our Friends too in their Opinion of things when we imagine that had we liv'd longer we could have been very useful to the World and done a great deal of good in it God is the best Judge of this and he is the Wise Disposer of our Lives 'T is sufficient for us that we have done what good we could while we did live We may be troubled for our Family and Relations for our little Children and some special Friends who enjoy'd a visible Advantage by our continuance amongst them We may be concern'd to consider how hard it is like to be with our Oss-spring and how many shocks they may indure after our departure But do we remember that we leave them to the Care of that Waking and Merciful Providence of which we our selves have had so large an Experience all our Days We may be wretchedly out and often are so in our foreboding of Events Their being depriv'd of our Help and Assistance and Provision renders them the more immediate Objects of Divine Providence and it has been often seen that Children whom their Parents fear'd they had left in had Circumstances have in a wonderful manner been better provided for when their Parents have been taken away from them than probably they would have been had they continued with them that Reflection which the Holy Psalmist makes upon his own Life being frequently verified in the Posterity of good Men Psalm 27.10 When my father and mother forsake me the Lord taketh me up Again we may think that hitherto we have made but low attainments in Vertue and Goodness but could we have liv'd a little longer we should have been mighty Proficients in Christ's School we could have got a much greater Conquest over the World and our selves we could have enobled our Minds with more fixt and lasting Habits of Vertue and if God would be pleas'd to continue our Lives we should be much fitter for Heaven some few Years hence than we are at present But in this also we may be as much mistaken as in our other Thoughts Have we consider'd that our Vertue in this World will always be very imperfect Have we weighed what our Danger is as long as we live here Do we know if we live longer what future Temptations we may meet with or can we tell what Influence they may have upon us or be sure that they shall not prevail over us And what do we think of that Declaration of the Prophet which holds good under the Gospel-Covenant Ezek. 18.24 When the righteous man forsakes his righteousness and committeth iniquity and doth as the wicked doth his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned In his trespass that he hath trespassed and in his sin that he sinneth in that shall he die It sufficeth that at present we walk sincerely and with Integrity in the way of God's Commandments and that we heartily and universally comply with our Duty though in much weakness and encompast with many infirmities The rest is to be left intirely to the Wisdom of God And when he calls us out of the World we may hope and in as much as all things are order'd by Infinite Wisdom and God's Goodness is over all his Works have reason to believe that this is the most fitting time for us to die in and best also for those who belong to us and for the World in general Having fixt these Bounds to it I now proceed to the Argument it self viz. That it is very becoming a wise Man and especially a Pious Christian to be very indifferent to Life and to know when he has had enough of it yea to be weary of the World and to be very willing to have his Dismission Many Considerations offer themselves for the evincing the Truth of this Proposition some respect a wise Man barely consider'd as such others concern him as he is a Christian I shall name some few of both sorts Those that respect a wise Man barely consider'd as such are these following I. A just and impartial Reflection upon the state of humane Nature II. A Consideration of the future Contingencies of Life III. A view of Death with respect to the Good and Evil of Life IV. That universal Law That all who are born must die 1. A just and impartial Reflection upon the state of humane Nature That this is very Deplorable has been the loud Complaint of all the Ages of the World which has been made by the wisest Men who have most narrowly consider'd Man's Condition in all his various Circumstances And though there are many Goods in Life which are not morosely and with sullenness to be despis'd yea it is an Instance of great Folly to rank them in the number of indifferent things yet it has been generally agreed that the Evils of Life do much over-balance the Good And though perhaps this is not so in respect of every individual Man for some are in very happy outward Circumstances in respect of others Yet if we consider how it fares with the generality which we must do in duly examining the Case of humane Nature upon this view there is no great doubt to be made but the Observation will be found to be as true as 't is common and 't is a Wise Man's part not barely to consider his own present Circumstances but to enquire how it goes with other Men since humane Nature being common to all whatever any other Man's Condition is he cannot tell how soon his may be the same When thou art lifted up with admiration of thy self for the Pomp wherein thou appearest to the World cast thy Eyes downwards upon those who are cloathed in Rags and want the Necessaries of Life When thou art wandring says the Philosopher at Xerxes crossing the Ocean with his mighty Navy think of those Wretches who are digging through Mount Athos who are forc'd to their Labour with Blows and Blood mingled with their Sweat call to mind that they had their Ears and Noses cut off because the Bridge was broken down by the violence of the Waves and consider what secret Reflections they make upon their sad Circumstances 'T is enough to cause a Wise Man readily to embrace Death Job 3.17 to consider only Job's Description of the Grave There the wicked cease from troubling there the weary are at rest There the prisoners rest together they hear not the voice of the oppressor 2. A Consideration of the future Contingencies of humane Life These are without Number and yet the daily expectation of every Wise Man who has consider'd what is represented by the Emblem of the Wheel constant change and vicissitude in the Life of Man We are suppose very Rich but do we know how long we shall be so and may we not ere we are aware be as Poor Riches make themselves wings Prov. 23.5 they fly away as an Eagle towards Heaven so says the Wisest of Men. We are at present in perfect health brisk and
what we are designed in another World Hence Christ's Kingdom is said not to be of this World hence we are directed to look upon our selves as Pilgrims and Strangers on this Earth John 13.36 Heb. 11.13 1 Pet. 2.11 Heb. 13.14 Phil. 3.20 that we are put in Mind that we have here no continuing City and are exhorted to be in the continual search after one that is to come that we are counselled to Set our Affections on things above and not on things on the earth to have our Conversation in another World That is to behave our selves as those who expect a Portion and an Interest there and if we consider a great number of the Gospel Precepts and weigh those high degrees of Vertue they oblige us to and to deny our selves in a great many Instances which are very hard and difficult and yet not altogether necessary for this World yea sometimes to hate and despise this World and to chuse the greatest Evils of Life together with those Duties of over-looking our own Advantage for the greater Benefit of others of doing Good for Evil of wasting our Spirits and laying out the Strength and Vigour of our Days in doing good to Mankind we cannot but conclude that these Rules have a respect to some future World and that they are designed to raise us up to such a Temper of Mind as may prepare us for something God has intended us for when there shall be an end of this Life of Man upon Earth Neither can we possibly have any doubt of this who believe the Christian Revelation the Promises whereof have so direct a reference to a Future State of things This Faith was the great support to the Primitive Christians under those hard Circumstances they were in Their Thoughts were six'd upon such Promises as these Revel 3.5.21 21.7 22.5 Him that overcometh will I cloath in white rayment and I will not blot out his name out of the Book of Life and I will confess him before my Father and he shall sit down with me in my Throne even as I have overcome and am set down with my Father in his Throne and he shall inherit all things and he shall reign with me for ever and ever Hence it was that they were such great Instances of Vertue such Bright and Shining Lights to the World such Glorious Examples of a mighty Zeal for God of an ardent Piety and Devotion of the most heroick Goodness the most enlarged Charity an exemplary Patience and a very intire Resignation of themselves to the Will of God Hence it was that they so readily parted with their Lives and so willingly chose to die to the amazement of the Heathen World who observed of them that it was the belief of a Life after this that was the Cause of all this Courage and Resolution who therefore would not sometimes suffer them to be buried but burnt their Bodies and dispersed their Ashes foolishly thinking that this would abate their Hope of a Resurrection Now if this be the great thing that the Christian Institution teaches us That this World is not our home but that we live here expectants of one to come What great reason have we to be fond of this Life Or who can blame any Man for desiring and courting Death upon these Principles What is related of Trismegistus when he died whether ever said by him or no does very well become a dying Christian expressing his future Hopes and Expectations I have hitherto lived an Exile from my Country but now I am going safely thither I am returning to that Blessed City whither we cannot pass without taking Death in our way 2. The having the Sting of Death pulled out for us Death must be allowed to be very terrible to a wicked Man for when he dieth His hope perisheth Prov. 11.7 his expectation is utterly cut off There 's an end of all that in which he has placed his Confidence the Man who has Calculated all his Projects and designs meerly for this World must needs be strangely surprized when the Message is brought him that God requires his Soul and that he must give up his Account and his Stewardship for so the Scripture calls this Life is at an end But the loss of his present Enjoyments is not all he goes out of this World in a State of Guilt and is haled to the Divine Tribunal and there Sentenced to a Punishment we know little more of than this That it is certainly a very Terrible one and probably greater than we can at present conceive it to be 'T is far otherwise with the Good Man he parts with nothing that is overvaluable to him having never engaged his Affections to what he always knew was to be left in a few days and he goes out of the World with his Sins Pardoned and delivered from the Threatnings annext to the Law and this is that pulling out the Sting of Death which we owe to the Merits and Satisfaction of our Blessed Saviour in Consideration of which a Christian may look on Death as a hurtless thing whose wounding Power is taken away as St. Paul tells us in that Triumphal Song 1 Cor. 15.55 O Death where is thy Sting O Grave where is thy Victory The Sting of Death is Sin and the Strength of Sin is the Law but thanks be to God who giveth us the Victory through our Lord Jesus Christ 3. The Thoughts of being absolutely and perfectly freed from Sin All the Evils and Miseries of this Life put together are not half so much a Burden to a Pious Christian as the sharp Contest that is kept up within him betwixt the Flesh and the Spirit The struggle betwixt the Principles of Grace and those of a Corrupt Nature and the Advantage which the Devil and Temptations and his own Evil Inclinations not perfectly subdued often get of him through the Remainders of Sin in him These are Matters of his daily Sorrow and Repentance and Humiliation and he often Trembles for those Sins he has fallen into though long since and which yet he hopes he has truly Repented of and to his very last Breath continues to work out his Salvation with fear And though he uses all Diligence Heb 6.11 according to the Apostle's Advice to reach to the full assurance of hope unto the end yet he confiders that this is a Modest and Humble sort of Assurance which the Apostle speaks of and so very well consistent with some Fear Now Death is desirable by a sincere Christian on this Account that it sets him above all his Troubles and his Fears It puts him into a State where the Devil shall have no further Advantage against him where this struggling betwixt Grace and Nature shall perfectly cease where he shall no more dishonour God nor blemish his own Nature nor have so much as the Sins of Infirmity to lament and bewail but shall live in a perfect freedom from those Moral Evils which created so
much uneasiness to him and so often put him in hazard in this Life 4. The Enlargement of our Faculties and Perfection of our Vertue How short Humane Knowledge is they best understand who have spent the longest Time and used the greatest Pains in improving it they who know almost nothing may perhaps esteem themselves very great Clerks If by chance they light upon a thing which every one does not know they presently have a very great Opinion of their own Understanding and like the Son of Syrach's Description of a Fool That he travelleth with a word are very big to let other Men see how very wise they are of a sudden grown whilst those who know the most things knowable in this State have very different Thoughts of themselves and though they avoid such a Scepticism as to doubt of every thing yet are they very sensible how many things there are which they know not and how far they are from perfectly understanding very Common things So also a little Pharisaick Piety makes a very fine shew and a mighty noise and bluster in the World They who are got no further than this empty Form of Godliness are highly opiniated of themselves and apt to despise all others as meer Sons of the Earth not worth regarding Whereas a truly Pious Christian is always a Humble Christian he has a very mean Opinion of himself and is very ready to entertain a good one of other Men he is sensible of the Imperfection of his Vertue and what low Degrees of it he has attained to and his greatest Comfort is grounded upon his Sincerity and that he hopes and trusts that his Heart is right towards God Now who would be fond of this Life which is so dark and so imperfect a State Who would not be willing to die that expects the enlargement of his Knowledge upon his Dissolution extending to a clear view of all the Works of God and looking into the Secrets and unfolding the Mysteries of Providence to the near Contemplation of the Divine Nature seeing God as he is and comprehending his Perfections as much as Angels do and to the Fathoming the Wonders of our Redemption by Christ Jesus things so far out of the reach of our Understandings in this World where also he shall arrive at Degrees of Vertue infinitely above what he is ever capable of coming to here And in one word shall be in all things like unto the Angels of God which are in Heaven and how happy may he conceive himself then to be who considers that he owes the chief pleasure of his present Life to the small Attainments he has been able to make in Wisdom and Goodness 5. The immediate Possession of Happiness at Death Indeed if all Pious Christians some few only excepted were to enter immediately upon Death into a Place of the most exquisite Torment differing very little from Hell saving in the infinite duration of it and there to abide none knows how long even to the Day of the Great Judgment some of them it would be very unreasonable for any Man to desire Death unless it were by Martyrdom by which he might escape this Purgatory Fire and the thought of dying would be the most dreadful one that a Man could have in his whole Life But this is a meer Fiction brought into the Church by Ignorance and Superstition and maintained for Reasons well known and has no Foundation neither in Scripture or Primitive Antiquity defended by some even of the Roman Communion only as some other Doctrines are because Decreed in Councils and so not to be let go for fear of shaking a Pretence that is not to be parted with The Scripture is in this Point very clear and express and assures us that immediately upon Death there is an admission to Bliss To day says our Saviour to the Thief on the Cross shalt thou be with me in paradise Luke 23.43 Phil. 3.23 And St. Paul mentions his being with Christ as an immediate consequence of his Departure These are so plain Proofs that to evade the force of them they must be exempt Cases and the Thief and St. Paul and some few more never went to Purgatory But this shift signifies little for the Scripture speaks of all that die in the Lord that is in the Faith and Obedience of the Gospel as being at rest which is a Jewish Idiom and imports a state of Bliss And St. Paul takes notice that living here keeps us from Christ and therefore assigns this as a Reason why we should be willing and desirous to leave this World that we might go to Christ 2 Cor. 5.6 8. Knowing that whilst we are at home in the body we are absent from the Lord We are therefore confident and willing rather to be absent from the body and to be present with the Lord. 6. The completion of this Happiness in Body and Soul at the General Judgment Though good Men are admitted to immediate Happiness at Death yet not to a full Participation of it or to all that Happiness God has designed them by way of Reward This is reserved for that Great Day so often made mention of in the Holy Books when Christ Matth. 25.31 to whom the Judgment of the World is committed shall come in the Glory of his Father in Triumph and with great Splendor attended with an innumerable Host of Angels Acts 1.11 1 Thess 4.16 to render to every Man according to his Works Then shall those who sleep in the Dust awake and the Dead shall be called out of their Graves by the Voice of the Son of Man and the Sound of the last Trump These Bodies of ours shall then be raised up from Mortality and Corruption to an Immortal and Incorruptible State A wonderful thing to be effected by that Power alone which first made all things out of nothing A Truth knowable only by Revelation and received by Faith and being united to their proper Souls together with them who shall then be found alive and remaining on the Earth we shall be caught up in the Clouds 1 Thess 4.17 to meet the Lord in the Air and so shall we ever be with the Lord. This is that great Day the Apostle speaks of 2 Tim. 4.8 when Crowns shall be put upon the Heads of all the Faithful even all those who love his appearing This is the Day when the whole World shall have its last Period and Consummation when Death it self shall be Eternally destroyed and God's Kingdom shall be set up over all Revel 20.14 and his Saints shall Reign with him for ever and ever And these I take to be good Reasons for every Pious Christian to be indifferent to Life and very willing with submission to God's Wisdom in Disposing of him to have his Dismission Now the Use of this Doctrine is 1. To endeavour to reduce it to Practice I mean to carry our selves with all that indifferency towards this World and Life
lively and full of vigour but may not our Constitution soon be broken and we cast upon a Bed of Sickness grapling with Pains or crying out under extream Torture We enjoy Liberty and have a quiet Possession of the Blessings of Life but is it impossible that ever we should fall under the Yoke of some of the mighty Nimrods of the World the Hunters of Mankind Job 7.15 When as Job expresses it we should choose strangling rather than Life i. e. If we were at our own dispose the worst of Deaths would be far more desirable than such a Life When Xerxes viewing his numerous Army bemoan'd it that within a little more than half an Age there would not be a Man of them left alive one of his Captains reply'd Sir Let not this trouble you for they are like to endure so great fatigue and so many hardships that the greater number will in all probability wish themselves dead a long time before they shall be so happy as to die And thus the Roman Orator comparing the Great Pompey's Sickness at Naples where he had like to have died with his last End concludes That it had been much better for this Great Man to have died when he had the Command of the Arms of Rome and was the darling of the World for this had prevented the Bloody War with Caesar the loss of his Army his flying with Disgrace his being slain by one of his own Servants the presenting his Head to his Father-in-Law his Children turning Fugitive and the Consiscation of his Estate but he had dyed in Honour and never known any of these Evils neither himself nor his Family And upon this account was that wise saying of Solon to Croesus who had cause enough afterward to remember and acknowledge the Truth of it That he must first see him die before he judged of his Happiness it being a Point of the Grecian Wisdom to account no Man happy before his Death 3. A view of Death with respect to the Good and Evil of this Life 'T is true Death deprives us of all those which are properly called the Goods of Life But as these are not over Considerable so it is our present want of them that renders them of any Consideration at all If we did not need them their absence would be no injury to us in this Life the true Notion of Riches being a sufficiency to answer our Conveniencies beyond which all is but meer imagination and attended with the increase of trouble Since therefore Death puts us in Circumstances that we cannot want them and perfectly takes away their use what trouble can it be that it removes us from them To look upon it as a very uncomfortable thing to be cast into Circumstances where we cannot use these Goods is to be so drowned in sensuality that we are thereby become fit for nothing beyond this World and hardly fit for this But then Death takes us also from the Evils of Life which are more in Number than the Goods and much over-balance them in respect at least to the generality of Mankind A bare enumeration of the Evils of Life does sufficiently in Tully's Opinion commend Death which puts an end to them He tells us of one who writing a Book in the praise of Death did therein only describe the Calamities of humane Life On this Account Death has been sometimes interpreted as a Reward for Eminent Piety The very Heathens seemed to have looked upon it under this Notion Thus when those who built the Magnificent Temple of Apollo prayed that what was best for Man might befal them the third day after they were found dead which was reckoned upon as a Reward of their Piety Agreeably to this Isaiah 57.1 the Prophet Isaiah speaking of the Death of Good Josias says He was taken away from the Evil to come 4. The Universal Law upon humane Nature that all who are born must die It has ever been accounted a great part of Wisdom to bring our Minds quietly to comport with what is not in our Power to avoid By this Consideration we bear up under all the disasters of Life this brings us into Temper when we have royl'd our selves never so much upon the death of our nearest Relations or dearest Friends And the same Thought ought in common Discretion to bring us at least patiently to submit to our own Deaths whenever they come This is the great Argument that runs through all the Books of the Moralists A Pilate says Plutarch cannot in a Storm command the Billows or calm the Winds or by Hectoring cause the Storm to cease he at last therefore commits himself to its Fury pulls down all his Sails by the Board and expects the sinking of the Leaky Vessel and thus must we when Life grows painful and uneasie and Death approaches wait our Dissolution according to the Common Law of Nature since that which is unavoidable ought to disturb us as little as is possible This is the Principal Argument of all Seneca's Books of the Brevity of Life and the Tranquillity of the Mind and his Discourses of Providence That it is a very unbecoming thing to struggle with the Laws of Fate and not to be carried willingly whither we must go whether we will or no. But far greater reason have we for this who are taught what a Vertue it is and how capable of Reward chearfully to submit to the Wisdom of God in disposing of our Lives and these are such Arguments as are proper to induce a Wise Man not to be over fond of Life and to know when he has enough of it and at least quietly and calmly to entertain the Message of Death when it is sent to him But then a Pious Christian has Arguments beyond all these to do not only thus much but a great deal more to be perfectly above any fondness for Life and to rejoice at the Thoughts of his Dissolution and with submission to the Will and Providence of God heartily to desire his Dismission and they are these following I. A General Consideration of the Religion we Profess which has chiefly a respect to a future World II. Our Knowledge that the Sting of Death is pulled out III. The Thoughts of being absolutely and perfectly freed from Sin IV. The enlargement of our Faculties and Perfection of our Vertue V. The immediate Possession of Happiness at Death VI. The Completion of this in Body and Soul at the General Judgment 1. A General Consideration of the Religion we Profess which has chiefly a respect to a future World The Christian Religion Promises us very little or nothing that respects meerly this present Life In this it differs from God's Ancient Covenant with the Jews that it secures us of nothing of this World absolutely but requires us to refer all things to God's Wisdom and Providence to appoint them to us as they shall best tend to the making us wise and good and to the sitting of us for