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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A26370	The life and death of Mahumed, the author of the Turkish religion being an account of his tribe, parents, birth, name, education, marriages, filthiness of life, Alcoran, first proselytes, wars, doctrines, miracles, advancement, &c. / by L. Addison ... author of The present state of the Jews.	Addison, Lancelot, 1632-1703.	1679 (1679)	Wing A523; ESTC R33059	58,749	146

to prevail against him by open War whereupon they had recours to stratagem And here Elmacinus tells us how one Zainab the Daughter of Alharit a Jewess attempted to take away Mahumeds life with a joint of Mutton exquisitely poysoned But Mahumed tasting thereof instantly spit it out saying This Mutton tells me that it is poysoned And his deliverance herein is reckoned among his Miracles as shall be shown in a Chapter of that Subject This year Mahumed proved so succesful in Arms that all the Country about Mecca and Medina were subject to or in League with him And he had propagated his Victories which were now become the chief method of proselytizing the eighth of the Hegira had not the Meckezes diverted him who all on the suddain violated their Faith with Mahumed and became Truce-breakers to their utter overthrow For Mahumed finding them to have broken their Articles came against them with ten thousand Men who were suffered to enter Mecca upon condition that they should put none to the Sword which was granted to all except a few whom he chose rather to kill than to survive to the disturbance of his new Kingdome Elmacinus saith that all the people of Mecca at this time turn'd Musulmin following therein the example of Abbas the Son of Abdulmutalib and Abusofian the Son of Harith But his success at Mecca was greatly clouded by the overthrow he suffered in the vale of Honani where the Pagan Arabians under the command of Melick Son of Ausi put the Musulmin to flight and pursued them to the Gates of Mecca where Mahumed with a Javelin in his hand opposed their entrance upbraiding them with Cowardice and biding them restore the Battel promising them the assistance of many Myriads of Angels Whereupon returning and coming unawares upon the Enemy who were now careless through success they utterly overcame them and taking Captive the Women and Children the Men that escaped afterward became Musulmin upon condition their Wives and little ones should be restored them The last Battel that hapned in Mahumeds lifé-time was that of Tebuc with the Princes of Dauma and Eila whom having overcome he received to peace upon condition of receiving from them a yearly Tribute Here great rewards were bestowed upon the Army by Osman and a numerous company of Proselytes came in unto Mahumed This hapned the ninth of the Hegira in which year Mahumed went to Mecca where having spent some time in teaching and instructing the people in his Law he returned to Medina where he died of which in the next Chapter CHAP. XV. Of Mahumeds Death and many remarkable passages about it MAhumed loaden with Military successes and through fear or ignorance the Jews and Arabians having given up themselves to his Religion himself at last was forced to yield to Mortality To which he was prepared at first by a light Fever which at length increased to such violence that in a great degree it seem'd to bereave him of his senses His carriage under this distemper was very remarkable Some say that he desired to change many things which he before had delivered and that to that end he call'd for Pen and Paper saying that he would write them a Book which after his death should preserve them from Error But Omar hearing these words cryed out Alas the Distemper grows violent upon the Apostle of God the Book of God viz. the Alcoran is sufficient for us But their disputes grew warm and some were desirous that Pen and Paper might be brought to Mahumed but Omar with many others denied it confidently affirming that the Prophet knew not what he said Mahumed moved at their strife commanded them all to depart and no farther to dispute such things in his presence So that he writ nothing which many of his Followers bewail as fancying themselves thereby to have been defeated of many things which might have proved advantagious to their Religion Mahumed finding his sickness to increase upon him and falling into the apprehension of his approaching Death Elmacinus saith that he commanded Abubecer to pray with the people and that they said seventeen Prayers in his behalf He fell sick saith the same Author upon the 28 of Sofar and died upon Munday the 12th of the former Rabiah which some affirm was his Birth-day and the same day of the week on which he fell sick But the news of his death was very variously entertained some denying it as utterly impossible conceiving him to be immortal crying out How can he be our witness with God if he be dead and thereupon affirm'd that he was not dead but that he was taken away as Jesus the Son of Mary had been before him This stirred up the Multitude to withstand his Burial constantly affirming that he was not dead Omar in this contrast took part with the people and threatned to be the death of him who durst say the Apostle of God was dead adding That he was taken up into Heaven and gone away like Moses While the contention grew violent Abubecer stept in and said Though Mahumed be certainly dead yet the God of Mahumed cannot dye but liveth for ever And then he proved his saying out of the Alcoran which sets down that as others dyed who in their several times were Prophets so Mahumed was to dye And the people all rested satisfied with Abubecers Speech and from thenceforth believed the Death of their Prophet But no less contention hapned about his Burial for those Meckezes who had been the Companions of his Flight pleaded that he ought to be interr'd at Mecca the place of his Birth the Medinezes who received him when he was persecuted from Mecca said that he should rather be intombed at Medina because it was his Asylum and refuge in the day of his Afflictions Others said it was both most convenient and laudable to carry to and bury him at Jerusalem the burying place of the Prophets But at last they all agreed that he should be buried at Medina in the Chamber of his Wife Ayscha and under the bed wherein he died He died in the 63 year of his age after he had Merchanted 38 been two years in the Cave lived at Mecca 10 and 13 at Medina Phatema was the only Child that survived him who lived but forty days after him He had seven Wives besides Concubines He was unsatiable in his Lusts and so enormous therein that he spared no Mans bed The filthiness of whose life was a plain demonstration of the falseness of his Prophecy according to the rules of trying false Prophets laid down by Maimonides in Moreth lib. 2. cap. 40. In the tryal of Prophet saith that Learned Jew thou art to animadvert the perfection of his person to enquire diligently into his actions and to observe his conversation but the chief sign whereby he is to be discerned is the abdication and contemning of bodily pleasures which is the token of a wise Man much more of a Prophet and principally the filthiness of Venery By

the Mighty Alcoran They swear by it and pay it all the reverence they would do unto God And no small disputes have been raised among the old Mahumedists about the nature of the Alcoran whether it was the created or increated word of God Vathecus was for the opinion of those who held the Alcoran to be created and he writ to all the Provinces of Eyypt That the Musulmin should be of the same opinion Which Injunction was very displeasing to the Mahumedans but they were by penalties forced to embrace it Though not a few suffered Martyrdom for the contrary opinion choosing rather to dye than to hold the Alcoran was not the Increate word of God These disputes continued long and opinions prevailed according to the humour of the present Caliph that Reigned The excellent Erpenius tells us in his Notes upon the Chapter of Joseph It is incredible what Vertue Majesty and Authority is granted to the Alcoran yea what Honour and Veneration is given it by the Musulmin whole Books saith he are extant in its commendation written in so swoln and fabulous a style that no discerning Reader can peruse them without laughter First they commend it above all the Creatures and place it next to God That he that handles it irreverently is unworthy of life and is as wicked as he that contemns God They permit not any who is not of their own Religion so much as to touch it If any Musulman chance to sit upon it the sin is piacular but if this irreverence be used by a Jew or Christian it is punished with death No Mahumedan is permitted to touch it with the top of his finger until he first wash and lest any should unwarily offend therein they write upon the cover of the Alcoran in great letters this Sentence Let no Man touch it who is unclean They call it the Medicine of the Heart and hold it to be of such secret Vertue and worth that the reading of one letter therein deserves a good reward I have often doubted whether there be any true Edition of the Alcoran in the European Language since I observed how difficult it is for any Christian to obtain from the Mahumedans a copy thereof For they permit not any of a Religion different from their own so much as to touch it nor of old was it suffer'd to be written in any but the Arabique Language And at this day it is capital for a Moor to sell an Alcoran to either Jew or Christian Nor indeed are any Alcorans to be met with in private hands or exposed to sale to the vulgar In above seven years of conversation among the Moors I could not obtain the sight of one which I ceased to wonder at when it was told me How the communicating of that Glorious Book as they call it might tend to its defilement and prove fatal to any one who should be so free therewith The buying of an Alcoran was once warmly attempted by Fr. Barton a Country-man of our own who had the sight of one fair written in the Persick Tongue in Octavo and of another in Quarto written in Arabique But when he essayed to buy the later of a Hogia who taught Arabique at Pera he refused to sell it at any rate At last hearing that several Alcorans in Persick were to be had among the Dervices a Religious sort of Mahumedan Monks Mr. Barton endeavoured but in vain to purchase one and coming to Gallipolis in Greece he had news that two or three Alcorans were there in a Colledge of the Dervices But trying to buy one they ask'd Why he being an Infidel should desire to have an Alcoran He told them That he had heard many things concerning their Law and that he was very desirous to be ascertained of the truth thereof and to that end was willing to buy an Alcoran and to take a Master therein to instruct him Upon the hearing of this a Turk presently reply'd That the Infidel did dissemble and that under pretence of love to the Musulmanick Faith he designed to deride it and that he ought to be had before the Visier for his prophane attempt So that our Country-man was forced to escape privily for fear of being brought in question I shall conclude this observation with what Hottinger relates of one Ahmed Ibu Ali who being in some great want of Money pawned an exemplar of an Alcoran with other small Works both in Verse and Prose to the Duke of Sylva which the said Duke profer'd to Hottinger at the price it was pawn'd for Hottinger as himself relates was glad of the occasion to procure a Book he had so long desired who receiving it into his possession freely used it in the presence of the said Ahmed Ibu Ali without molestation or reproach But Ali's occasions drawing him out of Afrique and Hottinger's into his own Country after three years Ahmet came to Leida and there made his Application to the learned Golius whom he incessantly importuned to procure for him the copy of the Alcoran in Hottingers possession and would not desist till he had obtained from Golius an earnest Letter to that purpose This Alcoran Hottinger had illustrated with Marginal Notes out of the Famous Commentaries of Beidavi and pointed it with great industry So that by the Mahumedique Laws it was wholly become useless to the Moor and unlawful for him to receive it again Which thing being urged unto Ali he no whit desisted but with a doubled importunity desired to have it restored to him for no other reason than to have it burned that being the only lustration whereby he thought it capable to be purified from the filth it had contracted by the Christians Notes and usage In short the Moors respect to the Alcoran is so egregious that they so far honour all written Paper for its sake as to take up every little script where they find it and having kissed it they stop it up in some chink of a Wall saying It is no small iniquity that any Papers should be troden under foot in which may be written some part of the Alcoran and the Name of God That the Alcoran is writ in Metre was never questioned by any but the great Scaliger who considering the nature of the Arabique Tongue concluded it very uncapable of Ryme and Verse But upon second thoughts he grants there is to be found in it a kind of Ryme but without any tunable proportion For the word that should make up the Metre is either too near or too distant from that which should make the Harmony And those who have purposely considered this matter grant that the Alcoran is a very rude Poem and the things therein contained are so loose and incoherent that Moses Amyraldus thought them rather the ragings of a Man in a Feaver or the Enthusiasms of a Drunkard than the inspirations of God or the sentiments of a sober considerare person CHAP. XI Of the Sunè its Name Contents and Circumstances of its

are by common opinion divided into an hundred and four Books of which ten were sent to Adam fifty to Seth and thirty to Enoch whom they call Edris ten to Abraham the Law to Moses the Psalms to David the Gospel to Jesus Christ and at last the Alcoran was sent to Mahumed And all these Books of Scripture they believe to be sent from God for the benefit of Men. They believe a day of Resurrection after death and that some are predestinated to Fire by which they mean Hell and some to Paradise according to the Will of God For it is expresly said in the Alcoran There is none of you who has not his place in Paradise and his place in Inferno appointed for him They believe also a reward of good Men and the punishment of bad The Intercession of Saints It is also necessary that every Musulmin believe the Divine Pen which was created by the finger of God This Pen say the Mahumedan Doctors is made of Pearls and is of so great length and breadth that a swift Horse in fifty years cannot pass over it And it doth write all things past present and to come The Ink with which it writes is of light the Language wherein it writes none doth understand but the Arch-Angel Seraphael They believe also the punishment of Sepulchres or that the dead therein are often cruciated and of this they produce an instance of what hapned in a certain Sepulchre betwixt Mecca and Medina Thus far Gabriel Sionita The Doctrine of Mahumed in several of the particulars already mention'd is much otherwise reported by European Authors than it is done here But I have kept my self to the Orientals in this account and am induced to believe they are the fittest to be our informers as dealing in their own story and in such things as did most nearly concern them and in which we may imagine their care was to deal fairly But ere I shut up this tedious Chapter I hope the Reader will not take it ill that I advertise him of another account of the Mahumedans Religion set down by Doctor Pocock in his Learned Notes upon Greg. Abul Farajius pag. 284. c. which he cites out of Algazalius a Writer of great reputation among the Mahumedans and it is called The Interpretation of the Faith of the Orthodox which consists in these two points 1. That there is no God but the God 2. That Mahumed is his Messenger This is that Duplex Testimonium which Elmacinus saith was the Poesie or Motto of Mahumeds Seal though a learned Writer tells us out of Alkodaius that his Seal had no other Inscription than Mahumed Messenger of God which being but three words in the Arabick was written in so many lines This is the usual Devise of the Signets of the Barbarian Grandees CHAP. XVII Of the things conducing to the propagation of Mahumed's Heresie And first of his carriage towards the Christians HAving in the antecedent Chapters given a short account of the Origine and first State of Mahumedism and therein of the more remarkable passages relating to to the Birth Life and Death of the Author of that Heresie In pursuance of my first intention I am now to set down the things which are conjectured to have conduced to the first reception of that cursed Impostor among which some related to Mahumed's Carriage and Doctrine and some to the condition wherein he found Religion at his first setting up for a Prophet It has ever been the guise of the Ring-leaders of mischievous Enterprizes to gain if possible a popular esteem of their persons In which artifice Mahumed was both studious and successful For his seemingly rigid Zeal for Religion was tempered with such an affability of deportment that the very Koraishites his sorest Enemies highly commended his Demeanour though they resolutely withstood his Doctrine But that which some have reckoned for a main Engine to advance his Religion was his not suffering it like Moses his Rod to turn to a Serpent and devour all the rest For he granted a Toleration for every one had free liberty to enjoy his Worship according to that place of the Alcoran where he saith O Insidels I do not adore what you adore and you do not adore what I worship observe you your Law and I will observe mine At his first appearance under the Cloak of a divine Messenger he found a great part of the World enlightned with the Gospel and Christianity though it was greatly shaken with Intestine Heresies yet there was still that Zeal and Union of its Professors and power and activity of Civil Magistrates as render'd it so formidable to Mahumed that he could not hope to afright them into compliance Therefore during the first and weak state of Mahumedism its Author put on a modest Countenance and plausible Aspect especially toward the Christians whom he so far courted as to draw his own Tenets and Doctrine in some conformity to theirs highly praising the Person Actions and Rules of Christ and using a peculiar respect to all bearing his Name Elmacinus in the first book of his Saracen History tells us how that certain Christians coming to desire Mahumeds protection he freely granted their request conditioning onely the payment of a small Tribute He also commanded Omar to tell them That their Lives were as his Life and their Riches as this Riches That whatever befel them should befal him also This was written saith Elmacinus by the famous Author of the Book Almuhaddeb and is cited by Abunifa The same History reports likewise that when a Grandee who was a Christian came to visit the Prophet that he stood up to him in token of respect and being by some of his followers rebuked for so doing he told them The Christian was a Magistrate among his people and honour is due to men of that Quality He charged his Captains to be kinde to the Cophtites and that he would be an Enemy to that man in the day of Judgment who oppressed the Christians And to testifie to the world that his designe was not to oppress or ruinate their Religion he is reported to have made this following Covenant for the protection both of Christianity and its Professors CHAP. XVIII A Copy of the League Mahumed made with the Christians whose Original was found in a Monastery on Mount Carmel near Mount Libanus a days journey from Mecca and as some say was sent to the King's Library in France MAhumed sent from God to teach Mankinde and declare the Divine Commission in truth wrote these things That the Cause of Christian Religion determined by God might remain in all parts of the East and West as well amongst the Inhabitants as Strangers near and remote known and unknown To all these people I leave this present Writing as an inviolable League as a decision of all farther Controversies and a Law whereby Justice is declared and strict observance enjoyned Therefore whosoever of the Musulmin's Faith shall neglect to perform