notwithstanding hee had subdued two mighty Citties Numance and Carthage so bountifull vvas hee all hys life time Lisander esteemed liberalitie to others more then his owne priuate welfare Fabius Maximus at his owne charge redeemed many Romaine prisoners that were taken captiue by Haniball Of Patience This vertue causeth a vvise man to prepare himselfe to entertaine all kind of fortunes therfore God hath so disposed things that hee will not suffer man to haue a prescience of thinges to come OF all men one man named Anarchus Augustus was most patient in torments and one woman named Laena most patient for silence Plinie Plutarch gaue the Emperor Traiane counsell to be patient towards furious folkes considering that time moderateth as many matters as reason doth change Socrates beeing counselled to reuenge a wrong receiued aunswered VVhat if a mastie had bitten me or an Asse had strooke mee would you haue me goe to law with them Ptolomey King of Egypt demaunded merily of a Gramarian who was the Father of Peleus who aunswered that he desired first to know who was the Father of Lagus noting thereby his base parentage whom when he vvas counselled to punish sayd patiently If it be vnseemely for a King to be mocked it is also as vndecent for him to mocke another Valentinian was of a subtile wit graue countenaunce stoute in his affayres in aduersities patient and a great enemie of the vicious temperate in eating and drinking and a friend to religious persons P. Diac. After Sylla the Romaine had resigned hys Dictatorshyp and became a priuate man a certaine young-man greatly reuiled him gaue him euill language euen before his own dwelling place hee nowe patiently bearing his speeches without any reuengement who before had caused many of his country-men to die for smaller offences tovvardes him Appian VVhen Nicodromos the Musitian had smytten Crates the Thebane on the face he ware a peece of paper on his forheade ouer the wound where in he wrote This did Nicodromos He vvould of purpose scold with harlots thereby to inure himselfe to beare al reproches the more patiently Dem. Phal VVhen the persecuted Christians complained against theyr aduersaries to Iulian the Emperour desiring iustice he ansvvered them It is your Maisters commaundement that you should beare all kinde of iniuries with patience Mauritius the Emperour beholding the death of his children vvith great patience vvhen he savve his vvife put to death cryed out O Lord thou art iust and thy iudgements are right Darius what ill hap soeuer chaunced vnto him hee tooke it patiently and vvas neuer troubled in minde for the same Herodotus Anaxagoras vvas much commended for so patiently bearing the death of his sonne for when newes was brought him that his sonne was dead he sayd I knew that I had begotten a mortall man Laertius Eretricus one of Zenos schollers beeing asked of his father what hee had learned aunswered hee would tell him by and by but hee thereat angry strooke his sonne vvho presently sayd vnto him This much haue I learned to beare patiently the wordes and blowes which my father giueth me Lycurgus hauing lost one of his eyes by the misbehauiour of Alcander towards him the Cittizens brought Alcander vnto him to be punished but he contrary to their request patiently dismissed him and pardoned the offence Thucidides Eusebius vvhen a vvicked vvoman of the sect of Arrius had vvillingly throwne a stone at him and therewithall had vvounded him to death he was so patiently minded and so farre from taking reuenge that hee svvore all his friends that were about him at the very howre of his death not to punish her for the same Xenophon Dion and Antigonus are faâ—ous for theyr singuler patience The Gymnosophists of India were so patient that from sunne rising till sunne setting they continued vpon the hote sand vvithout either meate or drinke The Lacedemonians were most patient in trauaile winde weather and warres Diogenes walking one day abroade in Athence wherein there was many images of such auncient men as had best deserued of the Common-wealth asked his almes of them all one after another and being asked why he did so I learne heereby quoth he to take deniall patiently The Hebrew Doctors figure the Asse as a perfect symbole of patience fortitude and clemencie Cor. Agrippa Because the Asse patiently yeeldeth his body to so many burdens in reward thereof he is neuer troubled with the lousie sicknesse Idem The Asse vvas so respected in the olde Testament that when God commaunded euery first borne to be slaine for sacrifice hee onely spared with men Asses Christ vvould haue the patient Asse a witnesse of his natiuitie Idem A certaine Philosopher vsurped the name not to the true vse of vertue but for ostentation sake to whom one sayd that hee would not repute him a vvise Phylosopher vnlesse he dyd vvith patience endure contumelies and iniuries vvhich hee a vvhile did suffer but boasting sayd Now doost thou see that I am a right Phylosopher but the other presently replyed I had vnderstood so much if thou hadst held thy peace Boetius Tyberius Caesar was commended of Suetonius for suffering in free citties free tongs Philip of Macedon asked the Embassadors of Athence vvhat pleasure hee might doe to them to vvhom they answered that it were the greatest pleasure to Athence if he would hang himselfe which the King patienly endured saying Your reprochfull wordes doe make King Philip better able to reuenge your malice by warres then moue him to aunswere your vnseeming speeches with words Alexander Seuerus beeing by some of hys friendes informed that he was greatly maligned of his people blamed of the Senators for the slender regard he had of the Citty he sayde It belongeth to Princes to requite the good and not remember the euill Herodian Harpalus was of exceeding patience being bidden by Astiages to supper vvhere he had tvvo sonnes of his ready drest and layde in a siluer charger before him on the table to bee eaten Iustinus Of Education There be two ages as Aristotle saith wherinto the institution of youth is to bee deuided namely from the age of seauen yeeres vntill foureteene and from foureteene to one twentie for they that deuide the ages by seuen most commonly say amisse but it is rather meete to follow the deuision of nature because euery Art and institution will supply the want of nature IN Persia Lacedemonia and sundry other Prouinces the Princes and the Nobilitie had alvvayes a special regard to commit the education of theyr chyldren to such men of learning as might instruct them in matters of vvisedome whereby they might proue profitable to their câ—untry Lycurgus to prooue that education could alter nature brought vp two whelps which had both one Damme the one to hunt the other to keepe house and afterward to try the conclusion he sette downe before them an Hare and a pot of pottage the one fell tâ— the pottage the other ranne after the Hare Aelianus Socrates and
the femenine sexe to haue had masculine courages Theana being demaunded what married wife deserued commendation aunswered She that medleth onely with her rocke and spindle that loueth onely her husbands bed and keepeth her tongue in quiet Atheneus The Essenians haue neyther wife nor seruants nor the Dulopolitans called otherwise the Rascalls and Slaues of Citties professed open enemies to all women-kind Iosephus Homer bringeth in Iupiter reprouing and threatning his wife when she is rebellious but neuer further Vpon the Ascention day in Venice the Duke accompanied with all his Nobles in a faire vessel of plesure made Gally-wise goeth in it a mile or two into the Sea casteth there in a ring of gold thinking by this ceremony they so marry the Sea vnto them that all the yeare after they may haue safe passage for their commodities Of Parents Children God hath formed the mind to the perfect mold of truth and vertue carrying it farre from vice wherefore it behoueth Parents to giue their children good education which once taught then is their voyage and Nauigation in this world happy making them thankefull to the occasions of their great good where otherwise neglected they abhorre the remembrance of their Parents when through their damnable liberty and euill examples they haue beene led away SOlon made a law that those Parents in their old age should not be releeued of theyr children which cared not how they practised good manners or profited in letters Timarchides being of wicked life was not ashamed to haue his Sonne of tender yeares to be a viewer and witnes of his wicked lyuing Cic. Verres cared not how his Sonne spent his time whether among harlots or honest persons Cic. Scipio Affricanus being eighteene yeares of age his Father then Consull saued his life at Ticinum and ouercame him that wounded his Father Stat. Vespasian being besieged of the Barbarians in Britania was deliuered by his Sonne Titus Xiphil Lausus the Sonne of Mezentius defended his Father from Aeneas and was slayne of him Virg. Antigonus when hee had obtained a great victory of his enemies hee tendered all the honour at his Fathers feete Rauisius Antigone led her blind Father Oedipus Sophocles Cleobis and Byton drew theyr mother in her Coach to the temple of Apollo Cicero Leo the younger when he had raigned one yeare rendered the crowne againe to his Father Zeno. Aegeus when he saw the ship that his Sonne rode into Crete returne with blacke sailes contrary to promise supposing that hee was slaine threw himselfe from an high rocke into the Sea Ouid. Aelius Tubero had sixteene children of his owne body all of them maried and dwelling in one house with their children and lyuing with him in all peace concord The arrogancy of a childe was the cause that one of the Ephories published the law of testaments wherby it was permitted to euery one from that time forward to appoynt whom he would his heire Among the Romains the child was not admitted to pleade his Fathers vvill after his death by way of action but onely by way of request vsing very humble and reuerent speech of his dead Father and leauing the whole matter to the discretion of the Iudges Patritius Antigonus the Sonne of Demetrius who was taken prisoner by Seleucus when his Father sent him word to giue no credite to any letters he should send for the deliuering vp of certaine townes thereto constrained by Seleucus Antigonus contrariwise writ to Seleucus that he would yeeld him vp all become pledge for him if he would restore his Father Apollonida mother to King Eumenes and to three other of his bretheren accounted her selfe happy because she saw her 3. younger sonnes as it were a garde to theyr elder brother Cato with his owne hande wrote a historie and gaue it to his sonne to the end he might there see the acts of his auncestors learne the skill howe to gouerne the Common-wealth Bercilidus a Gouernour in Sparta sitting at meate did forbid that the younger sorte should doe him reuerence reproouing himselfe of barrennes because he had not begotten any children to doe them the like honor when they were old Cornelia accounted her children to be the chiefest treasure riches that she had Val. In Fraunce there was a Father his sonne condemned to death for treason and iudged to be executed according to the custom of the Country by standing in a Caudron in vvhich they should be boyled to death now it was winter and beeing both naked in the water the sonne began to quake for cold and when the vvater was heated to cry out vvith great impatience his Father persisting immoueable in both sayd Thou sonne of a vile whore canst thou neither abide heat nor cold Augustus commanded the Ladies his children to learne all the offices and qualities wherewith a vvoman might liue be maintained and vvhereof she ought to boast herselfe in such vvise that all the apparrel which they vveare they did spin and weaue saying that a rock became a Ladies girdle asvvell as a Launce becam a Knight or a book a Priest Sueto Annalis being condemned by the Triumuiri fled to a tenant of his who had a homely house was safe hid vntill his son broughâ— the pursuers to the house who killed him Then the Triumuiri rewarded him with his Fathers goods and made him Chamberlain of the Citty but one day beeing drunke and troubling the souldiours they which killed his father murdered him Appian Choranius the vnhappy Father of an vnthrifty sonne prayed the pursuers to spare his life a while till he might sende to his son to speake to Anthony who laughed at him sayd his sonne had spoken but to the contrary Appian Quintus Ciceros brother and his sonne being taken prayed the murtherers to kil him before his sonne but his sonne requested the contrary vvhereupon the souldiers promised to graunt both theyr desires and taking them a sunder by a token killed them both at one instant Appian Ignatius the Father and the sonne fighting together dyed of one vvound when their heads vvere striken of theyr bodies dyd yet imbrace Idem Aruntius could hardly perswade his sonne that would not flie without him to saue himselfe because he was but young his mother sent him afore to the gates and then returned to burie her husband beeing killed and vvhen she shortly after heard that her sonne vvas dead vpon the sea shee famished herselfe Plut. Geta the sonne of Scoponius made a fire in the open place of his house to burie his Father that seemed to be dead whom he had hid in an house in the country where the old man disguising himselfe layde a parchment before his eyes and after the agreement was made hee tooke away the parchment and founde his eyes out for want of vse Appian Oppius sonne minding to take part vvith his olde feeble father bare him on his backe till hee was past the gates and the rest of the vvay
sometimes leading him sometimes bearing him he brought him safe to Sicelie so did Aeneas for Anchises his father Idem Metellus the father and the sonne the one Captaine vnder Anthony the other vnder Caesar the Father being prisoner and beeing condemned his sonne sayde to Caesar Thys hath beene thy enemy ô Caesar and I thy friend him thou must punish and me rewarde I desire thee to saue my father for mee or let mee die for him at whose request he was saued Idem Crates Thebanus deliuered a stock of mony to his friends vpon this condition that if it shoulde happen his children to bee fooles they should therewith be maintained but if they became learned and phylosophers then to distribute it to the poore Dem. Mag. Periander one of the 7. Sages of Greece and a Tyrant sent for his sonne Licophorna that with his owne hands hee might kill him because he mourned for the death of his mother which when the Cittizens of Corcyra knew they put him to death themselues to deliuer him from his Fathers tiranny Vale. Maximus Priamus had by Hecuba fifty Sonnes and Daughters Orodes king of Parthians thirtie Artaxerxes a hundred and fifteene Erothinus King of the Arabians seauen hundred in confidence of whom he inuaded the confines of his enemies and with seuerall inroads he wasted the Lands of Egypt and Syria Petrarch Petrarch writeth of a married woman that had twelue seuerall children by twelue seuerall men one of them a yeere elder then the other who ready to die tolde her husband of them all he was Father but to the eldest and reckoning vp the Fathers of the other the youngest cryed to her good mother giue me a good Father to whom she sayde that a very rich man was his father wherevpon the childe was glad saying If hee be rich I haue a good father Astapus Amphorinus bare such loue to their parents that their Citty beeing burned they tooke them vpon their shoulders and carried them through the midst of the fire A woman of Athence her father called Cymon being in pryson where he was like to be famished craued so much leaue of the Keeper that shee might haue accesse to her Father whō with her milke shee preserued long time from death Harpalice her father being takē prisoner by the Getes redeemed him with more celerity then can be thought in a woman Seruius It is written that three bretheren striuing vvho should enioy their fathers land vvere content to be agreed by the King swearing that they vvould stand to that which hee determined the King commaunded the dead body of the Father to bee taken vp saying that hee vvhich shot neerest the hart should be the right successor the eldest shotte him in the throate the second in the breast neere the hart but the third abhorring this damned resolution sayd I had rather yeeld all to my brothers then bee so degenerate To whom for his vertue and reuerence to his father the King adiudged the land Israell many yeeres lamented the losse of one of his sonnes for whom when hee vvas 120. yeeres old he vvent downe with al his family into Egypt Dauid greatly lamented the death of his rebellious sonne Absalon Orodes King of Persia hearing that his son Pacorus was slaine in the wars against Ventidius vvith extreame greefe therof became mad Rauisius Auctolia the daughter of Sinon and wife of Laertes vnderstanding a false report of Vlisses death her sonne at Troy dyed for sorrow Idem Anius King of Thuscans had a Daughter called Salia whom when Oritheus had stoln away threvve himselfe violently into a Riuer called afterward by his own name Plutarch Lucius Gellius when in a maner he knew that his sonne had beastly abused himselfe with his stepmother and attempted to bereaue him of life became himselfe this wretches defender and before the Senate acquited him both of fault and punishment Val. Maximus Dioschorus put to death his vertuous and religious Daughter Barbara for imbracing the Christian fayth Ptolomeus Euergetes beeing expulsed his kingdome for his crueltie killed his sonne in Cyprus whom hee had by his sister Cleopatra sent her his head feete for a token Liuius Apteras Saturnus caused his owne Father to be gelded killed his owne sonnes held continuall vvarres against his bretheren Berosus Deiotarus hauing many sonnes murthethered all saue one that he which suruiued al the rest might be mightier and of greater power Gellius Hippomenes an Athenian Prince for that his daughter Lima was founde in adulterie caused her to be close shutte vp with a horse giuing her no releefe but the horse almost famished deuoured his daughter Laertius Oppianicus contrary to the common nature of Parents was content for money to forsake his children Cicero Domitius detested his sonne Nero for no other cause but that hee had begotten him vpon Agrippina Suetonius Medea beeing forsaken of Iason murdered her owne sonnes Ouid. Herod commaunded his onely child to be killed among the general massacre of the innocents in Iurie vvhich vvhen Augustus heard he sayd That he had rather bee Herods hog then his child Iosephus Prusius King of Bithinia was murthered of his owne sonne when he had committed the rule vnto him P. Malleolus for killing of his mother was the first amongst the Romans that vvas sowed in a sacke and cast into the sea Liuius Cham the youngest sonne of Noah his Father being drunke lying naked called his brethren to that vnnatural sight who going backwards couered theyr fathers secrets for the which they were blessed the posterity of Cham accursed Gene. 6. Absalon rising against his father Dauid expelled him his kingdome afterward assayled by Ioab fled and was hanged by his haire vpon an Oake Helie the Prophet winking at the faultes of his children though forewarned of Samuel died a violent death and his sonnes both in one howre were slaine in battaile by the Philistines as a iust reuenge for their former disobedience Regum 11. Adramelach and Sarazar murdered theyr Father Senacharib for which they were driuen out of theyr kingdome and ended theyr dayes in exile 4. Reg. Irene pulled out her sonne Constantines eyes because hee began to beare himselfe ouer proudly in the Empire Eristhenes was famished of his mother because he fought in battaile with no courage Rauisius Damatria when shee heard that her sonne had not behaued himselfe in battaile as the sonne of so woorthy a mother shoulde haue doone at his returne killed him Orchanus caused his daughter to be buried aliue because Apollo had rauished her Ouid. Tigranes killed one of his sons because he would not take him vp when hee had a fall at hunting for that hee set the crowne vpon his head Appian Machates the sonne of Mithridates for feare of his father killed himselfe Mithridates killed his sonne Siphares to be reuenged of the mother Gripus who was king after Seleucus made his mother drinke the poyson vvhich shee had prepared for him Medullina whose body was
of the Bactrians vvas so â—ell beloued of his subiects for his vertues 〈◊〉 after his death the principall citties conâ—â—ded which of them shoulde haue the hoâ—or of his buriall for the appeasing of which â—ife it was concluded that each of them 〈◊〉 remembrance of his worthynes should â—ake a tombe Harmocrates the last Tyrant in Sicilia at the very instant of his death exhorted hys sonne to liue so vprightly that his vertues might make him to be enuied Alexander praised greatly this vertue in the Phylosopher Calisthenes that for others he asked many things for himselfe nothing Plutarch Into the graue Senate of Areopage noâ—e were receiued except they had made some notable proofe of their vertues Sabellicus A rare example of a Romans vertue was iâ— Mesâ—ala who hauing Claudius in his custodie who before had proscribed him restored him to his estate and preserued him frâ—â— danger Appianus Iuno through her riches Mercurie througâ— his eloquence Venus through her beautie Mâ—â—s through his threats and the rest of thâ— Gods hauing all conspired against Iupiter 〈◊〉 were not able to pull him out of heauen 〈◊〉 which the Poets signified that a vertuouâ— man can by no meanes be turned aside from iustice Plato wrote 54. Bookes or Dialogues which did all intrâ—ate of vertue in which that he might not be thought vngrateful toward his Maister Socrates who woulde neuer write any thing hee bringeth him in reâ—hearsing that which he heard him speake Anacharsis led with the onely loue of verâ—ue left the kingdom of Scythia to his younâ—er brother trauailed into Grecia where â—e learned phylosophy of Solon Pelopidas generall of the Thebans is more â—raised for his notable vertue hee shevved â—hen he was prysoner in the hands of Alexâ—nder the tyrannous K. of the Phereans theÌ„â—or all his vertues gotten before Thucid. The Emperour Rodolphus othervvise of â—afe parentage by his vertues mounted to 〈◊〉 Monarchie Maximilian the Emperour aunswered one â—hat desired his Letters patents to ennoble â—im I am able to make thee rich but vertue onâ—â— must make thee noble Alexander Seuerus neuer kept in his court 〈◊〉 ill disposed persons or suffered any â—â—ough neuer so neere to him in blood once â—ound faulty to escape vnpunished Lactan. Marius esteemed it a great poynt of vertue â—nd high courage to bee skilful in cosenage Plutarch Two of the most famous Citties in the â—orld were in two extremeties Rome the â—ead of vice and Alexandria the end of all â—ertues Aurelius Of Iustice. Betweene the two zodiacall signes Leo and Libra is a virgin called Astraea or Iustice the which in times past dwelled vpon the earth anâ— beeing abused and neglected of mortall men 〈◊〉 tooke ber flight to heauen THe Egyptians who vvere the auncienâ— Lawmakers in theyr Citties caused Iuâ—ges to be paynted without handes and the President or chiefe Iustice with hys eyeâ— blindfolded thereby signifying that Iusticâ— ought neither to be briber nor respecter oâ— persons Pausanius Beza faineth Iustice and Mercie to bee two Sisters standing by the throne of God VVhen the Hebrewes asked a King of Samuell they added this to iudge al nations The Areopagites iudged by night and iâ— the darke Quintil. Aristides for his impartiall dealing in 〈◊〉 matters was sirnamed the Iust. Mycerinus the son of Cleops surpassed 〈◊〉 the Kings of Egipt for true iustice Herodâ—t Iunius Brutus a consul of Rome condemned his two sonnes Titus Tiberius to beâ—â—eheaded for that they conspired the reentre â—f Tarquinius race into Rome Liuius Philip and Alexander his sonne when any â—ame to complaine stopped one of theyr â—ares which they reserued for the defenâ—ant Plutarch No man durst euer solicite Cato Censorius 〈◊〉 any dishonest cause Cicero The Emperour Iulian though otherwise a â—yrant condemned no man before his cause â—as heard Euseb. Cambises commaunded Sisamnes skinne â—or his iniustice to bee â—lead of and couering â—he iudgement seate there-with appointed â—is sonne to iudge in his place Herodotus Seleucus Gouernour of â—ocris his sonne â—eeing taken in adultery whose punishment â—as losse of both his eyes to satisfie iustice â—nd in some sort the people who intreated â—im to remit the punishment caused one of â—is sonnes and another of his owne to bee â—ulled out Valerius A boy was condemned at Athence for that â—e vsed to catch young Quailes and to pull â—ut theyr eyes and so to let them flie againe â—im the Areopagites thought not vvorthy â—o lyue fearing that if hee were remitted for â—hys offence hee would not stick in time to attempt greater cruelties Quintil. Phocion refused to helpe his sonne in lavv Charillus in iudgement beeing accused for bribery saying withal that he had made him his allie in al iust reasonable matters only Philip was importuned by an olde woman to heare her cause to whom when the King made aunswer that he had no leysure she replyed then be no King which he wel regarding sette all busines aside to heare her complaint Valerius Thys King beeing once ouertaken vvitâ— sleepe and not well hearing the iustificatioâ— defence of Machetas he condemned him in a certaine summe wherevpon Machetaâ— cryed out I appeale to Philip when hee is thâ—rowly awake vvhich when he heard againe he aquited him Philip the first King of Macedon vvaâ— slaine by Pausanias a meane gentleman because hee woulde not let him haue iustice â—gainst Antipater VVhen Aristides was to determine a controuersie betweene two one of them sayde My aduersary Aristides hath doone the wrong But he aunswered My friend declare onely vvherein he hath wronged thee for I am here to doe thee right and not my â—â—lfe Laertius Antonius Venereus Duke of Venice cauâ—â—d his sonne to die in prison because hee had â—â—uished a maide Papinian a Pagan although hee was comâ—aunded by the Emperor Caracalla whose â—eward and familiar hee was to defende an â—niust cause would not doe it Marsilius Cleon of Lacedemon minding to deale in â—ublique affayres called all his friends togeâ—her and told them that hee renounced and â—ischarged himselfe of all friendship because 〈◊〉 caused men sometimes to swarue from iuâ—tice Plut. Aurelianus the Emperour was so fearefull of placing an vnwoorthy man in the seate of iudgement that hee neuer preferred any to the dignity of Senator but with the consent of the whole Senate Pau. Diaconus Traianus allighted from his horse as he was going to warres onely to doe iustice to a poore woman Eutropius Mardus sate in iudgement vpon his Sonne Cartanes and would haue put him to death but Artaxerxes seeing his iustice pardoned his sonne Aelianus Agesilaus requested by his Father to gyue sentence against equity graciously denyed him with this aunswer You haue taught me◠ô Father from my youth to obey the lawes 〈◊〉 therefore I will now obey you therein by iudging nothing against the lawes At Athence if any man committed wilful murder iudgemeÌ„t was prosecuted in a place called Martius Pagus it against his vvill the sessions was kept in Palladum if the murderer
Themistocles were both by nature vicious but by education vertuous the one made a perfect man by Phylosophy the other by the example of Miltiades M. Portius Cato would needs be Schoolemaister to his owne children which institution did much auaile them not so much because he was Cato as that hee was their Father Plutarch Iulius Caesar adopted his nephew Octauius and brought him vp himselfe Amongst the Heluetians or Switzers wheÌ„ one was condemned to death order was taken that the execution thereof shoulde bee done by the Father who was the cause of his euill education that he might come to hys death by the authour of his life and that the father might in some sort be punished for his negligence vsed towards his child Traianus and Adrianus at theyr own charges caused fiue thousand noble mens Chyldren of Rome to be brought vp in learning vertue and feates of Armes for the profiâ— of the Common-wealth Eutropius Eteocles one of the most noble Euphorie of Lacedemonia freely aunswered Antipater asking 50. pledges that he would not gyue him chyldren least if they were brought vp farre from their Fathers they should change the auncient custome of liuing vsed in theyr owne country and become vicious but of old men women he would giue him double the number if he would be so pleased to accept of them Leo the Emperour wished that Schoolemaisters might receiue the pay of men at Armes Alexander caused thirty thousand children of those nations hee had conquered to bee brought vp vnder professors of sundry Sciences by whose policies if he had lyued he had thought to haue held al the whole world in awe Plutarch Hipperides an Orator of Greece sayde to one who tolde him that hee had sent a slaue with his sonne to gouerne him You haue doone very well for in sted of one slaue at his returne you shall receiue two The Cittizens of Rome dyd throw Scemides with her sonne Heliogabalus aliue into the riuer Tyber to beare him company for that she bare and brought vp such a gulfe of mischiefes Suetrnius Plato had his education among the priest of Egipt where he learned such instructions as made his phylosophie so perfect that whatâ—soeuer proceeded from the mouth of Plato vvas accounted diuine The Lacedemonians vvere wont to make choyse of men of learning and vvisedome for the education of theyr cittizens and them they called Publique Tutors for vvhich respect they were holden vertuous men in action valiant of courage and excellent in martiall discipline The Phylosophers in Greece made certayne playes for the instruction of young men vvhich discipline eternall memorie hath preserued till these our dayes In Iulius Caesar there wanted no fortitude for he ouercame many neyther clemencie for hee pardoned his enemies neyther liberality for hee gaue away kingdoms neither science for he vvrote many bookes neither fortune for hee vvas Lord of all men but he vvanted good manners vvhich is the foundation of a quiet life Suetonius King Philip of Macedon vowed his sonne vnto Aristotle as soone as euer he was born and afterward did put him happily into hys hands and he trained him vp in philosophy Comodus the Emperor was a very vertuous chyld in the beginning and had good education but in the end he prooued a most vvicked Prince Suetonius Nero wanted no good instructions such a maister he had as neuer any had a better yet among all the Emperours of Rome not any one was worse then he Tacitus Iulian the Apostate tooke away all beneuolences and contributions to schooles of â—earning to the end the chyldren might not be instructed in the liberal Arts but brought vp in ignorance Caligula the fourth Emperour of Rome vvas brought vp vvith such cost and delicacie in his youth that they doubted in Rome whether Drusius Germanicus his Father employed more for the Armies in vvarres then Caligula his sonne spent in the cradle for his pleasures Suetonius The Mother of Alexander the twenty sixe Emperour of Rome was so carefull of her sonnes education that shee kept continually a guard of men to take heed that no vicious man came vnto him to corrupt him in euill Herodian Of Wit Memory A good wit hath three degrees of hope of practising of perfection the first is in chyldren the second in young men in beeing perceiued 3. wayes by desire to learne by quicke conceit by a good memory The third of perfection is in the elder sort when they quickly conceiue faithfully remember and fruitfully put in practise those things which they haue learned ESdras the priest had the lawes of the Hebrues at his fingers end Alâ—ibiades wheresoeuer hee vvas and in vvhat country soeuer hee soiourned coulde easily frame himselfe according to the manners of the people Plutarch Such another was Marcus Antonius for at Rome hee vvoulde liue like a Romane and would seeme a right Senator in Egipt vvho more licentious Seuerus the good Emperor because of his stable wit and iudgment was called Seuerus Pertinax Eutropius Clemens the sixt vvas of so good a memory that whatsoeuer he once learned hee neuer after forgot Mithridates was of so great a memory that he could call euery one of his Souldiours by name Appian Anthony of Gueuara sometimes his memory would be so good and wit so quicke and skill so excellent that he could deuide an haire and sweepe a graine at other times he wished not onely 5. but 10. sences which wee call wittes The first lesson that Socrates taught his Schollers was Remember learne to forget that which thou hast ill learned Lirinensis The Sophists of Greece could with theyr eloquence and copiousnes of wit make of a Mouse an Elephant and a mountaine of a molehill The Schollers of Pythagoras learned his precepts by hart vsing their wits memories for bookes Portius neuer forgotte any thing that hee once reade before Seneca could rehearse after one by hearing two hundred verses Aelius Adrianus amongst a great army of Souldiours if any one were missing straight knew who it was Iustinus Scipio could call all his Souldiers by name Plutarch I. Caesar could reade talke heare and aunâ—swere at one time Plinie Carmedes a Grecian neuer heard anie thing but he could repeate it word by word without writing Pythagoras was willed of Mercury to aske what hee would but immortality and hee should haue it of whom he obtained to keep in memory all things that he had heard and seene Laertius Lucullus is recorded of Tully for his excellent memory The Aegiptians vsed characters and figures for their memory which was called locall memory Baptista Hortensius could pronounce out of hand with his tongue what he wrote with his pen. Plinie Cyneas being sent from King Pyrrhus to Rome the second day in the Senate house before all the people of Rome he named all the Senators Cyrus could call euery Souldiour in his campe by name Xenophon Cassius Seuerus sayde that although his bookes were burned hee caried all his learning in mind and
and Ceres his sisters much mislyking that one so rude as Titan should ascende to the succession of Caelius crowne gaue the kingdome to Saturne his younger brother vnder this couenant notwithstanding that he should slay alâ— his male children to the end the issue of Titan might after Saturnes death repossesse the kingdome Saturnes wife and sister Ops brought foorth a sonne which hee caused to be slaine after this shee was deliuered of a daughter and a sonne Iupiter and Iuno who desirous to saue the life of his sonne gaue him to her mother Vesta and presented only the daughter to Saturne After this contrary to the knowledge of Saturne shee brought forth an other sonne called Neptune and at another birth Pluto and Glauca but she onely shewed the daughter Titan vnderstanding that Saturne had broken promise with him with the forces of the Titanois his children inuaded Saturne imprisoned him and his wife Ops which Iupiter hauing knowledge of being a valiant Prince and ayded with the Coribantes amongst whoÌ„ he was trayned ouercame Titan and deliuered his Parents Of this warre came the fable of the warres of the Giants Saturne forwarned by the Oracle to take â—eede of Iupiter his sonne for that hee had â—â—tention to kill him and expulse him his â—ingdome deuised to destroy him who vnâ—erstanding his coÌ„spiracies came with a great â—rmy and vanquished his Father Saturne fled into Italy and there taught the people to plant and sow and manure theyr earth in recompence whereof hauing liued before with roots and wild fruits they honored him as a God Iupiter maried his sister Iuno and conquered many Countries not so much by power as pollicy and for his wisedome ordayning of lawes inuention of arts profitable for mans life he was worshipped as a God to whom those Princes he ouercame erected temples thereto inioyned by him for the better establishment of his deuine honour The brethren of Iupiter Neptunus and Pluto summoned him to partition of his patrimony where-vnto he agreed and deuiding the kingdome by lot the vvest part fell to Pluto the Iles and banks of the Sea happened to the portion of Neptune and to Iupiteâ— all the confines of the East Of this partition sprung the fiction of the Poets calling Neptune the God of the Seas and Pluto God infernall or dis pater for that the vvest or falling of the sunne is more dark and cloudy and more base and low then the East Heere grew also the first fiction that Iupiter chased his Father into hell for that Italy where Saturne was retired standeth vvest in respect of Candia and is more darke The Poets faigned that the firmament or heauen fell to the part of Iupiter the rather for that hee remayned for the most part since that partition in the mount Olympus in Thesalia vvhich the Greekes called heauen Iuno the daughter of Saturne vvas the sister and wife of Iupiter borne at Argos some write at Samos the Goddesse of marriage and therefore called Pronuba likewise Lucina for child-birth the Queene of riches and honour to whom the Pecocke is consecrated Vulcanus was the God of fire and sonne of Iuno vvhom Iupiter for his deformity cast from heauen into Lemnos where he was honoured Mars was faigned to be the God of warre and Iunoes sonne without the company of man he was also vvorshipped in Lemnos Apollo the God of vvisedome Musicke Phisicke Poetry and Shooting was borne of Iupiter and Latona brother to Diana he â—s called in heauen Sol in earth Liber pater iâ—â—ell Apollo he was worshipped at Delphos and renowned for his Oracles Venus vvyfe of Vulcan is faigned to bee borne of the froth of the Sea the Goddesse of loue beauty and all sensuall delights she was adored in Cyprus Cupid the sonne of Venus was paynted naked winged blind in his hand a bowe and at his backe a Quiuer of arrowes his companions are Dronkennesse Sloth Luxury Strife Hate and VVarre he was worshipped for the God of Loue. Mercurie vvas the Sonne of Iupiter and Maia the God of eloquence and merchandize and the messenger of the Gods holding a Caduceus in his hand Dionysius otherwise called Bacchus for that hee shewed the Indeans the vse of Grapes was honoured for a God Ceres first taught men hovve to plough sovve reape and grinde theyr Corne and therefore they helde her a Goddesse Plinie Diana for her chast lyfe vvas honoured for a Goddesse she continually exercâ—â—sed her selfe in hunting wild beasts in heaâ—uen she is called Luna in earth Diana in heâ— Proserpina Aeolus was faigned by the Poets to be thâ— God of the winds because the cloudes anâ— mists rising about the 7. Aeolian Ilands 〈◊〉 whom hee was King did alwayes portenâ— great store of winds Pallas was the Goddesse of wisedome anâ— all good Arts and Sciences borne of Iupiteâ—â— braine without a mother Nemesis the daughter of Oceanus and Nox called also Adrastea was the Goddesse of reuenge Berecynthia Rhea Tellus Vesta or Cybile was the mother of the Gods Pierides the nine Muses daughters of Iupiter and Mnemosyne dwelled in Helicon and were called the Goddesse of Poetry Musicke Momus was the carping God who neuer did any thing himselfe but curiously beheld the doings of other to carpe thereat Priapus the sonne of Bacchus and Venus the God of Gardens Pomoma the Goddesse of fruite Flora of flowers and Feronia of the woods Charites were the Graces in number three â—glaia Thalia Euphrosyne supposed to bee â—he daughters of Iupiter Venus Penates Lares were houshold Gods but â—ares for the harth and fire called by the â—ames of good and euill Angells also the â—reseruers of Townes and Citties Genius or Daimon the Panyms thought to â—e a good or euill Angell appoynted to each man to guide and defend or to punish them Fortune is faigned to dispose and change the good and euill haps of men the daughter of Oceanus or as Orpheus of the blood as a power not to be resisted shee is painted blind and drawne in a Coach with blind Horses vainly honored for a Goddesse Pan was the God of sheepheards of whom Duriâ— Samius writeth that hee was the sonne of Penelope whose wooers being so long delayed they all abused her and got vpon her Pan. Pales was the Goddesse of sheepheards Faunus sonne to Picus and father of Latinus was the Father of all the rurall Gods his Son Sterculius inuented the manuring coÌ„passing of grounds and therfore was deified Syluanus the God of vvoods loued Cyparissus who was turned by Apollo into a tree of his owne name in remembrance of 〈◊〉 Syluanus would alwayes beare a braunchâ— Cypres Ianus a King of Italy was a wise and proâ—â—â—dent Prince and therfore they pictured hiâ— with two faces he was called the God of â—â—â—terance whose temple gates in time of wanâ— was alwayes open and in peace shut vp Terminus was God of the bounds or seueâ—rall marks Libitina was a Goddesse in whose templâ— were sold all things pertaining to
God Antisthenes was of opinion that there vvere many popular gods and but one true and naturall God which is the Creator of al. The Sabians worshipped God in 3. persons naming the first Holy the second Fidius the third Semi-pater and in their oathes they did commonly put Fidius in the midst as vnder that name comprehending all the 3. persons whereof came their great oath Medius Fidius The auncient Romans called their Iupiter Optimus maximus to shew that his diuinity is before his omnipotencie The Persians had two gods the one good Creator author of al goodnes whom they called by the name of Truth the other wicked author of all euill resembling him to Darknes and Ignorance Agathius The Tuscane wits are sharpe and waspish God keepeth them vnder a Prince the Switzers be a people of a contrary disposition peaceable and quiet he therefore giueth them liberty the Venetians to be of a meane betwixt both therefore hee permitteth to them a mixt or meane kind of gouernment Lipsius Euclides beeing demaunded many things touching God aunswered Other thinges I know not but of this I am assured that hee hateth curious persons The Athenians banished Protagoras their cittie and Country because in one of his bookes he called in question the dietie and caused his bookes to be burned Cicero Vpon the image of Senacharib in Egipt was written Learne by me to feare God Pherecides an Assyrian for contemning God and godlines was so consumed vvith lyce that he fled for shame from the societie of men and died miserably Lucian hauing professed Christianity vnder the Emperour Traian fell away afterwardes and became so prophane and impious that hee mocked at Religion and diuinitie where-vpon hee was sirnamed Atheist in the end he was torne in peeces with dogs Suidas The Emperour Iustinian continuing obstinate in the heresie of Pelagius the wrath of God fell vpon him and suddenly without any grudge or token of sicknes hee was depriued of his sences and became a foole hee was so strooken that his life and folly ended in one day P. Diaconus Iulian the Apostate at his death cast vp his blood into the ayre crying Vicisti Galilaee Augustus erected an Altar in the Capitoll with this inscription The altar of the first begotten sonne of God Niceph. The Emperour Tiberius vpon a Letter written to him from Pontius Pilate reporting the miracles of Iesus and his innocent death with his glorious resurrection preferred a bill to the Senate with his assent vnto it to haue them proclaime Iesus to bee God which they refused but Tiberius abode still in his opinion Egesippus Alexander the sonne of Mammea dyd in his chappell worship Iesus sirnamed Christ of whom he tooke his Poesie Doe not to another that which thou wouldest not haue doone vnto thy selfe And therefore the Antiochians called him the Arch priest of Syria Dion Certaine Pagans vsed outrage and offered great iniurie to a religious man and in disdaine asked him what profit hee had by his Christ Is not this aunswered hee a singuler profit not to be moued with your bitter words and to pardon the heauie wrongs you haue doone me Cassianus The Apostles forsooke all and followed Christ that the mother Church might receiue them naked whom their mother flesh had brought naked into the world Cyprian The Christian souldiers vnder Iulian the Apostate burning incense had almost forsaken Christ but after beeing better aduised they restored theyr gifts to him which hee gaue them to commit idolatry and earnestly desired that for their right hand vvhich had made that fault their whole body might suffer for Christ. Ph. Lonicerus Marcellius Bishop of Rome for â—eare of Dioclesian offered sacrifice to idols Heathen gods but afterward lamented it Idem Origen constrained and drawne to the Altar by the cruell instruments of sathan sacrificed to the gods of Alexandria but after being desired to teach at Ierusalem reading the 16. verse of the 50. psalme Vnto the vvicked sayd God what hast thou to doe to declare mine ordinaunces that thou shouldest take my commaundement in thy mouth he sate downe and mourned The Valentinians did hold that there were thirtie couple of Gods the Heathen vvorshipped thirty thousand August Euphemera Tegeian wrote the true Historie and genealogie of the Heathen Gods shewing that they were Kings Princes and great personages and therfore he was called Atheist Lactan. Varro the best learned of all the Romans made a bedrole of all the gods for feare as he sayth least they should stray away wherin he concludeth that those doe worship the true God which adorne the onely one and acknowledge him to bee the Gouernour of all the world The Pyrrhonists a kinde of Philosophers called Sceptikes that is to say doubters dyd rather suspend theyr iudgment touching the God-head then call it in question Of Heauen Heauen is called of Aristotle the most excelent booke of nature whose longitude is between both the Poles latitude from East to the VVest and altitude from the South to the North. THere are in Heauen three Hierarchies Epiphania Epiphonomia Euphumia Epiphania containeth three orders Seraphins Cherubins Thrones the first of these excelleth in zealous loue the second in knowledge the third in iustice Epiphonomia containeth likewise three orders Principalities Powers Dominations the first teacheth men of lower estate to reuerence their farre betters the next chase away euill spirits comforting theÌ„ that fight in ghostly battel the last informe meÌ„ how to behaue theÌ„selues in spiritual conflicts Isidor Euphumia hath also vnder it three lower orders Vertues Archangels Angels Angels working miracles shewing miracles comforters Saint Denis writeth of three Hierarchies the first aboue heauen of three persons the second in heauen of Angels the third vnder heauen of Prelates The Spheare taken generally containeth all perfect rounde bodies vvhether they be sollid or not vvhether contained vnder one only Superficies or more and so may euery Orbe be called a Spheare perticulerly taken and in his proper signification nothing is a Spheare but a perfect round body being solid contained vnder one Superficies or face in whose middle is a poynt from which all lines that are drawne to the Superficies are equall the one to the other This is deuided into two parts Elementall which containeth the foure Elements Fire Ayre VVater Earth which are subiect to alterations Aethereall that compasseth the â—â—ementall substance in his hollownes being by nature lightsome vnchangeable contâ—ineth tenne Spheares The first and highest is called the first Mooueable containing all the other and by his naturall motion mooueth from the East to the VVest so to the East againe in 24. howres space carrieth by violence all the other Spheares The next is the heauen Christaline vvhich naturally but very slowlie moueth from the East towards the vvest in many yeeres passing but one degree This motion hath caused the starres to alter their longitudes The third is the Firmament of fixed starrs whose motion by nature is vppon
rich crowne of â—old and offer it to Apollo but the common â—reasure being poore the vvomen defaced â—heir Owches and Iewels to make it with all â—or which they had graunted three things to â—eare on their heads garlands of flowers to goe in chariots and openly to the feasts of â—he Gods Theseus asked of the Gods three things good fortune want of inward sorrow such glory as was neither false counterfaite nor â—ained of three other boones which he prayed of Neptune the third was in his fury curâ—ing his sonne Hyppolitus and wishing his violent death which after it was granted he repented him Cicero Demonides hauing crooked feet lost both of his shooes where-vpon he desired God â—hat his shoone might serue his feet that had â—ound them VVhen Alcibiades was condemned by the Athenians they commaunded the religious people of either sexe to curse him which one of them refused to doe saying that they had entered religion not to make vniust but iust prayers Thucydides Sylla Tiberius Caligula and Nero neueâ— could but commaund and kill on the other side Augustus Titus and Traianus could not but pray and pardon in such manner that they ouercame praying as the other fighting The Lacedemonians custome was not to craue any thing of their Gods but what was of importance and consequence saying thaâ— all smal matters were to be obtained by manâ— industry Plinie in an oration he made in the prayse of Traiane commended the custome of the Auntients to make inuocation before the beginning of their work and sayd that there could be no assured nor wise beginning of any enterprise without the especiall ayde and counsaile of God In Athence was a temple dedicated to Mercy which the Athenians kept so well watched and locked that without leaue licence of the Senate none might enter therein in this temple were only the Images of pittiful men and none entered there to pray and doe sacrifice but those that vvere pittifull Macrobius Isocrates prayed God to saue and keepe him from his friends rather then his enemies saying of his enemies he could be wary â—ecause I trust them not so can I not of my â—â—iends because I haue assured confidence 〈◊〉 them Octauius prayed GOD that it might be â—yde that by him the common wealth of â—ome was preserued from all danger and at â—is death to carry with him that hope that 〈◊〉 might remaine many ages in that estate â—e left it Suetonius A poore man craued an almes of the Emâ—erour Maximilian and told him that they â—ame both of one Father to wit Adam and â—o consequently were brethren desiring broâ—herly to deale with him to whom the Emâ—erour gaue a small peece of siluer whereat â—hen he saw the poore man discontented he told him that he ought to take it in good worth saying that if euery one of his breâ—hren would giue him as much he should â—uickly be richer then himselfe Anthony distressed by the King of Parâ—â—ia held vp his hands to heauen saying if aâ—y disdaine of GOD remayned of his forâ—er fortunes hee desired it might fall vpon â—im so the Romaine army might be freed â—nd haue the victory Appian Virginia the daughter of Virginius for that her Father was a Plebeian was forbidden to doe sacrifice with other Romaine matrone in the temple of Chastity wherfore she madâ— a temple of her own house to the Goddesse for which the Senate made her a Patritiaâ— Liuius Claudius defiled the faire matrone Obeâ—â—na as he found her praying in the temple 〈◊〉 Minerua who condemned for sacriledge escaped punishment by bribes Brutus not satisfied in killing Caesar madâ— his prayers vnto Iupiter and the hoast 〈◊〉 heauen to plague Caesar and his posterity VVhen the Cretans were vngently intreated of the Romaines they did not pray 〈◊〉 their Gods to send them pestilence warre and famine or sedition but that they woulâ— suffer new customes manners and fashion to be brought amongst them The praier of old Cato was that the couâ—â— of pleas might bee set with linnes and 〈◊〉 to take the professors of the brawâ—â—â— study of law Plutarch Alexander caused his Horse Bucephalus be buried Augustus his Parrot and Heliogabalus his Sparrow at whose obsequieâ— hee prayed and caused the body to be embalmed Of Vertue The Hebrewes by reason of the tenne Comâ—aundements boasted that they had the cheefest â—od and the summe of all Vertue MArcus Marcellus building a Temple which he called the Temple of Honor 〈◊〉 so place situate the same as none could â—aue any entrance therein except hee came â—â—rough the Temple of Vertue Liuius The Romans did not onely assigne the â—hiefest places to men of vertue but likewise â—ubliquely they gaue them Speares Horse-â—appings and Garlands Tacitus VVhen the Romaine Victors rode in tryâ—mph a slaue sate behind them striking them 〈◊〉 vpon the necke that they shoulde reâ—ember themselues and not be proude and â—hat euery man shoulde hope by vertue to â—ome to the like dignity Plutarch Fabius for his vertues was sirnamed Maxiâ—â—us where before he was called Gurges Alexanders vertues purchased him the sirâ—ame of great Plut. It is recorded of Fabius that it was as hard â—o draw him from his honestie and vertues as the sunne from his course Eutropius Camillus for a disgrace happening to him in Rome was banished into Campania where his vertues and seruice in the vvars oâ— that country succeeded so happily with him that hee returned to Rome not as an offender but in great tryumph No Athenian excelled Alcibiades eytheâ— for vertue or vice Iustinus Socrates made him to weepe for that hee shewed him by liuely reasons that he vvas 〈◊〉 lesse estimation then a base hinde if hee haâ— not vertue and that it behooued him to bâ— sorrowfull The Rhodians and the Lydians had a lawe that those sonnes which followed not they fathers in theyr vertues but liued viciously should be disinherited and theyr lands giue to the most vertuous of that race not admitting any impious heyre vvhat-soeuer Varro For that Artaxerxes Mnemon was a vertuous Prince delighted in peace the succeeding kings of Persia were called by his name Basilius Emperour of Constantinople aâ— his death exhorted Leo his sonne to vertuous actions and not to become slaue to hyâ— owne affections by good lyfe and studie oâ— â—odlines to beautifie his soule shewing himâ—â—lfe the image and Lieuetenant of the Knig 〈◊〉 heauen Theophrastus Demetrius the scholler of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 he had ten yeeres gouerned the state of â—hence hauing in memory of his vertues â—â—ree hundred and threescore statues erected 〈◊〉 Greece yet were they all through enuie â—oken dovvne which when he heard of he 〈◊〉 Though they burne my pictures yet cannot â—â—ey burne the vertuous cause of them Theoprastus Alexander vvilled that the Grecians and Barbarians shoulde no more be disguised by â—â—eyr garments but that the Grecian should be knowne by vertue and the Barbarian by 〈◊〉 accounting all vertuous men Greciâ—ns and all vicious Barbarians Quint. Curâ—â—us Menander King
what sayd Alexander hath he no friends to pleasure seeing all King Darius wealth will not suffice mee to diâ—tribute among my friends Perillus besought him to giue some money towards the mariage of his daughter whereâ—pon he gaue her 50. talents but he said that it was too much by halfe but he replied If â—alfe be enough for thee to take yet it is not enough for me to giue He gaue to a poore Aegiptian asking his â—almes a rich and populous Citty and when the other amazed supposed that he had mocked him take quoth he that which I giue thee for if thou art Bias that demaundest I am Alexander that giueth Titus loued so liberality that remembring one euening with himselfe that he had giuen nothing the same day sayd O my friends wee haue lost this day Dyonisius the elder entering into his sonns lodging and beholding theyr great store of rich Iewels and gold sayde vnto him My Sonne I did not giue thee these riches to vse in this sort but to impart them to thy friends Pertinax who succeeded Commodus surpassed all the Emperours that euer were for exceeding liberality he forbad that his namâ— should be set vpon any Castle within his dominion saying that his lands were not propeâ— to him onely but common to all the people oâ— Rome Suetonius Haniball after he was vanquished by Scipio fled into Asia to King Antiochus who tooke him into his protection and right honorably entertained him Appianus The Germaines are very curteous towards Aliens and Strangers and it is an horrible act accounted amongst them to molest those whom they ought to defend froÌ„ any which intended to hurt them Caesar. The entertainment of the greater Scipio towards Massinissa brought such profit to the Romains as he of some writers is called the third preseruer of the Citty of Rome froÌ„ destruction and therfore is ioyned companion with the elder and younger Scipio Lot for his hospitality escaped the fire o Sodom and Gomorrha Rahab for her hospitality was saued with all hers from death Elias restored from death the Sonne of her which had lodged him Archelaus being requested by one of his Minions to giue him a Cup of gold wherein â—e dranke deliuered it to his page and bidde â—im giue it to Euripides saying Thou art â—orthy to aske and to bee denyed but Euripides worthy of gifts although hee aske not Marcus Antonius Emperour of Rome afâ—er his great battailes in one day gaue avvay hundred Lyons together he made sale of â—ll his plate and iewels to augment his soulâ—iours pay Eutropius The priuiledges belonging to hospitality â—re so great as the Romaines obserued the â—ites thereof to theyr enemies and vvoulde â—euer fight till such time as the prisoners to â—hom they were indebted for meat were set â—t liberty Iupiter was called of Homer and Virgil Hospitalis the Harbourer The Almaines made so great account of those with whom they had eaten and drunk that they imparted their houses vnto them The Lucans had a lawe which condemned that man to be fined which suffered a stranger to passe vnlodged after the sunne vvas downe Scipio being blamed for his great bounty â—unswered That Treasurers receiuers were to make account of mony and Captaines of feats of Armes Valerius Publicola for relieuing the poorâ— with his goods was called Publicola Nerua Cocceius in the one yeere that hee was Emperour gaue vnto the poore fifteene hundred thousand crownes for the dooing whereof he sold his iewels and his plate Tullus Hostilius King of the Romans was so pittifully minded that hee gaue a great part of his goods to the poore Philemon and Baucis for theyr entertayning of Iupiter and Mercurie into their cottage vvhen the inhabitants of Phrygia denied them hospitalitie had theyr wishes granted that they might dye both together Ouid lib. 8. There was a law made by King Cyrus that what King soeuer of Persia did come vnto Babylon he should giue a peece of gold vnto euery poore vvoman in the citty for the which cause King Othus vvoulde neuer come thither Pompey being sicke in Pusoll his Physitions told him that his remedy was to eate of certaine Zorzales that the Consull Lucullus did breede but he aunswered I will rather die then send to craue them for the Gods haue not created Pompey to aske but to giue Plutarch Pompey flying into Egypt for succour to â—tolomy then very young was betrayed â—y Phocinus and Achillas Plut. Othosilanus to winne the loue of his men â—f VVarre made a feast vnto them gaue 〈◊〉 euery warrier a peece of money besides â—â—ndry other rewards Lycaon caused those stranger-guests that â—ame to him to be slaine for which cause Iupiter turned him into a VVolfe Ouid. Busiris did the like and therefore hee vvas â—illed of Hercules Moneses a noble Parthian fled to Anthoâ—ie from his cruell King who comparing his â—isery to Themistocles and his felicitie to Xerxes gaue him three Citties as Xerxes â—id to Themistocles for his bread drinke â—eate and as some write two more for hys â—odging and apparrell Appian Pomponius Atticus vvhen he saw Brutus â—nd Cassius were driuen and expelled out of Rome he sent them 100000. Sextercies as â— friend that ayded them at theyr need when â—thers had forsooke them Gillias a Sicilian of Agrigentum clothed â—he poore fed them bestowed their daughâ—ers in marriage lodged strangers and gaue â—ntertainement to fiue hundred men whom the sea had cast vpon that coast Valerius Buza a noble Lady of Pouile releeued ten thousand Romains which had escaped from the battaile of Cannas Idem Hiero King of Sicile gaue vnto the Romans in tyme of theyr neede thirty thousand quarters of VVheate two hundred of Barly and 250. pound weight of gold Q. Flaminius hauing conquered the Lacedemonians discharged them of all tallages and impositions contrary to the manner of other conquerers vvho are wont to lay burdens vpon the backs of them whom they had conquered Alexander was reputed the most bountiful and liberall of all Princes who gaue to none but to Phylosophers men of vvarre and Counsellers One day a Iugler by his subtile sleight threwe a dry pease a great way through the eie of a needle hoping to haue some reward but the King making no reckoning of him commaunded one to giue him a bushell of those pease to practise his feates withall Alexander gaue his Treasurer charge to gyue to Anaxarchus the Phylosopher whatsoeuer he asked and when hee had asked aâ— hundred talents the Treasurer astonished â—hereat told Alexander who answered That Anaxarchus knewe well enough that hee had a friend that both could would bestow so much vpon him Caesar gaue a great summe of money to eâ—erâ— souldiour of the old bands Bellisarius vvas beloued of his followers for his liberality because hee gaue them horse armor vvhensoeuer they had lost them so it were not through theyr owne negligence P. Diaconus Vitellius contrary to Caligula neuer denyed any man his request Scipio dyed poore
in singing to auoyde tediousnes and to driue avvay the time August This Athanasius forbadde to auoyde vanities S. Augustine was indifferent and it repented him because hee had sometimes fallen by giuing more attentiue heed vnto the measures and chordes of musicke then the words which were vnder them spoken for that measure singing were brought in for words sake and not words for musick In the East parts the holy assemblies euen from the beginning vsed singing P. Mart. Architas inuented a certaine musicall instrument to stay the running wits of chyldren Pausa The Grecians learned to daunce of Castor and Pollux and vsed to dispatch theyr busines dauncing The Sirians before they met their enemies vsed to sing and daunce Plut. The Romaine Priests called Salij vsed to daunce in honour of Mars Diodorus a cunning Musition beeing sent for by the harlot Lamia refused to goe yet Demetrius hauing his Armor on the badge of a vvarriour and his Diademe the cognizaunce of a King was not ashamed to goe to her house Aelianus The Phylosophers called Peripateticks condemned musick in vvemen saying that betweene it and chastitie there could be smal agreement Niphus Euripides is commended for reprehending such as vse the Harpe at feasts for sayth hee Musicke ought rather to bee sent for vvhen men are angry or mourne then vvhen they are feasting and making merry thereby to make thē giue more liberty to pleasure then before A Musition by the onely vertue of the Dorian tune preserued the chastitie of Clytemnestra the vvife of Agamemnon from the assaults of Aegisthus who to bee reuenged slew the Musition Dionysius commaunded that all his seruants should daunce in purple roabes which Plato would not doe saying I will not put on a womans garments But Aristippus did and when he began to daunce sayde In dronken feates the sober offend not Laert. Diogenes reprooued Musitions because they tooke great care that their instruments shoulde agree and neglected theyr manners Neanthus handled the Harpe of Orpheus whereon expecting the trees to daunce hee did by his confused iangling thereon cause the dogs to barke at him Epaminondas to auoyde the shame of ignorance in musicke learned to play vppon diuers instruments Cicero Nero the same night which vvas the last of his lyfe among the complaints which instant death feare and sorrowe did minister thys onely thing he most bewailed that so famous a Musition as himselfe should perrish from the world Tacitus A boy in Athence taking into his hand the instrument of an excellent Musition vvho was hired to teach him and putting it to his mouth and straining his breath vvhereby his cheekes began to swell perceiuing thereby the deformitie of his countenaunce presentlie brake the pype and disdainefully flung it away Petrarch Socrates vvhen he vvas old gaue his mind to musicke and dauncing Appian Scipio ordinarily vsed to mooue his tryumphant and martiall body after the tyme and measure of musicall instruments not vvantonly mincing with his feete but after a manly sort vvhich hee sayde shoulde no vvaies disparage him if his enemies did behold him Bacchus instructed the people of East India to honour the heauens and the seauen Planets by diuers kindes of daunces Diodorus Ganimede Hebe the nine Muses greatlie pleased Iupiter with theyr dauncing Orpheus King Dauid to shewe his cheerefull hart for the returne of the Arke of God daunced before it The dauncing of Herods daughter vvas the cause of Iohn Baptists death Progne in a daunce did finde opportunitie to murder her sonne Itis Ouid. The Ethiopians vsed songs of diuers tunes and dauncing before they went to battaile Pausanias Timotheus the noble Musition demaunded alway a greater reward of them vvhom other taught then of them that neuer learned any thing before Quintil. Gelo a Tyrant of Sicilie when by horrible oppression of his people he had brought him selfe into a generall hatred prohibited that no man or woman shoulde speake to each other for feare of conspiracies but in stedde of vvords they should vse in theyr necessarie affaires countenaunces tokens and moouings with their feete hands and eyes which for necessitie first vsed at the last grewe to a perfect and delectable dauncing but he was slaine of them for his cruelty Homer among the great benefits that god giueth to man reciteth dauncing One daunced before Demetrius the Tyrant and in his gestures and motions showed the aduoutry of Mars and Venus and their discouery by Phoebus vvith Vulcans intrapping them vvhere-with contrary to his sullen disposition he forced him to laugh and cry out saying O man I doe not onely see but also heare what thou doost and it seemeth to mee that thou speakest with thy hands The same daunced before Nero in the presence of a strange King which vnderstoode no other language but his own country who by his daūcing made the king to vnderstand vvhat was sayde and at his departure Nero bid him aske what he would and hee should haue it Sir said he lend mee this young man that by his motions I may vnderstand the language of my confines and neighbors The maiestie of Princes in olde time vvas shewed in the daunce named Eumelia belonged to Tragedies dissolute countenaunces in that which was called Cordax and pertained to Comedies wherin men of base behauiour onely daunced The forme of fighting in Armor was expressed in a daunce called Enophe Hormus was a kinde of Daunce vvherein daunced both men and maydes the man expressing in his motion and countenaunce strength and courage apt for the warres the mayde modestie and shamefastnesse which represented a pleasant coniunction of fortitude and temperance Lampridius Augustus in the presence of many men plaied on an instrument A poore man standing by with other and beholding the Emperour sayde with a loude voyce to his fellow Scest thou not howe this voluptuous Leachor tempereth all the world with his little finger VVhich words hee wisely noted and during his life hee euer after refrained hys hands from any such lightnes in open assemblies Alexander when hee had vanquished Ilion where Troy stoode being demaunded if he woulde see the Harpe of Paris who rauished Helen gently smiling hee aunswered I had rather see the harpe of Achilles wherevnto hee did sing not the illecebrous sports of loue but the valiant acts of noble Princes Lisander softned the walls of Athence and burned their ships by sound of Flutes S. Augustine rather liked the maid or wife that soweth vpon the Saboth day then hee that daunced August The Archbishop of Magdeburgh brake his necke in dauncing Mar. Hist. The Tyrrhenes first founde the Trumpet which they afterward vsed in battell to feare theyr enemies and encourage their friends likewise at solemne feastes that they might thereby assemble the people together and to proclaime the comming of the Iubilie in the beginning of the newe Moone crying ioy and rest to all men Isodore Buccina was a kinde of Trumpet made of horne of woode or brasse which the vvild Panims vsed to
according to the laws who had hardly escaped iudgement if he had not gotten three children by her Idem Albinus obtained his purpose of the Emperour Adrian for none other desert of his but that hee had begotten an house full of children Eutropius Lycurgus made a law that they which maried not should be kept in Sommer from the sight of Stage playes and other showes and in VVinter they should go naked about the market place confessing that they had iustly deserued that punishment because they liued not according to the lawes The Greekes punished the breach of matrimony with ten yeares wars Homer Among the Hebrewes if a thiefe restored foure times the value of that he tooke away he was acquitted but an adulterers offence was punished with death It was also lawfull among them to kill the adulterer Among the Hebrewes and the Persians he was most commended that had most wiues as though the Cuntry were most beholding to him that encreased the same with the gretest number of children Tib. Gracchus finding two Serpents in his chamber inquired the meaning thereof by a South-sayer that if he slew the male first hee should dye before his wife but if the female his wife before him but louing his wife derely he killed the male and dyed shortly after Valerius Orpheus wife Euridice dying vppon her wedding day he kept his loue inuiolable and would neuer set it vpon any other Ninus King of the Assirians falling in loue with Semeramis the wife of Menon his vassal requested that hee might haue her to wife and he should haue his daughter in mariage but Menon loued her so well that hee would not yeeld thereto the King enraged caused his eyes to be pulled out tooke her away by force Menon for griefe hanged him selfe M. Lepidus being driuen into banishment hearing that his wife was maried to another dyed for griefe VVhen word was brought to Plautius Numidius a Romaine Senator that his wife was dead he stabbed him selfe Silanus after Nero had tooke his wife from him slew him selfe Domitius Catalusius Prince of Lesbos loued his wife so well that althogh she grew leprous he neuer forbad her his bord or bed Hector when he saw Troy burning was not so much greeued for his Parents his brethren nay his selfe as for Andromache his wife Homer Antonius Pius loued his wife Faustine so wel that when she died he caused her picture to be made to be set vp before his face in his bed chamber that he alwayes might remember her M. Plancius sailing with his wife into Asia in the midst of his great glory for that his wife died stabbed himselfe with his dagger saying two bodies shall possesse one graue Antimachus a Poet bewailed the death of his wife in mournfull Elegies Pericles being at Athence was found kissing of his wife at Athence being from Athence hee was found more sad to depart from his vvife then vvilling to dye for his Country Orpheus loued his wife so well that hee went to hell redeemed her from thence but through too much loue looking backe he lost her againe Ouid. Alcestes a Q. of Thessalie at what time K. Admetus should die hauing by an Oracle giuen an aunswer that if any would die for the King he should liue which when all refused his vvife offered her selfe to saue her husbands life Iulia Pompeius wife seeing him come sore wounded from the field supposing that hee was slaine beeing great with child trauailed straight and dyed Paulina the wife of Seneca when shee had heard of the death of her husband enquiring the manner of it she killed her selfe Ipsicratea the wife of Mithridates followed him lyke a Lacky in the warres vnknown to him desirous rather to bewitch him then liue a Queene in Pontus Aemilia the wife of Affricanus perceauing her husband to be in loue vvith one of her maydes and oftentimes to vse the mayde as her selfe neuer hated the mayd nor told her husband therof and when he was dead shee maried her wealthily in Rome Triara when shee knew by letters that her husband Vitellius was enuironed of his enemies she rushed into the campe and pressed to her husband ready to die with him Laodamia loued her husband so well that when she heard that Protesilaus was slaine onely desired that she might see his shadow which when shee saw and offering to embrace dyed presently Valeria a Romaine Lady sayde that her husband dyed for others but liued to her for euer Sulpitia being carefully restrained by her mother Iulia frō seeking her husband Lentulus in Sicilia whether he was banished she went thither apparailed like a Page Hipparchia a very faire and rich woman so much loued the Phylosopher Crates who was hard fauoured and poore that she maried him against all her friends minds The King of Persia hauing taken prisoner the wife of Pandanns and killed him would haue maried her but she slew her selfe vttering these words GOD forbid that to bee a Queene I should euer wed him that hath beene the murderer of my deere husband Fuluia the wife of Anthony not bearing his vnkindnes in leauing her sicke and not bidding her farewell dyed for sorrow Appian Phaethusa the wife of Pytheus thought so earnestly vpon her husbands absence that at his returne she had a beard growne vpon her chinne Hier. Merc. Melanthus sayde of Grogias the most eloquent Oratour that he laboured to exhort men to concord yet could he not quiet his wife and therefore held it great presumption to perswade others to that which hee could not procure himselfe in his owne priuate family Amongst the Romaines if any discention happened betweene the husband the wife the Parents of both parties met in a temple consecrated to the Goddesse Viriplica and there tooke notice of their griefes and also reconciled them Vlisses albeit Penelope were both faire chast would neuer trust her vntill the very extreamity Homer In Florence euen at this day he that is Father of twelue children male or female presently vpon the birth of the twelueth is free and exempt from all taxe impost loane or Subsidy Volateranus Adrian of all the Emperors the most learned in the Mathematiques Greeke tong vpon the confiscation of any mans goods attainted and conuicted hearing that hee had children vvould restore the goods of the condemned Fathers vnto them Eutropius The Arabians Grecians and Italians did vsually keepe theyr vvyues shut vp in theyr houses almost as prisoners and now likewise the Turks Antonius Geff. In Gascoine the wiues are in no subiection at all but gad vp and downe at theyr pleasures like antient Amazons Gilb. Graap Isis Queene of Aegipt made a law that vppon the marriage day the husband should take a solemne oath betvveene his vvyues hands that hee should not meddle with any houshold affaires and the wife likewise betweene her husbands hands that shee should neuer entermedle with any forraine affaires or businesses Diodorus The wiues of Sparta were reported in
abused by her drunken Father knowing by his Ring shee tooke of from his finger that it was hee shee killed him at the Altar Plut. Of Sorrow This vexation of mind and sicknes of the bodie is a perturbation altogether contrarie to pleasure from whence doth spring repentance sadnesse freating lamentation carefulnes affliction mourning and desperation this is the last of the perturbations of the minde beeing in number foure A Certaine Nun vvas mother to P. Lombardus maister of the sentences Gratianus who when shee sawe them such notable men sayd she could not repent to whom her Confessor said Only sorrow because thou canst not sorrow P. Mar. The Iewes thought Ecclesiastes to bee Salomons repentance Idem Origen repenting himselfe being sorrie for that hee did in his adolescencie sayde I expounded the Prophet Abdias allegoricallie whose history I vnderstoode not Aeschines the Orator being as he was alwayes sicke did neuer complaine of the Spleene that did grieue him on the other part he did much lament for any sorow that otherwise happened vnto him Plutarch Telemachus helde this his greatest griefe that Iupiter had ended the race of his Father in him not giuing him a brother Homer King Xerxes when he saw that Ochus lay in waite for his brethren to put theÌ„ to death died for griefe thereof Plantius the Numidian looking vpon hys dead wife tooke such griefe to his hart that casting himselfe vpon the dead body he rose no more but was stifled vvith sorrow Diodorus the Logitian dyed for sorrovve because he was not able to aunswer the questions of Stilpo Laertius M. Coriolanus being banished Rome became enemy to her but his mother Veturia comming vnto him vpbraiding him with his fault he found his error layd dovvne his armes went out of the field and dyed vvith greefe of minde Liuius Homer dyed with suddaine sorrovve because he could not aunswer a question which a Fisherman propounded vnto him Plu. The Romaine Matrons bewailed the death of Brutus one whole yeere as a cheefe defender of theyr chastities Eutrop. Torquatus the younger being banished froÌ„ his Fathers house for greefe thereof slevve himselfe There was great contention betweene Sophocles and Aeschilus about versifying in which by the iudgement of those that were present Sophocles was preâ—erred vvhich Aeschilus tooke so greeuously that he fledde forthwith into Sicilia where hee lyued obscuâ—ely and in the end died miserably The lyke is written of Calchas a Soothsayer at his returne from Troy being ouercom of Mopsus one of his owne profession Homer Niceratus for that Antimachus verses vvritten in the prayse of Lisander vvere by him more esteemed then his although by iudgement of the learned Niceratus were better hee was so greeued that hee forsooke his studies but Plato by counsell turned his minde and of a dissolute made him a diligent studient in Poetry Themistocles mother for very griefe conceiued that her sonne in his youth vvas gyuen to all kinde of vvickednesse hanged her selfe P. Rutilius vvhen hee heard that his Brother desiring to be made a Consul in Rome had taken the repulse for very angush of minde dyed By the lawes of the twelue tables of Rome all sorrovve and vveeping at funeralls vvas forbidden Lepidus by a long griefe conceiued of the misbehauiour of his vvife shortned his own dayes Dioxippus before Alexander onely vvith a club challenged Corrhagus beeing all armed to enter combat with him vvhen â—ee had smitten Corrhagus speare out of his hand hee closed vvith him and laying fast hold vpon his armour hee threw him down then sette his foote vpon his necke and gored him through the body with his svvord for vvhich acte Alexander hated him whervpon Dioxippus tooke inward thought gaue such scope vnto inward force of fantasie that hee pyned and consumed away with griefe of minde Timanthes when hee had finished the picture of Iphigenia in colours set foorth Calchas to bee sorrowfull for the same but Vlisses more sad and to make her Father Agamemnon seeme most sorrowfull he painted him with his face couered The Poets faine Prometheus to bee tyed vpon the top of the Mountaine Caucasus an Eagle to be gnawing of his hart whereby they signifie no other thing but the great sadnes of Prometheus gotten by contemplating the starres and Planets The poesie of the Pythagorians vvas The hart should not be eaten Caesar neuer feared Anthony Dolobella or any other that was of a merry countenaunce but rather doubted sadde mellancholie persons such as Brutus and Cassius vvas Crassus was called Gelastos for that he was once seene to laugh in his life Anaxagoras Clazomenius vvas noted that hee neuer was seene to laugh or smyle from the day of his byrth Aristoxenus did vvonderfully bridle himselfe from laughter Heraclitus was at such defiance with mirth that hee wept continually and Democritus alwaies laughed Laertius Bibuâ—us hearing of the death of both hys children in one day lamented their losse that one day and no more Anaxagoras hearing tell that his sonne was dead aunswered It is no meruaile for I begot a mortall body P. Varro remained so sorrowful in his hart to see himselfe ouercome of his enemies his vvife suddainely dead that all the time he after liued he neither combed his head slept in bed nor dined at the table Liuius The Romaines were so sorrowfull for the death of Augustus Caesar that they vvished hee had neuer beene borne or being borne neuer dyed Eutropius Of Lying This contrary to truth nature maketh that seeme very good which is euill and causeth the tongue to become a member of iniustice when it vttereth more or lesse then is indeed vnder this vice are contained Deceipt Dissimulation Crâ—â—t Hipocrisie Idolatry and cousenage THrough a lye Ioseph was cast into pryson and Saint Chrisostome sent into banishment The Egyptians ordained death to lyers so dyd the Scythians and Garamantes The Persians and Indians depriued him of all honour and farther speech which lyed The Gymnosophists and Chaldeans barred lyers all companies and dignities and condemned them to remaine in perpetuall darknes without speaking The very wormes did eate the tongue of the cousoner Nestorius in his lyfe time Nicephorus Popiel King of Poland had euer this wishe in his mouth If it be not true I would the Rats might eate mee vvhich came to passe for he was so assayled by theÌ„ at a banquet that neyther his guards nor fire nor water could defend him from them Munster Some write that an Archbishop of Magunce died the lyke death The Emperor Traiane sirnamed the good Prince tooke away from the sonne of Cebaâ—us the kingdom of Dacia which we terme at this day Transiluania and Valachia onely because he caught him in a lye and â—old him that Rome could not permit a lyer to possesse a kingdome After that one had reade vnto Alexander the great History out of Aristobulus wherin he had intermingled certaine counterfaite prayses he â—â—ong the booke into the Ryuer saying The writer
peece of plate which they had craftily hid in some things about him for the which he was cast downe from a rocke Plut. Lucius Crassus wone himselfe great praise by a noble glorious accusation Cicero An accusation brought Publius Suâ—pitius eloquence to light when into iudgement he called the seditious and vnprofitable Cittizen C. Norbanus The Lidians had a law that as they sent the condemned murderers to row in the Gallies so they confined those that were detracters and ill tongued men into a secret place farre of from all company the space of halfe a yeare Plut. Tiberius the Emperor condemned a great talker and rayler of his tongue commanded that he should not speake a word the space of a yeare Aristophanes was accused by the Athenians 95. times euer acquitted Narsetes that valiant Generall by false and slaunderous accusations was by Iustine the Emperour depriued of his charge P. Diaconus Theodoricus King of the Goaths in his rage through a forged accusation executed Boetius Symmachus shortly after he was serued at the table with the head of a fish which seemed to him to be the same of Symmachus looking a squint vppon him with which conceit he fell sicke and dyed Olaus Thrasibulus King of the Iewes tooke such a conceite in that he had slaine his brother without hearing his excuse that he died the like befell to Aristobulus for murthering his brother Antiochus who vomited vp his blood in the place where his brothers was spilt and in remorse of conscience dyed Iosephus They which accused Socrates not being able any longer to abide the publique hate strangled themselues Mary of Aragon accused an Earle before the Emperour Otho her husband saying that he would haue defiled her and he was beheaded but the truth being afterwards discouered she was publiquely burned Nicephorus vvriteth the lyke of Constantine the great Leo the Emperour vpon a false accusation condemned Michaell to death which execution being a while deferred the Emperor dyed and Michaell was chosen in his sted Mathias the Sonne of Huniades was charged of ill behauing himselfe towards Ladislaus King of Boheme and Hungary and as he was ready to be condemned his eldest brother hauing been before executed vpon enuy and false information the sayd Ladislaus minding to marry Margaret daughter to Charles the 7 dyed sodainly and Mathias was chosen King of Hungary Loncerus Of Flattery This poyson of mans sences and vnderstanding hath no other scope in the world but deceit selfe-loue and ouerweening of ones selfe yeelneth this large field cleane taking away right iudgement and is blind in regard of what it loueth the feeders of this humour are more dangerous then Rauens for they doe but deuoure the bodies of the dead slatterers of the liuing PHillip sirnamed Gods gift and Constantine banished flatterers froÌ„ their courts And at Athence they were put to death as the very ruine and plague of Princes Dion attributeth the hatred vvhich vvas conceiued against Iulius Caesar his death to flatterers Dyonisius of Syracuse sent Philoxenus the Poet to the galowes with those that were condemned to die because heee vvould not flatter him The Thessalians cleane rased a Citty of the Melians because it was named flattery Atheneus The Athenians put Tymagoras to death because to insinuate with Darius he saluted after the Persian manner Agrippa Alexander the great and Alphonsus King of Arragon hauing each of them somewhat awry necke the one of them by nature the other by custome the flatterers and courtiers that attended them helde their necks on the one side to 〈…〉 theyr imperperfections Clisiphus was called the couÌ„terfait of King Phillip because when the king was merry he was merry and whatsoeuer the King tooke in hand this flatterer would maintaine Aristippus coulde better please Dionisius with flattery then Dion the Syracusian could pleasure him with truth Curio the Parasite might perswade Caesar to doe any thing One subtile flattering SinoÌ„ did that which tenne yeeres siege could not effect namely the destruction of Troy Virgil. Dionisius sent vnto Philoxenes the Poet a Tragedy of his owne making that hee might reade and correct it which hee returned all blotted and rased from the beginning to the end because hee found it in no respect vvorthy to be published so farre vvas hee from flattering him Augustus so hated flattery that hee could not abide the kneeling of his housholde seruaunts Tiberius woulde not suffer his seruaunts to call him Lord. Alexander when his Parasites perswaded him to thinke himselfe a God sayd That by two things especially he knew himselfe to be a man and no God namely by sleepe and carnall motions Plutarch In the hindermost part of Spaine vvhen those of Siuill had war vvith the Gaditanes it chanced that euen in the midst of the time those of Siuill vvanted mony and two Parasites offered themselues for two yeeres to sustaine the vvarres vvith their own proper charges Aurelius The Emperour Aurelius neuer dranke other then red vvine vvhich Torquatus perceiuing refrained from drinking of VVhitevvine and planted all his Vines vvith redde Grapes for vvhich he made him Consul of Rome Gueuara The Emperour Sigismond strooke one that praysed him too much saying that hee bitte him The flattering followers of Sylla sette vp his image of gold on horse-back in the common pallace at Rome vvith this title Cornelius Sylla the happy Captaine which name beginning of flattery remained firme and stable Appian Antigonus sayde vnto a Poet vvho called him a God therby noting his flattery that the Groome of his stoole knewe there was no such matter Aristotles auditors couÌ„terfeited his stamering Alexanders followers his double chinne shrilnes of speech the schollers of Ennius his drunkennesse Flatterers as the Italians say trauaile betweene Lodi and Placentia but neuer come at Verona Aristippus suing to Dionisius for a friende of his and beeing once denied fell downe before his feete for the which hee was reproâ—ued but he thus excused it saying I am not in the faulte but Dionisius who hath eares on his feete VVhen the flatterers of Dionisius perceiued that hee held Plato in great estimation they then counterfaited the countenaunce and habite of Philosophers but after that by theyr meanes Plato was expelled they returned to theyr former wicked course of lyuing Plut. Platoes schollers for asmuch as theyr Maister had a broade breast and high shoulders and vvas therefore named Plato which signifieth broade they stuffed theyr garments and vvore vppon theyr shoulders great bolsters to the end they might seeme to bee of the like forme that he vvas Carneades the Phylosopher sayde that the sonnes of noble men learned nothing vvell but to ride for whilst they learned letters theyr Maisters flattered them praysing euery word they spake and in vvrastling theyr Teachers companions submitting themselues fell downe at theyr feete but the horse not knovving who rideth him if he sitte not surely will cast him quickly Laertius Alexander sayd that he loued better the
him said an Anker was a token of safety and not of delay vvhereupon Seleucus euer after vsed an Anker in his signet Alexander returned from India to Babilon sayling in the â—ends a suddaine vvind did blow of his diadem into a place of reeds in which stoode the sepulchre of an ancient King which was held to be a token of his death Of Maiestie The fountaine of all excellent manners 〈◊〉 Maiestie being the whole proportion and figuâ—â— of noble estate and properly a beauty or comlinesse in the countenaunce language gestureâ— which doth cast vpon the beholders bearers a fearefull reuerence THere was in the Emperour Augustus â— natiue maiestie for from his eyes issued raies or beames which pierced the eyes oâ— the beholders Sueto The Frenchman that came to kill Marius when he saw his countenance ran from him crying that he had no power to kil him App VVhen Vlisses ship and men had suffereâ—â— shipwrack and he hardly escaped being caâ—â— all naked vppon the coast of the Pheacaes the Kings daughter sent him a mantle vvho comming to the King presented such a wonâ—derful maiestie in his lookes and speech thaâ— Alcinous vvished Vlisses woulde take his daughter Nausicaa to wife Homer The people wondering at his maiesty honoured him with sundry presents at theyâ— owne charges conueied him to Ithaca Scipio beeing in his manour place called Linternum diuers notorious theeues Pyâ—ats came onely to see his person of vvhose â—ame they had heard so large reports but he not knowing this theyr intent armed hymselfe to make defence vvhich the Captaine perceiuing dispatched his followers layâ—ng downe his vveapons said That they came not as enemies but wondering at his vertue and valour vvhervpon Scipio entertained theÌ„ Calphurnius Crassus conspiring vvith others the death of Nerua he knowing thereof placed them next to him at a publique show and not fearing danger being strengthened with a great mind gaue them swords ready drawne and asked them whether they vvere sharpe enough who taking the swords in their hands had no power to hurt him At the beginning wheÌ„ the multitude of people were oppressed by them that abounded in possessions riches they espying some one which excelled in vertue and fortitude repaired to him who ministing equity when hee had defended the poore froÌ„ iniurie retained together the greater persons with the inferiour in an equall and indifferent order wherfore they called that man a king which is to say a Ruler Belus the sonne of Nemrod vvas the firâ—â— King in the vvorld The auncient Egiptians called theyr kingâ— Epiphanes and had this custome that they should enter the Temple barefooted and because one of them came to the Church otherwise he vvas deposed and that name oâ— dignitie ceased They likewise called theyr Kinges Pharaones the Bithinians Ptolomaei the Latines Murani the Parthians Arsacides the Albanes Syluij the Sicilians Tyrants the Argiues Kings Nabuchad-nezzar intiteled himselfe King of Kings Alexander king of the world Demetrius conquerer of Citties Mithridates restorer of the vvorld Attyla the vvhyp of Nations Tamberlaine the scourge of God Dyonisius the hoast of men Cyrus the last of the Gods Henry the eyght king of England defender of the fayth Charles King of Fraunce the most christian king Alphonso King of Spayne the Catholicke king Thys Alphonso dyd first begin to make Bishops houses ioyning to the Cathedral Churches to the end that neyther colde in VVinter nor heate in Sommer might hinder their residencie In the Country of the Sydonians there vvas Dynastia which vvas called a linage of Kings that endured two hundred twentie fiue yeeres because all those Kings were of a good and vertuous conuersation The authority of Kings hath euer been accounted a thing diuine for Homer and Isocrates write that hee who gouerneth alone representeth a diuine maiestie In Egypt of Phylosophers they did chuse theyr Priests and of Priests their Kings with whom it was a law inuiolable that the King which had beene vvicked in his life shoulde not be buried after his death In the Ile Tabrobana kinges are chosen by election and not by blood Solinus Syllas dictatorship vvas called a negatiue ordained kingdom Appian The olde Romaine Kinges did vveare no crownes but held scepters in their hands of the vvhich Tarquinius was the last for that his sonne rauished Lucrecia the vvife of Collatinus Iustinus Plato following the fiction of Homer dyd write that kings children vvere composed of a precious masse to be seperated from the common sort Homer named kings Diogenes that is the generation of Iupiter and Diotrophes nourished by Iupiter and Aristes which Plato interpreteth to be the familiars of Iupiter and his disciples in politicke sciences The Kings of Persia in their priuie Chambers dispatched their greater matters themselues and left those of lesse consequence to their Princes It vvas a custome amongst the auncienâ— kings to put questions one to another to try the abilitie of theyr wits and certaine praiseâ— rewards were appointed to them that excelled Plutarch Salomon sent riddles problemes to king Hiram vvhom it cost very much because he could not assoile them vntill at length hee founde a young man of Tyrus called Abaâ—mon vvho deciphered vnto him the mosâ— part of them Dion The Kings of Persia shewed themselues more subiect to lawes then thir lords Zonaâ— The Kings of Lacedemonia did monthly sweare to guide themselues according to the Lavves and the Ephori tooke an oath in the behalfe of the people to see it executed Antiochus told his sonne Demetrius that their kingdome vvas a noble slauery There vvas foure Kings Princes which â—ad but one eye a peece Philip Alexanders â—ather Antigonus king of Macedonia Haâ—iball of Carthage and Sertorius a Romain The first lost his eye at Methon the second â—t Perinthia the third vpon the Alpes the â—ourth in Pontus Plutarch Alphonsus vvas the first king of Lusitania the sonne of Henry Loraine and Tiretia the â—ase daughter of Alphonsus king of Castile â—n one battaile he ouercame 5. princes of the Sarazines and therefore in his shielde bare 5. seuerall coates of honour Cor. Agrippa Pharamond sirnamed VVarmond vvas the first King of Fraunce vvho came out of Germanie hee bare in his shielde three blacke Toades Of Monarchies A Monarchie most significatly representeth the diuine regiment wherin absolute soueraigntie consisteth in one onely Prince who commaundeth all and is not to be commaunded of any THE latter Romaines had a Duarchie vvhich is comprehended vnder the gouernment Oligarchie their Empire was deuided into two partes the one Emperour of the East the other of the VVest Eutrop. Aristocratie is the rule or power of the best and most vertuous men approued for good lyfe and vvisedome directing their thoughts to no other end then a generall profit Oligarchie is wheÌ„ a fevv noble or rich men gouerne the Common-wealth reiecting the poore and baser sort Timocratie is the power of meane or indifferent vvealth gouerning by some
his subiects vvith exactions dyed when he had raigned 18. yeres Antonius Comodus defamed himselfe by his wicked life and died suddainly raigning twelue yeeres 8. months Pertinax was very olde when hee was chosen and hauing raigned but 80. daies he was slaine in an vproare which sell among the gard by the meanes of Iulian. Didicus Iulianus bought the Empire vvith mony hee was a noble man expert in the lawes he was ouercom by Seuerus slaine in his pallace raigning 7. months Seuerus the only Emperour created forth of Affrique he was very couetous by nature cruell hee subdued Brittaine deceased at Yorke raigning 18. yeres Antoninus killed his brother Geta in hys mothers presence hee founded the Baths at Rome was much giuen to lust he espoused his mother in law Iuba and was slaine of Macrinus when he had raigned 6. yeeres Opilius Macrinus Diadumenus hys son succeeded were both slaine in a sedition raigning but one yeere 2. months Heliogabalus vvas a most dissolute wicked Emperour the base sonne of Antoninus he vvith his mother Semiamira were drawn vvith all spight through the Citty of Rome their bodies were torne in peeces cast into Tiber he raigned sixe yeeres Alexander Seuerus beeing but 17. yeeres old was chosen Emperour hee was a very vertuous Prince and the first Emperor that fauoured the Christians hee vvas slaine in Fraunce in a tumult that arose among the souldiours by the meanes of Maximinus in the thirteene yeere of his raigne Maximinus vvas first a Sheephearde in Thracia and afterward became a souldiour hee vvas the first that aspired to the Empyre by meanes of souldiours only he was slaine by Pupienus at Aquileia when he had raigned three yeeres Three at once bare the name of Augustus Pupienus Balbinus and Gordianus the the first two so soone as they came to Rome were slaine in the pallace Gordianus raigned alone he was come of a noble progeny and when he had raigned sixe yeeres he vvas slaine by the treason of Phillip who succeeded him Philip was the first Emperour that proâ—essed the Christian saith hee was slaine by Decius when he had raigned 5. yeares Decius made an act that all that worshipped Christ should be slaine both he and his â—onne were slaine in Barbary after they had â—aigned 2. yeares some write he was swallowed vp in an earthquake Virius Gallus and Volusianus his sonne â—aigned together then Emilianus attempted new conspiracies in Moesia and when they both went to subdue him they were slaine at â—teramna not raigning full out two yeares â—hey persecuted the Christians Aemilianus as hee was descended of base stock so was the time of his Empire obscure and without fame when he had raigned 3 moneths he was slaine Valerianus raigned 6. yeres he was discomfited taken prisoner by Sapores King of Persia who wheÌ„ he would take his horse he made Valerianus lie on the ground that hee might tred on him while he got on horsback he was slaine at Millaine ruled 6. yeares Galienus was lerned but giuen to great excesse dronkennes he was slaine likewise at Millaine hauing raigned with his Father 6. yeares and 9. after him Flauius Claudius a vertuous Prince sober and a maintayner of iustice within two yerâ— after he began his raigne sickned and dyed he ouercame the Gothes the Germaines restored Aegipt to the Empire Quintilius semblable as vertuous as hiâ— brother by the assent of the Senat was made Augustus and was slaine within 17. dayes after he began his raigne Aurelianus was borne in Denmark a stout man in war but cruell he was slaine through the treason of his owne seruants when he had raigned 5. yeres 6. moneths he was the first that wore a crowne imperial robes of gold and pearle which before were strange to the Romaines Tacitus a man of exceeding good conditions dyed within 6. moneths after his enterance Florianus raigned 2. moneths 20. daies he dyed by incision of his owne vaines did nothing worthy of memory Probus a man well expert in warfare a stout and iust man was slaine in an vproare which grew among the Souldiours when he had raigned 6. yeares 3. moneths Carus made his sonnes Carasius Numirianus Emperour with him Numirianus was vertuous and Carasius as wicked as Nero they raigned 2. yeares Carus was slaine with lightning and Numerianus by treason and Carasius by his owne companie Dioclesian was of ripe wisedome and garnished with many vertues yet a great persecutour of the Christians Maximinianus was associated to him in the Empire the first raigned 20. yeres they both left the Empire and liued priuatly Dioclesian slew himselfe for feare of Licinius Constantinus Maximinianus was slaine of Constantius his brother in law Constantius and Galerius sirnamed Armenius for that he somtimes kept beasts raigned 4. yers with great praise CoÌ„stantius died in England and Galerius killed himselfe Constantinus as some write was the first Emperor that professed the name of Christ he bulded CoÌ„stantinople in that place which was called Bizantium he was a vertuous godly Prince he raigned 30. yeares Three Emperours and Caesars raigned at once Constantinus in Fraunce Spaine and Germany Constantius in the East Constans in Italy The first was slaine when hee had raigned 3. yeares the second was killed by Magnentius wheÌ„ he had raigned 13 yeres and Constans died when he had ruled 39. Iulianus the Apostata raigned 3. yeares he was a great persecutor of the Christians whâ— he was deadly wounded and lay vppon the ground he threw his blood to heauen-ward saying Vicisti Gallilaee Iouinianus was a very good Prince and fauorer of the Gospel he instituted that titheâ— should be paid he died sodainly when he had raigned 7 moneths Valentianus Valens raigned foureteene yeres they were both Christians Valens was slaine by the Gothes and Valentianus dyed by an extreame bleeding Gratianus raigned sixe yeares hee was a true maintainer of religion and learned hee made Theodosius partner with him and was slaine in Fraunce by his Gouernour Maximus Theodosius raigned after him eleauen yeares hee was a Spaniard and a godly and vertuous Prince restoring the peace to the Church whose death Saint Ambrose bewailed and writ thus of him That hee was more carefull for the estate of the Church thaâ— to preuent his owne dangers Arcadius raigned with his brother Honorius the one in the East 15 yeares the other in the VVest 29 yeres and dyed Theodosius the 2 sonne of Arcadius ruled â—t Constantinople 42. yeares he was a most vertuous Prince and chose Valentinian as â—hen a child to raigne with him he dyed of â—he pestilence Valentinianus was slaine by a Souldiour hired of one Maximus to that end for that he had forced his wife he raigned fiue and twenty yeares Martianus after he had gouerned the Empire 7 yeares was poysoned at Constantinople by the treasons of Ardibure and Aspar hys Father beeing a vertuous and iust Prince Leo the first ruled 17 yeares
and a great deale more beeing now so farre from acknowledging an Emperour that they haue made the Emperour and Gouernours beholding to them The Venetians holde not onely freedoms but Prouinces and are the freest people of the vvorld as it were seperated froÌ„ the Romaine Empire All that appertaineth now to the Empire is inclosed vvithin the confines of Germanie out of vvhose limits there is nothing Thys Romaine Monarchie is and shall bee the last vvhich although it hath greatly decayed yet shall part thereof continue to the vvorlds end wherein shal remaine the name and maiestie of an Emperour These foure Monarchies were prophecied of long since by the Prophet Daniell vnder the figure of a great Image vvhose head was made of golde breast of siluer belly of copper legges of yron and feete of earth and yron mistically described The heade of Gold signifieth the Monarchy of the Assyrians the breast of Siluer the Persians the belly of Brasse the kingdome of the Greekes the legges of Yron the Romaines the feete of yron and earth the moderne estate of the Monarchie beeing much vveaker then it was vvont to be Daniell dreamed that hee sawe 4. beastes come out of the Ocean the first a Lyon the second a Beare the thyrd a Leopard and as touching the fourth he sayd it vvas terrible to behold The first of these figured the kingdome of Assyria the second the kingdome of Persia the third the Empire of the Greekes and the fourth the Romaine Monarchie the tenne hornes are his members or parts as Siria Egypt Asia Grecia Affrick England Spaine Fraunce Italy Germanie for the Romaine Monarchie possessed all these Nations Betweene these tenne hornes sprang vp a little horne which pluckt away three of the other tenne by which is meant the Mahometicall or Turkish Empire the vvhich engendered of small beginning in the Easterne Romaine Monarchie hath now pulled out three hornes therof Egypt Asia Greece This little horne hath eyes which are presumptious against Christ and Christendom sparckling foorth dreadfull blasphemies against the name of GOD. Of the Turkish Empire IN the yeere of our Lord 630. in the 15. yeere of Heraclius Emperour of Rome arose the dreadfull change of al mankinde by reason of the doctrine of Mahomet vvhich then beganne this did the Arabians first embrace who neuer obeyed kingdoms or lawes lawfully appoynted Mahomet himselfe vvas borne of base parentage in Arabia in the yeere of our Lord 591. in the raigne of Mauritius Emperor of the Romaines his father was an Arabian and his mother a Iew vvho beeing brought vp with a rich Merchant after his maisters death married his mistresse and for that he vvas greatly desirous to rise in honour and estimation by the counsell of Sergius an ancient Monck an Arrian he coyned a new religion deriued out of sundry Sects mingled with some part of the Iewes some part of the Christians some of the Arrians The Prophet Ezechiell and S. Iohn call the Turks Gog and Magog Gog signifyeth a Tent and Magog the people vvithout the Tents for the Tartarians vsually dvvell in Tents and the Turkes are Tartaries vvho came out of Tartarie into Asia when the Sarazens warred against the Persians by theyr King Hormisda desired in ayde Mahomet is interpreted rage or indignation Turke signifieth a souldiour or a vvrastler in the Tartarian tongue one that is accursed or a vagabond Methodius calleth thys people red Iewes eyther because they vvere cruell thirsting after blood or els for that Mahomet vvas borne of Edom in Arabia and Edom signifieth redde Besides the same Author vvriteth that Gog and Magog vvere closed in beyond the hyll Caucasus and that a subtile Foxe should make them a passage vvhich Foxe is Mahomet VVhen the Sarazens serued vnder Heraclius against the persians being denied their pay they fledde from him and in theyr returne homewards they spoyled many villages and townes about Damascus in Syria then vnderstanding Mahomet to be of great power by reason of his vvealth and the opinion vvhich vvas helde of his religion they made choyse of him for theyr Gouernour and by the consent of the Sarazens Arabians and a great part of the Egyptians they so proclaimed him The beginning of his kingdome vvas in â—523 yeeres after Christ vvho making hys â—eate in Syria vvrote the Alcoran a booke of all the lawes ceremonies and traditions of his religion vvith a number of idle tales and faigned miracles hee vvas poysoned by Albunor one of his owne disciples to the inâ—ent hee might see if his maister Mahomet vvoulde rise againe the thirde day after hys death according to his prophecy but hys body was torne in peeces of dogges he raigned tenne yeeres Ebebuzer or Amiras that is a Prince or successor his sonne in law succeeded him hee tooke Damascus making that his princely seate and after 2. yeeres siedge spoiled Gaza Ierusalem raigning 3. yeeres Ahumar succeeded hee subdued all Syria and Egypt conquering Persia and hauing added Cilicia Cappadocia Mesopotamia and the Ile of Cyprus vnto his conquests he made Babylon the seate of his Empire whoÌ„ the Sarazens called the Calipha of Babilon which signifieth the chiefe Prince of empire and religion he raigned 12. yeeres Muhauiar tooke Caesaria and Palestine ouercame Horimasda the sonne of Cosroes he made them keepe Mahomets lawes vvhich the Persians obserue at this day after thys the Sarazens possessed Affrica vvent forward into Asia vvhere they flourished 200 yeeres The Turkes as long as the Empire of the Sarazens flourished in Asia they did most firmly sticke vnto them but after that they began to decrease by their ciuill dissention they encroched vppon them and their territories and by little and little wrought themselues at length wholy into the gouernment of the Empire In the yeere of our Lord one thousand fifty one they elected Zadoc to bee theyr King he laid the first foundation of the Turkish empire in Asia After 5. discents of them in the yeere one thousand foure hundred and eyght vvhen Godfrey of Bullaine vvith other Christan Princes made theyr holy expedition into Palestine the Christians in Armenia perceiuing that the Turkes were deuided and that they had murdered theyr last Emperor Belchâ—aior suddainly assailed them and draue them out of Persia enforcing them to keepe in the lesser Asia In the yeere of our Lorde one thousand three hundred Ottoman restored their Empire by his rare wit and fortune in martiall affaires he gaue names to the Emperors first appointed theyr king hee conquered Bithinia and Cappadocia and tooke many places lying vpon Mare ponticum and ruled 28. yeeres Orchanes his sonne sacked Prusia made â—t the head of his kingdome he was slayne by â—he Tartarians Amurath his sonne was the first that came out of Asia into Europe hee tooke Callipoâ—is Cherronesus Abydus Philippolis Adrianapolis Seruia and Bulgaria but entering into the vpper part of Misia hee was slayne in the 23. yeere of his Empire Baiazeth his brother
subdued all Greece but beeing ouercome by Tamberlaine hee dyed without renowne Callepin his sonne succeeded hee ouercame the Emperour Sigismund and beginning to spoyle the borders of Constantinople dyed in the flower of his age raigning but sixe yeeres Mahomet after him subdued the greatest part of Slauonia and Macedonia and came as farre as the Ionian sea hee remooued hys seate out of Bythinia to Adrianopolis where he dyed Amurath the second succeeded him vvho wonne Epirus Aetolia Achaia Beolia Attica and Thessalonica Mahomet the second destroyed Athence wonne Constantinople Anno 1452. he brought vnder his subiection the Empire TrapezuntiuÌ„ Corinth the Ilands of Lemnos Euboiae Mitilene and Capha a Cittie of the Genowaies he raigned 32. yeeres Baiazeth the second tooke from the Venetians Naupactus Methonia and Dirohaim he spoyled all Dalmatia and in the end vvas poysoned Zelimus his sonne wonne Archair slew the Sultan of Egypt he brought Alexandria Damascus and all Egypt vnder his Empyre Solyman his onely sonne conquered Belgrad tooke Buda the Kings Citty in Hungaria spoyled Strigonium and all Hungaria To him the Ile of Rhods was yeelded he ouerthrew the fiue Churches when the Cittie Iula was taken he besieged Zigethum was slaine in the assault This Citty his sonne Zelimus spoyled in the yeere 1566. vnder 12. Emperors they subdued vnto themselues by Turkish tyrannie in two hundred threescore yeeres a great the Persians obserue at this day after this the Sarazens possessed Affrica went forward into Asia where they flourished 200. yeares Of the Bishops Archbishops Patriarchs and Popes of Rome THE yeare of Peters comming to Rome the time of his residency in the Sea and his death there hath beene so vncertainly reported by Platina Orosius Fasciculus temporum Eusebius Vspergensis Sabellicus and Nauclerus for the first by S. Hierome Beda Fasciculus temporum Vspergensis and Platina for the second by Nicephorus Dionysius Hierome Isodorus Eusebius and Abdiâ—s for the third that diuers godly learned men haue beene induced to think and some constantly to write as Vlricus Velenus and Thomas Balaeus with one other that Peter was neuer at Rome howbeit many wise reâ—erend truly lerned fathers of our church are of opinion that he was at Rome but no Bishop thereof martired vnder Claudius Nero. Linus a Thuscane born reported to be the successour of Peter was a man of pure and godly lyfe who for preaching the Gospell suffered martyrdome vnder Saturninus the Consull in the raigne of Vespasian Emperor of Rome Anacletus the first borne at Athence waâ— of an excellent and feruent spirit and of greaâ— learning he planted the Church of God wiâ—â— daily labour in whose defence and beleefe hâ— was put to death by Domitian which he constantly indured Clement the first a Romaine for his preaching and good deeds was a long time banished by the Emperor to hew Marble stones and in the end was cast into the Sea with an Anchour about his necke Euaristus the first a Grecian borne in the time of persecution ceased not to increase the Church by his diligent preaching till he was martired vnder Traian An. Dom. 100. Alexander the first a Romaine painefully trauailed both to preach and baptize he suffered great torments till he died vnder Aurelianus president to the Emperour Anno Domini 121. Sixtus the first a Romaine diligently preached the Gospell with many good works and godly deeds beautified the Church he was vigilant and carefull for his flocke and died for it Anno 129. Telesphorus the first a Grecian vvas a worthy man for learning and godly life he bare witnes of Christ most faithfully conâ—tantly both by his words and death vnder the Emperour Antoninus An. 140. Higinus the first an Athenian of a Christian Philosopher was made a Bishop who discharging the duty of a good Pastor was put to death anno 144. Hee wrote in a Caue where he did hide himselfe in time of persecution an Epistle touching God and the incarnation of the sonne of God Pius borne in Aquilia did many godly deeds in the Church vnder Antonius Veâ—us and in the end watered the Church of Christ with his blood in martirdome 159. Anicetus a Syrian a faithfull and diligent Pastor of the Church of Rome was martyred anno 169. Sother borne in Campania like a valiant Souldiour of Iesus Christ serued vnder his spirituall banner in the time of the Emperour Commodus he confirmed the doctrine which hee had preached vvith his blood in martirdome 177. Eleutherius a Grecian notwithstanding the stormes of persecution were somewhat calmed in his time because many of the Romaine nobility beleeued on Christ yet hee was beheaded 191. in his time also manâ— godly vvriters writ learned bookes agaynâ—â— diuers heresies and heretiques which infected the Church Victor borne in Affrica was the first thaâ— when the storme of persecution was calmed vsurped authority vpon strangers In the former Bishops sayth Vincentius the spyriâ—â— abounded but in these that follow the temptation of flesh and blood preuailed He exempted his brethren of Asia from the Communion because in keeping Easter day they followed not the vse of the church of Rome for which Policrates Iraeneus Bishops of Ephesus Lyons reproued him as then the church was rent in twaine by his obstinacy he died 203 Zepherinus a Romaine borne was a man more addicted to the seruice of God then to the care of any worldly affairs where before the vvine in celebrating the Communion was ministred in a cup of wood he first did alter that and in sted thereof brought in Cups or Chalices of glasse in his time were the Artemonites a sect of vaine Philosophicall Diuines who as our late Schoolmen did corrupt the Scripturs with Plato Aristotle and Theophrastus turning all into curious and subtile questions Origen taught the holy Scripture at Alexâ—ndria in Zepherinus time but his bookes â—ere refused because he brought in vnprofiâ—able disputations and allegories Calixtus the first borne at Rauenna when â—ersecution began to waxe hote againe was â—pprehended by the commaundement of Aâ—â—xander Seuerus and after that he was beaâ—en with cudgels and imprisoned his body â—as cast out of a window and drowned in a â—eepe pit 226. Vrbanus the first a Romaine in the time of Heliogabalus with his sincerity of life exâ—ellency in learning drew many on all sides â—o the Gospell he was often times banished â—he Citty for the Christian fayth but being â—ecretly brought in againe by the faithful he â—as martired by Seuerus 233. Pontianus a Romaine in the afore-sayde Emperours raigne when the people ranne â—n multitudes to heare him preach the word â—y the Princes commaundement being set â—n by the idolatrous Priests he was caried â—rom Rome to the Ile Sardinia where hee â—as put to death 239. Antherosa Grecian preached constantly stoutly vnder the tirany of Maximius the Emperour he first ordained that all the acts of Martyrs should be recorded least the remembrance of them should be lost with
some doe not reckon him among the Popes especially Vincentius He begot Pope Iohn the 11. in detestable adultery Petrus Premonstratensis Iohn the eleueth vvas made Pope by the meanes of Theodola a Curtezane for the loue she bare to him he ouercame the Sarazens that wasted Calabria Apulia and Italy Hee was smothered by Guido Marquesse of Thusca his souldiers which Guido married the daughter of Theodora that shee might aduaunce her base son by Sergius the thyrd vvho vpon thys Popes death vvas elected but for that the agreement of the people and the Clergie was not certaine he was deposed the same day Leo the sixt established peace in Italy and after he had raigned 7. months he was poisoned by Marozia Stephen the seauenth liued in peace tvvo yeeres and as Crantius writeth he was poysoned Iohn the 12. raigned 5. yeeres while his mother Marozia ruled as wel the estate temporall as spirituall in Rome Leo the 7. lyued quietly and did nothing vvorthy of remembrance hee dyed Anno 941. Stephen the 8. a Germaine borne was greatly vexed with ciuill seditions amongst the Romaines he died anno 944. Martin the third repaired the Churches was very beneficiall to the poore and diligent in reforming of outward manners hee dyed ann 947. Agapetus the second caused Otho the first to vvage warre against Berengarius a Marquesse of Italy promising him therefore the kingdome of the Romaines as Sabellicus writeth he died an 954. Iohn the 13. was of so loose and intemperately life that the Emperour by the consent of the Prelates deposed him and sette vp Leo the 8. but when the Emperour was gone those harlots that were Iohns cōpanions promised the Nobles of Rome the treasures of the Church to depose Leo place Iohn againe which they did He decreed that the Emperor should euer be crowned at Rome by the Pope but as hee was solacing himselfe without Rome a certaine night with the wife of one that scorned to be called a well contented man id est a Cuckold he was killed forthwith in the 10. yeare of his Popedome Of him came the prouerbe as merry as Pope Iohn Leo the 8. who fled to the Emperour when he was deposed after the death of Iohn was restored againe he gaue to Otho authority absolute to elect the pope as once Charls the great did after a yere 3. moneths he died Iohn the 14. was quietly chosen he allured the kingdom of Poland to accept him as supreame head of all Churches in this time they began to giue proper names to bels and he called the great bell of Leteran after his owne name dyed anno 973. Benedictus the 6. was imprisoned in Castel Angelo by Cynthius a man of great power and there hee was strangled or as some say poysoned in his time beganne the name of Cardinals to be vsed as Carion reporteth Donus the second gouerned indifferently deseruing neyther great praise nor dispraise for a yeare and sixe moneths he dyed anno 975. Benedictus the fifth was deposed by Otho that he might restore Leo he dyed in exile anno 964. Boniface the seauenth doubting his safety at Rome fled to Constantinople and in his absence the Romaines made one Iohn the 15. Pope but at his returne he tooke Iohn thrust out his eyes put him in prison and pined him to death but shortly after he dyed of the falling sicknes and after his death his body was dispightfully vsed Iohn the 15. was Pope eight moneths in the absence of Boniface Iohn the 16 as soone as he was Pope began to beare deadly hatred against the Clergy and they likewise abhorred him because he neglected the dignity of the Romaine sea and bestowed the riches vpon his kindred and harlots which fault Platina and Stella say hath continued among the Clergy vnto our time hee dyed the eight yeare of hys raigne Iohn the 17. was very well learned published diuers books he was likewise expert in warlike affaires in his time Crescentius the Consull went about to make himselfe King of Rome wherfore he departed into Hetruria but Crescentius fearing that he went for the Emperor sent for him to returne which he did and was receaued with all humility by Crescentius who falling downe before him kissed his feete and craued pardon This Iohn dyed anno 995. Gregory the fifth beeing the Emperours Cosen was by his authority made Pope whō Crescentius the Consull with the people deposed and established Iohn the 18. Bishop of of Placentia Gregory complained to the Emperour who ouercame Crescentius and killed him and caused Iohns eyes to be put out whereof he dyed Gregory dyed the 3. yeare of his Popedome Iohn the 18. was very learned and rich but proud and couetous which was his ouerthrow he dyed as before Syluester the second a Frenchman addicted wholy to deuilish arts be tooke himselfe to the Author thereof both body and soule who told him that he should not dye vntill he sayd Masse in Ierusalem wherfore he perswaded himselfe of long life as minding not to come there but saying Masse in the Pallace of the holy Crosse which was called Ierusalem in a terrible shiuering and quaking he dyed miserably anno 1003. Iohn the 19. by those means that Syluester vsed came to be Pope who after hee had raigned fiue moneths was poysoned by his owne friends Iohn the 20. likewise by Magick got to be Pope and was altogether giuen to idlenes as Platina saith he dyed in the 4. yeare o◠his raigne Sergius the fourth was a pleasant merry familiar companion in his time was great pestilence and famine in Italy and in Loraine a fountaine turned into blood he dyed anno 1012. Benedictus the eight by the Magicall charmes of his Nephew Theophilactus who was Syluesters Scholler obtayned the Popedome and was therein defended by Henry Bauarius because he had bestowed on him the crowne emperiall but after his death the Cardinalls deposed him and set vp another but hee vvith money compounded and was restored agayne hee dyed anno 1025. Iohn the 21. brother of the former Benedict being a lay man was made Pope by the coniuring of Theophilactus he so continued 11. yeares Benedict the ninth who before was Theophilact as he aduanced his vncles by his Magicke Arts so now hee brought to passe by them to succeede in theyr dignities he after the death of Conradus sought to disinherite his sonne Henry the 3. of the Empire and to plant in his sted Peter King of Hungary to whom hee sent the crowne of the Empire with this verse Petra dedit Romam Petro tibi Papa coronam Henry ouercame Peter and tooke him prisoner and sette forward to Rome which the Pope hearing of sold his Popeship to Iohn Gratian after called Gregory the 6. in the meane time the Romains deposed Benedict placed in his sted Iohn Bishop of Saba Syluester the third King of Saba enioyed the roome but 49. daies and was by the Emperor driuen out and constrained to returne to
all good qualities bee inprinted which impression the Platonists 〈◊〉 Idaeas being nothing els but inward conception of things CArneades Archimedes were accounâ—ted as dead men when they were alyue forasmuch as their mindes beeing distracteâ— through earnestnes of contemplation the naturall action of their bodies seemed to cease and giue ouer the one forgetfull to reach his hand to the dish being at meat the other not knowing vvhat the matter meant when the towne of Siracusa was taken wherin he liued Laertius Socrates vvas seene studying a whole day continuing the space of 24. howres in contemplation and discoursing in his minde which was vvhen hee drew out this conclusion out of his thoughts that there was bâ—t one onely God and that the soule was immortall Mison the Phylosopher liued altogether a contemplatiue and solitary life vvho vvhen one by chaunce met him laughing to hymselfe and demaunding the cause vvhy hee laughed hauing no company aunsvvered Euen therefore doe I laugh because I haue 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 company with me Laertius Scipio was neuer lesse alone then when he â—ad no company and Tully when hee was â—hought to haue beene idle studied most Cicero Democritus plucked out his eyes because â—he pleasures of this world should not draw â—im from contemplation S. Bernard a most excellent man for learâ—ing and holines gotte all his knowledge wherein hee excelled all other of his time 〈◊〉 the woods fields not by the instruction â—f man but by contemplation prayer Saint Augustine wryteth of himselfe that 〈◊〉 this sort hee vnderstoode Aristotles prediâ—aments which are accounted amongst the â—ardest things and also the liberall Sciences â—nd no man taught him The Hare the Pellican and the Swan liue â—olitarily the last is merry at her death in â—ope to see shortly her beloued Apollo Plato Hiero the tyrant of Syracusa gaue ouer his â—ingdom liued a solitary life Craesus after the death of his son Adrastus â—â—ued in contemplation Herod Ierome Petrus Diamanus Caelestinus â—orsaking the world betooke them to solitaâ—â—nes of life Timon of Athence was so giuen to solitarâ—â—nes and melancholly that he hated the 〈◊〉 of all men and therefore was called Mâ—â—santhropos he vsed and employed all his 〈◊〉 to perswade his Countrimen to shorten the lifes hauing set vp Iibbets in a field which hâ— bought for them that were disposed to hanâ— themselues Plut. Anthony dispairing of his fortunes builde him an house in the Sea at the Lanteme and ramped it about seperating himself from the company of men protesting to follow Timon calling his house Timonion or Timons Tabernacle Appian Tresilaus ouercome with a melancholly passion perswaded himselfe to be the righâ— honour of all the great Nauy that ariued aâ— the port Pyreus of which humour when he by Phisitions was throughly purged hee cursed them saying That they had robbed 〈◊〉 of his pleasure and wealth The Emperour Lotharius pricked in conscience for his euill committed agaynst 〈◊〉 Father Lodouicus Pius resigned his Empire and spent the remainder of his life intâ— monastry Appian wryteth of a solitary way by the people Sapaei which for the solitarines the very birds could not discouer by which Bruâ—us being distressed and afrayde was guided by Roscopolis who perswaded him to goe that way Appianus Of Agriculture Agriculture or husbandry tooke beginning 〈◊〉 our forefather Adams fall and since in euery succeeding Age hath beene highlie esteemed whose companion is Labour the true handmayd of vertue The vpholders of this Art as the Poets write were the last that waxed wicked and Iustice forsaking the earth left her last foot-steps amongst husbandmen THis was so honored in old time that euen the Romaine Emperours and mightie Kings and Potentates haue not beene ashamed to exercise it Dioclesian left his Empire at Salona and Attalus likewise to labour in this Art Cyrus set planted and grafted trees with his owne hands checker wise So did Seneca Planetrees From the honour of the earth and husbandry the noble sirnames of Fabij Lentuli Cicerones Pisones haue beene denominate Cor. Ag. From the breeding and feeding of Cattell the Iunij Bubuli Tauri Statilij Pomponij Vituli Vitellij Porcij Catones Annij tooke their better names Romulus and Remus Romes first founders were sheepeheards Apollo Mercury Pan Abell Abraham Iacob Moyses Dauid were sheepheards The Gardens of Adonis Alcinous Tantalus Hesperides were subiects for the finest Poets Semyramis had goodly flowers hanging in the ayre and Massinissa strange and famous garnished Gardens to the wonder of Affricke Tarquinius in the time of that first olde Rome walked pleasantly in his Garden and cropping the tops of Poppy Liuius Lucullus after his victories obtayned in Asia tooke his recreation in Gardens Sylla forsaking his Dictatorship spent the remainder of his life in gardening VVhen the Romaines would commend any man they vsed to call him a good man a good husband insomuch as the Senatorâ— themselues liued in the Country at occasions were by Purseuants called to the citty Quintius Cincinatus and others were called from the plough to be Dictators King Agis one day requested the Oracle of Apollo to tell him who was the happiest man in the world who aunswered One Aglaion be knowne of the Gods and vnknowne of men and making search for him throughout all Greece found at length that it was a pore gardener in Arcadia who 60. yeares olde neuer went from home keeping himselfe with his onely labour in his Garden Liuius M. Cato Censorius was as ready and apt to learning as to warres to matters concerning the field as the Citty and also to the exercise of husbandry Hee was the most excellent husbandman of his time and was the first amongst the Romians that gathered the precepts of husbandry and brought them into the forme of â—n Art Petrarch Quintius Cincinnatus while hee was eaâ—ing his foure Acres of land by decree of the Senate people of Rome was chosen Dicâ—ator Florus Abdolominus at the commaundement or rather permission of Alexander from a â—oore Gardener was aduaunced vnto the kingdome Sidon and by contemning the kingdom was reputed greater then the kingdome C. Marius was an hireling ploughman and spent the first yeares of his lyfe in the fields but afterwards was seauen times Consull oâ— Rome The plesure that Lucanus had in this world was nothing else but a little Garden when he died he coÌ„maunded his graue to be made in it where he was buried Of Pouerty This burden whether it come by birth or some sinister chaunce is or ought to bee a meanes to bring man to a ready knowledge of himselfe anâ— by this to a more neere knowledge of God who sometime sendeth it as a tryall other-while as â— punishment to the godly first the burden is light to the repining punished intollerable who loose the benefit thereof by their impatience and murmuring ARistides sirnamed the iust beeing very poore was chosen to leauie and gather the trybute before all the rich men in Athence VVhilst
the name of pouerty was honoured at Rome vvhich was by the space of 400. yeares after the foundation thereof Pleasure could neuer set foote as there but â—fter that Pouerty began to be contemned â—ertue immediatly tooke her flight from â—hence which was their vtter ouerthrow Valerius Publicola hauing foure times â—eene Consull of Rome the onely man for gouernment in war and peace his pouerty is â—ecorded not to his shame but to his praise Liuius Poore Aristides had not the least honour â—n the seruice at Salamis and at Plateus was â—he chiefe leader of all the Athenian forces â—hoÌ„ Vertue did put forward Pouerty could not hold back nor dismay Herodotus Fabritius being in pouerty was sent in Emâ—assage amongst other Romaines to Pyrrhus of whom Pyrrhus tooke such lyking â—hat to winne him to be his he proffered him â—he fourth part of his kingdome Eutropius Ephialtes beeing cast in the teeth with his pouerty sayde VVhy doost not thou make â—ehearsall of the other thing namely that I loue â—aw and regard right Aelian One of Catoes sonnes of 15. yeares age was banished for breaking of an earthen pot in a maydes hand that went for water so waâ— Cinnaes sonne because hee entered a Garden and gathered fruite without leaue The Ostracisme amongst the Athenians was a banishment for a time whereby the brought dovvne them that seemed to exceede in greatnes This was inuented by Clisthenes A rude rusticke fellow happened to meet Aristides bearing a scroale of paper in hyâ— hand and desired him to wryte the name oâ— Aristides therein who meruailing thereat asked whether any man had been by him iniured No quoth he but I cannot in any wisâ— endure the sirname of Iustus Plutarch At such time as the Ephesi banished theyâ— Prince Hermodonus they pronounced thiâ— sentence Let none of vs excell another but iâ— any so doe let him no longer heere dwell but inhabite else where Cicero Celliodorus the Phylosopher was banished in the prosperity and fury of the Marians not for the euils they found in him buâ— for the vices he reproued in them Vulturnus a man in Astrology profoundly learned was banished by M. Antonius because Cleopatra hated him Bestius and Colla Gentlemen of Rome when they had boldly declared theyr seruice for the common-wealth and reprehended the Senatours before they would be cast out by decree voluntarily exiled themselues Appian Sittius was the first and onely man that as a stranger was an outlaw in his owne Country Idem Of Death Death is faigned of the Poets to be the sister of Sleepe both borne of their mother Night a Goddesse impartiall and inexorable as sparing none and the Aegiptians by an Owle sitting vpon a tree signifie death This all-killing power triumphans cedit and by death is ouercome EPaminondas ready to giue vp the ghost willed the poysoned shaft to bee pulled from his deadly wound wheÌ„ it was giuen him to vnderstand that his shield was found safe and his enemies put to flight he cheerefully departed out of this world Cicero Gorgias Leontinus being very sick a frend of his demanded of him how he felt himselfe in body he answered Now Sleepe beginneth to deliuer me to the power of his brother Death Asdrubals wife the last Lady of Carthage had the lyke end in death as the first Lady Dido had for she threw her selfe and her two sonnes into the fire Herod because hee would make the Iewes sorry for his death whether they would or no dying commanded to sley all the Noble mens children of Iury. Iosephus Vespasian ready to dye stoode vp sayd It becommeth an Emperour to passe out of this world standing Calanus an Indian Gymnosophist when he had taken his long leaue of Alexander piled vp a bonfire in the suburbs of Babilon of dry wood of Cedar Rosemary Cypres Mirtle Laurell then he mounted the pile the Sunne shining in his face whose glorious beames he worshipped then he gaue a token to the Lacedemonians to kindle the fire stoutly and valiantly dyed Cercidas an Arcadian ready to dye said to his companions I am not loath to depart this life for I hope to see and talke with Pythagoras among the Phylosophers with Liuius among the Historiographers with Orpheus among the Musitians and with Homer among the Poets which words as soone as he had vttered hee gaue vp the ghost Plato dying thanked nature for three cauâ—es the first that he was borne a man not beast the second that hee was borne in Greece and not in Barbary the third that â—ee was borne in Socrates time who taught â—im to die well Antemon was so desirous to liue and so â—earefull to dye that scarse he would trauaile â—broade and compelled to goe two of his â—eruants bore ouer his head a great brazen Target to defend him from any thing which might happen to hurt him Massinissa King of Numidia rather committed his estate and life vnto dogs then vnto men as his gard to keepe and defend him from death Hector sayd to Andromache Be not sorry for my death for all men must die Homer Polydamas entering into a Caue to defend himselfe from the rayne through the violence of the water the Caue fell downe vpon him Cicero Anacreons breath was stopped with a grape kernell that stucke in his throate Plinie Euripides returning home from King Archelaus his supper was torne in peeces of dogs Gellius Aeschilus sitting in a sunny place in Sicily an Eagle flying ouer taking his white bald head for a stone strooke the shell of a Tortoyse which was in his bill against his head and dashed out his braine Valerius Pyndarus laying his head downe to sleep in the bosome of a boy whom he loued neueâ— awaked Suidas Ennius would not haue his death lamented because he was famous in his works yet Solon would haue his death bewailed writ to put his friends in minde Let my departure wayed be let my friends draw sighs for me Trophonius and Agamedes hauing built a sumptuous temple to Apollo of Delphos begged the most profitable thing that might bee giuen to man after the third day they were found dead Cicero Velcurio the learned Phylosopher lying vpon his death-bed when his friends came to comfort him sayde The Father is my Creatour the Sonne my Redeemer the holy Ghost my Comforter how can I then be sorrowfull or dismayde The day before that Caesar went to the Senate hee had beene at a banquet with Lepidus talking meerely vvhat death was best for a man some saying one and some another he of al praised the sodaine death which happened to him Appian The Scots in theyr owne Chronicles haue recorded that of one hundred fiue Kings â—here dyed not aboue 50. of naturall deaths Gasper Peucerus Of Vsurie Vsury of some called Interest but without reason why sith money let to interest returneth but with his proper summe the daughter of Couetousnes and Ambition may well be called a continuall sire which euer encreaseth through