Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	continue_v	young_a	youth_n	25	3	7.2315	4	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05583	Sixe bookes of politickes or ciuil doctrine, written in Latine by Iustus Lipsius: which doe especially concerne principalitie. ; Done into English by William Iones Gentleman..; Politicorum sive civilis doctrinæ libri sex. English	Lipsius, Justus, 1547-1606.; Jones, William, Sir, 1566-1640.	1594 (1594)	STC 15701; ESTC S108579	210,644	222

second is that thou continue often to renue thy election For whether it be by death by running away or by leaue thy number will be diminished and except euery yeare yea euery month order be giuen that a fresh supplie of youth may succeed and furnish the place of those that are absent how great soeuer thy armie be it will come to nothing CHAP. XIII A dicourse of true and seuere discipline The same greatly commended He maketh foure parts therof in respect of instruction The seuerall exposition of them BVt now I come to Militarie discipline the cheefe glorie and establishment of an Empire which is a most sure bond * Out of vvhose bosome so many triumphs haue issued Of the which an Emperor said most truly vnto his soldiers the discipline of our ancesters doth conserue the common wealth which if it decay we shall lose both the name and the Romane Empire For what is election without discipline It dooth at the least wise sind out such as may become good souldiers but discipline frameth thē to be such doth stil preserue thē in that state of goodnes Nature bringeth forth some few valiant men but good order thorow indusstrie maketh many more But at this day I will not say that it languisheth amongst vs but it is euen dead neither is it only corrupt but none at all So that if we will any whit establish it againe or bring it into fauour the ancient custome is to be drawne from histories and good authors and especially from the Romanes For what Nation hath in better sort and more firmly reuerenced it Yea the discipline of warre was of more antiquitie amongst the Romanes and more deere vnto them then the loue of their children By which they receiued great profit for if we looke into it we shal find that that alone being seriously entertained by them got the Romane empire the dominiō ouer the whole world For which cause ô worthie Prince thou oughtest bend thy selfe with all thy indeuour to reuoke this discipline vsed in ancient time of warre to thy Empire I according to my power aiding thee and marching before thee Now I call Discipline a seuere conforming of the soldier to value and vertue The parts or offices thereof being diuerslie dispersed I will reduce into a certaine forme of doctrine and do make them foure in number 1. Exercise 2. Order 3. Constraint 4. Examples The two formost do especially belong to Value the third to Vertue the fourth vnto them both By Exercise I vnderstand that thou dayly do accustome the choise soldier to the handling of his weapon and to labour The very name it selfe doth moue this for Exercise is sayd to be that which by vse maketh men the better The matter it selfe and reason doth persuade it For seeing that to bring al arts to perfection we had need of some vse and exercise why should we neglect it in this militarie science without the which other arts cannot consist Cassius was woont to say It is a miserable thing to see wrestlers hunters and fencers exercise themselues not soldiers whose trauaile would be the lesse if they were accustomed vnto it Yea their labour would prosper the better For in all conflicts the multitude and vnskilfull value of men doth not so much giue victorie as art and exercise doth assure it Wherefore thou oughtest to haue care that thy souldiers whether they be ordinarie or souldiers of aid be dayly exercised But in what manner First the young souldier ought by daily vse to be trained vp in the exercise of his weapon and that according to the ancient examples by ancient and experienced captains that they may with an able strength cast their darts aright that they may know how to handle their shield and to auoid and defend the enemies blowes that with a souldierlike pace they may learne to march speedily and in ranke In such sort that they forsake not their places nor disturbe those of other ranks To be short that they may before hand in their musters bee acquainted with all things which may happen either in a maine battell or in skirmishes Wherein it were auaileable sometimes the one did assaile the other in manner as if two armies gaue the onset the one to the other Likewise there ought some prize reward be giuen to the troups of horsemen which do best manage their horse and to the companies of foot which show themselues most skilfull in the handling of their weapon Let this bee the exercise of Armes But I adde that they should be trained vp likewise in trauaile that the young souldier may be brought vp to daylie labour to runne to carrie burthens and to endure the heat of the sunne and the dust These things do harden the souldier and an armie doth profit by labour by slouth it decaieth The vse of these things hapneth often vnto them when as necessitie compelleth them in some hard voiage to carrie both their own victuals and their armour Neither is this onely sufficient but the young souldier ought likewise to learne to fortifie a campe and to that end to be able to raise a trench and to haue skill to place his Pallissadees Why should he refuse this there is nothing so necessarie and profitable in warre whether it be in thine owne defence or to oppresse and circumuent the enemie Surely Domitius did say that the enemie vvas to be vanquished with the basket and the Pichaxe that is with labour and trauaile But some men will say these are new things Nay they are things that haue bene practised long since and not onely vsed by the Romaines of whom you shall heare what Cic●ro saith what and how great is the labour in an armie to carry victuales for a fortnight to carry that which is needfull for other vses to be burdened with those things that serue for the necessitie of t●enches and ramparts As for the shield the heed peece and the sword our soldiers accompt them no otherwise troublesome then their shoulders their armes or their handes But also by the auncient Germaines amongst whom a certaine people called Catti did charge their soldiers ouer and aboue their armour with iron tooles and with their necessarie baggage Likewise by other nations And this is the true this is the worthy warre ours is not of this sort when thou shalt finde in their march more stragglers and lewd women then soldiers Good Lord with what ado we seeke out pioners and such other labourers and with what experience do we traine them along with vs In the end we will learne to be wise and will go to warre in such manner as Pertinax did Neither will these things if they

estimat of their substance be made Herein there is a difference of opinion and in some cities it was done yearely and in other greater cities from three to three yeares and from fiue to fiue yeares For my selfe I beleeue it were more certaine and better that it were euerie yeare by reason of the departure of some citizens and repaire of others the alteration by death the encrease or deminishing of their reuenues Well from this Censuring not turning much out of the way I passe to the office of a Censor which is the third matter that breedeth hatred Of the imitating whereof I should to small purpose discourse if I did not first speake of the way how to practise it For being most profitable in the vse of our life and manners the miserablenesse of our age is such that we see it so defaced thorow forgetfulnesse that it doth not onely remayne destitute of honour but is likewise altogether vnknowne Wherefore first wee must make it manifest by the definition thereof and I tearme this office of a Censor to be A punishment concerning manners or those excesses which are not forbidden by lawes For the proper dutie thereof is to correct those things which deserue not to be puninished yet being neglected or continued they minister occasion of many great mischiefs Yea being tollerated they do by little and little wholy subuert an estate For vvhat auayleth it to play the men abroad if we liue like beasts at home Truly if both dutie and shame did not restraine euery particular person we should be nothing more assured to haue heaped vp riches euen to the skies This then is to be appointed as the Mistresse of shame and modestie and choice is to be made of some one or other as the corrector of manners and master of the ancient discipline that they may stand in feare of somwhat else besides the lawes and that all men may know that if there be any default in their manners they shall not want an officer to correct them For I do distinctly subiect these two manners and excesse vnder this office of a Censor By maners I vnderstand wantonnesse lust drunkennesse quarrels periuries and all such other things which Honestie Modestie do condemne Wherfore our Censor shal chastise euery age and sex he shall cut off from youth ill practises and vnlawfull desires From old men those pleasures which their age cannot entertaine without discredit From the people in generall Idlenesse that they may applie themselues about their businesse and by that means be withheld from hurting the common wealth To conclude he shall do his best that all may endeuour goodnesse and paines taking not sumptuousnesse nor riches For in like maner these things are to be restrained that is Excesse the which otherwise would grow infinit in euerie thing where monie might be prodigallie consumed I limit Excesse in these foure things Monie Buildings Banquets and Apparell but especiallie in monie which is the nourice or rather the mother of Excesse and of many other mischiefs Effeminat riches haue poisoned al ages with dishonest superfluitie Wherefore our Censor aboue all things shall take away the vse and estimation of riches a most dangerous plague O Prince wherefore doest thou linger herein It concerneth thee greatly that there be not any who doth ouermuch exceed either in wealth or friends The force of gold and riches are hurtfull to the Prince yea to the state it selfe Heare the voice of the Oracle That familie that citie that state may easily conserue it selfe where couetousnesse lust haue least force and credit * I haue often heard that many kings and citties haue lost their authoritie thorow their abundance who being poore had their beginnings from vertue But it much more regardeth the good of the subiects for where couetousnesse is become mistresse neither discipline nor good arts haue their full force faith honestie shame chastitie and all other good things are little set by Likewise he that so much imbraceth riches cannot be cherished of vertue nor beloued of God * Neither is there any mortall man who can lift vp his mind or enter into consideration of heauenly things if he ceaseth not to flatter his body and to take too great delight in his wealth Wherefore our Censor shall do very well to take away this ineuitable desire to gather riches together or at the least he shall diminish it as much as possibly he may and tie vp Couetousnes this fierce cruel insupportable beast this inueterat euill in cities this disease of vsurie least it be mooued as it pleaseth the welthier sort to the end that houshold matters may be prouided for by those means which are far from dishonestie Finally he shall forbid wastfulnesse and he shall limit expences Concerning houses he shall take order that they be not ouerproudly built nor ouer-curiouslie decked and beautified with pictures tapistrie and other exquisit works Poore fooles who desire rather to set forth any thing to sight then thēselues and therein he shall procure that there be a moderation in siluer vessell in moueables and in all matters of houshold Touching banquets he shall condemne these ouer-daintie appetites and reform these gluttons who do make search both by sea and land only to please their tast And to knit all in one word he shall prouide that the expence of the table be not excessiue In matter of apparell that men and women the nobilitie and the commonaltie be not apparelled alike and that they who excell by reason of their degree and dignitie may vse a certaine kind of attire by themselues Doest thou make small account hereof Thou deceauest thy selfe Superfluitie in banquets and apparell are tokens of a diseased citie or which is rather in danger of death For these things do stirre vp youth after they haue spent their owne substance to do wicked acts Their goods are wasted their fayth perished yet notwithstanding the same desires remaine with them as when they had abundance What other thing are they like to do then to disorder those things that are in order and by vice to seeke to purchase new means Know this for sure that in a common wealth it will breed a seminarie of the race of Catiline The eye of wisedome knew this well who sayd alteration is made in an estate when men consume all in liuing prodigallie for these fellowes bend their studies to innouat matters and either they themselues are very neere tyrannie or else they call others thereto These are the things which we would haue brought to passe of our Censor but with what weapon with a two edged sword of

and rockie places Those that are borne in Citties and where the ayre is milde are more faint and slouthfull wherefore I vtterly refuse them in eyther sort of warre For that multitude bred vp in Citties accustomed to wantonnesse are impatient of labour beeing geuen to traffique which maketh them effeminate and it is alwayes seene that by how much men are more rich and geuen to liue at their pleasure by so much are they vnfit for warre * Wherefore according to our iudgement the strength of thy army seemeth best to be supplied out of the fieldes I allowe of that oracle of Cato both strong men and most valiant souldiers are borne amongst husbandmen And by experience wee proue it true that the countrie fellowe who is bred in the open ayre and brought vp in trauaile is most fit for warre Who is accustomed as well to endure the heate of the Sommer as the colde of the winter to sleepe on the ground and together to endure both want and labour * Marchants do seldome traffique with them and bring vnto them such things as do make the minde of men effeminate * To such trauaile and paine is not vnaccustomed no place will seeme difficult and wearisome to them the armed enemy will not daunt them * For I knowe not how but they do after a sort least feare death who were least acquainted with the pleasures of this life Wherefore of these thou shalt make thine election but especially of such as dwell in woods and forrests who are most accustomed to hardnesse and pacience Or else they that dwell furthest North and towards the sea who are with more courage stirred vp by reason of the climate and the very hardnesse of the soile The second marke I obserued is his age wherein if the ancient custome be kept no man is ignorant but choise should bee made when he is entring into his full growth which reason it selfe doth teach For those things which are learned of young men are not only conceaued sooner but digested better Wherefore according vnto the rule of the Romanes I would persuade this election to be made at seuenteene yeares of age or somewhat vpwards For if thou intermingle these men which are elder and more strucken in years with them thou doest likewise make a medlie of inueterat vices such as are the proper euils of this our age want of skill and stubbornnesse and contempt in obeying Surely I am of this opinion in this election that we ought not so much to make choise of old men as of those who in time may prooue good old soldiers For it is not the continuance of age or the number of years which doth teach vs the art of warre but a continuall meditation of the exercise thereof * And it is easier to instruct new soldiers in vertue then to draw them backe thereto who are past it The third marke is the stature of his body which I know some are delighted to haue very great and exceeding the ordinarie sort of men in height as C. Marius who refused those young soldiers who were not six feet or at the least fiue feet and a halfe in height And as it is sayd king Pirrhus gaue charge to his Muster-master Make thou choise quoth he of those that are of a large stature and I will make them valiant Neither do I vnconsideratly step aside and decline from these great men yet in my opinion there ought not so much regard be had to their stature as to their strength And it is more auaileable to haue valiant soldiers then of so large and great bodie The middle size in a soldier pleaseth me well yet in such sort that in the choise of them consideration bee had of their countenaunce their eies and of all the conformitie of their members For in whomsoeuer there is hardnesse of bodie a well knitting together of the mēbers a threatning countenance in him there is greater courage of mind I say a well knitting together of the bodie for I do not well allow them that are foggie who haue their bodies filled vp with superfluous flesh For it is nimblenesse which ioined with exercise maketh the soldier a stout warrier which those mightie bodies that are puffed vp surely cannot attaine vnto The fourth marke is his mind For this is it as Vigetius sayth wherein the safegard of all the common wealth consisteth that choise be made of young souldiers not so much in regard of their bodie as that they be of an excellent spirit * The mind being quicke and readie subtill and aduised maketh men vnable to be conquered Make thou then choise of them that are bold and full of courage that repose a souldier like confidence in themselues * To whom sweat of body the dust of the aire and such things may seeme more pleasaunt then feasts or banquets * Who do in no sort apprehend the greatest feare the dread of death which maketh them willing to runne vpon the edge of the sword and readie to receaue their end To be short who feare nothing but the blot of dishonour which aboue all things I would haue them dread The Greeke writer sayd truly They which do most of all feare the lawes are most bold vpon the enemie and they vvhich do most stand in aw of their reputation vvill least feare to endure any thing For honestie maketh a souldier well framed and shame while it keepeth him from flying giueth him the victorie The last marke is his life that is with that kind of gaine science or craft he maintaineth himselfe with For this doth not a little either soften or harden them breed slouthfulnes or fiercenesse in them Therefore I hold this that all fishers fowlers cookes weauers and all those which do meddle with any thing belonging to women are to be expelled from a camp Moreouer the common sort of trades-men which do get their liuing as they fit are vnfit for war Nay in times past the seruants which were dismissed from their masters or condemned by iudgement or of a disfamed stocke or life were not admitted to serue in warre but now it is otherwise when such whome no ma●ster will entertaine are chosen to beare armes which is the reason that your armies now adaies are so distayned with vice that whatsoeuer may corrupt any thing and be corrupted is seene in them This is all I had to intreat concerning election except it be that I do likewise warne thee of two things The first that thou deeme it not an office of small moment or slightly to be giuen in charge to euery one But that with great circumspection thou take care amongst the worthier sort to chuse the most able young men The