of_o war_n be_v distinct_a species_n of_o treason_n four_o whether_o every_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v construe_v most_o strict_o to_o restrain_v the_o mischief_n against_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v five_o what_o be_v the_o true_a meaning_n and_o signification_n of_o be_v provable_o attaint_v by_o overt_a deed_n 1._o as_o to_o the_o first_o it_o seem_v to_o be_v out_o of_o doubt_n that_o at_o this_o day_n there_o can_v be_v no_o such_o thing_n as_o a_o indictment_n at_o common_a law_n for_o high_a treason_n though_o for_o other_o thing_n there_o may_v because_o there_o be_v no_o precedent_n of_o it_o since_o the_o statute_n 25_o ed._n 3._o for_o nothing_o be_v more_o common_a than_o for_o every_o prisoner_n that_o be_v arraign_v for_o high_a treason_n to_o demand_v upon_o what_o statute_n he_o be_v indict_v and_o the_o court_n or_o king_n counsel_n do_v tell_v he_o the_o particular_a statute_n beside_o every_o impeachment_n before_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n be_v ground_v upon_o 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illegal_a proceed_n during_o his_o father_n irregular_a reign_n and_o of_o all_o the_o oppression_n under_o which_o the_o nation_n groan_v there_o be_v none_o that_o lie_v heavy_a upon_o the_o people_n than_o the_o extravagant_a licence_n which_o the_o judge_n take_v in_o the_o interpretation_n of_o treason_n and_o this_o appear_v by_o the_o particular_a and_o universal_a joy_n express_v by_o the_o whole_a land_n at_o the_o make_n of_o the_o say_a statue_n for_o though_o he_o call_v parliament_n very_o frequent_o and_o none_o of_o they_o prove_v abortive_a of_o good_a law_n yet_o that_o parliament_n which_o be_v hold_v in_o the_o 25_o year_n do_v more_o than_o any_o of_o the_o rest_n and_o of_o all_o the_o beneficial_a law_n that_o be_v then_o enact_v the_o second_o statute_n whereby_o treason_n be_v reduce_v to_o certainty_n give_v the_o people_n the_o great_a cause_n to_o lift_v up_o their_o heart_n and_o voice_n in_o thankfulness_n to_o god_n and_o the_o king_n because_o the_o jaw_n of_o that_o devour_a monster_n be_v break_v which_o have_v tear_v in_o piece_n so_o many_o family_n and_o threaten_a destruction_n to_o the_o rest_n so_o that_o this_o statute_n be_v make_v to_o restrain_v and_o limit_v the_o judge_n from_o call_v any_o thing_n treason_n that_o may_v be_v so_o by_o inference_n or_o implication_n and_o only_o to_o judge_v upon_o that_o which_o be_v literal_o so_o within_o that_o statute_n for_o it_o be_v there_o provide_v that_o if_o any_o such_o like_a treason_n shall_v come_v before_o any_o of_o the_o justice_n that_o they_o must_v stay_v without_o go_v to_o judgement_n till_o the_o cause_n be_v declare_v before_o the_o king_n and_o his_o parliament_n and_o all_o subsequent_a statute_n of_o treason_n be_v all_o as_o so_o many_o confirmation_n of_o this_o statute_n for_o they_o have_v be_v needless_a if_o the_o judge_n can_v have_v call_v any_o thing_n treason_n but_o what_o be_v literal_o such_o within_o that_o statute_n and_o the_o statute_n itself_o have_v be_v make_v to_o no_o purpose_n if_o it_o have_v not_o strict_o restrain_v the_o judge_n and_o my_o lord_n chancellor_n nottingham_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o even_o the_o lord_n in_o parliament_n can_v not_o proceed_v upon_o a_o indictment_n for_o high_a treason_n unless_o the_o fact_n therein_o allege_v be_v first_o declare_v by_o some_o statute_n to_o be_v treason_n 3._o as_o to_o the_o three_o thing_n it_o never_o be_v nor_o ever_o will_v be_v deny_v that_o compass_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o levy_v of_o war_n be_v two_o distinct_a species_n of_o treason_n unless_o all_o treason_n be_v of_o the_o same_o kind_a but_o if_o there_o be_v several_a sort_n of_o treason_n than_o it_o will_v follow_v that_o these_o be_v also_o distinct_a because_o in_o every_o statute_n of_o treason_n which_o mention_n conspire_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o levy_v of_o war_n they_o be_v name_v distinct_o beside_o they_o be_v different_a in_o the_o manner_n of_o proof_n for_o that_o which_o be_v necessary_a to_o prove_v the_o one_o do_v in_o no_o sort_n prove_v the_o other_o and_o furthermore_o the_o one_o may_v be_v effect_v and_o the_o other_o never_o so_o much_o as_o intend_v or_o design_v as_o for_o example_n the_o king_n may_v be_v murder_v and_o no_o war_n levy_v nor_o intend_v and_o moreover_o in_o the_o one_o case_v it_o be_v treason_n as_o well_o to_o intend_v as_o to_o execute_v it_o without_o tack_v it_o to_o any_o other_o thing_n but_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o the_o other_o for_o it_o be_v in_o itself_o and_o abstract_o from_o every_o thing_n else_o treason_n as_o well_o to_o compass_n the_o king_n death_n as_o to_o kill_v he_o but_o a_o intention_n to_o levy_v war_n and_o do_v all_o thing_n in_o order_n to_o it_o be_v not_o treason_n unless_o the_o war_n be_v levy_v except_o by_o implication_n or_o inference_n and_o i_o be_o persuade_v that_o the_o want_n of_o observe_v that_o these_o be_v distinct_a species_n of_o treason_n have_v be_v the_o occasion_n of_o that_o mistake_v of_o call_v a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n a_o overt_a act_n of_o conspire_v the_o king_n death_n 4._o as_o to_o the_o four_o no_o doubt_n every_o statute_n be_v to_o be_v construe_v most_o strict_o to_o restrain_v the_o mischief_n against_o which_o it_o be_v enact_v for_o the_o uninterrupted_a course_n of_o all_o judgement_n and_o resolution_n have_v be_v according_o and_o nothing_o can_v more_o direct_o thwart_v common_a sense_n than_o to_o make_v it_o otherwise_o and_o therefore_o if_o the_o statute_n be_v absolute_a the_o more_o forcible_o it_o be_v construe_v to_o restrain_v that_o mischief_n the_o more_o true_o be_v the_o intent_n of_o that_o statute_n pursue_v for_o how_o shall_v any_o evil_a be_v suppress_v if_o the_o remedy_n must_v be_v apply_v but_o by_o half_n the_o law_n than_o will_v be_v rather_o a_o mockery_n than_o a_o mean_n to_o redress_v the_o evil_a if_o it_o shall_v not_o be_v take_v most_o strong_o against_o it_o either_o it_o be_v or_o it_o be_v not_o a_o restraint_n of_o the_o grievance_n complain_v of_o if_o it_o be_v not_o why_o be_v it_o make_v if_o it_o be_v why_o must_v it_o not_o be_v understand_v in_o that_o sense_n whereby_o the_o mischief_n or_o evil_a may_v be_v more_o effectual_o suppress_v and_o prevent_v 5._o as_o to_o the_o five_o the_o answer_n will_v be_v best_a understand_v by_o consider_v first_o the_o signification_n of_o the_o two_o word_n a_o part_n viz._n provable_o and_o overt_a provable_o signify_v to_o prove_v or_o make_v good_a by_o evidence_n argument_n reason_n or_o testimony_n overt_a have_v all_o these_o signification_n open_v clear_a plain_a apparent_a manifest_a notorious_a evident_a public_a know_v undoubted_a certain_a perspicuous_a these_o then_o be_v the_o signification_n of_o those_o word_n what_o can_v follow_v more_o natural_o than_o that_o to_o be_v provable_o attaint_v by_o overt_a deed_n be_v that_o the_o fact_n must_v not_o only_o be_v direct_a apparent_a and_o notorious_a to_o the_o point_n but_o it_o must_v also_o be_v prove_v clearly_n evident_o plain_o and_o perspicuous_o void_a of_o all_o doubt_n or_o obscurity_n and_o those_o two_o word_n be_v take_v together_o do_v the_o better_o expound_v each_o other_o and_o seem_v to_o be_v choice_a word_n and_o word_n of_o art_n cull_v out_o by_o the_o penner_n of_o that_o statute_n as_o the_o most_o expressive_a to_o exclude_v all_o implication_n or_o inference_n that_o may_v be_v make_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n these_o thing_n be_v premise_v which_o be_v as_o easy_o prove_v as_o allege_v there_o will_v remain_v very_o little_a beside_o shift_n and_o evasion_n to_o prove_v that_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n be_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o compass_v the_o king_n death_n the_o thing_n that_o be_v chief_o and_o common_o urge_v to_o
the_o king_n death_n for_o this_o be_v not_o to_o be_v provable_o attaint_v by_o overt_a deed._n first_o because_o the_o conspire_v the_o death_n of_o the_o king_n and_o levy_v of_o war_n be_v two_o distinct_a species_n of_o treason_n and_o therefore_o it_o will_v be_v very_o unnatural_a and_o too_o much_o force_v to_o join_v these_o rogether_o and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o make_v they_o one_o and_o the_o same_o thing_n that_o be_v so_o different_a and_o divers_a not_o only_o in_o the_o manner_n and_o matter_n of_o proof_n but_o also_o in_o themselves_o for_o then_o second_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o commit_v any_o other_o treason_n may_v also_o be_v call_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o imagine_v the_o king_n death_n which_o be_v never_o yet_o pretend_v three_o a_o conspire_v of_o any_o one_o treason_n may_v then_o be_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o any_o other_o treason_n four_o any_o other_o criminal_a act_n may_v then_o as_o well_o be_v call_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o conspire_v the_o king_n death_n five_o this_o be_v to_o make_v a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n treason_n in_o itself_o for_o there_o be_v very_o little_a difference_n between_o call_v a_o thing_n treason_n in_o itself_o and_o to_o make_v it_o a_o overt_a act_n of_o some_o treason_n within_o the_o statute_n six_o because_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n be_v not_o treason_n at_o common_a law._n seven_o the_o statute_n of_o 23d_o of_o eliz._n and_o the_o one_a and_o 3d._n jac._n four_o which_o make_v it_o high_a treason_n to_o reconcile_v any_o to_o the_o church_n or_o see_v of_o rome_n or_o to_o be_v so_o reconcile_v be_v enact_v to_o no_o purpose_n if_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n be_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o the_o compass_v the_o king_n death_n for_o what_o can_v tend_v more_o plain_o and_o direct_o to_o levy_v war_n than_o to_o persuade_v the_o people_n to_o renounce_v their_o allegiance_n to_o the_o king_n and_o to_o promise_v faith_n and_o obedience_n to_o some_o other_o power_n so_o that_o these_o and_o all_o other_o statute_n concern_v treason_n which_o have_v be_v make_v since_o the_o statute_n 25_o ed._n 3d._n be_v as_o so_o many_o confirmation_n of_o it_o and_o consequent_o prove_v that_o the_o judge_n can_v call_v nothing_o treason_n but_o what_o be_v literal_o such_o within_z that_o or_o some_o other_o statute_n eight_o my_o lord_n cook_n say_v that_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_n be_v not_o treason_n unless_o the_o war_n be_v levy_v in_o facto_fw-la and_o questionless_a his_o opinion_n be_v very_o good_a law_n because_o in_o many_o case_n it_o be_v not_o treason_n to_o levy_v war_n &_o à _fw-la fortiori_fw-la a_o conspiracy_n can_v for_o look_v into_o the_o statute_n queen_n mary_n 12._o and_o there_o you_o will_v find_v several_a thing_n provide_v against_o which_o be_v plain_o and_o direct_o a_o levy_v of_o war_n and_o yet_o they_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v but_o felony_n but_o it_o may_v be_v object_v that_o by_o stat._n 3._o and_o 4._o ed._n 6._o the_o offence_n mention_v in_o 1_o queen_n mary_n be_v make_v treason_n it_o be_v very_o true_a yet_o it_o do_v not_o alter_v the_o case_n but_o rather_o prove_v the_o point_n for_o first_o they_o be_v make_v treason_n by_o statute_n prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o in_o itself_o second_o because_o in_o the_o two_o next_o succeed_v reign_v it_o be_v declare_v to_o be_v but_o felony_n for_o the_o statute_n of_o queen_n mary_n be_v confirm_v by_o 1_o eliz._n 16._o and_o thereupon_o the_o argument_n be_v the_o strong_a because_o those_o two_o queen_n be_v of_o different_a religion_n three_o because_o when_o a_o thing_n be_v declare_v a_o offence_n by_o act_n of_o parliament_n and_o be_v afterward_o make_v a_o less_o offence_n by_o statute_n it_o prove_v that_o it_o be_v not_o so_o great_a in_o itself_o but_o that_o the_o necessary_a circumstance_n of_o time_n and_o affair_n require_v it_o shall_v then_o be_v such_o but_o the_o case_n be_v yet_o strong_a because_o in_o some_o case_n it_o may_v be_v but_o a_o trespass_n to_o levy_v war_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o case_n of_o my_o lord_n northumberland_n 5_o hen._n four_o he_o do_v actual_o raise_v force_n and_o such_o as_o be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o levy_v of_o war_n for_o which_o he_o be_v question_v before_o the_o lord_n and_o try_v for_o high_a treason_n but_o though_o the_o lord_n do_v find_v the_o fact_n yet_o they_o adjudge_v it_o but_o a_o trespass_n because_o the_o power_n raise_v be_v not_o against_o the_o king_n but_o against_o some_o subject_n this_o precedent_n seem_v to_o carry_v great_a weight_n in_o it_o first_o because_o it_o be_v a_o judgement_n give_v in_o the_o high_a court_n of_o judicature_n second_o because_o it_o be_v give_v so_o soon_o after_o the_o make_n of_o the_o statute_n of_o 25_o ed._n 3d._n who_o must_v be_v suppose_v to_o understand_v the_o intent_n and_o meaning_n of_o that_o statute_n full_a as_o well_o as_o succeed_a age_n the_o case_n of_o those_o who_o aid_v sir_n john_n oldcastle_n may_v be_v also_o urge_v who_o be_v acquit_v because_o in_o their_o defence_n it_o do_v appear_v that_o by_o reason_n of_o fear_n and_o to_o save_v themselves_o they_o be_v constrain_v to_o what_o they_o do_v which_o be_v ground_n for_o another_o argument_n if_o there_o be_v occasion_n because_o it_o prove_v that_o the_o maxim_n in_o law_n actus_fw-la non_fw-la sit_fw-la reus_fw-la nisi_fw-la mens_fw-la sit_fw-la rea_fw-la hold_v in_o case_n of_o treason_n as_o well_o as_o in_o all_o other_o case_n but_o i_o think_v there_o be_v no_o need_n of_o it_o for_o if_o war_n may_v be_v levy_v which_o be_v neither_o treason_n nor_o felony_n it_o must_v be_v a_o very_a unnatural_a construstion_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n to_o make_v it_o a_o overt_a act_n of_o compass_v the_o king_n death_n thus_o the_o second_o thing_n object_v have_v receive_v a_o full_a answer_n and_o likewise_o the_o first_o in_o a_o great_a measure_n yet_o i_o will_v add_v a_o few_o word_n that_o no_o doubt_n may_v remain_v if_o the_o consequence_n on_o all_o hand_n be_v due_o consider_v the_o danger_n will_v be_v find_v to_o lie_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n yet_o be_v it_o as_o great_a as_o can_v be_v pretend_v it_o must_v be_v remember_v that_o the_o law_n have_v settle_v the_o point_n and_o so_o it_o must_v stand_v till_o by_o the_o same_o authority_n it_o be_v alter_v for_o the_o rule_n in_o law_n be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v nemo_fw-la legibus_fw-la sapientior_fw-la it_o be_v pretend_v that_o out_o of_o a_o tender_a regard_n which_o the_o law_n and_o all_o subject_n ought_v to_o have_v for_o the_o king_n life_n a_o conspiracy_n to_o levy_v war_n be_v take_v to_o be_v a_o overt_a act_n of_o compass_v the_o king_n death_n to_o this_o it_o may_v be_v answer_v by_o way_n of_o question_n how_o come_v it_o about_o that_o this_o age_n shall_v have_v a_o great_a care_n of_o the_o king_n life_n than_o our_o forefather_n have_v can_v it_o be_v imagine_v that_o they_o do_v not_o understand_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o government_n as_o well_o as_o we_o do_v nor_o do_v know_v of_o what_o consequence_n to_o the_o public_a the_o preservation_n of_o the_o king_n life_n be_v can_v it_o be_v think_v that_o they_o do_v not_o impartial_o weigh_v and_o consider_v the_o consequence_n on_o all_o hand_n yet_o however_o let_v the_o defect_n be_v never_o so_o many_o see_v it_o be_v settle_v by_o law_n it_o can_v be_v alter_v but_o by_o the_o same_o power_n for_o if_o it_o may_v then_o let_v the_o consequence_n be_v serious_o debate_v of_o leave_v it_o in_o the_o breast_n of_o the_o judge_n to_o rectify_v the_o mistake_n or_o defect_n be_v the_o fictitious_a or_o real_a for_o then_o when_o a_o turn_v be_v to_o be_v serve_v the_o law_n will_v be_v sure_a to_o be_v defective_a and_o so_o in_o effect_n they_o shall_v legem_fw-la dare_v treason_n will_v then_o be_v reduce_v to_o a_o certainty_n that_o be_v if_o the_o judge_n please_v otherwise_o not_o there_o will_v be_v then_o no_o need_n of_o parliament_n 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