Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	choose_v	grave_a	great_a	38	3	2.1049	3	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A13122	1582. Ianuarij decimus. The pathwaie to martiall discipline Now newly imprinted, and deuided into three bookes. Wherevnto is added the order and vse of the Spaniards in their martiall affaires: which copie was lately found in the fort in Ireland, where the Spaniards and Italians had fortified themselues. The first booke: entreateth of the offices from the highest to the lowest, with the lawes of the field, arming, mustering, and training of souldiers. The second boore [sic]: entreateth of sundrie proportions and training of caleeuers, and how to bring bowes to a great perfection of seruice: also how to march with a campe royall: with diuers tables annexed for the present making of your battells, as otherwise to know how many paces they require in their march & battels from 500. to 10000. The third booke: comprehendeth the very right order of the Spaniards, how to traine, march, and encampe, with diuers tables therein contained.; Pathwaie to martiall discipline	Styward, Thomas.; Gutierrez de la Vega, Luis, b. ca. 1509. De re militari. English. aut; Lichefield, Nicholas.	1582 (1582)	STC 23414; ESTC S117930	83,311	166

that hee was forewarned that whatsoeuer is to be done by them may be done in their course and order thereby to auoyde all brawles and iarres which myght happen amongest Officers euerie man knowing what appertaineth to his charge When the face of the Battaile must bée turned hee muste giue warning that euerie manne turne his face and not his Weapons that there doe no noise arise in such cases And this may be done best and most readilie if euerie souldier kéepe the point of his weapon in his hande which doth giue a glorious shew and besides that doth make them readie to lay on their shoulders againe if they haue cause to march againe at length and he shall giue order whē the army remouing do come to any straight passage or other discommodious place which may break their order that euerie ranke doe passe after another and when they he beyond y e straight that then they place them in order againe which being obserued in euerie rank they may presently be in some order as they were before the readier to be brought to the formes squares before rehearsed And when anie charge or commandement is to be giuen see it set and ordeined in the Rereward and when there is nothing to bee done hee shall raise the armie Hée shal likewise commaund that euerie Ensigne march with his owne companie to the end when they come to be incamped they may the easiliar be brought to their lodging appointed for them Of the electing and office of the foure Corporals of the fields GReat regard woulde be had to the choosing of these as well for their calling yeares and valiantnesse as otherwise for their experience lenitie and wisedome Whereby these Warlike affaires may be the readier and sooner executed otherwise it may be preiudiciall to the whole Armie These be vnder the Sergeant generall to appoint set order and make battaile and battailes and and to guide euerie particular personne therein according to their degree and office and as the necessitie of the same shall require to instruct and reforme whose commaundementes all Captaines and Souldiers with their Officers must obeie But in march approch camizado skirmish retraite watch warde or what other seruice by them shal be commanded whose authoritie likewise is such as if any resist they shall by the Prouost matiall be punished as rebels of what calling or degrée soeuer they be Two of these are appointed to the placing and ordering of shot and the other two for the embatteling of the pikes and bile who according to their worthinesse if death happeneth are to succeed the great Sergeant or Sergeant maior Of the warlike counsell and their oathes SUch must by the Generall of the armie be appointed and chosen twelue honest wise graue men the which saide twelue he shall appoint to bee his iudges and determiners in all martiall discipline and correction His choise is to bee made of Captaines or otherwise at his pleasure so hee bee of staied iudgement and of honest sobrietie The which said iudges being is elected and chosen shall haue their wages accordingly appointed them who except in great extremitie shall bee watch frée These shall sweare and protest solemnitie by the almightie God vnto the saide Generall that they will serue the Prince by the moneth in that p●●●● which they are chosen and called to that they wil seriusly faithful obedient and dutiful vnto the Generall in all néedfull and lawfull affaires and at al times vprightly indifferently to iudge all causes comming before them to bée obedient to the commandements of the Generall standing with equitie and the lawes of the fielde that they will to the vttermost power indeuour them selues to giue counsaile and aduise to see Generall to the well-fare and commoditie of the Prince and his subiects and iustly to iudge the rich as the póore not regarding friendship kindred or any other corrupting cause which may lead affection to the hinderance of Iustice but to their knowledge to minister equitie according to the tenour of the lawes as they wil that God helpe them at the last dreadful day of iudgement Also that in mustering they doe diligently foresée to their vttermost power that the prince their maister be not deceiued in giuing double paie to such as are not worthie and that they shall also deliuer the names of the souldiers vnto the Generall as they mustered them with a note of their aloweance and wages vnder their hands and seales faithfully without anie deceipt Of the othes that euerie officer ought to take of what Office so euer he be Of the Pretor THe Pretor shall take his oath giuen him by the Generall who shall sweare by almightie God that whatsoeuer he shall iudge ordaine or determine in court or out of court that he shall kéepe it close and secret to his liues end and that he shall bee true and iust to the Lords and that he shall execute iustice to his vttermost power and that he shall not during the warres take anie gift of any man for any matter in controuersie to be tried before him but shall vse indifferent iustice to all men without respect of persons friendship or malice as God shal help him at the dredfull daie of iudgement Of the Prouost Martiall HIs oath is likewise giuen by the Generall that these points whereof doe consist herein that hée shall sée all faultes duelie and according to the lawes punished in al offenders without regard or respectt of persons That hée shall in the market place set vp a paire of gallowes both for the terrour of the wicked as for execution vpon them that offend the lawes Also that he shall set on all victuals brought to the market a reasonable price that the seller and the buier may reasonably liue by it And that he exact nothing beyond his duetie of anie man that he neither vse extortion or briberie that hee let no prisoner taken of the enemie or offendour otherwise to his witting escape with other Articles conteined in his office at the discretion of y e Generall the which he must bée sworne vnto Of the master of the watch HIS oath is to be true and iust in his office and nightly to attende vpon the Generall to receiue the watch word the which at the setting of the watch hee shall secretly deliuer vnto the Captaines Hée shall diuers times proue the watch as well to see if they sleepe not and such as hee findeth in fault to accuse them to the higher officers who ought to appoint their punishment according to the tenour of the Articles otherwise appertaineth vnto his office at the discretion of the Generall of the armie Of the chiefe Purueiour of the victuals HIS oath is to bee true and iust in his office and not to bee slacke anie time in procuring in his office good fit and wholesome victualles as well for those souldiers in extraordinarie as for those which are in ordinary seruice prest not to

I holde to be of greatest and most auailable Of the office of a Generall when the battaile is a fighting THy battaile set in order the horse and shot beeing encountred it is requisite that the General vseth some speach vnto the whole armie without the which many times a whole armie ruinateth for that his speaking taketh awaie feare incourageth the mindes increaseth the obstinants to fight discouereth the deceipts promiseth rewardes sheweth the perills and how to auoide them reprehending praieng threatening filling with hope praise shame dooing those things by the which the humaine passions are extinct vnto the Generall it apperteineth rather with wisdome circumspectly to forsée them boldlie to fight because that his fighting cannot so much benefit the common weale although he should shew force inuincible as the loosing of his life should endamage the same neither that in distresse to refraine from fight by the which the souldiers maie doe some exploite but the best is with prudence to foresee things and deliberating in times conuenient to counsell the common weale principallie to the Generall and to no other is requisite for as the maister of a shippe forsaking his charge dooing that apperteineth to a marriner giueth great occasion to the losse of the Shippe Euen so the Generall who setting a part his office of counselling and prouiding of euerie thing to descend so lowe as to take vpon him the charge of a souldier should commit the like errour for through the negligence of superiours becommeth vaine all aid to whome such affaires is committed the Generall being slaine putteth the commonweale in hazard of decaie the which beeing aliue hauing through his counsaile and discreation atchieued felicitie by meane of foresight with reason hee maie lawfullie glorie and contrariwise he that is so ignoraunt arrogant and couetous that beleeueth not to doe anie thing honourablie except he fighteth himselfe is not to be thought but rather presumptuous and foolish hardie and hee that will hazard his life to gette him a name of the multitude whereby to putte those waightie affaires in peril is very vnméete for such a charge But if necessitie constraines thee to fight it behooueth thee to fight warilie and not to feare death choosing rather to be depriued of lyfe hauing anie ouerthrowe then to liue with shame but the armie beeing in safetie hee ought to haue regarde to his life for surelie where the death of the Captaine chaunceth there the happie successe is diminished for as much as they who haue had the worse vnderstanding their enimies to bee depriued of their Captaine taketh boldenesse charging their enimies afflicted with melancholie for the losse of their Captaine haue giuen them the ouerthrowe Vnto the General apperteineth whilest his men fight to goe riding about the battaile and to shewe himself to the fighters praising those that doe valiauntlye to threaten the fearefull to comfort those that bee doubtfull and flowe to succour them that are repulsed to supplie the lackes and if it shall bee needefull to leade men from one place to an other to obserue times to take occasions to make coniecture of thinges to come and when necessitie procures to giue the signe to retyre The clemencie of the General increaseth the loue of the Souldier Armour good order or late victorie causeth Souldiers to haue a good opinion and sure confidence in the General and as the loue of the Countreye is increased through a certeine instinct of Nature euen so the loue of the Generall through vertue more then through anie other benefite The necessities bee manie but that is strongest which constraineth thee eyther to ouercome or else to die Of making spoile after the victorie obteined THe spoile ought to bee made with great discreation and that speciall commaundement be giuen and proclaimed vppon paine of death that no prisoner be taken except he bée of greate authoritie vntill thou hast vanquished and beecome victor for oftentimes through the greedinesse and desire of gaine the order of battayle being broken and dispearsed the Conquered hath broughte themselues in order agayne and become Conquerours for vndoubtedlye many times when the enimie flieng seeing his adursaries comming vppon him without anie order bringeth his men againe in araie and turning backeward with standing them with violence cruellie ouercommeth them wherefore men must thinke that nothing is better nothing more safer nothing more surer then obseruing order to prosecute in order and retire in order and the contrarie nothing more daungerous as appeareth by Brennus and Belinus who beeing enriched by the plentifull spoiles of Italy returned in disorder and securitie whereby Camillus and a few of his people beefore conquered beereft them of the fruites of their conquest Likewise Cyrus inuading Scithia faining himselfe to bee afraide of his enterprise left his tentes standing and stored with good cheere and delicate Wines the Scithians being greedie thereof hee returned and slewe euerie mothers sonne the like policie vsed by Thomeris a Queene of that countrie who withdrew hir selfe into hir land faining feare vntill she had got them into straightes where beeing disordered shee priuilie had planted ambushes whiche sodeinlie inuaded Cyrus and his hoast slew them all whiche were 20000. thousand The like examples in Fraunce and other places I could recite but I will not wast time in declaring the mischiefs and destructions chaunced through rash and ouer hastie reconning of vnripe victorie and vnsure safetie trusting this maie suffice to warne thee from rashnesse and vncircumspect foresight to tomble vppon the enimies sword Hauing obteined the victorie humanitie requireth and christianitie commaundeth to shew mercie following the Cannons of the field hauing special regard that no Princes Princes wiues or Virginnes be by filthie lust polluted for God will see it punished but imitate the curtesie of noble Alexander the greate vsed towardes his captiues Darius wife and his daughters whiche greatlye enlarged and spread abroad his honour to the furthering of his Conquestes Likewise what fortunate successe had Scipio by his chast hands in deliuering of Luceius his wife and honourable vsage of Masinissaes nephew with his great liberalitie which afterwards bred him continuall seruice of those Princes before his captiues with infinite examples which for tediousnesse I leaue off Graunt not license to thy Souldiers to put al to sacke hauing regard to the time and to the state of things whether thou hast neede to retaine all the pray or part of the same or els none at al. And it is not conuenient if neede require for the common profite that making warre the common Treasurie be left without money for that more amply and largely things may be solde and with benignitie distributed to them that haue best deserued hauing regard to the hurt and sicke but those that haue bene slacke and slouthfull let him punish most shamefully and vnto valiaunt men graunt those honours the which of right they ought to haue The gifts which the Captaines ought to giue be Offices Auncients Armours and

as heereafter doe followe in order Silence IN all places of seruice such silence must be vsed that soldiers may heare friends not be heard as well in watch warde ambush camisado or else where in which pointe consisteth oftentimes the safetie or perdition of the whole Campe. Obedience 2 Such obedience must bée vsed that none regard the persons but the office to them appointed diligentlie obseruing the same anie offending to the contrarie runneth into daunger of the Lawe for longer then obedience is vsed and mainteined there is no hope of good successe Secretnesse 3 Souldiers must be secret and haue regard that they disclose nothing though sometimes they vnderstand the pretence of the higher powers The disclosers of such meriteth most cruell punishment Sobrietie 4 In sobrietie consisteth great praise to the souldiers who vsing the same are euer in state of preferment Such regard their duties and reproue the rash busie bodies Drunkardes c. are euer in danger of punishment Hardinesse 5 The Captaines and Souldiers of courage hardie be to seruice much auaileable specially such as will ponder what may be the end of their enterprise Some in times past haue hardly giuen the onset and after repented the same but the praise of the aduised cannot be expressed Truth 6 The vertue of goodnesse and truth is farre excéeding my capacitie to write the practisers of the contrarie are not worthy of life but to bée soone adiudged Subtile enimies approue to corrupt souldiers with gifts but sith the reward of truth is euerlasting life and the vntrue looseth the fruitiō of the same in continuall darkenesse I trust none of our countriemen will learne the one for the other from the which God kéepe all good souldiers ⸫ ¶ The lawes and constitutions of the field Heere begin the Articles wherevnto all souldiers which serue vnder Emperour or any other King or Prince ought to be sworne vnto and them to keepe and maintaine inuiolated at all times and in all places vpon such paines as follow FIrst yée shall be sworne to be true iust and dutifull to his Lord and souereigne and his graund Generall or chiefe Captaine of the field to be tractable and obedient vnto euerie officer placed and appointed to rule ouer him and to be readie both day and night to serue whether it be by land or by water as occasion of seruice shall fall out and require And whosoeuer doth repine or sheweth disobedience herein of what degrée or condition so euer he be he must be dulie punished by the iudgement of the superiours appointed for that purpose 2 Item if there be any which shall blaspheme the almightie God or his diuine word let such a blasphemer be punished with the losse of his life openlie and to the terrour of the rest let it be executed For no doubt the plague of the highest will not depart from the house or tent of the blasphemer For how should wée vse iustice indifferently vnto men when we are content with silence to suffer such iniurie to be committed against God Therefore first straightly punish the offences done against the liuing God and hée will send thée wisdome better to iudge the causes betwéene man and man 3 Item whensoeuer any chieftaine or Captaine of any band shall vpon vrgent causes appoint in his absence any other whome hée shall thinke good to supplie and execute his roome of Captaineship euery man ought to follow and obey the said deputie with no lesse care and diligence then they would the Captaine himselfe vpon paine of such punishment as the Generall or his assignes shall appoint 4 Item that all souldiers must content themselues with their places appointed béeing ioyned togither in bandes or seuerall without resistance whether it bée in marching watching incamping or besieging béeing also commaunded therevnto by the Captaine or other officers vpon such paine as shall bée thought good by the Captaine 5 Item that euery souldier shall for his honour sake gladly fauour and mercifully forbeare vnto the vttermost of his power all women lying in childe bed or béeing with childe or lately deliuered from childe to defend and succour them from the rage of the cruell and rude souldiers or others which followe the campe for spoile Also it behooueth all Souldiers to defend all Ministers Priestes of godly calling and all spirituall persons But now a daies they be the first to whome abuse is offered of what opinion or religion so euer they bée but God no doubt will iustly plague all such before they bée aware and when they least suspect it Also they shall defend all aged men and women neither shall any molest and hinder them if otherwise vpon paine of losse of his or their liues 6 Item that euery souldier shall serue and is by the lawe of armes bound by long custome to serue thirtie daies for euery moneth and after that rate hée shall receiue his moneths wages 7 Item if that any souldier haue receiued his moneths wages afore hand or any part thereof and departeth without leaue or pasport from his Captaine hath not serued for it he or they apprehended shall for the said offence be iudged to die 8 Item if there be any souldier or souldiers in marching breake his or their raie without iust occasion enforcing them then the Prouost marshall Lieuetenant of the band or Sergeant shall compell him or them with violence to kéepe his or their rankes in order and if so bée that he or they so disordered do chaunce in this case to be slaine there shall no man be blamed by his or their deaths by the law of the field for by such disordered people the whole armie may be in daunger of ruinating by the enimie 9 Item if that by the appointment of the chiefe rulers of the hoast there be a battaile fought and that by the mightie power of God the victorie be obteined on your side the lawe of armes is such that if any souldier hath receiued his moneths wages afore hand he shall be discharged of the same neither shall he serue any longer for the said wages after the day of victorie neither shall owe any thing for it but he shall be set frée from that moneths seruice 10 Item if it chaunce that in time of skirmish or in any other conflict with the enimie some one do aduenture to flie and runne away from his fellowes if in the flying his Captaine or any other souldier by shooting at him or by striking at him chaunce to kill him they shall incurre no daunger for so dooing And if such a flier chaunce to escape at that time and afterwardes bée taken let him according to the lawe of armes suffer death for the same for one such a recreant may bee the ouerthrowing of a great multitude 11 Item it standeth with the lawe of armes that each common souldier shall bée sworne that they wil not haue amongst themselues anie priuate counsels assemblies or conuenticles vpon paine of the losse of their liues

as periured persons with all seueritie be punished and if any souldier or souldiers shall offend in any manner of thing that dooth belong and appertaine to the dutie of a souldier whereof there is no mention made in these articles such an offender shall bée punished at the discretion of the chiefe Captaine THese Articles must bée openly read in the presence of the chiefe Captaines by the notarie or scribe of the court and after that it is read the oth shall be ministred vnto euery man by the pretor in this wise or the like wordes to the same end and purpose speaking vnto the whole companie and saying My brethren and friends that are héere present ye haue héere heard the articles of the Quéene our souereigne conteining the chiefe principall points of our rights and lawes of the field and of the oth and the manner thereof which euery souldier ought to take All you therefore that doo meane faithfully and valiantly to obserue mainteine fulfill confirme and kéepe the aforesaid articles let him héere now either openly refuse to be a souldier or with me hold vp his finger and say after me ALl these Articles which haue béene openly read vnto vs we hold allow as sacred and good and those will we truly and stoutly confirme fulfill mainteine and kéepe so helpe vs God and his diuine word Amen These Articles with others which for tediousnesse I omit would be published some vpon paine of death some greater and some with lesser punishment to euery one that doth offend without any remission or forgiuenesse or regard of bloud degrée kindred or frendship specially at the beginning to lye in Campe whereby the army may the better be set in good order and to make it fearefull of God of iustice and of the Generall with loue and feare The execution héereof onely apperteineth to the Maister of the Campe for the hearing ordering and determyning of causes of iustice vnder the Generall as the Liuetenant of a Citie or Towne Deputie for the Prince For the Maister of the campe is the chiefe of the orders who hath place in the Field in many things as principall next to the Generall who hath the chiefe gouernement in pitching the Campe and dislodging briefly from the Generall downeward it is the greatest charge and burden that is in the Armie and therefore it is requisite that hée haue good knowledge and remembrance of all the orders whereby the warres is to be gouerned and that he be of good practise and experience But such cases as are capitall and of great importance should bee heard and determined by the Generall and his Iudges it sufficeth that God is the knower and determiner and next vnto him his ministers on earth who failing to doe iustice either for zeale loue or hatred shall yéeld account thereof before the diuine Iudge and this law cannot be auoyded by vs but we shall be cited and called by way of appeale How Captaines according to their worthinesse are preferred to great charge SOme Ensignes haue in times past ben accompanied with one hundred some with two some with thrée some with foure some with fiue hundred men according to the worthinesse and experience of Captaines of which all were not throughly except at the first the better to traine exercise and order such numbers to seruice appertayning Here followe certeine perticular practises in proportion by letters signifying men from one hundred vnto fiue hundred in quadrant or two-folde battaile to the greatest strength for defence of enimies shewing euery weapon particularly in their place and order to march any waies to seruice conuenient or els to kéepe the ground of aduantage as winde Hill and Sunne will permitte in which consisteth great profit Certaine words to be vsed of the Captaine in time of trayning AT such times as the Captaine or any other officer determine to exercise their company to traine them they must cast them into a Ring or such like necessary and to vse these words vnto the souldiers saying as after followeth My louing friends and fellowes we be gathered together being also appointed to serue God and our Prince and to defend our countrie to the death and for that none through ignorance shall perish or runne in daunger of the lawes of the field ye shall from time to time by mée or the officers of my band be instructed by words or déedes in such pointes as to our calling and the necessitie of Seruice shal require the which you must diligently obserue and followe though such to you many times séeme both daungerous and painfull Also if any of you my fellowes shall find an occasion conuenient to declare to mée his minde and opinion in any thing touching seruice I will diligently heare and gratifie the partie the double value thereof and God willing I will vse equitie and iustice with the same Also regard that all Souldiers knowe and obeye their Officers in their place according to their calling Heere are set foorth certeine points to traine exercise and in order to place one hundreth men three in a ranke also how to bring them into a Ring an Esse or a Snaile very profitable for young Souldiers AS before I haue set foorth what number of weapons apperteineth to euery band frō one hundred vnto fiftéene hūdred men euen so to march thrée in a ranke thrée thirty rankes containe one hundred men suting your weapons in this order following that is in the front or voward .25 shot next your shot .20 pikes then 10. Billes to gard the Ensigne and next your Bils your other twentie pikes and then your other .25 shot the which béeing thus placed may by your Officers be brought to these proportions and orders as followeth greatly auaileable to diuers Seruices The Voward The rereward FIrst for that a C. is the least number that a Captaine hath in charge I will therefore begin with one hundred the which after you haue taught to march .3 in a ranke right foorth you shall bring them in this proportion of a ring otherwise called a limasson And although it is not of any force it is necessary to traine the vnperfect also by bringing them in close cōpasse together they may better heare and vnderstand any precepts touching their charge spoken by the Captaine or any other officers as oft as is méete This is not of force bicause the Ensigne lyeth open to the enimies without gard of Pikes A Ring SOmetimes vpon good occasion you shall bring your pikes in order of an esse your billes placed in the midst with the Ensigne whereby it may bee enuironed with Pikes for defence of horse your shot placed betwéene euery ranke of Pikes so that they may serue to the skirmish either rescuing other within gard the which retiring into the voyd place the Pikes couched euery way for defence the ouerplus of shot with the Captaine and Liuetenaunt with other officers to be placed in the midst of the Esse with the Ensigne

in their seruice and from their Captaines which otherwise will be a cause of greater disorder and manie discommodities ⸫ An Oration to be made by the Generall before the Battell be fought VAliant Knights and Companions in Warre most thankfullie I accept your seruice for that you doe offer your liues as true subiects to accompanie me the Kings high General in the warres wherein you greatlie show your duties For of right you ought too loose your goods and to venture your liues at the commaundement of the King and for the defence and suretie of your Countreye giuing vnto you not onelie thanks for your companie but much more for your good counsell which dailie you giue me For in great conflicts seldome is found together both good counsell and stoute hearts minding not too enterprise this battell in hope of mans power for then had you reason wee should not giue battell seeing the great multitude in respect of vs. For as you saie the waightie affaires of a publike weale should not bee vnaduisedlie committed too the vncerteine of Fortune the which hath caused the King my Maister to apoint me in this daungerous and perilous warres First trusting that on our part there remaineth Iustice and sith God is the same onelie Iustice I trust assuredlie he will giue mee the victorie in this perillous conflicts for Iustice auaileth princes more that they haue then the men of Warre doe which they lead Wherefore sith our cause is iust and that we haue God the onelie Iudge thereof on our sides mee thinks no worldlie feare should make vs cease to giue the battell for I should show my selfe to be of small faith and also blaspheme God saying hee were of small Iustice for God sheweth his power there where the frailenesse of man hath least hope Then since by the King our Maister and Gouernour we are appointed and procured to come to this warre I haue determined my most louing Companions and fellow Souldiers to enter in battell and valiantlie to aduenture my life with you and if I perish therein I shall be sure it shall be for the saluation of my soule and the memorie of my person for to die through Iustice is not to die but to change death for life and thus doing if I loose my life yet I loose not my honour and all this considered I doe that which to my Prince and the Common-wealth I am bound For to a Prince it were great infamie and dishonour the quarrell being his owne should by the bloud of others séeke reuenge minding this daie to trie in battel whether the pleasure or will of the liuing God bee to giue vs victorie the which maie bee a warning to others of the great wrong offered vs if otherwise he suffer vs to perish the ende of the sword of the enimie is but the scourge of our offences The best I see therefore in this matter to be done is that we confesse our selues vnto the celestial God preparing our selues to receiue our redéemer euery man to pardon and forgiue his brother if hee haue done wrong or iniurie vnto him for oftentimes though the demaund of the warres be iust yet many mishaps befal therin through the offences of those which pursue and follow the same Now each thing accomplished as behooueth according too my saying then let God dispose things as hee shall seeme good Wherefore my louing valiant and stout Souldiers doubt not at all for this daie I must either vanquish mine enimies or els suffer death and if I die I do that which I néeds must Wherefore I will now cease to exhort you any more desiring you most louingly to consider that wherevnto your dutie leadeth you remembring that you are come as Knights and in the defence of your Countrie to wage battell beeing now come to that pinch that deedes must more auaile vs then words for peace ought too bee maintained by the tongue but warres ought to be atchiued by the sword Of the ordering of the battailes before they fight THe oration being made by the Generall and praiers finished to the immortall God it is requisite that thou haue care too bringe forth thy armie to the field with bright and shining armour which easilie maie bee done by giuing charge in time to the Captaiues and so to the officers that their burgonets corslets enleeuers holberds and euerie other peece of armour forasmuch as the cleannes and brightnes of the weapons maketh the armie séeme terrible and putteth feare and trauell in the minds of the enimies Then call forth thy bands the which being set in araie the Generall beeing expert hauing seene the preparation of the enimies giueth in charge too the Sergeant maior and the principall corporalls too accommodate and ordaine his souldiers in battaile according to the armie the men and the manners of them And if the enimie bee more puissant of horsemen thou hauing the commoditie choose thee straight and difficult places or at the foote of mountaines and where the horse cannot easilie serue If in footmen hee exceedeth then it is requisite to get the hills and places of aduauntage as the Sunne and winde c. and that with diligence to choose such fit places whiche either bee neere Rockes or Riuers and aboue all things where thou maist put in araie thy battailes and by the qualitie of thy place be able to let thy enimes that they neither compasse thee about nor inclose thee the which requires not onelie the counsaile and prudence of a wise Captaine but the counsaile of the most expert in the camp because oftentimes an Armie hapneth vpon such places And notwithstanding the Captaine ignorant how to choose such situation of ground as is best for him but of those that are present it is good to choose the best and to foresee which maie bee most profitable is surely a signe of a wise Captaine Caius Sulpitius to feare his enimies got a great manie of mules and other beasts vnprofitable for the warres causing a greate number of sackes to bee gotten which were so ordered vppon the backes of the beasts as they seemed men at armes giuing in charge whiles he was a fighting they should appeare vppon a hill whereby grew his victorie against the Frenchmen The Spaniards to ouercome Amilcar set in the fronts of their battels cartes ful of towe drawen with Oxen that béeing readie for the encounter they set it on fire causing the Oxen behementlie to thrust forwards into the armie of the enimie deuiding the same Thy number small and the fields large and open it is good to make ditches the which being filled with bowghes and slightlie couered with earth leauing voide spaces for thy horse and shot to procure skirmish the which being of the enimie encountered maie faine a running awaie and béeing prosecuted by the enimie shal be ouerthrown in the ditches where they are easilie slaine manie such notable diuises by wise Captaines hath beene practised the which vppon the sodeine put in

Spoyles and to those that be in authoritie there would bee greater honours giuen the which with benignitie and gentlenesse liberally giuen according to the deseruings of euery man it shall cause encouragement and vertue for the good to shewe valor and for the euill through feare to imbrace vertue Of that is to be done after the deedes of armes and of burying the dead HAuing withdrawne thy Souldiers frō the field it is most requisite with al humilitie to render thankes to the immortall God in most solemne maner the which being done with penitencie and deuotion from the heart he will vndoubtedly the better prosper thee in all thy affayres as he did Moses Dauid Manasses with infinite others that put their trust in him then prouide and with great diligence procure that the Obsequies be made most worshipfully to them which haue bene slaine in the deede of Armes for thou shouldest not make excuse neither of tyme nor of hower nor of place nor of perrill whether thou ouercome or be ouercomed For like as it is a godly thing to performe the Obsequies and according to the rights to see the dead buryed euen so it is very profitable for them that remaine aliue and rather altogether necessarie to shewe to the liuing this thy pitie towards the dead for surely when euery man seeth the dead bodies as it were for fearefulnesse left in the fieldes or els for despite left vnburied they iudge and presuppose the very same of themselues taking displeasure of such thinges causing hatred and a vnwillingnesse in the minds of the Souldiers to aduenture their liues knowing that if they happen to fight for their Countrey and to be slaine they are not like to be buried Wherfore the Generall and principall Officers must with eyes open see to preuent those mischifes that may insue as otherwise to render vnto the dead that of right they ought to haue Of the taking of prisoners and of the vsage of them ALthough y e antiquitie hath dealt hardly with their prisoners putting many to death yet Christianitie requireth to shewe mercie and considering that fortune is vncerteine and doubtfull and chaunce variable and mutable the which oftentimes beareth enuie to the happie successe to minister shame to glorie attained so during the warres aboue all things although great occasion giuen by the enemies extend thy mercie especially to those that be of authoritie and bearing office the which will procure the enemie to minister the like pittie vnto thee except thou hauing taken many and stande doubtfull of the field or such as haue dye shot Onyons Bakon Gre●●● or such like caried to the destruction of than contrarie to the Cannons and lawes of the field those thou mayst lawfully kill It behoueth thee likewise if the enemie sendeth not vnto thee to send vnto him to know if thy prisoners taken may be raunsomed according to the auncient order of the field the which is euery Officer and Souldier vnder the degree of a Captaine to be rusomed for his moneths wages and those of fame authoritie render them for some towne or Hold or els for some such of thy friends being taken as thou greatly desirest to haue againe Good Captaines ought not to let their bands goe long vnfurnished of Souldiers being taken to their weakning and detriment of the Armie whom by raunsome and way of exchaunge or other meanes they may redeeme Captaines also ought to enquire whether any being taken and sent home vppon their faith and honour that at the day expyred they either pay the money or els sende them againe vnto their takers vntill better remedie be found the which otherwise will breede great dishonour to the Captaine giuing occasion to the enemie to kill and spoyle so many of his band as by them afterwards may be takē The warres being ended then with wisedome and deliberation leasurely at thy commoditie al perill taken away determine what thou wilt doe with the enemie thou hast conquered Of Feasts and Tryumphes after the Victorie THE Romaines order and maner was after Victorie obtayned and all daungers past and ouercome that preparation should be made to feast y t whole Armie and that Tryumphes and Playes should bee made to lighten and reioyce the hearts of the Souldiers giuing them the better occasion to abide the paines and turmoyle of the warres and with greater courage to withstande the enemies force then of such spoyles as the Treasurie haue no neede of there should be imparted not only to those of Office but particularly to euery Souldier throughout the Campe the which with benignitie would be deliuered as fruits of their labors gotten with the hazard of their liues giuing vnto them great thankes for their paynes true hearts and valiaunt courage promising greater recompence The warres being once finished to those in Office and authoritie there would bee greater rewardes and honours giuen Hauing receiued an ouerthrow how to seeke reuenge IN fighting if thou happen to receiue y e worse it behoueth vs with great of ligence and policie to finde occasion of reuenge to take away y t shame receiued as otherwise to put feare out of thy soldiours minds it is good policy to retaine spies giuing vnto thē great rewards y t which by politique vsage may be learned y e state the strength the order manners determination of y e enimies by which meanes with secret vsage thou maist many waies haue due reuenge for that to those that haue newly obtained the victory haue the lesser care of the enimie becomming slothfull and rechlesse stragling héere there kéeping their thinges without forecast leauing their wards naked and their watches slender may with secret approch in the day time or by camisado in the night time with valiant couragious hearts be quite ouer throwne otherwise by a fewe trained out to the skirmish retiring thy selfe faining to run through feare till thou come to such place of aduantage as before thou hast plast ambushes of horsemen the which shall sodainly approch the enimie disordered and scattered to their great detriment as otherwise with thy hands of footmen placed in order of battell maiest approch thy enimie y t which séeing thy pollicy not hauing time to order themselues in the like will come foorth on heapes the which being then valiantly charged may put their state in hazard through the whych negligence the happie successe before obtained by this pollicie wyll turne thy enimie to great ruine Of truce and intermission of warres POlicy willeth thée not to séeke truce or delaie but by constraint of necessitie or for some aduauntage to bée taken as some aide looked for or in the meane time to growe into the secréetes of the Enemie to fifte his purpose by conference had with hym to vndermine hys dooinges and if he be not verie wel aduised to search the state of his force and gouernment being most secrete and vigilant in these affaires Now if feare enforseth the enimie to take truce learne by all