then Duke of Sudermannia c. by them Parliamentarily Constituted Governour of Suethland is demonstrated The heads of the severall Letters which passed between that King and his said Uncle in that conjuncture and even when the Armies of both sides were in the Feild and in sight of each other are touched The Kings bad successe the accord ensuing between them with his Retreat into Poland contrary thereunto set forth Contents of their subsequent as well as preceding Acts of Parliament inserted Their renouncing of Fidelity and Subjection to him and his Heirs for ever with their exaltation of the forenamed Duke Charles unto his Nephews Throne manifested The Warrs thereupon between them with advantage to the Suethes and upon other intervenient occasions a Truce mediated and concluded for six years An. 1629. hinted That Truce neer expiring a second Treaty being set on foot An. 1634. for a finall Peace or longer Truce and the latter for six and twenty years assented unto by both Parties the year following the daily passages thereof are faithfully couched Lastly A breife Commemoration of the Ambassador who from England did Mediate that Truce A touch likewise of sundry as aforesayd Emergencies in Germany relating to Englands and the Protestant Interest there in those times not unnecessary for the better understanding of Passages referring as well to the sayd Treaty as to the Ambassadors Person and Death wherein sundry occurrences not usuall may be observed with a cursory mention of the now Raigning Princes of Suethland and Poland and the present posture of affiares in those Nations conclude the Triple Narrative SUETHLAND AND POLANDS TROVBLES Preceding Causing and Ensuing the Expulsion of King SIGISMUND the Third from the Crown of SUETHLAND The Rise of the WARS between Suethland and Poland THE Crown of Poland as also that of Suethland untill of latter Ages hath ever been and still is Elective and albeit not neer so ancient as the other in the Title of a King 〈…〉 yet at present not of consideration inferiour to most in Christendom the same being the only Bulwark in those parts against the incroaching power of the insulting Turk and his Blood-hound the numerous over-running Tartar Unto the time of Boleslaus sur-named Chrobrus that Country was governed somtimes by Dukes otherwhiles by Palatines But Otho the Third the Germane Emperour who in the year 997. first instituted the Colledge of Electors for the choice of future Successors to the Imperiall Crown after an expedition by him made into Italy undertaking a Journey into Poland to visite the Tomb of S. Adelbert and being there Magnificently received and entertained by the said Boleslaus in requitall therof and to tye him in the more strickt Bonds of Amity towards himself and the Roman Empire Of Duke stiled and Crowned him King of Poland about the year of Grace 1000. After whom the said Title continued by the space of 82. years unto the time of Vladislaus the first who abandoned the same using only that of Prince or Duke in which frame the Government remained for the term of 213. years at the end wherof Lescus Niger deceasing and the State distracted into divers Factions being for some time without a Prince the supream Rule was at last electively setled upon Primislaus surnam'd Posthumus who resumed the Title of King An. 1295. That Royall Title hath been ever since retained by his Successors yet not fully established untill the Raign of Casimir the second stiled the Great after whose death his Nephew Lewis King of Hungaria son to Charles King therof by Elizabeth Sister of the said Casimir succeeding electively to the Regall Chair of Poland deceased without Heirs Males and Mary eldest Daughter of the said Lewis being chosen Queen of Hungaria Heduigis the younger was elected to the Crown of Poland and married unto Jagello great Duke of Lithuania who in contemplation of the said Match and the Crown of Poland wherunto he was therby advanced became a Christian in the year 138â— by the name of Vladislaus the fifth and wrought so with his Subjects the Lithuanians as that they also embraced the Christian Profession and likewise united his said Dutchy of Lithuania with Samogitia and that part of Roxoâ—ania which was under his obedience unto the Crown of Poland for ever To which three conditions he was obliged by the Articles of his Marriage The first was forth with the second soon after effected albeit not without reluctancy as may be conceived where a People is rooted and therby become obstinate in Idolatrie The third point the Union was yet more hard to compasse and took more time of deliberation neither was it fully accomplished untill of latter years For the Princes of the Race of Jagello who after him succeeded to the Crown of Poland being unwilling to deprive their Posterity of their Hereditary Estates and to submit the same to the election of the Polanders least being pre-termitted therin they might remain deprived of their ancient Patrimonicall Rights and Dignities deferred the fulfilling therof from one time to another alleadging that the States and people of Lithuania would not consent therto as apprehending future prejudice by that Conjunction But at last seeing that of the one side their Princes Males began to fail as they did in the time of Sigismundus Augustus and on the other part apprehending the power of the Russians and the renewing of former pretensions the Lithuanians condescended to the Union in the Raign of the said Sigismundus who procured that the Lithuanian Bishops the Palatines and a certain number of Castellans should have Session and Vote in the Parliaments of Poland at the election of their Kins and all other Priviledges which the Native Polonians have wherby the Rights of the Lithuanian Princes to their Patrimoniall Estates might seem secured It may be generally observed that in those Elective Kingdoms regard is had to the next in right line unless known to be unfit and unworthy of so great a Power as is apparent in Hungaria Bohemia and Suethland before the same became Hereditary in Denmark also and in Russia most usually and at present is and hath been practised in Germany since the time of Charles the fifth By virtue of this regard to the Progeny of well deserving Princes the Jagellonian Posterity hath continued successively elected to the Crown of Poland ever since his death about 137. years under the Raign of six Kings Viz. Vladislans the sixth his Son Casimir Son to the said Vladislans John Albert second Son of Casimir the elder being pre-termitted by reason of his embracing the Crowns of Hungaria and Bohemia Alexander the third Brother and these two dying without Issue Sigismund fourth Son of the said Casimir succeeded and to him his Son Sigismundus the second sur-named Augustus the last Prince of the Issue Male of Jagello who deceased about the year 1573. After him was chosen Henry of Valois Duke of Anjow second Son to Henry the second King of
solely under God hath been their Protector who to the extream hazard of your life trouble and charge have diligently endeavoured to free them from the Papall darknesse and that external Yoake and Servitude which was impending over our heads And that you have neither spared your Possessions nor life it selfe in watching for the Wel-fare and Emolument of us all as well in spiritual as in temporal Affairs And that you have preserved and protected all and singular Clergy and Laiety high and low each according to his state and condition in the Christian Religion And have governed them wholly according to the Lawes of Suethland and each ones rightly acquired Priviledges The Orders therefore of this Kingdome have I say for these and other weighty considerations as also by the Authority and Jurisdiction devolving unto them from their Ancestors designed and made choice of your Dilection for our King Which Election certainly I neither by my selfe nor others openly or secretly either now or when I shall have attained the full age of twenty foure yeares nor at any time afterward will never endeavour to annihilate or overthrow but will alwaies rest contented with those things which have been at once and by all the Orders of the Kingdome unanimously constituted and decreed and do willingly consent that the Renovation of the Hereditary Union have that successe which your Dilection hath required from these Orders In reference whereunto if your Dilection shall change his mortall life which God be pleased to prolong for many yeares I will endeavour with all my might that no injury be done in any sort unto your most beloved Consort or to your most Illustrious Children and moreover to my power wil procure that the most Illustrious Prince Gustavus Adolphus my most beloved Brother may enjoy the Crown of Suethland And if he shall decease without legitimate Heires Males I will in like manner endeavour that my most deare Brother the Prince Charolus Philippus be preferred to the vacant Government of the Kingdome towards each of whom I will so demean my selfe as becometh a most loving Brother Wherefore I most humbly beseeeh your Dilection to consent at length to the desires of the Orders of the Kingdome and compassionating the sad condition of our Country speedily accept of the Crown of Suethland by meanes whereof your Dilection may easily free the Suethish Common-wealth from Tumults Discords and intestine Dissentions which otherwise may encrease unlesse our Requests be seasonably granted Your Dilection may likewise attend the Government more securely and henceforward as heretofore procure the Kingdomes good Your Dilection so doing I shall hope that your Dilection together with the Orders of the Kingdome will permit that I enjoy the Dukedome assigned unto me at Lincopia with those Hereditary Goods which may rightly accrue unto me when I shall attaine unto full yeares In the mean time I neither will nor can prescribe to your Dilection how they are to be ordered I only humbly entreat that as heretofore so for the future your Dilection will so patronize and dispose of what is mine as to your Dilection shall seeme good and unto me commodious herewith from the most inward of my heart I wish unto your Dilection the happy successe of your intentions a long and prosperous life with a most happy and peaceable Raigne And in confirmation of all things aforesaid I here in presence of the Orders of the Kingdome do give you my hand For these say they and other fore-mentioned reasons as also in regard of the transaction at Orobrogia An. 1606. between their new King and Duke John that he would rest contented with the Dukedome of Ostrogothia and not pretend unto or seek either for himselfe or his Heires any further Jurisdiction before those Revolutions should happen which were couched in the Norcopian renewed Hereditary Union as also that he had now attained the age of nineteen yeares and therefore could rightly discerne of those things that concerned his good they did hope that his Highnesse had no cause to impute any Injury unto them the rather for that they had chiefly and seriously considered what the condition of those times in that Nation required to wit That the afflicted State thereof did speedily require a Governour who could prudently steer the Kingdomes Helme and that otherwise a totall ruine would have over-flowed the Realme That they were likewise compelled by those dangerous and subite Machinations whereby the Country was continually incompassed to choose him for their King their Lord and Governor who was adorned with Prudence Experience and ripeness of years Charles the 9 th Crowned Ao. 1607. King of Suethes Gothes and Vandalls Great Prince of Finland c. c. Lastly Albeit formerly touched in their History they cannot say they but here also rememorate his most inhumane designe of murthering his Uncle at the time of his Coronation in which by instigation of the Papall Legate and other depraved Counsellours he decreed violently to deprive his Uncle of life on the first day of the Solemnity by the ministry of certain treacherous Villains as was evident out of the History of James Tipotius and by the confession of Jeronimo Strozzi and that to the same end he caused Christopher Clabon one of his Musitians to compose a Song ending with and repeating Non curo non curo c. During the singing whereof the watch-word being privily given the Murtherers should have rushed forth and most wickedly murther his Highnesse and his Train but that God by his singular providence prevented the mischief intended For these causes and reasons do the Suethes ubmitting the same to the judgement of all sincere and candid Arbitrators justifie their abdication for ever of King Sigismundus and his Heirs from the Crown of the Suethes Gothes and Vandals and their election to the same of the often forenamed Charles Duke of Sudermannia Nericia and Wermelandia whom as aforesaid they Crowned in the year 1607. by the name of Charles the ninth For conclusion to the whole wherewith we also conclude this Epitomized Narrative they earnestly entreat all Christian Monarchs Emperours Kings Princes and Electors to make a candid and sincere construction a benigne and favourall acceptation of this their legitimate defence and to vindicate them and their most equall cause against all calumny During the Raign of this King Charles which continued sundry years there were almost continued Wars between the Polanders who with the Lithuanians imbraced the quarrel of their Prince and the Suethes who resolutely maintained their owne Acts in favour of their new election Neither were they intermitted by his death for his Son Gustavus Adolphus Succeeding to the Crown of Suethland An. 1617. did so vigorously prosecute the same as the Polanders lost not onely the greater part of their interest in Leifland but likewise the best as well Maritime as inland Townes with most of the territorie of that part of Prussia belonging to the Crown of Poland Dantzig excepted with
Not consented unto The Regall Declaration Unsatisfactory to the Duke Regall assecuration Propositions made by Duke Chalres King Sigismund retires to Lincopia Letter of Duke Charles Answer Reply Another Letter from the Duke Safe conduct interchangable granted Assertions of the Suethes Further assertions Vide Exegis Historiaca Sueciae page 233 234. Treaty of Pacification at Lincopia between the King and Duke Shipping restored The King steers to Calmar in stead of Stocholme Friendly Letter from King Sigismundus to Duke Charles The Dukes answer Second Letter Ducall reply King Sigismundus requires more Ships for the transporting of his Army and sundry things to be restored The Prince was born in England An. 1565 whose Mother the Lady Cecily Daughter to King Gustavus Erickson and Sister to Erick Iohn and Charles all Kings of Suethland Wife to Christ Marquesse of Baden came then into England to visite Queen Elizabeth and by the Queen his God-mother named Edvardus Fortunatus The Duke complains of the Kings going to Calmar King Sigism excuseth his going to Calmar Promiseth a repair to Stocholme Promise not kept the King returned to Dantzig Parliament at Ienecopis The Dukes Letter and Objections to King Sigismund Letter to King Sigismundus from the Parliament of Suethland The Prince his Son invited to be there educated and to receive the Crown No answer returned Parliament at Stocholme Rejection of King Sigism His Son Uladislaus accepted of conditionally Parliamentary Letters to King Sigismundus not answered Parliament at Lincopia Dnke John declined Dukedome of Ostrogothes conferred on Duke John King Sigism with his Heirs rejected Duke Charles designed King of Suethland Gustavus Adolphus to succeed After him Duke Iohn conditionally Triall of Captivated Senators Sentence of execution Others pardoned Some but repreived Sentence in Finland against Arvidus Gustavus and Axell Kurck confirmed by Parliament Other offendors for smaller Offences gradually punished by losse of goods or Fine Second Parliament at Stocholme Duke Charles again solicites King Sigism to send his Son into Suethen No answer returned but new broiles raised Further Objections The same continued Parliament at Norcopia Heads of what therein transacted Duke John renounceth his pretence to the Crown of Suethland Duke Charles contented to accept of the Crown Hereditary union renewed reformed Duke Charles pronounced King and his eldest to succed The younger to enjoy his Fathers Dukedomes Male issue of the eldest failing the second to succeed That also failing in him Duke Iohn to inherite the Crowne The Female Regall and Ducall issue adopted into the succession This hath reference to the fore-cited Parliamentary conclusions at Stocholme the seventh of March 1590. but is here imperfect in the Original as wanting the words Eldest unmarried as is there expressed Provision for younger Regall and Ducall daughters conditionall The daughters and sister of King Sigismund rejected No Prince of a contrary religion to inherit Such or Apostates to be deprived Hereditary Princes prohibited marriage with an wife of contrary religigion All seduceâ—s of Princeâ— to a contrary religion to be punished as 〈…〉 s. No hereditary Prince to accept of another Kingdome unlesse to live in the Patriall Soile Oration of Duke John in Resignation of his right Warrs between King Sigismundus and King Charles Continued by his Son Gustavus Adolphus Death of Sigismundus Uladislaus his Eldest Elected and Crowned A second treatie instituted Preface to the treaty The Mediators Englands Ambassador arrives at Dantzig Writes to the Commissioners of the Crownes interessed Answer of the Polanders The Suethes complained of The Suethes answer with reciprocall complaints The Treaties commencement Elector of Brandenburgs Ambassadors Commissioners of Poland Commissioners of Suethland Meet at Holland town in Prussia Interchangably exhibite their respective Plenipotentiaries and agree upon a second meeting His Lordship came to Holland Desects in the Suethish Procuratories The like in those of Poland Rupture appearing the parties depart The Mediators repair to the Suethes at Elbing Condescention of the Suethes conditionall Commissioners of Poland return to Warsaw His Lordships receives invitation to come to Warsaw There was but one and that for his Lordship He contracts sickness Difficulties about the place of treaty Mariemburg appointed to be the Mediators residence The Mediators meet and consult Repaire to the Suethes The conclusion certified to the Polanders The Subdelegates meet Difficulties about the place for the generall meeting The Mediators return to the Suethes Their propositions Not admitted Objections His Lordship repaires to the Polanders Their conditional conclusions Englands Agent sent to the Suethes Their finall resolution Intimated to the Polanders who promise complyance Instrument oâ— Security renewed The Ambassadors of France and Holland come to Mariemburg The Mediators intervisite and joyntly repaire to Stumbsdorff the place of Treatie The parties arrive Meane used for avoyding competitions Proposition Not consented unto Demand made by the Suethes Answer and demand of the Polanders Result of the Mediators Accepted by all That dayes conclusion The Mediators meete His Lordships proposition in Order to the whole matter The other Mediators deliver theirs The result The new Procuratories interchangably communicated new difficulty about the Title Reconciled Scope of the Procuratories Polish Protest The Suethes Protest Procuratoriall difficulties removed Former result communicated to the parties Suethes answer Negatively The like given by the Polanders Offer made by the Suethes The Poles desire respite The same granted The Suethes therwith offended The former offer waved by the Poles as insufficient Five other mediate means propounded Taken by the Poles into deliberation Rejected by the Suethes Reply of the Poles in point of resignation The Suethes refuse to meete His Lordship goes to the Suethes They consent to meete Certaine greivances complained of by his Lordship and the Hollanders to the Suethes Their answer The Polanders persist as before The Parties willed to propound The Suethes enter into passion Those of Poland add ten other Articles for a supplement to the former Things tending to a breach the Mediators desire respite Finall declarations demanded by the Mediators from the Parties The Suethes decline to declare further The Polanders likewise and give their reasons The Suethes againe incensed At end the finall resolution at their quarters A meeting with the Mediators desired by the Poles Prolongation of the Truce desired Result of the Polanders conditionall Prorogation of the Truce assented unto Purport of the Prorogation Continuation of Sequestrations insisted on by the Poles but refused by the Suethes The Prorogation signed The Mediators vepair to the King Their overtures uneffectuall The Poles desire a meeting with the Mediators Declaration ur 〈…〉 Ultimate result of the Polanders Treaty for finall Peace in termes desperate Complaints of the Poles D. Radzivils departure for Littaw A longer Truce insisted on The Suethes Declaration in point of longer Truce The Poles re 〈…〉 to the King Argument â—â—â—d by his Lordship Misconstrued The Suethes again in heat Yet ca 〈…〉 ed and contented to meet The Kings conde scention
first heat over-passe or that his main and much of businesse for such an inch of time at his first interviews diverted him That King understanding within few daies that some of the Enemies Forces intended an On-slaught into his Quarters or bound upon some other private if not the like designe gave order for two thousand Horse to be in a readinesse the next morning a sure signe that himself would command that party which was done accordingly and himself already in Coach the Lord Ambassadour then present who had discoursed with him of other Affaires being about to take leave moved the release of our Lievtenant Colonel but the King suddainly passionate gave him an answer so lofty and trenching upon his Master as might have been better spared and shall therfore be here omitted Nor was his Lordship wanting to reply in such a manner as became his Courage and like a person of honour representing his Prince As the great Gustavus was subject to flashes of passion which were the onely Clouds in his Hemisphere and therby would not seldome give offence so had he those speedy recollections the best badge of a good disposition as permitted him not to retain them but that present acknowledgment and satisfaction ensued as indeed it did here and so fully as was not little from a Prince succesfull and great in Armes and Renown which usually elate even most equally tempered Spirits But as the expressions that were distastfull so likewise the acknowledgment shall be here forborne there being the same reason for the one as the other Only this may be said that before he left the City he commanded our Duglass to be in larged The King being gone whither the Emergencies of his Affaires called him and no expectation of his return his Lordship who had as may be conceived improved his time for the delivery of what he had in charge resolved neither to follow nor expect him back but to repaire for England as he did soon after accompanied by the Lievtenant Colonel who for some time whilest at Englands Court was by his honourable Patron made known and recommended not only to the great Ones but to the King likewise The King of Suethen returning back to Noremberg and after severall accidents incident to War by the accession of a gallant Army consisting of six and twenty thousand fresh men conducted by the Reicks Chansellor Oxienstierne the two Brothers of Saxon Weymar the Landtgrave Will of Hessen and General Banier having re-inforced his own before Coopt up in a manner by the numerous powers of the Imperiallists did now range more at large and the Forces of both sides came so neer each other as they could not part without a Battell which was soon after fought neer unto a Town called Lutzen where the Imperiall Army commanded by the most Imperious Wallesteyn Duke of Friedland had the advantage of the ground w ch the Sueths were constrained to gain from them at push of Pike and had the better The Sun befriended neither party being all the morning as unwilling to behold that daies effusion of blood obscured by a Mist when 〈…〉 omenie another of the Austrian Generals brought to the imperialists relief two thousand fresh Horse the Riders all clad in hard Iron which the Royall Sueth perceiving taking with him a strong party he called to the Duke of Saxon Lawenburg saying Cosin let us charge those black men home for those are they will otherwise ruine us which himself did in person so vigorously by leading on his owne Troopes to the hottest dispute of that whole day as he brought Victory to his own side but purchased at a sad and dear rate even the life of that great Heroe On the Imperiall side beside many others was Felt Marshall Pappenheim Slaine one of the most esteemed Commanders amongst the Imperiall Generals and of the most honourable deportment toward those whom the chance of War did cast into his hands who is also said to have been fore-told that the King of Suethen and himself should fall both in one day Thus died the Renowed Gustavus of Suethen in the bed of Honour if he may be said to die whose Fame cannot His loss was for the present prudently concealed by the Cheiftains who were neerest to his fall amongst whom was Duke Bernard of Saxon Weymar who that day gave a fair encrease to the glorious repute he afterwards constantly maintained and the Kings death by the great courage and gallant conduct of himself and the other Commanders who were then next unto the King was so well revenged as that the Suethes remained not only Masters of the Feild and of the dead bodies but likewise so dissipated the Forces of the Enemy as they could not in a long time recollect such another Army This Prince being thus taken away in his flower and strength of years it was a good space of time ere the neighbour Nations would beleive he was not still in the number of the living as if so great a person could not have moved hence but that like an universall Earth-quake he must have borne a whole World before him Reports were various according to the affections and disaffections of men to his Person and Greatnesse and it is truly affirmed that at the Court of England Wagers were layed of his being alive sundry months after the first news of his death But ere long it was confirmed that his great Soul having quitted the inclosure of his body had changed his Militancy here below for a Mansion more peaceable and Glorious above and had verified that saying of the Divine Spirit by the Kingly Prophet who having recorded that the great Ones of the World are Gods hath neverthelesse pronounced that they shall dye like men and that Princes shall fall as others The King of Bohemia did not long overlive the loss of this second Alexander but deceased soon after at Mentz His eldest Son Charles Lodowicke Prince Elector Palatine being then in Minority his Uncle the Duke of Simmern was by consent constituted Administrator of his right in the Palatinate The death of King Gustavus who whilest living had been the Head and Director General of the Protestant League in Germany and so entitled notwithstanding that his losse was alleuiated by Victory caused a great alteration in the affaires of that confedracy and in the Councells of the Princes thereof so that it behoved them to call a Dyet or Generall Assembly as they did soone after at Heylbrun in the Dukedome of Wertenberg consisting of foure Principall Circles of the Empire viz. the Franconian Suevian with the upper and lower Circles of the Rhyne there were personally present the Duke and the Administrator of Wirtenberg the Marquesse of Baden the Count of Hanaw with most of the seventeen Earles of the Wetteraw Lodowich Phillip Duke of Simmern Administrator of the Palatinate for his Nephew the Prince Elector Palatine then of under years had there foure
France The only meer stranger to the blood in all the Catalogue of the Polish Kings who secretly deserting that Crown and Kingdom upon notice of the death of his Brother Charles the nineth conveyed himself privily into France where An. 1574. he succeeded by the name of Henry de Valois his Raign in Poland not during one whole year Sigismundus Augustus had left albeit no Sons to whom that Crown might accrue two Sisters of whom Anne the elder was wedded to Stephen Bathor Prince of Transilvania an unequall Match her years much exceeding his considered He was therupon chosen King of Poland An. 1579. having been also recommended to that Crown by Amurath the third then Emperor of Turkie which administred occasion to the proud Sultan of boasting that he had given the Polanders a King During the Raign of Sigismund Augustus John Duke of Finland brother to Erick King of Suethland had been sent into Poland to treat a Marriage between his Brother and Catherine the second Sister of the said Sigismund but upon his Brother Ericks mean and unworthy matching with another himself espoused that Princess in the year 1562. by means wherof Sigismundus their first-born being descended from the Jagellonian Regall Race was upon the death of Stephen preferred before all the other Candidates as the Duke of Parma the Arch-Duke Ernest of Austria the Wayvode of Transilvania and his Kinsman the Cardinall Bathory to the Scepter of Poland and was there Crowned during the life of his Father John who having seised his Brother King Erick whom he kept in Prison untill his death then raigned in Suethland as will appear more particularly when the Suethish Princes of the Gustavian Race shall be deduced which now follows in order to the matter in hand Suethland according to Bureus a Native there is a most ancient Kingdom the people wherof issue from that Scandia or Scandinavia comprehending the two Northern Countries of Suethen and Norway Ancient Writers have called the same the Shop of Nations and some have tearmed it the Magazine or Storehouse of People for from thence flowed not only those Warlike Suevians Normans Vandalls but likewise the Terrors and Tamers of the World the Stock or Race of the home-bred Goths and Suethes the Visi-gothes or Westro-gothes and Ostro-gothes who having penetrated into sundry Realms and wearied out not a few of the Europaean Kingdoms with often renewed Wars seated themselves at last in Spain where they continue even hitherto their Empire Gothland if I may use the words of Johannes Magnus seated between the Suethes and Danes too mighty and scarce ever well agreeing Nations fearing least if the same were infested by both it should be constrained to an unequall defence did enter into a perpetuall conjunction of Amity and Society with the Suethes either in regard of their Potency or the conformity between them of dispositions and manner of living Thus far he Jornandes according to Bureus writeth that Rudolphus King of Scandia leaving his owne Kingdome went into Italy to visite Theodoricke a King of the Gothes there was as saith the said Bureus the 85. King of the Suethes It is likewise apparent say their Authors that the Gothes were in Graecia and Thracia before the time of Alexander the Great whom he pronounced were a people to be shunned They were also before the birth of Christ a terrour to the Romans by means of whom they dared not to extend their bounds beyond the Danubius And even the Romans themselves not concealing the Military vertue of others that they might extoll their owne have recorded to posterity how the Visi-gothes and Ostro-gothes had like a deluge overflowed other Nations under their severall Princes the Theodorick's Attalarick's Totila's Tesa's Radagir's Alarick's Attulph's Sigerick's Villia's Roderick's and other like cognominations The same Author saith further that from the time of the first introduction of Monarchie amongst the Suethes both the Nations viz. they and the Gothes were subject mostly to one and the same Prince and became as one and the same people and howbeit that sometimes through emulation they might have distinct Princes yet those breaches were seldome long lasting but they re-peiced and renewed their former concord with mutuall force opposing each others enemies Neither may it seem unworthy of recordation that the Gothes who were so famous amongst all Nations for warlike fortitude as in a manner they became formidable to most in Europe did neverthelesse so farre submit unto the Suethes remaining in their Native soil that as the most ancient Laws of the Westro-gothes affirme the power of electing or rejecting a King for both those people 's remained unto those of Suethland Alphonsus Carthaginensis doth also assert the same saying albeit the Gothes did many times divert to other parts people their Rulers who had the government of the whole Nation remained in Scythia now what that Scythia is Rodoricus Sancius doth explain saying that Isidorus other writers agree concerning the originall of the Gothes that they are of the Island of Scandia to wit Scythia Septentrionalis And A. Kranizius treating of Suethen in his first Book and first Chapter comprehends the summe of those things which were performed by the Gothes after the time of Alexander the Great in these words The renowne of the Gothes in remote Military expeditions was great and famed with most losty Titles for that in contestation with the Romans then most Masters of the knowne world somtimes repressed they rested quiet but other whiles they afflicted the Romans with greater blowes and not seldom retired on equall terms And at last treading the Roman Empire under foot they overspread Italy and having sackt Rome kept there their Kingdome many yeeres They infested Gaule layed the foundations of their Monarchie in Spaine and have from thence derived a Stock of most noble Families of Princes So farr he Wolfgangus Lazius relates that out of those Septentrionall Islands many and great Bands went frequently toward their people the Visi-gothes who had planted themselves in France and the Ostrogothes seated in Illyrico and Italy yea that before the distruction of Troy sundry of the Gothes being as then in Thracia severall Colonies removed toward them Nor were those expeditions undertaken constrainedly but they allured with the successe of their Compatriots in forraigne parts and w th the fame of their exploits did emulously flock unto them which being observed by the then Kings of Suethes and Gothes Lawes for preventing the utter desertion of the Originall territory were there enacted that no persons abandoning their native soile should retaine any inheritance therein and that in regard of the uncertainty of the death abroad of such as so removed and for avoiding the intricacy of contention between their nearest of bloud he who so departed should be reputed as dead from that very hower and his nearest kinsman possessed of the inheritance And therfore it seemes not consentaneous to reason that the Originall Seats should be subject to the
having administred the least occasion therunto That thereafter they would choose such a King and Lord as should maintain and govern them according to the pure word of God and the Suethish Lawes Thus much out of the Act it selfe concluded the twenty fourth of July 1599. whereunto the further curious are referred I shall onely adding as a preparatory to the next ensuing Parliament that in this it was degreed that when his Highnesse the Duke should return from Finland whether the troubles there did call him they would again convene in place convenient for the triall of those Counsellours and others then Prisoners and on the guilty inflict deserved punishment and that the Duke and they had resolved for the cleering of themselves before all Christian Monarchs and the whole World that they proceeded not otherwise in that Affaire then right and justice required to entreat certain Electors and Princes of Germany to send some men of probity and integrity into Suethland not as Judges of controversies but as Auditors onely But if those Ambassadors did defer their coming that themselves would then proceed This Parliament ended they without delay by Letters of the thirtieth of the said month advertised King Sigismundus of what had been therein concluded and humbly desired his Majesty to declare himselfe within the time limited But to these Letters say they he returned no answer Whereupon another Parliament was indicted at Lincopia against the month of March in the yeare 1600. In this Convention the whole Orders of Suethland as in the former they had done did expresly and absolutely renounce King Sigismundus and his Government as also his Son for himselfe and Posterity in case of his not being sent into Suethland within the time specified in the former They thereupon do likewise cleer his Highnesse from affecting the Soveraignty or its Title notwithstanding the tender thereof unto him and confirmed him for their Governour during the absence as also the minority of the Prince if he should come within the time five months whereof were yet unexpired And albeit as they in the nineth Section or Pause of that Act do acknowledge Duke John the Brother of King Sigismundus was the next in right unto the Crowne according to the severall times fore-mentioned hereditary Unions yet did they decline him fearing least when he had attained the Regall Chaire he might moved thereunto by naturall affection to his Brother or his Heirs enter into such Covenants and make such transactions as might be destructive to themselves and to the Country by joyning with them to revenge upon Duke Charles or his Successors those things which in those turbulent times had been acted in reference to King Sigismundus and his Family and so the latter evill might be worse then the former And therefore they unanimously decreed that the said Prince John should have the Dukedome of Ostrogothia formerly designed for his Uncle Duke Magnus conferred upon him with certain reservations and equall compensations for the same therein expressed The said Prince to rest therewith contented without pretending to any other part in the Kingdome Hereditary Goods expected which by paternall or maternall Inheritance might be devolved unto him yet with certaine restrictions therein contained And as in the eight Section or Pause of the said Act they repeat the Motives of their defection from King Sigismundus as his deserting the Evangelicall and embracing the Papall erroneous Profession his endeavouring to obtrude the same upon that Kingdome his departure from thence severall times without their privity after he had brought a numerous forraign Army into the bowells of the Country against all right naturall affection and the Lawes of that Nation and had by severall other waies acted contrary to his Oath and assecutoriall Letters as also had not daigned to answer one sylable to their humble desires and assurance of committing the Soveraign rule of Suethland unto his Son if transmitted for due Education within the prefixed time For which causes they likewise renounced his Son and all other his Heires and Successors depriving them of all Jurisdiction otherwise by the Hereditary Union rightly belonging unto them so as neither his Majesty nor any of his Progeny should thereafter obtaine any right unto the Suethish Diadem withdrawing themselves from all Obligations wherein they were tyed to his Majesty and his Heires as also renouncing all fidelity security and assistance formerly exhibited to his Majesty So in the twelfth Pause or Section of the same they approve of and confirme Duke Charles for their future King promising unto him therby unanimously and with one assent obedience fidelity security and their utmost assistance as to their naturall and beloved Lord and King yea that albeit he should refuse to accept the Crown and whether the Coronation Ceremonies should be performed or not they would neverthelesse acknowledge and observe him as their lawfull Lord and King They likewise bound themselves in that Act that after the death of Duke Charles they would render and perform the like obedience unto his Son the Prince Gustavus Adolphus and to his Heirs Males so long as any of them should survive But they sailing the Royall Scepter to come to Duke John afore-named Provided that he and his Successors were obliged not to enter into any Union or confederacy with King Sigismundus or his Heirs especially relating to any share or government in that Kingdome and that he nor they should in no sort adhere unto the Romish erroneous Doctrine Concerning their establishment of Church-service as also their Treaties to be had with the Russian and those of Lubecke the curious are referred to the Act wherein also provision was made for dispatch of Juridicall Suites Scrutenies into the publike Revenues of the Crown Setling of certain numbers of Horse and Foot in each Province to be ready upon emergent occasions their constant Salaries and Sustentation whilest remaining at home to be out of the Crown Revenues onely but when the whole Forces of each Province or any part therof should move in Military expedition against the Kingdomes Enemies each Province to furnish their proper Souldiers with Provision or Maintenance during the expedition that so each might be assessed for their own Militia and not burthened with that of any other And that forasmuch as each Province had not equall number of Souldiers no more then equall frequency of subsidiary Inhabitants it was ordained that the Assesments for the maintenance of the Army should be equall in each Province wherby the Inhabitant of one Province might not be liable to a larger Military contribution then one of another Province and if the Military number in one Province were greater then its proper contribution could maintain during the expedition the defect was to be supplied out of the Crown Revenues of that Province wherby the Souldier might out of the same Province be provided of necessaries during the expedition This Decree to be perpetually observed whether the
great Brittaine by reason of his travells in sundry yeares Militiating abroad before his said employment and of his death immediately ensuing the same which prevented his returne He was Native of Scotland and descended from that branch of the honourable house of the Duglasse entitled the Baronnie of Torthorrell being Son to Sir George Duglasse Knight whose Father whilest living had been and whose brother then was Lord thereof His Mother was of the house of Dundass a Family of good repute in that Nation as being both Ancient and Noble His Father came into England either with or soone after King James bringing with him his Children whether his Lady were then living I cannot say George of whom the present mention is made James and Martha Since married to Sir James Lockhart of Leigh in Scotland and then of the privy Chamber in Ordinary to the late King His Education after some yeares spent in the Schooles was at the Universitie of Oxford if information erre not and he so much a Schollar as that the Latine tongue was familiar to him both by speech and pen not onely for Ordinary but likewise for Elegant expressions Neither was he ignorant of the Greek But thinking the Schooles an over soft course of exercise he left them and betook himselfe to Armes as more Suitable both with his Complexion and disposition He began his apprentiship and continned his progresse in that honourable profession under that great and excelling Tutor in the art of war the Invincible Gustavus Adolphus for whose service he first transported a Company of Foot of his owne Nation into Suethland about the yeare 1623. Under the Banner of that great Warriour whom I have rightly tearmed invincible as both living and dying such he served sundry yeares And that Prince being no Prodigall of Military preferment he attained onely to the degree of Lievtenant Colonell of a Regiment of Foot by which Title we will now call him untill Providence give him another whereof Sir James Ramsay was Colonel the same Bamsay who so gallantly afterwards for some yeares defended Hanaw against the whole Imperiall Force in those parts untill releived by the then General Major Lesley now Earle of Leven and the said Colonel lying wounded of some hurt he had received at the Seige of the strong Castle of Wirtzburg if my relation faile not his Lievtenant Colonel Commanded the Regiment and at the taking of Creutznach a strong Town in the Palatinate was by the King Ordered to secure the same from those insolencies that might arise from the Souldier which he did with such celerity and satisfaction as that the King who entred soone after did in his owne breast designe him to be Governour of that important place Sac M is Regn or Sveciae etc or Senator et Cancellarius ad Exerc et per German SumÌ„a cum potest Legatê° ibidq foeder is Evang Direct or Ill mê° Dn. D nê° Axelivs Oxenstierna Lib Baro in Kymitho D nê° in Fiholmen et Tydoen etc Eques It may be thought that our Lievtenant Colonell had cause to rest contented having received ample satisfaction by a preferment so honourable which also might have proved but a step to greater But he who likewise was not exempt from the boy lings of passion was resolved to admit of no reparation as not enduring ought which he conceived to be an affront from what hand soever it came Or rather we may more Christian like conclude that God who had numbred his dayes having decreed that before his Exit hence he should quit those Courses that impelled to the effusion of bloud and enter upon such as were more acceptable to himselfe by being instrumentall in preventing the same in others and that having been sundry yeares usefull in Warrs which the spirit of discention raiseth between Princes he should close up the remainder by being actually instrumentary for peace between jarring Kingdomes The same God I say who createth the fruit of the lips Peace and is the Lover and Author of Peace and Concord had otherwise disposed of him The Commission for the foresaid Government was tendred unto him but the meanes being appointed to the end by providence designed was by him refused and a pass demanded which the Chancellour enquired into the cause of telling him withall he could not grant it yet Duglass still persisting the Chancellour who loving him had used both reasons and perswasions to divert him from his purpose and could not prevaile afforded him a Foreloff being a concession of vacancy for some time from his charge during which he might repair to the King obtain his pass if it should be thought fit About the same time Sir Henry Vane Knight Comptrollor of the household to the late King and one of his privy Counsell being by him sent his Ambassador Extraordinary to the King of Suethen and then upon his journey toward that Prince came to Erancfort aforesaid To him our Lievtenant Colonel makes his addresse desiring that under his protection he might repaire unto the King from whom his Judgment might suggest unto him he could not but expect a frown which favour was not denied by his Lordship who having refreshed himself and his Train there for some daies set forward accompanied by our Lievtenant Colonel and in short time arrived at Noremberg where the King of Suethland with his Army then lay The first presentment Duglass made of himself was at the instant of his Arrivall in the Tennis-Court of Noremberg wherein the two Kings of Suethland and Bohemia were then exercising themselves And here it may be conceived not unlikely but that the Chancellour had given his great Master notice as well of the arrivall of the Ambassadour of great Brittaine as of the defection of the Lievtenant Colonel yet meerly out of his duty of acquainting the King with all passages even of the least concernment and not intentionally as may be judged to procure the Gentleman any prejudice to whom he had alwaies shewed such faire and more then common respects as he was by his Camarades in Armes frequently called either in jest or envy the Chancellours Favourite The King had no sooner eyed him but he was affected with Choller and after he had demanded of him why he was not at his Charge and by the other answered that he had none or to that effect with some other brief passages He ordered the Lievtenant Colonel to be forthwith committed which was immediatly done It may be conceived that great Brittaines Ambassadour was herewith but little pleased and might think not onely himself but his Master likewise concerned that one of his Subjects intending for his Country and to that and coming to crave his dismission under the Protection of his own Prince in the person of his Representative should therfore be restrained Yet from our Lievtenant Colonel the Relator who had it from himself heard not that he suddainly moved therin whether willing to let the
Commissioners of whom Colonell Peblitz being chiefe sate above all the Princes at the upper end of the Table all the Propositions were directed to him and he in right of the Elector Palatine had the opening of all Letters which was an absolute concession of the Electorall Title and Dignity and as great an Exauthorization of the Bavarian and his pretences as that Assembly could give For the effecting hereof the prudent intervention of Sir Robert Anstruther Lord Ambassador Extraordinarie from great Brittaine to that Dyet who had with good approbation discharged the like high trust under King James and the late King to severall Princes of Germany to the King of Denmarke as also to the Emperor Intervallatim by the space of thirteen yeares was not meanly prevalent There were present besides the Ambassadors of other Princes and the Deputies of the Imperiall Cities in the forenamed foure Circles as Noremberg Strasburg Francefort Auspurg and others the Lord Chancellour Oxenstierne also whose Title in this Dyet was Councellor Chancellor and Extraordinary Ambassador for the most Illustrious and High borne the Hereditarie Heyre and Princesse of the Crown of Suethen The restitution of the Palatinate ad integrum was decreed in this Dyet and for the regaining of some places as yet possessed by the Enemy the Chancellor engaged his word as General of all the Forces which charge he having modestly refused at the first offer accepted at the second Whereupon the direction of the whole War and affaires of State was committed unto him in the name of the Imperiall States and the Crown of Suethen Neither did this Union receive small luster by the conjunction of the French King represented by the Marshall de Feuquier's there present As also by the Declaration o◠the Duke Elector of Brandenburg which followed soone after in favour of what there transacted Account of the whole passages of that Assembly but especially of that restitutionary decree was by his Lordship upon his returne to Francfort sent into England by Mr. Richard Hurst One and the First of his Secretaries His Lordships Negotiation with the Landtgrave of Darmestadt to whom he soone after repaired for the gaining of his concurrence with that Assembly was uneffectuall albeit he left no stone unmoved But interest and ambition are maine obstacles to the attaining of just desires That Landtgrave had been much entrusted by the house of Austria and in recompence of his affection was by the same invested with the spoiles of his Neighbours Two Mannours or Lordships belonging to the House Palatine had been committed into his of his Fathers hands by the late King of Bohemia they being then good friends but disputes arising afterwards between them grew to a quarrell whereupon Count Mansfeldt invading the Landtgraves Countrey took him prisoner and so detained him certaine dayes but his liberty being regained and the Emperors affaires prospering he procured as a recompence for his sufferings a grant from the Emperor not onely of those two Mannours but of severall other Lands likewise belonging to the Counts of Solmes Isenberg Lewensteyne and others followers and domesticks of the Prince Elector Palatine The Elector Duke of Saxony one of whose Daughters the foresaid Land-Grave had Married was next Solicited by great Britaines Ambassador yet neither would he joyn in the Transactions of Heylbrun or in the attribution of the Electoral Title Dignity or Possessions to the yong Prince Palatine nor afford the Title of Administrator to his Uncle the Duke of Simmern Albeit as he professed to his Lordship he did not ommit the same out of any want of respect to the King his Master or of affection to the House Palatine but as not having then consulted the States of his Countrey which he said it was necessary for him to do before he could performe so publike an Act and that he hoped to obtaine the same by Treatie Whereby the Troubles of Germany as he conceived would sooner be ended Hereupon Replyes were reiterated but nothing save words gained The King of Suethens death seemed to have much altered that Elector from his former professed intentions But it was indeed conceived that he the rather declined those rights to the house Palatine to worke a concession from the young Prince unto his said Son in Law of the two forementioned Manno 〈…〉 s Next that himselfe might enjoy the Cheife direction of Affaires amongst the Protestant Princes of Germany which of right belonged to the house Palatine As also to thwart what the Circles had done in the Assembly at Heylbrun with the particular account of the Electorall and Land-gravian Treaties the Relator was by his Lordship sent for England from Dresden that Electors Chiefe and Residentiall City In the mean time the Confederate Princes and Cities having constituted amongst themselves a Directorium or settled Counsell for the better carrying on of the Work gave the Presidency thereof as aforesayd to the Great Chancellour of Suethen Axelius Oxenstierne as well in contemplation of the merits of that late Great Monarch as of the necessity they stil had to retaine the assistance of the Suethes untill the interest of the Princes and Cities of that Union and of the House Palatine together with that of the whole body of the Germane Protestants might be settled either by Treaty or otherwise and not the least in regard of the great Sagacity and deep insight in the managing of Affaires acquired by a long experimented practice and grounded upon the Rock of a most sound and well fortified judgment wherwith that great Personage was endowed The various successe of the Armies and their continuance drawing upon the associated Princes Circles and Cities a vast expence of Treasure wherby those Countries became exhausted and the Palatinate being upon its restitution assessed at a monthly Contribution which howbeit lesse in proportion then the other Contributary Countries were rated at that devasted Principality was not able to furnish the late King was solicited in deficiency of his Nephews Estate yet no way therto obliged by any Stipulation or other Act publike or private so cautiously had his fore-named Minister managed his Masters Interest Hereupon by the Privy Counsell of England it was thought meet that some one should be sent over to scrutinize into the condition of the Palatinate as also into the Deportments of the Suethes concerning whom I may say upon certain knowledge that during the Assembly at Heylbrun as also before and after the Chancellour made great expressions of respect to his Majesty and his Relations in Germany the reality wherof was not meanly testified by the free restitution of the Palatinate after their King had recovered the same from the Spaniard and by his promise that the Forces then before Frankendale if I mistake not and Heidelberg should not be withdrawn but re-inforced untill those two strong Peices were likewise regained which he performed at his return to Francfort by sending the Prince Birkenfeldt with six