Nauarre at his pleasure were it either right or wrong In the meane time the King D. Fernand Castille to purge and expiat these outrages gaue bountifully to the Cathedral churches colledges parishes and monasteries of his realme and to others without it for they say hee gaue euery yeere to the Abbay of Clugny The almes deeds of the King of Castille a thousand peeces of gold out his treasury and infinite almes deeds to the poore in particular The tribute which hee demaunded of the King of Toledo was denied him a little before his death but hee went in person against him forced him to acknowledge him for his Lord and to doe him homage and in like manner the other Moores who after his example had rebelled and they hold that hee also led his army along the riuer of Ebro by the confines of Cattelogne to Valence where hauing taken great spoiles from the Moores which raigned in those Marches hee returned victorious into his country His residence was for the most part at Leon for certaine reasons And although that homebred examples did warne him to keepe his Estates vnited in one bodie to haue the more power and authority to withstand the attempts of all enemies yet hee was resolued to assigne his children their portions in his life time To D. Sancho hee appointed the realme of Castille vnto the riuer of Pisuerga D. Fernand 〈…〉 towards Leon and towards Nauarre limited by the riuer of Ebro as hee had augmented it on that side with the preiudice of his Nephew D. Sancho Garcia To D. Alphonso his second sonne he assigned the Kingdome of Leon in the Asturies and Tramsiera vnto the riuer Deua which passeth by Ouiedo and moreouer hee gaue him part of Campos and the towne of Astorga and other lands in Galicia with the towne of Zebrero To D. Garcia the youngest the realme of Galicia withall that hee had conquered in Portugall Hee did also indowe his two daughters assigning to D. Vrraca the eldest the city of Zamora and to D. Eluira the yongest the city of Toro but this diuision was not allowed nor kept by his sonne D. Sancho after his death the which many say was in the yeere of our Lord 1059. A remarkable yeere by the credit which was giuen to the Cardinals of Rome An. 1059. by the dilligence of Pope Nicholas the second a Sauoyard borne who hauing called a councell at Saint Iean de Latran in Rome prouided that from thence forth the Pope should not be chosen but by the suffrages of the Cardinalls 〈…〉 grounding this decree vpon the corruptions troubles and seditions which grew ordinarily vpon the election of Popes holding it lesse dangerous to haue these indirect courses practised by few then by the whole Clergy or the people of Rome This Decree is inserted in the three and twenty distinction and begins In nomine domini c. The writers of the Spanish History are not very certaine of the time of D. Fernands death for those which seeme most exact prolong his life vnto the yeere of our Lord 1067. The place where he died is also very doubtfull but all agree that he was interred at Saint Isidore of Leon dying so full of contrition and repentance for his sinnes as they hold his body for a holy relike in the Kings chappel in that church By this computation he should haue raigned two and thirty yeeres in Castille and thirty or thereabouts in Leon. Wee finde no other thing touching the affaires of this King with forraine Princes but only a contention betwixt his Ambassadors and those of the Emperor Henry at the councell of Florence vnder Victor the second the Emperor pretending that the Kings of Spaine should acknowledge his Maiesty and doe him homage as to their souergaine but this question was decided by the councell where it was sayd that seeing the Kings of Spaine had defended and conquered their Realmes by armes without any aide from the Emperors they were free and exempt from al acknowledgment or subiection to the Empire The Kings of Spaine doe not acknowledge the Empire whereof wee may read the glosse vpon the Chap. Adrianus Papa Distinc. 63. the like preuiledge haue the Kings of France the State of Venice the Kings of England and some others D. Raymond Berenger the elder Earle of Barcelone a wise and valiant Knight of whom we haue made mention Cattelogne defended his country by his armes and wisdome and inlarged his limits to the preiudice of the Moores by the fauour of the other Christian Potentates of Spaine which maee warre against them and the diuisions which were among these Arabian Mahumetists At that time was Seneshall in Cattelogne which was a dignity equal to that of the Constable or Mareshals in France one called Raymond Myron In his time D. Guillen the fat was Earle of Besalu sonne to Bernard Brisefer who dying in the yeere 1052. D. Bernard Guillen his second sonne succeeded him at the same time was Earle of Cerdagne D Guillen Raymond son to Cont Raymond Geoffry who held it long and had two sonnes D. Guillen Iordain who was Earle after him and D. Bernard Guillen who was also Earle of Cerdagne and to make cleere the alliances of this house of Cattelogne we finde that D. Almodis wife to Count Raymond Berenger was issued from the house of the Earles of Carcassone beeing strongly allied especially with the Lords of Bearne and Narbone and the Earles of Tolouse Bigorre and other great houses of France From the same house of Carcassone was issued Emengarde married to the Vicont of Besiers both which in the yeere of our Lord 1068. yeelded vnto Raymond Berenger Earle of Barcelone all the interest and right which they might pretend vnto the Earldomes of Carcassone Tolouse Cominges Rodes and Minerue by meanes whereof this house of Barcelone had great Siegneuries and pretensions in France and from that time did enioy the towne of Carcassone◠about which time the towne of Perpignan was built D. Sancho Fernandes the second of that name and the second King of Castille 6. Castille IN the yeere of our redemption 1067. An. 1067. the realmes of Castille Leon and Galicia were diuided betwixt the children of D. Ferdnand deceased and Castille fell to D. Sancho Fernandes surnamed the valiant Leon to Alphonso Fernandes the second whom they called the Braue and Galicia to D. Garcia with that which hee had conquered in Portugal Adding vnto these D. Sancho Garcia who held the Kingdome of Nauarre and D. Sancho Ramires raigning in Arragon wee finde that at one instant there were raigning in Spaine fiue grand-children to D. Sancho the Great King of Nauarre The Kings of Nauarre and Arragon last named made a league against D. Sancho King of Castille but their quarrels and exploits are obscure and vncertaine at the least they did him no great harme Whilest that D. Sancha the mother of D. Fernands three children liued they continued in reasonable
Segobia in the beginning of the yeare 1355. and from thence to Burgos 1355. where hee called a generall assembly of the Estates in the which hee complayned greatly of the Queene his mother and of the Princes and Noblemen confederates saying that they had detayned him prisoner in the city of Toro and had forced him to do many things against his will and dignitie demanding mony from his subiects that hee might make war against them and punish them according to their merits the which he obtained After the end of the Estates he came to Medina del campo where he caused to bee slaine in his owne lodging one day in the holy weeke Murthers commited by Don 〈◊〉 king of Castile Peter Ruis of Villega Gouernor generall of he frontier of Castile and Sancho Ruis of Rojas and caused many to be put in prison Returning to Toro he had an incounter with Don Henries men who went to ioyne with Don Frederic his brother at Talauera from whence they after marched to Toledo and had meanes to enter although their comming was not pleasing to all the Cittizens beeing the meanes to draw a warre uppon them as it happened for that the king followed them soone after and entred as it were by force constrayning them to depart This was a meanes for him to haue the Queene his wife in his power who was poorely defended by the diuided Toledains so as shee was sent to the castle of Siguença The king caused about foure and twenty Burgesses to be executed in the cittie by Iustice who had taken the Queenes part too openly among the which a Gold-smith about 80. years old beeing condemned and ready to be executed Cruel executions the city of Toledo his soone a young man of eighteen yeares of age presented himselfe who mooued with pietie and a filiall loue besought the king to do him the grace not to suffer his father to end the dayes of his old age after that manner offering to suffer death for him The king who had no royall part in him accepted the condition and caused this young innocent man to be executed who in regard of his pietie did merit to saue his fathers life and to liue himselfe with honour and reward due to so great vertue the name of this yong man through the negligence of Writers is supprest Piety of a son ill rewarded by D. Pedro. After these dishonorable exploites the king went to Cuenca which held for Queene Blanche but he could not take it whereupon he marched against Toro and brought all the warre into the territories of Leon and Biscay where his men were twise defeated by D. Tello and Iohn of Abendagno with the death and imprisonment of many The K being before Toro he had newes of the death of Don Iohn Garcia of Padilla brother to Donna Maria his mistris being chosen master of S. Iames against his brother Don Frederic whereat he was much grieued During this heauines there came vnto the campe William Bishop of Bolonia Cardinall of Saint Marie in Cosmedin Legate to Pope Innocent the sixth beeing sent to pacifie the troubles of Castile and to reconcile the King and Queene but he lost his labor and obtayed nothing of him but that hee procured the deliuerance of Peter Barroso a Doctor of the Lawes and bishop of Siguença who was prisoner for that he had held the Queenes party The king wrought so partly by force and partly by parlees and promises he as hee was suffered to enter into Toro vppon condition that hee should not kill any man the which he promised and kept according to his faith for he was no sooner entred but he caused to be slaine within the castell in the presence of the Queene his mother Peter Stephen Carpinter Master of Calatraua Ruis Gonçales of Castagneda Martin Alphonso Tello and Alphonso Telles the which Queene Mary did so abhorre as shee swounded and was in danger of death and soone after not able to endure the sight of her sons cruelties Queen mother vnchast she demanded leaue to retire into Portugall to her father king D. Alphonso who caused her to be slayne soone after for that shee liued vnchast with Don Martin Telles The King Don Pedro did also cause to be slaine in Toro Gomes Manriques of Orihuela Diego Perez of Godoy Alphonso Gomes great Commander of Calatraua and many others The knights which defended the towne of Cuenca hearing of these bloudie executions left Castile and retired into Arragon others which held other places distrusting their strength abandoned them and past into France wherefore the king thinking himselfe now in a manner a conqueror transported with a tyrannous hatred against the Nobility of his Realme yea against his owne bloud he resolued to roote them out one after another not trusting in any one of them Hauing beseeged Palençcuela he watched an oportunity to kill the two Infants of Arragon his cousins Don Frederic his brother who was partly reconciled and Don Iohn de la Cerde but by reason of the absence of Doth Tello his brother whom he would catch in the same net he deferred it and the better to surprize him he made shew to pardon him and Don Iohn of Abendagno also and to remit all that was past This Don Iohn of Abendagno was one of the chiefe Knights of Biscay and without whose aduise Don Tello Lord of Biscay did not any thing Notwithstanding as the fauours of great men are vncertaine and wauering Don Tello enuying him for that he was rich D. Tello Lord of Biscay causeth D. Iohn of Abendagno to be murthered and welbeloued in the countrie caused him to bee slaine awhile after in the towne of Bilbora Palençuela being taken by composition the king Don Pedro made a tourney at Tordesillas whree he had resolued to murther Don Frederic his brother and others notwithstanding hauing by the same treason caused two other Knights to bee slaine the one of Toledo the other of Vailledolit he thought it sufficient for this time and deferred this execution vntill another oportunitie Don Henry who was in the Asturia's seeing that all were brought vnder and reconciled vnto the king he demanded leaue afarre off and obtained it for hee would not trust the king but vpon good termes and went to serue the French king Passing by the mountains of Asturia he escaped many ambushes which the king had layd for him notwithstanding his assurance giuen but he was ordayned to better fortune wherefore beeing come into Biscay and hauing there conferred with Don Tello his brother hee imbarked and landed at Rochel from whence he went to Paris to King Iohn then raigning who receiued him and honoured him much The king of Arragon was aduertised of all these troubles and alterations beeing then resident at Perpignan for the which he was not sorie At that time there raigned three bad kings in Spaine this Don Pedro king of Castile Don Pedro of Arragon and Don Charles of Nauarre violent Princes
greatnesse made a generall league of many Communalties against them whereupon they of Gades finding themselues too weake to make head against so great a multitude they resolued to call in to their succour and to the spoyle of Spaine the Carthaginians of Africke The Gaditanes call the Carthaginians into Spaine their brethren comming from the same race and towne The citie of Carthage was then a great Commonweale the which had a great jurisdiction among the Africanes and sought onely to enlarge their Empire so as they were readie to run into Spaine with this honest and religious pretext to succour the oppressed whereas they not onely freed the Gaditanes from all feare of the Spaniards but did also subdue the people of Spaine setled themselues there Carthaginians desire more to be great than iust and gouerned it as their Prouince from whence they drew afterwards so great treasure and other commodities as they presumed to assayle the greatest Potentates in the world The name of Spaniards before this warre had beene great among other nations onely in regard that they serued as a prey to all strangers which were they only which held the lower countrey and the coast of the Mediterranean sea and part of the Ocean South and West among the which some nations of Europe and Asia had built and peopled some townes As for those which liued in the heart of the countrey and in the mountains their fame was more obscure being for the most part rough and barbarous hauing scarce any commerce with strangers but to rob and steale which was their best practise and therefore vntill the comming of the Carthaginians they had beene as it were free and assured both from inuasion and trade doing wrong rather than taking any but afterwards they did all in generall learne to manage armes with discipline they vndertooke parties contracted alliances among themselues and with other nations growing by little and little more politicke ciuile and courteous The Celtes were alreadie mingled with the Iberians about the riuer of Ebro and passing on they obtained lands and habitations in Lusitania and in a corner of Betica which was neere vnto them then passing the riuer of Duero they planted themselues betwixt it and Minio and consequently to the mountains in the countrey which from them tooke the name of Gallicia and doth still hold it whereas they built the towne of Porto vpon the confines of the Lusitanians which is at this time a Bishopricke retaining the name of Portugall and so goes on to the Westerne sea 2 The Celtes Iberians and other Spaniards farre from the sea as they were almost like in manners had as is sayd maintained their reputation free and vnited vntill this descent of the Carthaginians who hauing resolued to settle themselues in Spaine seized first vpon the Island of Iuisa Masee the first Generall of the Carthaginian arme in Spaine 562 yeres before Christ. and fortified it Masee being Generall of this Armie This was fiue hundred sixtie two yeares before the comming of Christ and an hundred eightie nine yeares after the foundation of Rome After which time watching their opportunitie eight and fortie yeares after they sent a great fleet of shippes into Spaine led by one Maherbal vnder colour to relieue the Gaditanes who had beene vanquished by Baucius Capis then reigning ouer the Turditanians their neighbours The name of the protection and support of this puissant Commonweale of Carthage purchased the Gaditanes a peace and free trade the which drew so manie families from Carthage into the Island and Citie as exceeding the rest they got the absolute commaund thereof Maherbal yet liuing The Carthaginians continued for a time without any care of the affaires of Spaine beeing very much afflicted with drought and other discommodities they hauing great warre in Sicile and Sardinia but about the yeare 255 they vndertooke againe the conquest of Spaine whither they sent Asdrubal and Amilcar sonnes to Mago Passing by Sardinia Asdrubal was slaine there leauing three children Hanniball the eldest Asdrubal and Psappho Amilcar was diuerted from Spaine by the warres of Sicile where he was also slaine and had three sonnes in like manner Himilco Hanno and Gisgo The yeare 272 after the foundation of Rome they sent a small supplie of nine hundred souldiors into Spaine whom they would haue land in the Islands of the Baleares but they were repulsed and soon after Psappho sonne to Asdrubal had charge to keepe the Spaniards in awe who were sollicited by the Africane Moores their neighbours to joyne with them against the Carthaginians who by his wisedome restrained them and moreouer got sufficient forces from them to force the Moores to sue for peace and to giue ouer their enterprises against the citie of Carthage In this warre the vertue of Saruc of Barce a towne neere vnto Carthage author of the Barcinian faction was very famous Psappho liued in great reputation who after his death was by opinion receiued into the number of the gods the which he had procured during his life For he had caused certaine birds to be taught to speake and made them learne to say That Psappho was a great god Which birds being let flye they chattered out those words in the fields to the great admiration of the people After his decease the Prouince of Spaine was committed to Himilco and Hanno the sonnes of Amilcar his cousins who tried by faire and plausible means to draw the inhabitants of the Baleares to liue in amitie with their Commonweale Hanno being arriued at Gades and desiring to discouer the country and the coast of Spaine without the strait he sayled vnto the holy Promontorie or Cap S. Vincent and hauing giuen aduice vnto the Senat of that which he had seene and vnderstood he obtained leaue to continue his discouerie as well vpon the coast of Spaine as Africke in the Ocean sea whereupon he prepared two fleets the one for the coast of Europe and to passe vnto the Gaules and farther if he might the charge whereof he gaue vnto his brother Himilco and of the other he would be captaine and conductor himselfe and sayle towards Africke so in the beginning of the yeare 307 of the foundation of Rome they set sayle either of them taking his course Himilco parting from the port of Heraclee which was in the strait coasted the Mesenians and Selbitians passed the Promontorie of Iuno and the mouth of the riuer Cylbis which runneth betwixt Barbarie and Huelua neere vnto the which in old time was the Island of Erythrea which is not to be seene at this day vnlesse it be that of Gades it selfe and then he discouered the Tartessian forrests and did see the Turditanes coast whereas the riuer Betis fell into the sea at that time by foure mouthes afterwards reduced to two but now there is but one Passing on there came into his sight Mont Cassius rich in veines of Tynne from whence it is likely it tooke his name beyond the which
Christians who desired to abate the power of the Moores and to keepe them diuided all they could came to succour the Toledanes being led by one of the sonnes of king D. Ordogno both armies met not farre from the citie neere vnto the riuer of Guadacelette Mahumets victorie but Mahumet had the victorie there were slaine in this battaile 13000 Moores of Toledo and 8000 Christians yet all this could not make him master of the towne Mahumet being victor he caused the heads of his enemies to be carried into diuers townes to strike terror into those that would rebell for it was the custome of that nation at the change of Princes to stirre vp new troubles This warre continued three yeares vnto the death of the king D. Ordogno 33 Cont Bernard of Barcelone liued at this time Cattelogne much fauored in the Court of the Emperour Lewis the Gentle not without enuie especially of such as had had the gouernment of Prince Bernard the sonne of Pepin king of Italie in his youth He was accused to haue committed adulterie with the Empresse Iudith D. Geoffrey Earle or Gouernour of Barcelone whatsoeuer the cause were D. Geoffrey of Arria succeeded him in the Countie of Barcelone in the yeare 839. In the yeare 841 Ouiedo king D. Ordogno being much afflicted with the Gout and other infirmities was withall oppressed with griefe for the rout of his men which he had sent to succour the Toledanes whereupon he fell grieuously sick and died hauing gouerned the realme of Leon and Ouiedo tenne yeares The letters and titles of the Church of S. Iaques of Compostella giue longer liues to these kings for there is one found of king D. Ordogno of the yere 854 and another of the yeare 862 yea of 874 wherefore there is no great certaintie of the time in the raignes of the kings of Ouiedo and Leon. These letters and titles differ aboue 33 yeares from the common opinion D. Alphonso third of that name twelfth King of Ouiedo 34 ALphonso the Great Anno 841 sonne to D. Ordogno Ouiedo was but foureteene yeares old or ten as some say when he began to raigne a prince endowed with all royall vertues whose life and gouernment was long His entrie was disquieted by a knight of Gallicia called D. Froila Bermudes who contemning the kings youth did rise and seise vpon the Crowne D. Alphonso being retired to Alaua to preserue himselfe against this tyrant as he was busie to raise an armie of his friends and subiects he had newes that D. Froila being come to Ouiedo the chiefe towne of the whole realme Tyrannie and vsurpation iustly punished to be crowned there he had beene slaine by the Senators and Councellors which had conspired against him wherefore he came thither was receiued and recouered his realme in peace Then was there gouernour in Alaua a knight called Eylo or Zeybon brother to one Zenon which some Authors say had beene Lord of Biscaie This Eylo as soone as Alphonso was setled in his realme of Ouiedo rebelled against him and drew from him all which the kings of Ouiedo held in that prouince D. Alphonso who was then at Leon being aduertised of this disorder marcht with such forces as he could gather readily together towards Alaua where his presence caused him to be generally obeyed He tooke this gouernor and carried him to Ouiedo where he ended his dayes in prison Mahumet Moores first Moore of that name raigned then in Spaine against whom the earle of Barcelone made sharpe warres but with small successe He sent an armie against the Christians led by two captaines Imundar and Alcama the which came and lodged about Leon as if they would besiege it Anno 842. in the yeare 842. But king D. Alphonso succoured it and forced the Moores to retire In the end of Abderramens raigne there had beene a great persecution against the Christians which dwelt in the Moores countries whereof their insolencies and rebellions was the cause The libertie of Christians among the Moors in Spaine They had as we haue said libertie of their religion and they were suffered to build Temples and Monasteries at their pleasures their Priests and Monkes did freely vse their seuerall habits They had Iudges and Rectors among them to administer iustice vnder the authoritie of the Mahumetane kings onely they were forbidden to enter into the Mosquee and not to speake ill of their Prophet Mahumet They payed tributes the which were sometimes augmented as necessitie required or according to the passions of their kings Whereupon many Christians tooke occasion to murmure and to make bitter complaints the which did incense the Moores Some Christians of more iudgement exhorted the rest to patience foreseeing the mischiefe but it was in vaine yea Accafred a Bishop and Seruand an Earle who were of these moderators were condemned by a Councell and are blamed by the Authors of Histories who haue made no scruple to put in the number of Martyres those rebells which perished in this massacre the which was great and continued ten yeares for an aduertisement to all others not to rise against their prince to whom they are made subiect by the will of God especially for their temporall goods In the meane time the quarell betwixt this Miralmumin and them of Toledo continued and their obstinacie was such as Mahumet seeing they would not acknowledge him vpon any conditions he sent a mightie armie against them vnder the conduct of his brother or as some hold of his sonne called Almondir who spoyled rased and burnt all that was within the territorie of Toldo and yet no man durst make head against him his forces were so great King D. Alphonso imbracing this occasion of the Moores diuisions being entred into league with the French and Nauarrois D. Alphonso spoyles the Moors country he entred and spoyled their countrey They hold that Bernard of Carpio was chiefe of this armie Mahumet did aboue all things desire to subdue them of Toledo the which was a great and strong citie and therefore hard to be forced Wherefore he resolued to reduce it to extremitie of victuals by a long siege and so force them to yeeld Anno 848. And hauing raised a great armie in the yeare 848 he led it himselfe in person against the Toledanes who issued out of the towne resoluing to fight with him but it was to their losse and confusion for they were forced to retire with shame the towne was besieged the bridge vpon the riuer of Tayo the worke of king Hisem was beaten downe the Moores call bridges Alcantara and all meanes of succours taken from the inhabitants Wherefore they began somewhat to yeeld Toledo reduced vnder the obedience of the Morres at Cordoua and to talke of a composition wherein they were heard and satisfied so as Mahumet entred the citie with great ioy hauing reduced so great a people vnder his obedience From whence he sent some troupes to
vnder the commaund of an Earle called D. Gonsalo Sanches who watched his opportunitie so well as he defeated the Normanes slew their captaine Gundired and burnt their shippes D. Sisenand second Bishop of Compostella had beene slaine by these pyrates he was a turbulent man and an vnworthie Prelate of whom Histories report â—isenand bishop 〈◊〉 Compostâ—lla â—urbulent 〈◊〉 that for his vices prodigalitie and lewd life the king D. Sancho the fat had caused him to be put in prison in whose place Rodosinde was chosen a holie man and of good fame a Monke of the Order of S. Benet but after the death of D. Sancho Sisenana being gotten out of prison he came with force to enter his Bishopricke being resolued to kill Rodosinde the which he had effected if this holie man had not willingly quit the place returning to his Monasterie where he ended the rest of his dayes Afterwards Sisenand pursuing the Normanes being more fit to commaund souldiors then to gouerne the Church of Christ hee was slaine with an arrow neere vnto Formellos Such were the Bishops for the most part in those times The Estate of Leon was by this meanes peaceable both within it selfe and in regard of enemies abroad hauing peace with the Moores King Hali Hatan being loth that the beginning of his raigne should passe without some famous exploit Castille being also sollicited by D. Bela of Nagera a knight of Alaua who as we haue said had beene expelled by D. Fernand Earle of Castille and was retyred to the Moores Court at Cordoua hee raysed a mightie armie the which hee sent to ruine the Earle of Castille against whom he had a spleene for the former warres and tooke from him Sepuluedas An. 942. S. Estienne of Gormas and other places about the yeare 942 the which the Earle of Castille could not suddainely preuent whereat he was so much discontented as within few dayes after he died in Burgos to the great griefe of all the people of Castille and was interred in the Monasterie of Arlansa which he founded There is some reason to doubt of the yeare of his death for that there is found in the Instruments and Titles of donation made by him to the Monasterie of S. Emylian of the towne of Saint Marie de Pezuegos dated in the yeare 944 to the Church of S. Martin of Granon the yeare 945 of certaine houses in the towne of Salines of the Church of S. Stephen of Sabredo dated 947 to the same Monasterie of the Church of S. Iohn Baptist of Ciguri vpon the riuer of Tiron the which runnes into the riuer Ebro neere vnto the towne of Haro where it is expressely said that the Earle D. Fernand and D. Sancha his wife make this donation to the Abbot and religious of the said Monasterie and to their successors for the loue of the glorious Confessor S. Emylian that at the dreadfull day of judgement they might deserue to heare that comfortable voice of the Lord Come ye blessed of my father c. In these letters D. Ferdinand did intitle himselfe Earle of Castille of Alaua and of Nagera There are registers and memorials found also in the Monasterie of S. Emylian making mention of the Earle D. Fernand and of D. Vrraca his first wife of the yeare 964 the which without doubt is false and counterfeit Donations priuiledges and other titles of Monasteries vncertaine as in the truth there is no great certaintie in anything which the Monkes produce of their priuiledges donations exemptions and other graunts of auncient kings It is to be seene vpon the tombe of D. Sancha Countesse of Castille in the great Chappell of S. Peter of Arlansa that she died that yeare 964 and in the Aera 1002 to Cont Fernand Gonsales succeeded his third sonne D. Garcia Fernandes the first of that name in the Earledome of Castille and other places aboue mentioned in the yeare according to the common opinion 942. 13 The Moores being masters of the field in Castille Moores there being no forces together to withstand them being pust vp with successe they entred the territories of Leon breaking the peace which they had with the king D. Ramir without any subiect and came and besieged the towne of Zamora Zamora taken and ruined the which they tooke and ruined Vntill that time which was about the yeare 950 An. 950. the Christians dwelling vnder the gouernment of the Arabian Moores whom they called for the respect Musarabes had remained in great tranquilitie and peace without forcing them in their religion in any sort whatsoeuer Moreouer they had justice duely administred paying the pensions and tributes which were imposed vpon them whereby they were assured from all violence But Hali Hatan being come to the Crowne he was so zealous in his religion and conceiued so great a hatred against that of the Christians as he published an edict A cruell edict made by Hali Hatan against the Christian his subiects by the which all Christians dwelling vnder his iurisdiction were commanded to abiure the religion of Iesus Christ and causing themselues to be circumcised to imbrace that of Mahumet vpon paine of death Then did the spirit of God quicken in the hearts of many the fire which had beene smothered by the humane traditions and instructing them inwardly seeing that ordinarie meanes failed or were corrupted made it appeare vnto the world that the true religion hath no better meanes of propagation than persecution for loue and charitie surmount nature making the dull quicke witted causing them which were in a manner dumbe to speake and giuing force and courage to the simple and weake Many Christians of all sexes and ages did vertuously confesse the saluation we haue in Iesus Christ by his onely merit and satisfaction before the Inquisitors and Iudges which were sent by this barbarous king The names of which holie martyrs are worthie of memorie to be a president to all the faithfull Martyres vnder the Moores but we haue too few of them In the citie of Cordoua there were put to death for the testimonie of Christs truth Aurelius Gregorius and Felix with their wiues Natalia Crescencia and Liliosa In the territorie of Rioje Victor borne at Cerezo who had long defended his fellow citizens from the violence of the Moores was beheaded At Bosca neere to Nagera Nunilla and Allodia two holy sisters suffered death Yet by the letters and priuiledges of the kings of Nauarre giuen to S. Sauiour in Leyre where they say they were buried it seemes their death was long before this persecution In Arragon in the towne of Iaca the holie virgine Eurosia suffered and many others in diuers parts of Spaine where the Moores commaunded Thus were the Christians afflicted both in peace and warre by armes and by vniust proceedings The Authors of the Spanish Historie make no mention Leon. that the king D. Ramir had any great care to suppresse the insolencie of these Arabian Infidels nor to be
yeares after leauing two sonnes D. Guillen Raymond Earle and D. Henry The Moores by another Inuasion into the territories of Cattelogne ruined the Monasterie of Ripol but by the care of D. Oliban sonne to D. Oliban Cabrisa they were repulsed and the Monasterie repayred and fortified by him in the yeare 1035. in which yeare the Earle D. Berenger Borel dyed hauing gouerned fiue and thirty yeares without any fame Nauarre and Castile beeing scarce forty yeares old and was buried at Ripol After the death of D. Garcia Earle of Castille and the perception of the succession by D. Sancho the Great king of nauarre in the name of D. Nugna his wife beeing eldest sister to the deceased the first woman which succeeded in Castille there grew a warre betwixt him and D. Bermond king of Leon who had married the Earles other sister called D. Theresa in the which the King of Leon lost the countrey which lyes from the riuer of Cea vnto the auncient limits of Castile but by the mediation of some Noblemen and good Councellers these two Princes were reconciled and concluded a peace by the which there was a marriage contracted betwixt D. Fernand second sonne to the king of Nauarre and D. Sancha sister to the king D. Bermond who had beene promised to D. Garcia Earle of Castile By this Treatie the lands which the King of Nauarre had taken from the King of Leon should bee giuen to Fernand and it was sayd that the Earledome of Castile assigned to him should haue the title of a Kingdome when hee should beginne to enioy it Thus they were good friends and maintained peace betwixt these two Estates of leon and Castile An. 1033. Palence restored by the king of Nauarre till after the death of the King D. Sancho the Great Who about the yeare 1033. restored the towne of Palence vppon an opinion which he had to haue beene miraculously cured hauing put his arme out of ioynt striking at a wild Boare in the ruines of this towne which was sometimes destroyed by the Moores and at a place where as Saint Antolins church had beene To this place he restored the auncient Episcopall seate and gaue great gifts vnto it The Bishops of Palence call themselues Earles of Pernia since that time Hee gaue much to other Monasteries as it was the custome of those times and that for the deuotion he had to the Reliques of Ouiedo he went thither as a pilgrim but he was slain by the way Death of D. Sanchoxy king of Nauarre as we haue sayd and was buried at Ouiedo afterwards transported to Ogna in the yeare 1034. An. 1034. After his decease his children tooke possession of the Realmes assigned vnto them by their father and mother D. Garcia of Nauarre D. Fernand of Castile D. Gonçalo of Sobrarbre and Ribagorça and D. Ramir of Arragon Thus a great Estate by reason whereof D. Sancho had called himselfe Emperour of Spaine and was surnamed the Great was dismembred to the great preiudice of Christendome Beeing dead his brother in lawe D. Bermond would not obserue the conditions concluded by the Treatie of marriage betwixt his sister and D. Fernand the new King of Castile seeking to take from him the Land which did confine vppon the Riuer of Cea conquered and ouercome by D. Sancho the Great the which he afterwards left vnto D. Fernand and to his wife his sister in making of the marriage D. Fernand hearing that hee prepared and addressed himselfe to Armes with an intent and resolution to annoy and trouble him hee also on the contrarie put himselfe in defence D. Bermond king of Leon breakes the peace is defeated and slaine beeing succoured by his brother D. Garcia King of Nauarre with great troupes of souldiers the which he â—edde himselfe in person to a place called Llantada The two armies encountred neere to the Riuer of Carrion where there was a furious battaile with great slaughter of either side But D. Bernond lost his life beeing runne thorough with a Lance by whose death for that hee had no lawfull children the succession of Leon and Ouiedo fell to D. Fermand husband to D. Sancha sister to the deceased This was in the yeare 1037. that the two Estates of Leon and Castile were â—nted Vnion of 〈◊〉 and Castile D. Bermond was interred at Leon with his wife D. Theresa who was dead before The end of the seuenth Booke ⧠THE EIGHTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 D. Ferdinand first king of Castile 2 D. Raymond Berenger 7. Earle of Barcelone 3 D. Ramir first king of Arragon 4 D. Garcia 14. king of Nauarre the sixth of that name 5 D. Sancho fift of that name and fifteenth king of Nauarre 6 Diuision of the Estates of D. Fernand the first king of Castile among his children giuing Castile to D. Sancho to D. Alphonso that of Leon and to D. Garcia Galicia with the like title 7 D. Sancho Ramires king of Arragon 2. and the inuasion of Nauarre by him wherfore he was numbred for the 16. king of Nauarre and the sixth of that name 8 Estate of the Arabians in the East their diuisions and quarrels from whence sprung 4 mightie Monarchies 9 D. Alphonso the sixth called the Braue king of Castile Leon and Galicia vniting these three Estates 10 Exploits of Cid Ruis Diaz a valiant Captaine of Castile 11 D. Raymond eighth Earle of Barcelone 12 Vsurpations of the King of Castile vpon Nauarre 13 Conquest of the cittie and kingdome of Toledo from the Moores Re-establishment of the Archbishops seat and primacie of Spaine and other things belonging to the dignitie of that Cittie 14 D. Raymond Arnoul ninth Earle of Barcelone 15 The royall Seate restored to Cordoua by Ali-Abenâ—Axa a Moore who vnited all the Princes and Potentates of that Sect in Spaine vnder the Empire of the Almorauides his rebellion and death 16 Passage of Ioseph Aben-Tefin Miralmumin or king of Maroc in Spaine reduction of all the Moores of Spaine vnder one Empire 17 Henry of Lorraine or of Besançon Earle of Linbourg the stemme of the royall family of Portugall 18 Spaine furnished with French Prelates 19 D. Pedro first of that name 17. king of Nauarre and third of Arragon 20 Ali-Abenâ—Tefin-Miralmumin or king of the Arabiens Almorauides ⧠This eighth Booke containes the beginning of the Realmes of Castile and Arragon erected by D. SANCHO 4. king of Nauarre and the continuance of their Princes and other Potentates of Spaine as followeth LEON Kings 24 D. Fernand 1. D. Alphonso 6. CASTILE Kings 1 The same 2. 2 D. Sancho 2. 3 The same 1. NAVARRE Kings 14 D. Garcia 6. 15 D. Sancho 5. 16 D. Sancho Ramir 6. 17 D. Pedro the first 1. ARRAGON Kings 1 D. Ramir the first 1. The same 4. The same 1. CATTELOGNE Kings 7 D. Raymond Berenger 8 D. Raymond 9 D. Raymond Arnoul PORTVGAL Earles 1 D. Henry of Lorraine or of Besançon first Earle vnder the
a great friend as we wil shew and the happinesse of this captaine was such as the King of Denia beeing dead at the same time his son successor did so honour his vertue and wisdome as he made himselfe his vassal and was so beloued of him as hauing reconciled him with King Hiaja he wrought so as he conuersed familiary with him and in so great fauor as he gouerned both the King and the Estate of Valence as if himself had bin Lord. Aben-Hut King of Sarragosse died also about that time leauing one son called Almizaron heire of his Kingdome at whose aduancement the Estate beeing somewhat troubled Cid was intreated to come to Sarragosse the which he did In the meane time there fell out great garboiles in the Court of Valence by the enuy emulation of two Moores whereof the one was a captaine vnder Cid called Aben-Alfaras and the other a certaine prouost called Aben-laf This Prouost was so transported with hatred as hee called the Almorauiâ—â—s by their means made himself Master of the town forcing King Hiaja to flie whom he pursued hauing intelligence that hee had carried away many rich Iewels tooke him and flue him miserably giuing him a vilde vnworthy sepulcher Such was the end of Hiaja King of Valence who had raigned the last of the Moores at Toledo Aben laf hauing by this means gotten so goodly an estate kept a great gaâ—d about him as such doe commonly as will rule by â—â—rany beeing in the meane time vnder the soueraignty of the Almorauides but he did not long enioy the fruits of his wickednesse for Cid being aduertised of this base treason parted from Sarragosse with such forces as he had and came before Valence to see if the hatred of the tyrant would moue the inhabitants to reuolt There came many Noblemen Mootes of the country thether to him among which were Aboeca Abeni-Lopes and Aben Racin who ioyned with him mooued thereunto by his vertue and valour then was the city fiercely assaulted so as the inhabitants and their commander Aben Iaf receiuing no succors from the Almorauides as they attended beeing vnwilling to giue eare to the secret practises of the King of Sarragosse who perswaded them vnder hand to giue themselues vnto him the which was well knowne to Cid whose vigilancy was great they were forced to yeeld vpon condition that the garrison of Almorauides should bee thrust out and that Aben Iaf should hold the towne of Valencia of Cid and should pay him tribute yet could not the Valentians agree well with Aben Iaf the murtherer of their King but raysing daylie new troubles and seditions against him hee fortefied himselfe in a great quarter of the towne and callad Cid giuing him entrance on that side Whereat the Valentians beeing much mooued they fell to open rebellion and intrenching on their side they put themselues vertuously in defence and called backe the Almorauides to their succors but the city beeing beseeged of all sides by Cids army and all the passages stopped they could not enter into the towne but returned without fighting wherefore the beseeged were forced to subiect themselues vnder the obedience of Aben Iaf who shewing himselfe trecherous and breaking his promise with Cid hee gaue him occasion soone after to teturne to Valencia Valence taken by Cid Ruis Diaz and to subdue it for himselfe the which hee did by a seege of ten monthes reducing the towne and the inhabitants to such extremity for want of victuals and by continual assaults as they yeelded to his mercy hauing all the places and forts already in his deuotion Beeing maister of the city hee put Aben Iaf to death by iustice and sent a way the Moores which were suspect vnto him the which soone after brought a great army of Almorauides out of Andalousia and other countries which they held in Spaine against Cid and his new conquests but hee repulst them valiantly and so setled himselfe as during his life it returned out vnder the Moores subiection these things were effected by Cid Ruis Diaz of Biuar after the returne into Affrike of King Ioseph Aben Tefin the chiefe of the family of the Almorauides Arabians About the yeere of our Lord 1096. An. 1096. beganne that famous expedition of Christian Princes to the holy Land Expedition inâ—â— Syrâ—a or the Holy Warre decreed by Pope Vrbain the second at the councell of Clermont in the which there went infinit numbers out of France England Italy and Germany vnder the conduct of diuers Princes and Noblemen Few made this voyage out of Spaine by reason of the warres which they had against the Affrican Moores by whom they were greatly anoyed Onely D. Raymond Earle of Tolouse and Saint Gyles ioyned in these Leuant warres leading with him some small number of Spanish Knights and was followed by D. Eluira his wife who was brought in bed in the East countries of a sonne who was baptized in the water of Iordain and for that cause was named Alphonso Iordain D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo beeing desirous to goe was crost and went into the East recommending his charge to certaine regular Chanoins of Saint Augustine who after his departure chose an other Archbishop whereof D. Bernard aduertised beeing not yet gone out of Spaine hee returned sodainely and passing by the Monastery of Sahagun he tooke with him certaine Monkes with the which he went to Toledo where hee punished the Chapter for their inconstancy deposed the new Archbishop and placed the Monkes of the Order of Saint Benet in his church the which continued there many yeeres This done beeing desirous to see the world hee continued his course and came to Rome to receiue the Holy fathers blessing meaning to proceed in his voiage but they say the Pope would not suffer him but fent him backe into Spaine knowing him to be fit for the affaires of the Romish Catholike churchâ— so D. Bernara returned beeing absolued of his vow He past through France Prelats of the French nation giuen to the Churches in Spainâ— from whence hee carried with him many men of fame amongst others one named Girard borne at Moysi whom hee made Chantre of his church afterwards he was Archbishop of Braga and canonized for a Saint one Peter borne in Berry whom he made Arch-deacon and was afterwards Bishop of Osma put also in the numbers of Saints Bernard of Agen the second Chantre and after Bishop of Siguença and in the end Bishop of Saint Iaques Peter also of Agen second Arch-deacon of Toledo and since bishop of Segobia Raymond of Agen who succeeded in the Bishoprike of Ofina and in the end to the same D. Bernard in his dignity of Toledo an other Peter who was Bishop of Palence and Ierosme of Perigueux whom hee made Bishop of Valencia arriuing in that city soone after that D. Roderigo Diaz de Biâ—ar had conquered it to whom he was an assistant to order clergy matters Hee carried with him also one Bernard
sonne in law the which hee did by the aduice of D. Bernard Archbishop of Toledo D. Vâ—raca laâ—re of Castille and Leon married to D. Alphonso of Nauarre which marriage was accomplished according vnto some in the life time of the King D. Pedro others say it was after his decease D. Alphonso hauing already succeeded him to the crowne of Nauarre and Arragon in the yeere 1104. for that the King D. Pedros sonne of the same name was dead without children and D. Isabel his daughter was also dead a virgin An. 1104. This King D. Pedro and his children were buried at Iean de la Pegna the last of the Kings which were interred there He had raigned in Nauarre and Arragon ten yeeres and three monthes As for King D. Alphonso he liued vnto the yeere 1108. being afflicted with great infirmities Death of D. Alphonso the sixth King of Castille with the which he languished to the age of 73. whereof hee raigned foure and thirty yeeres and eight monthes after the decease of his brother D. Sancho his body is interred in the Monastery of Sahagun D. Alphonso his son in law succeeded him in the right of D. Vrraca the only lawfull daughter of the deceased in all his realmes of Castille Leon Toledo and other Siegneuries A little before his death one Moyse a Iew very learned in the tongues in Philosophy and the holy Scriptures was baptized and the King D. Alphonso was his god father Conuersion of Moysâ—a Iew. wherefore hee was called Pedro Alphonso His conuersion was profitable to many Iewes and Moores whom by disputing and writing hee brought to leaue their sects and to imbrace the name and profession of Christians At the same time florished Deminike de la Calçada whose practise was to retire the pilgrimes which went to Saint Iaques and to direct them in their way At the place of whose aboade there was since a city built of that name he caused a Chappel to bee built there in honour of the Virgin Mary and a little from thence fiue yeeres before his death he made his sepulcher for at that time they buried not any in holie ground Now it is a Cathedral Church The end of the eight Booke The Contents of the ninth Booke 1. VNion of the realmes of Castille Leon Nauarre and Arragon vnder the King D. Alphonso the 7. of that name in Leon and 2. in Castille and the first in Nauarre and Arragoâ— 2. Seege and taking of the city of Sarragosse from the Moores the which was afterwards the chiefe of the realme of Arragon 3. The County of Prouence anexed to the house of Barcelone by hereditary succession 4. D. Alphonso Henriques 2. Earle of Portugal and the bad gouernment of the Countesse D. Theresa his Mother 5. The licentions life of the Queene D. Vrraca heire of Castille her diuorce from King D. Alphonso her husband and the miseries which happened in Castille 6. Conspiracy of the Nobility and States of Castille and Leon against the Queene D. Vrraca and the establishing of her sonne D. Alphonso 7. Raymond in the reyall dignity accounted the 8. of that name and the 27. King of Leon and 5. of Castille 8. Disordred and prodigious testament of D. Alphonso the 7. King of Nauarre and Arragon 9. Vsurpations of townes and Lands in Nauarre by King Alphonso Raymond of Castille 10. D. Garcia Ramir the 19. King of Nauarre and 7. of that name 11. D. Frere Ramir the 5. King of Arragon and 2. of that name 12. Kings of Nauarre and Arragon forced to acknowledge the soueraignty of Castille 13. Vnion of Cattelogne to the crowne of Arragon by the marriage of the Earle of Barcelon D. Raymond Berenger with D. Petronille 14. Accord betwixt D. Raymond Betenger Prince Regent of Arragon with the Templers and Hospitaliers vpon the testament of King D. Alphonso 15. The Earle of Portugal takes the title of King 16. Change of the State in Affrike and the new raigne of the Almohades 17. Taking of Lisbone and other townes from the Moores by the new King D. Alphonso Henriques 18. D. Sancho the 20. King of Nauarre 7. of that name 19. Change of Religion among the Moores in Spaine and persecution of Christians by the new sectaries 20. D. Sancho the 6. King of Castille 3. of that name 21. D. Fernand the 2. of that name 28. King of Leon. 22. Institution of the Order of the Knights of Calatrana This ninth booke containes the rest of the Kings of Nauarre Arragon Leon and Castille and the erection of the Earldome of Portugal to a Kingdome by D. Alphonso Henriques as followeth NAVARRE ARRAGON LEON CASTILLE 18. Alphonso Emperour 1-4 the same 1-26 the same 7-4 the same 2. 19. D. Garcia Ramir. 7. 5. D. Fr. Ramir. 2. 27. D. Alphon. Ra. 8-5 the same 3. 20. D. Sancho 7. D. Petronille and 28. D. Fernand 2. 6. D. Sancho 3. D. Raymond Berenger vnites Arragon and Cattelogne PORTVGAL D. Alphonso Henriques 2. Earle and the first which tooke vpon him the title of King D. Alphonso the eighteenth King of Nauarre Emperor of Spaine ALL the Christian Kingdomes of Spaine were vnited in one body Nauarre Ar. 1. ragâ—a Leon and Castille in the yeere 1108. by the succession of Leon Castille An. 1108. Toledo and other conquests fallne to D. Vrraca wife to D. Alphonso King of Nauarre and Arragon intitled Emperor of Spaine by a better right then his Predecessors notwithstanding that some Chronicles will not haue him put in the ranke and number of the Kings of Castille and Leon for that it was D. Vrraca his wife and not hee which was heire of the sayd Realmes D. Pedro Ansures during the Kings absence who was in Nauarre and Arragon gouerned and was Viceroy in Castille in which time the Moores went to field and did great harme vnto the Christians taking the towne of Coria with other places D. Alphonso King of Nauarre entred with an army into Castille leading with him D. Vrrca his wife but there needed not any force for all obeyed him both the townes forts and Noblemen of the country whom hee gouerned with all mildnesse humanity and iustice and repulsed the inuasions of the Moores on the fronters of his wiues dominions but hee made sharper warre against them vpon the confines of Nauarre and Arragon in Castille hee repaired Vilhorade in Rioje Berlanga and vpon the riuer of Duero Almasan and Soria The surname of warrior was giuen him by reason of his deeds of armes and the battailes wherein he was during his raigne The Histories report that he did fight 29. times in a pitcht field was victor in them al except in the two last battailes D. Alphonso seâ—â—es to assarâ—h insâ— lse of Castille which were fought nere vnto Fraga Hauing goften footing in Castille he began to forecast what might happen if his wife should die without children by him wherefore he put gouernors and captaines of his countries of Nauar
and arriuing at Cordoua hee found that D. Aluaro Perez de Castro and other Captaines and souldiers in great numbers were already come to succour his men King Aben Hut beeing aduertised of all these things and of D. Fernands arriuall with small forces although there came great troupes afterwards thought it fit to preuent him if he could or at the least to strike some terror into the Christians and force them to retire from this seege He had in his armie which lay about Eccia a Christian Knight D. Laurence Suarez betrays king Aben Hut who had entertained him in his exile a banished man called D. Laurens Suares Hauing imparted his desseigne vnto him he resolued to send him one night vnto the campe vnder colour of seeking to recouer the kings fauour but it was to espie and to discouer vnto him the true estate of the Christians armie This Knight hauing obtained a pasport came vnto the campe and spake vnto the king doing the contrarie to that which he had in charge for he discouered vnto the King D. Fernand all the Moores desseignes and what forces hee had wherefore beeing assured from the king of his grace and fauour he retired to Aben Hut to whom he concealed what he had seene and vnderstood telling him that the Christians army was much stronger then it was indeed Wherefore king Aben Hut durst not attempt that which he had resolued and thinking that they of Cordoua wold hold good for a time he resolued to employ his forces to succour king Zaen who was prest by the king of Arragon towards Valencia thinking after that he had repulsed the Arragonois to returne fortified with Zaens forces and cause the Christians to retire from before Cordoua Beeing arriued at Almery to imbarke his army a vassall of his whom hee did much esteeme called Aben Arramin inuited him to supper where he so feasted him as beeing drunke he cast him into a great vessell full of water and there drowned him wherupon the army disbanded and D. Laurence Suarez whom king Aben Hut had ledde with him retired to the king of Castile who receiued him graciously notwithstanding that he had betrayed him who had entertayned him during his exile This death of this Moorish king Cordoua yelded 1236. beeing generally knowne especially at Cordoua the beseeged despayred of succors so as they yeelded the cittie vnto the king of Castile the sixt moneth of the seege in the yeare 1236 which was 522. yeares after that it had beene first taken by the Moores The king Don Fernand caused a crosse to be set vppon the tower of the great Mesquide in token of our redemption and neere vnto it the standard of Castile which Mesquide was purified beeing one of the goodliest buildings in Spaine and made the Cathedrall Church D Lope de Hitero first Bishop of Cordoua of the which Don Lope de Hitero of Piçuerga was made bishop The king did indow it with rents and reuenues like the rest and so did the Arch-bishop Don Roderigo in his returne from Rome where he had beene during the seege and was not at the taking thereof of his great griefe but affaires of greater Importance had kept him absent in the meane time Don Iohn Bishop of Osma was his Vice-gerent and Chancelor to the King There the bells of Saint Iames were found which the Alhagib Almançor had taken away in the yeare 975. and placed them in this great Mosqueé making them to serue for lampes which the king Don Fernand caused to be transported to their auncient mansion The affaires of this great cittie which had beene the chiefe of the Moores estate were ordered by the king both for religion 〈◊〉 Iustice and for the guard and safety therof with great care Don Tello Alphonso de Mâ—neses was made Gouernor of the citty and Don Aluar Perez de Castro of the whole fronter The kingdome of Granado BY the losse of Cordoua and the death of king Aben Hut the Moores were wonderfully dismayed and voyd of Councell wherefore they returned to their old course euery one respecting his priuate interest so as the Infidels estate was dismembred into many parts Aben Hudiel among others seazed vpon the Realme of Murcia Zeit and Zaen being yet in warre and contending for the realme of Valencia In the country of Algarbe whereof Niebla was the chiefe citty Aben Iafon raigned who had for his successor Aben Amarin and then another called Aben Mofad Those of Seuile would haue no king but onely a Gouernor Beginning of Granado where one Axataf was in great authoritie and it was he which lost it But aboue all the power of Mahomad Alienalagmar or Aben Alamar was great so called for that he had a red face who from a shepheard hauing followed armes had attained to the chiefe places of honour and was in such credit by reason of his valour force and stature as in these tumults the Inhabitants of Arjona where he was borne chose him for their king and then other people submitted themselues vnder him especially the townes of Iaen Bacça which was ill garded and Guadix and in the end the citty of Granado which he afterwards made his royall seate and the chiefe of all his country and Seigneuries This was the first king of Granado whereas vntill that time there was no kingdome it was erected at such time as Cordoua the chiefe cittie of all the Moores Estate in Spain was made subiect vnto the Christians 25 Whilest that the king Don Fernand is busie at this honorable enterprize of Cordoua and D. Iaime or Iames king of Arragon at that of Valencia which was nothing inferior â—auarre Thibaud the new king of Nauarre had meanes of settle his affaires without any difficultie for he found all the Estates of the Kingdome willing to obey him At his reception he did sweare and confirme the liberties and priuiledges of the country the which he did also augment This was the beginning of the second masculine line of the Kings of Nauarre 〈…〉 the first ending in D. Sancho the which since D. Garcia Ximenes had continued 518. yeares Successions of States and Soueraignties falling to women against all lawe and presidents of well ordered kingdomes in the first ages is the cause that strange and vnknowne Princes of diuers humors come to raigne ouer Nations which sometimes haue succeeded well but very often great troubles and inconueniences haue followed At this time the Nauarrois were not vnfortunate to haue a king of the French nation who was a meanes to augment the power and dignitie of that Crowne by many accessories from France his mother D. Blanche daughter to the king D. Sancho the Wise and sister to the last Sancho was the first which brought the succession of women into Nauarre although she did not raigne beeing dead before the king Don Sancho the Strong her brother D. Pedro Ramires of Pedrola Bishop of Pampelone among others did faithfully maintaine the rights of this
but sixe leagues from Seuile resolued to yeeld themselues to King Fernand supposing that if they did protract it any longer they were vndone The city being enuironed and al passages stopt so as there could no victuals enter they were daily in fight both by land and sea where the Moores were most annoyed and therefore they had a great desire to burne the nauy but they found good resistance Hee amongst the commanders which did most feats of armes was D. Pelayo Perez Correa maister of the Order of Saint Iames and of the Knights Garcia Perez de Vargas of Toledo Whilst they were busie about this siege of Seuile the Infant D. Alphonso of Castille was in the realme of Murcia where he sought to take the towne of Xatiua which is not farre from Valencia hauing already seized vpon Enguerra but the King D. Iaime his father in law crossed his conquests saying that the attempted vpon his right for that Xatiua and other neighbour places belonged vnto him according to the last lymitation And for that the Infant D. Alphonso did not retire his forces the King of Arragon tooke Villena and Saix in the country of Castille the which were held by the knights of Calatraua and from the Moores he tooke Capdetes and Burgarra places belonging to the conquest of Castille These differences being like to cause greater troubles some great personages interposed themselues procuring the father in law and the sonne to meet at Almizra where they reconciled them yet the King of Arragon shewed himselfe very strict against D. Alphonso refusing to giue him leaue to conquer Xatiua the which hee promised to hold in doury to his wife Yoland There they did assigne the lands which should belong to either Realme Conâ—â—nes of Mâ—rcia and Valence appointing for the fronter to Murcia against Valencia Almança Sarazul and the riuer Cabriuol and to Valencia Castralla Biar Saxona Alarch Finestrat Torres Polop La Meâ—le lez d' Aquas and Altea with their confines The mediators of this accord were the maister of Saint Iames the Prior of the Templers and D. Diego Lopes de Haro who returned with the Infant D. Alphonso of Castille and all their troupes to the campe before Seuile where the King of Granado arriued also wel accompanied and there were some succors sent from the King of Arragon at this siege there were great and dayly skyrmishes especially about a bridge of boates which was betwixt the city and the Bourg of Triana vpon the riuer of Guadaâ—quibir the which in the end was broken by the Christians hauing taken the oportunity of a great and violent winde in the which they let slippe two great boates the which came with such violence as they brake the bonds wherewith the bridge was tied the which did wonderfully amaze the Moores This great city was so straightly besieged as they began to want victuals and therefore doubting they should not be able to defend it long they demanded a composition the which was granted them vpon these conditions That the city should be deliuered vnto the King D. Fernand and that all the Moores that would should depart with their goods to whom there was left for a retreat the townes of Saint Lucar Aznalfarache and Niebla Seuile yeelded to King Fernand and for that they should haue time to depart the King nor his garrisons should not enter but a month after the making of this accord and in the mean time the fort or castle of the city should be deliuered vnto the King According to these Articles there went out of Seuile aboue a 100000. Moores of all ages and sexes which past into Affrike besides such as remained in Andalusia and Granado Thus the King D. Fernand got this goodly great city in the yeere 1248. hauing continued his siege sixteene monthes An. 1248. it was not commanded by any King but only by a Gouernor called Axataf The first thing the King did was to prouide for matters of religion He went in a â—ollemne procession to the great Mesguide the which was clensed and hallowed and a Masse song by D. Guttiere elect Archbishop of Toledo successor to D. Iohn deceased D. Raymond Lozana was chosen Archbishop of that church the king resoluing to enrich it with great reuenues like vnto the rest The greatest personages which were at this siege with the king D. Fernand were his children D. Alphonso D. Frederic and D. Henry D. Guttiere Archbishop of Toledo hee of Saint Iames called D. Iohn Arias D. Garcia Bishop of Cordoua D. Sancho bishop of Coria with other Prelats and Clergy men as D. Pelayo Peres Correa the foureteenthmaister of the Knights of Saint Iames D. Gonçalo Ybanes of Quintana the fifteenth maister of Calatraua the maister of the Alcantara the Priors of the Templers and of Saint Iohn with a great number of their Knights Of secular Noblemen there were D. Diego Lopes de Haro Lord of Biscay D. Pedro Nugnes de Gusman D. Gonçalo Gonçales of Galicia D. Pedro Ponce of Leon D. Ruy Gonçales Giron Artas Gonçales Quixada D. Alphonso Telles de Meneses D. Gomes Ruis de Mançanedo D. Roderigo Aluares of Toledo D. Roderigo Froles Fernand Yanes Ruy Gonçales first Alcayde or captaine of Carmona Garcia Peres de Vargas of Toledo D. Laurence Suarez and Diego Martines Adalid all these were in the Land army In that at sea was Rayâ—ond Boniface Admiral with many knights and Squiers of Biscay and Cuipuscoa with whom there ioyned many marriners and souldiers Basques from about Bayonne in France al that had done the King any seruice in this warre were rewarded according to their merits and callings much land and many houses were giuen to the Nobility wherein the Clergy was not forgotten And for that the city was vnpeopled the King inuited people from all parts with guifts preuiledges and great immunities so as it was soone full of inhabitants Soone after this prize the King sent part of his victorious army against some places of strength thereabouts the which were made subiect vnto him some by force and some by a voluntary composition as Medina Sidonia Alcala Bejel Alpechin Aznalfarache Arcos Lebrixa and others towards the sea By this conquest the King D. Fernand was free from all warre behinde the limits of his Prouince for hee ment to entertaine peace and friendship with King Mahomad of Granado who had alwaies carried himselfe faithfully towards him wherefore he began now to conceiue in his imagination the conquest of all Affrike and resolued to passe the Straights in the spring with a great army against Caid Arrax Miralmumin of Maroc Death of D. Fernand King of Castille but death preuented him in the city of Seuile newly conquered in the yeere 1252. hauing raigned in Castille about fiue and thirtie yeeres and in Leon one and twenty There were present at his death his sons D. Alphonso D. Frederic and D. Henry D. Alphonso Lord of Molina the deceased Kings brother and the Archbishop Raymond Hee
Arragon and left a French knight for Seneshal and Gouernor thereof his name was Ieoffry of Beaumont of whom the Nauarrois made no great account and lesse of the king of Arragon to whom they would yeeld no obedience so as there began to be a breach of friendship betwixt the Nauartois and Arragonois in the yeere 1257. at which time D. Gil de Rada a knight of Nauar did homage to the King D. Iaime for his castle of Rada for him and D. Maria de Leet his wise The Seneshal seeing the couÌ„try which was committed vnto him ready to fal into a combustion came vnto the king D. Iaime who was at Barcelona and obtained of him an assurance of peace for a certaine time betwixt the two Estates The King of Castille finding himselfe in peace with all his neighbors Castile both Christians and Moores he tooke care for the good gouernment of his subiects who at that time made great complaints for that by reason of the altering of the value of coines al things were growne exceeding deere which thinking to preuent by setting a certaine price vpon al wares that were sold he wrought a contrary effect so as the death increased wherefore he disanulled that law and gaue them free liberty to sel their victuals wares at their pleasures Factionâ— in Germany for the Empire About that time there was great trouble in the Empire of Germany betwixt Conrade sonne to Frederic the 2. King of Naples and Sicile and William Earle of Holland both which carried themselues as Emperors The death of Conrade happened who as the Italians write was poysoned by Manfroy his Lieutenant and bastard brother who vsurped the realmes of Naples and Sicile which the Popes would draw vnto them since Frederiks time and exclude the house of Soaue notwithstanding that Conrade left Conradin his son and heire Impiety of Manfrey Frederiks bastard in whose preiudice Manfroy made himself king sugiesting that he had newes of his death in Germany hauing in the meane time corrupted some to poison him as he had done the father but they failed him their vowed seruice William Earle of Holland had bin chosen Emperor by the practises of Popes against Frederic who held that title vnto his death which was soone after that of Conrâ—â— for hauing war against the Frisons his rebels he was defeated by them and drowned in a Marish He being dead the Electors of Germany were diuided some striuing to haue a Prince of Germany chosen according to the lawes of the Empire and the others it may be corrupted with money sought to haue some forraine Prince placed in the Emperiall dignity that he might pacefie the troubles and tumults which did afflict Germany and Italy Two Princes were then vpon the file Richard sonne to Iohn King of England and brother to Henry the third Richard of England chosen Emperor then raigning and D. Alphonso King of Castille Conrad Archbishop of Cologne and Lewis Cont Palatin of Rhin Electors practised by the English man who was present did chose him King of the Romains where vnto the Archbishop of Mentz consented But Adolph duke of Saxony the Archbishop of Treues and the Marquis of Brandeburg disallowing of this Election they named the king of Castille who was absent who being aduertized of this ElectioÌ„ by a sollemn Ambassage yet would he not go into Germany hearing that Richard would force obedience by armes that the war was hotter among the Germains then before wherefore attending the euent he kept himself within the city of Toledo 7 The same yeere of our Lord 1257. Portugal D. Sancho Capello King of Portugal whom they had depriued of the gouernment of the realme to giue it to his brother D. Alphonso of Bologne came into Castille to King D. Alphonso the wise according to the most certain Authors intreating him to aide him in the recouery of his dignity and to punish his rebelious subiects who had made his brother their King in his life time wherevnto the King of Castille was well affected but a priuat respect made him to abandon the cause of the afflicted for the Earle of Bologne Regent of Portugal knowing that his brother made this pursute intreated King D. Alphonso by his letters not to trouble him in the charge wherevnto he had beene called by the Estates of the realm for lawful considerations the which had also bin allowed and confirmed by the authority of the Romain sea That if he would forbeare to annoy him he promised to marry D. Beatrix his bastard daughter which was then of age to be maried would be diuorced from the Countesse Mâ—hault his wife D. Alphonso of Portugal leaues his lawful wise the Countesse of Balogne to marry with Beatrix of Castille moreouer did reuiue the ancient homage which Portugal did to Leon These offers made king D. Alphonso to open his eares who entertayning the king D. Sancho with good words concluded the marriage of D. Beatrix with the Regent his brother to whom he gaue in doury the country of Algarbe newly taken from the Moores this vnion of the realm of Algarbe to that of Portugal was the cause that from that time the kings of Portugal carriedin their armes a border gueules semee with castles or without number the which were since reduced to the number of seuen The King D. Sancho Capello being out of al hope to raigne in Portugall D. Sancho Capello spoiled of the realme of Portugal died soone after in Castille where for that short time he was entertained in a royal Estate by D. Alphonso King of Castille whose case was like vnto his some few yeeres after for he was dispossessed by his owne sonne D. Sancho where it was happy for him to haue preserued the friendship of the Moores for there was not any Christian Prince that did either fauor him or aide him Whilst that the King D. Sancho of Portugal liued the city of Coimbra resisted D. Alphonso his brother and would neuer acknowledge him for Regent and much lesse for King And the writers of Portugal say that the newes of the Kings death being published he which commanded within the towne whom some cal Fleet demanded a pasport to goe vnto Toledo to informe himselfe of the Kings death and that the tombe wherein he had beene laied being opened he began to fight and to lament the aduenture of this Prince and to protest of his loyaltie vnto him and of the affection of the citizens of Combra and laying the keyes of the city vpon his hands he sayd that seeing he had receiued them from him with the charge and gouernment thereof he deliuered it vp vnto him againe and then resoluing to acknowledge King D. Alphonso for his lawfull Prince and to draw the citizens therevnto he returned into Portugal D. Alphonso the third of that name the fifth King of Portugal BY the death of King D. Sancho Capello Nauarre which was the fifth yeere of
at Lyons calling him King of Romains and commanding all the Princes and Prouinces of the Empire to obay him aduising Rodolphus to passe speedily into Italy to receiue the crowne of the Empire It may be he had regard to the diuersity of humors betwixt the Germains and Spaniards D. Alphonso hauing in the meane time setled his affaires with his Nobility and giuen order for the gouernment thereof not caring to seeke any truce with Aben Ioseph King of Maroc holding it would be dishonorable which notwithstanding was the cause of great mischiefe as we shall see he went from Toledo to goe into France to the Pope yet was he aduertised that he had proceeded to the confirmation of Rodolphus He was accompanied by D. Munuel his brother the Queene D. Violant the Infants D. Sancho D. Iohn D. Pedro and D. Iaime his children with many Noblemen and Knights of Marke of Castille Leon and his other dominions He left the gouernment of the realme to his eldest sonne D. Fernand and the Moores frontier to the Earle D. Nugno of Lara Hee had giuen order to haue a fleet prepared of many ships in the ports of Asturia Gallicia and Andalusia the which coasting along Spaine Languedoc and Prouence should attend him at Marseilles being furnished with many souldiers and great store of victuals sending with it the superfluous horses and baggage of his traine D. Alphonso marching through the country of his father in law D. Iaime he came to Tarragone where he was honourably entertained by him then they arriued at Barcelona about Christmas in the yeere 1275. An. 1275. Alphonso stayed there with his traine six weekes being often aduised by the King of Arragon not to proceed giuing him many great and considerable reasons but there was no meanes to diuert him from this voyage beeing so farre aduanced Being come to Perpignan hee stayed some time to conclude of the time and place of their enterview the towne of Beaucaire was chosen and the Archbishop of Narbonne had commandement to goe and meet him and to conduct him Hee left the Queene his wife and his children at Perpignan except D. Sancho whom he sent into Castille by the aduise of the King of Arragon and crossing Languedoc hauing the Archbishop for his guide he arriued at Beaucaire Pope and D. Alphonso King of Casâ—ille meet at Beaucaire whereas the Pope met him with some of the chiefe Cardinals the councel of Lyons being ended D. Alphonso treated of many matters with the Pope but he could not obtaine any thing that hee propounded He shewed him the nullity of Rodolphus election by many reasons complayning greatly of his confirmation making a great instance vpon that point in vaine Complaints requests of D. Alphonso to the Pope but in vaine but the Pope wanted no excuses Then he laied open to the Pope the reasons he had to the succession of the house of Suabe after the death of Conradin King of Naples and Sicile and Duke of Suabe who was inhumainly beheaded by the French at Naples in the yeere 1269. who hauing left no lawfull children the succession of the house belonged to him in the right of his mother D. Beatrix who was the right heire of that Dutchy whereon Rodolphus had to his preiudice seized besides he complayned of the French King who had intruded and seized vpon the realme of Nauarre which by ancient rights belonged to the house of Castille whereof he produced some reasons to iustifie his saying but all was in vaine finally he besought the Pope to be a mediator for the deliuery of D. Henry his brother who since the battaile and defeat of Conradin was prisoner in the hands of Charles King of Naples and Sicile D. Alphonso propounded many other things vnto the Pope but without any effect So as he spent the whole spring and part of the Sommer in this negotiation vntill that the Pope seauing him much discontented returned to Rome yet hee still vsed the title and armes of the Empire vntill that he was forced by censures to leaue them the Archbishop of Seuile hauing charge to intimate them vnto him 18. King D. Alphonso being busied in this vaine pursute the Moores Moorâ—â— his confederats and vassals of Spaine called in Aben Ioseph Miralmumin of Affrike thinking they might not onely shake off the Christians yoake but make some notable breach in the Estates of Leon and Castille the King being absent or at the least they should seize vpon Andalusia and for that wee haue often made mention of this King Iacob Aben Ioseph it is needful we should relate what he was and treate some thing of the Moores Estate in Affrike for that those of Spaine haue had their support from them The Miralmumin Aben Mahomad the old of the race of the Almohades beeing dead after he had lost the battaile of Muradal we made mention that his Grand-child called Caid Arrax raigned who was the sonne of Buxaf dead before his father Mahumet This Caid Arrax was the fifth King of Affrike of the race of the Almohades whose Empire extended from the West Ocean vnto Egipt There were many Admirals or Gouernors vnder him ruling the Prouinces among the which Gomorança Aben Zein of the Linage of Abdalues held that of Tremessen who behauing himselfe couetously and violently in his gouernment fell in disgrace with his King Caid Arrax so as carrying himselfe rebelliously the King came and besieged him in a castle called Tremezezir whereas a Moore cousin to Gomarança going out of the fort slue the Miralmumin seeming to yeeld vnto him and shewing him a place whereby the castle might be taken The army amazed at the death of their King was instantly set vpon by the garrison of Tremezezir being led by Gâ—mararça and put to flight Kingdome of Tremâ—ssâ—â— by which victory the Moore did appropriat that Prouince vnto himselfe causing himselfe to be called King of Tremessen and this was the beginning of that Kingdome At the same time there was in the city of Fez a family of Moores called the Benaotazes and Merines which descended from a famous Moore called Merin who had beene a Christian and became a Mahometist The chiefe of this house at that time was called Bucar Aben Merin and gouerned the city of Fez vnder the Miralmumin Caid Arrax after whose death and the defeat of his army by Gomarança before Tremezezir this Bucar Aben Merin fell vpon the Almohades which had escaped and gathered themselues together about Fez Realme of Fez. whom hauing put to rout he carried himselfe for King of Fez imitating that which his companion Gomarança Aben Zein had done in Tremessen and giuing a beginning to this new Kingdome A brother of his called Iacob Aben Ioseph vsurped in the same troubles the Principality in Ribat so as the Estate of the Almohades raigning in Maroc was then much decaied These being aduertised of the death of Caid Arrax Almorcada the sixt Miraâ—mumiâ— of Maroc
and brought to Toledo where they were buried with great sorrow of all the people taking it for a mournfull presage for the affaires of Spaine D. Gonçalo Bishop of Burgos succeded him in this dignity and was afterwards made Cardinal the first amongst all the Bishops of the Church They write that the Archbishop Don Sancho did not die fighting in the charge but that beeing taken there grewe debate betwixt some captaines Moores some striuing to lead him to the Miralmumin Iacob Aben Ioseph and others to King Mahumet and that the Gouernor of Malaga called Aben Atar arriuing foreseeing that by the contention for this prisoner there might happen some great slaughter amongst the captaines Moores he cast an Azagaye or Moorish dart at the Archbishop and peerced his belly through saying God forbid so many braue men should kil one an other for a dogge The day of this defeat there arriued D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay with a great number of souldiars horse and foote which he had sodainely leuied and lead by great iourneies towards the frontier by fauour whereof many which had remained at the battaile ioyntly with his troupes and without any delay went all ioyntly together to incounter the Moores who receiued them couragiously so as neither party could vant of the victory when as the night parted them The greatest deeds of armes in these incounters were done about the Archbishop D. Sanchos crosse the which he caused do be carried before him as primat and had fallne into the Moores hands but the Christians recouered it againe which made them hope for better 19 These losses were augmented by the death of the Infant D. Fernand the Viceroy being in villa Real since named city Royal where he attended the rest of his forces which were leauied in all the countries subiect vnto Castille Castille to goe himselfe in person to this warre Death of the Infant D. Fernand de Ia Cerde This Prince finding himselfe neere his end he recommended his eldest sonne D. Alphonso being but an Infant to D. Iohn Nugnes of Lara eldest sonne to the Earle D. Nugno coniuring him to take the charge and gard of him and of his right vnto the realme wherein he should by right succeed his grand-father Don Alphonso the wise the which Don Iohn Nugnes promised him and being dead he caused his body to bee carried to Burgos where it was buried in the Monastery of Las Huelgas The miseries which ensued brought the realme into great trouble and if God had not stayed the enterprises of the Infidels by some admirable and vnknowne meanes they were likey to haue giuen a great and mortall wound to the Christians Estate in Spaine but he spared them The Infant D. Sancho who had beene sent backe by King Alphonso from Perpignan being aduertised of his brothers death went with al speed to Villa Real where he was receiued by the army as Lieutenant to the King his father The Myralmumin not able to take Eccia Truce betwixt the Christians and Moores and finding the Christians forces to be much augmented he retired to Algezire and Tariffe and seeming to himselfe that he had done ynough and likewise the King of Granado they resolued to make a truce for two yeeres with the Christians a the which being concluded and sworne Iacob Aben Ioseph retired into Affrike holding still the townes of Tariffe and Algezire where he left good garrisons this was the successe of the Arabians warre King D. Alphonso being absent Being returned into Spaine about the end of the yeere 1276. An. 1276. he found the state in great disorder whereof he had beene alwaies aduertised during his aboad in France That which most grieued him was the death of his eldest sonne D. Fernand not without cause for his other sonne D. Sancho made shew that he had some disordred enterprise in his conceit the which he put in execution to the dishonor and preiudice of his father and elder brothers children wherein D. Lope Dias de Haro Lord of Biscay did animate councel and conduct him for as soone as the Infant D. Sancho arriued at Villa Real where his brother died D. Lope Dias came vnto him whereas D. Sancho knowing that he was ill affected to the King D. Alphonso and the deceased D. Fernand and his familiar friend he did freely acquaint him with the desire he had to reigne saying it was fit that he who was a knight D Sanchos reâ—â—tion to â—â—ssesse his â—â—â—ewes of 〈◊〉 Kingdome and had learned to gouerne a realme were it in warre or peace should reigne after his father rather then his Nephews the sons of his brother D. Fernand who were yet very yong hauing need to Regents Gouernors charges which were effected but great personages who by reason therof grew into quarrel one with the other to the oppression of the people and hazard of the Estate the which was chiefly to be feared in these reuolts tumults of the Moores who could imbrace such an occasioÌ„ to augment their Estate with the preiudice of the Christians intreating him to assist him to effect his deseigne adding therewithal great promises wherevnto D. Lope Diaz answered according to the Infants desire incorraging him to proceed in his enterprise with assurance to aide him with this resolution they past with the army by Cordoua and repulst the Moores in such sort as the Miralmumins retreat the abouementioned truce followed Herevpon the King D. Alphonso did somewhat stay his sonnes enterprise but not quite ouerthrow it for not long after D. Sancho not only assured himselfe to succeed his father in the Kingdome but would also raigne in his life time D. Iaime King of Arragon Arragon being intreated by the Castillans had inuaded the Moores by Marica during this warre but with as bad successe as the rest for his men were put to rout nere to Xatiua Death of D. lame of Arragon wheras D. Garcia Ortis of Açagra with many others were slaine The King resoluing to goe in person in his army being old and broken he fell sicke and died at Valencia whether he caused himselfe to be carried hauing raigned threescore yeeres and ten monthes A Prince whom Spaine and especially his realme of Arragon ought much to commend His vertues for his great pollitike and millitary vertues and his great zeale to the religion of his age They write of three notable precepts which hee gaue vnto D. Alphonso King of Castille being with him at Toledo That hee should make the townes and common people his friends against the Insolencies of great men That he should neuer punish offenders secretly His buildings and valour and that hee should neuer seeme fearefull in doing well The Authors of Arragon write that in his time hee built aboue two thousand Churches and Chapells and that he fought thirtie times in battaile against the Moores Hee left his sonne Don Pedro successor in his realme of Arragon Valencia and
the king gaue him many bitter and threatning words Mahumet either for feare or disdaine to haue beene threatened with iniurious words layed a plot with Ozmin who was already much discontented for the death of his sonne whome they had so little spared at the assault of the rocke of Martos and resolued together to kill king Ismael and to place in the royall Seate of Granado a Moore called Mahumet Aben Alhamar or the Vermell who descended from i the first king of Granado and carried the same name saying that the Crowne belonged more rightly to him then to Ismael who was allyed to these kings onely by the Mothers side This king was called to this Councell and they made a new confederacie with Ozmin who should bee readie in Armes with his friends and seruants whilest that Mahumet sonne to the Gouernour of Algezire with his father and another brother should execute the murther vpon the person of king Ismael These things beeing concluded the Conspirators entred into Alhambra of Granado and addressing themselues vnto the king they told him that they had some matters of great importance to impart vnto him desiring him to giue them audience in some retired place the which the king willingly graunted who beeing entred into a gallerie the father and the sonne marching before the king and his brother after with the great Prouost or Constable of Granado whom they called Alguazil Maior the two foremost turned suddenly vppon the king and gaue him two wouds vpon the head The Alguazil seeing this disloyaltie drew his sword to defend his king and fought so valiantly against these two traytors father and sonne as hee made them giue backe vnto the end of the gallerie and to enter into a chamber into the which hee shut them notwithstanding that the brother who was the third murtherer had wounded him behind in foure places who returning afterwards against the king gaue him a mortall wound in the shoulder The Alguazil hauing shut vp the two first came against the third and forced him to enter into an old cabinet into the which he also shut him Ismael king of Granado 〈◊〉 by 〈…〉 Beeing thus freed of the traytors this faithfull seruant came vnto the king whom he found grieuously wounded and almost fainting hauing taken him in his armes and carried him into a chamber in the which were his mother widow to Ferrachen and his wiues where leauing the cure and care of him to them hee went into the pallace Court of Alhambra where as he found many as well of the conspirators as of others which might haue heard the noyse and vnderstood something of the fact to whome hee sayd there was no great danger and that the kings wounds were light and hauing called some vnto him whom he knew faithfull vnto the king he entred with them into those places where as the traytors were shut and cut off their heads then he returned into the chamber where as the king was in the Phisitions and Surgeons hands but there was no more hope of life wherefore going out of Alhambra he met with Ozmin who came running at this noyse well accompanied and asked him of the kings life The Alguazil dissembling the truth answered that all was well intreating him to accompany him to seaze vpon those that were suspected to be of this conspiracie the which Ozmin durst not refuse thus of a traytor he became faithfull by constraint and running through the city of Granado they seazed vpon all the friends and seruants of the murtherer Mahumet and brought them into Alhambra where in the heate they were put to death In the meane time king Ismael breathed his last hauing raigned by force about nine yeares this was in the yeare 1322. and the 705. of the Arabians Mahumet the sixt K. of Granado TO him succeeded his sonne Mahomet the sixt by the meanes and dexteritie of the Prouost or Alquazil who hauing seene the kings death and keeping it as secret as he could he gaue the Noblemen and Knights Granadins to vnderstand that they should shew themselues in armes before the castell to receiue the Kings commandements and namely Ozmin who was not well assured in his conscience but studied what hee should do yet he came well followed The Nobility being assembled the Alguazil being faithfull to the king euen after his death taking the eldest to three sons which he had left in his armes he went out of Alhambra and declared the truth vnto the assembly how the king had benne slaine by the treason of Mahumet and what had followed and presenting the child who was but twelue yeares old vnto the knights hee recommended him vnto them and perswaded them to acknowledge him for their lawfull king Ozmin who was of greatest authority among them was wonderfully perpelxt and wauering in his discourses yet thinking that he should rule this Infant better then any other he was the first that gaue his consent saying Mahumet is our king His voyce was allowed by all that were present and the brute both of Ismaels death and of the election of Mahumet his sonne was dispersed through the town and soone after the new king was led through the streets and shewed vnto the Granadins who were discontended at this sudden change as wel by reason of the King murthered as of the hasty election of his sonne beeing so young yet it held good but notwithstanding that this young Mahumet obtained the Realme by a law full meanes yet his end was miserable being a familiar thing among the Arabians one to spoyle and dispossesse an other by wicked and cruell treasons as a people alwaies void of all good gouernement Such of the conspirators as were not taken fled among the which was Mahumet Aben-Athamar who in time returned to Granado and raigned as we shall hereafter shew What past in Nauarre during the raigne of Philip the Long Nauarre who dyed about the time of these reuolutions in Granado we find not any thing worth the relating only mention is made of a Gouernor for the king in that Realme called Ponce of Morentain whome some terme Lord of Rossillon othes Vicont of Anay of Arnaud of Barbastan Bishop of Pampleona D. Martin of Ayuar Standard-bearer of the Realme D. Iuigo Peres de Rada a Knight D. Iohn Arnaud of Espeleta of the Abbot of Lerin of D. Martin Iuanes of Vrris D. Pedro Ximenes of Mirafuentes D. Garcia Martines of Ollaoqui Diego Martines of Vrris and Martines of Arletta knights who made the Councell of state of that Realme The end of the thirteenth Booke SEMPER EADEM THE FOVRTEENTH BOOKE of the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 CHarles the Faire first of that name the 28. king of Nauarre troubles in the Realm vnder the Gouernors his marriages 2 Excesse massacres and spoyling of the Iewes in Nauarre 3 Ieanne daughter to Lewis Hutin Queene of Nauarre and in her right Philip of Eureux accounted for the 29. King of Nauarre and the third of that name Articles
need of any enemies for that he feared the King of Castile caused the trouble of Borja to cease and commanded the Brittons to deliuer the Infant D. Pedro who beeing carried to Tudelo Oliuer of Maulny was also deliuered As for the marriage although the King of Arragon did much desire it yet the King of Nauarre hauing retired his sonne did not much care for it meaning first to see what should become of the broiles of Castile 21 The King D. Pedro the cruell Castile victorious but insolent and treacherous as of custome could not conteine himselfe within the bounds of modesty and reason neither to his subiects nor to strangers English French and others who had seated him in his Kingdome There were great controuersies amongst them for prisoners and ransomes D Pedro King of Castile discontents the English and other strangers and the souldiars pay yet after much disputing there was some kinde of agreement D. Pedro King of Castile sent D. Pedro Fernandes Peres of Ayala with the Deputies of the Prince of Wales to put them in possession of the Lordship of Biscay and Castro of Ordiales according vnto their accords but the Biscains beeing aduertised that what the King did was onely to content the Prince of Wales and to shew that hee had a will to performe his promise but not that he had any meaning to maintaine it besides that of their owne dispositions they did abhor the command of strangers they would neuer receiue these Deputies nor consent that they should be put in possession of their country which was the cause of great troubles The King seeming to bee much discontented at these difficulties made a sollemne oth in the chiefe Church of Burgos that hee would put the Prince of Wales in possession of the Siegneuries of Biscay D. Pedro seeing himselfe restored to his Realme he desired to know what the destynies did promise him and therefore he demanded aduice of a councellor to the King of Granado called Aben-Hatin a great and learned Astrologian and Phylosopher who sent him a letter full of learning saying that hee must looke vnto his owne carriage and how hee gouerned his subiects for thereon depended the continuance of his raigne Holy aduertisments of a Phylosopher Moore to D. Pedro. either long or short and the continuance of the scepter in his family adding many precepts the which if hee had duly obserued without doubt he had raigned securely in peace but hee fel into his frenezies and cruelties the which did so estrange the hearts of those which abhorred his forepassed tyranies as his fall must needes bee miserable Hee parted from Burgos and went to seeke meanes to content the English commanding that as soone as he should bee out of the city they should put to death Ruy Ponce Palomeque and some others whom hee had caused to be put into the castle of Burgos Being come nere vnto Toledo he would haue hostages of the Inhabitants for his assurance and there hee put to death seuenteene of the chiefe of the city then hee went to Cordoua from which place he sent to Seuile that they should put to death Gil Bocanegra D. Iohn Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchene and Alphonso Aluares of Quadros with an other called Alphonso Fernandes Hee caused many to be disparched at Cordoua before hee came to Seuile where beeing arriued hee caused Donna Vrraca Osorio mother to D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman to bee slaine and Martin Iames his high treasorer taking great delight in his murthers and reuenges vpon these miserable creatures for that he had not found them ready to follow his fortune or for some other discontentment forgeting that for such inhumanities and tyranies he had beene once cast out of Spaine He caused D. Martin Lopes of Cordoua maister of Calatraua A Moore more kinde then D. Pedro a Christian King to be apprehended and would haue put him to death but the King of Granado demanded him in guift and did so much as he saued his life He had done more if time and meanes had permitted but God preuented him for D. Henry stayed not long to depriue him both of realme and life After the losse of the battaile D. Henry came into the country of Foix where beeing well entertained by the Earle and furnished with all things befitting such a knight hee went to Auignon whereas Pope Vrbain the fifth did raigne who did loue and esteeme him much and therefore he receiued him courteously and delt with Lewis Duke of Aniou brother to the French King and Gouernor of Languedoc to giue him meanes to raise a new army to returne into Spaine whether many friends recalled him assuring him that the cruelties which the King D. Pedro continued prepared him the way to recouer his good fortune and that now there was not any difficulty to settle him firmely neither need they feare that D. Pedro should finde fauour or succors with the English whom he had defrauded of their pay and recompences promise and sent home discontented D. Iranne wife to D. Henry and his children finding themselues not very safe in Arragon by reason of the friendship that was betwixt the King of Arragon and the Prince of Wales they had past into France whereas they remained in the castle of Perapertuse vnto the end of the warre such was the diligence of D. Henry and of his friends as hee obtained from the King fiue thousand pounds starling in ready money and liberty to leauy souldiars within his Realme D. Henry bastard of Castile aided againe by the French Hee had also succors both of money and men from the Duke of Aniou from Guy Cardinal of Bologne and other Noblemen of France beeing incensed against the King D. Pedro the murtherer of Queene Blanthe of Bourbon his wife notwithstanding D. Henry found many great difficulties an ordinary thing for those that are in aduersity for the French King feared least the English should take it ill that he gaue succors vnto their enemy and to make such a preparation for warre as was necessary he had neede of a great masse of money which was the greatest hindrance of his affaires Some therevpon write that in one day hee caused all the money to be seized on that was in Auignon in marchants and Banquers hands the Pope giuing his consent and hee promising vpon the faith of a Prince to restore it In the end he had meanes to raise a good army but before he began to march he had certaine newes that the Prince of Wales was returned into Guienne much discontented with the King D. Pedro and moreouer that all the Prouince of Guipuscoa except Saint Sebastien and Guetaria the townes of Biscay Segobia Vailledolit Palence Auila Guadalajara Salamanca Medina del Campo Toro Almedo Areualo Coca Madrigal Carrion Sepulueda Aillon Atiença Illescas with many other forts held his party Whilest that D. Arragon Henry ptopares to passe into Spaine some of the English and French souldiars returning
had the gouernement of the Church who gaue credit to the image of Saint Marie of Nieua and beganne to build the Church thereof the which was afterwards augmented by the Queene Donna Catherina This image was sound by one Peter who for that cause was furnamed Of good aduenture who hauing found it aduertised the bishop It is much reuerenced by the Spaniards who hold that shee doth wonderfull and great miracles The yeare 1400. at what time the Iubile was the Spaniards going about to set vp a An. 1400. great Bell in the Church at Seuile all the people being assembled and the King D. Henry being in the tower a sudden tempest with lightning slue many scattered the rest and amazed the whole citty In the yeare 1401. 1401. there was some likelihood of an agreement betwixt the Kings of France and Castile and Pope Benedict attending the determination of a general Councel The Christian Princes which did acknowledge him besides these were the kings of Arragon Nauarre Scotland Cypres and the Duke of Sauoy The rest of the Potentats did adhere vnto Pope Boniface residing at Rome but Benedict was not long in quiet for the Cardinals and Clergie which were about him whereof the chiefe was Iohn of Nouacastello Cardinall of Ostia borne in Burgondy rebelled against him being fauoured and sollicited by the French yea there were sent to Auignon by the duke of Orleance brother to king Charles Robin of Bracamont and William of Mollon who set guards about the Popes pallace â—â—ards set aâ—out the Popes pallace and kept him as it were prisoner for that hee would not voluntarily relinquish his Popedome But the king of Arragon mediating for him he sent Don Iames Prades his Constable who procured him his libertie and that hee should be obeyed in the Countie of Venice In this tumult there were onely three Cardinals which shut themselues vp with the Pope which were Pampelona Girone and Saint Adrian many men of accompt endured much especially Nauarrois and aboue all Don Martin of Salua Cardinall of Pampelona Don Bertrand of Gramont Pronotarie and Master of the sacred pallace and others This Pope aduanced to the Archbishoprick of Toledo a nephew of his sonne to his brother D. Iohn Martin of Luna beeing Doctor of the Canon law and administrator of the church of Tarragone he was also called D. Pedro de Luna but he was not so soone consecrated The affaires of Castile being reasonable quite the Infant Don Fernand the Kings brother and Duke of Pegnafiel was perswaded by some Noblemen to take vppon him the gouernement of the Realme pretending that the king D. Henries infirmitie and continuall paine was the cause he could not intend it so as many things succeeded not well but this was but a cloake to couer the enuie which they bare to D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos Constable of Castile on whom the king relyed giuing him great authority in all things thoroughout the Realme Famiâ—y of Auaâ— lâ—s issued â—ot of Nauarre This Constable was borne at Vbeda of meane parentage but honest whose auncestors came out of Nauarre he was a man of great courage and singular iudgement in matters of warre or in any other charge that was committed vnto him It therefore grieued these Noblemen of great houses to be commanded by him seeking to thrust forward the Infant D. Fernand to disturbe the State But D. Fernand was no fit instrument for their desseins for if there were euer an obedient brother and patient in all things it was he besides being of a slow spirit affaires of great consequence did ouercharge him neither did he willingly vndertake them Finally he was a louer of peace and enemie to warre and tumults For these causes he reiected them that would haue him gouerne shewing them the inconueniences and scandals which would grow by such enterprises exhorting them that if his brother did not seeme vnto them very profitable by reason of his infirmities they should attend the remedie from the prouidence of God with patience This Prince Don Fernand was as we haue sayd married to D. Leonora Countesse of Albuquerque who was heire to many Estates in Spaine For besides the Earledome of Albuquerque and the fiue townes of Infantazgo the townes of Haro Bironâ— Cerezo Vilhorado Ledesma Codesera Azagala Alconchel Medellin and Alconeta were of her patrimony besides the which king Iohn had giuer her Villalon and Vruegna in exchange of other places She was first called Vrraca but she changed it she was a vertuous Ladie and noble in all her actions hauing many children by her husband as we will shew treating of the affaires of Arragon In the yeare 1403. the riuer of Guadalquibir did so swell as it came ouer the wals of Seuile and couered the houses in the lower parts with great losse of men and goods To preuent which accident the diligence of Alphonso of Toro Gouernour for the iustice of that city is much commended The yeare 1405. 1405. Genealogie of Castile was happie and ioyful to the Castillans by reason of the birth of the Infant Don Iohn heire of those Realmes in the towne of Toro Queene Katherine hauing had before D. Maria at Segobia in the yeare 1401. who was Queene of Arragon A while after she brought the king another daughter called Katherine by the mothers name and was future wife to D. Henry Master of Saint Iames third sonne to the Infant D. Fernand. Pope Boniface the ninth being dead a little before seuen Cardinals did chuse the Archb. of Rauenna called Cosmat borne at Sulmona in the realme of Naples being Cardinal of S. Cruz Innocent the 7. chosen Pope in the place of Boniface the 9 whom they named Innocent the 7. So as the schisme continued stil in the Romish Church His competitor Benedict passed the alpes and came to Genoua to conferre with some Potentates of Italy of the meanes how to cease the schisme Beeing there he did consecrate his nephew D. Pedro de Luna Archb. of Toledo and Primate of Spaine and moreouer made another Archb 9. Bishops and 8. Abbots Hee had in his traine that famous Preacher Vincent of the house of Ferreres of Valencia who then preached in the citty of Genoua and since in many other places and especially in Spaine with a great opinion of holines By the death of D. Diego Hurtado of Mendoça high Admirall of Castile which happened the same yeare there was aduanced to the place D. Alphonso Henriques younger brother to the Earle of Transtamara and to his lands and goods which were as great as any Noblemans in Castile succeeded his sonne D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça a famous personage D. Iohn of Castile one of the base sons of the king D. Pedro had secretly married himselfe in prison to the daugther of Bertrand Erillo his keeper of whom he begat Peter and Constance Constance was a Nunne in the Monasterie of S. Dominicke the royall of Madrid Peter being condemned to perpetuall prison escaped
speech of marriage betwixt his youngest daughter D. Beatrix and D. Iames sonne to the Earle of Vrgel of the bloud royall of Arragon the which by reason of certaine lets â—ooke no effect wherefore the King being returned he married her to Iames of Bourbon Earle of March one of the goodliest and actiue Princes of his time The marriage was celebrated in the city of Pamapelone in the yeere 1406. with great solemnity and concourse of the nobility of Spaine and France about the beginning of the warre of Granado and a little before the death of D. Henry King of Castile the newes whereof were greeuous to King Charles a great friend and allie to the house of Castile D. Iohn the second of that name 18. King of Castile 39. of Leon. THe heat of the warre against the Moores was somewhat quenched by the death of King Henry Castile leauing his sonne and successor in his realmes an Infant in his swathling clothes being but two and twenty monthes old For it behoued to haue a speedy care of that which was necessary for the peace of the Realme wherein the Queene D. Catherine and the Infant D. Fernand duke of Pegnafiel Factions in Castâ—â—e after the Kings death appointed Gouernors by the testament of the deceased King imployed all their care but they could not keepe the noblemen from entring into factions and as the gouernment of two is neuer firme they were the first which diuided themselues The prelats noblemen and deputies of townes which were in court assembled againe in Toledo Some perswaded the Infant D. Fernand duke of Pegnafiel to take vpon him the title of King promising to maintaine and defend him alledging that it was no new thing in Spaine when as the deceased Kings children were young and not fit to gouerne or they left none but daughters that the royall Scepter was put into the vncles hands or of some other Prince of the bloud a man of fit age and endowed with wisdome to gouerne the affaires of that realme producing many examples of D. Sancho the fourth who had beene receiued for King and the children of his elder brother being yet young reiected and of the King D. Henry his grandfather who had raigned with the consent of the Spaniards although he were a bastard to the prejudice of D. Constance Dutchesse of Lancaster being then eldest daughter to the King D. Pedro with other examples more antient as well of Castile as of the first Kings of Leon either well or ill reported That the vrgent affaires of the realme and the warre of Granado which was begunne required that he should reigne and the troubles which he had lately seene in his brothers time did aduertise him to preuent others which were a breeding if Castile should receiue an Infant of two and twenty monthes for King The Infant D. Fernand was not well pleased with these perswasions but the Constable D. Ruy Lopes of Aualos hauing in a publike assembly required openly that they would raise him to the royall throne of Castile being a plot laied among the noblemen thinking that most voices would choose D. Fernand he made an answere of rare example The Iusant D. Fernand refuseth the realme of Castile and persisted therein and to whom the said he belongs the realme but to my Nephew D. Iohn sonne and onely heire to the King D. Henry my brother Thus by this conscientious Prince the crowne of Castile and Leon was preserued for the Infant who was then at Segobia with the Queene Donna Catherine his mother whether the duke of Pegnafiel went with the other noblemen after the funerals of the deceased King The breeding vp of the young King was left in the mothers charge who made great instance against D. Iohn of Velasco and Diego Lopes of Estuniga who demanded it according vnto the fathers will to stop whose mouthes and to giue them some content there was presently giuen them twelue thousand florins of gold The will being read and an oth taken the Queene and the Duke charged themselues with the gouernment of the King swearing in the hands of D. Iohn of Illesca Bishop of Siguença and promising the obseruation of the lawes rights and preuiledges of the realme Prouinces and cities thereof But within few daies of Queene and D. Fernand disagreed in their commands The Queene being a woman was gouerned by an other woman of Cordoua called Leonora Lopes without whose aduice she did not any thing no not that which was resolued in councell so as without the dukes great modesty and patience the realme had beene full of seditions and great confusion It was ordained that the King should haue three hundred launces for his gard and the Duke two hundred the which did much displease euery man of iudgement And for that the souldiars which were vpon the frontier were not paied and endured much there was drawne out of the Kings cofers twenty millions of Marauidies vpon condition it should be repaied out of the first of the Kings reuenues that should be receiued or others that should be leauied Whilest they were attentiue about these affaires at Segobia the Marshal of Castile Fernando Garcia of Herrera being in Lorca entred into the country of Granado to surprise some moores who had their retreat at Vera but for want of ladders he could not effect it Some daies after he incountred with other troupes neere vnto Xurena where hauing defeated them he entred into the towne but he could not take the castle wherefore the Christians retired hearing that a great number of Moores came to charge them These petty exploits did somewhat kindle the warre of Granado wherein the Infant D. Fernand desired to imploy himselfe Difficulties increasing in Segobia Gouernment Castile diuided betwixt the Queene mother and the Duke of Pegnafiel in respect of the gouernment it was thought fit Donna Catherine the Queene mother and D. Fernand duke of Pegnafiel should diuide it betwixt them so as the places remoat from all tumults of warre and within the country should be at the Queenes disposition which were the dioceses of St. Iames Tuy Astorga Ouiedo Leon Zamora Salamanca Ciudad Roderigo Auila Segobia Osma Burgos and Calaorra And vnder the dukes charge should remaine the Archbishopriks of Toledo and Seuile and the Bishoprikes of Cuenca Siguença Carthagena Caliz Cordoua Iaen Badajos Coria Plaisance Lugo Mondonedo Palence and Orençe with certaine conditions vpon the iudgement of suits and other things The King of Granado hauing for his allies and assistants in this warre the petty Kings of Tunes and Tremessen he caused his army to march towards Priego And at the same time the Duke of Pegnafiel went towards the frontier and came to Seuile There were many light incounters sometimes with gaine sometimes with losse the towne of Zaara the castle of Andito Priego Cagnete Las Cueuas and Ortexica were taken from the Moores The strength of the Moores army was about Iaen and yet they durst not giue battaile
himselfe finding the councell not plyable to his affections transferred it to Ferrara and from thence to Horence In this councell of Basill the Fathers beeing assembled they were spectaters of a combate betwixt a gentleman of a Portugal race but borne in Castile called Iohn de Merle and Henry of Rauestan a knight of Bourgondie who fought on foot and the Bourgondian was vanquished The same de Merle had a little before fought a combate on horsebacke with the like happinesse in the cittie of Arras against Peter of Brecemont Lord of Charny in the presence of D. Philip. King Edward hauing finished his fathers funerals and all solemnities oaths reception of fealtie and homage and other accustomed duties at the first comming of Kings hee assembled the Estates of his Realme at S. Iren An. 1434. in the yeare 1434. to consult concerning the gouernement thereof from thence there was an ambassador sent to the councell of Basill which was D. Diego Earle of Oren beeing accompanied with many learned men and Prelates of Portugal and then the warre against the Moores was propounded after the example of Kings his Predecessors It was also held conuenient to continue that which King Iohn had begun in Affricke for the execution whereof he obtained a Croisado from the apostolike Sea of Rome by the meanes of the Earle of Oren who brought the Bull into Portugall The King of Castile also sent many of his Prelates and Diuines to the Councell Castile during the which Don Alphonso Carillo Bishop of Siguença and Cardinall dyed whose Bishoppricke was giuen to his Nephew carrying the same name who in time came to be Archbishop of Toledo The ambassadors for the king of Castile at this councell were D. Aluaro of Osorno Bishop of Cuenca D. Iohn de Sylua Lord of Cyfuentes Standard-bearer to the king and Doctor Alphonso of Carthagena Deane of S. Iames and Segobia sonne to D. Pablo Bishop of Burgos which Bishoppricke Don Alphonso obtayned in his life time Controuersie betwixt England and Castile for precedencie he being preferred to be Patriarke of Aquilea There falling out a great question in the councell betwixt the ambassadors of England and Castile for the precedence this Doctor Don Alphonso of Carthagena did so well defend the preheminence of the crowne of Castile and gaue such pertinent reasons for the dignity and prerogatiue therof as the fathers gaue the precedence to the ambassador of Castile wherein the Doctor was held to haue done great seruice to his countrie of Spaine whereof he himselfe hath made a treatise notwithstanding Raphael Volaterran in his third booke and last chapter sayth That in the time of D. Fernand the 5. this cause was pleaded againe at Rome and ended in fauor of the king of England who had giuen sentence by prouision without any great examination of the cause Returning to the politicke affaires of Castile the King D. Iohn being aduertised that Don Fredrick of Arragon D. Frederick of Arragon Earle of Luna a prisoner in Castile Earle of Luna would haue seized vppon the citty of Seuile he caused him to be apprehended at Medina del campo and to be carried to the Castle of Braçuelos which is neere vnto Olmedo where he ended his dayes and many of his confederates were put to death who for that cause were brought to Medina del campo The warre begun in Granado continued with variable successe for after the taking of Benamaruel by Don Diego of Ribera Lord of Val de Corneja Gouernor of the fronter of Andalusia attempting the towne of Alora hee had beene slaine by the Inhabitants and them that defended it after whose death the King gaue the gouernement to D. Pedro Alfan his sonne a young man but fifteene yeares old Don Roderigo Manriques somwhat to ease this losse tooke the towne of Huescar by scalado and the castle afterwards by â—ight for the recouerie of which place there were enterprises and incounters betwixt the Christians and the Moores all that yeare 1434. in the which dyed D. Iohn of Contreras Arch-bishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine and to him succeeded D. Iohn of Crezuela brother by the mothers side to the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna About that time the king of Castile gaue vnto the Earle of Armagnac who had alwaies shewed himself his great friend and partizan in the wars against Nauar the towns of Cangas and Tinco with the title of an Earle and there arriued at Madrid ambassadors from Charles the 7. the French king to renew the league betwixt France and Castile to whom the king gaue audience in great state and sitting on a high throne he gaue them a good and friendly answer who after much feasting were sent home well satisfied there they did see a tame lyon lying at the kings feet a thing which is not ordinarie The same yeare dyed D. Henry of Villena Death of Don Henry of Villena the kings vncle son to D. Pedro and nephew or grand-child to D. Alphonso of Arragon who had beene Marquis of Villena and first Constable of Castile a Prince abusing learning wherein he had beene bred giuing himselfe to infamous Magicke arts whereof he had written many treatises the which by the kings commandement and by the censure of Friar Lopes of Barientos then Schoole-master to D. Henry Prince of the Asturia's were for the most part burnt The king beeing in pilgrimage at Guadalupe Defeate of the Master of Alcantara by the Moores D. Guttiere of Soto maior the new Master of Alcantara being entred into the Moores countrie with 800. horse and 400. foot was surprized and compassed in by the Moors in a streight passage so as there hardly escaped an hundred of his whole troupe This crosse shold haue admonished him of the bad office he had done his vncle and the Infant D. Pedro the which although they would couer with a colour of the kings seruice yet was it a plotted treason D. Fernand Aluares of Toledo Lord of Val de Corneja had bin also in danger if he had not speedily retired from Huelma which hee sought to force hauing failed to take it by scalado for a great number of Moores marched to fight with him and hee had not sufficient forces to resist them Hauing retyred with his men to Taen he entred by Guadix scoured the country and was sharply incountred by the Moores who notwithstanding were vanquished D. Fernand Aluares spoiling two leagues round about Guadix The truce betwixt Castile Nauarre and Arragon beeing expired in the yeare 1435. there came ambassadors to the court of Castile Arragon from the Queenes of Arragon and Nauar to beseech the king for a propagation of the truce in the absence of their husbands which the king granted them for some moneths the which was the sooner obtained by their sending of D. Iohn de Luna the Constables cousin who gouerned the king his Master These two kings breethren were gone into Italy to poursue the realme of Naples where
of Alba D. Inigo Lopes of Mendoça Don Lope of Barrientos newly made Bishop of Cuenca and then the Earle of Haro came and ioyned with him On the other side the Admirall the Earles of Benauent and Castro Don Pedro of Quignones D. Iohn of Tobar beeing sent by the K. of Nauarre entred into Olmedo with a thousand horse the which being ioyned to them which the king of Nauarre and the Infant had brought and gathered together made about fiue and twenty hundred horse Matters beeing readie to be decided by an ineuitable battell the king of Nauarre hauing no will to hazard himselfe Confederats beseeged in Olmedo hee demaunded a parle of the king of Castile of some Knights of either part the which being granted the Admiral and the Earle of Benauent of the one side and the Bishop of Cuenca and the Constable on the other conferred together many times the King of Nauarre in a manner demanding no other thing but that they should restore to him the Infant D. Henry the Earle of Castro and others of the league their lands and estates but as for the gouernement of the Realme and quarrels with the Constable hee made not any mention The Bishop vsing his accustomed pollicy prolonged this treaty all he could knowing that D. Guttiere of Soto-major master of Alcantara should come within few daies to the campe with sixe hundred horse by which supply the king of Castile being euery way the stronger he did hope to see his enemies wholly defeated and forced to yeeld to his and the Constables mercie The coâ—ference being ended without any conclusion Demand of the confederats of the King of Castile the king of Nauarre and the confederates sent Lope of Angulo and the Licentiat Cuellar his Chancelor to the campe to acquaint the king of Castile with the miseries and losses which do follow a battel whereunto the Constable respecting only his priuate interest aspired tyrannously for the fruits which he gaped after by the death of the best Knights of Castile wherefore hee should do a thing worthie of himselfe to chase away this man arrogant of the authoritie which he held vnworthily and decree that they might bee heard in iustice in some citie or other place of the Realme whither they should come like men of peace not bringing with them aboue ten men vpon moyles else they protested that they would make their complaints vnto the Pope and that the miseries which should follow should be by his fault The king answered that he would take order requiring to haue this demand in writing Two dayes after Prince Henry going to view Olmedo Prince Henry made to runne away with certaine light horse hee was charged by the enemies who sallyed out of the towne who made him to flie shamefully to the campe the which did so much displease the king his father as instantly refusing to heare any more speech of an accord he caused his Standard to be displayed and his men to be put into battell the Constable leading the foreward with eight hundred men at armes the Prince the battell with foure hundred men at armes and the king the reereward with sixe hundred men at arms besides the light horsemen which were very many and diuided into these ordonances the which hee made to stand firme aboue an hower in view of Olmedo to see if the king of Nauarre would come foorth who beeing wonderfully incensed at this brauado although he had not equall forces to his aduersarie yet like a couragious Prince he would needs go foorth to fight contrarie to the aduice of many it beeing late opposing his squadron and that which the Earle of Castro led against Prince Henry and the Infant his brother the Admirall the Earle of Benauent Pedro of Quignones and Fernand Lopes of Saldaigne with the rest of the forces against the Constable of Castile Battel of Olmedo llst by the k. of Nauar and so began the battell about two houres before Sunne-setting whereas the king of Nauarre and the confederates notwithstanding their endeauours were vanquished and it was happie for them that approching night parted them and kept the victors from pursuing of their enemies so as notwithstanding that they did fight with great resolution and obstinacie yet there were but seuen and thirtie slaine vppon the place and about two hundred dyed after of such as had beene wounded in the battel The King of Nauarre and his brother D. Henry who was sore hurt in the left hand retired to Olmedo the Earle of Benauent fled as farre as Pedraza the Admirall was taken by a Squire called Peter of Carera who notwithstanding brought him to his owne house at the tower of Lobaton many Noblemen and others in number aboue two hundred were taken Among which the chiefe were the Earle of Castro and a sonne of his called Don Pedro of Sandouall Alphonso of Alarcon D. Henry Henriques the Admirals brother Fernand of Quignones Diego of Londogno sonne to Sancho Roarigo of Aualos nephew to Don Ruy Lopes of Aualos sometimes Constable of Castile and Don Pedro of Quignones but he found meanes to escape The rest of the confederates armie fled to diuers parts and was not pursued by reason of the night The King of Castile much pleased with this victorie sent commandement throughout his whole Realme that they should make bon fires in signe of ioy and hee caused a chappell to be built vppon the place of fight which he named the holy Ghost of the battell and hauing the day after sent Guttiere Sanches of Aluarado prisoner to Vailledolit he caused his head to be cut off Before midnight the king of Nauarre and the Infant his brother going out of Olmedo with such forces as they had they tooke the way of Portillo and by Fonte Duegna they came to Daroca and from thence to Calatajub where as the Infant Don Henry dyed of the wound which he had receiued in the hand Death of Don Henry Infant of Arrrgon it being inflamed his bodie was at that time layed in the chappell of D. Iohn de Luna in that city and afterwards transported to Poblete whereas the king Don Fernand his father lyes He left his wife Donna Beatrix with child who was afterwards deliuered of a son who was called Don Henry of Arragon and by surname the Fortunate Infant His death was the more grieuous to the King of Nauarre for that it happened in an vnseasonable time after the losse of a battelâ— besides seeing himselfe depriued of such a brother it did but increase his griefe for the late death of his two sisters the Queenes of Castile and Portugall there remayning not any oâ— so many children which the deceased King Fernand his father had left League of the king of Nauar wholy dissolued but onely he and Don Aâ—phonso king of Arragon who was in a manner continually resident at Naples and had no lawfull children By this losse the king of Nauarre was wholy abandoned by
of Langa During his small aboad in this place hee had newes that Queene Isabel his wife was brought in bed of a Sonne at Tordesillas who was named D. Alfonso The yeare following the King beeing at Auila hee sent for D. Lopes of Barriento Bishop of Ciqueça and Friar Gonçal of Illesca Prior of the Monastery of Guadalupe to make them of his counsell to the ende that hee might by their aduice reforme the great abuses past An. 1454. to effect the which hee resolued to rayse a power of eight thousand lances with an ordinary entertaynment and many other things Being in this discours hee felt himselfe to be much troubled with a quartaine ague which had held him some-time yet hee did not forbeare to trauell to Madrid and from thence to Vaylledolit where the Queene his wife was leauing the whole gouernment of his Realmes to the aboue named Bishop and Prior. His sicknesse increasing he made his testament and left to Queene Isabel the city of Soria Death of D. Iohn King of Castile with the townes of Madrigal and Areualo and to his sonne D. Alphonso the administration of the Maistership of Saint Iames whom hee would willingly haue made heire of his crowne and King of Castile and Leon if it had beene lawful so much he did mislike Prince Henry his eldest son for his disobedience and lightnesse To his daughter D. Isabella he gaue the towne of Cuellar with a great quantity of gold for her dowry He did not long suruiue his Constable but died of the violence of his quarten ague at Vailledolit in Iuly the same yeere 1454. hauing held the Realm 47. yeers being 49. yeeres old and fiue months his body was for that time lâ—ied in the Monastery of St. Pablo of Vailledolit to be transported to the Carthusians of Mirefleurs at Burgos as he had ordained by his testament The Constables death had reconciled the King of Nauarre vnto him and restored all the other Noblemen to fauour yea the Admiral D. Frederic who was then fled into Arragon notwithstanding hauing made to much hast to re-enter into Castile without an ample licence from the King hee had commandment to goe backe and not to returne into Castile vnlesse he were sent for vpon great penalties This King had resolued to make warre against D. Alphonso King of Portugal for the descoueries which he made vpon the Westerne coast of Affrike beyond Cap Verd towards Guinee saying these conquests did belong to the crowne of Castile but death brake of this desseigne and continued the peace of Portugal The Estate of which Realme after the death of King Edward had beene gouerned by the Infant D Pedro Portugal in quality of a Regent chosen by the Estates by reason of King Don Alphonsos yong yeeres D. Pedro had for his greatest Aduersary his brother D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos and his sonnes the Earles of Oren and Arroyolos notwithstanding which contention King D. Alphonso beeing come to the age of sixteene yeeres married at Saint Iren with Donna Isabella daughter to the Infant D. Pedro receiuing the nuptial blessing from the hand of D. Fernand Archbishop of Braga D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos sonne to King Iohn had obtained in the yeere 1448. of his brother D. Pedro Regent of the realme although they were in quarrell the Estate of Brangance in title of a Dutchie and the castle of Lotero by the decease of Don Gonçalo who held all those places This good turne was ill requited by the new Duke for he seeing him make no shew to giue ouer his Regency notwithstanding that the King had beene declared capable to gouerne his realme himselfe and being married he put a conceit into the Kings head that the Infant D. Pedro had caused Queene Leonora his mother to be poisoned in Castile and that he sought to doe the like to him that he might seize vpon the crowne For this cause the king did persecute D. Pedro his vncle so as he forced him to retire to Coimbra of which hee was Duke Being much incensed at this iniury hee had certaine practises with them of Lisbone to giue him entry and support in that city with his partisans and friends whereof he had many meaning to rebel against the king his Nephew These practises being discouered the king gathered together all the men he could with great secrecy to surprise D. Pedro vpon the point of the execution of his enterprise and came and incountred him as he was comming to Lisbone at a place called Aforrâ—beira Defeat and death of the Infant D. Pedro Duke of Coimbra where hauing fought with him vanquished and slaine him hee ended those troubles It may be the Infant was innocent of the death of Queene Leonora but if it be true that he caused poyson to be giuen her hee was paied with the like money for hee was slaine with a poisoned arrow There died many good knights in this battaile and amongst others D. Alâ—aro of Almada Earle of Abranches They did for a long time refuse to burie the Infants bodie in the royall Monastery of the battaile an argument of the kings great hatred and of the Duke of Bragança's against him yet they had cause to lament him for they wanted him in the Gouernment The duke of Bragance soone after demaunded the City of Porto and the towne of Guimaranes of the king the which hee gaue him Guimaranes receiued him but Porto would not in any sort for they would maintaine themselues for the king and so did Portalegre which the king had giuen vnto the Earle Don Sancho of Logrogno brother to D. Constance the Duke of Braganca's second wife being sister also to D. Pedro Archbishop of Lisbone In the yeere 1451. Marriage of the Emperor Frederic the 3 and D. Leonora of Portugal Donna Leonora the Kings sister was married to the Emperor Frederic the third duke of Austria and the betrothing was in the city of Lisbone by the Noblemen that were deputed by him hauing ful power and authority who afterwards conducted their Empresse by sea to Pisa being accompanied by the Marquis of Valencia by D. Lewis Coutin Bishop of Coimbra D. Lope of Almada Earle of Abrantes and other Noblemen of Portugal whose marriage was celebrated at Siena the yeere following 1452 In the which King Alphonso had a sonne by his wife called D. Iohn which liued little That yeere the body of the Infant D. Pedro vncle and father in law to the King was taken from Alberca where it had beene interred and transported to the castle of Abrantes or at the least his bones The coast of Affrike Descoueries of the coast of Affrikâ— by the portugals which discontented the Castillans towards the Westerne and South seas were at that time descouered by the Portugals who brought gold from Guinny whereof King D. Alphonso caused a certaine coyne to be made which hee called Croisats by reason of the Croisadoe graunted by Pope Nicholas the fifth to make warre
An. 1458. one thousand foure hundred fifty eight where hee celebrated with great cost and royall magnificence the Funerals of the King Don Alphonso of Arragon dead at Naples hee committed an act in the behalfe of the Marquis of Villena scarce well digested This Marquis in regard of the affaires and gouernement of the kingdom had the same power and almost equall boldnesse which the Constable Aluaro de Luna had in the time of the King Don Iohn and hee would let nothing fall to ground which was profitable or commodious for him or his Now hee had a great desire to make a marriage betweene his eldest sonne Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco with the Countesse of Saint Steephen de Gormas Violent marriage of the Countesse of S. Stephen de Gormas and D. Diego Lopes Pacheâ—o daughter and heire to Don Iohn de Luna and Grandchild to the Constable Don Alâ—aro who at that time was in the gouernement of an vncle of his named also Don Iohn de Luna Nephew to the Constable who was Captaine of Soria and the Marquis did not onely practise the marriage of his eldest sonne with his Neece but also to dispossesse him of his Captaineship of Soria with other lands which he held For the obtayning whereof hee caused the King to haue him in suspition saying That hee was one of the conspiratours which were ioyned in league and confederacie against his seruice The King did easily and willingly beleeue this report made by the Marquis and feigning to ride on hunting hee came to Aillon where Don Iohn de Luna kept his residence who did receiue and feast both him and his trayne very sumptuously and with great magnificence who riding amongst the rest of the companie hee was no sooner entred into the fields but he was arrested as prisoner without knowing any cause or reason therof In the end hee was enioyned to dispossesse himselfe of Soria and other fortresses and places of strength and to receiue into them such garrisons as should please the king whereunto hee must needes obey on paine of loosing his head so as hee did not onely yeeld vp Soria but all that which did belong to the Countesse his Neece and her person also and so the Marquis had that which he desired The contempt of this Prince encreasing daily Don Alphonso Fajardo the chiefest Knight of Murcia Don Alphonso Faiardo 〈◊〉 contumelious rebel chastised holding a long time Carthagena Lorca and other places against the Kings will and these that ruled and gouerned him had likewise in a manner taken to himselfe by force the Master-shippe of Saint Iames and the Marquisate of Villena committing many outrages and insolencies vppon the lands and reuenues belonging to the King and Marquis beeing ayded and releeued sometimes by the Moores of Granado Against him Goâ—â—çalo de Sahauedra was sent with sixe hundred horse by whose care and diligence Don Alphonso lost all that which he held of his owne and other mens and so became a poore and miserable Knight hauing nothing left him but onely his sword and his cloake accounting and esteeming it for a great fauour and extraordinarie kindnesse to haue his life saued This man had his deserts and the King continued in his carelesnesse so as he was no more feared Aboue all the townes of his Kingdome the abode at Segobia and Madrid pleased him best because hee louing hunting better then affaires of consequence this Countrey beeing woody was very fit for it as also abounding in victuals and prouision for his Court The Kings Guard burthensome and super fluous which was very greatâ— for he did daily carrie about with him a guard of horse-men to the number of three thousand and sixe hundred Lances with an incredible expence wherewith his reuenues was charged to the vttermost the which his chiefe Treasurer Don Diego Arias In answer of K. Henry â—auoring of small iudgement like an honest and faithfull seruant put him in mind of on a time beseeching him to cut of so superfluous an expence you speake quoth he like Diego Arias but I will liue like a King and that was all the answer hee could receiue By his bountie and liberalitie he was well serued and attended on by diuers and in those dayes those of his Councell Chancerie and Iudges did discharge their duties very sufficiently In Areualo one of his Secretaries named Pedro de Tieda was put to death and others of his complices for counterfeiting the Kings letters and selling them for great summes of money Beeing in the cittie of Leon hee caused certaine Gentlemen to bee brought out of Gallicia which had dispossessed a Knight of his house hauing commanded their processe to be made they were there for the same put to death Such iust executions were sometimes done but he did greatly faile in other matters At the end of the yeare 1458. Queene Ioane made hir magnificent and royall entrie into the Cittie of Leon then they came to keepe Christmasse at Escalona where the Kings chiefe delight and recreation was in hunting and singing in the Church where he himselfe in his owne chappell would beare a part which in those dayes was the best furnished with cunning and experienced Musitians of any one particular place in the whole world The same yeare Don Alphonso King of Portugall led his armie into Affricke Portugal where he tooke the towne of Alcaçar distant sixe miles from Ceura his Vncle Don Henry and his brother Don Fernand Duke of Visâ—o accompanying him in that expedition Alcaçar was taken by meanes of certaine honest conditions and Don Edward de Meneses bastard sonne to Don Pedro de Meneses Earle of Viana who succeeded his father in the Earledome was left there as Gouernour After the kings returne into Portugall the Moores did indeauour but in vaine to recouer the place for the repayring and fortifying wherof the King caused a great quantitie of ground betweene the towne and the sea to be enclosed with a great and strong wall defended and guarded with towers the stone lime and other prouisions necessarie for such a worke of worth was by him brought from Portugall The yeare 1459. the King Don Henry of Castile Castile sent Don Inigo Lopes de Mendoça sonne to Don Inigo An. 1459. and brother to the Marquis of Santillana Ambassadour to the Councell held at Mantua by Pope Pius the second before times called Aeneas Syluius Picolomini who had newly succeeded Calixtus the third There with great deliberation and hope the warres against the Turkes was debated which in the end came to nothing and Don Inigo returned into Castile carrying home onely a Iubile of full remission of sinnes the collections whereof were so great and inestimable as hee therewith builded and erected the Monasterie of Saint Anne de la Pegna in his towne of Tendilla of the Order of Saint Iercome The King beeing returned to Madrid entertayned himselfe there a long time with feasts The loues and vanities
people at the seege of this castle retired himselfe to a strong hold from whence euery day he offered the King battaile A bloudy fight betwixt the Kings army and that 〈◊〉 D. Hugo de Caodona beeing come to fight the victory remained for a while doubtfull on either side but the last it fell to the King there died as well in this incounter as in the skirmishes of the seege more then fifteene hundred of the enemies and very neere as many on the Kings part so as hee had small occasion to reckon this victory in the number of his happy ones From thence the Kings army marched to the aide of the Archbishop of Tarragon whom those of Lerida and Ceruera held beseeged in a place very discommodious who freed him from thence In an other place Don Alphonso of Arragon obtained a great victory neere vnto the towne of Saint Colomba with whom the Kings army ioyning that place yeelded besides this the towne of Ceriall was taken by force and all the country thereabout whilest the Queene and the Earle of Foix in an other place tooke the towne of Moncada by assault with many other places which for feare yeelded vnto them Whilest the affaires of King Iohn succeeded well in Cattalogna Moores the King of Castile made open warres vpon the frontiers of Granada since the defeate of the Infant Haly Muly-Hacen wherein Don Iohn de Guzman the first Duke of Medina Sidonia sonne to Count Henry of Niebla who was drowned before Gibralter Gibralter taken by the Castillians made excellent proofe of his valor and good conduct and he had the good hap to subiect the city of Gibraltar to the crowne of Castile which his father had attempted in vaine The newes of this conquest were so pleasing to King Henry as amongest his other titles hee would bee called King of Gibraltar for this city had beene the chiefe in the Kingdome of Abomelech the Infant of Marocco sonne to King Alboacen of the kindred of the Merins This happie exploite was accompanied with the taking of the City of Archedona by the Maister of Calatraua Don Pedro Giron brother to the Marquis of Villena The keeping of Gibraltar was committed for that time to Pedro de Porras About this time diuers Princes and Potentates sent their Ambassadors to the King of Castile Castile namely from his cosin King Fernand of Naples from Pope Pius and the Colledge of Cardinals and from the Venetians who desired his perpetuall friendship and confederacy The Geneuois offered him fealty and homage and withall to become his subiects but King Henry contenting himselfe with his owne estates not being by nature ambitious did not desire to meddle in those forraine businesses albeit there wanted not diuers of his councell to animate him therevnto King Iohn hauing Nauarre and Arragon at Moncada ioyned his army with that of the Queene his wife and his sonne in law the Earle of Foix the councell thought it fit to send to beseege the City of Barcelona and it was so concluded notwithstanding that the King was of a contrary opinion The Barcelonois had receiued the aboue mentioned aide from Castile Barcelona erecteth the banners of Castile and resoluing neuer more to obey the King of Arragon they had set vp the banners of Castile the citty was very rich and greatly furnished with men and munition very strong in their walles and towers and excellently wel prouided of al things belonging to the sea by reason whereof they made sundry sallies and skirmishes with the Kings army to the great losse and hinderance thereof as well by land as by sea and namely they gaue chase to captaine Vilago who kept the sea from them with eight Gallies of Arragon so as the King thought it the best way to raise his seege after that hee had beene before it by the space of twenty daies causing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon to spoile the country round about the citty From thence the army marched to Villa-franca which was taken by force and there the King caused to be executed by order of law foure hundred of the Inhabitants beeing prouoked therevnto by the death of two French captaines which were slaine at his entery into the towne which became such a terror to the rest of the townes thereabouts as diuerse yeelded without any resistance at all They beseeged the city of Tarragon Tarragon yeelded to the king which at the first made resistance yet neuer sallied forth of their wals but when they beheld their fields burnt and the continual battery and assaults of the enemies their courage began to shrinke especially when the aide which was sent them from Barcelona was at their landing constrained to flie backe to their Gallies then with very easie conditions they yeelded to the King who left Roderigo of Rebolledo for their Gouernor he himselfe going backe to Ballaguer The Cattelans thus distressed sent new Ambassadors into Castile one of them was the Archdeacon of Girona who being ioyned to the Ambassador resident with King Henry made new offers of submission and full obedience vnto him beseeching him to intitule himselfe King of Arragon and Earle of Barcelona seeing that hee was assured that those dominions did by all diuine and humaine right belong vnto him and that now the voluntary consent of the people did inuite him therevnto requesting moreouer aide of souldiars The King of Castile beside this publique Ambassage was solicited therevnto by sundry Lords and other cities of Valencia and Arragon and to speake truely hee did greatly incline to their demaunds but the Archbishop of Toledo and the Marquis of Villena the Kings chiefe councellors after whose appetite the whole affaires of the Kingdome were gouerned were of a contrary opinion and peraduenture they had intelligence with King Iohn of Arragon but it was not certainely knowne whether it were so or no wherefore the businesse beeing debated on by the councell the Ambassadors receiued this answere that if they ment to haue any aide of souldiars it did then behoue them to bring store of money with them and as for the title to the crowne of Arragon and county of Barcelona King Henry would consider thereon with more mature deliberation The Ambassadors replied that if it would please the King to take their cause in hand and to shew himselfe openly in their defence as his subiects they would venture their heads if within threescore daies after they did not bring into the Kings coffers the summe of seuen hundred thousand florins of gold This seemed a dreame to the Archbishop and the Marquis for the summe was exceeding great for those times and they two hauing an other purpose wrought so well as king Henry not onely refused their offers but withdrew himselfe wholy from the warre of Arragon giuing them to vnderstand that he had rather with the helpe of the French King mediate a good peace for them Now the Marquis and the Archbishop did purpose The King
on all parts and the beseeged made diuerse braue sallies vpon the enemies D. Pedro who named himselfe King did desire to succour Tortosa but being with his forces on the way he died by poison as it is reported in the City of Granol D. Pedro of Portugal poysoned fiue miles distant from Barcelona King Iohn being aduertized of the death of his enemy did not dissemble the ioy that he felt not the Barcelonois their griefe and sorrow but those of Tortosa were especially greeued for the hope of succor which they expected from him Tortosa yeelded to King Iohn so as being out of hope of helpe and extreamely beaten euery day they yeelded vpon reasonable termes These things were done in Cattalonia at the same time that the Prince Alphonso was proclaimed King of Castile at Auila Castile and King Henry degraded by the confederate Lords vnto whose seruice and readuancement from sundry parts of the Realme diuers Noble men resorted but Don Garcia Aluares de Toledo Earle of Alua de Tormes was he that shewed the greatest loue and affection towards him for he brought to his aide one thousand footmen three hundred men at armes and two hundred light horse or genets he dwelt nere to Salamanca The King sent the Earle of Alua and his troupes to Zamora with Iohn Bernandes Galindo who had commaund of the residew of the army he himselfe with the Queene and the Infanta Isabella went to Ledesma where he was sumptuously entertained and feasted by the Duke of Albuquerque for the space of eight daies from whence hauing assembled three hundred men at armes and two hundred genets they accompanied the King to Zamora The Queene and the Infanta Isabell went into Portugall to request aide of the King whereof there was great need but their labour was in vaine At Zamora daily arriued great numbers of souldiars for the Kings seruice The Earle of Transtamara brought thither two hundred men at armes and two hundred genets the Earle of Valencia a hundred men at armes and two hundred genets others brought more or lesse according to their habilities The King sent three hundred Launces to Segobia to accompany the Lady Ioane his supposed daughter to Zamora where with great pompe hee entred the City vnder a canopy and in a Kingly habit In the meane time the Maister of Calatraua D. Pedro Gyron Maister of Calatraua stirsin Andeluzia against the King stirred vp all Andaluzia for the contrary part and drew some by perswations guifts and promises others by theatnings force and violence Hauing done his best but in vaine to enduce D. Iohn de Valençuela to ioyne himselfe with the confederate Lords he tooke him prisoner and would not release him till he had snatched diuers fortresses from him with the which not being satisfied he tooke from him all the places belonging to the priory of Saint Iohn and gaue them to D. Aluaro de Estuniga third sonne to the Earle of Playsance He dispossessed also the Bishop of Iaen the Kings faithful seruant from all that he held notwithstanding that he vsed his goods and houses boldly and familliarly as his guest The Constable of Castile D. Michael Lucas de Irançu D. Pedro de Cordoua Earle of Cabra and his children the Marshall of Castile D. Diego the Commandor de Estepa D. Martin and Martin Alphonso Lord of Alcaudete did oppose themselues against the Maister of Calatraua The intent of the confederate Lords was to goe and beseege Simancas and being gone from Valiodolit for the same purpose with great store of men and munition by the way they tooke Pegnafleur where whilest they were busied the King caused Iohn Fernandes Galindo to enter into Simancas with three hundred horse and not long after the towne beeing inuested by the enemy it was a hard matter to say whether the beseegers or the beseeged were in most feare In the meane space whilest they lay before that towne The Archbishop of Teledo chiefe of the rebels derided the knauish boies and lackies which were within the same did gather themselues together vpon a day and in derision of the league they made an image representing the Archbishop of Toledo which they named the new D. Opas the Apostata in the daies of Count Iulian who brought the Moores into Spaine against King Rodericke then they made one amongest them a Iudge who sitting in a seate commanded the image should bee imprisoned and afterward he pronounced sentence which was that Alphonso Carillo Archbishop of Toledo following the steps of the old Bishop Opas the ruine of Spaine for that he had betraied the King his naturall Lord rebelling against him and detayning his money townes and fortresses which he had committed to him was condemned to be drawne vp and downe the streets and publike places of Simancas a trumpet going before who should proclaime that the King did command this iustice to bee done to the traitor Opas as a recompence due for his treacheries and treasons and that then it should bee burned This sentence being pronounced aloud the image was carried forth of the towne accompanied with more then three hundred boies and lacquaies and burned nere to the confederats army and in their sight The Lords of the league perceiuing that they could not take Simancas did raise their seege and brought their forces backe to Valiodolit The Kings army which was assembled at Toro did daily encrease to the which their ioyned the Earle of Medina Celi with fiue hundred Launces the Marquis of Santillana with seuen hundred D. Pedro de Mendoça Lord of Almaçan with two hundred and a great number of footmen diuers others also came thither so that there were reckoned to be foure score thousand footmen and foureteene thousand horse as well men at armes as light horse who were all of them very desirous to fight and to doe the King good seruice who by the aduice of the Lords and captaines of his army caused the campe to dislodge and to aduance towards the enemies the Earle of Alua de Tormes leading the vantguard and the battaile was conducted by D. Pedro Gonçales de Mendoça Bishop of Calaorra The army marching neere to Tordesillas a captaine of the Vantgarde named Garci Mendes of Badajos disbanding with about two hundred horse met neere to Valiodolit with Iohn Carillo a Knight of the Admiralls leading a band of fifty horse whom he fought with vanquished and tooke Iohn Carillo prisoner beeing grieuously hurt who was brought into a Chappel thereby where hee entreated to speake with the King before he died for he felt himselfe wounded to the death The King at the intreaty of his friends came to visit the prisoner whose end drew neere he craued pardon of the King for bearing armes against him and told him that he was come from Valiodolit the same day by the commandement of those that had power ouer him to finde meanes to kill him and he did moreouer reueale to the King sundry other vilde
thousand Florens The King Don Iohn hauing notice of this defeate came by sea with a great army alongst the coast of Ampurias blind as he was who no sooner set foote on land but miraculously he receiued his sight Hauing ioyned his forces with those of the Prince his son he marched couragiously against the French which were in the towne of Denjat who putting no great trust in the place nor yet to the inhabitants thereof they dislodged and withdrew themselues to Perpignan which by reason of engagement was at that time in the possession of king Lewis where the Duke of Calabria hauing left his army returned into France to make new leauies The King of Arragon lodged his armie round about Figuera and there wintered These things were done in Arragon at the same time that the battayle of Olmedo was fought betwixt King Henry of Castile and the Lords of the League aboue-mentioned The Duke of Calabria beeing afterward returned to Perpignan with a fresh supply of ten thousand men obtayned from King Lewis the eleuenth marched foorth with his forces to assayle the enemies King Iohn on the other side departed from Figuera and presented himselfe in order of battaile within two miles neere to the French but it is not knowne vpon what occasion he departed thence to beseege the towne of Peralta where hauing begunne a furious batterie and alreadie made a large and sufficient breach to assayle it the Duke of Calabria came suddenly and vnlooked for vppon him in the night not being heard nor perceyued by the Sentinels which slept Arragonois surprized by the French who cut in peeces the first court of guard that he mette with and entring furiously into the quarters and lodgings of the beseegers he did strike such a terrour amongst them as euery man leauing all that hee had behind him they all betooke themselues to flight in great disorder The King escaped bare-headed gallowping apace towards Figuera neuerthelesse there were some which put themselues in defence by whose valour the artillerie and munition was saued and the French-men beeing retired they held a forme of a seege vntill that the King with greater forces was returned to Peralta the which in the end he tooke The Authors do greatly prayse the valour of a certaine Knight of Guipuscoa named Don Iohn de Gamboa in this nightly skirmish who with his own hand slue three French-men at armes who hauing his horse slayne vnder him in the presse did yet notwithstanding saue himselfe hauing receyued eleuen wounds Lewis of Mudar a Castillan Knight is likewise remembred for his valor in this fight where Scipio Patella the Sicillian mentioned heretofore beeing a wise and valiant Knight was slayne fighting couragiously The French beeing victorious not caring for Peralta returned to the seege of Girona which without any difficulty they tooke After this Duke Iohn of Calabria beeing come to Barcelona to take order for the affaires of the warres was tormented with a burning pestilentiall feauer whereof hee dyed this yeare 1468. to the great griefe of those of Barcelona An. 1468. and extreame trouble of their affaires Now let vs returne to Castille Castile where the Princesse Izabella beeing discontented with the marriage which was treated of betwixt her and the King of Portugall sollicited hereunto by the Arch-bishoppe of Toledo shee came to speake with him at Yepes where by the perswasion of her master-Pantler named Don Guttiere de Cardegna he consented that shee should marry Don Fernand Prince of Girona the eldest sonne of Arragon and heire to the same Crowne who was by the King his father in fauour of that marriage entitled King of Sicill much about the time of the Duke of Calabria's death wherby the affaires of King Iohn beganne to prosper the better for the French hauing lost their head retired themselues to Perpignan by meanes whereof the armie of Arragon had leysure to scoure the coast of Ampurias the Castle of which towne with other places yeelded themselues so did Girona and Don Iohn Ferrier Bishoppe thereof with the Vicount of Cabrera Martorella and soone after Saint Felix Palamos and Vergues with diuers Lords and Prelates who demaunded and obtayned pardon for their rebellion Whilest King Iohn was in the same countrey Don Alphonso of Arragon his Bastard-sonne did greatly molest the Barcelonois forraging their tetritorie with a thousand horse and fiue thousand foot-men At this time the Estate of Nauarre was not very quiet Treaty of marriage betwixt Donna Izabel and Don Fernand for the factions of Grammont and Beaumont raigning in the countrey the Earle Gaston of Foix husband to Donna Leonora heire of the kingdome who did gouerne it perswaded himselfe that hee ought to enioy the kingly title with all other rights and preheminences of the same wherefore strengthening himselfe with the Beaumontois faction whilst his father-in-law King Iohn was busied in the wars of Cattelogne he possest himselfe of diuers strong places of Nauar and newly beseeged Tudele whereof K. Iohn being aduertised vpon the good hap of his affaires in Cattelogne he brought his army thither which was well exercised in the former wars to succor those which took his part but before he came thither Don Lewis seized vppon the Cittie of Pampelona the Inhabitants whereof were for the most part followers of those of Beaumont Diuers histories of small authoritie make mention that this Earle of Lerin made sharp warre not onely vppon the Nauarrois of the other Faction but also vppon the Arragonois running on euen to Iaca and Exea belonging to the Knights hauing for companion in his counsells and enterprises Charles of Artieda hee tooke from the Constable Don Pedro of Peralta the towne of Andosilla and from Don Inigo of Estuniga Earle of Nieua that of Mendauia then hee tooke Artaxona and Olito with many other places and did many other great exploits by reason that hee held the cittie of Pampelona disposing of it as if hee had beene Lord and master At the same time also there was mention made of a famous theefe called Sancho Rota Sancho Rotta a famous tâ—eef Death of Q. Ioane of Arragon whose retreate was in a mountaine neere to Tudele called las verdenas del Rey who with thirtie horse that hee kept ranne into the country of Arragon bringing from thence great store of pillage vsing all such well as hee tooke prisoners To suppresse the insolencies done as well by him as by the Earle of Lerin the people of Iaca and the Nobility thereabouts made shew of entring into Nauarre but the Earle of Lerin sent a great number of souldiers to meete with them conducted by Charles of Artieda Machin de Gongorra Lord of Ciordia Iohn d'Ayanc and Fernand d'Aranc who meeting with the Arragonois neere to Sanguessa at a certaine bridge vppon the riuer of Arragon they lighted from their horses thinking to fight with greater aduantage on foote and comming to handy-strokes they did hinder the Arragonois passage and
into the Cittie riding vppon a white Courser by Saint Anthonies gate of the same cittie which hee sound vnprouided of all manner of victuals wherewith he caused them presently to bee furnished so as without the aboue-named defeate necessity would haue enforced them to haue yeelded By this peace which happened so opportunely the miseries of Cattalonia were ended which had troubled the whole State of Arragon for the space of tenne yeares He which shewed most prowesse and performed the notablest exploites in this warre was Don Alphonso of Arragon Duke of Villa hermosa a Prince worthie of great prayse and high commendation who dyed afterwards in the seruice of his brother King Fernand raigning in Castile D. Alphonso of Arragon his posteritie at a place called Linares leauing his sonne Don Alphonso of Arragon heire to his Dutchie of Villa hermosa who was Knight of the Order of Saint Iames and a Daughter called Donna Maria of Arragon who was maaried to the Prince of Salerne Hee had out of wedlocke Don Iohn of Arragon Earle of Luna Captaine of the Castle of Amposta Don Alphonso of Arragon who was Bishop of Tortosa and afterward Arch-bishoppe of Tarragone Don Fernand of Arragon Prior of Saint Iohns of Cattalonia together with Donna Leonora of Arragon wife to the Earle of Albayda This peace was no sooner concluded but the King had newes of a new rumult raised in Nauarre Nauarre whereinto the Princesse his daughter voluntarily had runne herselfe with great danger and many of her seruants lost their liues It happened after this manner Iohn d' Athondo the Kings Auditour of his accounts and Cittizen of Pampelona with Michaell Ollacarizqueta and others of the same cittie seruants to the King and the Princesse and of the Faction of Grammont did vndertake in hatred and disgrace of the contrarie partie of Beaumont who possessed the Cittie of Pampelona to bring the Princesse Donna Leonora into the same Practises of D. Leonora Couatesse of Foix. with troupes of souldiers and to make her peaceable and absolute Ladie thereof they hauing then communicated together about their plot it was thought fit that the Princesse should come in a morning before day to the Iewes gate otherwise called the Tower of the royall gate and the Marshall Don Pedro of Nauarre should make himselfe Master of the two next towers The appoynted time beeing come the Princesse with her attendants found the gate opened by those of Grammont Rashnesse of D. Leonora through the which beeing brought in the Marshall possessed the two Towers with three-score and tenne Gentlemen and on a suddaine they beganne to crie God saue the Princesse God sane the Princesse at this rumour those of Beaumont albeit they were amazed at so vnlooked-for an accident happening in the night ranne to armes and behaued themselues in such sort as they not onely hindred their enemies from further entring into the cittie but enforced the Princesse and her people to get them thence in great hast for the most part of the souldiers which should haue followed her were not yet arriued Hauing recouered the gate they beseeged the Marshall Don Pedro and his souldiers which were in the two towers who at the first would not yeeld but in the end when they sawe the Cannon was readie to play vppon them they were content to parley The Princesse fearing least some euill might happen to the Marshall and those that were beseeged with him sent word to the Cittizens that what was done was by her speciall commaundement and therefore intreated them to do them no hurt At the last they yeelded vppon promise made that they should all depart with their Armes without any harme either in word or deed which notwithstanding they were all taken and shut vp in the Kings prisons of the cittie The Marshall with his followers slayne where soone after they were cruelly and perfidiously stabd to death with daggers and it is reported that the Marshall was slaine by the hands of Philip of Beaumont brother to the Earle of Lerin This act did very much displease the Princesse who commaunded that the same gate should euer after be called the gate of treason or the traytors gate and in some sort to reuenge that wrong they proceeded against the Earle of Lerin and against Don Iohn of Beaumont Prior of Saint Iohns and Chancellor of the Kingdome and against Don Philip and their breethren and Don Iohn Earle of Luza Charles of Artieda and his children Arnold d' Otza the Prouosts and Iurates of Pampelona with others their allyes and complices who by the iudgement and authoritie of the King and his Councell were condemned to death depriuation of honours defamation of their houses and confiscation of their goods as guiltie of high treason The Records of those times taxe the Earle of Lerin saying that hee to the end hee might the better enioy the cittie had driuen thence the Kings and Princesses seruants and had established therein Officers and souldiers such as were at his deuotion contrary to their authoritie whose iurisdiction hee did vsurpe vexing and tyrannizing the Kingdome That by the fauour and ayde of the Earle the Guipuscoans had ouerthrowne the forts of Larraun Lecunberry Leyça and Gorriti and that hee beeing sundrie times sent for by the Princesse to come to the Parliament and Assembly of the Estates of the Kingdome would neuer obey her commaundement That the Earle of Foix hauing sent his children Iohn and Peter of Foix both in his owne name and the Princesse to perswade him to returne to his due obedience hee did reiect their admonishments and derided Pope Pauls commandement in that behalfe the which things full of contumacie and contempt had induced the Princesse to make that attempt Others thinke that her owne extreame ambition and desire to beare rule did more mooue her than any of the Earles misdemeanours which were not lightly to bee esteemed On the other side the Earle of Lerin and his Faction did arraigne and condemne others of their aduerse partie and as for the Marshals death hee excused himselfe saying that he came to seeke him and had done his best to surprise the Cittie and to cut the throates of those of Beaumont who were in the same yet for all that this could not excuse his breach of promise The King afterward recompenced Iohn d' Athondo with a perpetuall rent to him and his heires of sixe-score golden Florens by the yere of the coyne of Arragon and besides that did permit him to beare in a quarter of his coate the royall of Armes of Nauarre To Michael Ollacarizqueta was likewise giuen other rewards This sedition happened in Pampelona about the end of the yeare one thousand foure hundred seuenty one Concerning the affaires of Castile Castile about the time that Toledo and other Citties of the Kingdome did reuolt the which wee lately mentioned Donna Maria of Portocarrero wife to Don Iohn de Pacheco Marquis of Villena and Master of Saint
of them and there died more of them drowned in the riuer who thought to haue escaped by swimming then were slaine by the enemies hands King Alphonso being not succoured by his sonne and perceiuing that resistance without order was to no purpose did retire himselfe to Castro Nugno where hee was receiued by the Gouernor of the same place whose name was Abendagno de Villa-reall in Alaua hauing once lost his royall standard which neuerthelesse was recouered againe thorough the carelesnesse of Don Pedro de Velasco and Pedro Vaca who for want of a good guard suffred the Portugals to take it from them he which did beare it was taken and beeing stripped out of his armor the King and Queene caused it to be hanged vp in the Cathedrall Church of Toledo in the Chappell of the last Kings On King Fernands side likewise died a great number of souldiars though vncertaine and the Earle of Alua de Lista pursuing his enemies ouer eagerly and beeing not well followed and seconded by his people was taken at the bridge of Toro The Prince of Portugall made his retreate towards night vpon a little hill and as well as hee could did gather together his disbanded troupes and then retired towardes Toro and if the Spanish captaines had gathered and kept all their forces togither they might as easily haue defeated all as some but diuerse of them were busied in stripping the dead bodies and others in pursuing the runne-awaies who beeing come to the gates of Toro the Earle of Guimaranes who was left there for the guard of the City fearing that the Spaniards who pursued them would haue entred pel mel with them would not open the gates for no intreaty of the Archbishop of Toledo who was the only Spanish Lord that was in that battaile nor yet for the cries lamentations which the poore hurt souldiars did make vntill such time as the Prince Don Iohn arriued with his troupes and then they were all let into the City but they were merueilously troubled when they perceiued that the King was missing but the Earle of Guimaranes beganne to make a most pittifull lamention shedding aboundance of teares and tare the haire from his head and beard and beleeuing for a certaine that hee was either slaine or taken hee did greatly reproach and raile vpon the Portugalls saying that they were traitors to their King and that they had basely and treacherously forsaken him But the Kings comming soone after and newes from him by letters to the Prince his sonne in the meane time did greatly comfort this Earle and all the rest of the army It is reported that after the losse of the battaile the King beeing at Castro Nugno The King of Portugall doth little apprehend the losse of the battaile fell a sleepe as hee sate at meate where at the Gouernor did greatly wonder who in regarde thereof reputed him a carelesse man and said that honourable Knights and souldiars did greatly wronge themselues in aduenturing their liues for such a King and yet this gouernour did still shew himselfe faithfull and constant in his seruice Queene Isabell in the meane time did remayne at Tordfillas who beeing aduertised by the King her husband of his victory shee caused generall processions to bee made giuing thankes to God after the accustomed manner and shee he selfe went bare foote to the Abby of Saint Paule without the towne and as well there as in other Citties belonging to the Queene great signes of ioy were made The seege of the Castle of Zamora did still continew after that without any empediment till Alphonso de Valence the Captaine thereof who was sonne in law to Iohn de Porras obtained his pardon by the intercession of the Cardinall of Spaine his kinsman The Castle of zamora yeelded King Ferdinands liberality and did yeeld it vp There was found in the Castle great store of siluer treasure iewells and other pretious mouables belonging to the King of Portugall which by King Ferdinands commandement were al restored vnto him who made Sancho d' Castile Captaine of the Castle after that he had ordayned and prouided all things requisite for the safety of Zamora hee came to Medina del Campo where the Queene met him This happy successe did daunt the courrages of all the Kings and Queenes enemies in so much as the greatest part of them employed all their meanes credit and friends to obtayne their grace and fauour The Constable obtayned pardon for the Maister of Calatraua and for the Earle of Vregna his brother vnto whom the Constable gaue one of his daughters in marriage The Arch-Bishoppe of Toledo beeing daily dispossessed of the townes and places belonging to his Arch-Bishopricke tooke leaue of the King of Portugall and withdrew him-selfe to Alcala de Henares beeing accompanied with a gard and conuoy of horsemen which did greatly hinder the Earle of Treuignoes enterprise who was sent by the King for to take him There remayned in Atiença a Captaine of the King of Portugalls side which did great hurt to the country round about who with his wife family and all his goods was taken in a night by a Knight named Garey Brauo who had entry giuen him by one of the Captaines seruants This prey amounting to better then tenne thousand ducaâ—ts was giuen by the King and Queene to this Knight who did in like manner take Camarena for their seruice from which place Iohn de Touar did commit infinite spoyles The King of Portugall finding that all matters fell out contrary to his desire resolued to returne into Portugall with an intent to craue aide of the French King Hee carried Donna Ioane his betroathed wife with him and left good Garrisons in those townes of Spaine which hee did possesse especially in Toro where Don Fancisco Cotino Earle of Marialua was left for Gouernour in Iohn de Vlloa his steed who dyed not long before by a suddayne accident Rodrigo of Caftagneda brother to the Earle of Cifuentes did hold Madrid for the Marquis of Villena beeing assisted by Iohn Sapata a Cittizen of the towne and a violent and bitter enemy to all those which tooke the King and Queenes part whome by all meanes he chased from thence He was cheefe of that faction In the number of those that were banished was Pero Nugnes of Toledo cheefe like-wise of those on the King and Queenes side who had retyred himselfe to the Duke of Infantasgo this man with others who were banished from Madrid hauing conferred with the Queenes people did thinke to surprise the towne by intelligence with some within the same Iohn Sapata at the first newes thereof left the Citty his owne conscience accusing him and threatning him with death for his many misdemeanors neuerthelesse the commander Pedro of Ayala a knight of the order of Saint Iames being in the Citty did defend it for a tyme and then did deliuer it to the Duke The Castle held two months for the Marquis Donna Isabell sworne heire to
discouered the plot tooke order for it standing on his guard and by punishing some of the Conspirators hee caused the rest to containe themselues within their bounds for feare of the like punishment The Arch-bishop who remayned at Alcala de Henares had inuited the King of Portugall to come vnto his house of Talauera assuring him that hee would put him into Toledo who was in a readinesse to haue come thither had not the Prince his sonne with his friends and seruants told him what small profite hee should receiue and how great danger hee should incurre by such an enterprise The Kings Don Fernand and Donna Izabella beeing aduertised of the Arch-bishops dealings were iustly incensed against him they caused all his temporalities to bee seized on sending the Duke of Villa-hermosa to Madrid to bridle that cittie commanding all his tenants and seruants to forsake him and no more to obey him vpon payne of depriuation of their goods and for a terrour to the rest they did cause the houses of diuers of the Rebels who had contemned their commaundement to bee razed downe to the ground Wherefore the Arch-bishoppe within a few dayes was left alone and his great friend Hernand Alarcon did forsake him and fled presently into France not daring any longer to tarrie in Spaine Don Tello de Buendia Arch-deacon of Toledo and a learned man did vndertake to bring the Arch-bishoppe to his dutie The Archb. enforced to his dutie he vanquished him by reason and perswaded him to humble himselfe to the King and Queene of whome by his meanes he obtayned pardon but hee gaue all the strong castles of his Arch-bishoppricke in hostage for his future fidelitie The Marquis of Villena on the other side hauing entred into the Marquisate began to picke quarrels with the Gouernor placed there by the Queen concerning the limits of his power and iurisdiction saying that he did vsurpe more then the couenants would permit him and would haue letted him from punishing those of Cinchilla with other rebellious and disobedient people so that a power was sent thither vnder the conduct of Don George Manrique and Pedro Ruis Alarcon Great was the King and Queenes toyle in ordering the peace and quiet of the countrey of Andalusia Offenders forsake the country to auoyde punishment for the people thereof were so giuen ouer to all manner of villanies as if they had not vsed their meekenesse and clemencie the citties and towns would haue beene voyd and empty of people for it is most certaine that this yeare and the former there went out of Seuile and Cordoua aboue eight thousand men tainted of notorious crimes who left he country for feare of punishment It happened about the same time that Don Rodrigo de Vergara Bishoppe of Leon borne at Logrogno it is not knowne vppon what occasions caused Pedro Vâ—â—a Treasurer of his Church A murtherous Bishop murthered to be slayne in the same Cittie beeing a Knight of a great parentage whose death his friends and kinsfolkes reuenged by the death of the Bishoppe who assayled him in his owne house and pursued him as he thought to haue fled for safetie to the house of Diego Fernandes Quignones Earle of Luna where they murthered him in the bosome of the Countesse who intreated them to spare the spilling of his bloud for her sake In the town of Fonteouejuna the Inhabitants did kill with stones D. Hernand Gomes de Guzman Petty tyrants stâ—ned to death by the common people great Commaunder of Calatraua for outrages and tyrannies which hee had done to them for the which fact the Iudges which were sent by the King to informe of the matter could neuer find any one witnesse which would charge any one particular man with that murther and they could haue no other answer than this that Fonteouejuna had slaine him which passed for a Prouerbe thorough Spaine This same yeare the inhabitants of Saint Helizes de los Galegos a place neere to Trugillo did in like maner stone their Lord Gratian de Sese to death who as it hath beene heretofore sayd had bene Captaine of Trugillo In the beginning of the yeare An. 1479. one thousand foure hundred seuenty nine the King and Queene left Cordoua and came with great deuotion to the Monasterie of Guadalupa and also to take order for the Portugall warre which they daily feared From Guadalupa they sent the duke of Villa-hermosa their brother to Almorox nere to Escalona in which place were Don Iohn de Luxan and Don Iohn de Pacheco the Marquis of Villena's brother who ranne vppe and downe burning and spoiling the countrey round about The Marquis on the other side remayning in Garcy Nugnos did violently resist the the Kings souldiers and defeated the troups of Don George Manâ—ique who within a few dayes after dyed of the hurts which he had receyued in that encounter By meanes wherof others of the Kings Captaines beeing iustly mooued against him did hang vp sixe of his seruants whome they had taken to serue for a terrour to the rest the Marquis in like manner would not be indebted to them for reuenge but caused as many heads to bee stricken off casting lots among the prisoners which fell vpon a souldier who dwelt at Villa-noua de Laxara Notable loue of one brother towards another neere to Alarcon who amongst others was to bee beheaded but a younger brother of his did beseech the Marquis that he might dye in his brothers stead who had wife and children and did so much importune the matter as hee redeemed him from death giuing his owne life for him a notable example of brotherly loue and well worthie to haue beene considered by those who did cause the execution if they had beene possessed with a noble and generous disposition The names of these two breethren are vniustly supprest by the negligence of the authors The Marquis yet notwithstanding sent Rodrigo of Castagneda to Court to excuse him to the King and Queen and to lay the fault vppon their Lieutenants and Officers whose pride and insolencie had prouoked him to those courses the King answered that the Marquis should be heard according to lawe but beeing aduertised that Don Roderigo had intelligence with the king of Portugall they sent him away prisoner to Talauera where hee quickely ended his dayes Whilest the King and Queene remayned at Guadalupa Donna Maria de Pacheco Countesse of Medelin the Marquis of Villena's bastard-sister beeing a proud and haughtie woman who held the towne of Merida and had driuen her owne son out of all his possessions presented a petition to the King and Queene the effect whereof was that shee might enioy the Earledome of Medellin during her life with the commandery of the same citty An other petition came from Don Alphonso de Montroy treasorer of Alcantara who called himselfe Maister of the same order and held most part of the fortresses belonging to the same Vsurpers in regard they might not be authorised
all crimes and offences layde to their charge who had fauoured and taken the King of Portugals part in those warres should be abolished and a generall pardon graunted to them all especially to the Countesse of Medellin and to Don Alphonso of Monroy Treasurer of Alcantara and euery of them to be restored to their goods liuings and dignities Seuenthly that this peace should be kept betwixt the Kings of Castile and Portugall for an hundred and one yeares This peace thus concluded was proclaymed in the Court of Portugal to the great contentment of all men and presently the Licenciate Figueroa one of the kings Councell and his Confessor named Friar Martin were sent Ambassadours to Queene Izabella who lay at Trugillo who on her her part did likewise sweare to ratifie it the Castillans beeing no whit displeased thereat for they were all tyred with that pernitious warre The which warre did wholly cease and the seeges from the aboue-mentioned places were raysed Merida which belonged to the Order of Saint Iames was yeelded to the Master thereof Medellin was committed to the keeping of Don Lewis Fernand Porto Carrero vntil the controuersie betwixt the Countesse and Don Pedro Porto Carrero her son were decided by order of lawe Newes hereof was carried to Barcelona to King Fernand the which was most welcome vnto him who gaue thankes vnto God therefore causing great signes of ioy to bee made euery where and did worthily recompence the messenger which brought tidings of so desired a peace by meanes whereof those two kingdomes haue beene encreased and maintayned in the greatnesse whereunto they are risen in the dayes of our fathers and in our time also In king Fernand the two kingdomes of Castile and Arragon with their dependancies Vnion of Castil and Arragon were ioyned together which had beene separated foure hundred fortie and fiue yeares euer since that the two States of Earledomes became Kingdomes after the death of Don Sancho the Great King of Nauarre who was the last Earle of Arragon and Castile Now King Fernand hauing taken order for all things belonging to so great a succession wherein hee found no difficultie nor resistance hee came to the Queene his wife who lay in the citty of Toledo where with great sollemnitie he swore the peace in the presence of the Portugall Ambassadours and for a greater confirmation thereof there were sent Ambassadours to the king of Portugal Friar Hernand of Talauera the king of Castiles Confessor of the Order of Saint Hierome great Prior of Saint Marie du Pré of Vailliodolit who was afterward Bishoppe of Auila and successiuely first Arch-bishoppe of Granado after the conquest and with him Doctor Alphonso Manuel of Madrigall one of the kings Councell D. Ioane called the Excellent contemneth the marriage with the bâ—ire of Castil Arragon c. and becomes a Nunne to reiterate and sweare the peace the second time Donna Ioane who till then was called Queene of Castile and Leon and by a particular surname the Excellent beeing questioned vppon the Article of peace which concerned her marriage with Prince Iohn did rather choose a Monasticke life who therefore was shorne and vailed in the Monasterie of Saint Clare the royall at Coimbra and casting off hir royall habits shee tooke the Order of Saint Francis not without great griefe to king Don Alphonso to see so great a Ladie in such manner to abase her selfe where if she had so pleased might haue raigned in Castile Leon Arragon and Sicill The Ambassadours of Castile hauing executed their commission with the king of Portugall went to the cittie of Coimbra where they did see this Princesse to professe her selfe a Nunne with protestation to spend her dayes in such humilitie notwithstanding that they brought her King Fernand and Queene Isabella's honourable word and promise to accomplish in her behalfe all that which had beene agreed vppon in the treaty of peace and to marrie her to their sonne when time should serue but she with an incredible constancie refused all these dignities and spent the whole time of her life which was very long in religion and was euer after called in stead of royall titles which had had beene offered vnto her by the King and Queene Donna Ioane the Nunne The troubles beeing thus appeased in Castile Don Diego Lopes de Pacheco Marquis of Villena who in his Marquisate had made warre vppon the Kings Lieutenants and Captaines came to the Court at Toledo to iustifie himselfe concerning the same and to speak truth the matter beeing well weighed hee was not found to bee the principall cause of those mischiefes Marquis of Villena reâ—onciled to the King and Queene nor yet to haue any intelligence with the King of Portugall since his last agreement made with the Queene in regard whereof the King and Queene receyued him to grace and fauour vnto whome afterwards in the warres of Granado hee did many notable seruices This yeare 1479. in the moneth of Nouember Queene Izabella was brought to bed in the Cittie of Toledo in a house belonging to the Earle of Cifuentes of a daughter named Ioane who in processe of time came to succeed in all the kingdomes as by the progresse of this Historie shall appeare This Infanta did in all poynts so resemble queen Ioane of Arragon her grandmother as when the King her father did play with her hee called her his mother In like manner the Infanta Izabella because she was in lineaments like to Queene Izabella her Grandmother mother to the queene then raigning was by her called her mother the rest of queene Izabella's children were commonly called her Angels At the same time that these things happened in Spayne the armie of Mahomet the second of that name Emperour of the Turkes did houer about the Isle of Rhodes the seate of the Knights of Saint Iohn of Hierusalem Peter d' Aubusson a French-man beeing great Master of that Order the Sicillians fearing left the Turkes would haue landed in their Isle sent messengers to king Fernand to obtaine of him ayde and succour vnto whome certaine shippes laden with munition armour and other prouision were sent Donna Leonora Queene of Nauarre and 33. in order AS King Fernand succeeded in the kingdomes of Arragon Valencia Sicill Majorca and principalitie of Cattalonia Nauarre with other dominions and dependancies therof by the decease of the late king Don Iohn his father the Princesse Leonora in like manner daughter to him and to his first wife Donna Blanche queene of Nauarre did inherite the same kingdome nine yeares after the death of the Earle of Foix her husband remaining all that time a widow She was crowned queene in the cittie of Tudela where she did sweare and promise to maintaine the rights lawes priuiledges franchises and liberties of the country in the same manner as her predecessors had done before her Her raigne was so short as we haue no matter affoorded to speake of but onely her death which happened by a
King Lewis the eleuenth who did not greatly affect the affaires of Castile did hinder that match The like hinderance was ministred by her and King Lewis in the marriage of his sister Catherine who was Queene of Nauarre and the Prince Don Iohn of Castile heire to the same crowne for King Lewis who had great deseignes in his head did goe about to marry this King Francis Phoebus to Donna Ioane the Nun at Coimbra the pretended Queene of Castile and by that pretended right and the forces of his owne Kingdome to cast King Fernand and Queene Isabella out of the Realmes of Castile and Leon and for euer to keepe the Earledome of Rossillion to himselfe with other purposes which vanished into aire and the better to effect what hee had determined sent Ambassadors into Portugall to King Alphonso whose death happening this yeere with that of the King of Nauarres soone after did quite frustrate these practizes to the which King Iohn of Portugall who succeeded his father Alphonso would by no meanes harken The end of the two and twentith Booke SEMPER EADEM THE THREE AND TVVENtith Booke of the Generall History of Spaine The Contents 1 THe beginning of the long warre of Granado against King Muley Albohacen 2 Death of King Francis Phoebus Marriage procured by the Kings of Castile for their sonne D. Iohn with Queene Catherine of Nauarre 3 Continuance of the warre of Granado Conquest of that great Canaries Switzers hired for this warre against the Moores 4 Causes of suspition of King Fernand and Queene Isabella against the heire of Nauarre Intelligences and practizes with the factious to get that Kingdome 5 Continuance of the warre of Granado 6 The reigne of King Iohn the second of Portugall Discouery of Manicongo the King intitles himself Lord of Guiney Conspiracies Death of the dukes of Bragança and Viseo with other tragicall acts in the same Court 7 Continuance of the warre of Granado against Muley Boabdellin the one and twentith King of that Country The Pope helpeth forward the warre of Granado Pollitike acts of the Kings of Castile 8 Christofer Columbus his first comming to the Court of Castile his disposition and quallities 10 Seege of Malaga 11 Hermandades or brother-hoods Inquisition in Arragon 12 Iohn d' Albret and Catherine of Nauarre the fiue and thirtith in Order of the Kings of Nauarre The vicount of Narbonne quarrels about the Earledome of Foix Enterprises of Castile against Nauarre by meanes of the factions 13 King Fernands fauours towards Amand d' Albret aide graunted by him to the Princes and Lords confederate against the French King Charles the eight 14 Death of the duke of Alua and other Lords of Castile Exploits done against the Moores 15 Nauigations of the Portugalls into the Ocean sea search and discouery of vnknowne lands and great dilligence of King Iohn of Portugall about these matters 16 Treaties of marriage and other domesticall acts in the Court of Castile oppression of the Conuerts 17 Continuance of the warre against the Moores of Granado Seege of Baça 18 Mastership of Calatraua incorporated to the Cowne of Castile with other matters belonging to the same Order 19 Pursute of the Moorish warre Baça yeelded vp 20 Pursutes against Mahomet the Little the last King of Granado to dispossesse him of the same city vnder collour of right 21 Marriage of Prince Alphouso of Portugall with Donna Isabella the Infanta of Castile 22 Seege of Granado and yeelding vp of the same city 23 Pollitike acts of King Fernand and Queene Isabella of Castile 34 D. Alphonso of Portugall his pittifull death In this three and twintith Booke for continuance of the Kings reigning in Spaine mention is made of 35. Iohn D' Albret and Catherine his wife King and Queene of Nauarre himselfe the second of that name THe warre which King Fernand began and ended against the Moores of Granado was one of his most memorable acts for the Kingdome of Granado did florish more at that time Qualities of King Muley Alâ—obacen then it had done in many yeeres before being full of men riches and armor and gouerned by one of the wisest and pollitike Kings that euer reigned ouer that Nation namely Muley Albohacen if hee had beene a little more faithfull and lesse ambitious and proud which qualities did plunge him into troubles and miserable diuisions as well against his subiects in the bowels of his owne country as against the Castillians his neighbours Hee had enioyed a long peace and as it were with pride and brauing he pulled vp the assurance thereof by the rootes from the Kings of Caile hauing freed and discharged himselfe from the tribute which his predecessors were accustomed to pay them And albeit the same was greeuous to King Fernand and Queene Isabella which were magnanimous and impatient of all losse and diminution of their royall Estate who besides that were pricked forward as well by their owne zeale to Christian Religion as by the perswasion of the Popes and Prelates to vndertake the same warre yet notwithstanding the truce agreed vpon the charge and discommodities of the warres which they had newly ended against the King of Portugall the present confusion wherein the Realme of Castile was at the same time did counsell them to waite for a fitter opportunity Now when it pleased God vnto whom all times and occasions are subiect that this Mahometan superstition should take an end and that this race of Moores should bee rooted out of Spaine by armes seeing that other more conuenient meanes could not bee vsed by the Church the warre which was constantly pursued against them and wholy ended in the space of tenne yeeres did beginne in this manner King Muley Albohacen hauing beene aduertized that the city of Zahara was negligently kept by the Christians Nauarre and presuming vpon the truce caused it to be taken in the night by scaladoe togither with the sort and castle he carried away the men cattaile and all the riches that he could finde therein and manned it with a good and strong garrison of Moores The taking thereof being knowne in Granado one of their Philosophers which they call Alphaquies cried out publikely Either mine Oracles deceiue mee or the end of the ancient reigne of the Moores in Spaine is at hand the which in deed came to passe the surprising of this towne giuing King Fernand occasion to lay hand vpon this conquest with all his forces and meanes and with incredible perseuerance The newes that the truce was broken by the Moores being vnderstood at Medina del Campo where the Court then was diuerse companies were dispatched to the frontiers of Murcia and Andaluzia vnder the charge of Don Alphonso de Cardenaz Maister of Saint Iames who lay in garrison at Eccia Don Roderigo Telles Giron Maister of Calatraua remained at Iaen and others in other places besides the ordinary garrisons and forces of Don Pedro Henriques Gouernor generall of the frontiers of Andaluzia assisted by Don Pedro
souldiers found smal resistance in this latter roade Seditions betwixt the father and sonne in regard the Mores were greatly diuided among themselues by meanes whereof King Muley Alboacen was dispossessed and driuen away for hee was much feared and hated because of his tyrannies which extended chiefly to the Nobilitie and he had namely euill intreated the family of Abencaraxes one of the most illustrious houses among the Granadins These men with their complices and allyes constrayned Muley Alboacen to giue place and they deliuered the cittie with the Alhambra or fort thereof to his sonne Mahomet Boabdellin surnamed the Little who was fled to Guadix for feare of beeing slaine by his father who was carried away with vnreasonable amorous passions and false suggestions of a second wife a renied Christian whom hee had married for her rare and excellent beautie in regard whereof she was called Zoraya which signifieth Morning-starre This woman beeing desirous to aduance her children which shee had by the King did indeauour by all meanes to roote out those which hee had begotten on the Queene Aixa his wife a Ladie of a great and illustrious house and his neere kinswoman who because she would not see her eldest sonne murthered which was this Boabdellin she caused him on a night to be let downe out of the window of the castle with the helpe of her woman by a rope made of their vailes and night tyres and thereby gaue him meanes to saue himselfe in the cittie of Guadix where the Abenceraxes his kinsmen who were of great power there did kindly receiue him and dealt in such sort with their friends of the citty of Granado as they acknowledged him for their king The father hauing retired himselfe somewhere else made fierce and sharpe warre vpon his sonne which caused the losse of their Crowne and totall ruine to the raigne of the Moores in Spaine Albeit that those barbarous people were at such dissention among themselues The Moores take Cagnette yet when there was any cause they wold agree together to annoy the Christians so as they tooke the towne of Cagnette spoyled it and carried away all the inhabitants and souldiers for slaues and afterwards razed it downe to the ground These things were done in the yeare 1482. wherein is to be noted that foure seuerall Christian armies entred in a few moneths space into the kingdome of Granado An. 1482. King Fernand and Queene Izabella appointed Captaines for the frontiers namely for Iaen Don Pedro Manrique Earle of Treuigno who was newly made Duke of Nagera the Master of Saint Iames for Eccia and Don Iohn de Silua Earle of Cifuentes for Siuill the assistant Diego Merlo beeing lately dead â—onna Mary borne Towards the end of the yeare the Queene in the cittie of Cordoua was deliuered of a daughter called the Infanta Maria who was afterward Queene of Portugall and after she was churched the Court remooued to Madrid The beginning of the yeare 1483. was sorrowfull to the Nauarrois Nauarre by reason of the death of their king Francis Phoebus whome the Princesse his mother had carried backe into France to auoyde the importunate solliciting of marriages which they would haue procured in Spaine both for him and his sister Donna Catherina wherewith King Lewis the eleuenth was not contented hee dyed not without suspition of poyson for without any apparance at all of sicknesse Francis Phoebus poysoned he felt himselfe to be stricken with a deadly pricking as he was playing vppon a flute which was presented vnto him in which and all other instruments of musicke he did greatly delight Beeing neere to his end hee repeated these words taken out of the Gospell My kingdome is not of this world therefore I leaue the world trouble not your selues for I go to the Father He dyed in Bearne in the castle of Paâ— the fourth yeare of his raigne if we reckon from his grand-mothers death Queene Leonora being but fifteene yeares of age fully compleat hee lyes buried at Lescar in the Cathedrall Church of S. Mary King Fernand and Queene Izabella receiued newes of his death at Madrid Castile where they had called a Parlament and because the Crowne of Nauarre descended to the Infanta Donna Catherine sister to the deceased king they sent the Licenciate Rodrigo Maldonado of Talauera one of their Councell Ambassador into Bearne to the Princesse Magdalen her mother to demaund the Infanta in marriage for the Prince Don Iohn their sonne The mother Princesse notwithstanding that shee would willingly haue condescended thereunto made answer that shee could not bestow her without the consent of his brother the French king Vppon this answer the Catholike kings sent Iohn de Ribera with troupes of men at armes towards the frontiers of Nauarre to haue intelligence with the Earle of Lerin who had married King Fernandes bastard sister to the end to hinder the French-men from enterprising any thing and from entring into that kingdome The Estates assembled at Madrid granted a subsidie to the King towards the warre of Granado and besides that the Pope permitted them to leauie one hundred thousand Crownes vpon the Clergie of Spayne and sent them a Croizado to gather contributions and gifts for the same purpose and in this Parlament the power authoritie and iurisdiction of the Hermandades and vnions of the Communalties was ordered and reformed Afterwards the Kings diuided the affaires betwixt them that they might the better prouide for all matters shee remayned in Castile and he prepared himselfe to returne into Andalusia but the troubles which were raised in Gallicia by the meanes of D. Pero Aluares Osorio Earle of Lemos did call him into those parts The Earle dyed there before the Kings arriuall Sedition in Gallicia and by that meanes saued the King a labour who otherwise would haue had him arraigned by order of lawe Another contention arose betwixt a bastard sonne of the late Earles called Rodrigo Osorio whome his father had appointed heire in the Earledome of Lemos to the preiudice of his lawfull daughter who was married to the Earle of Benauents sonne she sayd that in regard Rodrigo was a bastard he was incapable to inherite he on the contrarie alleaged his legitimation by the Pope the king imposed silence and peace to both parties and referred the cause to his Councell to bee ordered according to iustice and in the meane time did commit the towne of Ponferrada and the Lordship thereof beeing a parcell of the litigious inheritance to the keeping of his Vncle Don Henry Henriques great Master excepting one strong hold of the same Lordshippe which he gaue in keeping to Don George d'Abendagno his countri-man and a Knight of the Kings house These matters thus ordered the king returned to Madrid from whence he dispatched Ambassadours to procure the peace of Italy which flamed with intestine warres the Pope and the Venetians hauing ioyned to the preiudice of King Fernand of Naples and the Florentines
communicated his desseigne with the Lord of Palmas they went foorth on a night beeing accompanied by the troupes of Xeres and hidde themselues in couert places neere the towne whither they sent tenne men who in great silence lodged themselues at the foote of the wall towards the Castle these were seconded by three-score and tenne other souldiers At the breake of day the Marquis sent certaine light horse to runne about â—he towne against whome three-score and ten Moorish horse-men came foorth and with them also the Sentinels and Guard leauing their places to skirmish then the ten men did set vp ladders against the Castle and beganne to make a shew as if they would haue skaled the walles to the defence whereof as many as stayed within came running in the meane space the three-score and tenne souldiers which were hidden did seize vpon one of the gates besides that those which were come forth against the Christian light-horsmen perceiuing themselues to be charged by others who came to their ayde turned their backes and fled towards the towne and were so narrowly pursued as they all entred pel mel together and beeing in this sort surprized on euery side they lost the town The castle would haue made resistance if it had beene well victualled but for want thereof they yeelded compounding for their liues The Earle of Tendilla who kept Alhama would not suffer the Moores his neighbors to rest but he oftentimes annoyed them so as he was feared like lightning ouer all the Countrey The winter this yeare was very rainie by meanes whereof a great part of the wall of Alhama fell to the ground making a large breach for the enemies if they had then assayled it where at the soldiers which were within were greatly amazed and thought vppon nothing but â—light but the courage and valour of the Captaine which is euer of much woorth contayned them in their duties who delt in such sort by hanging of painted cloathes against the breach with such art and cunning as the enemies neuer knew that the wall was fallen downe till it was made vp againe stronger then before The Earle Don Inigo true sonne to the Marquis of Santillana caused the tower of Alcala la reale to bee repayred on the toppe whereof euery night a burning lampe was set which serued to direct the poore slaues that fled from Granado His souldiers beeing disobedient for want of pay money beeing very dangerous to bee sent vnto them without the conuoy of an armie the Earle inuented a certaine kind of counterfeit money Counterfeit money and of diuers stampes the which hee named and prized according to the coynes of gold and siluer which were currant in Spayne and with the same hee payed his souldiers promising them to change all that false money into good according to the value of euery coyne and by this meanes hee did appease them Whilest these matters fell out in Andalusia King Fernand and Queene Izabella were in great doubt to bee disturbed on that side of Nauarre by the French Nauarre it may bee that this suspition came from their owne consciences touched with their sinister proceedings with the Earle of Lerin and with the treaties of marriage of these poore Princes of Nauarre and matters happened vppon those occasions Now Queene Catherine who was newly come to the Crowne of Nauarre besides her beeing wholly at the deuotion of France and vppon the poynt of her marriage with Iohn d'Albret sonne to the Earle Alaine King Lewis his death happened a little before which had openly troubled and hindred the allyance betwixt these two great kingdomes of France and Spayne for Ambassadours beeing sent from one to another as well for to make the accustomed condolements and consolations ordinarie at such accidents as for to treate of the allyances and moreouer about the restitution of the Earldome of Rossillon which the French held the Ambassadours of Spayne receyued no pleasing answer from the young King Charles the eighth who succeeded King Lewis his father nor from his tutors and councellors so as they made the protestations and declarations which Princes vsually do make when they are vppon the point of making warre one against another therefore Queene Izabella had furnished the frontier of Castile ioyning to Nauarre with strong garrisons and sent forces to Tudela a towne in Nauarre which held their partie vnder the conduct of Iohn de Ribera After the death of King Francis Phoebus his mother the Princesse fearing and not with out cause the reuolt of that nation which was an enemie to rest and quiet had sent thither the Cardinall of Foix and the Lord of Abenas brother to the Lord of Albret who did call a Parlament to receyue a new oath of fidelitie for Queene Catherine and commaunded them moreouer to receiue the sayd Lord of Abenas for Viceroy notwithstanding that the Constable Earle Lewis of Beaumont did resolutely oppose himselfe against it hauing secret intelligence with his brother-in-law King Fernand for the same purpose The Lord of Abenas was a graue Don Lewis of Beaumont wholy affectionate to the Kings of Castile wise and modest Knight who by these qualities and vertues had well gouerned the Realme of Nauarre and maintained it in peace and quiet vntill such time as Queene Katherine hauing married his Nephew Iohn d'Albret came her selfe in person to rule and gouerne the same The Constable in the meane time who held the Cittie of Pampelona vnder his power and many other places besides did rayse troubles and brought the Castillan men at armes into the Kingdome vnder colour of the Factions of Beaumont and Grammont during all these actions they still poursued the marriage so that after King Lewis his death the Princesse Magdalen beeing continually sollicited to marrie her daughter Queene Katherine to Prince Iohn of Castile shee was aduised to make a finall answer and to say that the inequalitie of their yeares would not permit it to be done in regard her daughter was marriageable and the Prince a little child in his cradle and that in the meane time before hee should come to age there might bee great troubles and combustions in the Realme of Nauarre which stoode in need of men to gouerne it and to suppresse the vsuall contentions and quarrels which those people did naturally entertaine and that without this let her selfe and her daughter would thinke themselues happie in so great an allyance for they esteemed no match in the world like to that of Prince Iohn who was presumptiue heire to so many rich and mightie Kingdomes All this notwithstanding Queene Isabella perswading her selfe to effect this marriage in despite of all these hinderances tarried still at Victoria the most part of this yeare 1484. at which time as hath beene sayd shee sent Don Iohn de Ribera with forces into Nauarre who hauing intelligence with the Earle of Lerin tooke Viana the Castle of Saint Gregorie that of Irureta and others which disorders the Viceroy sought to
skill yet all this was to small purpose and without the assistance of Alphonso de Quintanilla hee was at the point to haue giuen ouer all Quintanilla hauing brought him to his house and well sounded him gaue him accesse to the Cardinall of Spaine and after that to diuerse of the Kings speciall fauourites by whose meanes hee was sundry times heard discourse in so much as his speech beganne to please and the Kings promised him ayde and employment for the discouerie of a new world so soone as the warres of Granado were ended In this manner Colombus full of hope and courage did constantly pursue for the space of sixe whole yeares the effects of the Kings promise till at last it was performed Qualities of Christopher Colombus Hee was a man firme and constant in what hee vndertooke strong and able in trauaile seuere and chollerick bigge of limbes and stature redde faced and full of pimples The Court lying at Salamanca the Kings caused the Court of Chancerie to remooue from Vailliodolit into their owne pallace there which was the Bishops house to the end they might be eye witnesses after what manner they ended suites and did administer iustice in regard many complaints were made of them And beeing aduertised that the Marshall Don Pero d' Ayala had caused a Scriueners head to be cut off Princesse core full of iustice who was one of his tenants for giuing his mother Donna Maria with whom hee was at strife a coppie of his fathers will they sent to take him prisoner and to seize vpon his goods When he was brought to Court the Constable who was allyed vnto him for hee had married a Neece of his daughter to the Earle of Miranda would haue departed saying that he would not be present at the iudgement of one so neere vnto him but the Queene assuring the Constable that the Marshall should not bee touched neither in life nor member stayed him there The controuersie betwixt the mother and the sonne was referred to the Kings Councell as also the difference betwixt the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Earle of Alua de Lista about the Earledome of Niebla which the Earle said did belong vnto him in right of his mother which controuersie remaynes at this day vndecided The countrey of Biscay beeing at this time somewhat troubled in regard the Kings Officers did seeme to incroach vppon their priuiledges the Licenciate Garcy Lopes of Chincilla Bishops banishea from Biscay one of the Kings Councell was sent thither who did iustice and reformed many matters but he could neuer obtaine of the people that the Bishops should come into the countrey to visit the Churches who sayd that it was against their priuiledges In regard of the warre against the Moores great leauies of souldiers were made as well in Biscay Alaua Guipuscoa Asturia's as Gallicia who marched into Andalusia towards Cordoua The state of the Moores Moores which was the other day vnited became on a sudden diuided it beeing an impossible matter for two Soueraignes to commaund in one country King Muley Boabdellin el Zagal which possessed the cittie of Granado with a great part of the countrie began a fresh to poursue his Nephew Mahomet the Little putting all those Moores to death which tooke his part confiscating the goods of such as he could catch and he laboured by all meanes to procure King Mahomets death by poyson or otherwise who after the taking of Loxa had withdrawne himselfe into the towne of Velez the white To that place there came to him a very dangerous Ambassage from his vnde Muley fayning to treate of peace and concord with too great submissions the better to disguise his intent which was to kill Mahomet and the Ambassadours had expresse charge so to do who brought him some poysoned presents to the end that if they fayled in the execution of the one yet the other might take effect King Mahumet beeing aduertised by his friends of the Ambassadours intents would by no meanes heare or see them nor yet receiue their gifts but sent them word to tell his Vncle Muley Boabdellin that he was sufficiently warned of his proceedings and that he would accept of no other conditions from him but onely to throw him out of the royall throne of Granado which was his true inheritance and did in no sort belong vnto him who was a tyrant and a murtherer of the Princes of his bloud for the which he did hope shortly to chastise him and to cut off his head Now was King Mahomet ayded and assisted by the commandement of the kings of Castile by Iohn de Benauides Gouernour of Lorcia and by Don Frederick of Toledo Gouernor of the new-conquered countreys and other Christian Captaines who did often enter into the lands and territories of Granado and were sundrie times constrayned to beate backe the enemies and to defend their owne gouernements from their inuasions This assistance notwithstanding King Mahomet the Little was euill intreated by the contrarie partie Rosh enterprise of K. Mahumet the Little dispossessed almost of all and brought into despayre by which he was driuen to a marueilous hazard either to lose all or winne all for hee went secretly to Granado not hauing any intelligence there and arriuing in the night at the gate of the Albaycin he called to the guards by whom he was knowne and brought in hauing but foure or fiue men in his company there he assembled diuers of the inhabitants of the Albaycin and did so well lay open the tyrannies and wrongs which King Muley his Vncle had done to him and did so perswade them by forcible reasons to fauour his right to the Crowne of Granado as euery one beeing mooued with pitty towards him and rage against the tyrant Great sedition in Granado did take armes in his behalfe and raised a great tumult in the Citty crying out that Mahomet was lawfull King In the morning King Muley Boabdelin who lay in the Forte of Alhambra vnderstanding that his Nephew had seazed on the Albaycin caused his people to arme themselues and came forth into the Citty where hee likewise had many partakers where this cursed nation made such hauock and spoile one vpon an other as imagining the streetes not to bee spacious enough for their furie they went forth into the fields and fought a fierce combate wherein dyed multitudes of men and then returning euery one into his owne Forte they renewed the skirmishes and assaults a fresh but Mahomet the little perceiuing his party to be the weaker hee sent to Don Frederick de Toledo eldest sonne to the Duke of Alua who was Generall of the Christians in the next garrisons to entreate ayde and succour from him Don Frederick who was wise and discreet gathered together all the forces hee could and came neere to Granada but would by no meanes enter into it to meete whom King Mahomet sent a Moore Captaine named Aben-Comix with certaine troopes of horse hee himselfe
yeeld to their mercy Those of the towne hauing vnderstood the Kings resolution by their deputies did say that in regarde they went about to take away the liberty of their persons they were resolued to hang fiue hundred Christian prisoners on the walls and then to come forth euery man with his sword in hand and to dye fighting the King sent them word that if they did put one Christian to death hee would without any mercy put them all to the edge of the sword Those of Malaga once againe sent foureteene Moores of euery quarter of their Citty to the Campe who brought with them a writing which they shewed for an example of the deceased Kings of Castiles clemencie vsed to the subiugated Moores and with great humillity they begged for mercy Diuers of the Lords and Captaines were of opinion to put all that raskally obstinate nation to death who were enemies to the name of a Christian but the Queenes more iust and Christian-like opinion was followed which was to saue all their liues Then the King wrote back to them that their liues were onely granted and no more whereat the Moores being much astonied were at strife amongst themselues some beeing of opinion to make a desperate sally vpon the Christians with their weapons and to set fire on the Citty and all the wealth thereof following the examples of certaine townes of Spaine in antient times but they who thought it better to become slaues did preuaile Thus was the Citty of Malaga yeelded The Citty of Malaga yeelded the great Commander of Leon entring first into it with his troopes in armes by meanes of hostages who seazed vpon the Citty towers and Fortes thereof and hauing disarmed the Moores of all their weapons and munition all people of both sexes and of all ages were assembled in the two base Courts of the Castle of Alcaçauo where most lamentable cryes of Morish men and women were heard lamenting their liberty and goodly Citty lost with their Fortes Towers and Castles which could not defend her Cittizens liues nor giue them buriall after their death Among the multitude twelue renegades Christians were found who serued as spyes for the Moores who were stricken thorow with Darts and so slaine the Christian prisoners were deliuered and sent home to their houses fauoured and rewarded by the Kings Two other Sea townes neere to Malaga were likewise taken and the Moores made slaues by Pedro de Vera whom the King had sent thither After that all things were surely possessed by the Christians in Malaga the Bishops and Clergie made their entrance who performed the accustomed ceremonies purifications dedications with such other solemnities as wee haue heretofore written and the Kings hauing at the same time receiued a Bull from Pope Innocent by the which hee granted them and their successors authority to name and appoint Bishops and other Ecclesiasticall dâ—gnities needfull in the Realme of Granado it was thought fit to restore the Bishops Sea to the Citty of Malaga Don Pedro de Toleno Bishop of Malaga as it had beene in times past and Don Pedro de Toledo was chosen Bishop of the same who was a Channon of Siuill a man of great learning and merit who was confirmed therein by the Pope vnto whom the Kings sent a hundred Moores Gomeres of Affrick for a present and to Queene Ioane of Naples the Kings sister fifty Morish maides and thirty to the Queene of Portugall of all the other slaues the third part of them was diuided among the Lords Knights Gentlemen and Captaines of the Campe an other third part was imployed for the redemption and exchange of Christian Captines and an other third part remained to the Kings towards their great costs and charges sustained in that siege the which lasted three moneths and one day which was the eighteene of August this yeare 1487. The order and gouernement of the Cittie beeing disposed the commaund thereof was giuen to Don Garcia Fernandes Manrique who had beene Corrigidor of Cordoua The Iudges Rectors and Iurates with other Officers of iustice beeing established the goods were distributed to such as were receiued for new inhabitants who were prouided of good and wholesome lawes though fit and necessarie for those times These matters with others beeing dispatched the King and Queene returned victorious and triumphant to Cordoua where they were no sooner arriued but they began to thinke vppon necessarie prouisions for the next yeares warre for seeing they had had so happie successe alreadie they were very loth to giue it ouer by any interruption whatsoeuer In the interim of these great businesses the strifes of diuers Arragonois did still trouble the Kings eares for that in regard of his long absence all appeales comming before the Magistrate whom they call Iustice of Arragon all euident wrongs excesses and outrages committed by the great ones were with partialitie drawne out in length The Kings left Cordoua and came to Sarragossa where they assembled the Estates to redresse those insolencies which were complayned of The Estates beeing perswaded by the Vice-chancellor of the Kingdome whom the King had appoynted to speake vnto them did relinquish diuers poynts of their pretended rights and liberties and did suffer many things to be reformed and namely they were content to establish the Courts of iustice of the Hermandades or brotherhoods Hermandades in Arragon after the manner of Castile a most profitable and necessarie matter for the whole countrie and did besides that obtaine great subsidies of money for the King towards the wars of Granado Inquisition in Arragon And because the Inquisition brought great profite to the Kings coffers in Castile of the goods of the Iewes and Moores which were reuolted to their foolish superstitions it was decreed that like proceeding should be vsed against them in Arragon and Iudges appointed to make their definitiue sentence One of the sayd Commissioners had like to haue beene slayne by those manner of people on a morning in the Church of Sarragossa which gaue them occasion to enquire more diligently of such as were faulty wherein choller greedinesse of gaine and desire to fill the kings coffers made them greatly to exceed the which the practise of their successours at this day can very well witnesse the obstinate were burned and those which did reconcile themselues or were in any fault at all were fleeced to the very quicke The Kings passing into the Realme of Valencia which was troubled with the same diseases did call the Estates to Orihuela where they made diuers goodly Edicts Whilest the Court lay at Valencia there entred into Cattalonia an Ambassador from the French king Charles the eighth sent to King Fernand who sent to meete him and to let him vnderstand that vnlesse he brought with him the restitution of the Earledome of Rossillon he might returne from whence hee came King Fernand refuseth to heare or see the French Ambassadour and for ought that the Ambassadour could say or do he
Galleys and other ships with fiue thousand Spanish footmen and sixe hundred horse vnder the conduct of Gonçalo Hernandes of Cordoua the which forces departing from Carthagena arriued safely in the Porte of Messina this yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and fiue making a shew as if they would haue succoured the new King Ferdinand driuen from Naples These troopes of Spaniards among other memorable matters brought the great Pockes into Italy The Great Pocks in Italy wherewith they of the countrey were soone possessed and did communicate it to the French men which were scattered heere and there in the kingdome of Naples and they afterward brought it on this side the Mounts and did distribute it to their neighbour nations so as this disease beeing indeed of India was called the Spanish Neapolitan and French disease according to the next subiect where it was discouered and from whence the contagion was perceiued to come About the same time in the Citty of Guadalajara dyed Don Pero Gonçales de Mendoza Cardinall Death of the Cardinall Don Pero Gonsall de Mendosa and Primat of Spaine and Gotike France Archbishop of Toledo Patriarke of Alexandria and Bishop of Siguença such were his titles who beeing visited in his sicknesse by the Kings and being demanded whom hee thought worthy to succeed him in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee named Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros the Queenes Confessor Prouinciall of the order of Saint Francis in the Prouince of Toledo This Cardinall had a singular affection to holy Crosse who besides that it was his hap to haue the holy Crosse in Ierusalem for the title of his Cardinalship hee builded a Colledge at Valiodolit and an hospitall at Toledo neere the place of Codebecer called Holy Crosse Pilats original title set on the crosse of our Sauiour kept for a relicâ— in Rome hee re-edified the Church of Santa Cruz at Rome where they say the originall title written by Pilate on our Sauiours Crosse in Greeke Hebrew and Latin was found in an vnfitte place the which remaines as a famous relique in that Church Besides it is reported that beeing neere his end a great white Crosse of more then forty Cubits length appeared ouer the house where he lay sick which beeing reported to him he did reioyce and hauing caused a Masse of the Holy Crosse to be said hee gaue vp the ghost these things are written for wonders by the Spaniards his body lies buried in the chiefe chappell of the Church of Toledo in a sumptuous Marble monument As concerning Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros his successor in the Archbishoprick of Toledo hee was sonne to a solicitor of causes in the towne of Tordelaguna called Alphonso Ximenes his first rising was to the Arch-priesthood of Vzeda and hee was great Chaplaine of Siguença and the lxxi in the order of the Archbishops and hee was afterward created Cardinall by Pope Alexander the sixt of the title of Saint Balbine but D. Bernardin de Caruajall Bishop of Carthagena was preferred before him to the dignity of a Cardinall by the title of Santa Cruz in Ierusalem and was likewise admitted to the Bishoprick of Siguença vacant by the Cardinals death and at the last obtained that of Playsance Frier Diego de Deça of the order of Friers Preachers Schoole-maister to Prince Iohn of Castile was likewise made Bishop of Salamanca The affaires betwixt Castile and Nauarre since the time that Alain of Albret came to Valencia to King Fernand The last Coronation at Nauarre were peaceable but the kingdome of Nauarre was still vexed by the factions those of Beaumont had euer for their chief the Constable Lewis of Beaumont Earle of Lerin those of Grammont ioyned themselues with the Lord of Abenas Viceroy and Gouernour of the Countrey waiting with great desire for the comming of King Iohn and Queene Catherine vnto whom they protested all obedience Now the great affaires which these Princes had on this side the mountaines detayned them a long time there for besides that they were in no sort fauoured by Charles the eight the poursuites of their vnkle Iohn Vicount of Narbonne had continually disquieted them vntill the yeare 1493. that they fell to agreement with him and to secure the countries of Foix and Bearne in their absence from his surprizes and vsurpations they had made ouer to him the townes of Sauardun Maseres Monthault and Gibel This Vicount was a widower by the death of Donna Marie of Orleance sister to Lewis the French King who left him two children namely Gaston who was duke of Nemours and Germaine which was afterward wife to King Fernand of Arragon after Queene Isabella's death Hauing then contented the Vicount and king Charles busied in his iourney to Naples Iohn Lord of Albret and Queene Catherine his wife went into Nauarre leading with them great troupes of souldiers for feare lest the Constable should rebell who held the cittie of Pampelona in such sort at his commaund as he disposed of all matters there as if he had beene King and when the Princes came to the gates thereof their entrance was denyed and they were constrayned to lodge at Egues where they remayned certaine dayes vntill the Constable and his Faction were pleased to giue them entrance In that Cittie were the Estates assembled and the King and Queene were crowned with the vsuall ceremonies in the presence of diuers Prelats Knights and the Ambassadors of diuers Princes It was the last Coronation which was made in Nauarre in our time for this kingdome beeing soone after in the Kings of Castiles possession they would no longer continue such ceremonies beeing content to receiue the oath of the Estates after the manner of Spaine The titles of King Iohn and Queene Catherine of Nauarre were Kings of Nauarre Dukes of Nemours Gandia Momblanc and Pegnafiell Earles of Foix and Lords of Bearne Earles of Bigorre Ribagorça Pontieure and Petigort Vicounts of Limoges Peeres of France and Lords of the cittie of Balaguer The yeare 1494. Caesar Borgia Câ—sar Borgia Cardinal Bishop of Pampelona who was after Duke Valentinois Cardinall and sonne to Pope Alexander the sixt did by his procurators take possession of the perpetuall administration of the Church of Pampelona by the decease of Don Alphonso Carillo the Bishop and by the grant of the Pope his father and the yeare following 1495. Princesse Magdalen of France dyed who was mother to Queene Catherine in the same cittie of Pampelona who accompanied her daughter to her coronation and had euer vertuously employed her selfe about the conseruation of her childrens estates for the space of fiue and twentie yeares all which time she had liued in holy widow hood her bodie lies buried in the great Chappell of the Cathedrall church of the same cittie About that time Queene Katherine visited the King and Queene of Castile at Alfaro by whome she was greatly honoured and welcommed as befitted so great a Princesse and we reade of none other occasion of
Queene Isabell her Mother who dyed at the same time at Areualo hauing liued a widdow the space of two and forty yeares troubled with sicknesse both of body and minde whose body beeing then laide in the Monasterie of Saint Francis of Areualo was afterward transported to the Carthusians in the Citty of Burgos called Mirefleur where King Iohn her husband was buried Death of Don Iohn de Gamboa The same yeare dyed in Guipuscoa Don Iohn de Gamboa a personage full of yeares and honour who was Maister of the horse to the Kings of Castile and of their Councell Captaine generall of the frontiers of France and Nauarre and gouernor of Fontaraby This Knight left onely two daughters one of which was married in Guipuscoa in the family of Sarauz and the other into Biscay into that of Arteaga The Infanta Don Ioanes voyage into Fâ—anders the Queene gaue the conduct of the Nauie and of the Infanta Donna Ioane her daughter to Don Frederick Henriques high Admirall of Castile her Vnckle beeing accompanied by Donna Maria de Velasco the Admiralls Mother with other Lords Ladyes and Gentlewomen who beeing shipped the Queene went back to Burgos and from thence into Cattalonia to ayde the King her husband In the meane space the great Captaine continued the warre on the one side and King Ferdinand on the other in the kingdome of Naples who were resisted in Calabria by Eberard Stuard Lord of Aubigni assisted by the faction of Aniow and with a few French forces which were left him and in the territorie of Lauoro by the Lord Guilbert of Montpensier Lieutenant generall to the French King in the same kingdome who was besieged in the Citty of Auersa by King Ferdinand and the great Captaine both together and was brought to such extremitie as hee promised if within thirty dayes hee were not succoured to yeeld vp all that the French men held in the kingdome of Naples excepting Gaieta Venosa and Tarentum which were in the hands of strangers vpon condition that they would furnish him with shippes to carry him and his people into France there fell afterwards great sicknesse among the men of warre on either side and Lord Guilbert of Montpensier dyed at Pozzuolo with other French Lords and there dyed likewise on the enemies part diuerse men of note as namely King Ferdinand who had for successour his Vnckle Don Frederick of Arragon brother to Don Alphonso King Frederick stayed not long ere hee besieged Gaietta during which siege the Lord D Aubigni rendred the places which hee held in Calabria by whose example Gaietta Venosa and Tarentum were yeelded and King Frederick by that meanes recouered all the realme of Naples In this warre all the Potentates of Italy shewed themselues enemies to the French All the Potentates of Italy enemies to the French except the Florentines the Florentines excepted who thought by the meanes of the Frenchmen who held Pisa to bring that Cittie into their subiection And the warre beeing ended Pope Alexander did sharply persecute the Vrsins friends and seruants to the house of France and the chiefe of that family Virginio Vrsino an excellent Captaine of all which matters King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell of Castile were aduertized to their great contentment The beginning of the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninetie and seauen the Kings beeing in the Citty of Burgos 1467. they receiued aduertisement that the Armie of Castile was returned which had conducted the Infanta Donna Ioane wife to Philip of Austria and brought Margueret sister to the said Philip betrothed to Prince Iohn who were married in the same Citty Fryer Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Frier Francis Ximenes of Cisneros Archbishop of Toledo and Primat of Spaine dooing the ceremony and they had for their God-father Don Frederick the Admirall and Donna Maria de Velasco his mother for their God-mother The feasts and magnificences weré great and pompous whereat dyed Don Alphonso de Cardegna second sonne to Don 〈◊〉 de Cardegna great Commander of Leon. The wedding being ended the Coâ—rt came to Medina del campo where Christopher Colombus arriued as a prisoner by the slanders and accusations of the Spaniards his enemies who were impatient of discipline the most enuious of whom was Frier Buil who came back the same time into Spaine neuerthelesse the Kings thinking it an vnseemly matter that such a personage should yeeld account of his actions in quality of an offender they did absolue him of the greaâ— rigor which hee had executed by iustice on the Spaniards with commandement thence-forward to vse those more gently who did crosse so many seas to doe them seruice and they willed him to returne to the Iudges they being highly contented with the reports which hee made of the great riches and wealth which those countries yeelded whereof hee brought them proofes of golde Brazil mother of Pearle Amber pretious Feathers Indian tapstrie and other strange things They did againe rigge forth eight ships for him furnished with men and victuals two whereof hee sent away before laden with victualls and weapons to his brother Bartholomew Colombus who had begun to builde the Cittie of Saint Domingo vpon the riuer of Oçama in the Island of Hispagunola hee with the other sixe parted from Saint Lucar de Barameda and beeing arriued at Madera vnderstanding that there were French Pirates at sea that watched for him beeing drawne thither by the renowne of the wealth of the Indies hee sent onely three of his shippes directly to the Island of Hispagnuola and hee with the other three sayled towards the Isles of Cape vert tending to the Equinoctiall and after great trauaile of heates and calmes hee arriued at Paria the firme land of those West Indies then coasting three hundred and thirty leagues vnto Cape de Velas hee discouered and tooke note of all that countrey where are Cabo Anegado the point of Salinas Cubagua otherwise called the Isle of Pearles the point of Araja Cumana Chiriuichi the Gulphe of Cariari Curiana Saint Roman Veneçuela Coquibocoa and other places from whence hee passed to the new Citty of Saint Domingo and there was receiued for Gouernour to the great griefe of diuerse This was the third voyage that Colombus made to the Indies and then they had already begun to trade and negociate with the Indians by force of armes Colombus his third voyage to the Indies for the violent vsage of them had made them become strange and enemies to the Spaniards so as they left off tilling of their grounds and sowing of their Maiz to the end to constraine them by hunger to leaue the contrey and at the same time as these shippes arriued great number of Indians beeing gathered together did besiege the Spaniards of the Forte of Saint Thomas du Ciabo who were put to flight by Alphonso de Hoiedo Hauing then gotten the Cachique Coanabo into the Forte keeping him prisoner for the death of diuerse Christians more then fiue
liue in such calamity and that so noble a race might not faile in Portugall he shewed the like grace and bounty to diuerse other Lords who were absent for offences committed against the crowne albeit that the new Duke D. Iames had for his owne part no way offended but had run into his fathers disgrace who was executed by law For a notable and religious act as he and his counsel thought he gaue commandement that all Iewes and Moores should voide forth of Portugal vnlesse they would bee baptized confiscating their goods and children of euery sex excepted vnder thirteene yeeres of age whom by force he caused to be baptized but beeing afterwards better aduised Iewes constrained to be baptized hee retained onely the men and women of those sects by force causing them to receiue baptisme and to confesse Iesus Christ with their mouthes but as it is to bee presumed without beleeuing it in their hearts and people constrained and not wel instructed the which did beget infinite apostacies sects and heresies in Portugal as it could not fall out otherwise Following the steps of his predecessor King Iohn hee sent men into the parts of the East to make ample and certaine information of the trafficke of spices D. Vasco de Gama a Portugal Captaine in Calicut and hee caused Don Vasco de Gama to pursue the nauigations and discouery of the shores of Affrike who departing from Lisbone this yeere 1497. with two ships the one named the Angel Gabriel the other the Angel Raphael manned with a hundred and forty men coasted about Affrike and touching at the Isle of Saint Iames and that of Saint Helen places by him so named hee came into Maçambuque a country of the Moores and from thence by a long and tedious iourney passing hard by a rocke which hee called Saint George and by the shelues and sands of Saint Raphaell hee arriued at Mombaça a land fertil pleasant and of great trade and commerce then going forward he came to the city of Melinde in the which hee had not only some rest and refreshing from his paineful iourney but did likewise contract peace and alliance betwixt the King of Melinde and King Manuel his Master at the last sayling farther he came to Calicut the place so much desired which was the aime of his enterprize He found Calicut to be a great and wel peopled city and of great trade for spices he saw in the hauen more then a thousand fiue hundred saile of marchants ships great and smal but ill built and vnseruiceable for long voyages without art in their sailes anchors and tackling not vsing the compasse and wholy vnfit for sea fights not beeing able to saile vnlesse they had a fore winde Now King Manuel beeing such an one as wee haue described him and in his florishing age Castile the marriage betwixt him and the Princesse Isabella of Castile who was a widdow was concluded at Valencia of Alcantara at the same time as Prince Iohn of Castile newly married to Marguerite of Austria fell sicke of the disease whereos hee died at Salamanca the which caused king Manuell to hasten the effecting of this marriage Death of Prince Iohn of Castile because that after Prince Iohn the succession of the Realmes of Castile and Arragon fell to Donna Isabella as to the eldest Therefore hee vsed such dilligence as the marriage was accoÌ„plished before the Prince his death who deceassed to the great griefe of the kings his father and mother General mourning and of all their subiects hauing not fully attained to the twentith yeere of his age and was buried in the Monastery of S. Thomas of the frier preachers in the city of Auila All the Gentlemen Knights Lawiers and other men of note in all parts of Spaine did in signe of mourning for his death cloath themselues in blacke frise or such like course cloath of meane price The Princesse Marguerite his widdow who was with child was brought in bed soone after in the towne of Alcala de Henares of a dead daughter King Fernand beeing the first that receiued these lamentable newes A good means to comfort an extreame sorrow fearing least the Queene his wife would fall into some great perplexity for the losse of an onely sonne heire to so great a state and of such young yeeres did determine to send her newes that he himselfe was dead and then when shee should enter into teares and lamentations to come into her presence at the same instant to comfort her and then plainely to tell her the truth of their sonnes death imagining that a sodaine consolation betwixt two extreame griefes would greatly moderate both the one and the other the which tooke good effect by the good reasons and examples which hee alleadged vnto her By Prince Iohns decease Donna Isabella his sister was Princesse of the Asturia's and eldest heire to the Kingdomes of Castile and Arragon This yeere died Don Iohn Arias de Villar who was Bishop of Ouiedo the which place was giuen to Don Garcia Ramires de Villa Escusa last perpetuall prior of Saint Markes of Leon and euer afterward the Priors of that place were but from yeere to yeere There died also by a lamentable chance the Court beeing at Alcala Don Lewis Pimentell Marquis of Villa-franca eldest sonne to Don Roderâ—go Alphonso Pimentell Earle of Benauent who fell downe to the ground out of a gallery Don Diego of Castile great commander of Calatroua did likewise die and his commandery was giuen to Don Guttiere de Padilla Treasorer and his place to Don Alphonso de Silua brother to the Earle of Cifuentes Now the new Queene of Portugall Infanta of Castile and Arragon hauing right to so great a succession by the death of Prince Iohn her brother it behoued the King her husband and her selfe to passe into Castile to receiue in quality of future heires to those Kingdomes the oth of the States therefore leauing the widdow Queene Leonora Regent in Portugall they came to the city of Toledo the yeere 1498. where Queene Isabella of Portugall was sworne An. 1498. and acknowledged Princesse of the Asturia's heire to Castile and Leon then going into Arragon the like was done for the succession in those Kingdomes But this Princesse being with child shee was brought in bed and died in the city of Saragossa leauing heire to all her fathers and mothers dominions D. Michel that nâ—w borne Infant sworne heire of Arragon the child newly borne if he had liued who was called D. Michel who in that infancy was sworne Prince of Girone and heire to Arragon and Sicile With this sorrow D. Manuel returned a widdower into Portugal leauing his onely sonne in Saragossa The dead Queenes body was brought to Toledo and buried in the Monastery of Saint Antolm which is a parrish Church where were Religious Nuns which was builded by Don Agnes d' Ayala wife to the Admiral of Castile grand-mother to King Fernand. And
of Ferrara and the marquesse of Mantoua either of them to fauour the cardinals of their faction and to make a Pope by force to the prejudice of the citie and of the whole territorie This yeare there were sixteene foists of Moores scoured the coasts of Valencia who landing neere vnto the riuer Xucar assailed the towne of Cullera carried away seuentie prisoners and committed other spoyls The duke of Valentinois at his fathers death was so ill with this drinke which he had taken as he was constrained to be a neuter as he had carried himselfe in the warres betwixt Fraunce and Spaine yet adhering more to the great captaine for the designe which they both had to inuade Tuscanie when as the warres of Naples should be ended Hauing entertained himselfe in fauour with Pope Iulio Quarels betwixt Pope Iulio and the duke of Valentinois at his aduancement they fell afterwards to quarell for certaine places in Romania held by the duke of Valentinois which the Pope would haue so as the duke was staied at Ostia meaning to imbarke to go to Specie and from thence by Ferrara to Imola Afterwards hauing in some sort satisfied the Popes desire and being set at libertie he retired to Naples hauing a pasport from the great captaine thinking to be verie safe there whereas propounding many great enterprises euen vpon Tuscanie and beginning to make preparation to put his designe in execution Duke of Valentinois sent prisoner into Spaine by D. Gonsalo the great captain staied him prisoner saying that it was by the commaundement of the king D. Ferdinand to whom he ought more reuerence than to the pasport he had giuen him and so he sent him into Spaine where he was lodged in the castle of Medina del Campo called la Mote By this meanes the great captaine kept this turbulent man from troubling the affaires of Italie any more The armie led by the lord of Tremouille being come into the realme of Naples did nothing but increase the glorie and reputation of the great captaine who by a memorable victorie gotten at the riuer of Garillan did there settle the Spaniards commaund Retreat of the French out of the realme of Naples verie miserable for soone Gajete which was the onely hope of the French yeelded vpon condition that all prisoners should be deliuered and that the French might retire safely into France who being naked and vnprouided of all things perished in a maner all by the way of hunger cold and other extremities At the same time king Lewis hauing appointed two armies to inuade Spaine Two armies of French in Spain one by Guipuscoa the other by Cattelonia that which marcht towards Fontarrabie wherof the lord of Albret had the charge could neuer come together the other led by the marshall of Rieux entred by the countrey of Rossillon and besieged Sausses but not being able to take it he was forced to retire both for that he fell sicke as also for that D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alua Generall of the Spanish armie which was raised at Perpignan began to march to raise the siege king Ferdinand being also come in person into Cattelonia to giue order for the affaires of this warre the which afterwards had some intermission 1504 by a truce of fiue monethes which was made at the instance of king Frederic who was not out of hope to returne into his realme Which conceit was grounded vpon the demonstrations of fauour were made him both by France and Spaine which was but a vaine content and a comfort to him in his miserable estate This truce was afterwards continued for three yeares both by sea and land with free trafficke for all their subiects except the French in the realme of Naples For the great seruices which D. Gonsalo Fernandes surnamed the Great Captaine had done to the kings D. Ferdinand D. Gonsalo Fernandes made duke of Terra noua and Sessa and D. Isabella in this warre he obtained the duchie of Terra noua and of Sessa besides the duchie of S. Ange which king Frideriâ— had giâ—en him when as he fauoured him and the Constableship of the realme of Naples Pedro Nauarro had also for his good seruices Pedro Nauarro made earle of Albeto his beginning and in recompence of his great industrie during the warre the countrey of Albeto in the same realme of Naples neere vnto Aquih This man from a small condition came to this greatnesse by his vertues for his beginning being scarce knowne he first of all went to sea and was a mariner after which he was a footman to the cardinall D. Iohn of Arragon then a souldier and in the end a famous captaine and an earle After the swearing of the said truce Earthquake in Spaine there was a great earthquake throughout all Spaine to the great terrour and amazement of all men by the which many houses churches forts and other buildings were shaken and ruined At that time they say the testament of the deceased king Henrie the fourth was found by the diligence of Hernando Gomes of Herrera of Madrid who hauing notice from the curat of S. Croix of the same towne that this testament was in the towne of Almeyda in Portugal whither he had transported it with other writings of importance he aduertised the queene and by her commission went to Almeyda with the curat found these writings and brought them away In recompence whereof the king made the bachelâ—r Hernand Alcayde or Prouost of the justice of his house and court The queene did not see this testament as it is probable for she fell extreamly sicke and after foure monethes languishing died Death of the Q. Isabella at Medina del Campo in the yeare 1504 being 53 yeares old and seuen monethes and the thirtieth yeare of her raigne A princesse adorned with great vertues which may couer some excesse of ambition her other imperfections she was zealous in religion chast liberall and courteous Her bodie was transported to the citie of Granado Bodie of the Q. Isabella in a Friers weed and remained long there in the Alhambra in the habit of a Franciscane Frier as she had ordained And after the decease of her husband which was twelue yeares after it was layed with his in the royall chappell of that citie That yere died D. Magdeleina Infanta of Nauarre in the same towne of Medina del Campo being daughter to the king D. Iohn of Albret and Katherine then raigning D. Henrie Henriques vncle to king Ferdinand and his lord steward and D. Pedro of Estuniga cardinall and Archbishop of Seuille did also leaue this world which Archbishopricke was giuen to Diego of Deca borne at Toro being then bishop of Palence a doctor in Diuinitie and afterwards Inquisitor generall Confessor to the king and founder of the colledge of S. Thomas of Aquin at Seuille ⧠THE 25 BOOKE OF THE Historie of Spaine The Contents of the 25 Booke 1 VOyage of Iohn Cosa
and of Fernando Cortez to the Indies 2 Expedition of Africke by the Castillans and the taking of the great port of Mersalcabir 3 Peace betwixt Castille and France and treaties of mariage 4 The Archduke Philip of Austria and D. Iaone his wife part out of Flaunders to returne into Castille and are stayed in England 5 Death of Christofer Columbus His posteritie 6 D. Philip and D. Ioane his wife kings of Castille Retreat of king Ferdinand into Arragon 7 Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italie Enteruiew of king Lewis and king Ferdinand at Sauonne 8 The duke Valentin being a prisoner in Castille escapes into Nauarre 9 Affaires of Nauarre Disposition of the king D. Iohn of Albret Contentions betwixt him and the queene his wife for the factions of Nauarre 10 Rashnesse of the earle of Lerin Constable of Nauarre Sentence and condemnation against him Warre betwixt the king and the earle Death of duke Valentin 11 Exploits of Pedro Nauarro in Africke in fauour of the Portugals 12 Rashnesse of the marquesse of Priego punished by the king D. Ferdinand Regent in Castille 13 Sedition at Lisbone for religion The mutines punished 14 Search of the firme land at the Indies by Alphonso Hojeda and others 15 League betwixt the Pope the Emperour Maximilian king Ferdinand and Lewis 12 the French king against the Venetians 16 Discouerie of the firme land at the Indies Forts built there 17 Expedition of Cardinall Francis Ximenes into Africke The taking of the citie of Oran 18 Warre against the Venetians 19 Practise of Pope Iulio against the French Schisme in the Church of Rome Counsell demanded by the French king 20 Taking of Bugia and other exploits in Africke by Pedro Nauarro Death of D. Garcia Aluares of Toledo 21 Behauiour of the Spaniards at the West Indies Seditions among them 22 Progresse of the warre of Italie made by the French against the Pope Councell of Pisa and a counter Councell at Rome at S. Iohn de Latran 23 Warre betwixt France and Spaine A league betwixt the Pope king Ferdinand and the Venetians 24 Continuance of this warre by the Pope against the French Exploits of Gaston earle of Foix duke of Nemours 25 Pursuit of the king and queene of Nauarre in Castille to be restored to much of their patrimonie in that realme but without any effect 26 Meanes vsed by the Pope and king Ferdinand to dispossesse the king D. Iohn of Albret and the queene D. Katherina his wife of the realme of Nauarre 27 Meanes vsed by the Emperor Maximilian to abandon the French Battell of Rauenna 28 Censures against Lewis the twelfth the French king and his realme Retreat of king Iohn of Albret into Fraunce Inuasion of the realme by the Castillans Pampelone taken by the duke of Alua. 29 Exploits of Vasco Nugnes of Bilbao and other Spaniards at the Indies D. Philip 1. and D. Ioane 21 Kings of Castille and 42 of Leon. THe Castillans and Leonois 1504 for want of their Queene proprietarie D. Isabella began to accustome themselues to the yoke of German princes hauing presently set vp in Castille the Armes of the Archduke Philip of Austria and of D. Ioane heire of these realmes in her mothers right and D. Frederic of Toledo duke of Alba aduanced these banners in their name yet the king D. Ferdinand continued lawfull gouernour vntill the comming of these princes who had aduertisement sent them presently into Flaunders of the Queenes death The Archduke Philip was then six and twentie yeares old faire of face well proportioned of his members of a good grace mild and courteous in speech of a great spirit actiue quicke and learned by reason whereof being in him more then ordinarie hee was surnamed the Great Whilest that he made preparation to come and take possession of this great inheritance king Ferdinand after the royall and stately obsequies of the deceased Queene and the bodie transported to Granado with a great traine he retired himselfe to the monasterie of Mejorada and from thence hee past to Toro being accompanied by D. Francis Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo Diego of Deca Archbishop of Seuille and others of great qualitie and learning to conferre about the execution of the deceased Queenes will 1 In the meane time Iohn de Cosa Voiage of Iohn de Cosa a good sea-man rigged forth foure Carauels out of port S. Maria at his owne charge and by Iohn of Ledesma of Seuille and others desirous to inrich themselues vndertaking the conquest of that countrey at the Indies which was held by the Caribes Whereupon setting sayle he came and toucht at a place called Carthagena there being joyned vnto him captaine Lewis Guerre who beginning to make warre together they tooke sixe hundred of these Barbarians in the island of Codego then coasting along the shore desirous to barter wares and to buy gold they entred into Vraba where they found some little gold in the sand and from thence they returned into the island of Hispaniola and the citie of S. Domingo laden with men but scanted of victuals and of all other things especially of gold wherof they were exceeding greedie The same yeare 1504 Fernando Cortez voyage to the Indies there went vnto the Indies Fernand Cortez borne at Medellin in Estremadura one of the most famous men that hath beene in these conquests vnto our dayes He arriued at S. Domingo in a ship belonging to Alphonso Quintero of Palos of Moguer where he was well entertained by the Secretarie Medine the gouernour being then absent and afterwards by the gouernor Nicholas d' Ouando himselfe being returned This was he which conquered Noua Hispania Of the maners of the Indians their idolatries and damnable superstitions the curious may be more amply informed by the particular histories of the Indies written by Peter Martyr of Angleria Gonsal Fernandes of Ouiedo Francisco Lopes of Gomara and others During king Ferdinands gouernment in Castille the Estate began to be trobled by some noblemen who thought that queen Isabel being dead they might lawfully tyrannise but the king hauing called the Estates to Toro 1505 in the yeare 1505 he caused a new oath to be taken to the queene D. Ioane his daughter and to her husband as kings of Castille Leon Granado c. and by his wisedome pacified those tumults and disorders which were likely to grow Chauncerie transported frō Cite Royall to Granado Which yeare for many reasons the Chauncerie which was at Cite Royall was transported to Granado where since it hath remained And by the persuasion of D. Francisco Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spaine there was an expedition attempted against the Moores of Africke nothing concurring with the embassage which had beene sent to Caire whereof mention hath beene made 2 The Primate had had sundrie discourses with a Venetian called Ieronimo Vianello an industrious man and knowing the countrey of Africke His designe was vpon the citie of Oran Description of Oran well
whether they had called the estates of the realm and there took a new oath causing their eldest sonne D. Charles to be sworn heire to the crown of Castille Leon Granado In these princes were vnited vnto the realms of Castille and Leon and there dependances the great estates of the low countries and Burgundy and afterwards Arragon Sicile Sardynia and Naplâ—s At Vailledolit there were many noblemen honored with the order of the golden fleece The gard of the castle of Segobia was taken from the marquesse of Moya guien to D. Iohn Manuell who was much fauored by the kings who being at Tudele of Duero there appeared a strange comet in the firmament foreshewing as they said afterwards the approching death of king Philip which happened soon after in the city of Burgos to the generall griefe of all his subiects the comet still raigning whereunto he did attribute his death Death of Philip King of Castille saying often in his paines and agonies Hâ— cometâ— hâ— cometa He died in the floure of his age in the constables house this yere 1506 hauing raigned 1 yere and ten monthes his body was laied many yeres after by the commandement of the Emperour Charles his sonne in the royal chappel of Granado hauing remained in diuers places This summer which was very drie there died in Castille D. Guttiere of Toledo bishop of Plaisance to whome succeeded D. Gomes of Toledo sonne to D. Guttiere de Solis earle of Coria 7 At the time of the death of the king D. Philip Voyage of king Ferdinand into Italy king Ferdinand was at sea sayling towards Italie for after the enteruiew of these two princes the order taken for the gouernment of Castille he went to Cattelonia where hauing caused a goodly fleet to bee made readie at Barcelona he imbarked to go and visit the realms of Naples of Sicile hauing conceiued a iealousie that the great captaine did fauor the designes of the king of Castille his son in law for hauing sent often for him to come into Spaine hee had still delaied it with excuses as he thought At his departure out of Castille he was abandoned by all the great men except the duke of Alua who did accompany him to the frontiers of Arragon He who shewed himselfe most faithfull of all the noblemen A faithfull seruant was D. Bernard of Rojas and Sandoual marquesse of Denia who neuer abandoned him neither aliue nor dead for hee retired many of his officers and houshold seruants which had no maintenance It was concluded by the last accord made betwixt him and king Philip that the realme of Naples although it had been conquered by the means and forces of Castile more then by those of Arragon should remain to the crown of Arragon Being therefore ready to set saile towards his realme of Naples Sinceritie of the great Captaine he receiued letters from the great captaine by the which hee did assure him of his sincerity and seruice and did aduertise him of the estate of the country wherewith he was so wel satisfied as he did confirme all his former gifts vnto him added new yea he was much more pleased with him for that contrary to the opinion of many he came and met him at the port of Genoua for both the Pope and all the Potentates of Italy thought that he was gone from Naples with an intent to retyre himselfe into Castile and not to see king Ferdinand as if he feared to looke on him The king being staied there some daies by reason of coÌ„trary winds he had news of his son in laws death for the which he seemed verie sorrowful notwithstanding that he was prest by the widow queen D. Ioane his daughter to returne into Spaine yet he went on his voyage to Naples where he entred in great pompe Entrie of king Ferdinand into Naples vnder a canopie of cloth of gold the city wall being beaten down for the more state hauing all the honors and ceremonies accustomed at the receptions of new kings he staied 7. months there to the great content of the whole realm and of all the Potentates of Italie who possest with an opinion of his justice and equity sent to visit him by ambassadors and made him arbitrator of many coÌ„trouersies that were among them The Neapolitanes offered him great summes of money and other commodities but he would not accept â—ny but 30000 ducats for the charges of his voyage Hee would not at that time breake with the VenetiaÌ„s for the Popes pleasure or of any others and yet they detained certain places from him referring that quarel to a more conuenient time He pacifed and ended many quarrels and pretensions of Barons yea of the Angeuin party who were yet dispossest of their goods which had been confiscated past into priuate mens hands to whome they had been giuen in recompence of their seruices and that which he could not end he left in charge to the Viceroy D. Iohn of Arragon earle of Ribagorsa whom he left in the place of Gonsall Fernandes of Cordoua the great Captain whome he caused to imbarke with him at his returne and carried him into Spaine being iealous of the honor which he had gotten in the conquest of the realme In regard of the realm of Sicile he made many good lawes but he could not goe thither in person being prest by the queen D. Ioane his daughter the councel cities and comminalties of Castille to return into Spaine D. Ioane queene of Castille toucht in her senâ—es for this poore princesse besides her affliction for the death of her husband had other infirmities which she did inherit from her grandmother by the mothers side D. Isabella of Portugall wherefore finding her selfe vnable to gouern so great a state she put all ouer into the hands of D. Franciso Ximenes Archbishop of Toledo primate of Spain Councell of Castille of doctor D. Alfonso Suarez de la Fuente del Sauz bishop of Iaen president of the kings councell Garcia of Muxica licentiate in the laws born in the prouince of Guipuscoa doctor Pedro of Orepesa a most religious Baron the licentiat Fernando Telles doctor Laurence Galindez of Carnail the licentiate Lewis of Polanco with others of the councel who took charge of the affairs in the absence of the king D. Ferdinand her father the Prince D. Charles who was then bred vp in Flanders being yet a childe of 7 yeres old Pope Iulie staied many daies in the castle of Ostia thinking that K. Ferdinand would land there to see him but he excused himselfe by reason of the smal intelligence that was betwixt them for the king hauing demanded of him the confirmation inuestiture of the realm of Naples he would not graunt it but with heauier conditions then other kings of Arragon his predecessors had held it Queen Germain did accoÌ„pany the king her husband in al this voyage who sailing towards Spaine they
summes of money vpon the Clergie for two yeares His infirmity increasing hee had such continuall faintings as on the seuen and twentieth of Iune they thought hee would haue died wherefore finding himselfe neere his end he desired to make his will and caused it to be written Testament of king Ferdinand leauing his daughter Queene Ioane for his generall heire and the infant D. Ferdinand his grand child gouernour of Castille to whome he gaue for gouernour D. Gonsal of Guzman treasorer of Calatraua and for his Schoolemaster D. Aluaro Osorio bishop of Astorga hauing a great desire to cause the three masterships of Castille to fall into his hands after his death whereupon he made orders which hee thought might take place but afterwards he reuoked them He had some amendment and came to Aranda of Duero whether Anthony Augustine his Chancellor of Arragon came whom he caused to be apprehended Chancellor of Aâ—â—gon accused to haue sought to dishonor queen Germaine and committed being informed that he had presumed to attempt against the honor of the queene his wife for seeing her too desirous to haue children and the king her husband by reason of his age and infirmitie too weake he had offered her his seruice too familiarly This Chancellor remained in prison till after the kings death and then was set at liberty by the Cardinal Xtmenes who was gouernor of Spaine The same yeare there hauing been an enteruiew at Vienne in Austria betwixt the emperour Maximiliâ—â— and Ladislaus king of Hongarie and Bohemia the marriages were accorded of the infant Ferdinand with Anne Daughter to the said king of Hongarie and of Marie sister to prince Charles of Austria Infanta of Castille with Lewis sonne and heir to the said king Ladislaus 13 King Francis past into Lombardy with a great army what succeeded in those wars you may read at large in the French Historie The Pope seeing all things prosper for the French made an accord with the king they had an enteruiew at Bolonia with great shewes of friendship Enteruiew betwixt Pope Leo and king Franâ—â—â— there they confirmed their league and conferred long of the conquest of Naples for the French king but they resolued to deferre it till after the death of king Ferdinand which they knew to be neere the Pope hauing no desire of it for the quiet of Italie alleaging for excuse that the time of the league which hee had with the Catholike king did not yet expire of sixeteene months yet in shew he seemed verie willing to countenance that conquest so as the French king who was well content to haue it deferred vntil another time for that his treasur was exhausted was verie wel satisfied There the Pragmatike sanction was abolished Pragmatike sanction abolished the Pope granting liberty to the king to the preiudice of the clergy of France to name present men at his pleasure to ecclesiastical dignities and benefices being voide within his realme a priuiledge which belonged to Chapters and Colledge they made many other agreements to the contentment one of another In this estate stood the affaires of Italie towards the end of king Ferdinands daies whose disease did vndermine him by little little yet he would needs part from Segobia to goe into Arragon to the estates whether he had sent Queene Germaine his wife transporting himselfe to Calataiub but he was forced to returne into Castille as well for the affaires of the realme as to giue order to prouide men for Italie in fauour of the emperor Maximilian who made preparation to enter it in the Spring and also to care for the defence of that which he held in Afrike At that time was the marriage betwixt D. Alfonso Peres of Guzman or Aluaro duke of Medina Sydonia and D. Anna of Arragon daughter to D. Alfonso of Arragon the kings Neece to whom one of his Councel comming from visiting a certaine woman whom they held for a Saint in Spaine called the holie woman of Barca reported from her that hee should bee of a good courage for hee should not die before he had conquered Ierusalem but this good woman was deceiued This yeare dyed of a double quarten Ague the great Captaine Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua duke of Sessa Death of D. Gonsalo Fernandes of Cordoua called the great Captaine Terranoua of Saint Ange marquesse of Bitonto Prince of Squilaci and Constable of the realme of Naples Among the other vertues of this famous man hee is much commended for his great chastity a rare thing in a Spaniard his end was in the seuenty third yeare of his age leauing by his wife D. Maria Henrique one only daughter and heire named D. Eluira of Cordoua his bodie lies in the monastery of Saint Ierosme in that citie The king hearing of the death of this worthy man sent to comfort his widow and daughter 14 In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and sixeteene 1516 which was the last of king Ferdinands life there arriued in Castille at a place called the Sereine doctor Adrian Florent deane of Louuain embassador for Prince Charles of Austria and his Scholemaster who in time was made bishop of Tortosa then Cardinall and successiuely Pope His charge in shew was for matters of gouernement against the Lord of Cheures who was the princes gouernour but in effect he came into Spaine to prie and looke into the state of things and to aduertise the prince And the King dying which was held to bee verie neere hee had authoritie and commaundement to take possession in his name of the gouernement of the realmes of Castille Arragon and the rest The king parted from Plaisance with an intent to goe to Guadalupe there to performe a vow passing from one place to an other his infirmitâ—e still increasing hee stayed at Madrigalejo a borough neere vnto Trugillo where he had a kind of fluxe by reason whereof doctor Adrian who was verie vnpleasing vnto him transported himselfe thither yet shewing him a good countenaunce hee willed him to goe and attend him at Guadalupe his sickenesse encreasing they that were about him were constrayned to aduertise him that his end drew neere the which did much discontent him for hee thought hee had a longer time to liue neyther did hee giue credit to all that his Confessor Frier Thomas of Matienso said vnto him but when they had often reiterated this aduertisement that hee might dispose himselfe to die like a Christian he caused the Licenciat Zapate and doctor Caruaial who were of his chamber and of his Councell to bee called vnto him and with them the Licenciat Vergas his Treasurer who was also of his Councell a man in whom hee had great confidence whom he enioyned and coniured to giue him good and faithfull councell in that which hee should demaund of them hee told them that for the opinion hee had that prince Charles would not come in person to gouerne the realmes of Spaine hee had appoynted the Infant
D. Ferdinand gouernour of them for the Queene D. Ioane her daughter whereupon hee desired to know their opinions Reformation of king Ferdinands testameâ—â— by the aduice of some of his councell if hee had not done well These three men zealous of the good of those realmes told him freely that in so doing he had not prouided for the peace and quiet of the realmes wherefore he should call backe that article and name prince Charles gouernour of them as Lawe and Iustice required shewing him the great inconueniences which might happen if haply the Infant D. Ferdinand finding himselfe feiled of so great Estates should seeke to hold them such thoughts being easie to breede in the hearts of princes The king yeelded to this Councell and reformed his Will in that point in regard of Castille and that which is incorporated vnto it As for Arragon and Sicile hee left the gouernement to his base sonne D. Alphonso archbishop of Saragosse and vntil that prince Charles came he appointed gouernor in his absence by the aduice of this Councell Cardinall Francis Ximenes of Cisneros saying that he knew him to be an honest man and wel affected fashioned and aduanced by him and by the Q. D. Isabella one who had no great aliances had alwayes shewed himselfe a faithfull seruant As for the realm of Naples he confirmed the gouernment with the same condition to the viceroy D. Raymond of Cardone in Nauar there had bin viceroy D. Frederic d' Acugna commaÌ„der of Montemolin of the order of S. Iames brother to the erle of Buendia Some few dayes before he had obtayned from Pope Leo a new prouision in his owne person of the three masterships of Castille Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara the which he desired to resigne to the Infant D. Ferdinand whom hee loued deerely but hee was in like manner persuaded not to doe it for hee should remember of what importance in former times one of those masterships had bin in the person of a priuat man to trouble the realme and therefore hee must thinke that if all these were ioyned in one and he of the bloud royall hee equalling without doubt the kings power might cause greater alterations whereupon the king demaunding What then shall the Infant do remayning so poore It is answered his Councellours the best and goodliest inheritance that you can leaue him for finding himselfe poore it wil giue him occasion to seek the loue of prince Charles his brother who will aduannce him These things pleased the king who gaue vnto the Infant D. Ferdinand 50000 ducats of yerely rent vpon Brindes Tarentum Infant D. Ferdinand ill appâ—inted and other places in Apulia in the realme of Naples by the aduice of the same councellors Out of the reuenues of the realm of Sicile he left vnto his wife Q. Germaine thirtie thousand florins of gold of yearely rent the which was afterwards assigned in Castille vpon the townes of Arcualo Maâ—rigal and Olmedo hee left moreouer vnto her tenne thousand ducats in the realme of Naples These Ordinaunces in forme of a testament were written by the hand of one of the aboue named Councellours reuoking that which hee had made at Burgos all beeing done in great secret to the end that nothing might come to the knowledge of the Infant D. Ferdinand who was then at Guadalupe nor of his Gouernours and Ministers who did hope to mannage the realme after the Kings decease The will beeing written out faire it was receiued by the Prothonotarie Clement of Velasco The Queene D. Germaine hauing notice of the extremitie of the Kings infirmitie at Calataiub whereas the estates of Arragon were held shee came with all speed to Madrigalejo and was at his death which was on the three and twentieth of Ianuary one thousand fiue hundred and sixteene being three score and three yeares old and hauing raigned one and forty yeeres one moneth and nine dayes Death of king Ferdinand king of Arragon comprehending the time that king D. Philip of Austria raigned The Kings Councell and the Noblemen beeing assembled they resolued to send to the embassadour Adrian who attended the king at Guadalâ—pe wherefore Doctor Caruajal and the Licenciat Vargas were sent vnto him who brought him to Madrigalejo where in his presence the kings will was opened and read whereof they gaue a copie to the embassador at his request Afterwards by the aduice of them all D. Bernard of Rojas marquesse of Denia and the licenciate Ronquillo Alcaidâ—or prouost of the Court did accompanie the Kings bodie to Granado and the other Noblemen went to Infant D. Ferdinand at Guadalupe where the funerall was made with royall pompe and ceremonies The body passing by the citie of Cordoua there ioyned with it D. Martin of Angulo bishoppe of that citie the marquesse of Priego the earle of Cabra with other Lords and Knights which did accompany it vnto Granado where with the state woorthy of such a prince hee was interred in the chappell of Kings by Queene Isabell his wife whose bodie had beene left in the Alhaâ—bre of that citie A little before the kings death Iohn Dyas de Solis of Lebrixa chiefe Pilot to the king Indies parted from the port of Lepe with three shippes armed to goe and discouer countries in the new world vnder the equinoctial where hee had already beene and found out the great riuer of Panaraguasa which hee had named the riuer of Plata or of Siluer where beeing arriued and entred hee landed with fiftie Spaniards thinking to 〈◊〉 all things quiet as hee had at the other time but hee found himselfe surprized and charged by a multitude of Indians who slew him and all them that had landed with him Spaniards slain is the riuer of Plata by the Indians and eate them the rest which kept the shippes being terrified weighed anchor and returned into Spaine laden with bresill and white ansine which they vse for dying 15 D. Manuel king of Portugall had alwayes continued his nauigations and discoueries at the East with good successe and profit Portugall and imitating the example of the king of Castille hee prest the African Moores his neighbors vpon the westerne shoare from whom hee tooke the towne of Zasin Exploits of king Manuell in Afrike by the meanes of Nugno Fernandes of Ataide who was the first Gouernour and afterwards hauing sent Iames Duke of Bragance his nephew with two thousand horse and fifteene thousand foote who landing at Marzagan did assaile and take the towne of Azamon beeing abandoned by the Moores and soone after Almedina yeelded with other places of that territorie in which expeditions the Duke of Bragance purchased so great same Bragance a terroâ—r to the Moores as at this day the name of Bragance is a terror to the Moores To supply the charges of this war conquests the King D. Manuel hauing emptied his cofers he obtained from Pope Leo by his embassadours Triâ—â—an of Acugna and doctor
a handie stroke enriched with plates and threds of gold and siluer and for offensiue armes some had clubs about foure foot long and the heads as big as two fists hauing fiue or six sharpe pikes of mettall others carried hatchets like vnto our halbeards which they could handle well As for their rereward or subsidiarie squadrons to releue the rest they were all pikes whose heads were better armed than ours bee Frauncis Picarro found the Indians of Peru in this equipage to resist him it may bee say they that haue written of his enterprises to make his conquests more admirable vnto vs For not confessing that either he or any one of his captaines made any account of the Indians of the countrey whom they had drawne vnto their partie and joyned with them in the aboue mentioned combat of Caxamalcan and others they vaunt that this great king Atabalipa was vanquished with all that great multitude of men of war which did accompanie him by lesse than fiue hundred foot and an hundred and twentie horse of the Spanish nation whereof most of the footmen were crossebowes hauing few harquebuses yet they confesse that they had some peeces of ordnance whereunto they attribute some part of their victories saying That the Indians were almost dead for feare seeing these engines spit fire and hearing the noyse thereof wherewith they had neuer been acquainted the which hath some likelyhood Atabalipa was sonne to a warlike and valiant prince Beginning of Atabalipa called Cusco who comming out of the prouince of Quito which is directly vnder the Equinoctiall line towards the South sea had conquered by armes from many other kings and lords those ample regions wherof his sonne was in an instant dispossest at the comming of these Spaniards and hauing there built the citie of Cusco had called it by his owne name and made it the seat of his empire which was aboue three hundred leagues long and broad stretching from the South to the West At his death he left an hundred children males and females most of which liued when Atabalipa was defeated and taken To Guescar whom some also cal Cusco he had left the greatest part of his conquered countries and had giuen to Atabalipa the realme of Quito where he was borne But Guescar not satisfied vnlesse he might haue all did first moue war to dispossesse his brother wherein he was vnfortunat for after many vnhappie incounters he was quite defeated and taken by Chilicuchima lieutenant to Atabalipa by whose commandement although he were a prisoner in the Spaniards hands he was strangled the which did so displease the gouernor Francis Picarro as he conceiued a mortall hatred against the king and his lieutenant not ceasing vntill he had put them to death yet after that he had discouered by their meanes the treasures of the realme had seised of a good part of them and was assured the rest could not escape him In the distribution of which treasure he did afterwards shew himselfe verie vniust and false as well towards his souldiers as to the Emperor his master whom he did frustrate of a good part of his right of the fifts It seemed that God by this sudden easie conquest had prepared a fit subiect for the Emperor Charles to settle a perfect estate at Peru but his ministers did corrupt it All things were there according to a mans desire to execute a great and memorable designe the which had bin admirable to posteritie were it in regard of the glorie of God or temporall commodities in regard of the riches and all sorts of blessings the which heauen and all the elements doe powre downe aboundantly vpon that region but especially for the aptnesse of the people Maners of the people of Peru. who were found ciuile and capable of reason much more than they that had bin first discouered at the islands or vpon the continent of those Westerne Indies towards the North sea They did not find them naked and without shame but apparelled both men and women handsome in their garments industrious in their buildings and in all other arts and workes tillers of the ground feeders of pastures marchants sociable and courteous as wel among themselues as to strangers and religious also although it were after the Pagan maner whose imperfections should not be censured with rigor but excused with an intention to reforme them in time by good examples of pietie and charitie and by justice well and duely ministred considering that in their religion and maners they were not more sauage and barbarous than the first auncient Spaniards before they were ciuilized and instructed of whom we haue made mention in the beginning of this historie They did beleeue the immortalitie of the soule the resurrection of the body and therefore they buried their dead with honour and did graue markes vpon their tombs which did shew the forepassed life of the deceased into whose tombs they did cast precious jewels and brought meat and drinke thither and many times their wiues and seruants did shut them in there did willingly statue themselues They did punish adulterie with death and did put out the eyes of theeues Their childrens children or some other of their bloud did inherit their goods and not their owne children except those of kings Men might take as many wiues as they would and did often marie thier owne sisters Thus among the seedes of pietie humanitie and policie they had errours and blemishes like sensuall people which knew not the true God nor his justice The which they did not measure by the perfect rule of nature but according to their corrupt imaginations and their breeding destitute of light and good gouernement Through this defect they did worship the starres as gods and especially an Idoll which had its temple in the citie of Pancacami who spake Oracles vnto them and from whom they attended all their prosperities It is the vsuall course of the Gentiles to whom the mysteries of saluation are not reuealed which are speciall graces And had not these poore Perusians vices in that regard which were common with the auncient Aegyptians Grecians Romans and other such famous nations who haue beene happily drawne from Paganisme to Christianitie among whom the world hath seene so many goodly Churches to flourish by the bountie of kings and Emperours and by the doctrine diligence and exemplarie life of good bishops But the Spaniards nor their commaunders had no such intent as their actions written doe witnesse It was sufficient for them to commaund these ignorant people proudly to make profession of Christians in assisting at the ceremonies vpon paine of death or seruitude And it fell out often I know not through what charitie that many which for feare had caused themselues to be baptised were by them instantly slaine that they might haue no leasure to denie it And thus they sayed they procured their soules health These courses which could not bee pleasing vnto God drew his warth vpon the
sent by Acugna arriued happily being come the night after the 2 day of Nouember within sight of Diu foure miles off from the enemies army the commanders thought it a politike stratagem euery one to carry 4 lanthorns the which succeeded haply for the enemies thâ—nking they had bin so many ships as they saw lights and beleeuing it had bin the whole army they lay close and would not hazard to meet them so as being fauoured by the darknes of the night and the enemies feare being terrified with the former successe and the opinion they had of the army they entred happily into the riuer which made the port of the castle bringing great ioy to their friends who were in that poore estate Turks retire 〈◊〉 from Diu. The Bascha being first in doubt was now resolued to rise hauing no hope to better his condition whose rising was with such disorder and feare as it seemed a very flight Soliman leauing at land about 150 pieces of ordnance as Goez writes 1000 Turks that were wounded another thousand which were gone forth to forrage all which were slain by them of the country to reuenge the iniuries they had receiued The Portugalles got the artillery with some goods of value to repaire the losses they had sustained in those combats The Turkish army being gone from Diu in this confusion Soliman reuenged his disgrace vpon those miserable Portugalls which had bin taken in the Tower whom he had treacherously kept in prison causing them to be all murdred The new gouernor Norogna hearing that his men were freed that ther was no need to goe with an army to Diu he resolued to secure all things in the prouince in quieting the peopls minds the which was easy to effect throgh the reputatioÌ„ which the Portugals had gotten in defending themselues against the Turks forces by the hatred which they had purchased by their thefts Mamudio K of Cambaia and an accord made by him with the Portugalls He therfore made a peace with Mamudio the new K. sisters son to the deceased Badurio Vpon these conditions That the Portugalls should be masters of the fort port of Diu but the king should haue half the customs of the said port that he might raise a wall right against the fort but so farre off as it should no way annoy nor hinder it which concluded he prouided for the gard of the castell sending Iames Sosa for gouernor in Siluerioes place who required rest after so honourable a seruice he had 900 men giuen him for garrison with all fit prouisioÌ„s This yong king was not long quiet but solicited by the ambition of some and by his grandmother desirous to reuenge the death of her son he began to make warre against the Portugalls vpon a pretext to recouer Bazain whereof there had been no mention made in the last accord but it proued a war of no moment 38 After the Emperours retreat out of France Enteruiew of the Pope Emperour and French king at Nice the war being hot in Piedmont pope Paul considering how many miseries this warre brought vnto Christendome fearing and foreseeing the ruine of Italy if it continued hee procured an enteruiew of those two princes and himselfe in the towne of Nice where there was no means to reconcile them there was onely a truce concluded for ten yeares of either side the Alpes both of them holding what they had gotten the pope hoping during this long truce there would be some means found to conclude a peace The emperor returning froÌ„ Nice towards Spain he was staid by the weather about Marseilles where the king sent to intreat him to enter and to rest himselfe vntill the wind were faire for the which he gaue him thanks letting him vnderstand that he desired they might see one another At Aigues mortes Whereunto the king consented and went thither from Auignon being vpon his returne towards France Emperour and French king meet at Aiguesmortes The emperor landed and dined with the king in Aigues mortes the king entred afterwards confidently into the emperors galley where they discoursed long together but what it was few men vnderstood yet they parted with great shews of friendship This yeare one thousand fiue hundred thirtie and nine the emperour the yong prince Philippe his sonne 1539 his two daughters and the whole Court were full of sorrow and heauinesse for the death of the empresse Isabella Death of the empresse Isabella she died the first day of Maie being deliuered of a sonne which followed her soone after they were both much lamented by the young Prince who beganne to feele the heauie crosses whereunto the miserable condition of man is subiect Shee was carried from Toledo where shee died with a funerall pompe befitting so great an Empresse to bee buried in the royall Chappell of Granado which honours were afterwardes religiously reiterated in all the Cities subiect to the Emperour her husband and by King Iohn of Portugall her brother After her death the emperour Charles remained alwayes a widower during the which he had a base son by a maid whose name and family was concealed D. Iohn of Austria he was called D. Iohn of Austria whom he did not aduow vntill his death 39 The emperor being a prince of a great courage and high attempts imbraced many actions so as his reuenues could hardly supply the charge wherefore he sought to draw mony from the people towns that were subiect vnto him Impositions cause of troublâ— by diuers means by subuentions impositions loans and extraordinary beneuolences Among others he would haue the Castillans make him a present whereunto the Nobility should contribute without exemption of any hauing caused it to be propounded in an assembly of the lords noble men of the countrey giuing them to vnderstand it was for the charges of the war he made against infidells whereof the profit and honor was common to them with him Whereunto answer was by D. Iâ—igo of Velasco constable of Castille in all their names That the Nobilitie would neuer suffer their freedoms and liberties to be broken whereat the emperor was very much discontented there hapned at the same time an accident whereby he might see that the nobility of Castille were not easie to be gouerned as they pleased that councelled him and this it was There being a turney held without the city of Toledo where the court lay wheÌ„ the sport was ended the emperor desirous to return towards the citie the presse being great an Alcaide or Prouost meaning to hasten those that marched before Act of choler done by the Infantasgâ— he strucke the duke of the Infantasgos horse with a riding rod vpon the croper he being the chief of the MeÌ„dosas one of the greatest noblemen of Spain who sodenly drawing his sword struck the Alcaide on the head telling him that he shold learn to execute his charge with respect whereupon the dukes seruants
Prouinces of the west Indies From thence hee sent Hinoiosa to Caxamalcan to commaund the troups which were there assembled and himselfe came with the armie to Truxillo appoynting them all a time to come in the valley of Sansaua Gonsaluo Pizarro beeing come to Arequipa hee found not any creature there for all were gone to ioyne with Ceutons troupes who aduanced to fight with him the which hee did Victorie of Pizarro but to his owne losse for hee was defeated and forced to flie hauing three hundred and foure score souldiers slaine vpon the place with some captaines and almost as many taken prisoners with which Pizarro fortified his army distributing them among his bands and of his part there were onely one hundred men slaine By this good successe some others were induced to runne the same fortune with him he promising them great recompences so as holding his forces to be sufficient hee returned towards Cusco with an intent to fight with the imperiall army wheresoeuer hee should find it Army imperiall pursuing Pizarro the which beeing assembled in the valley of Sansaua there were found to be sixteene hundred harquebuziers fiue hundred pikes and seuen hundred horse Spaniards whereof the captaines were Peter Alphonso of Hinoiosa commaunding in qualitie of Generall Aluaredes marshall of the campe Doctor Caruaial Pedro of Vlloa and other Captaines Gabriel de Roias was master of the artillerie The leaders of the horsemen were Pedro Cabrera Gomes of Aluarado Iohn Sauedra Iames Mora Ferdinand Mexia Roderigo Salezar and Alphonso Mendosa all which had reuolted from Pizarro The President had for his councell the Archbishop of the towne of Kings Thomas S. Martin prouinciall of the preaching friers with many others Peter Valduuia gouernour of the Prouince of Chiliane came and ioyned with his armie a man of great experience in matters of warre worthie to be opposed against Francis Caruaial who was the most redoubted captaine the enemy had and in the end vnfortunate Ceuton came and ioyned with them with about fortie horse Being all together they marched towards Cusco whither they vnderstood that Gonsaluo Pizarro was come with his army The Countrey by the which the imperialls did march was rough desart and without victualles so as they suffered much vntill they came to Andaguara where the Countrey is peopled and furnished with victualles and other commodities wherefore they stayed long there for that they would not be consumed with trauell and the tediousnesse of the winter if the enemie should seeke to prolong the warre the which he might easily doe hauing the towne of Cusco and the riuer which passeth by the valley of Seguisagrane at his deuotion In the Spring time of the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie and eight the President caused his army to dislodge from Andaguara and crossed many narrow passages of the mountaines without any difficultie and many riuers whereas Pizarro might haue annoyed them much if hee had not beene negligent and then came and lodged vpon the declining of the hilles in a discommodious place aboue the valley of Seguisagrane in the which Pizarro was camped who wanted not any thing hauing the towne and riuer behind him at his commaundement whereas the imperialls suffered much hunger cold and other discommoditities yet notwithstanding the President did forbeare to fight being aduertised that a good number of the Spaniards that were with Pizarro did but watch an oportunitie to abandon him and to reuolt which he desired might be before they did fight that he might haue the weaker opposition But they could not temporize long in that bad lodging whereas the cold which was great in that season did so benumme the souldiers as they could scarce hold their armes and also for the neerenesse of the two armies which were daily in skirmish so as they were forced to come to a generall battell the which was soone ended For the ordnance was scarce discharged but many of Pizarros armie disbanded openly Defeat of Pizarro among which were Doctor Câ—peda Garci Lazo de la Vega and Alphonso Peres Hita captaines and all the souldiers which remained at the rout of Ceuton went away in one squadron to the imperialls which made the rest retire and to flie the battell some going towards the citie of Cusco which was fiue leagues off and others to other places they that were most affected to Gonsaluo and most guiltie remained about him who being foure in number were of opinion to cast themselues into their enemâ—es troups and to die fighting valiantly rather than to be led bound to an ignomimious death but Gonsaluo told them that seeing Fortune had turned her backe it were better to die Christianlike acknowledging their faults than to perish like pagans in such vanities Being then enuironed by the imperiall horsemen he yielded his armes to Pedro de Vlloa great Prouost of the armie who led him before the President by whom hee was much blamed for his obstinacie yet hee shewed himselfe nothing deiected but answered resolutely to whatsoeuer was demaunded Being giuen in gard to Iames de Ceuton he was for some daies well and modestly intreated not suffering any one to disquiet him either in word or deed All the other Commaunders were in a manner taken that day either with Gonsaluo or in the pursuite except Francis Caruaial who was afterwards found and deliuered by his owne souldiers being hidden among the reeds in a moore thinking to renue the warre if hee might escape All the rest were somewhat lamented but not hee for hee was exceeding cruell and the chiefe author of Pizarros â—rebellion and it was said that by his inhumane councell Pizarro had caused aboue sixe hundred gentlement to be murthered and thrice as many good souldiers Spaniards with an infinite number of Indians and that he neuer was at the death of anie one but he did reuile him with all the opprobrious words he could inuent The rebelles campe remained a prey to the imperialls whereby they were greatly enriched and to preserue the citie of Cusco from sacke and to containe euery one in his duetie and to preuent reuenges which do commonly follow ciuill victories Ferdinand Mexia and Martin Robles were sent thither with two companies Afterwards the prisoners processes were formally made The chiefe of the rebellion were condemned to die as guiltie of treason Gonsaluo Pizarro had his head cut off the which was for a time set in the market place in the citie of Kings Death of Gonsaluo Pizarro for a publike spectacle with this Inscription This is the head of the Traitor and Tyrant Gonsaluo Pizarro who being rebelled and hauing taken armes in the realme of Peru against the most mightie Emperour Charles the fift his prince was vanquished fighting against the standard royall in the valley of Saguisagrane and hath beene thus worthily punished All his goods were forfeited his proud palace which hee had built in the citie of Cusco was ruined the soile sowed with salt and a pillar erected with
the low Countries attended to gard him it being dangerous sailing vpon that coast there came from Southampton a shippe royally appoynted being followed by tenne others which were sent by the Queene to receiue the princes person and his whole Court in the which were many noblemen of England sent to that end 1555 and to present vnto him the order of the Garter which he receiued with a ioyfull countenance and put the garter on his left leg Hee would not haue anie go into the ship with him but the duke of Alba Ruy Gomes de Silua Antonio de Toledo and Pedro Lopes the first was his lord steward the second lord chamberlain the third master of his horse and the last a steward also but afterwards other noblemen and the whole court landed with their furniture which continued three days During the princes stay there he was entertained with all the state that might be desired from thence he went to Winchester where the Queene attended him and where the marriage was celebrated On the 25 of that month Philippe made king of Naples there was first read the renunciation of the emperour his father by the which he resigned vnto him the realme of Naples then the articles of the capitulation made in regard of that marriage The Emperour would not neyther did the English thinke it fit their Queene should marrie with any one that had not the tittle of a King so as the realme of Naples was assigned vnto him and soone after the Duchie of Milan Whereupon the Marques of Pescara was sent to Naples to take possession in his name which ceremonie was done the 25 of Nouember with great solemnity in the presence of cardinall Pacheco then viceroy and of the prince of Bisignano who was created Sindic of the city to that end In the yeere 1555 died pope Iulio de Monte Death of pope Iulio the third hee was of a quiet disposition louing his people but irresolute in his greatest affaires which grew of a desire he had to be friend both to the French king and Emperour who hauing not that art that was requisite to reconcile their old quarrels hee found himselfe often deceiued in his designes and was not beloued of any of them Death of pope Marcel He was succeeded by Marcel Ceruin of Montepulciano cardinall of Sancta Croix a man of a verie good life giuing great hope of his good gouernment but hee died within three weekes after his election confirming a common opinion in the people of Rome that the Popes which change not their name die presently His successour Iohn Peter Caraffa cardinall of Ostia failed not to change his name whom they named Paul the fourth Pope Paul the fourth hee was called Chietin or Thietin of the name of an Order of religious men whereof hee had beene the Author at such time as hee was Bishop of Chieti or Thieti in Abruzzo he was also surnamed the Warrior 16 The same yeare Queene Ioane mother to the Emperour died in the towne of Tordesillas Death of queen Ioane the emperours mother hauing beene alwayes troubled in her sences and distracted since the death of king Philippe her husband vntill that she was threescore and fifteene yeeres old this princesse troubling her selfe infinitely for that she thought she was contemned and that they kept her as a prisoner this ambitious humour of commaund would not suffer her to take any rest so as this sharpe and violent humor of melancholie which she had as it were by inheritance from the Queene D. Isabella a Portugall wife to D. Iohn the second King of Castille her grandmother was continued and augmented in her 17 Henry of Albret king of Nauarre died about that time at Pau Death of Henry of Albret king Nauarre in the fiftieth yeare of his age He ordayned as the Kings his predecessours had done that he would be buried in Pampelone whose bodie was layd at Lescar in Bearne To whose possessions and right to the realme of Nauarre Ioane of Albret his onely daughter succeeded beeing married to Anthonie of Burbon duke of Vendosme Gouernors of Nauarre This realme detained by the Emperour was in the meane time gouerned by Viceroyes about the yeare one thousand fiue hundred and fiftie by D. Barnardin Cardenas duke of Magueda in whose time D. Philippe prince of the Asturies and heire of Castille Arragon c. was sworne prince of Viana and in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and two D. Bertrand de la Cuenâ— duke of Albuquerque took vpon him the gouernement it is hee that was in Guipuscoa whenas the French held Fontarrabie By him there were certaine light enterprises made vpon the frontires of France and vpon the towne of Saint Iohn de Lus in the precedent warres and by the diligence of the said Duke of Albuquerque the prince D. Philip was declared king of Nauarre with the emperours consent by the Estates of the Countrey beeing assembled at Pampelone Death of D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes in the yeere one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and sixe About this time D. Pedro of Nauarre Marquesse of Cortes and Marshall of the realme of Nauarre died at Toledo leauing for heire to his possessions D. Ieronima of Nauarre in fauour of whom her husband D. Iohn de Benauides was made marshall The warre had beene verie hot these last yeares betwixt the French and the imperials vpon the frontiers of Artois and Picardie and in Piedmont the which had extended into Tuscaine whereas Peter Strossy who commanded the French forces was defeated in battell by the Marquesse of Marignan Generall for the emperour Sienna had beene long beseeged by the Imperials Sienna loseth her libertie and defended by the French but in the end it was yeelded and made subiect to the duke of Florence But the French notwithstandingh this bad successe in Tuscaine began to grow strong in Piedmont and seemed to threaten the duchie of Milan where there wanted a Gouernour D. Ferdinand Gonzague being called in Flaunders to iustifie himselfe as hee did of the slaunders wherewith hee was taxed by D. Iohn de Luna a Spaniard Castellan of Milan and the Chaunceller Tauerne Ruy Gomez de Silua imbraced this occasion who beeing much beloued by king Philip and finding the duke of Alba to be a great competitor in his Maiesties fauour hee had practised long by all the policies of a Courteour to send him from Court besides hee was suspected to fauour them that did molest Fernand Gonzague to the end that being called thence the duke might haue meanes to bee sent thither with a large authoritie the which succeeded according to his desire for the warre increasing in Piedment and ill mannaged by them that commanded the king resolued the emperours Councell being also of that minde to send the duke of Alba to reduce it into some better estate But he would not accept of that charge which indeed was great and weighty
in Iulie some say he was poisoned Death of the Prince of Spain others write that he was strangled by foure slaues He was buried in the Monasterie of S. Dominike the royall at Madrid whereas the king D. Pedro the cruel had beene interred Peter Mathew in his French Historie writing of the life and death of king Philip the second he sets downe a formall proceeding of the father against his Sonne in this action the which for that this subiect is so rare and memorable I haue thoght good also to insert After the Princes restra int◠Mathews vpon the death of Prince Charles as wee haue saied the king saith hee propounded to his Councel of conscience what punishment a kings son deserued that had made leagues against his estates and conspired against his fathers life and whether hee might be called in question His Councell laied two remedies before him both iust and possible the one of grace and the other of Iustice and punishment shewing him the difference betwixt the mercie of a father and the sinceritie of a king saying that if by his clemencie he did pardon them which loued him not hee must of force pardon that creature which should be most deare vnto him They desired him to imitate the emperour Charlemaigne who imputed the first conspiracie of his Sonne Pepin against him to the follies of youth for the second he confined him into a Monasterie protesting that he was a father not a king nor a iudge against his Sonne The king answered that by the law of nature he loued his Son better than himselfe but by the law of God the good and safetie of his subiects was to be preferred Moreouer hee demanded if knowing the miseries which the impunitie of his Sonnes offences would breed whether he might with a safe conscience pardon him and not be guiltie of these miseries Whereat his Diuines shrunke in their shoulders and with teares in their eies said that the safetie and health of his subiects ought to be dearer vnto him than his sonnes and that hee ought to pardon offences but such crimes should bee supprest as abhominable monsters Hereupon the king committed his Sonne to the censure of the Inquisitors commending them not to respect his authoritie no more than the meanest within his kingdome and to regard the qualitie of his Sonne as if he were borne a king making no distinction thereof with the partie accused vntill they found that the excesse of his offence would no more admit of this consideration remembring that they carried in their soules a liuelie image of the king which had iudged Angels and should without distinction iudge kings and the Sonnes of kings like vnto other men referring al vnto their consciences and discharging his owne The Inquisitors Iudgement of the inquisitors against the Prince of Spain for that he was charged to haue practised with Castillion Admirall of France the prince of Orange and other enemies of the Romish◠Religion declared him an heretike and for that hee had conspired against his fathers life they condemned him to die The king was his accuser and the Inquisitors his iudges but the sentence was signed by the king which done they presented many kinds of death in picture vnto the prince to make choise of the easiest In the end he demanded if there were no pitie in his father to pardon him no fauour in his Councell for a Prince of Spaine nor any wisdome to excuse the follies of his youth when as they told him that his death was determined could not be reuoked and that all the fauour was in the choise of the easiest death hee said that they might put him to what death they pleased that there was no choise of any death seeing that they could not giue him that which Caesar held to be the best These words deliuered with passion were followed with a thousand imprecations against his fortune against the inhumanity of his father and the crueltie of the Inquisition repeating these words often O miserable Sonne of a more miserable father He had some daies giuen him to prepare himselfe for death 1568 One morning foure slaues entred into his chamber who awaking him put him in mind of his last houre and gaue him some time to prepare himselfe vnto God He start vp suddenly and fled to the bed post but two of them held his armes and the third his feet and the fourth strangled him with a cord of silk Many hold that he died of letting blod his feet being put in warm water But Campana in the life of Philip 2 writes that being in prison he fel verie sick by reason of his disordred diet and drinking too much cold water wherewith his stomack grew so weake as he could not digest any meat which the Phisitions could not helpe so as hee died as he affirms of this sicknes verie religiously and penitenly to the great griefe of the king the whol state moreouer he writes that the king being much perplexed for this great losse retired himselfe into his chamber with two seruants wold not giue any audience then for many daies into the monasterie of S. Ierosme a mile without the town sequestring himself of al affairs writing only to princes potentates causing his secretaries to write vnto all his realms states of the death of his deare only son Thus writers discourse diuersly of the death of this Prince the which I leaue to the iuditious Reader to beleeue what he shall thinke most probable Within foure months after the death of the Prince D. Carlo Death of the queen of Spain the Queene D. Isabella his mother in law died also being broght in bed of her third child before her time the Phisitiōs hauing ignorātly caused her to take too much Phisick fering some other infirmitie this was the brute of the court of Spain But in France they had reason to think that the life of this princesse was shortned like vnto that of D. Charles by some notable malice by the same instruments For they to whom D. Isabella did belong in bloud had been verie carefull to auer the causes maner of her death but not so resolute to call it in question as Clouis sons were to reuenge the iniurie done vnto their Sister in Spaine where she also had beene maried As for the Prince Turkett it was verie cōmon in Spain that the great hatred the king bate him grew rather from the suggestions and reports of others than from his own misdeeds for by nature he was neither giuen to any odious vices Disposition of the prince D. Charles neither was he of so harsh and sower a disposition as commonly great men of that coūtrie be It is true that D. Charles kept his grauitie to courtiers that he shewed himselfe verie ambitious too desirous to mannage affaires and to be imploied and was giuen to some kindes of pleasures Such as would excuse him said
in the Spring and that his ministers at Rome should resolue in euerie occasion concerning the league as they should thinke best without expecting any new order from Spaine From thence he past into Portugall to treat in like manner with the king D. Sebastian concerning the league Disposition of Sebastian king of Portugall This young prince was bred vp in generous thoughts to purchase much glorie by making warre against Infidels and therein to exceed his predecessors hauing in himselfe a naturall disposition to warre an able bodie and practised in those painefull exercises which belong vnto warre hauing beene alwaies laid before him by the Iesuites which instructed him That all his enterprises should bee for the sole benefit of Christendome they had made his mind as religious as his owne nature and the exhortations of his noblemen had made him warlike so as hee did not thinke or reason of any thing but of warre And for that the example of his predecessors did represent vnto him in his sleepe the honourable victories and glorious conquests they had made in Afrike and the East Indies hee in like manner directed all his thoughts to that end The Legat Alexandrino finding him in this disposition did easily draw him to enter into this league against the Turke who not onely promised to send his gallies well appointed to the Christians armie but he would also annoy Selyâ— with another great nauie at Suez and other places held by the Turkes in the red sea and in the gulph of Persia and moreouer the Pope desiring to breake the marriage betwixt Marguerite of Valois and the king of Nauarre he gaue commission vnto the Cardinall to moue this marriage vnto the King of Portugall the which would haue beene somewhat difficult if the king had not beene much deuoted to the Pope who at his intreatie layed aside a strange resolution which was that he would not heare speake of a wife because he would not be held effeminate to the great griefe of his grandmother his vncle and the wisest of his Nobilitie who desired to see some issue of him and the succession of the realme assured In the end he was content to take this French ladie King of Portugal content to take Marguerit of Valois to wiâ—e neither desired he any other dowrie but a generous resolution in king Charles to enter in the league Matters beeing thus setled in Spaine the Cardinall according to his commission past thorough France for the league and marriage but he found no meanes to effect either whereupon he returned into Italy Don Iohn of Austria being much pleased with this honorable charge came from Spaine to Genoua where he stayed not long but arriued on the ninth of August at Naples bringing with him from the Court the great Commander of Castile with the title of his Lieutenant Noblemen with Don Iohn in the army and chiefe Councellor Fernando Cariglia Earle of Pliego his chiefe Steward D. Francisco d' Ibarra D. Pedro Velasco D. Michell Moncada Gil d' Andrada Carlo Spinelli who had followed him as an aduenturer against the Moores with many others With these there ioyned the Dukes of Parma and Vrbin Don Antonio Carrafa duke of Mondragon the Marquis of Carrara D. Pompee of Lanoy Vincentio Carrafa Prior of Hongary the Earle of Sarno the Marquis of Auila Paul Iourdâ—in Vrsin the Earle of S. Fleur Ascanio de la Corne and Paul Sforza Beeing in Naples Cardinall Granuell the Viceroy who in that action had the authoritie of Legat deliuered vnto D. Iohn the Standard as Generall of the Church the which the Pope had blest who solicited his departure towards Messina by many embassages where the whole fleete should ioyne and whether Marc Antonio Colonna was gone long before with twelue gallies of Florence armed by the Pope and three of the Order of S. Iohn But to returne to the seege of Famagosta Mustapha sought by all meanes possible to get the counterscarpe the which was valiantly defended by Marc Antonio Bragadino and Astor Baglioni the one hauing charge of the gouernement the other of the garrison but in the end the Turkes wonne it Batteries of Famagosta About the midst of May they planted fiue batteries and had made ten forts They had in the beginning aduertised the Seigneury of Venice in what state they stood who sent them a supply of seuenteene hundred men with victuals and munition by Marc Antonio Quirini who past valiantly through the Turkes gards and returned these succors were commanded by Lewis Martinengo The Turkes continued their batteries with great obstinacie and had giuen foure assaults where the beseeged repulst them valiantly but with great losse of either side the beseeged hauing held out till the 20 of Iuly beeing now prest with great hunger and want the number of their souldiers beeing diminished to eight hundred and those much tyred most of the Grecians beeing dead either with fighting or with the continuall toyle Beeing terrified with so great miseries and out of hope of any more succors some of the chiefe of the citie besought Bragadino Speech to Bragadino at Famagosta that he would incline to some accord seeing he had made so good proofe of their faith and constancie in that seege No man would euer hold them vnworthie of commendation if after they had endured so many assaults and suffered so much penurie with want of munition after the losse of so many souldiers and citizens and finally beeing without all hope of succours they had prouided at the least for the liues of their children which remayned and for the honour of poore miserable women that he would not in recompence of their deuotion which they had alwaies shewed to the common-weale of Venice be the cause of the totall ruine of their citie and suffer their wiues and children who had spent so much bloud and offered their bodies to death for their seruice to become a shamefull prey to their Turkish lust there remaining no hope of health but by the meanes of some accord That it was a thing worthie of a wise Noblemen as he was to choose the least of euils And last of all to remember that it was held a brutish crueltie and no valour to runne headlong to a certaine death where there is no hope of life Bragadino knew that their request was just and that their extremities were great yet forcing his owne nature and desiring to preserue the realme which depended wholly vpon the losse of that place he did not thinke it possible that the Senat would neglect so weightie a businesse and not send the succours which had beene promised Wherefore hee would not yeeld to their demaund but fed them with good words putting them in hope of present succours dispatching a fregat presently into Candie to aduertise the Seigniorie of their extremities In the end of Iulie the Turks gaue an assault which continued fiue houres but the besieged seeing there was no meanes to endure another Famagosta
the fift of Iulie the citie was burnt the Ladies Nunnes and other women and children being safely sent to Saint Marieport with their apparell and iewels euerie man being forbidden to search them vpon paine of death I haue thought good to annexe vnto the end of this relation for a remembrance to posteâ—â—tie the names of such as receiued the Order of Knighthood from the Generals as a testimonie of their well deseruing in this worthie action Sir Samuel â—â—gnol Sir Arthure â—â—uage The Earle of Sussex The Lord Burke Cont Lodowike Sir Williâ—â— Howard Sir George Deâ—ereux Sir Henrie Neuel Sir Edwin Rich. Sir Richard Leuen Sir Peter Egomort Sir Anthonie Ashley Sir Henrie Leonard Sir Richard Leuison Sir Horatia Vere Sir Arthâ—re 〈◊〉 Sir Miles Corâ—et Sir Edward Conway Sir Oliuer Lâ—mbert Sir Anthonie Cooke Sir Iohn Townsend Sir Christopher Heydon Names of such as were knighted at Cadiz Sir Francis Popham Sir Philip Woodâ—oâ—se Sir Alexander Clifford Sir Mâ—â—rice Barkley Sir Charles Blunt Sir George Gifford Sir Robert Crosse. Sir Iames Eseâ—damâ—â—e Sir 〈◊〉 Leigh Sir Iohn Leigh alias Lee. Sir Richard Weston Sir Richard Waiâ—man Sir Iames Wotton Sir Richard Ruddal Sir Robert Mansel Sir William Mouâ—son Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Edward Bowes Sir 〈◊〉 Druel Sir 〈◊〉 Preston Sir Robert Remington Sir Iohn Bâ—cke Sir Iohn Morgan Sir Iohn Aâ—ridge Sir Iohn 〈◊〉 Sir Mathew Browne Sir Iohn Acton Sir Thomas Gates Sir Giâ—â—â—e Mâ—rricke Sir Thomas Smith Sir William Pooley Sir Thomas Palmer Sir Iohn Stafford Sir Robert Louel Sir Iohn Gilbert Sir William Harâ—ey Sir Iohn Gray D. Christopher prince of Portugal Sir Iohn Vanderfoâ—â—d Admiral of the Hollanders Sir Robert Dudley 8 August Thus this triumphant English armie left Cadiz hauing receiued from the duke of Medina Sidonia nine and thirtie English prisoners which had beene slaues in the Spaniards hands Which done they past along the coast of Portugall they tooke spoyled and burnt Farol Farol burnt by the English they marcht into the countrey thereabouts after which exploit they shaped their course for England Hauing done this great affront to the king of Spaine they left him full of rage and desire of reuenge Fleet of Spaniards prepared against England whereupon presently after the retreat of the English he gaue commandement to the Adelantado of Castille to prepare a mightie fleet wherein he imployed great care and diligence so as it was readie the same yeare But this fleet had a farre different successe to that of England It consisted of fourescore ships which went out of Lisbone the eight of October 1596. They coasted along Gallicia to goe and joyne with the Generall of Biscaie where they had leuied some troupes of souldiers the Adelanâ—â—do comming to double cap S. Vincent in the night it seemes he mistooke his reckoning and â—ell short of the cap where they were taken with a cruell storme in the which fiue and fortie of their ships were cast away Spanish fleet cast away on Symon and Iâ—des day and the rest were so shaken with the storme as they had great difficultie to saue them so as their enterprise proued vaine that yeare This yere also they treated in Spaine of the canonizing of blessed S. Raymond Canonization of S. Râ—ymond desired by the Spaniards the which was afterwards effected at Rome They renewed their suit vnto the Pope which had bin made many yeares before to diuers of his predecessors After that instance had bin made vnto his Holinesse by the townes of the realme of Arragon who had sent Paul Costabile Generall of the preaching Friers of which Order S. Raymond had beene also Generall the Pope hauing pronounced thâ—t they should passe on to perfect this businesse the Archbishop of Taracona came to Barcellona with two bishops and the Proctor generall of S. Dominicke to reuiew Saint Raymonds â—odie the which was done with great ceremonie and authenticall writings sent to Rome to prosecute the rest About the same time Luca Calnacanti Chamberlaine to the Pope arriued being sent with two cardinals hats by him to Francis d' Auila Archdeacon of Toledo and to Ferdinand Nugnes de Gueuara President of the royall Councell who had beene newly created cardinals being exhorted by his Holinesse to passe with all speed to Rome as they did that Winter so as in the beginning of the next yeare they come into Italie hauing a good opportunitie to passe in those gallies which were come from Genoua whithâ—r the duke of Maqueda should also haue gone being appointed by the King to be Viceroy of Sicile but he was stayed many monethes by some sinister accidents And there arriued also Alphonso Gariglia who required a great aid of money for the prince of Transyluania to maintaine the warre against the Turke who found the king 〈◊〉 well 〈◊〉 not with standing that hee was inforced to maintaine warre in diuers places to his exceeding great toyle and charge Yet he satisfied that princes desire with abountifull hand and giue free libertie to the Popes Agents to buy a quantitie of come in his realmes to 〈◊〉 the state of the Church And then about the end of September the Indian fleet arriued safely at Seuille being verie rich the which did much comfort the Spaniards after the great losses they had sustained by the English armie 1597 There was nothing did more afflict the minds of the Spaniards Spaniards incensed against the English than their hatred and disdaine of the English being not able to endure not onely to be troubled in their traffique to the Indies and their rich fleets to be layâ—d for piercing euen into the heart of America but also to inuade the continent of Spaine with a royall armie and to land there by by force incountring spoyling and burning their ships euen in their ports Preparation in Spaine for a new armie Being therefore tormented with a desire of reuenge and grieued that the last yeares fleet being ruined by tempest could not effect what they had designed there was a new order giuen that many galleons should bee armed and new troupes of souldiers should bee leuied not onely in Spaine but also in Italie The king therefore touching matters of warre gaue an extraordinarie authoritie to the Cont Fuentes who was newly returned from the gouernement of Flanders They caused all ships of foreine countries to be stayed within their ports with an intent to make vse of them in this armie but the king falling verie sicke this preparation was somewhat stayed they being doubtfull of his life both in respect of his great age and the violence of his infirmitie And so the souldiers which were leuied for this seruice were sent to lodge some in Gallicia and some in Biscaie to bee fitly imbarked when time should serue The important cause concerning Marchants and Bankers Controuersie in Spaine touching the Bankers was now in question in Spaine they hauing for many yeares furnished the king with money for his warres in Flanders and other places