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death_n	child_n	woman_n	zion_n	16	3	8.8661	4	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A71306	Purchas his pilgrimes. part 4 In fiue bookes. The first, contayning the voyages and peregrinations made by ancient kings, patriarkes, apostles, philosophers, and others, to and thorow the remoter parts of the knowne world: enquiries also of languages and religions, especially of the moderne diuersified professions of Christianitie. The second, a description of all the circum-nauigations of the globe. The third, nauigations and voyages of English-men, alongst the coasts of Africa ... The fourth, English voyages beyond the East Indies, to the ilands of Iapan, China, Cauchinchina, the Philippinæ with others ... The fifth, nauigations, voyages, traffiques, discoueries, of the English nation in the easterne parts of the world ... The first part.	Purchas, Samuel, 1577?-1626.	1625 (1625)	STC 20509_pt4; ESTC S111862	1,854,238	887

or so much as one man alone borne of woman within thirtie leagues of the Land which was before notably peopled and gouerned by diuers Lords There is no reckoning able to be made of the murders which this Caitiffe with his companie committed in these Realmes which he so dispeopled Of the Prouince of Nicaragua THe yeere 1522. or twentie three this Tyrant went farther into the Land to bring vnder his yoke the most fertile Prouince of Nicaragua and so in thither he entred in an euill houre There is no man which is able worthily and sufficiently to speake of the fertiltie healthsomenesse prosperitie and frequencie of those Nations that there were He sent fiftie Horsemen and caused to slay all the people of this Prouince which is greater then the Countie of Rossillon with the Sword in such sort as that hee left aliue nor man nor woman nor old nor young for the least cause in the World as if they came not incontinent at his command or if they did not bring him so many load of Maiz which signifieth in that Countrie bread Corne or if they did not bring him so many Indians to serue him and others of his company for the Countrie lay leuell as was said and no creature could escape his horses and deuillish rage He sent Spaniards to make out rodes that is to say to go a theeuing into other Prouinces and gaue leaue to those Rouers to carrie with them as many Indians of this peaceable people as they listed and that they should serue them whom they put to the chaine to the end they should not giue ouer the burdens of three or fourescore pounds weight wherewith they loaded them whereof it came to passe oftentimes that of foure thousand Indians there returned not home to their houses six aliue but euen fell downe starke dead in the high way and when any were so wearie that they could march no farther for the weight of their burdens or that some of them fell sicke or fainted for hunger or thirst because it should not need to stand so long as to vnlocke the chaine and to make the speedier dispatch hee cut off the head from the shoulders and so the head tumbled downe one way and the bodie another Now consider with your selues what the other poore soules might thinke the whiles He was the cause that the Indians sowed not their grounds one whole yeeres continuance So as now when they wanted bread the Spaniards tooke away from the Indians their Maiz which they had in store for prouision to nourish them and their children whereby there died of famine more then twentie or thirtie thousand soules And it came to passe that a woman falne mad with the famine slue her Sonne to eate him They haue discomfited and oppressed in this Prouince a great number of people and hastened their death in causing them to beare boords and timber vnto the Hauen thirty leagues distance to make ships with and sent them to go seeke Honie and Wax amiddest the Mountaines where the Tigres deuoured them Yea they haue laden women with childe and women new deliuered or lying in with burdens enough for beasts The greatest plague which hath most dispeopled this Prouince hath beene the licence which the Gouernour gaue to the Spaniards to demand or exact of the Cacicks and Lords of the countrie slaues They did giue them euery foure or fiue moneths or as oftentimes as euery one could obtaine licence of the Gouernour fiftie slaues with threatnings that if they gaue them not they would burne them aliue or cause them to be eaten with Dogges Now ordinarily the Indians doe not keepe slaues and it is much if one Cacike doe keepe two three or foure Wherefore to serue this turne they went to their subiects and tooke first all the Orphelins and afterwards they exacted of him that had two children one and of him that had three two and in this manner was the Cacicke faine to furnish still to the number that the Tyrant imposed with the great weeping and crying of the people for they are people that doe loue as it seemeth tenderly their children And for because that this was done continually they dispeopled from the yeere 23. vnto the yeere 33. all this Realme For there went for sixe or seuen yeeres space fiue or sixe ships at a time carryi●g forth great numbers of those Indians for to sell them for slaues at Ioanama and Peru where they all died not long after For it is a thing proued and experimented a thousand times that when the Indians are transported from their naturall Countrey they soone end their liues besides that these giue them not their sustenance neither yet diminish they of their toile as neither doe they buy them for ought else but to toile They haue by this manner of doing drawne out of this Prouince of the Indies whom they haue made slaues being as free borne as I am more then fiue hundred thousand soules And by the Deuillish warres which the Spanish haue made on them and the hideous thraldome that they haue laid vpon them they haue brough● to their deaths other fiftie or threescore thousand persons and do yet daily make hauocke of them at this present All these slaughters haue beene accomplished within the space of fourteene yeeres There may be left at this day in all this Prouinces of Nicaragua the number of about foure or fiue thousand persons which they also cause to die as yet euery day through bondages and oppressious ordinarily and personall hauing beene the Countrey the most peopled in the World as I haue alreadie said Of New Spaine IN the yeere 1517. was New Spaine discouered at the Discouerie whereof were committed great disorders and slaughters of the Indians by those which had the doing of that Exploite The yeere 1518. there went Spanish Christians as they terme themselues to rob and slay notwithstanding that they said they went to people the Countrie Sithence that yeere 1518. vnto this present yeere 1542. the vniust dealings the violencie and the Tyrannies which the Spaniards haue wrought against the Indians are mounted to the highest degree of extremitie those selfe-same Spaniards hauing thorowly lost the feare of God and of the King and forgotten themselues For the discomfitures cruelties slaughters spoiles the destructions of Cities pillages violences and Tyrannies which they haue made in so many Realmes and so great haue been such and so horrible that all the things which we haue spoken of are nothing in comparison of those which haue beene done and executed from the yeere 1518. vnto the yeere 1542. and as yet at this time this moneth current of September are in doing and committing the most grieuousest and the most abominablest of all in such sort that the rule which wee set downe before is verified That is That from the beginning they haue alwaies proceeded from euill to worse and haue gone beyond themselues in the most greatest disorders and deuillish doings In

hee determined to depart from Quito and to goe seeke the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia leauing thereto moe then two hundred of Footmen and Horsemen amongst whom were a great many Inhabitants of the Citie of Quito Unto those Inhabitants the Captaine gaue licence to carrie with them the Cacikes that were escheated them in sharing with as many Indians as they would That which they did and Alfonso Sanches Nuita carried forth with him his Cacike with moe then an hundred Indians besides and in like manner Peter Cibo and his Cousin and they led out more then an hundred and fifty with their wiues and sundry also sped out their children because that in a manner euery one died for hunger Also Moran Inhabitant of Popayan carried out moe then two hundred persons And the like did all the rest Citizens and Souldiers euery one after his abilitie the Souldiers crauing that they might haue licence giuen them to captiue those Indians men and women which they carried forth the which was granted them vntill the death of the said captiues and those deceased to take as many more When they departed out of the Prouince of Quito they carried out moe then sixe thousand Indians men and women and of all those there neuer returned home into their Countrie twenty persons For they died all through the great and excessiue trauell which they made them indure in those broyling Countries contrary to their nature It happened at that time that one Altonso Sanches whom the said Captaine sent for Chieftaine ouer a certaine number of men into a Prouince there met with a good company of women and young boyes laden with victuals who stayed waiting for them without mouing from the place to giue them of that which they had and hauing so done the Captaine commanded that they should be put to the sharpe of the sword It came to passe also that at the time that the said Captaine came into the Prouince of Lili to a Towne called Palo neere vnto the great Riuer where hee found the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia which was gone before to discouer and pacifie the Countrie the said Ampudia kept a Citie by him prouided of a Garrison in the name of his Maiestie and of the Marques Francis of Pizarro and had set ouer them for Gouernours ordinary one Petre Solano of Quennoues and eight Counsellours and all the rest of the Countrie was in peace and shared out amongst them And as hee knew that the said Captaine was in the said Riuer hee came to see him with a great number of the Inhabitants of the Countrie and peacefull Indians laden with victuals and fruits Shortly after also all the neighbour Indians came to see him bringing him food There were the Indians of Xamundi and of Palo and of Soliman and of Bolo Now because that they brought no Mahis which he would haue he sent a great number of Spaniards with their Indians to goe search for Mahis commanding them to bring some where soeuer they found any So went they to Bolo and to Palo and found the Indians men and women in their houses in peace and the said Spaniards with those that were with them tooke them and robbed their Mahis their Gold and Couerings and all that they had and bound many Wherefore they seeing that the Captaine kept no Faith with them all the Countrie arose and reuolted from the Spanish whereof ensued great damage and God and the Kings Maiestie offended and by this meanes the Countrey remayned dispeopled for that the Olomas and the Manipos their enemies which are Mountaine people and warlike descended daily to take and robbe them when they perceiued the Citie and places of their abode left destitute And amongst them hee who was the stronger did eate vp his fellow for all died for famine This done the Captaine came to the Citie of Ampudia where he was receiued for Generall From this place they goe to a Citie called Tukilicui from whence the Cacike of the place yeelded forth incontinent in peace a number of Indians going before him The Captaine demanded Gold of him and of his Indians The Cacike told him that hee had but a small deale and that which he had should be giuen him and immediatly all beganne to giue him all that they had Whereupon the said Captaine gaue vnto euery of them a ticket with the name of the said Indian for a testimoniall that he had giuen him Gold affirming that hee which should haue neuer a ticket should be cast to the Dogges to bee deuoured because he gaue him no Gold Whereupon the Indians for feare that they were put in gaue him all the Gold that they were able and those which had none fled into the Mountaines and other Townes for feare to bee slaine By reason whereof perished a great number of the natiue Inhabitants of the Countrie And shortly after the said Captaine commanded the Cacike to send two Indians to another Citie named Dagna to will them that they should come in peace and bring him Gold in abundance And comming to another Citie hee sent that night many Spaniards to take the Indians and namely of Tulilicui So as they brought the next morrow aboue an hundred persons and all those which could beare burdens they tooke them for themselues and for their Souldiers and put them to the chaine whereof they died all And the said Captaine gaue the little children vnto the said Cacike Tulilicui that hee should eate them and in truth the skinnes of those children are kept in the house of the said Cacike Tulilicui full of ashes and so departed hee from thence without an Interpreter and went towards the Prouinces of Castile where hee ioyned himselfe vnto the Captaine Iohn de Ampudia who had sent him to discouer another way doing both of them great outrages and much mischiefe vnto the Inhabitants of the Countrie where they became And the said Iohn de Ampudia came to a Citie the Cacike and Lord whereof called Bitacur had caused to make certaine Duches to defend himselfe and there fell into the same two Horses the one of Antonie Rodondos the other of Marc Marque●●s That of Marcos Marquis died the other not For which cause the said Ampudia commanded to take all the Indians men and women that might be and thereupon tooke and layed together more then an hundred persons whom they cast aliue into those Ditches and slue them and brent withall more then an hundred houses in the said Citie And in that manner met in a great Citie where without summoning the Indians being at peace and without any spokesman to goe betweene them they slue with their Speares a great number of them making on them mortall warre And as it is said soone after they were met the said Ampudia told the Captaine what he had done in Bitaco and how he cast so many into the Ditches and the said Captaine answered that it was well done and that he for his part had done as much

either some part of Commada some great Lake or some inlet of some Sea that falleth into the South Sea These Massawomekes are a great Nation and very populous For the heads of all those Riuers especially the Pattawomekes the Pautuxuntes the Sasquesahanoks the Tockwoughes are continually tormented by them of whose cruelty they generally complained and very importunate they were with Captaine Smith and his company to free them from these tormentors To this purpose they offered food conduct assistance and continuall subiection which hee concluded to effect But the councell then present emulating his successe would not thinke it fit to spare him forty men to be hazarded in those vnknowne Regions hauing passed as before was spoken of but with twelue and so was lost that opportunity Seuen Boates full of these Massawomekes the discouerers encountred at the head of the Bay whose Targets Baskets Swords Tobaccopipes Platters Bowes and Arrowes and euery thing shewed they much exceeded them of our parts and their dexteritie in their small Boates made of the barkes of trees sowed with barke and well luted with gum argueth that they are seated vpon some great water Against all these enemies the Powhatans are constrained sometimes to fight Their chiefe attempts are by Stratagems trecheries or surprisals Yet the Werowances women and children they put not to death but keepe them Captiues They haue a method in warre and for our pleasures they shewed it vs and it was in this manner performed at Mattapanient Hauing painted and disguised themselues in the fiercest manner they could deuise They diuided themselues into two Companies neere a hundred in a Company The one company called Monacans the other Powhatans Either army had their Captaine These as enemies tooke their stands a Musket shot one from another ranked themselues fifteene a brest and each ranke from another foure or fiue yards not in fyle but in the opening betwixt their fyles So as the Reare could shoote as conueniently as the Front Hauing thus pitched the fields from either part went a Messenger with these conditions that whosoeuer were vanquished such as escape vpon their submission in two daies after shall liue but their wiues and children should he prize for the Conquerours The Messengers were no sooner returned but they approached in their orders On each flanke a Sarieant and in the Reare an officer for Lieutenant all duely keeping their orders yet leaping and singing after their accustomed tune which they vse onely in wars Vpon the first flight of Arrowes they gaue such horrible shouts and screeches as so many infernall helhounds could not haue made them more terrible When they had spent their Arrowes they ioyned together prettily charging and retiring euery ranke seconding other As they got aduantage they catched their enemies by the haire of the head down he came that was taken his enemy with his wodden Sword seemed to beate out his braines and still they crept to the Reare to maintaine the skirmish The Monacans decreasing the Powhatans charged them in the forme of a halfe Moon they vnwilling to be inclosed fled all in a troope to their Ambuscadoes on whom they led them very cunningly The Monacans disperse themselues among the fresh men whereupon the Powhatans retired with all speede to their seconds which the Monacans seeing tooke that aduantage to retire againe to their owne battell and so each returned to their owne quarter All their actions voices and gestures both in charging and retiring were so strained to the height of their quallitie and nature that the strangenesse thereof made it seeme very delightfull For their musicke they vse a thicke Cane on which they pipe as on a Recorder For their warres they haue a great deepe platter of wood They couer the mouth thereof with a skin at each corner they tie a Walnut which meeting on the backeside neere to the bottome with a small rope they twitch them together till it be so tough and stiffe that they may beate vpon it as vpon a Drum But their chiefe instruments are Rattels made of small gourds or Pumpions shels Of these they haue Base Tenor Countertenor Meare and Trible These mingled with their voyces sometimes twenty or thirty together make such a terrible noise as would rather affright then delight any man If any great Commander arriue at the habitation of a Werowance they spread a Mat as the Turkes doe a Carpet for him to sit vpon Vpon another right opposite they sit themselues Then doe all with a tunable voice of showting ●●d him welcome After this doe two or more of their chiefest men make an Oration testifying their loue which they doe with such vehemency and so great passions that they sweate till they drop and are so out of breath they can scarce speake so that a man would take them to be ex 〈…〉 ding angry or starke mad Such victuall as they haue they spend freely and at night where h●s lodging is appointed they set a woman fresh painted red with Pocones and Oile to be his bedfellow Their manner of trading is for Copper Beades and such like for which they giue such commodities as they haue as Skins Fowle Fish Flesh and their Countrie Corne. But their victuall is their chiefest riches Euery spring they make themselues sicke with drinking the iuice of a roote they call Wighsacan and water whereof they powre so great a quantity that it purgeth them in a very violent manner so that in three or foure daies after they scarce recouer their former health Sometimes they are troubled with dropsies swellings aches and such like diseases for cure whereof they build a stone in the forme of a Douehouse with mats so close that a few coales therein couered with a pot will make the patient sweate extreamely For swellings also they vse small peeces of touchwood in the forme of cloues which pricking on the griefe they burne close to the flesh and from thence draw the corruption with their mouth With this root Wighsacan they ordinarily heale greene wounds But to scarrifie a swelling or make incision their best instruments are some splinted stone Old vlcers or putrified hurts are seldome seene cured amongst them They haue many professed Physitians who with their charmes and Rattels with an infernall rowt of words and actions will seeme to sucke their inward griefe from their nauels or their grieued places but of our Chirurgians they were so conceited that they beleeued any Plaister would heale any hurt Of their Religion There is yet in Uirginia no place discouered to be so Sauage in which the Sauages haue not a Religion Deere and Bow and Arrowes All things that were able to doe them hurt beyond their preuention they adore with their kinde of diuine worship as the fire water lightning thunder our ordnance peeces horses c. But their chiefe God they worship is the Diuell him they call Oke and serue him more of feare then loue They

the towne wall possessed by the noble Earle himselfe being in all this action either the very first man or else in a manner ioined with the first The Town wals being then possessed and the English Ensigne being there displaied vpon them with all speede possible they proceeded on to march through the Towne making still their way with sword and shot so well as they could being still fought withall at euerie turne The noble Earle was seconded by the noble Lord Admirall in person who was accompanied with the noble Lord Thomas Howard the most worthy Gentleman his Sonne after Lord Howard Sir Robert Southwell Sir Richard Leuison and with diuers other Gentlemen his Lordships followers of good account his Colours being aduanced by that valiant resolute Gentleman Sir Edward Hobby Knight And thus he likewise marching with all possible speede on foote notwithstanding his L●many yeeres the intolerable heate for the time and the ouertiring tedious deepe sands with other many impediments Yet in good time ioyned himselfe with the Earle and his companies and gaue them the strongest and best assistance that he could Thus then the two Lords Generall with their companies being ioined together and proceeding so farre as the market place there they were hotly encountered where and at what time that worthy famous Knight Sir Iohn Winkfield being ●ore wounded before on the thigh at the very entring of the Towne and yet for all that no whit respecting himselfe being carried away with the care he had to encourage and direct his Company was with the shot of a Musket in the head most vnfortunately slaine And thus before eight of the clocke that night were these two most noble Lords General Masters of the market place the forts and the whole Towne and all onely the Castle as yet holding out and from time to time as they could stil annoying them with seuen battering peeces By this time night began to grow on and a kinde of peace or intermission was obtained by them of the Castle to whom the Lords Generall had signified that vnlesse before the next day in the morning they would absolutely render themselues they should looke for no mercie but should euery one be put to the sword vpon which message they tooke deliberation that night but in the morning before breake of day they hanged out their flag of truce and so without any further composition did yeelde themselues absolutely to their mercie and deliuered vp the Castle And yet notwithstanding all this in the night time while they had this respite to pause and deliberate about the peacemaking there were diuers great and sodaine alarms giuen which did breede some great outrages and disorder in the Towne At euery which alaram the two Lords Generall shewed themselues marueilous ready and forward These things being done and this surrender being made present Proclamation was published that the fury now being past all men should surcease from all manner of bloud and cruell dealing and that there should no kinde of violence or hard vsage be offered to any either man woman or childe vpon paine of death permitting the spoyle of so much of the Towne as was by them thought meete to the common souldiers for some certaine daies This honorable and mercifull Edict I am sure was streightly and religiously obserued of the English but how well it was kept by the Dutch I will neither affirme nor yet denie For I perceiue betweene them and the Spaniards there is an implacable hartburning and therefore as soone as the Dutch squadron was espied in the fight immediately thereupon both they of Siuil and Saint Lucar and also some of some other places did not onely arrest all such Dutch ships as dealt with them friendly by the way of trafficke and merchandise and so confiscated their goods but also imprisoned the Merchants and owners of the same and as the report goeth did intreat many of them with extreame cruelty thereupon In the meane while the very next day being the two and twentie day of Iune all the Spanish ships which were left on ground in the Bay of Cadiz where the great ouerthrow had beene but the day before were by the Spaniards themselues there set on fire and so from that time forward they neuer left burning of them till euery one of them goods and all as far as we know were burnt and consumed This their doing was much maruelled at of vs. Not long after the same time three dayes as I remember the gallies that were run on ground did quit themselues also out of that place and by the Bridge of the Iland called Puente de Suaço made their way round about the same Iland and so by putting themselues to the maine Sea escaped to a towne called Rotta not farre off but something vp towards the towne of Saint Lucars and there purchased their safety by that meanes Thus was this notable victory as well by Sea as by Land both begun and in effect performed within the compasse in a manner of foureteene houres a thing in truth so strange and admirable as in my iudgement will rather be wondred at then beleeued of posteritie And if euer any notable exploit in any age was comparable to Caesars Ueni Vidi Vici certainly in my poore opinion it was this The Towne of it selfe was a very beautifull towne and a large as being the chiefe See of the Bishop there and hauing a good Cathedrall Church in it with a right goodly Abbey a Nunnery and an exceeding fine Colledge of the Iesuites and was by naturall situation as also by very good fortification very strong and tenable enough in all mens opinions of the better iudgement Their building was all of a kinde of hard stone euen from the very foundation to the top and euery house was in a manner a kinde of a Fort or Castle altogether flat-roofed in the top after the Turkish manner so that many men together and that at ease might walke thereon hauing vpon the house top great heapes of weighty stones piled vp in such good order as they were ready to be throwne downe by euery woman most easily vpon such as passed by and the streetes for the most part so exceeding narrow I think to auoide the intollerable great heat of the Sun as but two men or three at the most together can in any reasonable sort march thorow them no streete being broader commonly then I suppose Watling streete in London to be The towne is altogether without glasse excepting the Churches yet with faire comely windowes and with faire grates of Iron to them and haue very large folding leaues of wainscot or the like It hath very few Chimnies in it or almost none at all it may be some one chimney in some one or other of the lower out-roomes of least account seruing for some necessary vses either to wash in or the like or else now and then perchance for the dressing of a dish of meate hauing as it

nothing pleasing to the taste His discourse of America fishes I haue o●●tted except this which you shall now heare I will not omit a storie which I heard reported by a Barbarian When saith he on a certaine day I was carried in a Boate with certaine others in a verie calme Sea a certaine huge fish tooke hold with the hand on the brim of the Boate and in my iudgement it would either haue ouer turned it or gotten vp into it I seeing that cut off the hand with a sickle which I had in a readinesse so that it fell into the Boate and it had fine fingers verie like vnto ours besides for paine which that fish felt putting the head aboue water which was like vnto the head of a man it squeaked a little and made a certaine noise First because the Brasil tree is the most famous of all that soile from whence also that Countrie hath taken the name especially for the colour which our Dyers make therewith I will describe it in this place This Tree therefore is called by the Barbarians Araboutan and equalleth our Oake in height and plentie of Boughes Some of these are found the thicknesse whereof containeth full as much as three men can fathome After what manner that Timber vseth to be brought into the Shippes I thought good in this place to describe But first you are to vnderstand that except the Merchants were holpen by the Inhabitants they could scarce lade a Ship with that Timber within a yeare both for the hardnesse and therefore the difficultie in cutting and also chiefely because that Countrie wanteth all labouring Beasts and therefore it is to be carried vpon th● shoulders of men The Barbarians being hired for Garments Shirts Cappes Kniues and other Merchandizes doe not onely cut cleaue and make round that Timber but also laying it vpon their bare shoulders carrie it into the Shippes and sometime in most cumbersome places lying three or foure miles distant from the wood to the shoare But I expressely say that the Barbarians since the French men and Portugals came vnto them cut their Brasil trees for before that time as farre as I vnderstood from the elder sort they had no other way of felling them saue that they ouerthrew them by putting fire vnto them Moreouer because I know some thinke that the timber which is brought vnto vs hath the thicknesse of the trees I purposely added that the Barbarians made it round that they might the more easily carrie the same Furthermore it hath bin obserued by me for so long time as I liued in America and vsed a cleare fire through the benefit of this wood that this kinde of wood was nothing moist which vsually happeneth to most of the other kindes of wood nay that it was dry as it were by nature and beeing kindled yeeldeth very little smoake One of our men desired to wash our shirts and vnawares put the ashes of the Brasil wood into the lye whereby they were so surely died with a red colour that although they were washed they neuer changed the same and being so died with that colour we were to put them on Because our Tououpinambaultij doe not meanely wonder when they see French men and other strangers comming farre off from remote Countries take so much paines to carrie backe their Shippes laden with their Araboutan that is to say the Brasil or red wood Therefore a certaine elderly man of the Barbarians sometimes questioned me in this manner concerning that matter What meaneth it that you Mair and Peros that is French men and Portugals come so farre to fetch Wood doth your Countrie yeelde you no wood for the fire Then said I it yeeldeth fuell surely and that in great plentie but not of that kinde of trees such a● yours are especially Brasil which our men carrie from hence not to burne as you suppose but for to dye Here he presently excepting But haue you said he neede of so great plentie of that wood Yea surely said I for seeing euen one Merchant with vs possesseth more Scarlet Cloathes more Kniues and Sissers and more Looking-glasses alledging knowne and familiar examples vnto him then all those which were euer brought hither vnto you he onely will buy all the Brasil to the end that many Shippes might returne laden from hence Ah saith the Barbarian you tell me strange and wonderfull things Then presently remembring what he had heard he proceeded to demand further questions of me But saith he that great rich man of whom you make report doth he not die He dieth said I as also other men doe There then as these Barbarians loue to comment and doe not absurdly finish their intended speech without interruption euen vnto the end he began to demand of me Who therefore saith he is heire of those goods which this man leaueth when he dieth His children said I if he haue any if he haue none his brethren sisters or his next kindred When I had said this surely saith that my discr●ete old fellow hereby I easily perceiue that you Mair that is French men are not able fooles For what neede you so greatly to tire and turmoile your selues in sailing ouer the Sea in passing whereof as being here arriued you report to vs you sustaine so many miseries Is it forsooth that you might get riches for your children or liuing kinsfolke Is not the Earth which hath nourished vs sufficient also to maintaine them we surely haue both children and also kinsfolke and them as you see we loue dearely but seeing we confidently hope that it shall come to passe that after our death the same Earth which nourished vs shall also relieue and cherish them therein we repose our selue● and rest content But that I may present the description of the American Trees foure or fiue kindes of Palme trees are found there among which that is accounted most common which they call Gera● and another also named Yri notwithstanding as I saw none of their fruites so as I thinke I eate none Yri bringeth forth a round fruite like Damsens in the shape of a large cluster of so great weight that it may hardly be lifted vp with one hand but the kernell onely is of the bignesse of a Cherr●e and may be eaten Besides in the top of these Palmes there is a certaine white yong tendrell or branch which we cut off to eate the same Philippus who was troubled with the haemro●●es affi●med that it was a remedy for that disease the warrantable truth whereof I leaue to the P●●●itians There is also another tree called by the Barbarians Aijri which although it be very like the Palme in leaues with the stocke armed on euery side with thornes and pricks resembling the points of needles The Fruite is of an indifferent bign●sse in the middest whereof there is a kernell of the whitenesse of Snow which yet is not to be eaten and this I suppose to be a kinde of

to burne him aliue by the command of the Gouernour but he said he would be a Christian whereupon after Baptisme th●y strangled him that night and the Countrey was quiet The Gouernour made the eldest Sonne of old Cusco Lord of the Countrey which caused great ioy to the Natiues Wee arriued in Siuil Ianuary the fifteenth 1534. CHAP. XVL. The Conquest of Peru and Cusco called New Castile and directed to the Emperour by FRANCISCO de XERES Secretary to Captaine FRANCIS PIZARRO which conquered them FRancis Pizarro liued in Panama which the Gouernor Pedrarias de Auila had peopled He was Sonne of Captaine Gonzalo Pizarro of Trugillo hee obtained licence of Pedrarias to goe vpon new discoueries and hauing bestowed a good part of his estate in a Ship and necessaries he departed from Panama Nouember the foureteenth 1524. with one hundred and twelue Spaniards and some Indians seuentie daies after they went on land which after they named Of Hunger with eightie men the rest being dead and sent the Ship to the Iland of Pearles neere Panama for victuals hoping of their returne in twelue dayes which continued forty seuen they liuing on the Seas wilde prouisions meane whiles whereby twenty dyed and the rest were very weake A Cow hide which they had for seruice of the Ship they had shared amongst them and eaten before the Ship returned Then did they proceede on the Voyege and came to a Towne which the inhabitants had forsaken where they found store of prouisions and the next day the Countrie people set on them easily ouerthrew ours being weake gaue the Captaine seuen wounds very dangerous and left him for dead slew fiue and wounded seuenteene of the rest whereupon they returned for Panama and he staied at Chuchama to refresh and cure himselfe A little before Diego de Almagro his companion was gone for his succour with a Ship and seuenty men and landing at the place where Pizarro was beaten was there assaulted and lost one of his eyes many Christians were wounded but for all that they fired the towne and put the enemy to flight sailing thence they came to a great Riuer which they called Saint Iohns and found there some shew of Gold and returned and found Pizarro in Chuchama Almagro was sent to Panama where Pedrarias misliked and crossed this designe which had proued hitherto so vaine but he with much adoe returned with one hundred and ten men to Pizarro with whom fiftie of the former remained of both companies one hundred thirty being dead In two Ships they set forth and spent three yeares in great trauell hunger killed the most of them that fiftie onely remained not finding neuerthelesse any good Countrie Then it was their hap to finde great hopes of Gold and riches comming to Cancebi and tooke six men to learne their language Almagro was sent for more men to Panama whiles Pizarro staied at Cock-Iland But some had written to the Gouernour to be freed from thence The Gouernour sent licence to those which would onely sixteene staied there with Pizarro fiue moneths till the Ship returned and then on the last day of the time granted them hauing made better discouery ariued at Panama Pizarro was sent into Spaine to get graunt of the Countrey which in large Commission hee obtained and after his returne departed from Panama with three Ships and 180. men and 37. Horse In thirteene dayes he arriued at the Port of Saint Matthew which was as much as before he could doe in two yeares and landing there found all the Country in armes They marched till they came to a great towne called Coache which they suddenly assaulted and there got in Gold to the value of 15000. Castellines and 750. pounds of Siluer and many Emeralds which they then knew not and therefore for small trifles exchanged them with the Indians Thence the Gouernour sent backe for men and horse to Panama and Nicaragua He went with his Spaniards to the Isle Puna rich and populous which subiected themselues and because it was winter staid there Those Indians rebelled and raised forces Hee tooke the Cacique hauing vnderstanding hereof and made great slaughter of the Ilanders and hauing beheaded ten principall men he set free the Cacique to call together the Ilanders which had fled to Tumbez Pizarro went thence to Tumbez where he found the Indians in armes Three which had gone in the Boates were robbed and slaine but Tumbez and many other places rued it May 16. 1532. he departed from Tumbez and was well receiued in many places to which he gaue notice that he came to bring them in subiection to the Emperor and to the knowledge of the holy Catholik fai●h to which many of the Caciques yeelded Comming to a good Riuer which he found to haue a good Port he planted a Colonie sixe leagues from the Sea and called it Saint Michaels At Chira he found that the Cacique of that Towne and another of Almotaxe had conspired to kill certaine Christians hee tooke them both with their chiefe men and burned them aliue sparing the Cacique himselfe of Chira whose fault was left and giuing him Almotaxe also This execution was dreadfull to the whole Country There he shared the Gold which the Caciques and the men of Tumbez had giuen them and paid the Marriners their fraight He departed thence the foure and twentieth of September 1532. hauing newes of Atabalipa at Caxamalca 55. abode at Saint Michaels and with the Gouernor remained 62. horsemen and 102. footmen As he marched he receiued better intelligence of Atabalipa and of Cusco in which old Cusco lay interred in a place which had the roofe and wals couered with Gold and Siluer Hee sent a Captaine to Caxas and G●●camba with certaine horse and foote He learned of the way which he passed betwixt these two townes the latter of which had a faire stone Castle that it reacheth from Cusco to Quito aboue 300 leagues so broad that six h●rsemen may ride abrest with water passages all alongst for trauellers to drinke and houses for their lodging euery dayes iournie with this Captaine returned an Indian with a present from Atabalipa of two Fountaines of stone and two b●rtnens of dried Ducks which is the fashion of that Country signifying his great desire to see the Gouernour at Caxamalca All the way from the Riuer of Saint Michaels to Chineha is a Vallie well peopled hath the way made by hands walled on both sides with trees in many places set for shadow made by old Cusco The people liue much after one manner They sacrifice their children and sprinkle the bloud on their Sepulchers and daube their Idols faces therewith Their sacrifices goe dancing and singing to their death The Temples are compassed with stone wals and seated in the highest part of the Citie He sent an Indian messenger to Atabalipa with words of greatest kindenesse Leauing the Chincha way he tooke that which goeth

daies going vp with the tide euerie day a little brought them vp vnto the Towne Assoone as the people were come on shore he pitched his Campe on the Sea side hard vpon the Bay which went vp vnto the Towne And presently the Captaine Generall Vasques Porcallo with other seuen Horsemen foraged the Countrie halfe a league round about and found sixe Indians which resisted him with their Arrowes which are the weapons which they vse to fight withall The Horsemen killed two of them and the other foure escaped because the Countrie is cumbersome with Woods and Bogs where the Horses stacke fast and fell with their Riders because they were weake with trauelling vpon the Sea The same night following the Gouernour with an hundred men in the Brigantines lighted vpon a Towne which he found without people because that assoone as the Christians had sight of Land they were descried and saw along the Coast many smokes which the Indians had made to giue aduice the one to the other The next day Luys de Moscoso Master of the Campe set the men in order the Horsemen in three Squadrons the Vantgard the Batalion and the R●reward and so they marched that day and the day following compassing great Creekes which came out of the Bay They came to the Towne of Vcita where the Gouernour was on Sunday the first of Iune being Trinitie Sunday The Towne was of seuen or eight houses The Lords house stood neere the shoare vpon a very high Mount made by hand for strength At another end of the Towne stood the Church and on the top of it stood a fowle made of wood with gilded eies Here we found some Pearles of small value spoiled with the fire which the Indians doe pierce and string them like Beads and weare them about their neckes and hand-wrists and they esteeme them very much The houses were made of Timber and couered with Palme leanes From the Towne of Vcita the Gouernour sent Alcalde Maior Baltasar de Gallegos with fortie Horsemen and eightie Footmen into the Countrie to see if they could take any Indians and the Captaine Iohn Rodriguez L●billo another way with fiftie Footmen Iohn Rodriguez Lobillo returned to the Campe with sixe men wounded whereof one died and brought the foure Indian women which Baltasar Gallegos had taken in the Cabbins or Cottages Two leagues from the Towne comming into the plaine field he espied ten or eleuen Indians among whom was a Christian which was naked and scorched with the Sunne and had his armes razed after the manner of the Indians and differed nothing at all from them And assoone as the Horsemen saw them they ranne toward them The Indians fled and some of them hid themselues in a Wood and they ouertooke two or three of them which were wounded and the Christian seeing an Horseman runne vpon him with his Lance began to crie out Sirs I am a Christian slay mee not nor these Indians for they haue saued my life And straight way hee called them and put them out of feare and they came forth of the Wood vnto them The Horsemen tooke both the Christian and the Indians vp behind them and toward night came into the Campe with much ioy which thing being knowne by the Gouernour and them that remained in the Campe they were receiued with the like This Christians name was Iohn Ortiz and hee was borne in Siuill of Worshipfull Parentage He was twelue yeeres in the hands of the Indians He came into this Countrie with Pamphilo de Naruaez and returned in the ships to the Iland of Cuba where the Wife of the Gouernour Pamphilo de Naruaez was and by his commandement with twentie or thirtie other in a Brigandine returned backe againe to Florida and comming to the Port in the sight of the Towne on the shoare they saw a Cane sticking in the ground and riuen at the top and a Letter in it and they beleeued that the Gouernour had left it there to giue aduertisement of himselfe when hee resolued to goe vp into the Land and they demanded it of foure or fiue Indians which walked along the Sea shoare and they bad them by signes to come on shoare for it which against the will of the rest Iohn Ortiz and another did And assoone as they were on the Land from the houses of the Towne issued a great number of Indians which compassed them about and tooke them in a place where they could not flee and the other which sought to defend himselfe they presently killed vpon the place and tooke Iohn Ortiz aliue and carried him to Vcita their Lord. And those of the Brigandine sought not to land but put themselues to Sea and returned to the the Iland of Cuba Vcita commanded to bind Iohn Ortiz hand and foot vpon foure stakes aloft vpon a raft and to make a fire vnder him that there he might bee burned But a daughter of his desired him that he would not put him to death alleaging that one only Christian could do him neither hurt nor good telling him that it was more for his honour to keepe him as a Captiue And Ucita granted her request and commanded him to bee cured of his wounds and assoone as he was whole he gaue him the charge of the keeping of the Temple because that by night the Wolues did carrie away the dead corpses out of the same who commended himselfe to God and tooke vpon him the charge of his Temple One night the Wolues gate from him the corpses of a little child the Sonne of a principall Indian and going after them he threw a Dart at one of the Wolues and strooke him that carried away the corps who feeling himselfe wounded left it and fell downe dead neere the place and hee not woting what he had done because it was night went backe againe to the Temple the morning being come and finding not the bodie of the childe he was very sad Assoone as Vcita knew thereof he resolued to put him to death and sent by the tract which hee said the Wolues went and found the bodie of the childe and the Wolfe dead a little beyond whereat Vcita was much contented with the Christian and with the watch which hee kept in the Temple and from thence forward esteemed him much Three yeeres after he fell into his hands there came another Lord called Mocoço who dwelleth two daies iourney from the Port and burned his Towne Vcita fled to another Towne that he had in another Sea Port. Thus Iohn Ortiz lost his office and fauour that he had with him These people being worshippers of the Deuill are wont to offer vp vnto him the liues and bloud of their Indians or of any other people they can come by and they report that when hee will haue them doe that Sacrifice vnto him he speaketh with them and telleth them that hee is athirst and willeth them to sacrifice vnto him Iohn Ortiz had notice by the Damosell that

Tyrant which had sent him distant from the Realme of Guatimala foure hundred leagues keeping the way by him traced as he went slue robbed burned and destroyed all the Countrey wheresoeuer he became vnder the shadow of title aboue mentioned saying that they should submit themselues vnto them in the name of the King of Spaine who was vnto them vnknowne and of whom they had neuer heard speake and which those Nations there esteemed more vniust and more cruell then they his men were And the Tyrants giuing them no respite of time to deliberate they fling vpon the poore folke in a manner as soone as the message was done putting all to fire and bloud Of the Prouince and Realme of Guatimala NO sooner arriued hee into this said Realme but that hee beganne with great slaughter of the Inhabitants This notwithstanding the chiefe Lord came to receiue him being carried in a Lighter with Trumpets and Tabours reioycings and disports accompanied with a great number of the Lords of the Citie of Ultlatan head Citie of the whole Realme doing them also seruice with all they had but specially in giuing them food abundantly and whatsoeuer they demanded besides The Spanish lodged this night without the Citie forasmuch as the same seemed vnto them strong and there might be thereby danger This Captaine called to him the next morrow the chiefe Lord with other great Lords who being come as meeke sheepe he apprehended them all and commanded them to giue him certaine summes of gold They answering that they had none forasmuch as the Countrie yeelded none he commandeth incontinent to burne them aliue without hauing committed any crime whatsoeuer and without any other forme of Processe or sentence As the Lords of all these Prouinces perceiued that they had burned their soueraigne Lords onely because they gaue them no Gold they fled all to the Mountaines commanding their Subiects to goe to the Spaniards and to serue them as their Lords but that they should not discouer them nor giue them intelligence where they were With this loe all the people of the Countrey presenting them and protesting to be theirs and to serue them as their Lords The Captaine made answere that he would not accept of them but that he would kill them if they told not where were their Lords The Indians answered they could not tell ought but as touching themselues they were content that they should employ them to their seruice with their wiues and children and that they should vse their houses and that there they might kill or doe whatsoeuer them pleased It is a wonderfull thing that the Spaniards went to their Villages and Burrowes and finding there these silly people at their worke with their wiues and children neither misdoubting any thing they pierced them with their Boare-speares and hackled them to pieces They came to one Burrow great and mighty which held it selfe more ass●red then any other because of their innocency whom the Spanish laid desolate in a manner all whole in the space of two houres putting to the edge of the sword children with women and aged persons and all those which could not escape by fleeing The Indians aduised betweene them to digge certaine ditches in the middest of the wayes to make their Horses tumble into and piercing their bellies with Pikes sharp●ed and brent at one end there bestowed of purpose and couered ouer so orderly with greene turfe that it seemed there was no such matter There fell in Horses once or twice for the Spaniards afterwards could beware of them But now to auenge them they made a Law that as many Indians as might bee taken aliue should be slung into the same pits Hereupon they cast in women with child and women new deliuered of child-birth and old folke as many as they could come by vntill that the ditches were filled vp It was a lamentable thing to behold the women with their children stabbed with these pickes All besides they slue with thrust of Speares and edge of Sword They cast of them also to flesh fraunching Dogs which tare them and deuoured them They brent a Lord at a great fire of quicke flames saying they would herein doe him honour And they persisted in these butcheries so vnnaturall about seuen yeeres from the yeere 24. vntill the yeere 31. The Indians which escaped with all other of the Countrie seeing all the mischiefes of the Spanish began to assemble and put themselues in Armes whereupon the Spaniards worke great discomfitures and slaughters returning to Guatimala where they builded a Citie the which God of a iust iudgement hath reuersed with three ouerwhelmings falling all three together the one was with water the other with earth and the third with stones of the bignesse of ten or twentie Oxen. By such like meanes all the Lords and the men that were able to beare Armes being slaine those which remayned were reduced into the Diabolicall seruitude aforesaid being made tributary slaues or villaines regardant but giuing for their tribute sonnes and daughters for they will haue none other kinde of bond-men And so the Spaniards sending whole ships laden with them to Peru to sell them with their other slaughters haue destroyed and laid desart an whole Realme of an hundred leagues square or aboue a Countrie the most blessefull and peopled the most that might be in the world For the Tyrant himselfe wrote hereof that it was more peopled then Mexico and herein he said the truth He hath done to death with his consorts and confreres more then foure or fiue millions of soules in fifteene or sixteene yeeres space from the yeere 24. vnto the yeere 40. and yet at this houre they slay and destroy those that remayne This Tyrant had a custome when as he went to make warre vpon any Citie or Prouince to carrie thither of the Indians already vnder-yoaked as many as hee could to make warre vpon the other Indians and as he gaue vnto a ten or twentie thousand men which hee led along no sustenance he allowed them to eate the Indians which they tooke And so by this meanes hee had in his Campe an ordinary shambles of mans flesh where in his presence they killed and rosted children They killed men onely to haue off from them their hands and their feete which parts they held to be the daintiest morsels He was the death of an infinite sort of the Indians in making of ships the which hee transported after this rate great store of Artilerie which hee loded vpon the shoulders of these poore folke going naked whereby I haue seeue very many fall downe in the high way by reason of their great burdens He vndid whole housholds by taking from the men their wiues and daughters the which afterwards he dispersed in gifts to his Mariners and Souldiers to please them withall who led them along with them in their Nauies Hee stuffed all the ships with Indians where they died for thirst and hunger He made two Nauies

are inuited to praise the name of the Lord for hee hath commanded and they were created How much more should the tongue of man be the Pen of a readie writer and as it is called The glory of the man so imploy it selfe in setting forth the glory of God in his Workes of Creation Prouidence Redemption God is a Glorious Circle whose Center is euery where his circumference no where himselfe to himselfe is Circle and Circumference the Ocean of Entitie that very vbique from whom to whom the Centre of vnitie all diuersified lines of varietie issue and returne And although we euery where feele his present Deitie yet the difference of heauenly climate and influence causing such discording concord of dayes nights seasons such varietie of meteors elements aliments such noueltie in Beasts Fishes Fowles such luxuriant plentie and admirable raritie of Trees Shrubs Hearbs such fertilitie of soyle insinuation of Seas multiplicitie of Riuers safetie of Ports healthfulnesse of ayre opportunities of habitation materialls for action obiects for contemplation haps in present hopes of future worlds of varietie in that diuersified world doe quicken our mindes to apprehend whet our tongues to declare and fill both with arguments of diuine praise On the other side considering so good a Countrey so bad people hauing little of Humanitie but shape ignorant of Ciuilitie of Arts of Religion more brutish then the beasts they hunt more wild and vnmanly then that vnmanned wild Countrey which they range rather then inhabite captiuated also to Satans tyranny in foolish pieties mad impieties wicked idlenesse busie and bloudy wickednesse hence haue wee fit obiects of zeale and pitie to deliuer from the power of darknesse that where it was said Yee are not my people they may bee called the children of the liuing God that Iustice may so proceed in rooting out those murtherers that yet in iudgement imitating Gods de●ling with vs wee may remember Mercy to such as their owne innocence shall protect and Hope shall in Charitie iudge capable of Christian Faith And let men know that hee which conuerteth a sinner from the errour of his way shall saue a soule from death and shall hide a multitude of sinnes And Sauiours shall thus come on Mount Zion to iudge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdome of Virginia shall be Lord. Thus shall wee at once ouercome both Men and Deuills and espouse Virginia to one husband presenting her as a chast Uirgin to Christ. If the eye of Aduenturers were thus single how soone and all the body should be light But the louing our selues more then God hath detained so great blessings from vs to Virginia and from Virginia to vs. Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and that which is to come And if wee be carefull to doe Gods will he will be ready to doe ours All the rich endowments of Uirginia her Virgin-portion from the creation nothing lessened are wages for all this worke God in wisedome hauing enriched the Sauage Countries that those riches might be attractiues for Christian suters which there may sowe spirituals and reape temporals But what are those riches where we heare of no Gold nor Siluer and see more impouerished here then thence enriched and for Mines we heare of none but Iron Iron mindes Iron age of the world who gaue Gold or Siluer the Monopoly of wealth or made them the Almighties fauorites Precious perils specious punishments whose originall is neerest hell whose house is darknesse which haue no eye to see the heauens nor admit heauens eye guilty malefactors to see them neuer produced to light but by violence and conuinced vpon records written in bloud the occasioners of violence in the World which haue infected the surface of their natiue earth with deformity and sterility these Mines being fit emblemes of mindes couetous stored with want and euer wanting their owne store her bowels with darknesse damps deaths causing trouble to the neighbour Regions and mischiefe to the remotest Penurious mindes Is there no riches but Gold Mines Are Iron Mines neglected reiected for hopes of Siluer What and who else is the Alchymist and impostor which turnes the World and Men and all into Iron And how much Iron-workes in Warres and Massacres hath American Gold and Siluer wrought thorow all Christendome Neither speake I this as if our hopes were blasted and growne deplorate and desperate this way the Country being so little searched and the remote in-land-Mountaines vnknowne but to shew the fordid tincture and base alloy of these Mine-mindes Did not the Spanish Iron tell me you that contemne Iron-mines draw to it the Indian Siluer and Gold I will not be a Prophet for Spaine from Virginia But I cannot forget the wily apophthegme of the Pilots Boy in the Cacafuego a great Ship laden with treasure taken in the South Sea by Sir Francis Drake who seeing the English Ordnance command such treasure from the Spanish Cacafuego Our Ship said he shall be called the Cacaplata and the English may be named the Cacafuego I will not be so vnmannerly to giue you the homely English it is enough that English Iron brought home the Spanish-Indian Siluer and Gold But let vs consult with the wisest Councellour Canaan Abrahams promise Israels inheritance type of heauen and ioy of the earth What were her riches were they not the Grapes of Eshcol the balme of Gilead the Cedary neighbourhood of Libanus the pastury vale of Ierieho the dewes of heauen fertility of soile temper of climat the flowing not with Golden Sands but with Milke and Hony necessaries and pleasures of life not bottomelesse gulfes of lust the commodious scituation for two Seas and other things like in how many inferiour to this of Virginia What golden Country euer nourished with her naturall store the hundreth part of men in so small a proportion of earth as Dauid there mustered being 1100000. of Israel and 500000. of Iuda not reckoning the Tribes of Leui and Beniamin all able men for warres And after him in a little part of that little Iehoshaphat More I dare say then the Spaniards can finde in one hundred times so much of their Mine lands and choose their best in Peru New Spaine and the Ilands the Scriptures containing an infallible muster-booke of 1160000. able Souldiers in his small territories That then is the richest Land which can feede most men Man being a mortall God the best part of the best earth and visible end of the visible World What remarkeable Gold or Siluer Mines hath France Belgia Lumbardy or other the richest peeces of Europe what hath Babylonia Mauritania or other the best of Asia and Africke What this our fertile Mother England Aske our late Trauellers which saw so much of Spaine the most famous part of Europe for Mynes of old and inriched with the Mynes of the New World if an Englishman needs to enuy a Spaniard or prefer a Spanish life and happinesse to his owne Their old