry him to the Princess Beatrix the King 's only Daughter and by that means secure him the Succession of the Crown At the same time she accused her Sister of defiling his Bed He Murders her The Prince moved with Hope and Revenge hasted to Coimbra and breaking in upon the Innocent Lady murdered her as she leaped naked out of Bed and taking Horse fled to secure himself and his followers As soon as the News of this Action came to Court 1378. the Queen went into deep Mourning The Prince easily obtained his Pardon and coming to Court began to sollicit the Conclusion of the Match before proposed to him by the Queen with the Lady Beatrix but finding nothing in her but Deceit he retired to the Province that lies betwixt Duero and Minho and thence fled to Castile where he was kept from the Crown of Portugal which would have fallen to him as we shall see in the next Reign had he not fled for killing his Wife 2. A mighty Solar Eclipse preceded the Death of Henry A great Eclipsâ— of the Sun King of Castile which happened on the 30th of May. Embassadors went immediately from Portugal to propose to John the new King a Match betwixt his Eldest Son Ferdinand then a Year old and Beatrix Princess of Portugal tho' she was before contracted to Frederick 1380. King Henry's Bastard Son The Castilian approving of this Proposal sent his Embassadors to Portugal who concluded upon the Articles of Marriage But notwithstanding this so late Capitulation King Ferdinand underhand treats with the Dukes of Lancaster and York about subduâ—ng of Castile King Ferdinand hoping to gain some Advantage over the Young King resolved upon War John Fernandez Andeyro one of them expelled Portugal upon the Pacification with King Henry was at this time in England to whom private Instructions were sent to treat with the Duke of Lancaster and Edmund Duke of York for Succours They espoused the Cause and Andeyro came away with the News to Portugal where the King being at Estremoz kept him up in a Tower that the Design might not take Air nor he seem to Entertain any of the Fugitives It fell out the Queen spoke sometimes with Andeyro in this Retirement and as Queens are but Women their Familiarity became scandalous for she who had forsaken her Lawful Husband for a King now abandoned that King for a Private Man whom she raised to the honour of an Earl After some time the King ordered him to appear publickly at Leyria as if newly come from England and there as had been agreed he was apprehended for coming into Portugal without leave Within a few days he was again set at Liberty and it was given out he should lose his Head if he stay'd in the Kingdom Under this Pretence he returned to England to sollicite the execution of the Treaty concluded 3. King John understanding that Edmund Duke of York raised Forces in England to Conquer Castile for his Brother the Duke of Lancaster who had a Right to it by his Wife the Daughter of King Peter and that he intended to assist the King of Portugal marched now as far as Zamora fitted out his Fleet at Sevil and sent Ferdinand Osores Master of the Knights of Santiago to secure Badajoz The King of Portugal had already fitted out 22 Galleys at Lisbon and sent Commanders to all the Frontiers The first Action of King Ferdinand was the demolishing the Walls of his own City of Evora which were so strong that three Years were spent in that Work The Portuguese Fleet commanded by the Earl John Alonso Tello the Queen's Brother set out from Lisbon and in the Sea of Algarve met with the Fleet of Castile consisting of 17 Galleys under the Command of Ferdinand Sanchez de Toar He being inferiour in number endeavoured to shun coming to an Engagement But our Admiral pursues and comes up with him off of Saltes All the Portuguese Fleet except one Galley taken by the Castilians having left behind 8 Galleys that went to take in some Fisher-Boats Toar seeing our Galleys dispersed bravely boards and takes 12 of the first that came up and afterwards Seven of the Eight that were behind Only one of our Galleys escaped to bring the News to Lisbon the rest were carryed in Triumph to Sevil. Few were killed in this Engagement but the Prisoners amounted to 6000. In the mean time the Master Ferdinand Osores infested the Frontiers with frequent Excursions from Badajoz Peter Alvarez Pereyra Prior of Crato marched with 1000 Lances and 4000 Cross-bow-Men in quest of him but came too late for he was retired to Badajoz King John streightly besieged the Town of Almeyda thither came to him Prince John who was fled from Portugal on account of killing his Wife and offered with the assistance of some banished Portugueses to cause Lisbon to be delivered up to the King Upon this he appeared before Lisbon with six Galleys but being disappointed of his Design returned back to Sevil. 4. King Ferdinand sent his Chancellor Laurence Yannez Fogaça into England to hasten the promised Succours The Duke of York set Sail from Plymouth with 3000 Men 1381. and entred the River of Lisbon on the 19th of July The Duke of York arrives at Lisbon with 3000 Men With him came the Princess his Wife and many Ladies as also his Son Edward and some of the banished Portugueses among whom was Andeyro who came not so much to serve the King in his Wars as the Queen in her Amours the King's Sickness administring a favourable Opportunity The King went aboard to receive the new Guests who were lodged in the Monastery of S. Dominick where Rich Presents were bestowed upon them and they were sumptuously entertained The King was by the Treaty obliged to furnish the English with Horses and he gave them
That in case King Ferdinand died without Heirs his Daughter should inherit and after her her Issue but if she had none then King John should succeed and that if King John his new Queen and the Princess Ellenor Wife to the Prince of Navar died without Heirs before King Ferdinand then he should inherit the Crown of Castile That till the new Queen of Castile had a Son Fourteen Years of Age Queen Ellenor her Mother should govern Portugal Thus it appears the future Pretensions of the King of Castile to the Crown of Portugal were just as were Queen Ellenor's to the Government and that the succeeding King John was an Usurper having no lawful Title to the Crown 8. King Ferdinand being Sick King Ferdinand falls sick his Queen Ellenor conducted the Princess then not full Thirteen Years of Age to Elvas When both Parties had sworn the Performance of Articles the King and his Bride met in Tents near that City Such was Queen Ellenor's Beauty that the Castilians seeing her said King Ferdinand were much to blame had he not loved her having seen her or if having loved her he had not made her a Queen Here the Cardinal of Luna produced a Dispensation for them to marry they being within the prohibited Degrees of Consanguinity after which there was a most splendid Entertainment Then they returned to Elvas where the nuptial Rites were solemnly performed with extraordinary Pomp and after all publick Testimonies of Joy and Demonstrations of Grandeur were over the King of Castile gave rich Presents to all the Portuguese Gentry Queen Ellenor returning to Almada where King Ferdinand lay sick and intimating That she liked not the King of Castile The Master of the Order of Avis commended his Sense and Modesty to which she answered That is true but I would have a Man be more a Man At last King Ferdinand being convinc'd of the extravagant Familiarity that was betwixt the Queen and Count John Fernandez Andeyro and being unwilling by punishing to expose her Weakness or to lose her he so passionately loved he ordered the Master of the Knights of Avis to make him away privately But though he performed not at this time what was enjoyned him yet afterwards he murdered him in the Revolution that happened when the Order was void 9. The King now spent with Sickness removed from Almada to Lisbon 1383. where he died very Penitent on the 24th of October 1383. Ferdinand dies He was almost Forty four Years of Age reigned Seventeen and was buried with Pomp in the Quire of the Monastery of S. Francis at Santarem His Presence was so Graceful and Majestick that through any Disguise he appeared to be a King his Visage was long his Complexion fair as was his Hair and his Eyes sparkling His Character The great Expence of his Wars obliged him to enhance the price of the Money whereof he coined several Sorts but after his Wars ceased all the Coin was restor'd to its intrinsick Value He removed the University erected by King Denis at Coimbra to Lisbon but it afterwards returned to the same Place from whence he brought it He was rather Prodigal than Liberal which may appear by the many Towns we have mentioned he gave to the Castilians that came over to him As to his other Gifts one Instance will serve to demonstrate the rest To John Alonso de Moxica one of the Castilian Gentlemen that came over to Portugal besides Towns and Lands he gave in one Day 50 Horses 30 Mules 3 Suits of Armour 30000 Marks of Plate and 4 Sumptures loaded with rich Tapistry He pulled down the Roman Walls of Ebora to build New And thus though unfortunate in all his Undertakings he secured to himself the Love of all Men. 10. His lawful Issue was His Issue first Beatrix married to King John the first of Castile they wronged her who said she was Daughter to Count Fernandez Andeyro for she was Eight Years of Age when he begun to be familiar with the Queen Secondly A Son who died in his Infancy Thirdly Another in the same nature One Bastard Daughter he had married to Alonso Earl of Gijon Bastard Son to King Henry the second of Castile from whom sprung the Family of the Noronhas The END of THE THIRD BOOK THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL The Fourth BOOK CHAP. I. The Birth Education and Actions of John Bastard Son to King Peter of Portugal His Promotion to be Protector of the Kingdom and Wars with Castile from the Year 1357. till the end of 1384. 1. JOHN Bastard Son to King Peter by Teresa Alonso of Galicia was born at Lisbon on the 22d of April 1357. 1357. In his Infancy he was kept by Laurence de Lyria John Bastard Son to King Peter aspires to the Crown a noted Citizen then delivered to Nunho Freyre de Andrade Master of the Order of Christ who presented him to the King at the Age of Seven Years asking for him the Mastership of the Order of Avis then vacant by the Death of D. Martin de Avelar This was the first time his Father saw him and having Knighted him gave him that Honour He was sent to receive it at Avis a Convent of that Order and was there educated till of Age to bear Arms. His Actions till the Death of King Ferdinand have been related it now remains to recount what he did afterwards The late King in his Will left the Administration of the Government to his Wife Queen Ellenor in pursuance of what had been Stipulated with King John of Castile upon his marrying the Lady Beatrix lawful Daughter to King Ferdinand tho the unbridled Malice of the Multitude Defamed her with the Name of Count John Fernandez Andeyro his Daughter Queen Ellenor entred upon the Government with Extraordinary tokens of Grief for the Death of the King her Husband The Council of the City of Lisbon advised her not to be so negligent in the Government as her Husband had been and she answered them so graciously that they went away well satisfied The King of Castile immediately sent Embassadors to condole her Loss and at the same time to require himself to be proclaimed King in the Right of his Wife and in pursuance of the late Capitulations Scarce was this mentioned throughout the Kingdom when a general reluctancy appeared in the Countenances of all Men. D. Henry Manuel de Villena Earl of Sea and Unkle to the King Castile was ordered to Proclaim him in Lisbon but was opposed by D. Alvare Perez de Castro in behalf of King Peter's lawful Issue by the Lady Agnes de Castro The same happened at Santarem Elvas and in most Places of the Kingdom King John proposed his Title by his Embassador to the City of Lisbon but it was not favourably received 2. The First contrivance of the Master of Avis Before his Assuming the Crown he Murders Count John Fernandez Andeyro with some others was to Murder the Count John Fernandez
Church of Alverca where it was buried The King was received at Lisbon in Triumphant manner Many Persons were executed on Account of these Troubles and their Heirs to the Fourth Generation declared Infamous The Prince's Enemies fearing the Queen might some time or other Revenge the Death of her Father advised the King to be divorced from her but he received her with all the marks of True Love and Affection They begged of him some Towns that had belonged to the Prince which he freely gave them but the Cities of Porto and Portalegre would not submit to be given away to any Body and were therefore annexed to the Crown 9. The Princess Ellenor during this time was contracted to the Emperor Frederick the Third The Princess Ellenor contracted to the Emperor Frederick the Third and was now delivered in the Month of August to his Embassadors They embarked at Lisbon and landed at Leghorn whence she was conducted to Sienna where the Bridegroom met her attended by Ladislaus King of Hungary his Brother Albertus the Arch-Duke and other Princes Hence they travelled together to Rome where they were crowned with the usual Solemnity 1451. Prince Ferdinand who was marryed to the Lady Beatrix 1452. Daughter to Prince John privately built a Caravel and went away in it to Ceuta to employ himself against the Moors but the King soon sent for him home and to settle his Mind gave him the Towns of Beja 1453. Moura and Serpa The great Monarch of the Turks Mahomet having taken Constantinople Pope Calixtus stirred up the Christian Princes to unite their Forces against the Common Enemy Our King offered to serve in Person one Year with 12000 Men but all these Projects fell to nothing Our Queen had before this time brought forth a Son and a Daughter whereof the former died 1455. and now on the third of May she was delivered at Lisbon of another Son whom she called John as the first had been for the special Devotion she had to that Name He was sworn Prince being but a Month old with great Solemnity The Queen upon this Occasion obtained leave of the King that the Body of her Father Prince Peter might be placed in the Tomb he had built for himself at the Famous Monastery of Batalla At this time also a Match was concluded betwixt the Princess Joanna King Alonso's Daughter and Henry the Fourth King of Castile She was Seventeen Years of Age and very beautiful which was all her Portion and she was conducted to Castile by Count Alvaro Gonzalez de Atayde Elizabeth our Queen died on the Second of December following The Queen's Death not without suspicion of Poison given her by her Father's Enemies fearing she might prevail with the King to Revenge his Death She was carried to the Church of Batalla with the greatest Pomp that had been used at the Funeral of any Queen For Beauty Patience Obedience and Piety she was inferior to none The Monastery of Xabregas of the religious of S. Eloy was founded by her 1456. The King ordered the Body of his Mother Queen Ellenor to be brought from Toledo to be buried at the Church of Batalla As far as Elvas it was conducted by the King and Queen of Castile and there they were met by our King 10. The Bishop of Silves brought the Croisade from Rome 1457. granted to Encourage Christian Princes to joyn their Forces against the Turks The Croisade brought into Portugal Our King made Preparations for that Expedition and recalled Peter the Constable and Master of Avis Son to Prince Peter who was Banished to Castile He also coined a New sort of pieces called Cruzadoes from the Croisade and the Cross on them These were of pure Gold and great Weight that they might pass in Forreign Countries but the other Christian Princes not answering on their Part he bent his Mind upon Prosecuting the Conquest of Africk Tangier was first aimed at 1458. but this Resolution was changed for Alcaçer Alcazer on the Coast of Africk taken by King Alonso Twenty thousand Landmen were appointed for this Service who set sail from Setuval the 12th of October in Two hundred Sail of Ships They no sooner arrived than that they were Victorious and reduced that Place the Particulars of which Action are in the Portuguese Africk A Peace was now established with the Duke of Britany 1459. whose Subjects had taken many Portuguese Ships which was repaid them in the same kind 1460. The following Year died Prince Henry who first gave Encouragement and promoted the Discoveries on the Coast of Africk A Year after he was followed by Alonso Duke of Bragança Bastard-Son to King John the First 1461. The King being advertised That it would be easie to surprize Tangier Tangier taken set sail from Lisbon in November and tho he met with many difficulties he became Master of that Place The Catalonians rebelling against their lawful Sovereign King John of Aragâ—n sent to invite Peter Son to the Unfortunate Prince Peter to that Principality as being descended of the Ancient Earls of Barcelona He hasted thither from Ceuta but lived not long there and lies buried in the Cathedral King Alonso went over from Ceuta to Gibraltar to meet the King of Castile who craved Aid of him against his Nobility that not content with staining his Honour sought to deprive him of the Crown 1464. Here it was agreed King Alonso should marry Elizabeth Sister to the Castilian and his Son Prince John the Princess Joanna but all this took no effect 1466. Queen Joanna of Castile on whom those People cast all their Reproaches accusing her of Adultery only in malice to D. Beltran de la Cueva the King's Favourite whom she treated with Courtesie came to the City Guarda to crave Aid of the King her Brother against the Rebels who called her Daughter a Bastard and had opprobriously used a Statue they had erected to the King her Husband King Alonso intended to have succoured her but was prevented by the Death of Prince Alonso of Castile who had been proclaim'd King in opposition to the King his Brother whereupon ensued some tranquility in the Affairs of Castile King John of Aragon made great Interest that his Son Ferdinand might marry Elizabeth Sister to the King of Castile Our King Alonso also sent Embassadors to demand her according to the Articles concluded at Gibraltar But these Embassadors could not prevail for she was already engaged to Ferdinand and much more to those who advised that Match in opposition to her Brother that she might the better with their assistance deprive him of the Crown That Match was concluded in February 1469. 1469. This is that Elizabeth so much admired by the Spaniards for Sanctity and yet by this it appears she aimed to Usurp the Crown from her Brother and actually did it from his only Daughter CHAP. VI. The remaining Part of the Life and
the Pope's Dispensation should be immediately obtained for him to Marry Queen Joanna true Heiress of Castile That each of them should appoint four Persons to adjust what Army and Treasure was requisite for carrying on their Design King Lewis readily offered a good Sum of Money to Bribe all such Governours of Towns as could by that means be drawn to their Party Embassadors were immediately dispatch'd to Rome to obtain the Dispensation and King Alonso set out to meet the Duke of Burgundy who then lay at the Siege of Nancy in Lorrain They met upon the River then frozen over and the King being conducted to the Army with all possible marks of Honour and Respect the Duke there shewed him how little Confidence was to be reposed in the Promises of the King of France who the next day appeared with an Army in favour of the Lorrainer The day after the Burgundian was killed and King Lewis being bent upon the Conquest of Burgundy sent King Alonso to Paris where he was received with the greatest Magnificence imaginable All the Embassadors could obtain of the Pope was that if the King of France would furnish King Alonso with a sufficient Force to reduce Castile he would then grant the Dispensation Hereupon the two Kings met at Arras where Alonso plainly discovered he could repose no Trust in Lewis He went away to Roan and there spent a great part of the Summer waiting till his Fleet was fitted out to return home He went down the River to his Fleet then at Harfleur but fearing to be stayed by the King of France and ashamed to return home after that unfortunate Journey K. Alonâ—â— resolves 〈…〉 his 〈◊〉 at Hierusalem he resolved to go spend the rest of his Days in Hierusalem On the 24th of September before Day he went out to a Chappel near the City with only four Servants having ordered his Chaplain Stephen Martinez to expect him half a League further There he dismissed one of the four giving him the Key of a Cabinet in which were found four Letters one for the King of France giving him an Account of his Design and desiring him to favour those Servants he left in his Kingdom Another for Prince John his Son charging him upon his Blessing immediately to cause himself to be Proclaimed King Another to the Kingdom in general Commanding the People to receive him as such The last was to those left at Harfleur directing them to be Obedient to the Earl of Faâ—â— till their return to Portugal 8. Monsieur de Labret by the King of France his Order attended upon King Alonso who sent out every way to find him and having met with him the second day stopped him but with all imaginable Respect There he received a Letter from King Lewis by which he was perswaded to alter his Resolution and to return to Portugal where on the Tenth of November his Son was Proclaimed King in the Town of Santarem 〈…〉 pursuant to the Letters he had sent to that effect Only four days had he worn the Crown when his Father arrived and he in Confusion asking how he should receive him The Duke of Braganza answered As your Father and as your King The Prince accordingly met him at Oeyras where kneeling he kissed his â—ands and resigned the Government up 〈…〉 Alonso would have contented himself with the 〈◊〉 of King Algarve but the Prince persisted he would accept of nothing during his Life Whilst the King was abroad Queen Elizabeth laid Siege to Toro which was bravely defended till one Bartholomew a Shepherd discovered to the Castilian Generals a Place which being thought unaccessible was left unguarded Wherefore Six Hundred Men in the Night conducted by the Shepherd surmounâ—ed all those difficult Passes and got into the Town The Count de Marialva who was Governour quitting the Castle fled to Castro Nunho yet the Lady Mary Sarmiento Widow of John de Vlloa who had been Constable of that Fort defended that Place till seeing no hopes of Relief she was obliged to surrender it upon most Honourable Articles Presently after Queen Elizabeth caused the other Places that held for Portugal to be besieged and had them surrendred to her In the mean while the Portuguese Forces wasted the Country about Badâ—â—oz and Cuidad Rodrigo and Alonso de Carâ—â—â—as Master of Santiago did the same on the Portuguese Borders both Parties executing the utmost Cruelâ—â—es usual in War 9. Upon the return of King Alonso out of France 14â—3 the War was revived 〈…〉 and he thought of Marrying the Lady Joanna having obtained a Dispensation but Prince John his Son used his utmost Endeavours to obstruct it The Bishop of Evora going into Castile with 700 Horse and 〈◊〉 Number of Foot to assist the Countess of Mâ—â—ellin 〈…〉 followed the Portuguâ—se Interest was met by the Master of Santiago routed and taken Prisoner yet bribing his Keeper he escaped to Merida and ever after did the Castilians much harm till the Peace was concluded Both Parties being sufficiently exhausted easily condescended to Treat of a Peace which was concluded at Alcaçovas on the Fourth of September 1479. excluding the unfortunate Princess Joanna Peace concluded betwixt the two Crowns who against her will was forced to become a Nun. Yet she lived to see God's Judgments fall upon them that drove her to that Necessity for Prince John who hoped to Marry his Son to the Princess Elizabeth of Castile and by that means to make him Heir to that Crown saw that same Son dragged to Death by a Horse and none of his Race ascended the Throne of Portugal King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth outlived their only Son John and had only a Daughter left who conveyed that Crown to the House of Austria 1480. Nor was the Plague that began the following Year at Lisbon and lasted Fourteen Years less to be accounted of than Heavenly Vengeance The Castilians contrary to the last Articles of Peace sent a Fleet to Trade on the Coast of Guinea Our King sent a Squadron under the Command of George Correa to obstruct them 1481. He met with 30 Ships of Castile upon the Coast called Mina and after a sharp Engagement obtained a compleat Victory bringing several of them to Lisbon 10. King Alonso ever since the Lady Joanna of Castile was constrained to take upon her a Religious Habit fell into an extraordinary Melancholy and had resolved himself to turn a Monk but returning from acquainting his Son with his Design to Cintra he there fell sick of a violent Fever which in a few days carryed him off His Death was upon the Eighth of August The Death of King Alonso in the 49th Year of his Age and 43d of his Reign He was oâ— a Graceful Presence somewhat bulky had a thick Beard his Hair dark-brown and of Condition extreamly courteous In War he was active in Peace negligent a Lover of Learning learned himself and was the first King that collected a
up the Ghost on the 25th of October 〈…〉 Being sensible he must die he commanded the Plate furnished by the Churches for the late Wars to be restored He ordered Duke Emanuel should Succeed him having first used all possible means to leave the Crown to his bastard-Bastard-Son George which was the greatest Act of Injustice he was 〈…〉 indeed that could be Having 〈◊〉 the Queen Princess Beatrix and the Clergy in his Life time he now begged Pardon of them 4. Tho' the King earnestly desired to see Duke Emanuel before his Death he could not compass it some Persons perswading that Prince his Design was to kill him There was a small Box whereof he always kept the Key which was generally supposed to contain nothing but Poison 〈…〉 Saint But this Box being opened after his Death there was found in it a Book of Instructions for to make a good Confession a Hair-cloath and a Discipline stained with Blood Hence the People took occasion 〈◊〉 call him a Saint as many before accounted him a Tyrant In his Will the King ordered 3000 Masses should be said for his Soul that 41 Orphans should be marryed that the like number of Captives should be redeemed that the great â—ospital of Lisbon should be finished that half the Plate taken from Churches by his Father for the War against Castile should be restored that Duke Emanuel should Succeed him in the Throne that his Bastard-Son George should have the City Coimbra with all the Royalties wherewith Prince Peter had it before that in case Duke Emanuel died without Issue the aforesaid George should Inherit the Crown and that none of the Persons banished the Kingdom by him should be restored After his Death he had the Commendations of his very Enemies His Body was conducted with great State from the Cathedral of Silves to the Monastery of Batalla where it is said to have been found long after uncorrupted which increased the Opinion of his Sanctity He marryed his Cousin-German Ellenor Daughter to Prince Ferdinand Duke of Viseo and the Lady Beatrix Daughter to Prince John She was a Princess endued with singular Beauty Wit and Vertue and lies buried in the Monastery of the Mother of God at Lisbon founded by her self in the Cloister among the Nuns is her Grave without any distinction 5. Let us now give some Specimen of the many Vertues that adorned this King 〈◊〉 Vertues First for his great Zeal in Matters of Religion Pope Innocent VII publickly called him The Eldest Son of the Church Daily he performed several Devotions upon his bare Knees and in the Holy Week spent whole Nights in mourning before the Sepulchre He forbid the use of Mules and because the Clergy said they would have recourse to the Pope on that account he made it Death for any Body to 〈◊〉 them and so that Dispute 〈…〉 Justice was such that he rewarded some Judges before whom he was Cast in Law Suits and hearing a Man was condemned to Death who had been Fourteen Years in Prison he pardoned him saying They better deserved to die who had kept him so long to Condemn him at last Few ever exceeded him in Liberality and Gratitude for having borrowed 1500 Ducats of Peter Pantoja and kept them but five days he then sent him his Money and 250 Ducats for the Use of it Pantoja complaining that the Interest was too great he ordered him as much more and said He would do so as often as he complained James Fernandez Correa his Factor in Flanders having lent Maximilian the King of the Romans 30000 Ducats without his Order he sent him Thanks for so doing and gave him 1000 Crowns Edward del Casal a Man of Worth having employed another to beg some Favour for him the King seeing him said Since you have Hands to serve me with why have not you a Tongue to speak to me 6. There was nothing that daunted him More of his good Qualities in so much that others fearing to go aboard the Fleet because of the Plague he went himself and is said to have spoke unconcerned with the Ghost of a Gentleman that was dead and came to warn him of the Conspiracy of the Duke of Viseo Favourites he never had any and was such an Enemy to those sort of Ministers that the Cardinal George da Costa who had entire influence over his Father fled to Rome before his Accession to the Crown None that deserved well passed unrewarded for he carryed about him a Table-Book in which were the Names and Services of all those that merited of him All Men had access to him their Business was heard and answered Truth was so much admired by him that he made D. John de Meneses his Lord Steward only because he said He always spoke the Truth 〈◊〉 it were displeasing to him As for Learning he understood Philosophy was skilled in Mathematicks well versed in History and a great admirer of Poetry Tho' his Countenance represented much of Gravity and his Carriage had much of Majesty yet at times he was pleasant and facetious To conclude his Government was inferiour to none of the best Kings that preceded him and may be a Pattern to all those that come after him Scarce any excelled him in all sorts of Vertues and foâ— his Zeal to Religion he was the first that propagated it in the Torrid Zone In short he was a Father of his People Bountiful Just Merciful Generous Brave a lover of Truth and sure rewarder of Merit 7. King John had only one Lawfully Begotten Son His Issue which was Prince Alonso born at Lisbon in the Year 1475. and who died as has been said unfortunately by a Fall off his Horse in the Year 1491. being newly married to the Princess Elizabeth Daughter to King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth of Castile This King had also One Bastard-Son called George created Duke of Coimbra Marquis of Torres Novas Master of the Military Orders of Santiago and Avis and Lord of the Lands that had belonged to Prince Peter He had also the Town of Aveiro and of him are descended the Dukes of that Title who keep the sirname of Lancaster taken by them in Memory of Queen Philippa Daughter to the Duke of Lancaster King John at length fixed the Arms of the Kingdom in the manner they are used at this Day reducing the Castles in the Orle to the certain Number of Seven and setâ—ing the Five middle Escutcheons upright 8. Discoveries in the Reign of King John were as follow 〈…〉 James Cano sailed to the River and Kingdom of Manicongo James Alonso de Aveiro to that of Beni and brought thence the first Pepper that came from those Parts Bartâ—â—â—â—mew Diaz to the Cape of Good Hope and passed beyond it to the River called Del Infante Peter Covillam and Alonso de Paiva Men versed in many Languages went to Grand Cairo in Egypt then embarking on the Red Sea saw the City Adem where parting Paiva went into Ethiopia
Kings Eldest Son dyes whom for his excellent qualities he entirely loved The Prince as has been before hinted had Laboured under a tedious sickness and tho' the Force of it was abated he never after enjoyed perfect health for there continued a defluxion upon his stomach which no medicines could ever remove but on the contrary some that were used seemed to hasten his End On the 3d of May he took to his bed and for 6 Days the Phisitians Employed all their Art for recovering of him the whole Clergy and layety offering up their Prayers to God for him All proved in vain for the Number of his days was compleat therefore on the Night he received the Viaticum and on the 15th gave up his Ghost The Encomiums bestowed on this Prince are so great they will appear incredible and therefore I think fitter to omit than trouble the Reader with them He dyed Aged 19 Years 3 months and 7 days His body was buryed in the Royal Monastery of Belem being Attended thither by an incredible multitude of the People Lamenting the Loss of so hopefull a Prince Immediately after his death the King assembled the Parliament in which his Second Son Prince Alfonso was Sworn Heir to the Crown The 3 Estates agreed to Support the charge of the War with the Tenth of all Temporal and Spiritual Estates and in case the Spaniards should besiege any considerable place then to add one Fourth part more of the said Tax but if it should happen the Enemy Invaded the Kingdom with such powerfull Forces as might bring it into danger then they offered all they had for the Support of the Crown Before the Parliament broke up the King sustained another Loss in the Death of his Eldest Daughter Joanna who departed this Life on the 17th of September She Lyes buried in the Monastery of Belem 3. The Affairs of Portugal continued much in the same posture we left them at the Courts of Rome The Portuguese Embassadors brother beheaded for murder in England France and Holland In England the Count de Penaguiao sollicited the settling of a Peace with the Usurper Oliver who was much offended at the protection given in Lisbon to the Princes Rupert and Maurice But this Embassador before the End of his Negotiation met there with a Disaster which cost the Life of his Brother The manner of it in short was thus D. Pantaleon de Sa the Embassadors Brother walking one Evening in the New Exchange and resenting an affront which he thought he had received from one Gerard the Night following repairs to the same place attended by the Embassadors retinue and with Sword and Pistoll falls upon all he meets A great Hubub rising the Portugueses were beat off chiefly by one Collonel May an Irish man One Greenway was killed in the scuffle For this Murder D. Pantaleon de Sa as the Author of the Tumult was Tryed and condemned Having in vain pleaded his priviledge and made his escape out of Prison by the help of the Lady Mohun being again taken he was beheaded upon a Scaffold on Tower-Hill 4. Francis Barreto who Commanded in Pernambuco Francis Barreto holds the Dutch closely besieged in Brazil tho' his Forces were much lessened and no supplies came was not at all discouraged but carryed on the Seige of Arrecife with a full Resolution either to Conquer or die The besieged were now reduced to despair and therefore determined to attempt gaining the Fort Arrayal which Sigismund their Generall knowing to be a difficult Enterprize endeavoured to divert them from but perceiving he Laboured in vain told them the only means to attack that Fort was by Gaining first the quarter of Aguiar On the 11th of March he marched out of the Fort Affogados with the greatest part of that and the Neighbouring Garrisons Captain Alfonso de Albuquerque Commanded at the quarter of Aguiar He not thinking it for his honour to receive them in his works marched out and soon drove them back to their Forts Twice after this they attempted the same Post and were both time repulsed with considerable Loss which caused them to forbear any farther attempts on the besiegers and employ their Men in bringing provisions from the River of S. Francis These Men were met there by 100 Portugueses and some Blacks Commanded by Captain Francis Barregos who the first firing was shot through the body Yet his Men continued the Charge with such bravery that they drove the Dutch to their Fort and thence to their Ships without the provisions they came for Here upon the Council sent one of their body into Holland to press for speedy releif but the Dutch having been defeated at Sea by the English were not then in a condition to send any Francis Barreto having notice hereof resolved when the Portuguese Fleet arrived to make his utmost Efforts for expelling the Enemy that Country Accordingly he met the Admirall and Vice-Admirall to concert the measures they were to take but the result of this Consultation and the Effect that followed belong to the next Year 5. D. Roderick de Alencastre at the Beginning of this Year D. Roderick de Alencastre defeats a party of Moores at Tanier succeeded the Baron de Alvito in the Government of Tangier which he managed with greater dexterity than many had expected by reason of his Youth Being informed that about a place called Gibalcaro there were certain Hords of Arabs come thither for conveniency of pasture he sent the Commander in cheife of the Horse with 92 Troopers to attack them by Night Being come near them some advised him not to fall on them till morning when he could do better Execution however he obeyed his orders slew a great Number of Infidels took 17 prisoners and returned with a great booty in which were six Camels which D. Roderick sent to the King D. Roderick performed severall other actions of less note for a Famine raging among the Moors at that time they brought him intelligence for bread and others brought Horses and Cattle to sell in the City 6. The danger increased in India War in India with the Dutch where D. Bras de Castro had usurped the Government for the Dutch threatened Ceylon and other places were not free from Apprehensions The three Governors who we said last Year commanded in Ceylon sent Gaspar de Figueyra de Serpa with 900 Foot to reduce the Towns that had revolted and bring in Provisions The King of Candia's Forces forsook the lower Country and entrenching themselves strongly endeavoured to exclude him the Upper He attacked them vigorously and their number being great was repulsed but they adventuring to pursue him he rallyed drove them back and entred their Works with them making a mighty Slaughter This Success made many Towns submit which payed their Arrears of Contributions and a great quantity of Cinnamon Provisions Arms and other Plunder was conveyed to Columbo Soon after 10 Companies were sent to attack a Town on the Frontiers
Germans having made their way through the Right were falling in upon the Left wing The Portugues General perceiving the danger sent Count Schomberg the Count de St. Lorenco and other chief Officers to give a check to the Enemy These having gathered the dispersed Troops and drawn fresh succours from all sides restored the Fight yet so that both wings were joyned together and so pressed the harder upon the Spanish Troops almost tired with the fatigue of the long Service Hereupon the Marquess of Carazena who from a Hill viewed the Action and gave orders seeing his Left wing born down sent orders to James Correa who Commanded on the Right either to come immediately to the relief of the Left or else by charging upon the Left of the Portugueses to draw them away to him Correa obeyed not his orders whether through cowardice or Treachery or that the ground would not permit is uncertain Thus the Italians and Germans being forsaken by their Friends and beset on all sides by their Enemies were almost all cut off yet dyed not unrevenged having made a great slaughter and amidst the multitude slain many Officers of note Count Schomberg narrowly escaping when his Horse was killed under him Now at length the Spanish Right wing came on after their Left was utterly lost but it was a matter of much difficulty to charge over the heaps of dead Bodies and scatter'd Arms. Besides the Horse were gauled by the scattering Companies of Foot who with their Pikes discomposed and broke their Ranks so that they were forced to wheel often and rather defend themselves then offend their Enemies At length being seconded by their Foot they gave such a violent Charge that the Portugueses who had stood long to it before with various Fortune fainting began again to decline till their General the Count of Castanheda seeing that was the last effort coming in with his Guards and what Troops he could gather and acting the part of a Soldier as well as of a General inspir'd new Courage into them and restored the Fight In this Heat when the Success stood doubtful two things concurred to bestow the Victory on the Portuguese One was the taking of James Correa General of the Spanish Horse the other that the Swissers serving in the Spanish Army being discontented for want of their pay went over to them The Spanish Horse dismayed at these two unexpected Accidents immediately fell off the Portugueses pressing upon them yet so as not being suffer'd to pursue the others rather retired then fled Nothing remained now but the Foot who being beset for that Count Schomberg had seized all the advantagious Posts The Spanish Army totally routed sought desperately having scarce any hopes left to escape The Fight had lasted seven Hours and both sides being tired both the Spanish Horse and Foot because the Portuguese did not pursue marched off with Speed and began to gather up such as had fled farther so that they made a considerable Body Count Castanheda unwilling to suffer so great a Party to escape sent Vasconcellos and John de Silva with some Troops of Horse who wheeling about a Monastery fell in with them and stayed their March till the Count came up with the rest of the Army The Spaniards being thus enclosed without hope of safety either by fighting or flying were finally overthrown and cut to pieces About 4000 Foot of several Nations who before the Spaniards were enclosed had retired to a place of Strength seeing the whole Army lost surrendered upon Discretion Near 1000 more who had fled to the Woods were either taken or perished there In all about 5000 of the Spaniards are reported to have been killed and not fewer taken and of both sorts were many Officers of Note Nor was the Victory cheaply bought above 2000 of the Victors being slain among which were several remarkable Persons This was the decisive Battle of Montesclaros which finally settled the Crown upon the Head of the new King of Portugal The Marquess of Carazena seeing all lost made his way to Villaviciosa where he ordered the Forces he had left there to continue the Siege to rise from before the Place least they should be overwhelmed by the Victorious Army They with all speed drew off their Artillery and marching in good Order though often attacked by the Portugueses made gooâ— their Retreat first to Jurumenha and thence to Badajoz whither the small remainder of the Army was fled Thus the Marquess in his old Age tarnished that Reputation he had gained in his Youth 6. This great Battle was the last Action of Note King Philip of Spain's Death that concluded the War betwixt Spain and Portugal for this Year on the 17th of October dyed Philip the IV. King of Spain leaving that Crown to his Son Charles II. then but four Years of Age and the Government being in the Queen his Mother she soon after concluded a Peace with Portugal Having now put an end to the War we shall in the few remaining Years have occasion only to treat of the Deposition of King Alphonso which insued and the tendencies to it 7. However to the end that Narration may be no ways interrupted though this be not exactly the proper place we will proceed without interruption to what remains Great debates had been at the Court of Madrid after the death of King Philip upon the subject of Peace or War Not only the multitude but even the most considerable of the Nobility considering the great Expence the many Losses and the little Progress made in the War were inclinable to Peace The Queen her self was for it but politick seemed averse the better to discover the dispositions of the People Nor would she seem to comply with their desires alone till the English Ambassador then Resident at Madrid had signified to her that unless she would hearken to some Proposals of Peace the King his Master should be obliged to protect and defend his Brother the King of Portugal with all his Forces both by Sea and land These Threats joyn'd to the general consent of her own Subjects at length drew the Queen to assent to a Treaty By her the King of England was chosen Mediator and Guarantee for the Treaty and Peace that was to ensue Commission was given to the Marquess del Carpio then a Prisoner at Lisbon to make the Overtures and Treat with full Power Not to enter into the tedious Transactions of the Treaty or to â—â—ll up too much space with the Articles at large the substance of them whereupon the Peace was finally concluded was this That both Kings should restore all Places taken during the War which either of them possest appertaining to the jurisdiction of the other except Ceuta on the Coast of Africk which the Marquess del Carpioâ— â—â—served to his King That all Confiscations made during the War should be restored by the Peace That all Trade and Commerce should be free betwixt the two Crowns and the Portugueses
Lancaster and York about subduing Castile p. 245 After the Peace he again submits to the Antipope p. 249 He falls sick p. 250 He dies His Character and Issue p. 251 Fifteen Thousand Spaniards slain by Mummius p. 30 Five persons appointed to govern after the Death of the King and Cardinal Henry the same to decide the Controversie concerning the succession p. 352 They rule Portugal p. 354 Flavius Gundemarus Reigns p. 99 Flavius Suintila Reigns He utterly expels the Romans p. 100 Fleet of Castile worsted by the Portugueses p. 211 Fleet of Castile ravages the Coast p. 248 Fleet of French at Porto p. 163 Fleet of English French and Flemmings in the River of Lisbon p. 164 Fleet sent against the Dutch p. 377 Forces of Castile overthrown by those of Portugal p. 146 Foreign Alliances concluded p. 410 Fort S. George on the Coasts of Africk p. 300 Francis Barreto prosecutes the War in Brazil p. 465 His further Actions in Brazil p. 470 He bolds the Dutch close Besieged in Brazil p. 476 Turns his blockade at Arrecife into a formal Siege p. 480 Francis de Lucena the Secretary put to Death upon account of a supposed Conspiracy p. 419 Froila a Portuguese Count rebels His submission p. 138 K. Fruela kills 60000 Moors p 115 Fruela II. Usurps the Crown p. 126 Fulvius overthrows the Spaniards p. 29 Funeral Pomp of the Lady Agnes de Castro p. 232 Further Discoveries in Guinea p. 307 G. GAlba governs the Province p. 32 Galba Emperor p. 76 Galicians overun the most part of Lusitania p. 66 Galienus Emperor p. 79 Garzia has for his part Galicia and the North of Portugal p. 124 Gargoris finds the use of Honey p. 12 Gascons come into Portugal and assist the Christians p. 136 General Council p. 276 Gerion comes into Portugal p. 5 He becomes King Introduces Idolatry p. 6 S. German Duke Besieges Olivenca p. 492 Goa Besieged by the Indians The Siege raised p. 571 Gonzalo Hermigues his Actions p. 169 Goths who they were p. 82 They enter Spain p. 85 Great and bloody Battle p. 111 Dearths and Storms p. 20 Famine p. 177 Fleet from Lisbon for the Conquest of Ceuta p. 271 Floods Storms and Sickness in Spain p. 65 Preparations in Spain and Portugal p. 422 Guimaraens betrayed to the New King p. 262 H. HAmilcar subdues all Spain p. 22 Hannibal settles in Spain p. 23 Marches into Italy p. 25 Henry the Count marries the Bastard Daughter of King Alonso of Castile p. 149 Opinions concerning him p. 151 His Original of Burgundy p. 153 His coming into Portugal He gains the Affection of King Alonso who marries his Aunt He takes to Wife Teresa the said King's Bastard Daughter and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory p. 154 Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor Prisoner For his good Services receives other Territories of King Alonso p. 155 Another Overthrow given by him to the Moors A Moorish King restored by him He performs other great Actions p. 156 His Death Character and Issue p. 157 Henry K. of Castile in Portugal p. 238 He invades Portugal p. 242 Quarters in the Suburbs of Lisbon p. 243 Henry Prince of Portugal marries Blanch Aunt to the King of Castile p. 220 He contracts with the Lady Constance Daughter to D. John Emanuel p. 221 Henry the Cardinal Regent p. 341 His Birth He is declared Protector and crowned King p. 349 His Death His Eulogy p. 353 Henry Son to the King of Congo comes into Portugal p. 322 Hercules governs Spain and leaves the Crown to Hesperus p. 10 Hercules the Theban in Spain â—verthrows Cacus p. 12 Hesperus deposed and Atlas set up in his pâ—ace p. 10 Hostilius Mancinus overthrows 30000 Spaniards p. 37 How things stood in Africk and India p. 444 Hypocrisie of a Nun. p. 367 I. S. James the Apostle in Spain p. 74 D. James de Lima Governor of the Province betwixt Duero and Minho p. 453 Iberus II. King of Spain p. 4 Jews conspire against the King and are punished p. 106 Fly out of Castile into Portugal p. 304 Banished the Kingdom p. 314 Ingratitude of certain Gentlemen p. 350 Inhuman Murder p. 140 Insolent Words of the Marquess de Cascais to the King p. 561 Interregnum of an Hundred Years p. 11 John Bastard Son to K. Peter aspires to the Crown p. 252 Before assuming the Crown he murders Count John Fernandez Andâ—yro p. 253 He is declared Protector of the Kingdom p. 254 The Castle of Lisbon taken by him p. 255 His Contrivances to usurp the Crown p. 256 He fails Sick p. 272 He dyes his Character Wife and Issue p. 273 His Arms discoveries in his time p. 274 His Funeral p. 275 John II. proclaimed King his Father arrives 4 days after p. 296 His Birth p. 299 He is again proclaimed King p. 300 Stiles himself Lord of Guinea p. 303 Is poysoned His Death p. 309 Is reputed a Saint his Virtues p. 310 More of his good Qualities p. 311 His Issue Discoveries during his Reign p. 312 John the III. King his Birth p. 329 He is proclaimed King p. 330 Marries Catherine Sister to the Emperour Ch. the V. p. 331 Sends Succors to the Emperour p. 333 Ordinances made by him p. 335 He dies p. 338 Actions abroad during his Reign p. 339 John the IV. proclaimed King in India p. 403 He rewards those that suffered for the Conspiracy at Carthagena p. 420 His last Sickness and Death p. 489 His Wiâ—e and Issue p. 490 John Prince of Portugal privately marries Mary Sister to Q. Elenor. p. 244 He murders her p. 245 John Prince of Portugal marries Joanna Daughter to Charles the V. He dies His Princess delivered of a Son p. 336 D. John of Austria with the Spanish Army invades Portugal Takes Aronches p. 501 Takes Alconchel p. 502 Burns and plunders the Country p. 503 Takes Villabuim and Borba Besieges Jurumenha p. 504 Takes Jurumenha p. 506 Enters Crato p. 507 Comes again into Portugal with an Army of 21000 Men. p. 509 Besieges Evora p. 510 Evora is delivered to him p. 511 Marches out of Evora to give the Portugueses Bartle p. 512 Is defeared Attempts Elvas and is repulsed p. 515 Islands of Bayona in Galicia p. 45 Jubelus III. King of Spain p. 4 Julian the Count Favourite to King Roderick p. 108 Is sent Ambassador into Africk p. 109 Meditates Revenge Brings the Moors into Spain p. 110 K. KIngs of the Alans and Suevians p. 83 King of Castile obstructs the Marriage of the Lady Constance p. 222 King of Castile marries the Daughter of K. Ferdinand p. 249 King of Castile invades Portugal Is at variance with Queen Ellenor p. 257 Kings of France and Portugal meet p. 294 King of Spain's Favourite disgraced p. 421 King bent upon publick Rejoycing for Peace p. 270 Kingdom of the Suevians united under Remismundus p 91 L. LEovigildus the Goth wars upon his Son Herminigildus on account of Religion p. 96 He
of Humane Vanity Those few Restorers of Mankind and small Remnant of that wonderful Desolation cleansed the Place and laid the Foundation of the first City in the World after its Destruction That it was called Saga Albina as the Rabbies will have it whom some learned Authors follow is very uncertain as are all other Things depending on Humane Faith which is very fallible though depending on the Credit of that very Age much more when delivered so long after The Infallible as being Divine Historian clears this Doubt when he calls it Babel for this Name belonged to the City before the Erecting of the Tower which was no more than a part of the other It is no less uncertain that Araxa a Daughter of Noah according to the same Authors remained as Sovereign of that City when the Inhabitants being grown too numerous were obliged to divide and spread themselves farther about the Earth 2. It was not so much their Multitude that obliged them to separate Wâ—â— the Of 〈◊〉 of Noah dispersed as the Discord that began to grow among them and even their Vices for they all rather chose to follow the Example of their wicked Ancestors who had suffered than to take Warning by their Punishment Even the Memory of that Chastisement instead of reclaiming served only to make them the more guilty For after having begged and obtained Mercy from God they proudly attempted to raise Works against Heaven and brave his Omnipotence They had the Presumption to believe they could secure themselves against another Deluge without the Assistance of God And whereas the surest Fence Mortals have against the just Indignation of the Almighty is his Mercy when humbly sued for yet they began that so famous Tower which as it was a Work prodigious for Men in that Infancy of their Reparation so it â—roved so meer a Nothing to GOD that He made 〈◊〉 of no other Engines to destroy it but the Tongues oâ— the Builders Hence many Ages after sprang that Greek Fable Of the Giants destroyed with Lightning for â—â—â—mpting to climb up to Heaven by laying Mountains upon Mountains Thus the most favoured Part of the Creationâ— in Heaven and on Earth both Men and Angels 〈◊〉 gave themselves up to Pride and Rebellion 3. Nimrod The Tower of Babel built Grandson to the wicked Cham was the Founder of this fond Structure which perished before it could be finished Wherefore finding now that GOD needed no other Power against the Machinations of Men but themselves and Discord still increasing more than the People which yet multiplied to Excess Life being granted for so long a Term of Years they concluded there was no Way to escape the Hand of GOD without they could find out Means to avoid one another the greatest Grievance being then to tolerate themselves This made them resolve to spread themselves farther than the narrow Bounds of the adjacent Provinces to seek the remote Parts of the Earth and commit themselves to the Sea in Vessels made after the Pattern of the Ark. So they marched into distant Countries and touched remote Shores still stretching farther and farther till they had filled the Circumference of this Terrestrial Globe The Heads of this first Transmigration were the Sons of our Second Father Sem Cham and Japhet Some say Asia Africk and Europe were their three Portions which were called the Three Parts of the World till Experience taught us they were but one of the two Continents which divide this Lower World and may seem to have been divided into three Parts in respect to them three 4. After these three first Universal Planters had separated themselves and inhabited the nearer Regions the Multitude still increasing their Children thought of sub-dividing and travelling to find out some remoter Habitations where every Head of a Family might erect himself a Sovereignty Tubal lands in Portugal Among these Tubal the fifth Son of Japhet sailing the Mediterranean passed out of the Mouth of the Streightâ— and leaving the Cape formerly called Promontorium Sacrum now Cape St. Vincent behind landed in the most Western Part of Europe and being invited by the Pleasantness of the Soil and Sereneness of the Air founded on the Edge of the Sea not far from the Mouth of Tagus the City Setubal Other Countries pretend he first built Cities among them I will not dispute it with them so I be allowed he came hither This happen'd about the Year of the World not to be too precise in such dark Antiâ—uities 1800 about 150 Years after the Deluge and â—070 before Christ and till the time that the Divine WORD was made Flesh we will reckon thus diminishing still the Years 5. These first Antiquities to most Men seem fabulous and therefore I will lightly run them over till those Times that afford us more Light of History there being no solid Grounds to fix the Credit of what passed before the Time of the Romans and Carthaginians Only as for the first Peopling of Spain by Tubal we have the Authority of Josephus who says That of Jobel came the Jobeli afterwards called Iberi Celtiberi and Spaniards 6. The first Form of Government as the most perfect was Monarchical and that not confined or restrained as since the Insolence of Subjects has made it but absolute There were no Laws to bind the Sovereign or People the Will of the Monarch was positive Law Princes at first studied rather how to maintain Tubal the first King of Spain than enlarge their Dominions In this manner Tubal governed Spain the Term of an Hundred Years and then gave them a Form of Law or rather Advice in Verse to be transmitted to Posterity He also settled a Form of Divine Worship as knowing that The Fear of GOD is the Beginning of Wisdom Tubal having reigned 155 Years 2009. died and was buried in that farther Part of Spain which in respect to his Ashes was called Promontorium Sacrum and which for many Ages the Natives thought it profane to tread And this Name continued till the first King of Portugul Don Alfonso Enriquez changed it to that of Cape St. Vincent 7. By the Death of Tubal Iberus the second King the Monarchy of Spain devolved upon his Son Iberus of whom some say the River Ebro took Name and Spain that of Iberia He invented the Art of Fishing reigned 37 Years and died in the Year 1972. 1972. before Christ Observe always that the Year one died the other commenced his Reign 8. Jubelus Jubelus the third King Jubalda or Idubeda Son and Successor to Iberus spent most of his time in the Study of Astrology or Natural Magick and ended his Days having reigned 64 Years 9. Upon the Death of his Father 1907. Brigus took upon him the Sovereignty Brigus the fourth King who built many Towns and Fortresses which still preserve his Name as appears in Lacobriga Conimbriga Medobriga Brigancia and others From his erecting so many Castles it is supposed
reigned 33 Years Siculus the next King and dying left the Kingdom to Siculus who being born in Lusitania preserved the same Affection his Father had done for that Province and People He also is supposed to have passed over into Italy and to have overthrown the Aborigines whence sailing into Sicily 1416. he subdued that Island and left his Name to it where he ended his Days having reigned 61 Years 8. The Death of Siculus was so much resented by the Spaniards and particularly the Lusitanians that he leaving no Heir An interregnum for 100 Years they resolved not to submit themselves to another King Above an Hundred Years they lived at their Liberty referring all Controversies to the ancientest Men Bacchus in Spain and standing to their Decision till Bacchus the Son of Semele with a numerous Army of sundry Nations came into Spain The Fame of so mighty an Army terrified the Spaniards but they were no less delighted with their Luxurious manner of living all their Martial Exercises being intermixed with Pleasures and Delights Hence the Sports used to this day in Portugal called Folias are supposed to have deduced their Original which consists of Dancing Taboring and Singing The Word is either derived from the Latin Folia or leaves because the Bacchanals were so Crowned or from the Italian signifying Madness which is proper enough to such Divertisements and to the Feasts of the Bacchanals 9. Bacchus finding the Lusitanians opposed his Command and cut off many of his Army retiring to the Mountains after doing the Mischief employed his Tutor Silenus to work upon them by fair means which he did so effectually that they submitted themselves to him only upon condition he should not use the Name of King which they would allow to none since the Death of their beloved King Lusus However Bacchus finding them an Ignorant and Credulous People perswaded them that the Soul of Lusus was transmigrated unto his Son Lisias Lisias made King who for the Love they bore him was returned to Reign over them This Fiction so took with the People that they put themselves wholly into his Power congratulating with themselves the Happiness of having recovered their admired King Bacchus returned into Italy and his Son remained possessed of this great part of Europe which he enjoyed not full Three Years 1299. He dying the Lusitanians would not admit any other King but chose for their Commander Cacus chose General one Cacus a bold Fellow and one of Lisias his Companions he raising a powerful Army marched against Palatuus King of Andaluzia whom in a Bloody Battle he overthrew and by that means remained possessed of the greatest part of all Spain puffed up with this Success he became Insolent and Cruel which rendred him Odious to the People 10. Palatuus who lay lurking in the Mountains laid hold of this opportunity sent some to sound the affections of the Multitude and finding them well inclined towards him adventured to raise Forces and march towards Lusitania Hercules the Theban in Spain overthrows Cacus At the same time Hercules the Theban with the rest of the Argonauts being by stress of Weather cast ashore in Spain near the mouth of Guadalquivir was lovingly received and entertained by Palatuus this Courtesie obliged him to espouse his Quarrel and so joyning their Forces they overthrew the Tyrant Cacus or Licinius who fled into Italy whither presently after Hercules returned Still the Lucitanians preserved their Liberty as before as they did whilst Erithreus whom some call the Son others the Cousin of Palatuus reigned in the other parts of Spain Palatuus seems to have Reigned 67 Years and Gargoris is said to have been his Son but for this there is no manner of Authority 11. The Tyranny of Cacus or Licinius lasted Thirty Six Years which are to be included in the 70 of Palatuus his Reign and many more Lusitania remained free from any subjection being governed only by the Rules of Reason 1158. and some of Tubal's Laws which remained in Verse Gargoris finds the use of Honey and its making It fell out accidentally that a Man called Gargoris which formerly signified a burning Coal or Flame found a Swarm of Bees in a hollow Oak and discovering their Honey taught the use of it to the People This sweet Discovery was worth a Crown which the Multitude iâ— Requital for that Benefit freely bestowed upon him He was afterwards by the Latins called Melicola for discovering to the Spaniards the Use of Honey Whilst Gargoris reigned he had a Daughter got with Child by some Gallant or as some thought by her own Father for as soon as the Child was born Abidis exposed Brought to Court Teaches the People to yoke Oxen plow and sow he caused it to be exposed to the Wild Beasts But they instead of destroying nourished the Infant of which he being informed caused him to be cast into the Sea and that Element milder than the Grandfather carried it up the River Tagus as far as Santarem formerly called Scalabis where it was suckled by a Doe Of her being grown up he took to a natural Swiftness so that they that hunted in the Mountains admired to see in him the Figure of a Man and the Wildness of a Beast Gargoris hearing hereof and not imagining it was his Grandson caused him to be taken in a Gin and being brought before him he by known Signs perceived it was the same he had exposed His Hatred now turned into Love he called him Abidis causing him to be carefully instructed And he was so great a Proficient that it was he who first civilized that barbarous Multitude He also taught them to yoke Oxen to plow and sow 11. Troy being reduced to Ashes 1130. Vlysses with a part of the Grecian Fleet driven by Storms out of the Mouth of the Streights arrived at length at the Mouth of the River Tagus Ulysses in Portugal and entring landed where he found already built a City on the Hill to which he left his Name which remains to this Day being called Vlyssippo which is the famous City Lisbon Here in Memory of the Favours received of the Goddess Minerva he built a stately Temple and dedicated it to her Gargoris upon the News of his Arrival marched towards him with an Army but they both meeting and conferring together parted Friends And not so content Gargoris gave to Vlysses his Daughter the Mother of Abidis in Marriage However the Greeks committing several Insolences in the Country they became odious to the People who rising up in Arms against them Vlysses stole away to Sea leaving his new Wife behind How long Gargoris reigned cannot positively be set down the best Guess that can be given is Seventy seven Years 1105. At the same time that Vlysses sailed out of Tagus Diomedes enter'd the River Mino in the North of Portugal There he founded a City which after the Name of his Father
Italy the Alans and Lusitanians before dispersed began to take heart and recover what they had lost founding also many new Towns Among these were Albuquerque and Terabrica which last was rather repaired being called Alankerken which signifies The Church of the Alans and now corruptly Alanquer Whilst the Alans thus without any King only following their Generals paid Tribute to the Emperor The Suevians incorporate with the antient Lusitanians Hermenericus the Suevian King at Lisbon applied himself to the repairing of the Towns that had been destroyed treating the Native Lusitanians no otherwise than his own Country-men The Lusitanians having the free Liberty of their Religion and being equally admitted to all Honours with the Suevians the two Nations joined Marriage and by that Means became so entirely one that there was no knowing the Suevian from the Lusitanian or the contrary Being thus joined into one Body they could afterwards never be parted but notwithstanding the Invasion of the Goths the Inhabitants of Portugal were afterwards called Suevians Thus the Portugueses are descended from the Suevians no less Noble than the Goths if either of those Barbarous Nations deserve to be esteemed Honourable And thus the Province of Lusitania lost that Name and was long after called Suevia 8. The Alans enjoyed Tranquility 419. without any King as did the Suevians or Portugueses under their Sovereign Hermenericus till Gundericus King of the Vandals thinking it easie to subdue the Alans in Lusitania and the Silingi in Andaluzia if Hermenericus were once oppressed he broke the Peace with the Suevians and rushing suddenly with Fire and Sword into their Territories Hermenericus though surprized at this unexpected Invasion gathering his Forces together received the Enemy so successfully that he sent him to seek new Seats in the Islands of Majorca and Minorca where we will leave him to be spoken of by those Historians to whom it belongs 420. Gensericus the Brother of Gundericus The Suevians Alans and Silingi join in League against the Romans succeeded him Who understanding that Etius Honorius's General was coming into Spain to revenge the Wrongs done by his Brother he joined in League with Hermenericus King of the Suevians and with the Alans and Silingi believing none would dare to oppose their United Power At Merida they Mustered their Forces Etius dreading their Multitude but much more surprized at the death of the Emperor 423. attempted nothing upon them Thus Gensericus was left at leasure to pass over into Africk where he utterly abolished the Name of the Roman Empire and Hermenericus 427. whilst the Vandals were employed in Africk enlarged the Borders of his Kingdom to almost the same extent it now bears 9. Valentinian the Emperor Wars betwixt the Romans and Suevians who succeeded Honorius understanding the Vandals were gone over into Africk Commanded his General Sebastian to invade the Alans left in Lusitania Merida and all that Territory was easily taken from them as was Lisbon and Estremadura from the Suevians Sebastian now Victorious forgetting his Duty caused himself to be Proclaimed King of what part he had recovered of Lusitania yet his Friends failing him he was soon killed and by his Death the Alans and Suevians had an opportunity of recovering Merida and Lisbon Hermenericus grown Old and Infirm caused his Son Richila to be Proclaimed King who proved one of the most fortunate Princes of the Suevians whilst Hermenericus rejoyced in the hopes of surviving in the Person of his Son Andebalus the Imperial General was on his march to recover what Sebastian had lost Richila to begin his Reign honourably gathered a mighty Power and meeting Andebalus on the Banks of the River Xenil then called Silingus slew him and the greatest part of his Army 10. All Andaluzia easily submitted to the Victorious King Richila makes himself Master of Lusitania and Andaluzia as did also Merida where there had been an Imperial Garrison ever since Sebastian took it All Lusitania in like manner was brought under and Richila became absolute in Andaluzia and Lusitania Old Hermenericus died contentedly leaving such an Heir in the Town of Britonium near Viana de Caminha on the mouth of the River Minho 440. Another Author who calls him Monarch of Spain says he was drowned in the River Guadiana near unto Merida Richila being sensible how much more easie it is to gain than to preserve too large a Dominion voluntarily resigned up Cartagena and Carpentania to the Romans and entring into League with them by that means established a large and peaceable Kingdom 448. He died Eight Years after his Father and left his Son Ricciarius to succeed him being equal to him in valour but more fortunate in the true knowledge of the Evangelical Law which he professed living and adhered to at his death CHAP. III. The Kingdom of the Suevians subdued by the Goths two Kings set up by their consent all again reduced under one with the other remarkable occurrences between the Years of Grace 448 and 560. 1. RIcciarius succeeded his Father Richila 448. not only in the Kingdom of Portugal Ricciarius his Reign but the greatest part of Spain The beginning of his Reign was disturbed with some Conspiracies of the Great Men but he privately took off many of them and by that means secured his Life and Kingdom He Married a Daughter of Theodoredus King of the Goths her Name is not known Ricciarius after his Marriage raising a great Army made War upon those parts of Navarre which were yet subject to the Roman Jurisdiction and through them he forced his way into France to see his Father-in-law Theodoredus The old Man perceiving his aspiring Spirit gave him considerable supplies for the carrying on of his Designs In his return he conquered the Province of Tarragona and Carpentania which his Father had abandoned to the Romans In Aragon he took Zaragoza and Lerida in Catalonia after plundering the Province of Cartagena he returned loaded with Booty and Honour into Lusitania Ricciarius being now at rest 451. his Father-in-law Theodoredus died and Theodoricus his Son succeeded him Him Ricciarius thought to have been no less forward toward his Assistance than the Father had been and upon this conceit he resolved to conquer the other Lands of the Empire The Goth who was in League with the Romans and feared the Ambition of his Brother-in-law might involve him in his own Ruin advised him to moderate his extravagant desires Ricciarius offended at this wholesome advice marched against his Brother-in-law with a powerful Army Theodoricus was not backward to meet him being strengthned with Succours from the Kings of France and Burgundy He is overthrown by Theodoricus King of the Goths The two Armies furiously ingaged in the Plains about Astorga both Kings were present in all places where the greatest Danger was Encouraging their Soldiers and the Men fought as those who had their Kings to be Spectators of their
overthrown and all the Country reduced which done Ramiro leaving good Garrisons in his Conquests returned to Oviedo in his way he visited John the Abbot of the Monastery of Lorvan and bestowed Lands upon the Monastery The principal part of the Gift was the Town of Montemayor the Old a strong place the Garrison whereof the Abbot was obliged to maintain In this Town was one Garcia Yannez a foundling brought up by the Abbot and by him preferred for his Valour This Fellow envying the Honour of D. Bermudo the Abbot's Nephew and Governour of that Territory fled to Abderramen King of Cordova offering not only to renounce the Faith but also to put into his hands Montemayor and the other Conquests of King Ramiro 6. Whilst Garcia Yannez was with the Moorish King the Abbot and his Nephew Bermudo took the two Rebel Counts Alderedus whose Eyes he put out and Pinelus whom with his Seven Sons he put to Death as being more obstinate in their Crime Knowing that Rages of Viseo was joyning in League with other Moorish Commanders he assaulted his City and rased it to the Ground Sebastian Bishop of Salamanca with the Abbot's Consent afterwards repairing of it is said to have found there the Tomb of Roderick the last King of the Goths Garcia Yannez having renounced the Faith and calling himself Zulema had the Command of an Army given him to execute what he had proposed He entred Portugal committing greater Barbarites than the Infidels and laid Siege to Montemayor which was bravely defended by the Abbot and his Men. Hunger beginning to pinch they thought of an Expedient more to be wondered at than imitated which was that they slew all their Women and Children the Abbot beginning with his Sister and Nephews This done they sallied out upon the Enemy with such Fury that they soon put them to flight The Rebel Zulema was killed by the Abbot many of his Men were drowned in the River Mondego and most of them perished by several means so that few returned Home 76000 were destroyed and Night stopped the pursuit of the Victors Morning discovered the Fields covered not only with dead Carcasses but with plenty of rich Booty This was a small comfort to them that had imbrued their hands in the Blood of their Wives An incredible relation Children and Relations but some that had hasted to the Town after the Victory brought back the News that all those they had killed were miraculously restored to life and so all returned joyful with the Victory and Recovery of their Friends The Abbot stayed in the place where he obtained the Victory and there Built a small Hermitage and ended his days in Sanctity His Monks endeavoured it but could not remove his Body and our first King D. Alonso Enriquez Founded a Monastery in that place which was finished by his Son and Successor D. Sancho and given to the Cistercian Order This is what related to Portugal in the Reign of King Ramiro he obtained many other Victories particularly the memorable one called of Clavijo in which St. James the Apostle is said to have been seen fighting for the Christians and was thence called the Patron of Spain 850. The King Married Paterna whose extraction is not known he left the Crown to his Son Ordonno and died at Oviedo where he lies Buried 7. D. Ordono was no way inferior to his Father for Valour King Ordono Rebuilds many Towns and being at full Age when he died was very acceptable to all the States His first care was to repeople the Cities of Leon Astorga Tuy Amaya and others 855. almost left desolate in the late Invasions this done he obtained two notable Victories one over the rebellious Vascones and the other over Muza by extraction a Goth but turned Mahometan This Muza had possessed himself of the greatest part of Spain but was entirely defeated by our King in the Plains of Alvelda or Albayda 857. two Leagues from Logronno Many Moors upon this Defeat sent to Congratulate the Victor He is overthrown by the Moores and others stood to see the Consequences of it Mahomet King of Cordova alarmed at this success of the Christians drew mighty succours out of Africk and with a formidable Army began to conquer the Christian Territories Ordonno met him in Estremadura near the River Tagus and though he killed double the number that he lost was forced to leave the Victory to the Barbarian who recovered much of what the Christians had before taken He took Santarem Irena and Rotas then returning towards Cordova he took and Fortified many Towns betwixt the Rivers Guadiana and Tagus the next Year was not so favourable to him for the best part of his Fleet was cast away on the Coast of Galicia and his Army was overthrown on the Borders of Navarre 859. by the King thereof D. Inigo Ximenez Arista Irena is supposed to be the Town now called Leyria and Rotos Roda near Redina Many Christians at this time obtained the Crown of Martyrdom under the power of the Moors but especially at Cordova King Ordonno was Married to the Lady Munia by whom he had D. Alonso his Successor D. Bermudo D. Nunno Odvarius and Fruela whose Eyes the King their Brother caused to be put out for conspiring against him He had also a Daughter called Aragonta Wife to Sancho Abarca King of Navarre King Ordono was troubled with the Gout and died of it at Oviedo 863. having Reigned Twelve Years his Body was Buried in the Chappel of King Alonso the Chast 8. Authors do not agree upon the Age of King Alonso the III. King Alonso III. called the Great when he came to the Crown some say Nine some Fourteen and some Seventeen Years The most is too little for the great Actions performed by him immediately after his Accession to the Crown his Valour and other Vertues purchased him the Sir-name of the Great only attributed to him among all the Kings of Castile and Leon. Fruela Bermudez a great Man in Galicia rebelled and came down so suddenly to Oviedo that the young King was forced to fly to Alava where haing gathered his Forces the Rebels put to death their Leader and submitted themselves to him Then he repaired the Cities of Oviedo and Leon and built many Castles In the mean while Count Eylon rebelled in Alava but was oppressed by the King's Celerity During this time he was at peace with the Infidels Mahomet King of Cordova and Lot or Lope the Son of Muza King of Toledo being at War among themselves They two being agreed the King of Cordova sent Albucazen and Alemandarin his Generals the one into Biscay the other into Galicia where they made great havock the People flying before them from the Plains to the Mountains But King Alonso marched with such expedition that he oppressed them both before they thought he had been moving towards them this success produced Peace which he employed in rebuilding ruined
Hermiron Alboazar accompanied him in these Conquests of whom are descended some Honourable Families in Spain 5. The tranquility the King's Tutors endeavoured to preserve in the Kingdom Count Froila a Portugues Rebels during his Minority was disturbed by the Portuguese Count Froila Vermuiz who took up Arms against the King They came to a Battle in the Territory of Mafra betwixt Villanueva and Betancos where Froila got the Victory The King now grown bigger was much incensed against Count Froila and his anger was increased by the insinuations of Q. Elvira his Wife and Daughter to Count Mendo Gonzalez Froila being in disgrace had again recourse to Arms which not a little troubled the King and the more for that at the same time he received the News that another had rebelled in the City Oviedo Thither the King hasted leaving Froila till he was more at leasure But he marched directly after the King and overtook him at such time as he was ready to Assault the City The King was advised to forbear the Assault least in the heat of it Froila should fall upon him behind His Submission but he Answered Let the Assault be carried on for the Count is so much a Gentleman that he will not fall upon the backs of his Enemies As he said it fell out for Froila overcome by that Generosity joyned his Forces to the King 's and so forwarded the attack that the City was immediately carried In this Action the Count behaved himself so bravely that he lost both his Eyes at which the King was exceedingly grieved and bestowed large possessions on him in some measure to recompense his loss About this time Count Garcia Fernandez of Castile was killed in a Battle betwixt Alcozar and Langra having behaved himself with great Bravery he being one of the most notable Commanders of that Age. His Son Sancho succeeded him as well in his Courage as Dominions and often revenged his Death upon the Moores There being several pretenders to the Kingdom of Cordova he seemingly sided with each of them to have the better opportunity to ruin them all The fugitive Count Vela who used to stir up the Moores against the Christians was now dead and his Sons Roderick James and Innigo were restored to their Estates and served the Count as their natural Lord. He the more to Honour them made the Eldest God-father to his own Eldest Son D. Garcia and yet he afterwards behaved himself like a Traitor as his Father had done before 6. The Divisions among the Moores at Cordova were very advantagious to the Christians of Leon Castile and Portugal Those that had escaped the desolation made by Almanzor about Coimbra dealt with the Infidels and bought Lands of them at a very low rate it appears by the original Deeds still extant that Oborez a Moore sold the Town of Botam to Arias Prior of the Convent of Botam for a Mare and her Fole 1012. either the Mare was worth much or the Town very little Till the Year 1020 1020. we have no account of any thing remarkable in Portugal Out of it the King repaired the City Leon and gave it a Charter and great Priviledges to all that would come and inhabit there 1026. Six years after was Born the renowned Captain Roderick de Bivar Roderick de Bivar commonly called Cid his Birth commonly called Cid which in Arabick signifies Lord of whom mention will be made hereafter The Christian affairs throughout Spain were in a flourishing condition the King entred Portugal recovering many Towns in the Province of Beira till he came and incamped before Viseo 1027. The City was obstinately defended and the King going out in the Evening unarmed to view the Enemies Works was shot through the Body with an Arrow from the Walls King Alonso slain Some write that he died there presently others that he was carried to Porto His death we shall hereafter see revenged as far as it could be His body was laid in a stately Tomb at Leon he lived Thirty Two Years and Reigned Twenty Eight being bred in Galicia by Count Mendo Gonzalez Lord of Vierzo he married his Daughter By her he had Bermudo his Successor and Sancha who afterwards came to be Queen he had also a Bastard Son called Nunno Alvarez de Amaya or Roderick Anzures Lieutenant of Asturias and Lord of Gijon 7. Bermudo III. Bermudo III. Succeeds of the Name succeeded his Father Alonso V. but so young it was much feared his tender Years might produce some notable Disorders in the Government His extraordinary Abilities far above his Years soon dried up the Tears his subjects shed for his Father and made them rejoice in so unexpected a Blessing He was extreamly Religious and Devout and therefore applied himself to the re-establishing of many ruined Churches Being of Age to Marry he took to Wife the Lady Ximena or Teresa younger Daughter to Count Sancho Lord of Castile by whom he had D. Alonso who lived but a few days He concluded a match between his Sister the Lady Sancha and D. Garcia An inhuman Murther the Son of Count Sancho of Castile King Sancho of Navarre who was Brother-in-law to D. Garcia bore him Company to Leon to honour his Marriage The next day after their Arrival the Bridegroom went out with the Bishop to hear Mass in the way he was assaulted by the Sons of the traitor D. Vela before spoke of and by them stabbed in several places his own God-father being the first that wounded him This News being carried to Court the Bride forgetting her Grandeur ran out to the place and pittifully lamenting her loss it was thought she would have given up the Ghost upon the dead Body She railed at the Murderers which Count Fernan Flavino hearing had the impudence to strike her on the Face The Murderers for the present escaped but Sancho King of Navarre afterwards getting them into his power burnt them alive declaring all their progeny for ever infamous 8. D. Garcia thus murder'd and no Heir Male remaining to the Earldom of Castile Sancho King of Navarre possessed himself thereof in the Right of his Wife the Lady Elvira Wars betwixt the Christian Kings of Spain Sister to the late Count. Grown Great with this Accession of Power he made War upon King Bermudo about the Limits of Castile and Leon and conquered much of the Country betwixt the Rivers Pisuerga and Cea More had been won by him but that Sancha 1034. only Sister to King Bermudo was given in Marriage to Ferdinand Second Son to King Sancho This Lady swore she would never consent to the Match unless Count Fernan Flaminio who struck her on the Face as she lay upon the Body of the dead Count Garcia was delivered up to her This was accordingly done and she with her own Hands put him to a cruel Death 1035. but well deserved by him The King of Navarre dying Ferdinand of
made by the Almoravides It is likely that Henry came with the Command of these Troops and having gained esteem had the Government of the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho committed to him other great Men governing the others at the same time After the death of King Ferdinand who divided his Kingdoms among his three Sons Sancho King of Castile having taken Portugal from his Brother Garcia and Leon from Alonso his other Brother obliged him to fly for safety to the Moors 1071. Henry accompanied him in all misfortunes till Sancho being killed Alonso was not only restored to his own but seated in the Thrones of Castile and Portugal 1073. King Alonso considering that he who follows a Prince Gains the Affection of King Alonso deposed in his misfortunes does something more than Man concluded that Henry was a prodigy among mortals and therefore from that time resolved to suit his reward to his Fidelity 4. Beatrix the second Wife of King Alonso dying 1076. a match was agreed for him with the Lady Constance Alonso marries his Aunt Aunt to Earl Henry and he was sent to France to conduct her into Spain With him went Raymund Earl of Toulouse and with them both came Raymund Earl of Burgundy which is the reason some Authors write they came all together whereas the other two had been long before in Spain Thus Henry became great at Court the King being his Friend and the Queen his Aunt which his power he used with such moderation that he was beloved by all Men. 1081. He accompanied King Alonso at the memorable Seige and taking of Toledo as also at the Battle of Sagulias near Badajoz 1087. where the King was overthrown 1090. To reward all these Services the King at last gave him to Wife his Bastard Daughter Teresa He takes to Wife Teresa Bastard Daughter to Alonso and has in Dower the City Porto and its Territory whom he had by the Lady Ximena Nunnez de Gusman Her Dower was the City Porto with its Territory then the best part of what was gained in Portugal giving him leave to retire thither and live with his Wife His Age was the cause that he died leaving Teresa young to marry a second Husband which much disturbed the publick Peace Soon after the Christian Princes joining in League to conquer the Holy Land Earl Henry was chosen General of the Forces sent by King Alonso in which employ he gained great Honour He returned from this Expedition to Toledo where the Court of Castile was then kept in the Year 1099. King Alonso at this time being of a great Age sent his Son Prince Sancho being but Twelve Years of Age under the direction of D. Garcia Count of Cabra with an Army to oppose Almanzor the Moor. With them went many Persons of Quality among which the chief was Earl Henry they came to a Battle in the Plains of Veles where the Prince was unhorsed and killed 1100. though Henry and Garcia exposed themselves to save him Overthrows the Infidels and takes Almanzor prisoner Earl Henry meditating Revenge met Almanzor again in the Field whom he dismounted and took Prisoner delivering him to James Ordonnez for to carry him to the King this done Henry broke through the Infidels putting them to flight with a mighty slaughter 5. As it is doubtful whether Henry went to Hierusalem with the other Christian Princes so is it also whether he was present at the taking of Lisbon Santarem Sintra and other strong places by King Alonso but that he was at these latter Expeditions as most properly appertaining to him is most likely For his good services he receives other Territories of King Alonso But his great Age requiring some rest the King at last gave him leave to retire to Portugal giving to him for himself and his Heirs all that was conquered there which was the Cities Coimbra and Viseo and the three Provinces that betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho Beira and Tras os Montes with that part of Galicia as far as the Castle Lobeira and leave to conquer as far as Algarve Earl Henry settled his residence at Guimaraens taking the Title of Earl of Portugal The Portuguese encouraged by the presence of a Prince of their own did much upon the borders of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho till then not entirely subdued but we have no particular account of their Actions Hecha Martin King of Lamego being a tributary to Henry rebelled and drawing together a powerful Army did much hurt in the Christian Territories The Earl with Egas Moniz a Gentleman then famous and afterward Tutor to King Alonso marched to recover the Booty he had taken and overtook him in a Valley near the Monastery of Arouca The Moor for greater security in case of any misfortune placed his Wife Queen Axa Anzures and all the Prey on the top of a Mountain he thought unaccessible called Sierra Seca The Christian Army encamped along the River Alarda and Egas Moniz seeing the Enemy advantagiously posted undertook with a good party by Night to go about the Mountains and at break of Day to be ready to fall upon them on the top Another overthrow given by him to the to the Moors whilst the Christian Army charged the Enemy below This was accordingly put in Execution and after a bloody Fight the Queen was taken above and the King below they becoming Christians the Earl bestowed the City Lamego upon them they paying tribute for the same 6. The Moores rebelling against their King for changing his Religion 1103. he fled to Guimaraens to crave aid of Earl Henry A Moorish King restored by him who by force took the City Lamego and restored him He fearing in the Earl's absence his Subjects would again revolt desired of him to leave some Portuguese Gentlemen to secure those Lands which was accordingly done and the Country People with Inhabitants brought from the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho He performs other great Actions This year some Writers will have it that Earl Henry went to the Holy Land with Guy of Lusignan and other Princes all the likelihood there is thereof is That we have no account of him in Portugal from the Year 1103. till the Year 1109. King Ali Haben Joseph with a numerous Army laid Siege to Coimbra which he furiously battered during a Month. Earl Henry marched to their relief and coming to a Battle overthrew the Infidels with a great Slaughter Cintra and other places revolted and were overcome but rising again they could not easily be subdued Whilst our Earl was diverted in the Wars of Galicia and Leon where he took some Towns Cyrus King of the Arabs taking the opportunity laid Siege to Santarem whither our Forces hasting to relieve the place were by him overthrown and so the Town being distressed Surrendred The Earl took several places in Leon so that King
Portuguese Gentlemen raising the greatest Power they were able gave him Battle and put him to flight D. Fuas Roupinno commanded in the Castle of Puerto de Mos at such time as Gami King of Merida came to attack it D. Fuas hearing of his approach with a small body went out and lay close in Ambush The Moor giving an Assault to the Castle he fell upon him so unexpected and furiously that most of the Moors being slain Gami and many others were made Prisoners Gami and his Brother were sent for a present to old King Alonso who then reposed himself at Coimbra This same D. Fuas being Admiral at Sea destroyed the Gallies of Mauritania the first time near Cape Espichel 1182. and brought nine of them to Lisbon others he burnt in the Sea of Ceuta Engagements by Sea Returning thither afterwards with 21 Galleys he fought 54 of the Enemy but was totally destroyed and found a Grave where before he had raised Tropheys Joseph Aben Jacob Miramamolin of Morocco Andaluzia Murcia and Valencia with 13 Kings and the mightiest Army that till then had been seen to revenge the harms suffered from the Portuguese passed the River Tagus and having destroyed Torres Vedras 1184. and whatever else stood in his way laid Siege to Santarem where Prince Sancho then was During 6 or 7 days he incessantly Battered the Town and gave several assaults to it so that many of the Defendants were killed the Prince wounded and the Walls shaken At this time King Alonso being 91 years of Age came to relieve the Town but scarce had the occasion to draw his Sword the Infidels flying precipitously at the very sight of him Both the Father and Son pursued the flying Enemy with such Execution that the River was dyed with their Blood The Miramamolin ended his days in the very River being first wounded by the Prince 9. The most glorious King Alonso having Governed 17 Years without the Title of King and 46 with it and having lived 93 at length departed this life in the month of December 1185. and year of our Lord 1185. In his life time he is said to have overthrown 30 Kings The Death of King Alonso besides a number of lesser Princes and inferior Commanders It must be observed that most of these were Kings of particular Cities His Piety appears in the great number of Churches he Erected reported to amount to 150. He instituted two Military Orders that of the Wing before spoken of which for want of Revenues died with the first Knights And that of Avis as our Author will have it tho' I find no other to confirm this Antiquity which continues to this day To the Knights Templers and Hospitallers he assigned considerable Revenues As to his Person he was 11 Spans High a Gigantick Stature his Hair Red a large Mouth long Visage and large sparkling Eyes He lay in the Church of the Holy Cross at Coimbra in a wooden Tomb till King Emanuel erected one more Majestick for him His Sword and Buckler are there still to be seen His Arms the Arms he bore on his Sheild were Argent 19 Scutcheons Arzure 10 of them in the nature of an Orle the other nine in Cross and in Saltire all joined together with twists of Silk running from one to the other each Escutcheon charged with Thirteen Bezants 10. King Alonso was 53 Years of Age when he Married Mafalda His Wife and Issue the most Beautiful Lady of those times and second Daughter to Amadee 5th Earl of Marienne and first of Savoy This Queen followed the example of her Husband in erecting several Churches and Monasteries By her the King had Issue Henry who died young Sancho who inherited the Crown John Malfalda Wife to Alonso the second King of Aragon Vrraca Wife to King Ferdinand the second of Leon from whom she was divorced on account of Consanguinity after she had by him Alonso who inherited that Crown Teresa second Wife to Philip the first Earl of Flanders and Sancha his Bastard Children were Peter Alonso Teresa married to Sancho Nunnez from whom her Father took her and married her to Ferdinand Martinez the brave Lord of Braganza and the Lady Vrraca married to Peter Alonson Viegas the Grandson to Egas Moniz the King's Tutor CHAP. IV. The life and Reign of King Sancho I. from the Year 1154. till 1212 all his Actions in Peace and War his Arms and Issue 1. KIng Alonso had enjoyed the regal Title 15 Years when his Wife Queen Mafalda bore him his second Son and Successor Sancho 1154. He was Born at Coimbra the 11th of December Sancho succeeds his Father Alonso which being St. Martin's Day he had that Name given him together with the other From his very Infancy he was bred in the Field amidst the noise of Arms and surrounded with Dangers His Actions under his Father At the Age of 13 he engaged with the King of Leon in the Plains of Arganal and tho' not Victorious came off with Honour He was the first Christian Prince after the Conquest of Spain by the Moors that advanced to the Walls of Sevil. His Father King Alonso had ordered him to pass the River Tagus to defend that plentiful Country The Moors suffered him to pass undisturbed by Evora and Beja but having passed Sierra Morena he was met by the King of Sevil with a numerous Army in the plain of Axarafe here they came to a Battle which was obstinately fought on both sides till the valour of the Christians overcame the multitude of their Enemies whom they pursued to the Gates of Sevil making that River run Red with the blood of Infidels In his return to Portugal the Prince wasted all the Country carrying a vast Booty without meeting any opposition By the way he laid Siege to Niebla and had now reduced it to great extremity when advice was brought him that the City Beja was distressed by the Moors Thither he hasted and charging the Besiegers put them to the rout and relieved the City The King of Bajadoz had sent Ravadan a famous Commander with an Army to spoil that part of Portugal which he performed as was expected from him being on his return he was overtaken by the Prince and forced to quit the Country and his Booty with more hast than he came This Prince valiantly defended Santarem against the Miramamolin till his Father came to raise the Siege and they both entred the place in Triumph These were his principal Exploits till his Accession to the Crown which was in the Year 1185. 1185. 2. The third day after his Father's Death in the 30th Year of his Age and the 10th after he was married Prince Sancho was Proclaimed King in the same place where he was Born Since this is the first King that died in Portugal we will set down the manner of publick lamentation made for his Death which continues to this day The manner of lamenting the death
the Host in the end of her Head-cloaths and going home the Blood trickled down and she not observing it was told of it by those that met her Being come home she locked the Bloody Hood with the Host in a Closet In the dead of the Night her Husband awaking saw a great light upon the Chest and calling upon his Wife asked whether she saw it not She then declared the truth to him and he rising ran to the Parish Church and to the Dominicans The Friers still preserve the White Hood or Vaile bloody in a Glass Case the Parish keeps the Host and Blood gathered on a Ball of Wax Some Years after the Prior of that Church which is Dedicated to St. Stephen going to show that Relick to the People found it shut up in a Cristalline Pyramidal Case with a hole so small that neither the Host nor Ball could be put in unless it were miraculously The Ball is still to be seen round with drops of Blood on it the Host is bent and Bloody Many Persons of Credit have affirmed That they have there seen our Saviour in several Postures of his Passion Another Miracle is Recorded of a Christian who was slave to a Moor and daily recommended himself to St. Dominick of Sovereira His Master every Night loaded him with Irons and laid him in a Chest upon which he made his own Bed One Night this Chest with the slave in it and the Master upon it was brought to the Door of the Chappel of that Saint in the Town of Penamacor This Miracle so wrought upon the Moor that he imbraced the Faith and the Slave and he lived there as Hermits all the residue of their lives The Chest and Chains are still kept in that little Church 8. No sooner was the King seated on the Throne Alonso resumes his former gifts and opposes the Clergy but he made it appear that what he had before bountifully bestowed was only to secure himself and not to reward those that promoted him He took from the Military Orders what he had before given them neither did he make account of what he swore at Paris in order to be Regent for his Brother 1268. for he so treated the Clergy that several of them had recourse to Rome for Redress of which were the Bishops of Braga Coimbra Guarda Porto and Viseo Pope Clement the Fourth and after him Gregory the Tenth 1272. reproved his oppressing the Clergy and forbidding the Jews and Moors under severe Penalties not to turn Christians The King at first shunned the Pope's Commissioners but when he could no longer do so appointed to hear them before the Cortes or Parliament summoned to meet at Santarem where he shewed some disposition to obey them though at the same time he designed nothing less The Pope offended at his proceedings 1274. issued out Bulls containing the highest Censures and in case the King was not reclaimed within three Months absolving his Subjects from their Allegiance The King continued obstinate and the Nuncio went away leaving him Excommunicated 1175. and the Kingdom under an interdict The Pope died and the King no way relented 1276. Pope John the 20th or 21st Born at Lisbon was promoted to St. Peter's Chair He sent a Spaniard his Nuncio to perswade the King by fair means to comply The Nuncio accompanied by Dominican and Franciscan Fryars of which latter order he was attended the King and found him as obdurate as ever 1277. Sickness made the King begin to relent and Death surmounted all difficulties At his Death the King ordered his Son to perform all he had refused to do 9. During this King's Reign certain devout Women went from Evora to Rome to obtain of the Pope the confirmation of a Monastery of Bernardin Nuns in that City A battle betwixt private Men and their forces There wanted not Civil Broils among the Subjects for Peter Estevas de Tavares and Ferdinand Alonso de Cambra fought a Battle in the Plain of Gouvea in which much Blood was shed and many Persons of note killed the latter obtained the Victory The Holy Laurence Mendez a Dominican of the Province betwixt the Rivers Duero and Minho walking in a Field an Angel appeared to him and gave him a small Box which he said contained many Relicks brought from a City then fallen into the hands of Infidels Which Relicks are still preserved in the Monastery of Guimaraens where the said Laurence placed them 10. King Alonso was of such extraordinary Stature King Alonso described that all Men admired when King Sebastian caused his Tomb to be opened His Countenance was Majestick his Eyes little but Sparkling his Hair black his Complexion fair He died at Lisbon on the 20th of March 1279. 1279. being 64 Years of Age His Death and having Reigned and Governed 34. Ten Years after his Death King Denis his Son translated him to the Monastery of Alcobaza near to his Father and opposite to his second Wife Queen Beatrix whose Tomb being afterwards opened she appeared as Beautiful as if she had been a live His Issue His Issue by the first Wife most Authors agree he had two Sons as they do in calling the second Robert who they say succeeded his Mother in the Country of Bologne About the Elder they vary some calling him Ferdinand others Peter and lastly others say he is the same with Alonso Denis counted among the illegitimate By his second Wife he had Denis who succeeded in the Throne Secondly D. Alonso Lord of Portalegre who lies buried in the Monastery of St. Dominick at Lisbon Thirdly Sancha Fourthly Mary Fifthly Vincent who died young Sixthly Ferdinand who died also in his Infancy all these Buried at Alcobaza Seventhly Blanch Abbess of Lorvan first and then of Huelgas at Burgos Eighthly Constance Buried at Alcobaza Illegimate he had Ferdinand a Knight Templar Giles Alonso Alonso Denis Martin Alonso gotten on the Governour of Faro's Daughter as was said before Ellenor Alonso Vrraca Alonso Elenor for whom her Father built the Monastery of St. Clare at Santarem where she was famous for Sanctity and Roderick Alonso who died Young 11. The Arms of the Kingdom of Algarve His Arms. given by this King were Sanguine Semee of Castles Or. Over these he placed the Arms of Portugal so that the Castles of the former made an Orbe to the latter He also made an alteration in the number of Bezants in each Escutcheon of the Portuguese Arms leaving but Eleven in each whereas before there were Thirteen He was the first that stiled himself King of Portugal and Algarve Men famous in his time Men famous for Sanctity in his time were St. Gonzalo St. Laurence Mendez and St. Giles all three Dominicans at least the two latter without dispute Also St. Walter of the Order of S. Francis Pope John the 21st famous for his Learning and Dignity was Born at Lisbon Many Men were famous for Military Exploits the
Constance Daughter to King Peter from whom Henry the Bastard had usurped that Kingdom The Duke having this Right to the Crown of Castile set Sail from Plymouth with a numerous Fleet and arrived at Coruna in Galicia on the 25th of July where he landed 2000 Horse and 3000 Archers besides some other Forces and several Persons of Note The Duke was Sixty Years of Age without any grey hairs was tall and well shaped affable modest in Discourse of an excellent Deportment and in all respects answerable to his Royal Extraction With him came his Wife Constance and his two Daughters Philippa by his first Wife and Katherine by the second Scarce was he landed at Coruna when that Place owned him for its Lawful Sovereign as did the City Santiago and the greatest part of this Kingdom of Galicia Our King was at Lamego when the Duke landed in Spain The New King John and Duke of Lancaster meet Thence he removed to Porto and having agreed to meet the Duke at Ponte-Mauro set forward with a numerous Retinue They met upon the First of November in a Plain near Melgazo There it was agreed That if the Duke succeeded he should give the Towns of Ledesma Montilla Melgazo Plazenzia Grimal Canaveral Caceres Mendao Fuente del Maestre Zafra Torres de-Medina Fegenal and other Places with their Territories to the King of Portugal as Dower with his Daughter Philippa The Pope's Dispensation being come whereby the King was loosed from his Vow of Chastity made as Master of the Military Order of Avis and the Princess Philippa being conducted to him they were solemnly married upon Candlemas-Day Immediately the Queen's Household was settled and a plentiful Revenue assigned her 1387. which afterwards some other Queens of Portugal enjoyed 8. The King having spent Two Months with his Queen at Porto went with her to see her Father at Bragança and thence sent her back to Coimbra Many of the English were dead of Diseases With the King were 3000 Lances 2000 Cross-Bow Men and 5000 Foot They entred the Dominions of Castile and took Castro Calvo Mâ—â—tila Râ—sales Valderas and Villalobos Tho' Galicia had received the Duke as lawful King yet no Place in Castile admitted him but by Constraint Hereupon the King told him That to make an absolute Conquest it was requisite he should return to England for greater Forces The Duke approved of his Advice and they returned to Cuidad Rodrigo By the way they defeated a Party of the Enemies consisting of 500 Horse and some Foot Another Skirmish happened near the City upon the Passage of a Brook with the same Success The Duke being now in Portugal Embassadors came to him from the King of Castile Prince Henry of Castile marries the Daughter of the Duke of Lancaster Peace is concluded offering that Prince Henry Heir to the Crown should marry Katherine the Duke's Daughter that so all Pretensions to the Kingdom might cease The Duke assented and Articles being agreed upon and performed the War betwixt him and Castile ended He being with the King at Coimbra a Castilian was there burnt for contriving to Poyson him Soon after he returned to England 9. The King having held the Cortes or Parliament at Braga 1388. set out to recover some Places which still held for Castile Melgazo having held out to the last was then delivered up the Defendants having only leave to depart without Arms. It was remarkable at this Siege that Two Women A combat betwixt two Women one of the Town and the other of the Camp challenged each other and fought the latter was Victorious Hence the King marched to Lisbon and in September to the Province of Alentejo where about the middle of October after a stout Defence the Town and Castle of Campo-Major were taken by force At the beginning of the following Year 1389. the King being at Lisbon one of the Queens Ladies called Beatrix was found to have admitted Ferdinand Alonso one of the King's Bed-Chamber and his Favourite to her Bed Hereupon he was apprehended and having made his Escape from the Officer took Sanctuary in the Church Thence the King himself went to drag him and tho' he urged he was married caused him to be burnt The Lady went away to Castile to her Mother Embassadors came to the King being then in the Province between the Rivers Duero and Minho proposing a Truce for some Months and so Commissioners were appointed to treat with him and in the mean while the King to lose no time Besieged and took the City Tuy in Galicia 139â— At length a Cessation was concluded for Three Years A Cessation of Arms betwixt Spain and Portugal for three Years and some Places restored on both sides but more to the Portuguese Nevertheless the King of Castile ceased not to make mighty preparations for War but his Designs were prevented by Death which happened to him by a fall from his Horse After the expiration of the Three Years the Nobles of Castile 1393. and the Governours to King Henry Son to the late King John by his First Wife the Lady Ellenor advised him to desist from his Pretensions to Portugal since he was not Born of Queen Beatrix on whom that Title was grounded Embassadors were sent to this Effect to Portugal where a Peace was concluded for Fifteen Years all Prisoners on both sides to be released and all Dammages done during the late Cessation to be made good and then Hostages for performance were given on both sides 10. But these Articles were not faithfully performed on the Part of Castile The Truce not duly observed neither as to restitution of Dammages nor releasement of Prisoners wherefore the Portuguese resolved to do himself Justice by taking some Towns and accordingly surprized Badajoz and Albuquerque Embassadors sent from Castile promised performance of Articles upon Restitution of those Places and it was only done to amuse the King for at the same time Vessels were fitting out in Biscay against Portugal and two Portuguese Ships laden with Warlike Stores were taken off of Cape S. Vincent At the same time the Castilians made Incursions wasting all the open Country But the Constable defeated a Party of 400 of them that was returning home with a rich Booty Campo-Mayor was soon after taken by the King Having thus secured themselves against their Enemy the King and Constable gave themselves some Repose The latter distributed most of what the King had bestowed on him for his Services on such Gentlemen as had always adhered to him On the contrary the King now established on the Throne took back to himself much of what he had bestowed on many great Men for their good Service in the War As the Constable had received most this fell heaviest upon him and therefore he resolved to depart the Kingdom but the King returning part of what he had taken from him with difficulty perswaded him to stay The taking of Badajoz and Albuquerque before mentioned
Inhabitants King Emanuel as to Stature was tall somewhat lean his Hair dark-brown his Forehead high his Eyes green and pleasant his Arms so long that when hanging down his Fingers reached below his knees He was much addicted to all Sports as Riding Dancing Musick and Feasting very Devout and therefore on Holy-days went to several Churches extraordinary Charitable a lover of Astrologers and Jesters He reformed several Religious Houses that lived not regularly 9. His Structures were so many His Structures and other Work and so great it would swell to a Volume to particularize them in short they were Thirteen Monasteries in Portugal besides all those in Asia Africk and America and besides Repairs in other Places Eight great Churches the great Hospital of Lisbon Five Palaces Custom-houses Store-houses many Magazines plentifully stored and above Twenty Forts of considerable Magnitude besides many of less note Also several Bridges Moles Fountains and other Works were begun and finished by him To encourage Gentlemen to serve in Africk he instituted new Commendaries to Reward those that deserved well and allowed Wages to an Hundred Knights for their Entertainment there He first gave the hundredth Penny of his Revenue to Pious Uses By him the Laws of the Kingdom were digested into Method and Registers made of all Estates and Foundations as also a Book of the Arms of the Nobility Kings at Arms and Rules of Blazon were of his introducing into Portugal Antony Rodriguez the first Master of that Science here being sent to most Courts of Christendom to inform himself perfectly therein The Chronicles down to his own days he caused to be corrected Rewarding Edward Galvam and Ruy de Pina who laboured in that Affair He had three Wives the first Elizabeth Widow of Prince Alonso in her Right he was at Toledo sworn Heir to the Crowns of Castile and Leon. The second was Mary Sister to the former both Daughters to King Ferdinand and Queen Elizabeth of Castile and Aragon The third was Ellenor Daughter to King Philip the First of Spain Sister to the Emperor Charles the Fifth and Niece to both his former Wives 10. By his First Wife he had Issue His Wives and Issue Prince Michael who died at Zaragoça not quite Two Years of Age having been Sworn Heir to all the Kingdoms of Spain By the Second Wife he had First John his Successor Secondly Elizabeth Wife to Charles the Fifth and Mother to King Philip the Second Thirdly Beatrix Wife to Charles the Third Duke of Savoy Fourthly Lewis Duke of Beja and Constable of Portugal Father to Antony Prior of Crato who tho a Bastard aspired to the Crown Fifthly Ferdinand Duke of Guarda who left no Issue Sixthly Alonso the Cardinal and Archbishop of Lisbon Seventhly Henry the Cardinal and Archbishop of Braga Lisbon and Evora who afterwards was King Eighthly Edward Duke of Guimaraens who married Elizabeth Daughter and Heiress of James Duke of Bragança by whom he had two Daughters Mary the eldest married to Alexander Farnesius Duke of Parma and Katherine Dutchess of Bragança from whom tho the younger are Descended the late Kings of Portugal Ninthly Mary Tenthly Antony who both died in their Infancy By the Third Wife First Charles who died in Infant Secondly Mary who died a Maid at the Age of 57 Years having been disappointed of several Matches that were proposed for her CHAP. XI The First Part of the Life and Reign of John the Third of the Name and Fifteenth King of Portugal from the Year of our Lord 1502. till 1543. 1. KIng John the Third King John the Third his Birth was Second Son to King Emanuel and the First by his Second Wife born at Lisbon on the 6th of June 1502 about Two in the Morning It was observable that this being the midst of Summer when the Weather is usually settled fair just at that time there arose such a terrible Storm of Wind Rain Thunder and Lightning that none living had ever seen the like Whilst this Prince was Baptizing there broke out such a Fire in the Palace as alarmed the whole Court and gave occasion to various Conjectures on what it might Prognosticate 150â— The Prince was just a Year old when his Father Assembling the Cortes or Parliament at Lisbon caused him to be sworn Heir to the Crown At three Years of Age he was weaned Being come out of his Infancy he was given in charge to Gonzalo Figueyra a Noble Citizen of Lisbon the Queen his Mother still overseeing his Education The Bishop of Tangier taught him his Grammar and Lewis Teyxeyra instructed him in the Laws yet he profited little in either never thoroughly understanding any Book that belonged to them Nor was he more successful in Astrology taught him by Thomas de Torres then Famous in that Science and Physick In short at the end of his Studies the Prince was found very ignorant for tho' he had an excellent Memory he never applyed himself to Learning and his Masters feared disobliging him In the Year 1512. the Prince fell down from a Gallery in the Palace 1512. so that for 24 hours the Doctors despaired of his Life After that he came to himself and recovered a small scar of a hurt received in the fall remaining on his forehead Next he had a violent Fit of Sickness which once passed he continued healthy all the remaining part of his Life At this Age the King began to make himself acquainted with Business to which he applyed himself better than to his Book 2. The King 1515. later than had been expected settled the Prince's Family and appointed all the Officers of his Houshold among which his principal Favourites were D. Lewis de Silveyra and D. Antony de Ataide D. Lewis de Silveyra was suspected to incense the King against his Father after his marrying Queen Ellenor Sister to Charles the Fifth once designed for the Prince as was said in the forgoing Chapter 1519. Hereupon D. Lewis was banished the Court but as soon as ever King John came to the Crown he was recalled It being the Custom to Proclaim the new King the third day after the Death of his Predecessor 1521. this Solemnity was for several urgent Reasons King John proclaim'd deferred till the sixth day when it was performed with the usual Ceremonies The new King understanding that a Fleet was fitting in France in order to make new Discoveries in India and Brasil and that several French Pirates infested the Portuguese Seas sent D. John de Silveyra to put that King in mind of the Ancient Friendship betwixt those two Crowns and require redress of those Wrongs This Embassador had an Honourable Reception but no Success in his Business Ayres â—e Sousa went Embassador to the new Pope Adrian 1522. then at Zaragoça in his way to Rome to Complement him upon his Promotion to S. Peter's Chair 1523. D. Lewis de Silveyra King John's Favourite was sent to the Emperor Charles
Fifth and Elizabeth Prince John Marries Joanna Daughter to Charles the Fifth the Prince's Aunt and her Portion settled at 360000 Ducats the Duke of Aveyro and the Bishop of Coimbra went with a numerous and splendid Retinue to receive her upon the Frontiers She came to Elvas about the end of November At Barreyro the King met and conducted her thence to Lisbon where a few days after she was marryed to the Prince to the general Joy of all the Kingdom hoping a numerous Issue from them But all Humane hopes are vain for the Prince died the Second of January following 1554. His Distemper was an inward consuming Fever Prince John dies which being supposed to proceed from too much use of his Wife she was removed from him to the Queen's Apartment There the Prince's Death was kept from her knowledge the King visiting her without Mourning The Princess was left with Child and on the 19th of January brought forth a Son The Princess delivered of a Son who was called Sebastian The Princess being out of danger was acquainted with the Death of the Prince and went into strict Mourning She would have cut off her Hair in token of Sorrow but the King would not permit it Being one Night in Bed with her Husband there appeared to her a Woman in Mourning who giving one blast vanished as if she had foretold all her Delights would vanish into Air. Other Nights she perceived the Lights in her Chamber put out without seeing any Body to do it Twice being at a Window with her Ladies she saw many Men cloathed after the Moorish Fashion with Torches in their Hands cast themselves into the River All these were looked upon as unhappy Omens of the Prince's Death and other Calamities that ensued 4. Prince Philip of Spain Brother to the Widow Princess being upon his Departure for England to marry Mary the Heiress of that Crown by his Embassadors desired of King John that he would suffer the Princess to return to Spain to Govern that Kingdom In May the Princess set forward from Lisbon The Princess Governs Spain attended by Prince Lewis as far as Arroyolos where he delivered her to the Duke of Bragança who conducted her to the Borders of the Kingdom and there gave her up to the Bishops of Osma and Badajoz and to D. Garcia de Toledo who was Lord Steward She Governed Spain with Discretion and Founded a Monastery and Hospital in Madrid This Summer sailed from Lisbon D. Peter da Cunha with Five Ships and Four Galleys to Guard the â—â—ast of Algarve Being in the Bay of Tavira An Engagement he discovered the famous Turkish Pirate Xaramet Arraez with Eight Galleys D. Peter gave orders to engage them but the Ships not being able to come up for want of Wind he engaged with only his Four Galleys The Admiral Galleys attacked one another and at first the Portuguese had the worst whereupon the Turks boarder her but were beaten out and Fortune changing D. Peter took the Turk The other Three Christian Galleys boarded as many of the Infidels whereof they took two and sunk the Third The remaining Turkish Galleys seeing these lost fled Of the the Turks 150 were killed and 100 taken 230 Christian Slaves were released and 40 Portuguese perished Two Portuguese left ashoar when the Galleys went out to meet the Enemy swam aboard with their Swords in their Mouths D. Peter returned Victorious to Lisbon where he maintained the Turk his Prisoner till he was exchanged for a Turk who turning Christian was called Peter Paul and had behaved himself so well that the Command of the Galley was given him but he being taken by the Infidels and carried to Mazagam had certainly been put to Death but was spared only upon Account of Xaramet for whom he was exchanged 5. On the the 27th of November 1555 1555. died Prince Lewis the Delight of Portugal Prince Lewis dies and a Person of singular Learning Judgment Courage Generosity and Piety He went twice into Castile once to agree with the Emperor about reducing the King of France to forbear trading in the Portuguese Conquests which he effected The Second time to Conclude a Peace betwixt the Emperor and King of France He built a stately Palace at Salvaterra but lived not to finish it The following Year the King settled the Rules of Precedency 1556. about which there had been great Contests ordering that all Titles should take place according to Seniority Now the Misfortunes of this Crown seem to be Compleat 1557. for the King died aged 55 Years The King dies when he was ripest for Government and left the Crown to Prince Sebastian then unfit for Rule as being but Three Years old He was suddenly snatched away yet not so but he had time to end his Life like a Christian He was of a mean Stature rather inclined to Fat than Leanness his Complexion ruddy his Eyes dark Blew but lively In matters of Justice he always inclined most to Mercy was a great lover of Peace made an excellent choice of Ministers and loved not to heap many Employments upon one Man In the Year 1553 he founded the University at Coimbra and afterwards with great charge brought Professors to it from Paris The Ancient Aqueduct built by Sertorius at Evora was by him repaired much was added by him to the Building of the Monastery of Belem by him also the Custome-House and Arsenals were erected as also the Churches of our Lady of Grace S. Francis and S. Rocque besides many other publick Works All the religious Orders were by him reduced to live up to the rigor of their Rules and Houses founded for all sorts of Women to retire to He instituted the Council of Conscience and that of the Military Orders No want ever prevailed with him to lay heavy Taxes on his Subjects Tho' he heard the Advice of many he always followed his own Opinion which was the Cause he often erred 6. To conclude King John proved an excellent Prince and singular Champion of the Catholick Religion His Children were as follows First Alonso who died a Child Secondly Mary First Wife to Philip the Second of Spain Thirdly Elizabeth Fourthly Beatrix Fifthly Emanuel Sixthly Philip. Seventhly Denis all which died young Eighthly John who married the Princess Joanna Daughter to the Emperor Charles the Fifth and died soon after Ninthly Antony who lived not out a Year His Bastard Issue was First Emanuel who died a Child Secondly Edward Archbishop of Braga a Prelate of Piety and Learning 7. In India Nunho da Cunha overthrew the King of Monbaça Actions abroad duing his Reign and slew him of Cambaya D. John de Castro with such wonderful Courage as rather seemed Rashness Engaging a vast Multitude at the Second Siege of Diu obtained one of the most wonderful Victories that raised the Renown of the Portuguese Valour Hector de Silveyra besides many other remarkable Actions subdued the King of
On the contrary the Silver was raised which drew much out of Spain King Sebastian coined some Pieces of Gold worth 1000 others of the value of 750 Royals for himself to give away with his own Hand CHAP. II. The Life and Reign of Henry the First of the Name and Seventeenth King of Portugal from the Year 1512 till 1580. 1. CArdinal Henry Birth of K. Henry Eighth Son to King Emanuel and Seventh by his Second Wife Queen Mary was Born at Almeyrin on the last day of January 1512. Pope Paul the Third sent him the Cardinal's Cap and he was at once Archbishop of Braga Lisbon and Coimbra Abbot of the Famous Monastery of Alcobaça and twice Governour of the Kingdom tho' unfit for the Crown so fit for the Mitre that upon the Death of Pope Paul he had many Votes in the Conclave to succeed him Whilst Governour he never forbore to Act as a Prelate and tho' a Prince of the Church he performed all the Duties of a private Priest He was at Alcobaça when the News was brought of the loss of the King his Nephew 1578. and his Army The Governours sent him this Advice by D. John Serran Provincial of the Jesuiâ—â— He immediately set out for Lisbon where upon his arrival the publick sorrow was renewed upon the Consideration that the Inheritance of the Crown should fall to him then 67 Years of Age and the last of the Male Line Henry being come to Lisbon called to him the Duke of Bragança and other Persons of Knowledge and Experience and seeing there was yet no certain Account of his Nephew 's being dead or alive the Council and a number of able Lawyers were ordered to Consult what was to be done in that Case They agreed the Cardinal tho' a Priest was capable of Inheriting the Crown Cardinal Henry first declared Protector but it being yet doubtful what was become of the King he should therefore take upon him the Government with the Title of Protector which he accordingly did in the Palace of the Duke of Bragança on the 22d of August 2. Soon after his entring upon the Government He is crowned King the News of the King's Death was brought and his Funeral Obsequies were performed with general Lamentation On the 28th of August after having said Mass the new King and Bishop Henry proceeded to the Church of All-Saints Hospital where he had before received the Mitre now to put on a Crown He was the second Melchisedeck for since the first till him none ever was at once both Priest and King The Ceremony of his Inauguration was performed with no less Lamentation than Pomp and he returned from the Church to the Palace a Temporal as well as Spiritual Prince A few days after his Exaltation came the News that Antony Bastard-Son to Prince Lewis having escaped out of Slavery was at Arzila and tho' much offended at him before he extreamly rejoyced to hear of his Safety Antony by his Affability had gained the Affections of all Men and the People looked upon him to have as good a Title to the Crown as King John the First had almost two Ages before and in Truth the Right was the same for they were both Bastards Antony had fallen into the Hands of a poor Moor who ransomed him for a small matter being told he was a Priest and if not presently redeemed would lose his Benefice and thereby become incapable of paying his Ransom About 16000 Persons remained in Captivity to Redeem whom 20 Trinitarians were sent to Fez and Morocco F. Francis da Costa settled the Ransom of 80 Gentlemen at 400000 Ducats and paid down 300000 remaining himself an Hostage for the rest Ingratitude of certain Gentlemen yet those Gentlemen getting home never thought of releasing him till he was bought offâ—by the Kingdom the Moor refusing to take any thing for him but Pearls F. Amador Rebelo a Jesuit was sent to Argiers to Ransom those that had been sold thither King Philip of Spain obtained of the Moors the Body of King Sebastian which he afterwards brought into Portugal He also redeemed the Duke of Barcelos Son to John Duke of Bragança and afterwards entertained him with all possible expressions of Affection in Castile 3. No sooner was the new King enthroned Several Pretenders to the Succession of the Crown but all those who pretended a Right began to put in their Claims to the Inheritance of the Crown Philip the Second of Spain afterwards the First of Portugal sent D. Christopher de Moura to condole with King Henry for the late Loss and to Congratulate his Accession to the Crown without mentioning his Title to the Succession but with private Instructions to advance his Interest The Candidates were First King Philip of Spain as Son to the Empress Elizabeth Daughter to King Emanuel Secondly the Lady Katherine of Bragança Daughter to Prince Edward who was Brother to the Empress The difference betwixt these two Pretenders was that the Lady tho' a Female claimed the Crown as descended of the Male and the King as being himself the Male tho' descended of a Female Of these the former was the better Title without dispute but neither so good as that of Alexander Prince of Parma in the Right of his Mother who was elder Sister to the Lady Katherine The Duke of Savoy had a Title but not so good by his Wife the Princess Beatrix Daughter to King Emanuel Antony Prior of Crato pretended to be Lawful Son to Prince Lewis Brother to Prince Edward the Empress and Dutchess of Savoy but having never been owned as such by his Father or any other Person that was meer Pretence The People pleaded the Right of Election was in them and shewed Prescription as in the case of their first King of King Alonso the Third and King John the First all which in reality were but Fortunate Usurpers The Pope also would Inherit this Crown as being now devolved to the Church being in the Hands of a Cardinal and urged that it had been Tributary to the See of Rome which was true but a poor Title for Inheritance Katherine of Medicis Queen of France alledged she was descended of King Alonso the Third by his first Wife Maud Countess of Bologne on whom he had a Son but her Title was rejected as over antiquated being above 330 Years standing Savoy and Parma were soon thrown out because too weak to carry on their Pretences not because they wanted a Title The People attempted to carry it by Election but miscarried The Dispute rested betwixt Philip of Spain Katherine of Bragança and Antony Prior of Crato we shall soon see where the Controversie ended 4. Several Methods were proposed to determine these Differences Means proposed to reconcile thaâ— different Pretensions Some would have one of King Philip's Sons Marry the Daughter of the Duke of Bragança Others more inclined to Antony would have that Daughter given to him Others there were who advised the
the Dutch broke into the City where they found no less opposition than without most of them that entred being either killed or wounded At length they were repulsed in all parts with the loss of near 1000 men This discouraged not the Dutch who still carryed on their works with great diligence raising new batteries and lodging themselves upon the edge of the ditch Then they fell to mining which the besieged understanding they countermined and drove them out of all their subterraneous works These losses made the Enemy alter their resolutions and change the Siege into a blockade whereupon the Governour turned out 300 persons that were not fit for Service whereof about 200 escaped into the Mountains The Dutch having received considerable supplies carry on their works anew and again fall to battering of the place incessantly Embassadors from the King of Candia were conducted through the Enemies Camp into the City where they demanded it should be put into the hands of their Master All the answer they received was by thrusting them out of the gates Though they shewed this resolution the City began to be infected with the stench of the dead who were not well buried and Famine raged so violently that it was proved that Mothers had eaten their own Children Gerard Huld the Dutch Generall being killed by a shot in the Head the Governor of Galé who succeeded him in that Command fearing least another General might come and rob him of the Honour of taking the Place carryed on his Works and plyed his Batteries so briskly that several large Breaches were made On the 7th of May 1656. he assaults St. John's Bulwark and carrying it with the same heat enters a new Fort that was raising thence the Dutch venture to break into the Town whence after a long dispute they were beat out and the Besieged following their Advantage recovered the Fort and Bulwark yet fresh Enemies coming on the Dutch again made themselves masters of the latter and lodged themselves therein That Night the Governor of the Town being informed that two Women had eaten their own Children caused them to be shot to pieces at the mouth of great Guns Next Day seeing it impossible to maintain the Place he call'd a Council where it was resolved to surrender After some Debates the Articles were agreed upon which were honourable to the Besieged and in pursuance to them the Governor marched out with only 94 Officers and Soldiers and 100 Towns-men The Hollanders committed all manner of Sacriledge in the Town and without regard to their Articles plunder'd those few Towns-men and Soldiers that were left alive But from so infamous a Nation nothing but Villany can be expected The Count de Sarzedas Vice-Roy of India dying as was said before upon opening the Patents of Succession it appeared that Emanuel Mascarenhas Homem was to fill his Place Four Ships and one Caravel sailed this Year from Lisbon to India Anno 1656. 1. THE King's Distempers which had long molested him No military Exploits of moment this Year daily increased yet he omitted not to apply himself to the Cares of the Government The War was still carryed on with so little Vigour on both sides that nothing occurs this Year but some few Incursions more like Robberies than military Exploits and the consequence of them inconsiderable Skirmishes whereof so many have been already related in the foregoing Years that to say more of them will only serve to nauseate and tire the Reader This quiet was general throughout all the Provinces of the Kingdom and enabled them the better to bear the Storm that ensued after the King's Death for the Spaniards then altering their measures the following Years were full of Action considerable Armies appeared in the Field Bloody Battles were fought and the Portugueses in the end obtained glorious Victories 2. Francis de Sousa Coutinho Negotiations abroad continued still Ambassador at the French Court and maintained the good Correspondence that has always been betwixt that Crown and Portugal The King being desirous before his Death to have his Ambassador admitted by the Pope ordered Francis de Sousa to go in that quality to Rome He obeyed and though assisted by all the interest of France and appearing with as great a Train as any other Ambassador could never obtain to be admitted as such by his Holiness Antony Raposo who resided with the same Character in Holland having received a Letter from the Arch-Duke Leopold iâ—â—â—ting him to discover the Secrets of his Master upon proâ—â—â—e of great Reward sent the Letter to the King The Dutch with the goods News of their Success in Ceylon began to forget their loss at Pernambuco and consequently appeared more favourable to Antony Raposo Francis Ferreyra Rebello who resided in England after the Ratification of the Peace had no Business of moment The Count de Atouguia governed Brazil much beloved and esteemed by the Inhabitants for his Generosity and good Conduct 3. At the beginning of this Year D. Ferdinand de Menezes The Count de Ericeyra succeeds D. Roderick de Castro in the Government of Tangier Count de Ericeyra was sent Governor of Tangier With him went 11 Caravels with recruits of Men and Horses Cloaths and Provisions for the Garrison D. Roderick de Castro having put him into possession of the Government departed and arrived again at Lisbon with the 11 Caravels that carryed the new Governor As soon as the Count had viewed the Garrison he marched out against the Moors and having drawn them within the reach of his Entrenchments where he had placed his Foot with some pieces of Canon made a considerable slaughter among them In May the English Fleet under the command of Montague and Blake appeared before Tangier and asked leave to water which was granred them but they going ashore disorderly some of them were killed by the Moors The Fleet being gone the Count set out his Horse to burn the Corn the Moors had sowed about Tangier which was effectually performed but the Moors pressing hard upon those who had fired it recovered the Cattle they were driving to Tangier Alexander de Sousa governed Mazagao but that place affords nothing but the usual skirmishes with the Moors What happened in India was related the last Year and this furnishes nothing new only two Ships sailed thither this Year 4. The King growing daily more and more infirm The King 's last Sickness and Death and still continuing his Custom of Hunting once a Week went out accordingly on the 25th of October but feeling a great pain in his Side returned home before Noon Some days were spent by the Physicians in applying all sorts of Medicines they thought proper but his Distemper still increasing he at length made his Will and received the Viaticum with great Resignation Those few days he lived after this Preparation were spent in Devotions for the most part and the rest in giving advice to the Queen the Princes his Counsellors Generals and
others who had any share in the Administration of the Government At length on the 6th of November being Munday having given all imaginable Tokens of true Repentance and Christian Piety he gave up the Ghost into the Hands of his Redeemer The King being dead the Lord Chamberlain dressed him in the Royal Robes and layed him upon a Bed the Bells throughout the City and the Tears of his Subjects equally signifying the loss sustained by the Kingdom After noon the Council met and opening his Will found he appointed the Queen Regent of the Kingdom and Protectress of his Children that the Royal Chappel should be finished according to the Model by him begun that the Monastery of S. Clare at Coimbra should be finished That several Pensions should be given to Persons there named That 2000 Cruzados should be immediately distributed to poor Monasteries and that his Body should be interred in the Church of S. Vincent All the while the Body lay in State in the Guard Chamber of the Pallace the People thronged to see it Thence it was removed attended by all the Officers of the Houshold and Clergy of the whole City to the Church of S. Vincent and there put into the Tomb appointed for it King John was of a middle Stature very handsome before he had the Small Pox his Hair fair his Body gross but strong He hated gayety in Cloaths and therefore was careless in his Dress always an Enemy to new Fashions His Discourse was Witty and Pleasant his Judgment sound but affecting to have all his Orders unblameable he was often too slow in his Resolutions He had but one Wife which was the Lady Luisa de Guzman Daughter to the Duke of Medina Sidonia By her he had Issue Theodosius who dyed at Lisbon His Wife and Issue in the 19th Year of his Age Emanuel and Anne who both dyed in their Infancy at Villa Viciosa before their Father ascended the Throne Alfonso who succeeded his Father and was afterwards deposed Peter now reigning Joanna who dyed at Lisbon in the 16th Year of her Age. And Catherine Queen of England One Bastard Daughter called Mary who lived and dyed in the Monastery of Carnide near Lisbon In this City the King dyed upon Monday the 26th of November in the Year 1656 at the age of 5â— Years and 7 Months whereof he was 26 Duke oâ— Barcelos 10 Duke of Braganza and 16 King of Portugal Anno 1657. AFter the death of the King the Queen Dowager whâ— was also regent during the minority of her Son being a Woman of a haughty and active Spirit presently bent her thoughts upon making some considerable attempt on the Enemies Frontiers least they should imagine that the loss of their King had discouraged the Portugueses or dissipatated their Councils To this effect and to gain her self a greater Reputation among her own People she ordered the Count de San Lorenzo who then Commanded upon the Frontiers with all secrecy and expedition to attempt the surprizing of the Fort of Barcarota in which she was informed there was but a small Garrison At this time Francis Tutta-villa Duke of St. German was Generall of the Spanish Frontiers by birth he was an Italian and as to his person and experience a Soldier of known courage and Conduct He having private intelligence of the design covertly put 500 chosen men into Barcarota with orders to Stand upon their guard that they might surprize those who came to surprize them The Portugueses aâ—temptinâ— Barcarota are repulsed with loss The Portuguese Forces who knew nothing of this reinforcement boldly making up to the Fort before break of day were on a sudden assaulted by the Spaniards sallying furiously upon them and they expecting no such reception were soon put to flight and a great number slain and taken prisoners This rash and fruitless attempt by which the Queen thought to have made herself terrible to her Enemies produced a quite contrary effect for it only provoked his Catholick Majesty to carry on the War against Portugal with greater vigour than had been done of late years In order thereto the Spanish Generall the Duke of St. German having been sent for to Madrid and there fully empowered to act as he should find most expedient returned to the Frontiers well furnished with mony Armes provisions 20 peices of Canon and an Army of 13000 Foot and 4000 Horse He was at first doubtfull whether he should bend his Force against Elvas or Olivenza but considering the dammage received from the frequent excursions of the garrison of the latter of these two places he resolved to attack it Olivenza is seated in a plain almost a League from the River Guadiana and beset on all sides with hills that command it being within Canon shot The Fortifications of the place were after the modern manner consisting of Nine bastions two half Moons and two Forts and was next to Elvas the strongest place in Portugal The Duke being come before the Town and perceiving the Seige would be a work of time The Duke of St. German the Spanish Generall besieges Olivenza enclosed the whole place within his lines possessing himself of the hills and strengthning his lines with 21 redoubts and four large places of Armes Four batteries were presently raised which played with good success upon the Town but whatever they cast down in the day the besieged repaired by Night After which another was planted on the Monastery of St. Francis which overtopping the Walls slew many in the streets till such time as a strong work was cast up by the garrison which covered that part of the Town The trenches were diligently carryed on and many sallies made by the besieged The Duke perceiving the conquest of this place to be a work of great difficulty thought fit to reduce it by Art as well as Main-force Having therefore suffered his men to lye still severall days as if he intended to starve the Town on a sudden in the dead of Night he assaulted the greater of the two Forts with his whole power The besieged being at first surprized and not knowing whither to run gave way 〈◊〉 the Enemy who thought themselves possest of the Fort till Emanuel de Saldanha the Governour of the Town comming with fresh supplies drove them out and the Duke fearful of exposing his men sounded a retreat Twenty days after the Town was invested the Count de St. Lorenzo came to the relief of it with an Army of 12000 Foot and 3500 Horse After being four days on the Banks of the River he moved nearer to the Enemy and planted a battery against their works but the Duke having raised also another did such Execution that he was glad to withdraw and return to his Camp near Jurumenha Three days he lay there and then again drew near to Olivenza to discover how the Town might best be relieved or at least to encourage the besieged by his presence to which purpose he sent severall Messages to
Souza de Macedo one of the Counts creatures who for some words spoken to the Queen had been ordered into banishment but unknown to her lay concealed at Court In order to raise him to the Honour of prime Minister the King begged of the Queen that she would forgive his offence and consent that his banishment should be remitted but notwithstanding his repeated instances and submissive intreaties she remained implacable Alphonso thinking to Conquer her obstinacy by extenuating the crime put into her hands the order of Council for his banishment wherein it was expresly set down that rather for to satissfy her resentment than for that his fault deserved such punishment they had for some days thought fit to send him into exile This which should have been a motive to appease so enraged her that she flew out into many extravagant speeches unbeseeming a private woman and much more a Queen The Queen 's undecent behaviour towards the King and after venting her fury in this undecent manner without any regard to the King's presence she flung into another Room whence she sent a billet to him demanding to have Antony de Souza severely punished The King hoping her passion would fall by degrees and that she might be brought to reason shewed not her billet according to custom to the Council of State but she on the contrary becomming dayly more intractable and he not able long to hide his resentment their animosities swelled to such a pitch that the Court was almost empty all men shunning him as declining and she admitting none to her presence being wholly Transported with the desire of Revenge Mean while Antony de Souza appeared more openly in the pallace than he had done before being always well attended to prevent danger But there wanted not those who soon spread it among the People that he threatned the City in case he were expelled the Court that he would repair to the Army with the which he would return to punish their Rebellion with fire and Sword Many such like discourses were framed and given out on purpose to incense the People against the King and fix their affections upon his brother as their deliverer from Tyranny and oppression Things being thus disposed the Infante to requite the Queens Favours and raise himself one step nearer to the Crown resolved by open Force if other means failed to expel Antony de Sousa from the Court. In order hereto on the 5th of October 1667 he went from his House to the Pallace accompanyed by a great Number of the Nobility The Infante heads the Rabble and all the Rabble of the City following in a most Tumultuous manner Being come to the Pallace he stayed till all the Councellors of State summoned by him the day before were come that the foulness of the Action might be somewhat disguized by their presence They being all come he enters with them the King's Bed-Chamber before he was awake who was not a little surprized to see such a croud Rush in upon him at so unseasonable an hour Then the Infante told him that his Crown and Person were in extream danger the multitude being in Arms about the Pallace demanding Antony de Souza should be delivered to them to receive condign punnishment for the affront he had done to the Queen To these words he added more threats in the name of the People but as he would have run on the King in a rage interrupted him calling aloud for his Sword The Infante according to his usual dissimulation calmly offered him his which he would not accept The Noise of the Multitude filling the Pallace brought the Queen to the King's apartment where she found him in a violent passion and enquiring as if she had not known what the matter was he told her that Antony de Souza in malice and despight to his Authority had been murdered and that now they came in Tumultuous manner to force him to pardon the murderers But she who knew better replyed that Souza was living which the King would not believe till the Duke of Cadaval having dragged him from his lurking place brought him into his presence At his sight he was somewhat appeased and then the Queen Infante and the rest of their followers left him abruptly When they were gone the King said he forgave them who had so undecently urged the expulsion of Antony de Souza to which the Count de Sabugal then present insolently answered they stood not in need of pardon but deserved praise and this he repeated till the King told him he would bestow pardon and praise where each was requisite So much is regal Authority depressed when faction prevails Antony de Souza this Tumult being over continued still in the Pallace which the Infante observing consulted with his Friends what was next to be done One among them hotter than the rest said the next thing was to assume the Crown whilst the Peoples affection stood for him but he took him up very short being unwilling as yet to have the secrets of his heart pryed into as fearing an Action done in that Tumultuous manner could not be durable Antony de Sousa and Emanuel Antunes the remaining Friends of the King forced to fly It was resolved that Antony de Souza and Emanuel Antunes should be threatned with death unless they departed the Pallace They perceiving no power was left in the King or their friends to protect them stole away privately without the King's knowledge by Night Next Morning the King missing them ordered search to be made for them The King abandoned by all Men. but in vain for his orders were wholly neglected In this Condition finding himself forsaken by his Friends and oppressed by his Enemies he knew not which way to turn himself or of whom to ask Advice His Council sided with the Infante his Queen favoured him the People followed and the Nobility adhered to him Thus all things being in extream Confusion even the moderate party began to think no way was left to settle Peace and restore Tranquility but the assembling of the Cortes or Parliament The Magistrates of Lisbon and the Common Council were the first that petitioned the King to summon the three Estates but he being sensible the only design was to dethrone him put them off from day to day without any positive Answer Whereupon they took the boldness to write to all the principal Towns of the Kingdom exhorting them by importunate petitioning to extort the King's Consent A few days after the Council of State at which were present the King Queen and Infante unanimously made their Application to him to the same effect but he being the more convinced it was a design lay'd against his Person became the more obstinate in refusing so that nothing was done for that day But the next day the Council meeting again and sending him a most audacious remonstrance full of invectives against his Conduct and urging the necessity of assembling the three Estates and
of the Siege p. 165 Overthrows the Moors with a handful of Men. Another like Exploit of his p. 166 Wars with Leon. p. 167 Being put to flight breaks his Leg fulfilling his Mothers Curse when he put Fetters upon her Besieged in Santarem by the Moors sallies out and defeats them p. 168 His Death p. 172 His Armes Wife and Issue p. 173 K. Alonso the IId of Portugal his Birth p. 180 He attacks the Towns given by his Father to his Sisters Is routed by the King of Leon. p. 181 Recovering defeats the Army of Leon. Is reconcil'd to his Brethren p. 182 Laws enacted by him p. 183 His Death Wife and Issue p. 184 K. Alonso the III. his Birth and Actions till his Assumption to the Crown p. 192 He is received as Regent Puts away his Wife and marries another p. 193 Conquers Algarve p. 194 His Cruelty towards his lawful Wife p. 196 Resumes his former Gifts and opposes the Clergy p. 198 His Description Death and Issue p. 199 His Arms Men famous in his time p. 200 K. Alonso the IV. wholly addicted to his Pleasure p. 219 At variance with his Bastard Brother Ibid. Marries his Daughter to the King of Castile p. 220 Enters Castile with an Army p. 225 Aids the Castilians against the Moors in Person â— 226 The two Kings overthrow the Infidels p. 227 His eldest Son privately marries the Lady Agnes de Castro p. 228 His Death Wife and Issue p. 229 His Arms. p. 230 King Alonso the V. his Birth His accession to the Crown and Differences betwixt the Queen and Nobility p. 279 He marries the Regents Daughter Takes upon him the Government and confirms all that had been done by the Regent p. 283 Takes Alcazer on the Coast of Africk p. 287 Takes Arzila and Tangier Changes his Title p. 289 Wages War with Castile in defence of the rightful Heiâ—ess p. 290 Prosecutes the War p. 291 Sails into France p. 294 Resolves to end his days at Hierusalem p. 296 His Death p. 297 His Issue and Discoveries during his Reign p. 298 K. Alonso the VI. takes upon him the Government p. 5â—â— The source of his Misfortunes p. 529 Slanders cast upon him p. 533 Resolves to take upon him the Government p. 538 Those that affronted him in the person of Conti Banished p. 541 He grows more loose in his Life p. 542 A Match concluded for him p. 545 He offers the Infantâ— satisfaction p. 552 Fearing the Faction offers to compound with the Infante p. 553 Is in great perplexity p. 5â—5 Betrayed by his Queen Makes choice of Antony de Soâ—â—a de Macedo in the place of Castelmelhor p. 556 Is abandoned by all Men. p. 5â—9 Forced by his Enemies to call the assembly of the States Designs to fly to the Army but is prevented by his Brothâ—â— p. 560 Resolutely desires to resign the Crown p. 562 Is sent Prisoner to the Island Tercera Brought back and confined to the Castle of Cintra p. 566 His Death p. 569 P. Alonso marries Elizabeth Daughter to the K. and Q. of Castile and Aragon p. 360 He is kill'd by a fall from his Horse p. 307 Alonso Son to K. Edward I. that had the Title of Prince in Portugal p. 275 An incredible Relation p. 121 An Astrological Prediction p. 275 Antonius Pius Emperour p. 78 D. Antony de Aâ—aide Favourite to K. John the III. his Character p. 331 Antony de Sousa and Emanuel Anâ—unez the remaining Friends of the King forced to fly p. 559 Antony the Bastard declared Protector by the Rabble p. 356 His Birth and Education He enters Lisbon and is saluted King p. 357 His Army routed He is forced to fly and abscond p. 360 He arrives at the Terzeras with a Fleet from France p. 361 His Fleet destroyed by the Spaniards p. 362 He flies into England p. 363 Dyes in France p. 364 Arian Heresie first spread in Lusitania p. 92 Arms of Porto p. 34 Artilius again overthrows the Lusitanians p. 31 Augustus Caesar comes into Spain p. 69 Is acknowledged Emperour of the World and temples erected to him p. 70 Azamor on the coast of Africk submits to the King of Portugal p. 303 〈◊〉 is taken by force p. 323 B. BAbel â—Tower built p. 3 Bacchus in Spain p. 11 Badajoz Besieged p. 497 Baia recovered p. 379 Barbarities of the Rebellions Rabble p. 255 Barbarous Sacrifice p. 17 Battle betwixt two Kings p. 292 Betwixt private Men and their Forces p. 199 Of Ourique and Reflections upon it p. 162 Of Elvas Spaniards defeated p. 499 Of Evora p. 514 Of Montesclaros p. 524 Beatrix Daughter to K. Emanael marryed to the Duke of Savoy p. 326 Bemoy an African Prince flies into Portugal Is murdered by Peter Vaz da Cunha p. 305 K. Bermudo advanced to the Throne overthrows the Moors He resigns the Crown p. 117 K. Bermudo the II. looses many places and is routed by Almanzor p. 134 K. Bermudo the III. succeeds p. 140 Betus the VI. King of Spain p. 5 Birth of our Saviour p. 71 Of King Emanuel's fourth and fifth Sons p. 320 Of Camaen the great Portuguese Poet. p. 321 Of King John's Son Peter now reigning p. 446 Of the Infanta Mary Frances p. 567 Bishop of Lamego going Ambassador to Rome taken by the Spaniards p. 402 Blanch Divorced from the Prince p. 221 Body of Spanish Horse Routed p. 521 Bâ—gud the African ravages the Coasts p. 65 Both sides cease from Hostilities p. 434 D. of Braganza Beheaded for High-Treason p. 301 Brigus IV. King of Spain p. 4 Brutus the Consul takes the City Lacobrica and destroys the Countrey about Braga p. 42 He destroys near 60000 Galicians Conquers Lusitania and Galicia and Triumphs at Rome p. 43 C. CAcus chosen General p. 12 Cadiz Assaulted by the English p. 380 Caesar comes into Lusitania p. 57 Subdues the Herminij and routs a vast multitude p. 58 His remaining Actions in Spain p. 59 He returns and expels Pompey's party p. 62 Overthrows young Pompey at Munda p. 63 Conquers the Lusitanians and setling Peace at Beja calls that City Pax Julia. p. 65 Caiâ—s Caligula Emperor p. 74 Carthaginians come to relieve the Phaenicians p. 15 They are defeated p. 16 Expelled by the Romans p. 26 M. of Caracena General of the Spaniards p. 521 Besieges Villaviciosa p. 522 C. Castenheda Besieges Valencia de Alcantara p. 517 Advances to relieve Villaviciosa p. 523 Castile separates from Leon and erects a Government under two Judges p. 126 Castilians enter Portugal p. 263 C. Castelmelhor succeeds in the King's favour p. 538 He rises p. 540 His Brother favourite to the Infante p. 544 He withdraws from Court p. 555 Catherine Infanta of Portugal married to King Charles II. of England p. 502 Celtae settle in Portugal p. 14 Cessation of Arms betwixt Spain and Portugal for three Years p. 267 With the Dutch p. 403 Charity of the Spaniards to the distressed Portugueses p. 277 Charles V. the Emperor marries Elizabeth Sister to
censure by reason there is little in it but what has been delivered by Roman Writers who have for the most part passed current in the World or if any of them have not it is no way the Business of this work to vindicate them After the first Preaching of the Gospel we shall here and there meet with some account of Miracles wrought which perhaps may not sute with all Palates Most Christians do allow that the first spreading of Christianity was wrought with the help of stupendious Wonders God so ordaining it for the convincing of the hardned Painyms who being carnally Educated could never be brought to comprehend the sacred Doctrine of Christ unless they had been convinced by the working of some supernatural Operations Most Christians I say do allow of this at least in the Infancy of Christianity and these I believe will not much reflect upon the credit of such as they shall here meet withal and for those pretended Christians who cry down all that is not suitable to their own Enthusiastick Notions it is not material whether they give credit to these things or not since many of them have had the prophane Impudence with sacrilegious Tongues and Pens to endeavour to abolish the use of the Lord's Prayer and Creed and it is no discredit for a Christian Author to be disesteemed by those who made so little account of Christ himself and his Apostles However I do not urge this to oblige the believing of all such miraculous Relations as shall occur in this History it will appear I am not over-fond of them my self Doubtless in all parts of the World God permitted Miracles to be wrought for his own Glory and for the Salvation of Souls but whether the same or in the same manner as they are here related is left to every one to believe or dis-believe at his pleasure To proceed there follows for some hundreds of years after the Redemption of Man a most obscure and uncertain account of what hapned not only in Portugal but throughout all Spain From the total Conquest made by Augustus till the coming of the Barbarous Goths Suevians Vandals Alans and the rest there was for the most part a continual Peace throughout Spain which being during that time a Province subject to the Empire either yielded no matter worth the Writing or else wanted Writers to transmit it to Posterity The barbarous Nations above mentioned were so far from the thoughts of recording their own Acts that their greatest care was to root out and destroy all Learning and Civility for which reason their History is transmitted to us so interrupted and imperfect that scarce any Connection can be found in it But when these Savage People by the receiving of Christianity had been somewhat Civilized and it might have been hoped the Clouds of ignorance would have been dispersed then their grievous Sins called upon them a heavy Judgment from Africk which was an inundation of Moors who in the space of eight Months overran all Spain destroying not only Books but all Monuments of Antiquity that were then remaining and driving the miserable Christians into Dens and Caves upon the Mountains whence afterwards issuing out they had so much continual employment for the Sword that none had time to perpetuate with the Pen what the Sword performed Hence followed such a profound ignorance in this Kingdom of Portugal the perpetual Wars taking away all thoughts of Learning that for many Years after it had Kings of its own yet it wanted Writers to perpetuate their Memory These are in short the defects of this History if they may be termed such since as we have said before there is none perfect in the World and those I think are sufficiently answered to satisfy such reasonable persons as will not expect impossibilities Of the Supplement it will be needless to add more than has been already said unless it be a word touching the conclusion of it and in relation to the account there given of the hard usage of the unfortunate King Alphonso Yet because I think as much has been said there as is requisite to justify what I have Written I will not tire the Reader 's patience only once for all assure him that nothing has been there Writ by me for Favour or Affection since I may rather expect to be condemned than rewarded for any thing that seems to vindicate that unhapy Prince I must confess I could not without Concern read a Book published here in the Year 1677. and Entituled The Portugal History Or a Relation of the Troubles that hapned in the Court of Portugal in the Years 1667. and 1668. For in that Treatise I find King Alphonso treated in so cruel a manner that it would afflict the hardest Heart that has any remorse or consideration for the Majesty of Kings It was not the imprisoning and dethroning of that poor Prince which was the hardest part of his Misfortunes this Book I mentioned and others like it have yet gone farther by blasting his Memory to posterity and representing of him as a Monster rather than a Man These enormities I have laboured the best I could to rectify by giving the truest Character of that Prince I could and the most impartial account of his Misfortunes In this part I have made use of other impartial Authors and also of authentick informations from such persons as knew that King and were Witnesses to the whole contrivance of his Deposition and Imprisonment Thus much may suffice to inform not to prepossess the Reader All Books that appear in publick are exposed to Censure and few or none escape it even the best are not exempted and therefore I cannot hope this should But let it take its Chance there are sundry sorts of tasts among Men what one likes another loaths and even so it falls out in Books some Men extoll and others cry them down this cannot be so unfortunate as not to please some body Those who like it will have their reward in pleasing themselves and such as are disgusted with it will have no recompence for their Dissatisfaction THE HISTORY OF PORTUGAL The First BOOK CHAP. I. Of the Dispersion of the People after the Deluge The Coming of Tubal into Spain His Life Death and Burial The Succession of Iberus Jubalda Brigus Tagus Gerion and his Sons AFter the World had suffered the just Punishment of its Guilt in the Universal Deluge Noah's Flood the Wrath of Heaven being appeased and the Elements restored to their first Harmony the Ark that for the space of a Year had preserved in its Boâ—els the Hopes of the Propagation of Human Kind 〈◊〉 vast Ocean of the over-flowed Earth at length 〈◊〉 on the top of the famous Mount Ararat in Armeniâ—â— Noah coming out offered Sacrifice to GOD to incliâ—e him to bestow new Bounties and Mercies upon him Hâ—ving received a Promise he descended from that 〈…〉 Heighth to a Plain called Sennaar at that time covered with Carcases in horrid Scene
of the Hill daring the Romans to give Battel Metellus waiting an Opportunity took it so aptly that he killed and made Prisoners 20000 of Herculeius's Army driving the rest out of the Field and was so delighted with this great Success that he caused Images of Victory as he came into every Town to be let down artificially with Garlands of Flowers to crown himself as also his Praises to be publickly sung Sertorius immediately marched to seek the Victor who was on his Way to Catalonia He did not overtake him but cut off a Party of Horse that was carrying the News of the Victory and some of the Prisoners to Pompey Herculeius was so much ashamed of his Defeat that he absconded and would not be seen but Sertorius comforted him and with much Difficulty prevailed with him to appear again 2. Sertorius leading a mighty Army against Metellus who was in the Kingdom of Murcia by the Way destroyed all the Province of Andaluzia Metellus retiring to Valencia where Pompey then was who sent a Party of Light-Horse to discover the Strength of Sertorius and found his Army numerous and in good Order He passed the River Guadalaviar near whose Banks the two Roman Generals lay encamped on an advantageous high Ground Both Armies being resolved to give Battel and being drawn out in order to it they stopped to see the Event of a single Combat between two Soldiers who had challenged one another Pompey's Soldier having killed him of Sertorius taking off his Helmet to cut off his Head he found it was his own Brother whereupon he immediately killed himself This strange Accident put off the Battel for that Day but the next Day after they engaged with great Resolution Metellus and Pompey again overthrow Sertorius when in the Heat of the Action a Soldier telling Sertorius that the General of the Horse was killed he struck him through the Body that he might not terrifie others with that News Yet neither this nor all he could do was enough to prevent his being put to the Rout with the Loss of 6000 of his Men. It was no less Grief to Sertorius than the Loss of the Battel that the City Valencia submitted to the victorious Romans and much more when other Places followed the Example of it amongst which was Guadalaxara Hither he marched with Speed but the Inhabitants being fled to a Place almost inaccessible full of many great Caves they scoffed at him asking whether he had Wings to come at them He tried all Stratagems to reduce them but nothing succeeded At length he raised great Heaps of Sand and Dust opposite to the Mouths of the Caves and waiting till a strong North Wind blew directly in upon them caused his Men with Shovels to cast up the Sand which being so shaken was by the Wind carried into the Caves so violently that those within being almost stifled were glad to cry for Mercy Sertorius forgave them all and took nothing from them but some necessary Provisions for his Army 3. This last Action gained Sertorius great Reputation as well of Policy to overcome as of Clemency towards the vanquished but his Forces being very much broken some of the principal Romans that followed him proposed to come to an accommodation with Pompey Sertorius utterly rejected their Advice saying Since the Romans would not treat with him in his Prosperity he would never condescend to fue to them in his Adversity And that his Actions might sute with his Words tho' then weak and lately overthrown hearing that Pompey had distressed Palencia he hasted to the relief of the Besieged and without loosing time he Assaults the Romans and his Men being much disordered in the Confusion he was got so far among his Enemies that his Horse being killed he had inevitably perished had not a Body of Lusitanians offered to Sacrifice their own lives for the defence of his They desperately forced their way to the place where he was Fighting and taking him into the midst of them carried him off in safety He thus brought back to his Men so encouraged them with his presence He recovers and worsts the Romans that they obliged Pompey to quit his Camp and with it his Tents and Engines Had not the Night been so near few Romans had escaped but they under the shelter of it got away to places of safety In the mean while Metellus laid hard Siege to Calahorra but the victorious Sertorius drove him thence by main force with the Slaughter of 3000 of his Men and entring the Town Commended the Fidelity of the Inhabitants Here he was informed that Metellus and Pompey joyning their Forces lay before Osca or Huesca his University thither he hasted and Encamped at a small distance from them so carelesly that Metellus forced him to take shelter in the Besieged City in great Confusion leaving behind him many Armes and Horses and much Ammunition This frown of Fortune moved the Romans who had hitherto followed Sertorius to conspire against him Here by the way it is to be observed That doubtless there were two Osca's since we Read that before this time they Fought in Andaluzia near Osca and now again being in the Territories of Aragon Sertorius fled to Osca 4. Perpenna that Roman who had hitherto so faithfully served Sertorius now tempted by the promised rewards undertook to kill him Sertorius himself in some measure forwarded his Design by putting to death the Sons of many Spaniards who had revolted from him to the Romans which rendred him odious to the People and ministred an opportunity to Perpenna to compass his intended Treachery Sertorius understanding there was a Conspiracy against him Sertorius Murthered gave an account thereof to the Lusitanians who were his Guard and they immediately put to Death Ten of the Conspirators None seemed more to commend this Execution than Perpenna who as it were to divert Sertorius invited him to a Supper whither he suspecting nothing went and in the height of his Mirth was killed with 21 Wounds The first that struck him was a Roman called Antony There was no less mourning at his Death among the Lusitanians than had been for Viriatus and many killed themselves at his Funeral The Hind that had always followed Sertorius seeing him Dead smelling to him and heavily Groaning at length forbearing all Sustenance fell down Dead by his side The Lusitanians gathering his Ashes into an Urne returned to Evora where they were Honourably Entombed The Magistrates of Evora then the chief Government of Lusitania consulting how to secure the Common-wealth resolved not to alter any thing till they saw what was done by Perpenna with whom was the greatest part of Sertorius his Army tho' many had forsaken him seeing Pompey pressing upon them with a mighty Power 5. Perpenna failing of the promised Reward of his Treachery from Metellus 68. was not content to have Murdered his General unless he also usurped his Command Therefore calling together the Heads of the Army after inveighing
Back ELBORA JUSTUS Recaredus had two Wives The first before he came to the Crown was Balda Daughter to the famous King Arthur or to Fonto a Gothish Lord. The Second was Clodosinda Sister to Ingunda the Wife of his Brother Prince Hermenegildus Her chiefest Portion was the Peace established between Spain and France then at War By his first Wife though some will have him to be Illegitimate he had Liuva who succeeded him in the Throne and was of such excellent Beauty of Person and such amiable Behaviour that all his Subjects rather adored than obeyed him except Witericus whom the late King had pardoned for discovering the Conspiracy at Merida This Man before enured to Treachery now compassed his wicked Designs apprehending his natural Lord cutting off his Right Hand and depriving him of his Crown and Life in the Second Year of his Reign 7. Witericus thus Tyrannically possessed of the Government and Regal Throne of all Spain 603. held it seven Years Wetericus usurps which ended in an ignominious Death yet such as he deserved He died miserably dragged about the Streets of Toledo 610. by the People Flavius Gundemarus of the Blood of Recaredus Flavius Gundemarus reigns in that Right ascended the Throne and proved no way inferiour to him for Valour Moderation and Piety He desiring to honour the Church of Toledo 611. made it the Metropolitan of all the Province of Cartagena To which purpose a Synod was held at Toledo in which it was ordained that Criminals should have the Benefit of Sanctuary In this City Death cut him off so early that it is doubted whether he reigned full two Years 612. Our Lusitania then subject to the Gothish Kings Lusitania governed by Lieutenants was governed by their Lieutenants whereof there was one in every Province and some Comites or Counts for then this Title began to be honoured for being rare as now it is little regarded for being so common It is to be observed that at this time the Name of Comites was not Titular as now but denoted a Power and Jurisdiction over Lands of the Crown In Spain there is no Title given by the Kings that is of 400 Years standing Gundemarus Sisebutus chosen King though married to Hilduara leaving no Heirs Sisebutus was chosen his Successor by the Prelates and Nobility 616. He immediately upon his Accession to the Crown commanded all the Jews to embrace the Christian Religion Almost 100000 were baptized and as many chose rather to be banished Spain Sisebutus though absent from Portugal adorned it with many Structures Two Towers with his Name on them remain still at Evora of the Walls then by him built Some of his Coin is also extant on the Reverse whereof is a Cross and about it CIVITAS EBORA DEUS ADJUTOR MEUS He ordered Ships to be built upon the Coast of Lusitania and having obtained some Victories which appertain not to our History 621. died when he had reigned 8 Years and an half much lamented as extraordinarily beloved of his Subjects 8. Sisebutus left a young Son called Recaredus who dying soon after his Accession to the Crown 622. left it to Flavius Suintila Flavius Suintila 's Reign Son to the Holy King Recaredus so worthy a Man that Silebutus always committed to him the Command of his Armies No sooner had he grasped the Sceptre He utterly expels the Romans but he changed it for the Sword and soon drove out of Portugal the small Remains of the Roman Empire which still in much Variety of Fortune had retained some small Hold there During the first five Years of his Reign he behaved himself with that Justice and Piety that among other honourable Titles he obtained that of Father of the Poor Some of his Coin in Gold I have seen whereof one Piece had this Inscription SUINTILA REX EBORA VICTOR Another SUINTILA REX EMERITA PIUS This King stained the Honour of the first five Years of his Reign by the Lewdness of the ensuing five which so incensed his Subjects that he was forced to fly and end his Days in Misery in Lusitania as some will have it or in Toledo according to others Yet other Authors say he and his Son Richimirus were killed by Sisenandus their Successor Some Writers affirm that Sisenandus was Brother to Suintila Certain it is 631. he obtained the Crown by Election with the Assistance of Dagobert King of France Sisenandus succeeds in the Throne whose Favour he had purchased with a great Summ of Money At the Beginning of his Reign he made himself loved and feared He assembled a National Synod at Toledo at which 72 Prelates met Here in regard of what Sisebutus had done with the Jews it was ordained That none should be forcibly constrained to embrace the Catholick Faith 635. Sisenandus died at Toledo having reigned four Years 9. It is doubtful whether Sisenandus was Father or Brother to Chintila King Chintila holds two Synods his Heir Two Synods were held in his Days He reigned three Years and an half and died at Toledo much lamented of all Men. His Son Tulga succeeded him 638. who holding the Crown but two Years His Son Tulga succeeds could not do so much as was expected from his Justice Prudence and Valour He departed this Life at Toledo leaving no Issue Chindasuindus by Force of Arms 640. possessed himself of the Kingdom At Toledo he gathered a Synod of 40 Prelates Chindasuindus possesses himself of the Kingdom by Force Rensiberga Daughter to Evancius the Brother of St. Eugenius Archbishop of Toledo was Wife to this King By her he had three Sons viz. Recesuindus 650. Theodofredus and Favila Having reigned 10 Years he died at Toledo and was buried in the Monastery of St. Romanus founded by himself between Toro and Tordesilas 655. Two Synods were assembled at Toledo during the Reign of Recesuindus Two Synods held by Recesuindus the eldest Son of the late King In the First were 52 Bishops from all Parts of Spain In the Second Council were first heard Debates and Disputes concerning the Primacy of all Spain Braga pretended a Right to that Honour It was decreed that the Archbishop of Braga should be Metropolitan of all Galicia only Another Council was assembled at Merida to the same effect but the Church of Braga still went down About this same time the Gascoigns invaded Spain but were overthrown and expelled though no Particulars of the Action are to be found in History nor of any thing that happen'd in the Space of almost 20 Years which end with the Life of Recesuindus 672. He was buried in the Church of St. Leocadia at Toledo Some of his Coin is still to be seen His only Son Theodofredus was left so young that he was thought incapable of inheriting so great a Monarchy as will appear in the Sequel It is here very remarkable that Pontamius Archbishop of
flight of his Daughter Ximena The third was Sancha Daughter to the King of Navarre by these two he had no Children 923. The last Action of his life darkn'd all the Glory of his former Triumphs He sent for four Counts who governed Castile upon safe Conduct to Carrion and there cut off their Heads Which so incensed the People of Castile that they only wanted an Opportunity to rebell and take Revenge But Death prevented their Designs 924. taking him away at Zamora His Body was buried in the great Church of Leon which City he had so entirely loved that he took its Name for the Title of his Kingdom leaving that of King of Oviedo and Galicia CHAP. VIII The Succession of the Kings of Castile and Leon from the Year 924 till 985 With the Revolt of Count Fernan Gonzalez And the Desolation made in Portugal by Alcoraxis and Almanzor the Moors 1. D. Fruela II. was Successor to his Brother Ordonno Fruela II. usurps the Crown usurping the Crown from his Children who were then very young He was nothing like to his Brother in Valour for he ceased the Prosecution of the War against the Infidels but was not unlike to him in the last Action of his Life for as Ordonno unjustly put to death the fore-mentioned Counts so Fruela wrongfully executed certain Gentlemen called Olmudes He became so odious to the Castilians that the Nobility Castile separates from Leon. and creates a Government under Judges joining together rebelled and separated themselves from the Crown of Leon. To this purpose they chose two Judges to rule them The two first were Nunno Rasura and Lain Calvo They were of the Middle Sort of People neither of the Greatest nor Meanest that so they might neither be too powerful nor become contemptible Yet from them are the Kings of Spain descended At the same time that this Government was instituted in Castile we find Counts governing in some Parts of Portugal as D. Gutierre Arias at Porto and Hufo Hufez at Viseo A Leprosie consumed King Fruela so fast 925. that he died at Leon having reigned scarce a Year and was buried in the Cathedral He had two Wives D. Munia and D. Vrraca By them he had Issue Ordonno Alonso and Ramiro King Ramiro II. put out all their Eyes and thrust them into the Monastery of St. Julian either upon Suspicion or Proof that they conspired against him He had also a fourth Son called Fruela 2. Alonso IV Alonso IV. resigns the Government to his Brother Ramiro Eldest Son of King Ordonno II after the Death of Fruela recovered his Right and Kingdom He was not wicked as his Predecessor but as unprofitable to his Kingdom as he His best Quality was That he was sensible of his own Insufficiency and therefore first sent his Brother Ramiro to govern Portugal and afterwards resigned the Kingdom to him and became himself a Monk Ramiro had chosen the City Viseo for his Residence in Portugal whence he made Inroads into the Frontiers of the Moors and by his gentle Government gained the Affections of the People Here he received Letters from the King his Brother calling him to Court in order to resign the Crown to him for that his Son Prince Ordonno was but an Infant D. Ramiro fearing his Brother's Inconstancy hasted to Zamora that he might not have Time to repent The King immediately put the Crown upon his Head and was the first that did him Homage as his Subject Which done he took the Habit of a Benedictine Monk in the Monastery of Sahagun and is therefore called Alonso the Monk He was married to Ximena the Daughter of King Sancho Abarca of Navarre and had by her Ordonno who came to be King and D. Alonso who died young He died in the Monastery of St. Julian and lies there buried But we shall see him repent and disturb his Brother's Reign 3. King Alonso being become a Monk 928. and repenting Alonso repents and raises a Civil War his Brother Ramiro now possessed of the Crown resolved not to part with it and thus began a Civil War which was the Cause of much Mischief The Moors making their Advantage thereof recovered the Cities of Lamâ—go Braganza and Porto with all the Country lying between the Rivers Tagus and Duero The Castilians also made use of this Opportunity their Judges Nunno and Lain being dead to raise up in their stead the Count Ferran Gonzalez King Ramiro politickly winking at this Affront 932. which he could not revenge upon the Authors invaded the Kingdom of Toledo destroying all before him with Fire and Sword King Alonso the Monk held out two Years in Leon against his Brother Ramiro But then despairing of Success he stirred up Alonso Ordonno and Ramiro the Sons of his Predecessor Fruela to raise a Rebellion in Asturias and Biscay believing that would draw away the King his Brother from attending upon him Nevertheless the King continued the Siege obliged him to surrender and afterwards put him into Prison This done he found Means to apprehend the three Brothers and to prevent future Designs put out theirs and his Brother the Monk's Eyes Two Years Alonso lived blind But the King repenting of this Cruelty used towards his Brother to testifie his Repentance built the Monastery of St. Julian 4. Two Months are said to have passed in the Year 934 934. in which Time the Light of the Sun was scarce seen Prodigies in the Sky at the End whereof a Breach or Yawning appeared in the Sky along which great Flames of Fire were seen to run and the Stars seemed to wander in the Region of the Air. Many Judgments were made upon these Prodigies but most agreed they portended the End of the World to be at hand At last the Sun shined out and whilst the Christians appeased God with Prayers the Moors consulted their Wizards Alfarani of Meca affirmed to King Abderramen that this Prodigy threaten'd the Downfall of Christian Princes if he would take in hand to pull them down Diviners fore-tell what they know is pleasing to Princes and Princes believe that which pleases them Abderramen declares War and makes mighty Preparations for it drawing great Succours out of Africk under the Command of Almanzor With an Army almost innumerable he broke into Portugal bearing down all before him and putting the Christians to most cruel Deaths King Ramiro having gathered the greatest Power he could set forward to meet the Enemy whose Multitude obliged him to retire to the Mountains of Clavijo Ramiro destroys a great Army of Infidels Here the Apostle St. James is said to have appeared to him promising he should obtain a wonderful Victory in that Place In the Fight the Apostle was seen on Horseback making great Slaughter among the 〈◊〉 This Victory some will have to be the Cause of his being taken for Patron of Spain though others say it was that in the Time of King Alonso I. as was
Alonso was glad to abandon that City upon promise to relieve it in four Months He overthrew King Alonso of Navarre in defence of Queen Vrraca and about the Government of Prince Alonso soon after Henry being dissatisfied with the said Queen took part with the King against her and defeated Count Gomes who espoused her Quarrel 7. Whilst he was absent from Astorga those People of the Kingdom of Leon that he had subdued revolted 1112. and he returning His Death and Character laid Siege to Astorga In the heat of the Siege he died and his Son Alonso rising with his Army went away to Bury him at Braga Thus Astorga with all its Territory was lost The death of Earl Henry was much lamented of his Subjects for that he was a Prince of extraordinary Piety Valour and Generosity He overthrew the Moors in Seventeen several Battles and took from them many Cities and places of Strength He lived Seventy Seven Years Governed Portugal with the Title of Earl above Twenty and was Governour of part thereof almost as many more He was of a middle Stature a beautiful and awful Presence his Complection fair his Eyes blew and his Hair yellow inclining to red In his antient Pictures he is represented with his Sword in his hand his Body lies in the Cathedral of Braga with a modern Inscription on his Tomb which mistakes his Country and Parentage The Countess Dowager governed this Dominion for some years as being her Dower and her Son being under Age. She might have ruled longer had she not Married or proposed to Marry the Earl of Trastamara D. Ferdinand de Trava this or some other cause produced Civils Wars betwixt the Mother and Son which ended in her overthrow her Son without regard to the duty he owed to a Mother when she was made Prisoner keeping her in the Castle of Lannoso with Fetters on her Feet till she died in the Year 1130. and was Buried by her Husband 8. The Issue of Earl Henry was His Issue First Alonso Enriquez taking his Name and Sir-Name from his Father and Grand-Father This being his Heir is named before the Sisters though they preceded him as to Birth Secondly the Lady Vrraca Wife to D Bermudo Pâ—â—z Earl of Trastamara Thirdly the Lady Sancha Wife to D. Ferdinand Nunnez a great Man in the Kingdom of Galicia they left no Children Fourthly the Lady Teresa Married to D. Sancho Nunnez Son to Count Nunno de Celanova Fifthly he had a Bastard Son by a Woman of Quality his Name was Peter Alonso of whose brave Actions we shall hear in the life of his Brother Earl Henry for some Years wore a plain white Shield till after he had obtained renown by his Sword he added to it a plain blew Cross CHAP. II. The Birth of Alonso first King of Portugal he takes upon him the Government is proclaimed King by the Army his wonderful Victory over the Moors at Ourique he takes Lisbon Santarem and many other places all from the Year 1094. till the Year 1148. 1. IN July 1094. or according to others on the 15th of August 1094. was Born D. Alonso Enriquez only Son to Earl Henry The Birth of Alonso Enriquez Son to Count Henry and his Lady Teresa at the Town of Guimaraens He is said to have been Born with both his Legs cleaving together from the Knees down and that his Governour Egas Muniz having devoutly begged of Heaven to loosen his Feet the Blessed Virgin appeared to him bidding him carry the Child to an old ruined Church at Carquere near Lamego and that restoring the place and setting the Infant upon the Altar he should recover his Limbs Egas for the space of five Years did as he had been ordered and the Child recovered 1105. This Prince was but Fourteen Years of Age when he began to follow the Wars under his Father and was with him when he died at the Siege of Astâ—rga as has been said before 1112. Having paid the last Honours to his Father to express his great respect towards his Mother he committed the Government to her though then of Age to undertake it himself St. Bernard haâ—â—ng at his Convent of Claraval in France had a vision of St. John Bapist Mâ—nks of Claraval came into Portugal directing him to send some of his Monks to found a Monastery in Portugal in the place that should be shown to them by one John Cerita whom they should find there he accordingly sent seven of his Monks They found Cerita who lived an Austere Eremitical life and conducted them to Prince Alonso by whom they were honourably received and encouraged in their Foundation 1120. Being dismissed they settled in a deep Valley encompassed with high Mountains near the River Barosa almost two Leagues from Lamego where they built a Chappel Dedicated to our Saviour which is still in being in the Village called Pinegro 1121. The following Year they built in a place where they had seen certâ—â—â— Lights during Nine Nights as had been foretold by St. John Baptist to St. Bernard Here Prince Alonso visiting them enlarged the Structure at his own cost John Cerita took the order here and reduced several who lived an Eremitical Life in the Mountains to follow his Example The number of Monks thus increasing he founded another Monastery called St. Christopher de Lafoens Both these Churches were afterwards Consecrated and great Gifts offered in them at the Solemnity 2. Prince Alonso having now weilded a Sword long enough to gain Renown 1125. thought it requisite to be Knighted according to the Custom of those days Alonso Knights himself and thinking there was none about him great enough to Confer that Honour on him by putting on his Armour and girding on his Sword as was then the Custom he laid the Arms upon an Altar and taking them thence put them on himself so taking the Honour at his own hands Prince Alonso's Mother being about to marry the second time it bred such Animosities betwixt them that they finally came to Battle near the Town of Guimaraens 1128. the Mother overthrown fled to the Castle of Lannoso He besieges his Mother takes and puts her into Irons which is hard by and was there Besieged by her Son Alonso VII King of Castile and Leon came to her relief with a powerful Army The Portuguese Alonso was not unprovided but meeting him in the plains of Valdevez put to the Sword the greatest part of his Forces took seven Earls Prisoners and the King himself hardly escaped having received two Wounds This done the young Prince returns to the Siege of the Castle which being yielded to him he put his Mother into Irons She provoked at this dis-respect as her Bolts were put on prayed to God that his Legs might be broke and her Prayers were heard as will appear hereafter 3. Alonso now grown absolute Being himself besieged by King Alonso of Castile he Articles for his
concluded a Truce for Eleven Years conditionally That both Kings should be obliged if they designed to make War at the expiration thereof to notify the same to the other Party Eighteen Months before Several discoveries had been of late Years attempted through the industry of Prince Henry 1420. and now this Year 1420 the Islands of Puerto Santo and Madera were First found such were the beginnings that gave Encouragment to the Discovery of India and America But of these Discoveries we have writ particular Books 1422. In the Year 1422 the King changed the computation of time till then used in Portugal which was from the Reign of Augustus to that of the Year of our Lord in imitation of King John the First of Castile who had made the like Reformation there before 5. This same Year the Constable Nunho Alvarez Pereyra being 62 Years of Age took upon him the religious Order of the Carmelites 1423. in the Monastery of Lisbon built by himself Peace ratified betwixt Castile and Portugal There he lived a very exemplary Life the space of 9 Years and died aged 71 Years To secure the Peace with Castile the King sent his Embassadors thither but one of them being overthrown and almost killed at the exercise of Tilting the Castilian sent an Embassador to Portugal who exchanged the Ratifications War now ceasing 1424. Prince Peter the Kings Second Son resolved to Travel and setting out with a Train sutable to his Quality he ran through a great Part of Europe Asia and Africk Four Years he spent in this imployment having been nobly entertained in the Courts of all Princes These Travels being then rare especially in such Persons gave occasion to many fabulous Relations thereof afterwards spread abroad which rendred the Truth it self suspected The King in the mean while applying himself to the Civil Government Enacted many good Laws 1428. Prince Edward was now 26 Years of Age and yet unmarried Prince Edward contracted to Ellenor Sister to Alonso King of Aragon therefore a Match was at this time concluded for him with the Princess Ellenor Sister to Alonso King of Aragon and Naples Her Dower was 200000 Florins At the same time also the Lady Elizabeth Daughter to the Earl of Vrgel and Grand-Child to Peter the Fourth King of Aragon was contracted to Prince Peter coming home after his Travels and the following Year she was Conducted to Portugal This same Year Philip of Burgundy 1429. Earl of Flanders being the second time a Widower sent to ask the Princess Elizabeth in Marriage which was granted and she sent into Flanders with a Portion of 150000 Crowns 6. The King sent two Embassadors to mediate a Peace betwixt the Crowns of Castile 1430. Arragon and Navarre the two latter whereof were hard pressed by the other The Castilian also that he might not seem to proceed upon unjust Grounds dispatched an Embassador to the Portuguese to acquaint him with the righteousness of his Proceedings 1431. Now at last came the final Conclusion of the long-desired perpetual Peace with Castile for the ratifying whereof Peter Gonzalez Malafaya being sent thither he accompanied that King in his Expedition against the Moors of Granada At their return from that War the Peace was proclaimed in Castile and an Embassador came thence into Portugal to see the same performed there This was the end of those Pretensions which had alarmed these two Kingdoms for the space of almost Fifty Years The victorious King John at length overcome with Age King John falls sick fell sick of his last Malady He was removed to Alcouchete to try whether the Air would do him good but perceiving his Death draw on he caused himself to be carried back to Lisbon There on the Fourteenth of August 1433. 1433. having performed all the Parts of a good Christian His Death he gave up his Ghost Yet with the Authors leave I cannot conceive with what Piety an Usurper can die not having made Restitution The News of his Death being spread through the City it is impossible to express the Sorrow the City was filled with His Body was carried to the Cathedral on the Shoulders of his Sons the Nobility the whole Multitude of both Sexes and all Ages following 7. He had a pleasing Aspect His Character his Stature large and his Strength proportionable for his Helmet kept to this Day is too large for any Head and his Battle-Ax too weighty for any Arm. Prosperity and Adversity he bore equally was Constant Magnanimous Merciful Bountiful and Religious His Buildings were fair and sumptuous as appears by the Monasteries of Peâ—â—longa and Carnota and the Palaces of Lisbon and Santarem and above all the prodigious Structure of the Church of our Blessed Lady of Batalla or of the Battle erected in Memory of the famous Victory obtained at Aljubarrota To describe this wonderful Pile would take up too much room in the small compass of this short History therefore we shall pasâ— it by To this Place was the deceased King with mighty Pomp translated by his Son King Edward just the Day 12 Months after his Death that is on the 14th of August 1434. 8. King John had Eight Children by his Wife Philippa His Wife and Issueâ— Daughter to John Duke of Lancaster 1st Blanch who died in her Infancy 2dly Alonso Born at Santarem and lived but 10 Years 3dly Edward who succeeded him in the Throne 4thly Peter Duke of Coimbra a Man so learned that he wrote several Books he also travelled a great Part of the then known World as was said before and married Elizabeth the Daughter of the Earl of Vrgel which also has been above intimated Being Governour of the Kingdom during the Minority of his Nephew King Alonso he gained many Enemies and was at their instigation put to Death by that King 5thly Henry Duke of Viseo and Master of the Order of Christ who being studious in the Mathematicks fitted out Ships at his own cost to discover the Coasts of Africk wherein he made a great Progress and occasioned the Discovery of India To the end he might wholly addict himself to these Affairs he settled his abode at Sagres near Câ—pe S. Vincent in the Kingdom of Algarve where he died 6thly John Master of the Order of Santiago in Portugal and Constable 7thly Ferdinand Master of the Order of Avis accounted a Martyr for his great Sufferings and Death in slavery among the Moors of Africk 8thly Elizabeth married to Philip the third Earl of Flanders and Duke of Burgundy This King's Bastard-Children were Alonso Earl of Barcelos and first Duke of Bragança and Beatrix married to Thomas Earl of Arundel in England 9. This King reduced the ten Bezants His Arms. before used in each of the five Scutcheons of the Arms of Portugal to five the Cross of Avis appearing underneath in Memory that he had been Master of that Order and because he received the
Reign of King Alonso the Fifth of the Name and Twelfth King of Portugal and his Death from the Year 1470 till 1481. 1. ON the 18th of September 14â—â— died at Setubal Prince Ferdinand Brother to King Alonso and Father to many Children whereof one was Emanuâ—l afterwards King Soon after his Death his Daughter Ellenor was married to Prince John he being Fourteen Years of Age and she Thirteen Twelve Portuguese Ships now coming from Flanders were taken by the English whereupon our King ordered Reprisals to be made and sent Embassadors to complain of it which was followed by a lasting Peace In the mean while Persons were sent to discover the Port of Arzila on the Coast of Africk who brought an Account that 30000 Men were requisite for that Expedition 24000 Landmen besides the Seamen were shipped on Board 308 Sail of all sorts 14â—1 The King sailed to Lagos in Algarve King Aloâ—so 〈…〉 and Tangier before he discovered his Design then passing over to Arzila took that Place as he did Tangier forsaken by the Inhabitants upon the first News of his approach He changeâ— his 〈◊〉 Upon this Conquest the King changed his Titles which before were King of Portugal Algarve and Ceutâ—â— for those of King of Portugal and both Algarves that on this side and that on the other in Africk Prince Ferdinand after he was taken in the former Expedition against Tangier lived Six Years in Slavery and his Body remained Twenty more among the Infidels But the King gave now in exchange for his Bones Two Wives and a Daughter of 〈…〉 Lord of that Place 14â—â— and afterwards King of Fiâ— Thâ— Bones were brought over and buried in the Famous Church of Batalla King Hâ—â—ry of Castâ—â—e and our King Alonso had an interview between Badâ—â—â—z and Elvas about a Match for the Prince of Portugal with 〈◊〉 Princess of Castile but it had no Effect for the rebellious Castilians openly declared her a Bastard and Elizabeth that Kingâ—â— Sister was married to Ferdinand 〈◊〉 Aragon by the Name of Princess of Castile It it horrid to think with what Impudence they durst Declare that Princess a Bastard seeing she was Born in Wedlock and for what they pretended of the King's Impotency it was contrary to Reason since it is notorious the Queen was Jealous of him and she could have no occasion for jealousie had she found the King unfit for the Company of Women But the World is sufficiently convinced there can be no true Reason given to justifie Rebellion yet Rebels never want pretences to Colour their Villany 2. King Henry of Castile met his Sister Elizabeth at Segovia Affairs of Castile and he dying on the 11th of December following it was generally believed he was poisoned In his Will he appointed his Daughter Joanna to succeed him and desired the King of Portugal to take her to Wife At the Hour of his Death his Confessor pressed him to declare who was his lawful Heir and he answered his Daughter Joanna Nothing more could have been done to prove her Legitimate but nothing will suffice against hardned Rebels Scarce was the Princess Elizabeth assured of the King's Death when she caused her self to be proclaimed Queen at Segovia In the mean while the Marquis de Villena the Earl of Benavente and the Bishop of Siguenza appointed by King Henry to see his Will executed sent to the King of Portugal praying him to set forward with all possible speed and that not only they but many more Nobles and the principal Cities of Castile would declare for him The King was then at Estremoz where having consulted his Council he resolved to accept of what was offered and in order thereunto sent his Lord Chamberlain Lope de Albuquerque to Castile who returned to him with fresh Assurances in the Month of January the King being then at Evora Elizabeth the New Queen sent some religious Men to advise our King not to engage in an unjust War as she termed it and to offer him another Joanna Sister to her Husband Ferdinand Alonso 〈◊〉 War with Castile in 〈◊〉 of the 〈…〉 in Marriage He answered he was resolved to stand by his Niece being obliged to it as an Unkle as a King and as a Gentleman 3. Whilst he made Preparations for War he sent an Embassador to Ferdinand and Elizabeth to demand that Crown who returning with such an Answer as he had expected he immediately advances to Castile by the way of Aronches with 5600 Horse and 14000 Foot With this Army he came to Plasencia and was there joyfully received by many of the Nobility There he found the true Queen and was contracted to her those there present and many absent by Proxy swore Allegiance to him The King then stiled himself King of Castile and Portugal and nothing was wanting for Bedding with the Queen but the Dispensation from Rome which Ferdinand and Elizabeth with all their might opposed No sooner was this known to the Castilian King and Queen but they also took the stile of Castile and Portugul and sent Forces to invade that Kingdom which having made some spoil returned without any opposition Queen Joanna sent her Letters to all the Towns of Castile exhorting them to return to her Obedience since they had twice sworn her lawful Heiress to the Crown The King marched to Arevalo and thence to Toro which City held for him and the Castle he took by force Zamora was delivered to him and thither he conducted his Bride Thence they returned to Toro where Queen Joanna Mother to the Bride and Sister to the Bridegroom died on the 13. of June Ferdinand and Elizabeth raised all the Forces they could and had now gathered together 12000 Horse and 30000 Foot With this Force Ferdinand marched and encamped before Toro where feigning Friendship he sent to advise King Alonso to depart or to decide the matter by single Combat neither whereof he well knew could as circumstances stood be accepted However Peter de Avendanho so cut off the Castillian's Provisions that he was forced to draw off his Army to Medina del Campo Thither came Elizabeth to Ferdinand reproaching him that he had not accepted of a single Combat on such terms as the Portuguese allowed of But Money beginning now to fail them and they fearing to tax the People had recourse to the Clergy who gave them half the Plate of the Churches 4. Some Overtures of Peace were now made 〈…〉 but came not to any head Our King marching to relieve Burgâ—s was recalled by the revolt of Zamora which Elizabeth of Castile laying hold of gave out that he fled which drew many to her Party The Portuguese now grew weary of being abroad and the King wanting Money his Subjects refused to furnish him upon that Account so that all his Affairs went backwards King Alonso thus streightned discharged many of his Army and many more went away without expecting a Discharge The Governour of the Castles on
the Fifth to offer him Elizabeth the King 's Eldest Sister in Marriage Yet of a sudden his Instructions were altered and he ordered only to Complement that Prince upon his happy Arrival in Spain The cause of this sudden change was this The Ship called the Victory the first that sailed round the World and the only one that escaped of those that discovered the Streights of Magellan arriving at the Islands of Cabo Verdâ— the Inhabitants understanding she came from the Molucco Islands designed to secure her but they on board having some Jealousie of it immediately set Sail leaving behind their long Boat with thirteen Men who were sent away Prisoners to Lisbon whilst the Ship made her Voyage and arrived safe at Sevil. The Emperor complained hereof to the King and he again that the Emperor's Ships invaded his Conquests demanding the Lading of the Ship Victory D. Lewis de Silveyra spent Eight Months in his Embassy at the Emperor's Court without dispatching any Business and then returning to Portugal found the King at Almeirin where at his first access forgetting or neglecting to kiss his Hand he found himself quite out of favour for D. Antony de Atayde making his Advantage of the others absence had quite worked him out of his Master's Affections Nevertheless D. Lewis continued at Court without ever expressing the least Resentment for his Fall 3. D. Antony de Atayde The Character of D. Antony de Atayde the King's Favourite now the only Favourite was a Person well deserving that high Honour for his singular Prudence and Moderation There are sufficient Testimonies of the former and I will bring one that may fully evince the latter The Lord of Azambuja Head of one of the ancientest Families in Portugal designed to sell that Town to supply his present wants The King told D. Antony it would be proper for him to buy it because it joyned to his Estate He answered It was more for his Highness's Reputation to supply the wants of so Ancient and Honourable a Family than to suffer it to fall to nothing by selling an Estate of that Antiquity The King took his Advice and so generously relieved that Gentleman that he was enabled to preserve his Patrimony This is a good Remark for those who to advance their own Fortunes are so far from regarding any Private Person that they stick not to ruin Kings and overturn Kingdoms It was now thought time that the King should Marry and James Duke of Bragança proposed to him Queen Ellenor his Mother-in-law as Wife to the late King who was vastly Rich. This Proposal being noised abroad was so well liked that the Council of Lisbon addressed him in behalf of themselves and the whole Kingdom praying he would condescend to it The King could not approve of Marrying his Father's Wife and was freed from their Importunities by the Emperor's desiring he would suffer his Sister to return to Castile which was accordingly performed 4. A March being proposed for the King with Katherine 15â—â— Sister to the Emperor Charles the Fifth King John Marries Katherine Sister to the Emperor Charles the Fifth Embassadors were sent to Burgos where that Prince then kept his Court to treat about it The Articles agreed upon were That the Bridegroom should pay the Charge of the Dispensation the Emperor should be at the Expence of her Journey That she should have 200000 Ducats down and 5000 a Year for her Portion besides Jewels and other Necessaries That the third part should be given to her at her Marriage and that her Joynture should be 10000 Ducats a Year with all the Lands and Towns the Queens used to possess The former Peace was confirmed and Supplies promised reciprocally in case of need About the end of the Year she was conducted to the Borders by the Bishop of Siguença and Duke of Vejar and there delivered to the Princes Lewis and Ferdinand sent to attend her The King received her at Crato and she proved one of the best Queens in the World She was happy in bringing forth many Children but unfortunate in the shortness of their Lives which gave occasion to the Multitude to say It was a Judgment of God on the King for the Familiarity he was suspected to have with the Queen his Mother-in-law 1525. At the beginning of the Year a motion was made of a Match betwixt the Emperor and our King's Sister The Emperor Charles the Fifth Marries Elizabeth Sister to King John the Princess Elizabeth Embassadors of the Emperor and the King's Commissioners meeting upon this Subject agreed That the Emperor should be at the Expence of the Dispensation and the King defray the Charge of her Journey as had been done in the Marriage of the Emperor's Sister but the Portion now given with this Princess far exceeded that for it amounted almost to a Million of Crowns In November the Emperor's Embassador was contracted for the Emperor to the Princess and the day after they set forward with the King and Princes 5. The Empress's Journey into Spain was delayed till the Dispensation came from Rome 1526. and then being attended to the Frontiers by many of the Nobility she was there delivered to the Spanish Noblemen sent to receive her She was conducted to Sevil and there received with Pomp suitable to so great a Princess Soon after came the Emperor and in March the Marriage was solemnized We must now pass over seven Years without mentioning any thing of the Affairs of this Kingdom because we find nothing Remarkable except that in the Year 1531. there happened a most terrible Earthquake 1531. which overthrew many Buildings A great Earthquake but chiefly at Lisbon and round about it where whole Towns were overwhelmed About this time also the Tribunal of the Inquisition was erected for suppressing of the Jews Muley Hazen 1534. expelled the Kingdom of Tunis by the Famous Pirate Hariaden Barbarossa fled to the Emperor Charles the Fifth for Succour The Emperor undertook his Protection and in order to it desired Assistance of King John particularly praying him to send an extraordinary Galeon then Famous for its greatness called the S. John 1535. The King sent him that and two others of great Bulk King John sends Succours to the Emperor besides 20 smaller ones loaded with store of Ammunition and bravely manned The Command of this Squadron was given to Antony de Saldana who had served well in India At Barcelona he joyned the Emperor and was by him Honourably received Prince Lewis stole away from Court to serve under the Emperor Charles the Fifth but of this we spoke at the time of his Birth in the Reign of King Emanuel The King sent him 100000 Crowns and the Emperor received him at Barcelona with all possible marks of Honour They set out with 400 Sail and made themselves Masters of Guletta and Tunis 6. From the Year 1535. we find nothing worthy of Memory till 1539. a Year
the Infidels came on to succour them they were received with such a volley of great and small shot as laid many dead before the Town the rest flying with more speed than they came on 6. D. Philip Mascarenhas having ended his Vice-Roy-ship in India and obtained leave of the King to return home The Affairs of India imbarked for Lisbon and died by the way The Count de Aveyras sent by the King to succeed him dying also in the Voyage as was said before the Sealed Patents which are always laid up to provide for such exigencies being opened it was found that the care of the Government was committed to D. F. Francis dos Reys Primate of India Francis de Melo de Castro and Antony de Sousa Coutinho Having entred upon the Government they fitted out a Fleet of 22 Sail Commanded by Antony de Sousa Coutinho one of the Governours This Fleet set sail in order to recover Mascate some of them entred that Bay but receiving much harm from the Cannon of the Town they stood out again and came to Anchor in the River Lafette 100 Leagues from Mascate They had lain there but a few days before they discovered a mighty Fleet of Arabs Commanded by one Hali a Moor. Antony de Sousa received them with such gallantry that after the Battle had lasted many Hours he obtained a Compleat Victory killing above 5000 of the Infidels Captain Antony Lobo in this Action being boarded by two of the Enemies Vessels set fire to his own Powder and blew himself up and both them Antony de Sousa returned to Goa where he found D. Vasco Mascarenhas Count de Obidos whom the King had appointed Vice-Roy upon the News of the Death of the Count de Aveyras Within a very few days the whole City running into Mutiny offered the Government to Antony de Sousa who rejected their offer then they pitched upon D. Bras de Castro a Turbulent Man who presently accepted of it which done they seized upon the person of the Count and kept him Prisoner But God shewed how displeasing to him this Rebellious Government was by the Judgments that immediately attended the beginning of it for the Dutch before the expiration of the Truce began a War which proved the most fatal to the Portugueses of any they ever had since the Conquest of that Countrey The Hollandrs resolving to break the Truce fitted out 10 Ships under the Command of John Mansucar who coming to Tutocorim seized all the Money laid up there to buy Pearl and at the same time took a Ship bound from Cochim to China D. Bras de Castro immediately prepared to oppose them Ceylon was the place next to danger as being that they had always aimed at Emanuel Mascarenhas Homem was Governour there who hearing of the preparations of the Dutch sent four Companies to secure Calaturé the safety of Columbo depending on that Port. This reinforcement not coming in time the place fell into the hands of the Enemy and for Columbo all the people of the Countrey flocking thither could not hold out long for want of Provisions The News of this loss being carried to Manicravare where Lope Barriga Commanded the whole Garrison mutinied because according to the Orders received from Mascarenhas he designed to march them to Columbo and killing some that opposed them sent him away and took the Field The King of Candia thinking to make his advantage of this disorder marched a good body of Forces towards them and offered them large terms if they would come over to his Service They answered him with their Weapons and after a fight which lasted many hours retitired to Columbo Emanuel Mascarenhas the Governour having gathered what Forces he could into the City designed to oppose the mutiniers and fired three pieces of Cannon They resolved to be revenged being reinforced by two Companies of Foot which deserted to them from the City but the Religious and Inhabitants to prevent the mischief they saw impending opened one of the Gates and let them in Emanuel Mascarenhas took Sanctuary in a Monastery and the City chose for their Governours Gaspar de Araujo Pereyra D. Francis Rolim and Francis de Barros da Silva and to Command in the Field Gaspar Figueyra da Serpa an experienced Soldier He hearing the Dutch with some Natives were abroad gathering Cinnamon marched to cut them off but they having intelligence of his march were gone before so having reduced some Towns that had revolted he returned to Columbo The Governours receiving advice that the Dutch were raising a Fort at Angratota which would Command all the Countrey about Columbo sent Gaspar Figueyra with 500 Foot to drive them thence Gaspar Figueyra marched with expedition and having secured all the Avenues by which the Enemies might receive any relief carried on a Trench so close to their work that having raised a Platform and planted thereon one piece of Cannon he so incommoded them that after 10 days the Dutch surrendred upon discretion 110 of them were taken 40 Jaos and 300 Chingalas who were severely punished as being for the most part Subjects to the King of Portugal At the same time John Botado who was in the Inland with a Company of Portugueses and some Blacks was set upon by an Officer of the King of Candia with 3000 Men and though the Blacks forsook him the Portugueses fought so desperately that they put the Indians to flight leaving so many dead that those who saw them could not be perswaded they had been killed by so few John Botado with his Men retired to Columbo Four Ships and one Caravel sailed this Year from Lisbon for India and two Ships from thence arrived in Portugal Anno 1653. 1. KIng John had resolved not to make any great Efforts to carry the War far into the Spanish Territories The War proceeds coldly on both sides concluding it his securest course to fill his exchequer fortify his Towns and build Ships whilst the Spaniards wasted themselves with their Wars in Italy and Flanders were diverted from putting Portugal into any danger This was the reason that he kept no more Forces afoot in Alentejo then served to secure the Frontiers and consequently the actions there were of small moment and few of them worth relating The most considerable was a party of 950 Horse and 100 Musketiers Commanded by Andrew de Albuquerque Generall of the Horse which defeated 1300 Spaniards killing 200 of them among whom was their Lieutenant Generall of Horse the Count de Amarante and taking above 400 Prisoners Neither did this Year produce any Exploits of note in the other Provinces which continued in full Peace bating some small Alarms given on bothsides which only served to keep the Garrisons upon their Guard without any damage done on either side 2. In the midst of all his fortunate Successes the King received one Fatal blow which outbalanced many of his former prosperities This was the death of his Eldest Son Prince Theodosius Prince Theodosi-the
persecutes the Catholicks but dies one himself p. 97 P. Lewis dyes p. 338 Lisbon besieged by Sea and Land p. 258 The Siege raised p. 260 Mutinies at the instigation of the Nobility p. 554 Plundered by the Spaniards p. 360 Most of it burnt p. 243 Lisias made King p. 12 Lominij three Sons of Gerion p. 8 Lusitania governed by Lieutenants p. 99 Lusitanians revolt and are reduced p. 44 Lusus ascends the Throne p. 10 M. MAgellan discovers the streights of his Name p. 325 Manner of lamenting the death of a King p. 174 Many places in Portug taken and destroyed by the Moors p. 133 Recovered p. 137 Marcus Aurelius Emperour p. 79 Margaret of Savoy Dutchess of Mantua governs Portugal p. 382 Mary Francis Elizabeth Wife to King Alonso the VI. assists the Infante p. 554 Motives of her aversion to the King p. 549 Her undecent Behaviour towards the King p. 557 Knowing the King would be deposed she flies to a Monastery p. 560 She presses to have Peter declared King p. 563 Her Marriage with the King declared null p. 564 Her Death p. 571 A match concluded betwixt the Infante and D. of Savoy p. 568 It is broke off p. 569 Mauregatus the Bastard usurps the Crown p. 116 Mauritanians ravage Spain p. 79 Maximin Emperour p. 79 Means proposed to reconcile different pretensions p. 351 Meeting at Lisbon about K. Ferdinands Marriage p. 241 Men famous for Learning p. 93 Mezerbal subdues Portugal p. 17 Michael Prince sworn Heir of Castile Aragon Portugal p. 315 He dyes p. 316 Military Action in the Province of Tralosmontes p. 413 Monks of Claraval come into Portugal p. 159 Monte Mayor taken and demolished p. 145 Moors to the Number of 200000 Foot and 40000 Horse landed in Spain p. 111 They over-run all Spain p. 112 Ravage the Country p. 177 Vanquished at Elvas p. 183 Moriscoes banished Spain p. 372 Morocco King slain p. 347 Moron surrendred p. 494 Mountainous People descend into the Plain p. 1â— Murderers fly to Castile p. 229 They are racked p. 231 Mutiny at Lisbon for the loss of Evora p. 512 On account of a supposed Miracle p. 320 N. Nabuchodonosar in Spain p. 15 Negotiation abroad p. 488 At several Courts p. 441 In Forreign Courts p. 464 In France and Rome p. 446 Nerva Emperor p. 77 New Coin p. 336 New Governors placed in the Frontiers p. 401 New Queen gains Friends by her Generosity p. 242 Noah's Flood p. 1 His Off-spring why dispersed p. 2. Normans invade Galicia and are cut in pieces p 132 Notable Example of Loyalty p. 193 Number of Infidels and greatness of Booty p. 227 O. OBservations on the Rise and Fall of Portugal p. 354 Odemira Count Governour to the young K. Alonso the VI. His manner of proceeding p. 530 Of 18000 Men only 50 escaped p. 348 Oliva taken by the Portuguese p. 478 Only the Duke of Braganza could give the Spaniards jealousie p. 382 Ordono the 1st King of Castile rebuilds many Towns He is overthrown by the Moors p. 121 Ordono the II. K. of Castile succeeds Garcia He twice overthrows the Moors p. 124 Being vanquished by the Infidels recovers and spoils the Country p. 125 Ordono the III. King of Castile disturbed by Rebels subdues them p. 130 He takes Lisbon p. 130 Ordono sirnamed the Wicked advanced to the Crown p. 131 Orus Libicus or Hercules comes into Spain kills the Lominij and makes his Son Hispalus King p. 8 Osiris comes into Spain kills Gerion and gives the Crown to his three Sons p. 6 He returns into Egypt p 7 Ossuna Duke builds a Fort not far from Almeida p. 515 Attacks Castel-Rodrigo and is repulsed p. 519 Is overthrown by Peter Jaques de Magalhaens p. 520 Other Conspirators punished p. 302 Other military Actions p. 412 Other War like exploits p. 407 Otho Emperour p. 76 Overtures of Peace rejected p. 259 Out-laws surprize Evora p. 167 P. PArticular Affairs of Portugal p. 115 Peace after the Birth of Christ p. 73 Concluded betwixt the Kings of Castile and Portugal p. 212 230 243. Confirmed with mutual Alliances p. 213 Concluded at the instance of the Pope p. 240. Concluded betwixt the two Crowns p. 297. Betwixt France and Spain p. 500. With Spain 564 Concluded without the knowledge of the English p. 249 Concluded p. 266 Not observed p. 269 At length established p. 270 Ratified p. 271 Pelayo or Pelagius the first that opposed the Moors p 113 People of Braga subdue Porto p. 68 Averse to the Queen p. 281 Of Evora mutiny p. 283 Perpenna chosen General of the Lusitanians p. 54 Vanquished by Pompey and put to Death p. 55 Persecution under Galienus p. 79 Peter the Ist King of Portugal his Birth p. 230 Begins his revenge whilst Prince p. 229 He punishes the Murderers of the Lady Agnes de Castro p. 230. His Death Justice and Magnanimity p. 234. Laws Established by him His Person and Interment p. 235. His Issue p. 236 Peter King of Castile flying from his Rebellious Subjects refused protection in Portugal p. 233 Peter the II. now King of Portugal whilst Infante and Brother to K Alonso counterfeits a Religions Life to gain followers 545 Grows discontented and the King his Brother jealous Is enraged against Count Castelmelhor p. 547. Strange shew of Affection betwixt him and the Q. 548 His and the Q. party increases He openly espouses her quarrel p. 550 Resolves to proceed p. 556 Heads the Rabble p. 557 Heads the Multitude again Sets upon the K. and extorts from him an instrument of Resignation 562 Is received as Regent p. 563 Marries the Queen p. 565 Upon the Death of his Brother succeeds in the Throne d. 571 Marries the Princess of Newburg p. 572 Peter Bastard Brother to K. Alonso the first of Portug p. 170 Peter the Infante made Regent by a Cooper and a Taylor heads the Rabble p. 282 Takes up Arms and is declared Rebel 284 Comes to a Battle with the King And is killed p. 285 Philip Prince of Spain marries Mary Princess of Portugal p. 334 Philip the II. of Spain and first of Portugal armes to secure the Crown of Portugal whilst they prepare to oppose him p. 35â— His Birth 364 He enters Portugal Grants an Amnesty Holds a Parliament 365 Grants Priviledges to Portagal His publick entry into Lisbon p. 366 Holds another Parliament Returns to Castile p. 367 He dyes p 370 His Description Wife and Issue p. 371 Philip the III. of Spain and II. of Portugal his â—irth He comes into Portugal His Reception p. 372 He holds a Parliament His stay and return to Madrid p. 374 His death Wife and Issue p. 374 Philip the IV. of Spain and III. of Portugal his Birth p. 375 His accession to the Crown p. 376 Rewards the Portuguese p. 380 His Death p. 527 Pinto the D. Agent conspires with some of the Nobility p. 380 Piso kills 5000 Lusitanians p. 56 Plague p 228 At Lisbon p 277 301. 353 In Portugal
29 They try the Governor of Tangier without success p. 417 They carry off a great Booty p. 479 They besiegâ—â— Olivenza without success p. 445 Overthrown p. 11â— Spanish Army advances to relieve Badajoz p. 497 Spanish and Portuguese Fleets arrive at Brazil p. 379 Spanish Forces defeated p. 424 Spanish Army on the Frontiers of Portugal p. 427 Storms p. 239 Strange Action of a jealous Woman p. 197 Strange tryal of â—n innocent Bishop p. 135 Stratagem of the Christians against the Moors p. 141 Success of the Portuguese against the Dutch in Brazil p. 447 Suevians Vandals Alans Burgundians and Selingi p. 82 Suevians incorporate with the ancient Lusitanians p. 86 Suevians Alans and Selingi joyn in League against the Romans p. 87 Suppression of the Knights Templers p. 214 Synod at Toledo p. 98 T. TAgus V. King of Spain p. 5 Taking of Santarem p. 164 Talent used in Portugal p. 178 Tangier and India p. 456 461 465 Tantalus commands the Lusitanians p. 41 Tercera Islands for Antony the Bastard p. 361 They are reduced p. 362 Theodoricus having Conquered Spain puts it under Governors p. 90 Theodosius Prince of Portugal made Captain-General of all the Forces in the Kingdom p. 466 He dies p. 475 Three Brothers fall at variance p. â—45 Three Spanish Galeons secured in the River of Lisbon p. 39â— Tiberius succeeds Augustus in the Empire p. 74 Titus and Domitian p. 76 Total Eclipse p. 177 Trajan Emperor p. 77 He reduces the Lusitanians revolting p. 78 Truce for a year p. 225 Truce not duly observed p. 267 Tryal of Ordeal in use p. 119 Tubal Lands in Portugal p. 3â— He is first King of Spaâ—â— p. 〈◊〉 Tâ—lga succeeds p. 〈◊〉 Tumults against the Queen p. 〈◊〉 Two great losses to Portugal p. 380 Two Kings set up in Lusitania p. 90 Two Kings meet in friendly manner p. 244 Two Synods held by Recesuindus p. 101 V. VAlencia de Alcantara taken by the Portuguese Gener. p. 518 Vasco de Gama sent to discover India p. 314 Very small matter of martial exploits in the year 1655. p. 483 Vespasian Emperor p. 76 Vice Queen and others seized p. 396 Villaflor Count and Portuguese General marches to relieve Evora p. 511 Recovers Evora p. 155 Viriatus his Original p. 33 He is worsted by Metellus p. 34 Routs Vetilius defeats Plancius and overthrows Cl. Vnimaâ—us p. 35 Worsts Nigidius p. 36 Is obliged to retire by Fabius Emilianus p. 37 Rotus â—opilius and is himself put to flight by Pompey p. 38 He again defeats the Romans makes Peace with them The Peace broken p. 39 He is killed by Treachery His Funeral Pomp. p. 40 Viscount de Villa Pouca burns two Towns in Galicia p. 463 Visâ—o Duke conspires against the King's Life Is stabbed by the King himself p. 302 Vitellius Emperor p. 67 Vlysses in Portugal p. 13. W. WAmba his strange advancement to the Crown His Wars in France and Spain p. 102 Rebels in France subdued by him p. 103 War betwixt the people of Braga and Porto p. 76 Betwixt Castile and Portugal p. 210 224 In the Provinces betwixt Duero and Minho and Tarlos Montes p. 428 In Brazil p. 436. Betwixt the Romans and Suevians p. 87 Prosecuted in Brasil p. 461 Betwixt the Christian Kings of Spain p. 140 In India with the Dutch p. 477 In India unsuccessful to Portugal p. 482 Proceeds coldly on both sides p. 474 Renewed with Castile p. 296 Wetericus Usurps p. 99 Witisa Son to Egica Reigns in Portugal After his Fathers Death he is Monarch of all Spain His cruelties p. 107 Wonderful Dearth p. 14 Y. YOrk Duke arrives at Lisbon with 3000 Men. His Son contracted to the Princess Beatrix p. 247 The End of the Table
Remarkable for the Death 1539. first Death of Prince Philip and of the Empress of Prince Philip who was scarce Six Years of Age who departed this Life at Lisbon and then of the Empress Elizabeth who ended her days at Toledo Nor was the following Year less fatal 1540. since in it were snatch'd away And of others first Antony the King's Son being but Eleven Months old then the Cardinal Alonso and lastly Prince Edward both Brothers to the King D. Michael de Silva 1541. Bishop of Portalegre and Clerk of the Closet at this time fled privately to Rome where he had before negotiated for a Cardinal's Cap which was given him immediately upon his arrival at that Court 1542. The King was so highly offended at this Contempt that he disclaimed him as a Subject and deprived him of all the Benefices and Honours he enjoyed in the Kingdom All Persons that should presume to hold Correspondence with him were subjected to the same Penalties yet the Cardinal's Brother D. George transgressed against this Decree and was therefore committed Prisoner to the Fort of Belem to answer that Misdemeanor The Princess Mary the King's Daughter at the time of her departure to Castile to Marry Prince Philip begged and obtained of her Father that the said D. George might be pardoned only upon the Penalty of going to serve at Arzila 1543. where he behaved himself in such a manner as gained him great Reputation 7. The Match betwixt Prince Philip of Spain and the Princess Mary of Portugal was concluded by the Spanish Embassador Prince Philip of Spain Marries Mary Princess of Portugal Lewis Sarmiento de Mendoza who stood Proxy for the Prince at the Ceremony of Contracting the Princess to him which was performed by Prince Henry About the middle of October the Princess set forward towards Castile with a most Splendid and Honourable Retinue consisting of 5000 Horse and 2700 Sumpture Mules Francis King of France hearing of this Match whereof the King had given him no Account was highly offended and expressed his Resentment to D. Francis de Noronha the Portuguese Embassador at his Court That Gentleman tho' unacquainted with the Affair so mitigated that King and soothed him with such convincing Reasons that he appeared wholly satisfied and by his Prudence a Breach that might have happened between the two Crowns so strictly allied for many Years was prevented In August Edward the King's Bastard-Son came to Lisbon and was received with general Applause by the King Queen and all the Court He was Born in the Year 1525. and brought up in the Royal Monastery of S. Hierome da Costa He was a promising Youth but cut off in his Prime for he lived not much above two Months after his coming to Court and died in the 22d Year of his Age. CHAP. XII The remaining Part of the Life and Reign of John the Third of the Name and Fifteenth King of Portugal from the Year 1544 till 1557. 1. THE Years 1544 and 1545 passed without any thing Remarkable 1546. or at least Historians do not give us Account of any Passages in them King John receives the Golden Fleece Nor is there any thing of more note in the Year 1546 besides that King John received the Order of the Golden Fleece sent him by the Emperor Charles the Fifth In March following the King being at Almeyrin King Henry of France sent Monsieur de Biron to him desiring he would stand Godfather to a Son he had newly born which the King granted and D. Constantine of Bragança Brother to that Duke went to represent his Person It was found necessary for the security of the Conquests in Africk to erect a Fort over the Bay of Alcaçar The King ordered his Embassadors residing at Brussels with the Emperor and with Prince Maximilian then Governing Spain to encline them both to send some Auxiliary Galleys for carrying on that Work the particulars of it may be seen in the Portuguese Africk 1548. Prince John was now Twelve Years of Age and still continued under the Government of Women when the King began to think of settling his Family which was accordingly done in February following 1549. Antony de Pesquera had some Years since set out a Ship at S. Lucar and traded in the Portuguese Conquests of Guinea and Brasil and was now returning to those Parts King John sent out Vasco Lorenço with Orders not to take him unless in the Conquests but he over-hastily seized him in the Canary Islands whereof Prince Maximilian who then governed Spain complaining he was released and Vasco Lorenço for a time confined to the Castle of Ovidos but soon discharged George Bastard-Son to King John the Second who had absented himself from Court all the time of his Youth came now to it at 70 Years of Age and fell in Love with one of the Queen's Ladies not above 16. They were privately contracted yet never married the King obstructing it and so the Young Lady was left under some Scandal 2. The King considering long Peace had disarmed the Kingdom Ordinances 〈◊〉 by the King ordered all People should furnish themselves with Arms. Such as had 2500 Royals per Annum were obliged to keep compleat Armour a Sword and Spear every Man that had double this Yearly Income to keep a Musqueteer and so forward for every time that Revenue was doubled Because Horses were scarce he forbid Mares engendring with Asses for Mules The Wolves being numerous and destroying much Cattle general Huntings were appointed upon certain days and Rewards assigned to such as brought in the Skin of a Wolf The King weary of multiplicity of Business remitted a great part of his Care to the Council and from this time the Kingdom began to decline Pope Paul III. dying about the end of this Year Dr. Baltasar Faria the Portuguese Embassador at Rome used all his Interest for Prince Henry of Portugal but on the 17th of February 1550. Cardinal John Maria was declared Pope by the Name of Julius the Third and King John sent D. Alonso de Lancastre to Complement him upon his Promotion to S. Peter's Chair Most of the Copper Coin of the Kingdom having been carryed out because the Metal was worth more than it was coined for the King new coined other Pieces New Coin which being much under the value the Kingdom was soon filled with it counterfeit from other Parts Tho' Prince John had his Family settled before yet he kept not House apart from his Father till this Year 1551. 1551. Certain French and Turkish Pirates infesting the Coasts of Spain and Portugal the King prevailed with the Emperor to fit out some Ships to scour those Seas 1552. he did the same himself and they were appointed their several Stations with Orders upon occasion to joyn and assist one another 3. A Match being concluded for Prince John with the Princess Joanna 1553. Daughter to Charles the