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A12485	The prudentiall ballance of religion wherin the Catholike and protestant religion are weighed together with the weights of prudence, and right reason. The first part, in which the foresaide religions are weighed together with the weights of prudence and right reason accordinge to their first founders in our Englishe nation, S. Austin and Mar. Luther. And the Catholike religion euidently deduced through all our kings and archbishopps of Canterburie from S. Austin to our time, and the valour and vertue of our kings, and the great learninge and sanctitie of our archbishopps, together with diuers saints and miracles which in their times proued the Catholike faith; so sett downe as it may seeme also an abridgement of our ecclesiasticall histories. With a table of the bookes and chapters conteyned in this volume.; Prudentiall ballance of religion. Part 1	Smith, Richard, 1566-1655.	1609 (1609)	STC 22813; ESTC S117627	322,579	664

began saith Fox Acts pag. 201. appellations from Councells to the Pope by Henrie Bishopp of Winchester brother to the King In this Kings time Anno 1137. saith Bale Cent. 2. cap. 63. began in England the Monkes called Robertins of Robert their beginner But Capgraue in the life of Robert saith these Monks were Cistertians Monks enter into Engl●nd In this time saith Bale ibidem entred into England the Moncks called Praemonstratenses Anno 1145. And Anno 1147. began the Gilbertin Monks and Nonnes founded by S. Gilbert Lord of Sempringham Cambd. Brit. p. 475. Neubrig l. 1. c. 16. Capgraue in Gilberto And this time Nicolas Breackspear an English Monke and Cardinall afterward Pope conuerted Norway sayth Bale l. cit ad Papismum to Papistrie And so manifestly were the times vnder King Stephen Papisticall as Bale cent 2. c. 74. speaking of them saith here we vnderstand that there was great want of the pure doctrine of Christ Iesus And cap. 73. saith it was a most corrupt age In this Kings time died also Saint William Archbishop of York Kinsman to King Stephan a man saith Godwin in his life very noble by birth but much more noble in vertue and good maners Saints Miracles many miracles writeth he are said to be vvrought at his Tombe King Henrie II. XXXVII 6. IN the yeare of our Lord 1155. King Henrie second grandchild by the Empresse Maude to Henri 1. succeded and reigned 33. yeares The vvorthines of King Henrie 2. He was saith Fox Acts pag. 234. Eloquent learned manly and bould in chiualrie The like hath Cooper Anno. 1155. and Stow pag. 216. Cambd. pag. 247. hath much of his praise out of Catholick writers of that time Vnder him saith Fox Acts pag. 224. the Dominion of England extended so far as hath not bene seene before VVhom Histories record to haue possessed vnder his rule First Scotland to whome VVilliam King of Scots with his Lords temporall and spirituall did homage both for them and their successors the seale wherof remaineth in the Kings Tresurie as also Ireland England Normandie Guiens Aquitan vnto the mountains of Pirenei He was offered also to be King of Ierusalem by the Patriarch and Maister of the Hospitall Now let vs see what was the religion of this potent King His Rom. Religion and of England when her Dominion was the largest that euer it was First Fox Acts pag. 234. telleth how this King heard Masse Secondly Stow pag. 232. telleth how he built the Nonrie of Font Euerard the Priorie of Stoneley of S. Martin in Douer and of Basing weck To which Cambd. in Brit. pag. 488. addeth Newsted in Nottingham shier and pag. 321. Circester in Glostershier Carthusiian Monks come into England Thirdly he brought Carthusians into England and built them a house at Withan Godwin in vit Hugonis Lincoln Houed saith this was An. 1186. Bale Cent. 2. cap. 63. saith it was 1180. And after Carthusians saith he came in Kinghts of Rhodes and of the Temple And Cambd. Brit. pag. 728. saith the Carmelits were brought in at this time Fourthly saith Stow pag. 216. he was directed cheefely by Thomas Becket in all things Fiftly saith the same Stow pag. 218. He obtained of Pope Adrian 4. both to haue Dominion of the Irish people Bal. Cent. 2 p. 180. and also to instruct them in the ●udiments of faith And the Pope in the letters of the grant calleth him a Catholick Prince Sixtly he Lewis King of France going on foote performing the office of lackeis and houlding the bridel of his horse on the right and lef● side Baron tom 12. conducted Pope Alexāder with great pompe through the Cittie Taciac vnto the riuer of Loir Robert Monten Genebre in Chron. Bale Cent. 2 c. 94. Neubrigen l. 2. c. 14. Thom. Cant. in Ep. ad Henr. 2. Seuenthly Houed p 502. setteth doune the letter of Gilbert Bishop of London to the Pope in which the Bishop writeth that the K. neuer auerted his minde from the Pope nor euer ment it but would loue him as a Father and reuerence the Church of Rome as his mother and had assisted the Pope in all his necessities with all his hart and strength And pag. 550. relateth a letter of Cardinals who writ of the King how obedient he shewed him selfe to the Church of which said they in this our short relation it is not needfull to relate Eightly Fox pag. 227. Cooper An. 1072. and others write that he agreed with the Pope that he should not hinder appeales to Rome and that nether the King nor his sonne should departe from Pope Alexander so long as he should count him or his sonne for Catholicks Bale Cent. 3. cap. 4. saith He permitted Appeals to the Pope and willingly submitted him selfe and his Kingdom to the Popes pleasure And English men came into greater subiection of Antichrist than euer at any tyme before Ninthly he persecuted certain German Hereticks whome Bale Cent. 2. cap 95. calleth Christians and others whome Bale cap. 97. calleth preachers of Gods word And Houed pag. 1573. reporteth that he and the King of France purposed to goe in person against the Albigenses whome Protestants commenly acount brethrem of their Church Finally his death was thus Cùm eger esset saith Houed pag. 654. VVhen he was sick vnto deathe he caused him self to be caried into the Church before the Altar and there he deuoutly receaued the communion of the body blood of our Lord confessing his sinnes And being absolued by the Bishop and Clergie he died And the times of this King were so manifestly Roman Catholick See more of this K. Rom. relig in Baron tom 12. as Fox Acts pag. 224. saith This age was all blinded and corrupted with superstition And yet pag. 225. affordeth it then the name of a Christian Realme that had the word of God And p. 227. noteth the blind and lamentable superstition and ignorance of these dayes Bale Cent. 3. cap. 14. cryeth out that sub Honorio 2. vnder Honorius 2. The life of man was corrupted vpon earth by Antichristian Traditions Saints In this Kings time liued the holy Eremit S. Gudrig Vir saith Cambd. Brit. p. 668. antiqua Christiana simplicitate totus Deo deuotus A man of ancient Christianlie simplicitie wholly deuoted to God Whose holines is described by diuers Capgraue Houed Miracles Anno. 1169. VVestmon Anno. 1171. Neubrigen lib. 2. c. 20. and 28. In his time also liued and died glorious S. Thomas of Canterb. of whose miracles Fox Acts pag. 225. saith he hath seene a booke to the number of 270. of curing all diseases belonging to man or Woman amongst which he nameth one most subiect as he thought by reason of the matter to laughter But who considereth that all the membres of our body were alike created of God may as wel be restored by him again when they are lost and weigheth the testimony which Fox bringeth him self

Kings of the West Contrie who in time subdued the rest and whose roiall blood yet inioyeth the crown in their rightfull heire both by the English and Scottish line His maiestie descended of the VVest Saxon Kings by both the English and the Scottish line our Souerain Lord King Iames. If any askt me why God permitted the Western Kings to conquer the rest I will not take vpon me to haue bene of Gods counsel yet haue I noted diuers notable things peculier to them which whither they might moue God to blesse them with such temporall benediction or no I leaue to the reader to iudg The first is First Christian K. of vvest saxons became a Monke that the first Christian King of that Contrie namely Kinegilsus left his Kingdome and became a Monk as testifieth Fox Acts. pag. 110. 134. which we read not of the first Christian Kings of the other Kingdoms VVest saxon Kings first vvent to Rome The second is that the kings of this Contrie first left their Kingdoms and went on Pilgrimage to Rome This is manifest by S. Beda lib. 5. cap. 7. in the valiant King Ceadwall Who in the year 689. before all other kings wēt on Pilgrimage to Rome The third is First made their kingdom tributary to the See Apostol that these kings first of all other our Princes made this land tributaire to Rome for the Peter pence This all our Chronicles write of King Ina in the yeare 726. These three notable things these Kings performed first and therfor perhaps their Kingdom continewed longest But now to come to the Kings in particuler King Kynegilsus first Christian King of the west Saxons or west Countrie 2. THe first Christian King of the West Saxons was Kinegilsus alias Cynegilsus Kinegilsus 1 Christiā K. of the VVest Saxons who began his reigne An. 611. as some write or as o●hers 612. two or thre yeares before the death of S. Austin our Apostle if he died not before 614. as Malmsb. recordeth The valour of K. Kinegilsus and reigned 31. yeares He was cōuerted to the Christian faith Christened by S. Birin in the yeare of our Lord 635. was a valiant Prince and had prosperous successe in his warrs against the Britons and against Penda the cruel Pagan King of the Mercians or Middle English K. Kynigilsus a Rom Catholick As for the faith of this ancient and valiant King that appeareth to be Roman Catholick many wayes First because he was conuerted by S. Birin whome both Catholicks and Protest grant to haue bene sent hither by Pope Honorius Beda lib. 3 cap. 7. Godvvin in Birin Cooper An. 6●6 Bal Cent. 13. cap. 4. who was the fourth Pope after Boniface 3. which Pope Protestants as is shewed before cap. 13 account the first Antichrist and head of the Papist Church because he procured Phocas the Emperor to declare that he was head of the Church and in like sort they account of all the Popes since that time And it is not likly that Pope Honorius would send any hither that did not beleeue him to be head of the Church in which point as D. Reinolds and D. Whitaker say the essence of a Papist doth consist Besides this Honorius in his Epistle in Beda lib. 2. cap. 18. plainly calleth S. Peter head of the Apostles and cap. 17 he sendeth two Palls one to the Archbishop of Canterburie and another to the Archb. of York K Kinegilsus conuerted by a Canon regular more ouer he was a Canon regular as saith Ciacon in his life as also was S. B●rin whome he sent which order Bale Cent 1. cap. 82. calleth one of the hornes of the beast and Cent. 1. cap. 70. plainly refuseth Honorius as a Papist saying P. Honorius a Papist He instituted the feast of the Exaltation of the holy Crosse added the inuocation of the dead Saints to Greg. Letanies and ordainet that there should be a Procession euery Saboth day Hence the Procession in Churches seeme to haue had their beginnings Secondly the same S. Birin Apostle as Camb. calleth him in Brit. pag. 338. of the Westsaxons S. Birins esteme of a Corporas wa● so addicted to masse and things belonging therto a● for the loue of a Corporas which he had left on the shoare when he tooke shipp for England Miracle touching a Corporas when he could not perswade the mariners to retu●ne to fetch it he aduentured his life by walking on the sea to goe for it as Malmsb. lib. 2. Pont. pag. 241. Iornelasensis and so many Authors affirme as saith Fox lib. 2. pag. 122. I can not but maruel And if he were not obstinat could not but beleeue And Capgrane in his life saith that his bones were founde in Pope Honorius 3. and Archb. Stephans time with a leaden Crosse vpon his brest a little Chalice and two stoles Thirdly this King became a Monk as Fox testifieth lib. 2. pag. 110. and 134. and for what ende hath bene before declared which is an euident badg of Papistrie Fourthly his Godfather in baptisme was King Oswald as Beda saith lib. 3. cap. 7. which Oswald erected Crosses and prayed before them and being to die him selfe prayed God to haue mercy on the soules departed out of Beda cap. 2. cap. 12. which are euident tokens of Papistrie Fiftly This truth is euident by the open confessions of our aduersaries For Bale Cent. 13. cap. 4. writeth that Protestāts confesse K. Kinegilsus to haue bene a Papist Birini opera c. By the industrie of Birin in the yeare of our Lord 635. Dorchester with the Contrie therabout vnder pretence of the Gospel receaued the Papisticall faith And that S. Birin was enrolled amongst the Papisticall Saints Thus the Roman religion of this first Christian King is both euident and confessed Holie men in K. Kinegilsus time 3. In this Kings time besides S. Austin and his fellowes of whose miracles wrought for the testimonie of the Roman Catholick faith is before spoken See Bed lib. 3. cap. 7. Sur. tom 6. Malmsb lib. 2 Pont. Capgraue in Birin liued the saide S. Birin whome to omit Catholick authors Cooper Chron. An. 636. calleth a holy man Cambd. in Brit. pag. 338. saith He was admirally famous for the opinion of sanctitie Godwin in his life saith he was a very zelous and deuout man The holines of the conuerter of K. Kinegilsus to the Cath. faith And Fox Acts lib. 2. cap. 122. saith that by his godly labors he conuerted the King to the faith of Christ And amongst others his miracles walked as is said vpon the seas a thing scarce heard of since S. Peeters time to fetch his corporas Fox dare not denie S. Birin VValking on the sea to fetch a Corporas which is so certain as Fox L. cit dare not deny yet saith he if we will beleeue him on his word that if this miracle were done it was not done for the

new doctrine it was very inconstant both in particuler points in his whole religion For in his answer to P. Leo his Bull in Fox pag. 1170. he writeth thus I imbrace with the full trust of my spirit thse Articles in the said Bull condemned and affirme that the same ought to be holden of all faithfull Christians vnder paine of eternall damnation And pag. 1174. I confesse saith Luther all these things condemned here by this Bull for pure clear and Catholick doctrine And yet Fox noteth in the Margent pag. 1167. thus He retracteth these Articles he recalleth these And 1. Galat. fol. 36. whether it be saith Luther Cyprian Austin Ambrose either Peter Paul or Ihon or an Angel from heauen that teacheth otherwise yet this I know assuredly that I teach not the things of man but of God And yet him self lib. de Captiuit writeth thus I admitted the Papacie to be good by mans law And ibid. he admitteth three sacraments for a time as he speaketh And yet soone after cast away the third sacrament and the Papacie vtterly And lib. cont Catharin he maketh this recantation Luther reiecteth vvhat he taught vnder paine of damnation I confesse that in the beginning I thought ill of indulgences of the Pope the Church of Rome Councels c. And yet as you see he taught his doctrine of indulgences and other things as pure Catholick and to be held of all Christians vnder paine of damnation Wherfore vaine is the excuse which Feild lib. 3. of the Church cap. 42. maketh for Luther by the example of Saint Austin who reuoked some things which he had taught Feilds excuse of Luthers inconstancie reiected For Saint Austin reuoked what he had taught as his owne probable opinion but Luther reuoked many things which him self had taught as points of faith and to be beleeued vnder paine of damnation and therfore was inconstant and wauering in his faith which Saint Austin was not 7. And the like inconstancie he vsed touching his whole religiō doubting for a lōg time whether he should returne to Catholicke faith or goe on with his Protestancy For Anno. 1518. which was the second yeare of his new preaching Luthers submission to the Pope after he had begun protest he wrote thus to the Pope as Fox pag. 771. Paralip Vrspergen and others do witnes Most holy Father I offer my selfe prostrate at the feet of your Holines with all that I am that I haue saue me kil me call me recall approue me reproue me as you please your voice the voice of Christ in yow speaking I will acknowledg If I haue deserued death I will be content to die And againe made a Protestation saith Paralip Vrspergen that he wold nether say nor hold any thing which the Church of Rome did not And after this the same yeare being cited by Cardinall Caietan to appeare before him at Augusta he came saith Fox pag. 772. yeelding his obedience to the Church of Rome and by writing exhibited to the Cardinall acknowledged his excesse in speach against the Popes dignitie and promised to make amends for the same in the pulpit And as touching the matter of pardons saith Fox he promised to proceed no further in any mention therof so that his aduersaries likewise were bound to keep silence Likewise An. 1519. which was the third yeare of his Protestācy he wrote as Sleidan confesseth that in humane things nothing is more excellent than the Church of Rome beside Christ only And in publick disputation the same yeare confessed freely as Melancthō cited by Paralip Vrsper writeth that the Pope is the vniuersall Bishop And yet againe An. 1520. which was the fourth year of his new doctrine he submitted him self saith Cooper in Chron. to the Bishop of Rome so that he might not be compelled to recant his writings Cooper An. 1510. Paralip vsperg 16. Fox pag. 1169. But finding that all his submissions wold not be accepted without he recanted and that the same year his doctrine was condemned as Hereticall and him self pronounced an Heretick vnles he recalled it with in 60. daies and being secure by the protection of the Prince Elector he resolued to proceed in his wicked course and so went on from naught to worse vntil he died an 1546. Protestāts beholden to Luthe●s pride for their religion But thus you see that as long as Luther had any hope to escape recantation he still offered to giue ouer his Protestancie which plainly sheweth how ill him self liked it and that onely pride and want of humilitie moued him to maintaine it CHAP. V. By what means Protestantisme spred so far 1. lib. de praescript THe ancient writer Tertullian noted that in his time some weak and wauering Christians wondered that Heresies spred so far and preuailed with so many And perhaps in our dayes some may in like sorte wonder that Protestantisme is so far extended But let thes wonderors as Tertulian termeth them consider that the Mahumetans impietie and the Arian heresie which denied the Godhead of Christ were far larger Let them also consider what Luther saieth 5. Galat. fol. 251. that their is no doctrine so wicked foolish and pernitious Luther which the world doth not gladly admit embrace and defend and moreouer reuerently entertaineth cherisheth and flattereth the professors therof Let them I say consider this with that which anon I shall add and they will leaue to maruel of the spreading of Protestancie which as all Heresies vse to doe creepeth like a Canker Besides that indeed though the name of Protestants and Protestant religion be far spred yet nether could Luther in his life time far extend his doctrine For as him self confesseth 4. Galat fol. 199. 229. he litle preuailed Luther could not far extend his doctrin And fol. 253. few saith he are by our Ministerie translated out of the bondage of the Diuel And fol. 154 Euen now whiles we liue and employe all our diligence to set forthe the office and vse of the law and Gospel ther be very few euē among those that wil be counted Christians and make profession of the Gospel vvith vs that vnderstand those things rightly And after his death ther is scarce any prouince cittie or person which entirely holdeth Luthers doctrine So that as Tertulian said of valentinians that they were in many places but Valentin their founder no wher So may we say that Lutherans or Protestants are in diuers Countries but Luther in none Which him self not onely feared but forsaw and fortold Galat. 4. fot 154. 201. And no maruel for if Luther were not constant to him selfe how could his scholers be constant to him if he controlled all the Fathers vpon pretence of greater light why shold his followers forbear him 2. But to call all that chaos and confused Masse of opposit errors Protestantisme which this day goeth vnder that name and sprung first from Luther and after was increased by others and to omit the

to England which were inestimable within two years after to wit An. 1540. imposed a great tax vpon both Clergy Layty as neuer was heard of before in England as yow may read in Stow other And withall coined base mony in great aboundance which was after called downe to halfe valowe Protestancie at first entrance vndid English men soules bodies goods houses Churches monuments Thus yow may see how Protestancie or rather one pointe therof to wit The deniall of the Popes supremacie altered this K. from a liberall and clement Prince to a most cruel couetous mā how it entred into our Coūtry not only with the losse of our Contrymens soules but also of their goods and liues made such hauock of mē weemē of churches houses ancient Monuments stately buildings as if some fury had come out of Hel or somme mortall enemy had gon roging vp down our Contry Protestāts vvish of Geneua and Beza Surly who well considereth this may say of Protestācy as Bācroft in his suruey c. 3. saith of Geneua It had bene better for this Ilād if neuer English mā nor Scotish mā had bene acquainted there And of Luther as he c. 8. saith of Beza those Churches that followe Bezas humor may iustly wish he had neuer ben born And the Dāgerous Positioner l. 1. c. vlt. saith he thincketh the Scottish Ministers wrought more mischeefe in that Country in 30. years thā the P. of Rome had done before in 500. 3. Miserable successe after Protesancie Finally the succes which this King reaped by his alteration was most miserable For wheras before he was loued of English-men at home and feared of strangers abroad after this change made he was secure of neither For first Lincolnshyre men rose against him to the number of 20. thousand Commotions streight after Yorkshier men to the nūber of 40. thousand And these insurrections being appeased the Yorkshier men twise after attempted an insurrection And from abroad he was accursed of the Pope and stoode in continuall feare that some forreigne Prince would inuade his Land Prophetie of F. Peto And as Frier Peto then tould him to his face openly in the Pulpit at Greenwich that if he proceeded in his course it woule befal to him as it did to Achab. that doogs should lick his blood there should not be one left of his issue to pisse against a wall The first wherof was seene to be fulfilled after his death when the lead wherin his body was wrapt whilst in the carriage therof to Winsor it stood in the ruins of the monastery of Syon broke and his blood ran out which the doggs lick vp as a graue writer reporteth out of their mouth that sawe it and the second we all now see to be accomplished 4. Catholick religion thus maimed in one point by King Henry was after his death heere turned into Protestancy First in K. Edwards time and after in Queene Elizabeth reigne But who considereth by what authority by what meanes whose procurment it was done A child first and after a vvoman authors of Protestancie in England may iustly think that it was not wrought by God For Protestancie was set vp not by the authority of any man but first by the authority of a child of 9. yeares ould scarce come to the vse of reason and not fit to gouern himself and after by the authority of a woman Meane onely vvil and teror The meanes by which it was set vp was nether miracle nor extordinarie vertue of the first preachers of it or their publick confuting by disputation their aduersaries as Catholick religion was set vp by S. Austin Frocurers laie men but meerely the will of the Protector in King Edwards time and of the Qeeene in her time and the terror of lawes Which meanes are more seeming as befitting Turkish than Christiā religiō And lastly the procurrers of this change were not Bishops or Diuins but ether wholly Laymen ignorant of Scripture diuinity against the will of all the Bishops as it was in Queene Elizabeths time or principally Lay-men against the consent of the best learned of the Pastors as in K. Edwards time And how little these men cared for religion but euen against their conscience sought their owne aduancements appeareth by the Duke of Northumberland a principall Doer in the alteration in K. Edwards time who stuck not to tell euen in that time to M. Anthonie Browne after created Vicount Mountaigue as I haue often heard of his honorable and vertuous Lady lately deceased D of Northumb confesseth that against his conscience he set vp the nevv region that he knew the Roman religion to be the truth but yet said he since we haue begon with this new run God run Diuel we wil go forward And that religion was but a colour of his ambitious pretences is also euident by what Stow writeth of him For fi●st he repeateth his Oration to the Lords wherin he saith that Gods cause and the preferment of his new word was the originall grownd of proclaming Queene Iane Sleidan lib 25. An. 1553. and after reciteth his words at his death where he professeth the Rom. Catholick faith and professed that he did not for hope of life but for conscience and acknowledged the euils then hapned to England to haue comen by the new religion By this iudg of the rest and now let vs return to Luther CHAP. VII That Luther was ignorant or meanly learned 1 Luthers yong years 1. THat Luther was but meanly learned whē he first begā Protestātisme I wil proue many waies First by his yong years for he was but 34. years ould when he began this new doctrine At what yeares men haue rather the ground of learning 2 Studied in no famous vniuers Fox p. 770. than are any way excellently learned Secondly he studied in no famous vniuersity nor vnder any notable Maister For the chefest place wher he studied was Erphord in Germany a place of no name and his Maisters names are so obscure as they are not knowne vnles we reckon his black Maister wherof we shall speack heerafter I might also adde that he was brought vp in a monastery because D. Whitak cont Dur. p. 733. saith what can we expect out of Monasteries but Monkish superstitions vnlearned 3 Corporal impediment of studie Thirdly he had a very great impediment of studie For tom 2. pag. 22. thus he writeth I dare not read two whole leaues togeather nor two or three lines of a psalme nor looke vpon any thing long For streight I haue a noise in my ears that I am faine to lay dovvne my head to the forme 2. Fourthly I proue Luthers ignorance by his doctrine For as Feild lib. 4 of the Church c. 24. graunteth His ignorant doctrin Luther made question of S. Iames epist of others Wittak cont Dur. p. 12. saith he vvrote disgracefully of it p. 20