Selected quad for the lemma: death_n
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A48390
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The life and death of Charles the First King of Great Britain, France and Ireland: containing an account of his sufferings; his tryal, sentence, and dying words on the scaffold; and his sorrowful farewel and advice to his children, and the whole nation in general.
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1690
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Wing L1992A; ESTC R216673
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16,808
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17
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The Life and Death of Charles the First King of Great Britain France and Ireland Containing an Account of his Sufferings His TRYAL SENTENCE and Dying Words on the Scaffold and his sorrowful Farewel and Advice to his Children and the whole Nation in general London Printed by J. Bradford in Fetter-Lane The Life and Death of Charles the First King of Great Britain France and Ireland THIS Pious tho' Unfortunate Prince Charles the first King of Great Britain France and Ireland was the Son of James the 6th King of Scots and Anne his Wife Daughter to the King of Denmark He was born at Dunfermeling one of the Principal Towns of Fife in Scotland on Novem. 19. Anno 1600. in so much Weakness that his Baptism was hasten'd without the usual Ceremonies Providence seeming to Consecrate him to Suffering from the very Womb. At 2 years of Age he was created Duke of Albany Marquess of Ormond Earl of Ross and Baron of Ardmanock When he was 3 years Old he was committed to the Care and Governance of Sir Robert Cary's Lady as a Reward for being the first Messenger of Queen Elizabeth's Death At 11 years of age he was made Knight of the Garter and the next Year his elder Brother Prince Henry dying he succeeded him in the Dukedom of Cornwall When he was 16 years of Age he was created Prince of Wales Earl of Chester and Flint the Revenues thereof being assigned him for the Maintenance of his Court. At 22 years of Age he was sent by the King his Father into Spain to contract a Marriage with the Iafanta but this was liker to turn into a War with the Spaniards and a Marriage was sought with Henrieta Maria the youngest Daughter of the French King In the interim of which King James died at Theobalds Sunday March the 27th 1625. And Prince Charles was immediately proclaim'd King at the Court Gate and so throughout the three Kingdoms with infinite Rejoycings His first Publick Act was celebrating his Father's Funeral whereat himself was chief Mourner contrary to the Practice of all his Royal Predecessors When he had paid that Debt he next provided for Posterity and therefore hastened the coming over of his Royal Consort whom he received at Dover and was Married on Trinity-Sunday at Canterbury Thus having dispatched the Affairs of his Family he applyed himself to those of the Kingdom in which he seem'd not so much to ascend a Throne as to wrestle with all the Difficulties of a corrupted State whose long Peace had soften'd the Nobles into Court-Pleasures and made the Commons Insolent by a great Plenty His First Parliament began June 18. At the Opening of which the King acquainted them with the necessary Supplies for the War with Spain which they had importunatly thro' his Mediation engag'd his Father in which after some Petitions and Delays they answer'd but with two Subsidies too poor a stock to furnish an Army yet was kindly receiv'd in Expectation of more at the next Sitting For the Infection seizing upon London the Parliament was adjouru'd till August when they were to meet at Oxford and at that time he pass'd some Acts that were presented to him At the next Session he gave a Complying and Satisfactory Answer to all their Petitions and expected a Return in larger Subsidies toward the Spanish War but instead of these there were high and furious Debates Grievances Consultations to form and Publish Remonstrances Accasations against the Duke of Buckingham which the King esteeming Reproaches of his Government Dissolves that Assembly hoping to find one of a less Cholerick Complexion after his Coronation This drew after it another Mischief the Miscarriage of the Designs upon Spain by rendring for want of Supplies the Fleet uncapable of attempting Cadiz And now Feb. 2d the King perform'd the Ceremony of his Coronation after which he began a 2d Parliament wherein the Commons Voted him 4 Subsidies but the Faction then forming in the Kingdom tacking it to other matters as the Ruine of the Duke of Buckingham and Remonstrances against the Government the King Dissolves the Parliament June 18. and the Bill for the Subsidies never pass'd This misunderstanding at Home produc'd another War abroad for the King of France taking advantage of these Domestick Broils began open War and Seiz'd upon the English Merchants in the River of Bourdeaux The next Year 1627 the King quicken'd by the Petitions of the Rochellers who sued for his Protection as well as by the Justice of his own Cause sent the Duke of Buckingham to attack the Isle of Rhee which partly thro' the Duke's Conduct miscarried This occasion'd the King to call another Parliament which in the begining prov'd very shamefull but the Faction labour to form new Discontents and Jealousies and are again hammering out Remonstrances to Reproach him and his Government which the King being unable to endure he Adjourns the Parliament June 26th till Octob. 20. soon after Peace was clapt up with France and King Charles the Second Born all was in Peace and Quietness till 1632 when the King took a journey into Scotland to receive the Imperial Crown there and was accordingly Crown'd at Edenburgh June 10th and return'd with great welcome again into Eungland But the Malecontents here defus'd their Poyson they complain'd of Invasions on their Spiritual Liberttes because the Bishops endeavour'd to reduce the Ceremonies of the Church to their Primitive Observance for which both his Majesty and they were defam'd with Popery And now the Tax of Ship-Money appear'd that was likewise pretended a Breach to their Civil Liberties and contrary to Law because not laid by Parliament Amidst all these difficulties and Calumnies the King hitherto had Govern'd so that sober Men could not Pray for nor Heaven grant in mercy to a People any greater happiness but for the Arts and Fury of some Wicked Men who endeavour'd to overwhelm every Part of the Kings Dominions with a Deluge of Blood The first storm arose from the North where Disputes were manag'd about Church Government till at length the King Marches that way with a Gallant Army and Oblig'd the Scots to sue for an Accommodation but they soon broke their Faith as soon as the King had Disbanded his Army which occasion'd the King to prepare for another Army and in order thereto calls a Parliament in Ireland and another in England which latter he was fain to Dissolve without any Effect The King however Vigourously Prosecuted his Undertaking and rais'd a sufficient Army but could not do it with equal speed to his Enemies so that he gave a Defeat to a Party of it e're the Rear could be brought up Commanded by the Earl of Strafford He was no sooner arriv'd at the Army himself but there follow'd him a Petition of some English Lords Conformable to the Scotch Remonstrance which they call'd the Inventions of the Army so that his Majesty might justly fear some attempts in the South while he was thus Defending himself in the
which Charge being read unto him as aforesaid he the said Charles Stewart was required to give his Answer but he refused so to do and so express'd the several passages at the Trial in refusing to Answer for all which Treasons and Crimes this Court doth Adjudge that he the said Charles Stewart as a Tyrant Traytor Murderer and publick Enemy shall be put to Death by Severing his Head from his Body After the Sentence was Read Bradshaw said This Sentence now Read and published is the Act Sentence Judgment and Resolution of the whole Court and then the whole Court stood up as assenting to what Bradshaw said King Will you hear me a Word Sir Bradshaw Sir you are not to be heard after the Sentence King No Sir Bradshaw No Sir by your favour Sir Guard withdraw your Prisoner King I am not suffered to Speak expect what Justice other People will have This pretended Court after Judgment given went into the Painted Chamber and appointed Sir Hardress Waller Ireton Harrison Dean and Okey to consider of the time and place for the Execution The King being not allowed to Reply was taken by his Guards to Sir Robert Cotton's House and as he pass'd down Stairs the Rude Soldiers Scoff'd at him blew the Smoak of their Tobacco in his Face a thing always very offensitive to him strewed pieces of Pipes in his way and one more abominable insolent than the rest Spit in his Face which his Majesty patiently wiped off taking no farther notice of it And as he pass'd farther hearing some of them by the instigation of their Officers cry out Justice Justice and Execution he said Alas poor Souls for a Piece of Money they would do as much for their Commanders Afterward the King hearing that his Execution was determined to be the next day before the Palace at White-hall he sent an Officer in the Army to desire them that he might see his Children before his Death and that Doctor Juxon Bishop of London might be permitted to assist him in his private Devotions and receiving the Sacrament both which were granted to him upon a Motion to the Parliament The same day that the Warrant was Signed for his Execution the Duke of Gloucester and the Lady Elizabeth were brought to him whom he received with great Joy and Satisfaction and giving his Blessing to the Princess He bid her remember to tell her Brother James that he should no more look vpon Charles as his Elder Brother only but as his Sovereign and that they should Love one another and forgive their Fathers Enemies Then taking the Duke of Gloucester upon his Knee said Sweet-Heart now they will cut off thy Father's Head at which Words the Child looked very wishfully upon him Mark Child what I say they will cut off my Head and perhaps make thee a King but mark what I say you must not be a King so long as your Brothers Charles and James are alive for they will cut off your Brothers Heads as soon as they can catch them and cut thy Head off too at last and therefore I charge you do not be made a King by them At which the Child sighing said I will be torn in pieces first which falling so unexpectedly from a Child so young it made the King rejoyce exceedingly On the fatal day being the 30th of January the Bishop of London read Divine Service in his presence and the 27 of Matthew the History of our Saviour's Passion being appointed by the Church for that Day he gave the Bishop thanks for his seasonable choice of the Lesson but the Bishop acquainting him that it was the Service of the Day it comforted him exceedingly and then he proceeded to receive the Holy Sacrament His Devotions being ended he was brought from St. James's to White-hall by a Regiment of Foot part before and part behind with a Private Guard of Partisans about him the Bishop of London on the on the one Hand and Colonel Tomlinson who had the Charge of him on the other Bareheaded The Guards marching but a slow pace the King bid them go faster saying That he now went before them to strive for an Heavenly Crown with less sollicitude than he had often encouraged his Soldiers to Fight for an Earthly Diadem Being come to the end of the Park he went up the Stairs leading to the Long Gallery in White-hall where formerly he used to Lodge and there finding an expected delay the Scaffold being not ready he past most of that time in Prayer About twelve a Clock Colonel Hacker with other Officers and Soldiers brought the King with the Bishop and Colonel Tomlinson through the Banquetting-House to the Scaffold a Passage being made through a Window A strong Guard of several Regiments of Horse and Foot were planted on all sides which hindred the near approach of his Mourning Subjects who for discovering their Sorrow were barbarously used and the King from speaking to be heard and therefore being upon the Scaffold he chiefly directed his Speech to the Bishop and Colonel Tomlinson to this purpose I shall be very little heard of any body else I shall therefore speak a Word to you here indeed I could have held my Peace very well if I did not think that holding my Peace would make some Men think that I did submit to the Guilt as well as the Punishment but I think it is my Duty to God first and then to my Country to clear my self both as an Honest Man a Good King and a Good Christian I shall first begin with my Innocency and in Troth I think it not very needful to insist long upon this for all the World knows that I did never begin a War with the two Houses of Parliaments and I call God to Witness unto whom I must shortly make an account that I did never intend to Encroach upon their Privileges they began upon me it is the Militia they began upon they confest the Militia was mine but they thought fit to have it from me and to be short if any body will look to the Dates of Commissions of their Commissions and mine and likewise to the Declaration he will see clearly that they began these Troubles and not I. So as for the Guilt of these Enormous Crimes that are laid against me I hope that God will clear me I will not for I am in Charity and God forbid I should lay it upon the two Houses of Parliament there is no necessity of either I hope they are free of this Guilt but I believe that ill Instruments between them and me have been the cause of all this Bloodshed so that as I find my self clear of this I hope and pray God that they may too yet for all this God forbid I should be so ill a Christian as not to say God's Judgments are just upon me many times he doth pay Justice by an unjust Sentence that is ordinary I will say this that an unjust Sentence that is ordinary I will say this