speakes on the Crosse is the words of his intercession Luke 23. 34. which should be an admirable paterne to teach vs to goe and doe likewise Neuer was there a greater man on earth nor did euer man suffer such wrongs and yet you see how he is affected He that bids vs pray for our enemies doth it himselfe in a harder case than euer can be ours If we will be true disciples we must shew it by forgiuing men their trespasses and by praying for them especially when we are about to die if we would euer haue God forgiue vs we must forgiue men their trespasses against vs. This prayer of Christ was heard as appeares by the conuersion of many of those enemies of his after his death Yet obserue he prayes not for such as sinned of malitious wickednesse but for such as sinned out of ignorant zeale or generall prophanenesse of Nature many of the people were carried with blinde zeale and many of the Gentiles were ignorant of the true story of the life and cause of Christ for which he suffered those were curable and for those he prayes And this may be a comfort to vs he that can obserue this difference in his persecuting aduersaries will much more shew it in considering the frailties and ignorances of his owne seruants that desire to please him though they faile of that they desire to doe through strength of temptation or other weaknesse and ignorance Againe note it is not enough for the partie offending that the partie offended doe forgiue but God also must be sought vnto for forgiuenesse Lastly our Sauiour shewes his religiousnesse in his maner of dying by his deuout care for his owne soule shewed in his prayer when he said Father into thy hands I commend my Spirit Luke 23. 46. when he had be queathed all other things as Peace to his Disciples his body to the Iewes his garments to his Tormentors Paradise to the Theefe pardon to the penitent and his Mother to his Friend now only remained his Soule and that he commends to God Euen Iesus can carry nothing with him out of the world but his Soule and therefore he prouides for that Which should teach vs what we should doe our greatest care should be that our soules may be safe when we die and that they may be so we see here two things must be done while we liue First we must get assurance that God is our Father we are his children and then when we come to dye we must commit our soules by faithfull and heartie prayers into his hands and for feare of the worse wee should begin betimes to prepare for death and by daily prayer to put our soules into Gods hands Obserue that these words were first vsed by the Prophet Dauid Psal 31. 5. who committed his soule to God being horribly persecuted by Saul and in great danger and hauing no friend to trust to Now our Sauiour being in like but greater distresse doth make choice of Dauids words to expresse his prayer in which should teach vs to acquaint our selues with the Scriptures especially of this kinde for as it will be accepted if our prayers be made according to Gods will so is it a speciall aduantage and helpe to our faith and prayers to fashion them to the very paternes in Gods Booke and to say as the godly haue said to God in the like case Finally this practise of our Sauiour may be a great comfort to vs and that two waies for first we may gather from his example that if once we haue committed our soules to God he will keep them safe as Paul said 2 Tim. 12. And secondly it will be comfortable for vs in death or danger to flie to Iesus Christ to beseech him to helpe our soules with his Father who cannot forget that once himselfe on earth made the same moane to his Father that we doe now to him Thus Stephen doth Act. 7. The fourth question is for whom Christ died and the Answer is giuen distinctly in many places of Scripture First he died for men not for other creatures Heb. 2. 14. 18. Though the effect of his death reach to other creatures as to the Angels Phil. 2. 10 11. and to the creatures that suffered vanitie for mans sinne Rom. 8. 19 20 22. Secondly he died not for his friends but such as in the state of nature were his enemies and sinners not iust men Rom. 5. 8 10. Thirdly he died not for Iewes only but for the Gentiles also 1 Ioh. 2. 2. Fourthly hee died not for goats but for his sheepe Ioh. 10. 11 15. not for the world but for the Church Ioh. 17. 9. Eph. 5. 25. euen for such as should beleeue in his name Ioh. 3. 16. Fifthly he died not for some beleeuers but for all beleeuers Rom. 8. 32. and so not for learned men or great men but for all men of all sorts that beleeue 1 Tim. 2. 6. Sixthly he died not for those that did beleeue his words but for all that should beleeue the words of his seruants afterwards to the end of the world Ioh. 17. 21. And so he died for vs many hundred yeares before wee were borne Seuenthly not for all beleeuers in generall only but for euery particular by name Ioh. 10. 3. 14 15. And the knowledge hereof should serue for diuers Vses For first it should be very comfortable for all sorts of Christians to thinke that Christ died for them and did thinke of them in particular and by name Secondly it should much affect vs with admiration of the greatnesse of his loue that would die for such vile wretches as we were by nature wicked and enemies to him as the Apostle vrgeth it Rom. 5. 6. to 10. And thirdly in speciall it should much incourage such as are burthened with the greatnesse of their sinnes to know that he well vnderstood it that he was to die for the vngodly Fourthly it should teach Christians to restraine censure and iudging of them that are without The vertue of Christs death may reach to many more than we know and to such as for the present are vile enemies to the Christian name Fifthly wee should all labour to be such as Christ hath described to haue actually a part in his death And so Saint Paul tels vs we must be such as see and acknowledge how vile and wicked we are by nature whatsoeuer gifts or priuiledges we haue and how ciuill soeuer we haue liued in comparison of others Rom. 5. 6 c. and our Sauiour tels vs we must be beleeuers and sheepe such as will heare and be ruled by his voice and 2 Cor. 5. 15. the Apostle saith We must be such as will liue to him that died for vs and Saint Iohn saith Reuel 14. 3 4. we must not be defiled with women that is with Idolatry or spirituall whoredome that is with any beloued sinne and must follow the Lambe whithersoeuer he goeth Finally if Christ died for vs it must needs
the godly euen to all that beleeue in Iesus He was arraigned before the Priests and Pilate that they might not be arraigned before God He was pursued in euery Court that no Court of Iustice might lay hold on them He was accused before an earthly Iudge that they might be freed by the heauenly Iudge He was condemned on earth that we might be absolued in heauen And withall here is terrible discomfort to the wicked that will not repent of their sinnes and beleeue in Iesus They may gesse what shall become of them if Christ endured to bee arraigned on earth and to be so vsed at mans Tribunall how shall they escape the terror of their arraignment at the dreadfull day of Iudgement He that hath beene abased to these indignities will pay them home with iust vengeance when â—hey shall fall into his hands at the last day and iâ— God spared not his owne Sonne but arraigned him for our sinnes how shall he spare them Thus in generall Now in particular in the arraignment of Christ we are to consider First his accusation Secondly his condemnation or sentence In his accusation there was a double proceeding For first he was brought into the Ecclesiasticall Court before Caiaph as the High Priest in a great Councell or Synedrion at Hierusalem and then after he was brought before the Politicall Tribunall of Pilate the Romane Gouernour First of the arraignment of our Sauiour in the Ecclesiasticall Court The Storie of the Euangelist shewes with what corruption and iniustice he was vsed in their Consistorie For first the Iudges themselues before they heare the cause take counsell how to put him to death intending by all their courses to deuise all the wayes they could to get colour of matter against him to complaine to the Ciuill Magistrate that hee might put him to death Secondly it is expresly said that they sought false witnesse against him and this was a grosse iniustice to suborne false witnesses Thirdly in the very Court before the face of the High Priest Christ is smitten on the face with a rod by a base slaue that was seruant or officer to the High Priest Iohn 18. 22. Fourthly he was accused of double blasphemie the one against the Temple and the other against God Against the Temple because he should threaten to destroy it and pull it downe and set it vp againe by his owne power within three daies Against God because he said he was Christ the Sonne of God And this is the summe of the proceedings in that Court Now out of the whole Storie many things may be noted which may serue for good vse as First we may see hence that Christ and true Christians may be persecuted and monstrously abused in Spirituall Courts as well as Temporall Christ neuer had worser enemies nor more corrupt and malicious than Churchmen In his owne person none hated him more deadly than the Priests and great spirituall Counsellors of the State Ecclesiasticke And in times after of all the great ones that opposed Christ and his Kingdome none deserued the name of that Antichrist more than the Bishops of Rome And certainly if he suffer such wrongs in their Courts if they repent not and reforme he will iudge them in his Court one day to their eternall confusion Againe it is most cleare from hence that the restimonie of Councels or the outward glory of learned men professing a religion are not infallible marks of the Truth Here is a great Councell and here sit the great Rabbies in their Pontificalibus when Christ stands amongst them in the condition of a poore prisoner Now what could the Papists say in Queene Maries times to the Protestant prisoners that might not be said by these Iewes against true Religion Againe we may obserue out of this Storie what horrible iniurie may bee done to a man in reporting his words though the most of the words be reported that were spoken and how a mans meaning may be vilely peruerted by a little change of the words Christ had said Destroy this Temple and I will build it up againe in three daies he meant his body by the Temple and his Resurrection should be the building vp of it againe Now the false witnesses vrge this sentence contrary to his sense and in stead of the word Destroy yee they report it thus I will destroy and so out of all frame that accusation that hee would pull downe the Temple Let all men take heed what they heare and what they report especially in hearing doctrine let them take heed that by their fault they doe not make their Teachers sinne in the word as the Prophets phrase was that is that they doe not by mistaking make such report of their Teachers doctrine as may bring them into danger when they meant or said no such thing And yet moreouer wee may note one thing more for information and that may be gathered from the behauiour of the High Priests feruant in striking Christ so proudly and vniustly without any bidding or warrant and the rather if we marke how the night before Iesus was vsed by these Seruing-men and officers and so afterwards That I would obserue is That it often falls out that seruants are like their Masters If the Iudges of Courts be not louers of goodnesse and good men but rather such as seeke all occasions against them disgrace and discountenance them it is ordinarily seene that their seruants and officers their Sergeants and Apparitors and such like carry themselues with vile iniustice and scorne towards the godly What vermine in the world can be more odious than the seruants and officers of great men or Iudges or Bishops or such as haue Authority in Ecclesiasticall or Temporall things when the Masters proue to be men of corrupt minds and not louers of goodnesse and iustice And so it is in all States euen in the family How often doe the sinnes of Masters and parents breake out in their children and seruants Certainly the complaint of ill seruants would be in the greatest part of it taken away if Masters were better themselues And thus for information Now besides here may be diuers things learned for our instruction from the behauiour of our Sauiour at this time from the things he said or did Yea there is one thing to be learned from these wicked Rulers though they did sinfully We reade here of them that they rise early in the morning getto the Court dispatch the businesse quickly Now if to doe mischiefe their feet make such haste to shed bloud surely good Iudges should learne expedition from them so it be in good causes Iudges of Courts should prouide if it be possible to cut off these miserable delayes in suits and when they fully vnderstand the cause dispatch the Iustice of it quickly Now from the behauiour of our Sauiour we may learne diuers things 1. Whereas he was examined both of his doctrine and his Disciples he answers to the point of his
became the Christ the Lords annointed King to carry himselfe Kings need not seeke protection or defence for themselues by words against the false accusations of their subiects 2. Hereby hee shewes his magnanimitie in contemning death If he had answered hee might seeme to doe it to preuent the sentence of death He that seekes not life feares not death He that saues all men betrayes his owne safetie that he might purchase our saluation 3. By his Silence hee satisfies Gods iustice for the sinnes of our words 4. He is silent on earth that he might merit to speake for vs in heauen by making intercession freely for vs at the right hand of God and that we might haue free accesse to God for our prayers in pleading for our liues through his merit 5. Hee hath thereby left vs an example to teach vs to beare false accusations patiently and imports that our innocencie shall not need defence when wicked men are vnreasonable He may well be silent that needs not defence Let them be eager to make Apologies that feare to be found guiltie the cause is the better that is not defended and yet is proued 6. Hereby he proues himselfe to be the Messias promised because he was as a sheepe dumbe before his Shearers according to the prophecie Esay 53. 7. And as he was silent in these accusations that touched his life so afterwards when they accused him for making himselfe the Sonne of God Ioh. 19. 7. he would giue no answer to Pilate that being much afraid asked him whence he was vers 8 9. both because Pilate was vncapable of the doctrine of the Trinitie and because there was no time to reueale his Deitie but rather to suffer and die according to his Humanitie Thus of our Sauiours examination Now follow the courses the Iudge tooke to auoid putting of him to death and so to saue his life and so in the story we shall finde that Pilate vsed foure policies to saue Christ or at least to put off the businesse from himselfe The first was that he perswades the Iewes to take him themselues and iudge him by their owne law Ioh. 18. 31. but this policie succeeds not and that for two Reasons First the Iewes plead they had not power to put any man to death because the Romans had taken that iurisdiction into their owne hands In which answer of theirs we see their horrible wickednesse and impudencie that professe to haue resolued vpon his death and to tell the Iudge so before the cause be opened and yet the prouidence of God was in this thing God had sent him to die for the people and by the people his death is called for with importunitie Secondly the Text saith That this was done that the saying of Iesus might be fulfilled signifying what death he should die for he had said that he should be deliuered vp into the hands of the Gentiles to be crucified and therefore this policie must be disappointed whence we may note that the Counsell and word of God concerning the sufferings of his people cannot be altered It shall not be with vs according to the will of men but Gods Counsell shall stand which should make vs with the more patience to beare what may befall vs seeing if God doe it it will be good for vs and no aduersaries can haue their wills of vs further than their plots and practises doe serue to accomplish Gods secret will The second policie vsed by Pilate was that he took occasion from the report that Christ was a Galilean to send him to Herod to be tried before him Luke 23. 6 7 c. This Herod was he that cut off Iohn Baptists head and was called to distinguish him from other Herods Herod Antipas Pilate though he dealt herein politickly yet he deales vniustly for he ought to haue defended the innocencie of our Sauiour and deliuered him from the hands of his violent and vnreasonable aduersaries and not send him to another In the Story of Christs appearing before Herod obserue 1. The disposition of Herod and how he stood affected towards our Sauiour the Text saith He was glad of his comming and had long desired to see him and hoped to see him work some miracle before him Luke 23. 8. There is a great difference betweene godly men and wicked men though they both meet in this that they desire Christ or to see Christ A wicked man desires more the miracles of Christ than his word A godly man especially desires to heare the voice of Christ My sheepe heare my voice saith our Sauiour Herod had beene so searched by the ministery of Iohn that he durst not aduenture to heare any effectuall ministerie afterwards He hath no desire to haue Christ to instruct him in the great mysteries of the kingdome of Heauen or to shew him how he might saue his soule To desire Christ for carnall ends as pleasure glory profit or the like is but an vnregenerat humour To desire Christ for his owne sake or for his word sake or for the holinesse we desire to get from him is proper only to the godly 2. The behauiour of our Sauiour who would not yeeld to worke any miracle before Herod because he knew Herod would abuse the power of God to make sport of such great works to feed his owne vanitie and besides our Sauiour constantly applies himselfe to the businesse he came about He knew then that was not a time of exercising his power but of suffering Secondly though Herod questioned with him in many words yet he answered him nothing Which he did first to abate the pride and vanity of Herod thereby intimating how little he esteemed his worldly greatnesse and how much he contemned his leuitie and vanitie of minde Secondly he would not cast Pearle before Swine He knew he should doe no good by talking to him that was a man giuen to so much viciousnesse of life and voluptuousnesse Thirdly because he knew that he must receiue his sentence not from Herod a Iew but from Pilate a Romane and Genâ—â—ie and be condemned and put to death after the Romane manner viz. by crucifying 3. The things our Sauiour suffered and so first from the Iewes then from Herod The Iewes viz. the chiefe Priests and Scribes stood and vehemently accused him which our Sauiour endured and came to passe by Gods prouidence that so thereby the innocencie of Christ might be the more manifest which was easily discerned by Herod obseruing the violent and tumultuous proceedings of the Priests and it may be gathered from Pilats speech that Herod did finde no fault in him Luk. 23. 15. From Herod our Sauiour suffred two things First he was extremely mocked by Herod and his men of warre and then hee was sent backe to Pilate arraied in a gorgeous robe For the first we see how great men that are giuen to pleasure and worldly pompe entertaine Christ and religion It is no strange thing that religion should be scorned by voluptuous
innocent and did not consent to our Sauiours death It seemes that he had borrowed this Ceremony from the Iewes who had an ancient vse of it in some cases as appears Deut. 21. 6. and did thereby think the more to affect them with remorse see Psal 26. 6. Though this Ceremony were not necessary yet Iudges and publike Officers of State should haue cleane hands hands I say cleane from bribes and corruption and hearts fearing God and hating couetousnesse and so all solemne seruice in Piety as well as Iustice requires the washing of the hands in innocencie Psal 26. 6. for if the Ciuill seat of Iustice must not be compassed but with integritie of heart and life much lesse should we dare to compasse Gods Altar vnlesse we haue washed our hands in true innocencie But further obserue what poore shifts a troubled and ill conscience flyes to What will it iustifie Pilate that he washeth his hands and yet by and by doe that which himselfe condemnes The basenesse of his minde cannot be scoured off with the water on his fingers An ill conscience is often attended with a senselesse minde To conclude Note one fearfull thing that fell out vpon this Action Pilate said I am innocent from the bloud of this man Immediatly the madde Iewes shout it out that for his bloud let it light vpon them and their children Matth. 27. 25. How suddenly did the Iudge of the world take vp this Imprecation He ratified it in heauen This direfull curse fell vpon them and yet lyeth vpon them to this day as a standing monument to warne all cursing Caitifes such as wish death and damnation or desperate diseases to themselues or others God may say Amen before they be aware Thus of the declaration of our Sauiours Innocencie The second thing about his condemnation is the cause why Pilate would not deliuer him knowing him to be innocent and so two causes are assigned the first was his willingnesse to content the people Marke 15. 15. And Luke saith the instancie and clamour of the Commons and the chiefe Priests preuailed Luke 23. 23. And a second cause is assigned by Saint Iohn Chap. 19. 13. And that was the feare of Caesar for they had charged him that if he did not condemne Iesus he was not Caesars friend and when he heard this saying he sate downe in the Iudgement seat to giue sentence Which shewes vs that it sometimes comes to passe that Christ and the sincerity of Religion may suffer very vniustly either to satisfie the stubborne humours of wicked people or vpon pretence that Christ and true Christians are enemies to Princes Many things are done in Caesars name and vpon pretence of Caesars right which yet Caesar knowes not of or if he did ought not to fauour such proceedings We see that of old these two things haue beene great motiues to iniustice The third thing was the manner of the Iudgement and so Saint Iohn reports that Pilate brought forth Iesus and sate downe in the Iudgement seat and after some reproachfull speeches to the people about Iesus as their King and after their last tumultuous crie to haue him crucified he deliuered him to be crucified Oh what heart can by faith see Iesus come out vpon the Pauement and so patiently set himselfe before the Tribunall of Pilate and not be dissolued into teares to see our sweet Sauiour after so many indignities to stand amongst such vile people to receiue iudgement of death that was the blessed Author of life But in this sentence of condemnation lieth one chiefe consolation for in that houre and in that sentence did God our heauenly Iudge giue sentence vpon our sinnes in him our Surety and condemned sinne in his flesh that had no sinne and therefore our faith should gather hence assurance of eternall comfort seeing he was condemned that we might be saued and in this sentence vpon him God hath fully satisfied his iustice so as we need not feare the day of Iudgement for Iesus hath beene already iudged for our sinnes Rom. 8. 3. and a part of the iudgement it is to be reckoned that he found no mercy in the Iewes when Pilate said Behold the Man but rather with greater rage they called for the sentence to haue him crucified and withall that he was reiected of the chiefe Priests and Scribes and Elders of the people He found no mercy in the Iewes that he might thereby procure for vs the eternall Mercy of his Father He found no mercy with Men that we might obtaine mercy with God And he was reiected of the chiefe Priests that the Scripture might be fulfilled that had said That the stone that the builders refused should be made the head of the corner Psal 118. 22. And that he might thereby satisfie for vs that had refused God and would not haue him raigne ouer vs but yeelded our selues to the Deuill to rule vs. The fourth thing in the Story is the consequent of the Iudgement or what followed immediatly vpon the sentence and that was most vile vsage by the Souldiers of the Gouernour for they tooke him into the common Hall and gathered vnto him the whole band and they stripped him and put on a Scarlet Robe and a Crowne of Thornes vpon his head and a Reed in his righthand and bowed the knee and mocked him saying Haile King of the Iewes and spit vp-vpon him and smote him on the head with the Reed and after they had mocked him they tooke off the Scarlet Robe and put his owne rayment on him Matth. 27. 27. to 32. Now whereas Saint Iohn Chap. 19. 1 2 3. mentioneth that diuers of these things were done before the sentence to moue the people to pitie we may suppose that they were twice done once by Pilates commandement before sentence and then by the prophane rage and storme of the Souldiers after sentence howsoeuer to vs it is sufficient to know they were done and why hee endured such things wee should chiefly inquire Now out of this part of the Story some things may be learned in generall and somethings from the signification of some speciall things here mentioned In generall wee must inquire after the Reason of two things 1. Why he is here shewed in the habit of a King and scorned by the representation of the ornaments reuerence of a King He is crowned and clothed with a Robe and a Reed put into his hand like a Scepter and saluted as a King all in scorne Consider first that God did by his speciall prouidence acknowledge the regall dignity of his Sonne euen in the middest of his greatest abasement that which Pilate and the Souldiers did in scorne God did in earnest for all these things are ensignes of his Kingdome Secondly hence we may gather how senselesly and scornefully the men of this world doe iudge of the Kingdome and glory of Iesus Christ It is so farre remoued out of their sense and iudgement that they account it but foolishnesse and scorne
makes sufficient payment to Gods iustice and ouercomes death for vs and that by reason of the worthinesse of his person It is more for Christ to die one houre than for all the world to be dead for euer For it is in this as it is in a prison into which many debtors are cast It is an euerlasting prison to such as cannot pay their debts but it is but a temporarie prison to such as either by themselues or any other make full payment of what is owing 6. That by his death he might make a medicine to kill sinne in vs which might so eat downe the power of sinne that it should no more reigne in vs and so by degrees abolish sinne He died that we might die to sinne by the vertue of his death Rom. 6. 7. That thereby he might buy life for the world He gaue his flesh for the life of the world euen to purchase eternall life for the elect world Ioh. 6. 51. 8. That many sonnes might be borne to God Christ was like seed falling from heauen to the earth and there dying it quickned and brought forth many sonnes to God Esay 53. 10. Ioh. 12. 24. yea the doctrine of Christ dead for our sins is still like to diuine seed falling into our hearts which conuerts men and turnes them to God Thus of the Reasons Now what vse may we make of the consideration of the death of Christ Many things we may learne from hence 1. It should teach vs to be stedfast in the faith and to beleeue and trust vpon Gods mercies for Christ died for our sinnes and therefore wee are certainly reconciled vnto God 1 Cor. 15. 3. Rom. 5. 10. And God doth assure vs of so much in the Sacrament of the Lords Supper Matth. 26. 2. We should neuer be afraid of Death and Hell 1 Thess 5. 9 10. Christ by dying for vs hath deuoured and euen swallowed vp Death and Hell so as they shall neuer hurt vs. As the fire consumes the stubble so by wonderfull Art Christ by dying hath consumed all the forces and power of Death and the sting of it 1 Cor. 15. 54. Heb. 2. 15. 14. Death as a curse was laid vpon Christ that our death might be blessed to vs. 3. It should maruellously inflame our hearts with the admiration of the loue of Christ to vs 1 Ioh. 3. 16. 4. Henceforth we that liue should not liue to our selues but to him that died for vs and carry our selues as men that are dead to the world and the sinfull pleasures and lusts thereof and shew the proofe of the vertue of Christs death in vs by the mortification of our sinnes 2 Cor. 5. 15. Rom. 6. 2. 6. 5. It should breed in vs a holy resolution to suffer any thing for his sake euen to forsake Father Mother Wife Children Husband yea and Life it selfe for his sake and the Gospels Iohn 12. 24 25 26. yea it should make vs willing to lay downe our liues one for another if our life may doe seruice to the Church of God and our brethren 1 Ioh. 3. 16. 6 Seeing Christ in death falls to the ground like a dead carkas we should be like spirituall Eagles to flie to it wheresoeuer we finde it whether in the Word or Sacraments and our soules should feed heartily but spiritually vpon it Matth. 24. And seeing God in his ordinances presents vs still with the dead body of his Sonne it should be a meanes to draw all men to it and to gather into one all the children of God that were scattered abroad Iohn 11. 52. and 12. 32 33. 7. The meditation of the death of Christ should make vs in all estates to liue at rest and in a holy security as knowing that Christ died for vs that whether we wake or sleepe we might liue together with him 1 Thess 5. 10. If we liue we liue to the Lord and if we die we die to the Lord Whether we liue or die we are the Lords Rom. 14. 7 8. Thus of the generall proposition concerning the death of Christ and the Reasons and Vses of it In the Explication these things are to be confidered 1. Who died 2. Who were the speciall witnesses of his death 3. How he died 4. For whom he died 5. When he died 6. The consequents of his death For the first if we aske who died the Apostle Paul Rom. 8. 34. answers It is Christ which is dead Which is to be obserued the better to stirre vp our hearts to consider both the wonder of it and the reason of it That any other man should die is no wonder because all other men were sinfull and mortall but here Iesus Christ the Righteous who onely hath immortality dies and withall it leads vs to thinke of the reason of it for he did not die nay he could not die if he had beene considered as a priuate person because he deserued not death in his owne person but he died as our suretie and as a publike vndertaker for vs all hee died in our roome But yet we are further to inquire into this question and to consider whether this death belong to the person of Christ or only to his Natures or to each of them he being God and man in one person And in this we must take heed what our hearts answer for though it be true that Christ died in respect of the flesh so as it was only the flesh that suffered death in respect of the Nature that died yet his death belonged to the Word in respect of the Person for the Word the Lord of life and glory suffered and died not in respect of his Diuinitie which is immutable and altogether impassible but in respect of his Humanitie or in his flesh God did not die with the flesh but in the flesh and he died in his flesh that is in that flesh which was vnited to the diuine Nature If the flesh of Christ were the flesh of the Sonne of God then his dying in the flesh doth belong to him as the Sonne of God Thus his bloud is said to be the Bloud of God Act. 20. 28. and this we must needs beleeue for else his death as a bare man could not haue beene of sufficient merit for all our sinnes There is yet one thing more to be thought on about this Question and that is that the Humanitie that is the soule and flesh of Christ did in death and after death remaine in the Person of the Sonne of God firmely vnited Though the Soule was disvnited from the Body yet neither Body nor Soule were dis-vnited from the Person of the Sonne of God The parts of the Humane Nature were diuided in death one from another so as one was on earth and the other in heauen but yet both of them remained and subsisted in the Diuine Nature else if in death there had beene a new manner of subsisting Christ had had two Persons as well as two Natures which is Heresie to
beleeue Thus of the first Question For the second we shall finde in the Story of the Euangelists that the chiefe Witnesses of Christs death were women that followed Christ from Galile and ministered to him by name Mary Magdalen and Mary the mother of Iames and Ioses and Salome and the mother of Zâ—bedees children These a farre off beheld what was done Of all the Apostles and seuentie Disciples here is not one but onely Iohn the Euangelist who was by the Crosse with the Virgin Mary Thus will God exercise the faith of his seruants the Church must receiue the report of the things that concerne the death of Christ from women as the chiefe Witnesses and hereby did Christ honour the pietie of these women that followed him to the death when the Disciples fled and left him which is an euerlasting honour to their sex and shewes that God can make women glorious confessors of the Truth euen at such times as men hide their heads for feare What a shame is this for the Apostles to be absent from a spectacle vpon which the saluation of the whole world doth depend Besides hence we may gather that Christ can preserue vnto himselfe some number that professe his Truth and can arme them against the feare of danger euen in the most desperate persecutions Yea some such as will neither flie nor hide themselues Now for the third Question there are many things to be noted in the manner how Christ died for 1. Hee died truly It was not a putatiue death but a true death He died in deed and not in shew or appearance onely 2. He died a grieuous death for hee died a painfull death and he died a violent death and he died a cursed death There were certain in ancient times that held that Christ receiued many wounds was smitten whipped nailed and shed his bloud and died his Soule going out of his Body but yet neuer indeed felt any paine He had they said a body that could suffer but not a Nature that could grieue or feele paine But that he did feele paine is not only manifest by his owne words but is expresly affirmed by the Prophet Esay Chap. 53. He suffered also a violent death he did not die a naturall death and it must needs be so because Christ had nothing in him to cause him to die and besides he thereby answers to the Types in the Sacrifices of the old Testament which were not onely beasts dead but beasts slaine Thirdly he suffered a cursed death for such was the death of the Crosse and God had before pronounced it a cursed way of dying Galat. 3. 13. All which as it shewes the grieuousnesse of our sinnes by nature so doth it import the greatnesse of our blessednesse by grace for therefore did Christ die a cursed death that wee might liue a blessed life as the Apostle shewes Gal. 3. 13 14. Yea and besides hereby the Curse is remoued from our death so as it is a blessed thing for a Christian man to die and go out of the world when God calls for him 3. He died willingly not by compulsion he laid downe his life for no man could take it from him Ioh. 10. 18. and that may appeare by the Story for Christ cried with a loud voice and gaue vp the ghost Now men that lye a dying languish and their voice failes them or at least growes weake Againe it is said Christ laid his head aside and then gaue vp the ghost whereas other men first giue vp the ghost and then their heads fall aside and further to shew that he died when he listed he was found dead sooner than other men that died on the Crosse which Pilate himselfe wondered at Now this is for our great comfort that he died so willingly for it both addes to the sufficiencie of the propitiation in his death and shewes vs the greatnesse of his tender loue to vs and withall it should fire vs to a holy resolution with all willingnesse to doe any thing he would haue vs or suffer any thing for his sake 4. He died most religiously and his piety in his death is commended for his obedience to his Father and for his care for his Mother and for his loue to his enemies and for his deuotion in respect of himselfe His obedience to God his Father in his death is commended Phil. 2. 9. because hee did not onely obey all the Morall Law that all men were bound to but obeyed the singular commandement giuen by his Father euen that of dying for the people which as Man he was not bound to but as a Mediator Which should teach vs abnegation of our selues whatsoeuer it is God commands vs we should be willing to do how hard soeuer Gods work seemes to be This care for his Mother is recorded by Saint Iohn Chap. 19. 25 26. when he saw his Mother standing by with the beloued Disciple he said Woman behold thy Sonne and vnto him Behold thy Mother Thus is Christ a most perfect Patterne of righteousnesse in both Tables for as hee had before shewed his godlinesse in the first Table so doth he here shew his naturall affection and tender care of his Mother in the second Table Now was the time come when Simeons prophecie was accomplished vpon his poore Mother now did the sword of bitter sorrowes pierce thorow her righteous soule while shee beholds that dolefull spectacle of her matchlesse Childe suffering death vpon the Tree Luke 2. 35. And therefore now to comfort her doth he commit her to Iohn his beloued Disciple with charge that he should looke to her after his death taking this care for his Mother of whom he was made man and commending her to his Disciple with such humane affection he shewes himselfe to be that high Teacher sent of God The Tree to which the members of Christ dying were fastened was a chaire of a spirituall master teaching for hereby he teacheth children how they should honour their parents and continue a reuerent loue to them euen to their last gaspe and hereby he teacheth hearers how to performe gratefulnesse to their Teachers not only by releeuing their Teachers while they liue but by helping their parents or children when they are dead He calls her Woman not out of contempt but to tell her and all men that he that then was a dying was more than the Sonne of Mary Yea and thereby the comforts her for he intimated that being more than Man hee was able to ouercome death and could not be van quished by his enemies His loue to his enemies he shewes by praying for them when they most outragiously and blasphemously persecuted him to the death He said Father forgiue them they know not what they doe The crie of their blasphemies and his innocent bloud went vp to heauen against them but Iesus makes haste to send vp the crie of his prayers for them that they perish not for euer and therefore the first words he
be in this world 7. In the case of publike dangers and distresses vpon the Churches of Christ and the seeming prosperity of his enemies for from this Article we may gather and must beleeue that all the enemies of Christ and his Church shall come to confusion and that the Church shall be deliuered as these and many other Scriptures shew Eph. 1. 20. c. Psal 110. 1 2. 1 Cor. 15. 25 26 27. Dan. 2. 44. and 7. 14. The seuenth Article From thence he shall come to iudge both quicke and dead ACTS 10. 42. And he commanded vs to preach vnto the people and to testifie that it is hee that is ordained of God a judge of quicke and dead HItherto of the three degrees of the exaltation of Christ Some haue thought that this Article containes a fourth degree of his glory but I am rather of their minds that take it to be a declaration of the former especially of his Session at the right hand of God as shewing one point of his greatnesse aboue men and Angels that hee is appointed Iudge of all the world and so of all men and Angels Some diuide these foure Articles thus One tells of what he did on earth viz. Rose from the dead The second tells how he went from the earth the third tells of his estate in heauen and the fourth of his returne to the earth againe There is great need of teaching and explicating of this Article both because it is a thing so much vrged in so many places both of the old and new Testament and because it was made one of the most fundamentall principles of the Apostles Catechisme Heb. 6. 2. Act. 10. 42. and especially because it is a doctrine of all others most effectuall to awaken the carnall secure hearts of men Act. 24. 26. and if it may be to bring them to repentance Act. 17. 31. and the more proper for vs vpon whō the ends of the world are come not only because it is now at hand but because men are in so high a degree forgetful of it yea because there are so many scoffers against it according as S. Peter foretold 2 Pet. 3. 3. Concerning this iudgement I intend to shew by way of explication 1. What kinde of iudgement it will be 2. Who shall be the Iudge 3. Whence he shall come to iudge 4. When the day of iudgement shall be 5. Where the place will be 6. Who shall be iudged 7. The signes of this Iudgement 8. The forme or manner how it shall be performed For the first what kinde of Iudgement this shall be may appeare by the properties of it and the properties are seuen First it is certaine It is such a Iudgement as will certainly come vpon men There must needs be a Iudgement in the end of the world First because so many Scriptures haue foretold it it hath beene proclaimed and men warned and summoned from the beginning of the world Henoch gaue notice of it Iude 15. so did Moses Deut. 32. and Dauid Psal 50. and Salomon Eccles 11. 9 and Daniel ch 7. 13. and Ioel ch 3. and Malachi ch 4. so did Christ himselfe Matt. 24. and Paul 2 Thess 1. and Peter 2 Pet. 3. Iohn Reu. 20. and Iude v. 6. here is a cloud of witnesses Secondly because we see that in this world full Iudgement is not executed and therefore it stands vp ō Gods iustice that there should be a generall Iudgment for in this world many times godly men be in great affliction as Lazarus wicked men be in great prosperity as Diues Now if God be iust he wil render to euery man according to his works which because it is not done in this world it remains that we are yet to expect such a iudgement as will giue euery man his due If iudgement begin at Gods house in this world then certainly will God finde a time to auenge himselfe on Satans family Thirdly there must needs be a iudgement in the end of the world for the declaration of Gods iustice which is now in many things hid Rom. 2. 5. Many things we see not the reason of and many things are hid in darknesse which then shall be brought to light Mens hearts now boile against many things they heare in Gods word or obserue in Gods workes now the Lord will ouercome in iudgement Psal 50. And therefore he hath appointed a time wherein he will cleare himselfe before all men and Angels Fourthly Gods workes of iudgement done already shew that he conceiues such an infinite wrath against sin as he must needs finde a time to be reuenged on the sins of all men Such as are the drowning of the old world the burning of Sodom the destruction of Ierusalem the tormenting of mankind with a world of diseases and miseries the sweeping away of many thousands together by Pestilence or sword the irreuocable sentence of death vpon all men shews that God will take an account of mens waies and will not put vp the transgressions of his Lawes Besides euery mans conscience naturally feares a supreme Iudge and therefore since there shall be a iudgement men should liue so as to prouide that it may goe well with them in that day 2. It is immediate God himselfe shall iudge There is a iudgement in this world which is called Gods iudgement but that is a mediate iudgement when God iudgeth by man as Deut. 1. 17. Psal 72. 1. Psal 50. 3. It is the last iudgement men haue receiued their doomes sometimes from men sometimes from God either iudging them by his word or afflicting them by his particular iudgements but these are all the first things but this is the last iudgement after which there shall be no more triall or sentence or execution and therefore the more terrible for wicked men because there can be no reuersing of this sentence as in this life vpon repentance there may be of other iudgements Ier. 18. 7 8 9 10. And for this sentence there will be no appeale 4. It is a generall and vniuersall iudgement 2 Cor. 5. 10. all must appeare both quicke and dead as will be more distinctly shewed afterwards God hath his particular iudgement vpon man in this world both in life iudging both the righteous and the wicked euery day Psal 7. 12. and in death when he passeth a particular sentence vpon euery man but this is iudgement of all men together 5. It is an open and manifest iudgement where all things shal be brought to light euen the secret and hidden things of all men euen the hidden things of darknesse God hath his secret iudgements vpon wicked men in this world when he consumes them like a moth Esay 51. 8. and plagues them in their soules or bodies or states in the things the world obserues not But at this day of iudgement all shall be done and opened before all men and Angels Which serues for exceeding terrour to impenitent sinners Is it such a shame to doe
of the Lord God Almighty when by the sword of Princes hee shall destroy that City of Rome which hath beene the very Throne of the Beast and of the Whore Rev. 16. 14. 16. and 17. 17. The sixt signe is a fearfull corruption of manners in the men of the world foretold 2 Tim. 3. 1 2 3. This I reckon as a signe because I see all sorts of Writers haue a great minde to it but I take it to be so not because the sinnes there mentioned shall be then found in the world for they haue been alwaies in the world but in a threefold respect First because all those sorts of sinne shall reigne at once in the world Secondly because men shall grow in a high degree abhominable in sinning so as to ouer-passe the formet times in the vnheard excesse in sinning Thirdly because the corruptions of manners shall bee found in all estates and degrees of men and this signe I thinke belongs to this age I suppose there was neuer any age wherein men were growne generally so monstrous drunkennesse whordome swearing falshood and deceit besides the sinnes mentioned in the Apostles catalogue and these things do so prouoke the Iudge and dare him to his face that sure his comming cannot be long deferred but he will hasten the rest of the signes to be reuenged of so wicked a world The seuenth signe is yet to come and that is the calling of the Nation of the Iewes which that it shall be is plaine by the Prophecy of S. Paul Rom. 11. but how this shall bee performed and when I suppose it cannot be determined by Scripture The last signe I take it will bee but a very little time before his comming and that will be some fearefull alterations in the powers of heauen and in the ayre and in the earth and seas but what these will be it is hard to coniecture and the rather because S. Iohn tells of the noise of seuen Thunders that were vttered before the end of the world but he was forbidden to vtter them but to let them be sealed vp and kept vnknowne from the world yea and from the Church too Rev. 10. 5. Matth. 24. 29 30. It is very probable that this signe will be accomplished in the very letter as it is recorded by the Euangelist Thus of the signes going before our Sauiours comming to iudgment The signes ioyned with his setting out to come to iudgment are these the first is a speciall signe of the Sonne of man which shall bee in heauen and visible to all men on earth but what this signe shall bee is vnknowne and I am vnwilling to trouble the Reader with rehearsing the seuerall coniectures of Interpreters seeing they are without warrant from the Word The second signe is the wailing and lamentation of all Nations when they behold Christ comming in the clouds of heauen Matth. 24. 30. Some Diuines make the firing of the World to be a signe belonging to Christs comming forth to iudgment but that cannot be so because it is not probable that deuils and wicked men shall be in the new earth or the new heauens for there must dwell nothing but righteousnesse and therefore this firing of the world is to bee reckoned as a consequent of the Iudgment Thus of the Signes The last point to be opened is the forme and manner of the last Iudgment and here foure things are orderly to be inquired into 1. The manner of the preparation to the Iudgment 2. The manner of the triall of the causes to be tried there 3. The manner of the sentence vpon all sorts of men 4. The execution of the sentence The preparation to the Iudgment concernes either the Iudge or them that are to be iudged The Preparation as it respects the Iudge hath in it foure things 1. The Commission or singular power giuen to Christ for the execution of this iudgment vpon all the world Ioh. 5. 22. This Commission was granted him in his first comming and shall now be manifested to all men and Angels before he enter vpon the Iudgment as we see is done by earthly Iudges 2. The cloathing of the Humane nature with vnsearchable glory and maiestie aboue the glory of all men and Angels which glory our Sauiour calls The glory of his Father when he said He should come in the glory of his Father Matth. 16. 27. 3. The attendance of thousand thousands of Angels that shall shew themselues in the perfection of their glory waiting vpon him Iude 15. Dan. 7. 10. 2 Thes 1. 7. Matth. 25. 31. 4. The erecting of a most glorious Throne wherein he will sit as Iudge which hee calls The Throne of his glorie Matth. 25. 31. which is resembled by the glory of earthly Princes which sit in Thrones of Estate when they would shew their Maiestie to their people Which Throne will be the more glorious because before the erecting of it all earthly Thrones shall bee cast downe Dan. 7. 9. We must not be curious to enquire what this Throne shall bee made of Daniel saith It is like a fiery flame Dun. 7. 9. Thus of the preparation of the Iudge The preparation in respect of the Iudged hath likewise foure things viz. 1. The Citation of the world to come to iudgment and the world is three waies summoned to come to iudgment First by the ministery of the Fathers and Prophets in the old Tâ—stament that from the beginning of the world cited men to appeare before the iudgment Seat of God Henoch began before the Flood Iude 15. and others followed in euery age as hath beene shewed before Secondly by the ministery of Christ himselfe and the Apostles and the ordinary ministery of the Preachers of the Gospell in all the ages vnder the Gospell till the end of the World Now the last summons is this which shall be giuen at that instant when Christ is come in the clouds of heauen and set in his Throne and this shall bee performed by a shout from heauen and by the sound of the last Trumpet This cry or summons is called The voice of Christ Ioh. 5. 28. 1 Thes 4. 16. and yet it seeme sit shall be performed by the ministery of Angels Matth. 24. 31. Hee that imployes the ministery of men to call the World to repentance in this life will vse the ministery of Angels to bring those men to iudgment especially such as haue not repented of their euill waies 2. The Resurtection of the dead vnder which I comprehend the change of the liuing for vpon this voice all dead men shall receiue their soules into their owne bodies be quickned and rise out of the Graues or other places of the earth or waters wherin they haue lyen Rev. 20. 13. and those that shall bee then aliue shall bee changed in a moment in the twinkling of an eye at the sound of the last Trumpe and this change shall bee in stead of death and a kind of resurrection they shall bee changed
not in the substance but in the qualities of their bodies corruption putting on incorruption and mortality putting on immortality 1 Cor. 15. 53. 3. The collection of all the world of men and euill Angels for the Angels of Christ shall gather together into one place from all the foure winds of heauen euen from all the parts of the world all them that were raised or changed euen all both elect and reprobate Matth. 24. 31. and 25. 32. 4. The separation of the good from the bad which shall be performed by Christ himselfe which knowes the hearts of all men before the tryall euen then when they are brought in by the Angels and before hee proceed to the tryall of all mens causes Matth. 25. 32. Where by the way diuers things may be noted as first that wicked men to their terrour shal then haue that done by Christ which now in their malice and iolity they so much striue to doe themselues Now they shunne the godly and thinke the Townes the worse to liue in where they are setled especially if they be any number of them at that day as their grieuous punishment they shal haue the godly taken from them neuer more to liue amongst them Secondly wee gather hence that there shall neuer be a perfect separation no not in the best Churches on earth of the good from the bad onely at the day of Iudgement it shall bee perfectly made This is shewed by the Parables of the Tares and good corne and of the Draw-net that catcheth both bad and good fish Thirdly note the titles giuen to both sorts of people Christ calls the good Sheepe and the bad Goats to giue men before hand an intimation of their estates if they will try themselues by these similitudes they may know now how it shall goe with them then Goats are knowne to be creatures that though they be turned into the same pasture with sheepe yet will not be kept within any bounds but are vnruly and besides are creatures of very ill smell these resemble all such vngodly men as liuing within the compasse of the visible Church and enioying the meanes of saluation with the godly proue vnruly and rebellious and will not bee kept within the compasse of the rules and directions giuen by the word of God nor follow the example of the godly but in many things against their knowledge sinne wilfully and presumptuously and they also shadow out that prophannesse by which vngodly men discouer themselues by their words and deeds in euery place they come in so as they leaue an ill sent behinde them the very place is the worse for them Now Sheepe resemble true Christians and so true Christians are like sheepe in foure things First in teachablenes Christs sheepe heare his voice and follow him Ioh. 10. A sudden whistle startles sheepe so as they come in and are driuen whither the Shepherd will whereas Goats and Swine will not bee driuen without much toile and labour Secondly in sociablenesse sheepe will sort with sheepe and not with swine and will not easily liue but in the company of sheepe so is it with the godly their life is vncomfortable if either they be forced to dwell where the wicked are or where they may not enioy the society of the godly Thirdly in profitablenesse a sheepe is profitable in all things about him and therein resembles the good workes of all the godly in whom euery thing is profitable their praiers their practise their examples their workes of mercy their piety yea their very afflictions are profitable not onely to themselues but to others also Fourthly in their patience they are quiet in aduersity like a sheepe dumb before the shearer so are godly men when they fall into the hands of vnreasonable men that afflict them persecute them and oppresse defraud them Now by these things must men try themselues Thus of the preparation to the Iudggment The manner of the triall follows where three things must be inquired into 1. About what the triall shall be 2. By what law men shall receiue their triall 3. By what euidence they shall be tried For the first it is cleare by Scripture that the triall shall be about the workes of all men They shall be examined about their workes and the proceding shall be according to their workes as these and other Scriptures shew 2 Cor. 5. 10. Rom. 2. 6. If any say that then it seemes faith shall not bee enquired after I answer that it shall as is plaine 1 Pet. 1. 7. for by their works their faith shall be prooued to the world and faith it selfe is one of the highest workes of a true Christian Ioh. 6. 29. If any say further that hereby is imported that the godly shall then be iustified by their workes and be saued for their workes sake I answer that they shall be iudged then according to their workes not for their workes God of his free grace will giue reward according to their workes but not for their workes nor will their works then iustifie them otherwise then as they declare them to be iustified by Christ and truly righteous in themselues It may be further obiected that this may discourage poore Christains and all such as haue not power to doe good workes I answer that it is an error to thinke that there are no good works but giuing of almes There are good works in the obedience of euery one of Gods commandements Works of piety and the works of our particular callings are good works as well as works of mercy and the works of spirituall mercy a poore man may doe as well as a rich man About the triall of wicked men also diuers things may be obiected As first they shall be iudged for originall sinne being borne children of wrath Eph. 2. 3 and yet that is no worke I answer that originall sinne is a worke as it was wrought by Adam and imputed to them and as it is the cause and root of their actuall sinnes secondly it may be said that they may be punished for other mens workes and so be iudged for more works than their owne works To this I answer that the punishment of their Parents sinnes may reach to their children Commandement 2. but that is to be vnderstood of temporall punishments in this world and not of the sentence at that day only children may then be iudged for their Parents sins and others for other mens sins but that is only as other mens euill works become theirs either by consent or partaking or imitation Matth. 23. 35. There is another case that concernes both good and bad in that day and that is the case of Infants either elect or reprobate how shall they be iudged that haue done neither good nor euill in actuall works dying before they come to yeares of discretion To this I answer that the proceedings of God about Infants is not clearly reuealed vnto vs in this world and therefore we must leaue that as a