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A88146 Astroscopium, or Two hemispheres, containing all the northern and southern constellations projected upon the poles of the word [sic], according to the observations of Mr. Halley, which (by the help of a moveable horizon) are rendred serviceable in any latitude : the uses of which hemispheres are illustrated by variety of examples : whereunto is added, the antient poetical stories of the stars, shewing reasons why the several shapes and forms are pictures on the coelestical globes. Lamb, Francis.; Lea, Phillip, fl. 1683-1700.; Hood, Thomas, fl. 1582-1598. 1700 (1700) Wing L205E; ESTC R42465 28,413 65

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it is called a Bull. In the Neck of the Bull there are certain Stars standing together in a cluster which are commonly called the seven Stars although there can hardly be discerned any more than six these are reported to be the seven daughters of Atlas called Atlantiades whereof 6 had company with the immortal Gods but the 7th whose name was Merope being married unto Sysiphus a mortal man did therefore withdraw and hide her self as being ashamed that she was not so fortunate in matching herself as her sisters were Some say that that star which is wanting is Electra eldest Daughter of Atlas and that therefore it is so dim because she could not abide to behold the destruction of Troy but at that time and ever since she hid her face The reason why they were taken up into Heaven was their great pity towards their Father whose mishap they bewailed with continual tears Others say that whereas they had vowed perpetual Virginity and were in danger to lose it by reason of Orion who greatly assailed them being overtaken with their love they requested Jupiter to stand their friend who translated them into Stars and placed them in that part of Heaven The Poets call them Pleiades because when they rise with the Sun the Mariners may commit themselves to the Sea Others will have them to be so termed a pluendo because they procure rain Others give them this name of the Greek word Cleiones because they be many in number they be also called Virgiliae because they rise with the Sun in the Spring time likewise Athoraiae because they stand so thick together Our men call them by the name of the seven Stars or Brood Hen. The Astronomers note this as a special thing concerning these stars that when the Moon and these Stars do meet together the eyes are not to be medled withal or cured if they before their reason is because they be of the nature of Mars and the Moon Moreover there be five stars in the face of the Bull representing the form of the Roman letter V whereof one which is the greatest is called the Bulls Eye They be called Hyades and were also the daughters of Atlas who so long bewailed the death of Hyas their Brother slain by a Lyon that they died for sorrow and were afterwards placed in Heaven for a memorial of that great love they bare to their Brother The ancient Romans call the Bulls Eye Parilicium or Palelicium of Pales their goddess whose feast they celebrated after the conjunction of this Star and the Sun The unformed Stars belonging unto this Constellation are eleven 3. GEMINI the Twins consisteth of 18 stars The Poets say they are Castor and Pollux the sons of Leda brethren most loving whom therefore Jupiter translated into Heaven Some say that one of them is Apollo and the other Hercules but the most affirm the former The unformed Stars of this Constellation are seven whereof one is called Tropus because it is placed next before the foot of Castor 4. CANCER the Crab it hath 9 Stars This is that Crab which bit Hercules by the heel as he fought with the Serpent Hydra in the Fen Lerna and for his forward service was placed in Heaven by Juno the utter enemy of Hercules In this Constellation there are Stars much spoken of by the Poets although they be but small whereof one is called the Crib other two are the two Asses whereof one was the Ass of Bacchus the other of Vulcan whereon they rode to Battel when as the Gyants made War with the Gods with whose braying and strange noise the Gyants were so scared upon the sudden that they forsook the field and fled The Gods getting the Victory in triumphing manner translated both the Asses and their manger into Heaven The unformed Stars of this Constellation are four It is called animal Retrogradum for when the Sun cometh into this Sign he maketh Retrogradation 5. LEO the Lyon it hath 27 Stars this is that Lion which Hercules overcame in the wood Nemaea and was placed in Heaven in remembrance of so notable a deed Novidius saith this was one of the Lyons that were in the den into which Daniel was cast and was therefore placed in Heaven because of all other he was most friendly unto Daniel In the breast of this Constellation is that notable great Star the light whereof is such as that therefore it is called by Astronomers Bazileus or Regulus i e. the Viceroy or little King among the rest The unformed Stars belonging to the Lyon are eight whereof three make the Constellation which is now called Coma Berenices that is the hair of Berenice This Constellation was first found out and invented by Canon the Mathematician but described by Calimachus the Poet. The occasion of the story was this Ptolomeus Euergetes having married his sister Berenice was shortly after enforced to depart from her by reason of the Wars he had begun in Asia whereupon Berenice made this Vow that if he returned home again in safety she would offer up her hair in Venus Temple Ptolomy returned safe and Berenice according to her Vow cut off her hair and hung it up After certain days the hair was not to be found whereupon Ptolomy the King was greatly displeased but Canon to please the humor of the King and to curry favour with him perswaded him that Venus had conveyed the Hair into Heaven Canon attributeth seven Stars unto it but Ptolomy allotteth it but three because the other be insensible 6. VIRGO the Virgin it hath 26 Stars This is affirmed to be Justice which among all the Gods sometime living upon the Earth did last of all forsake the same because of the wickedness that began to multiply therein and chose this place for her seat in Heaven Others say that it was Astrea the daughter of Astreus one of the Gyants that were called Titans who fighting against the Gods Astraea took their parts against her own Father and was therefore after her death commended unto the Heavens and made one of the 12 Signs Others say that it was Origone the daughter of Icarius who for that her Father was slain by certain drunken men for very grief thereof hanged her self but Jupiter taking pity of the Virgin for her natural affection translated her into Heaven In her right wing there is one Star of special note which by the Astronomers is called Vindemiaetor i.e. the gatherer of Grapes This was Ampulos the son of a Satyr and a Nymph and greatly beloved of Bacchus unto whom in token of his love Bacchus gave a singular fair Vine planted at the foot of an Elm as the manner was in old time But Ampelos in Harvest gathering Grapes and taking little heed to his footing fell down out of the Vine and brake his neck Bacchus in memorial of his former affection translated him into Heaven and made him one of the principal Stars in this Constellation There is another great Star in
in this and the former Constellation that they never set under the Horizon in any part of Europe which though it fall out by reason of their scituation in the Heavens Yet the Poets say that it came to pass through the displeasure and hatred of Juno who for that she was by Calisto made a Cuckquean and they notwithstanding as she took it in despight of her were Translated into Heaven requested her brother Neptune that he should never suffer those Stars to set within his Kingdom To which request Neptune condescended so that in all Europe they never come near unto the Sea or touch the Horizon If any one marvel that seeing she hath the form of a Bear she should have a tail so long imagine that Jupiter fearing to come too nigh unto her teeth laid hold on her tail and thereby drew her up into Heaven so that she of her self being very weighty and the distance from the Earth to the Heaven very great there was great likelyhood that her tail must stretch The Unformed Stars belonging to this Constellation are Eight 3. DRACO the Dragon of some named the Serpent of others the Snake by the Arabians Aben and by Junctinus Florentinus Vrago because he windeth his tail round about the Ecliptick Pole it containeth 31 Stars This was the Dragon that kept the Golden Apples in the Orchard of the Hesperides now thought to be the Islands of Cape de Virde and for his diligence and watchfulness was afterwards Translated into Heaven Yet others say that he came into Heaven by this occasion when Minerva withstood the Gyants fighting against the Gods they to terrifie her threw at her a mighty Dragon but she catching him in her hands threw him presently up into Heaven and placed him there as a memorial of that her resistance Others would have it to be the Serpent Python whom Apollo slew after the Deluge 4. CEPHEVS containeth in him 11 Stars and hath two unformed This was a King of the Aethiopians and Husband unto Cassiopeia and Father of Andromeda whom Perseus married He was taken up into Heaven with his Wife and Daughter for the good Deeds of Perseus his Son in Law that he and his whole stock might be had in remembrance for ever The Star which is in his right shoulder is called by the Arabians Alderahiemin i. e. his right Arm. 5. BOOTES the driver of the Oxen for so I suppose the name to signifie rather than an Herdsman for he hath not his name because he hath the care of any Cattel but only because he is supposed to drive Charles his Wain which is drawn by 3 Oxen he is also called Arctophilax the keeper of the Bear as tho' the care of her were committed to him This Constellation consisteth of 22 Stars Some will have Bootes to be Arcas the Son of her who before was turned into the Great Bear and they tell the Tale thus Lycaon the Father of Calisto receiving Jupiter into his house as a Guest took Arcas his Daughters Son and cut him in pieces and among other Services set him before Jupiter to be eaten for by this means he thought to prove if his Guest were a God as he pretended to be Jupiter perceiving this heinous fact overthrew the Table fired the house with lightning and turned Lycaon into a Wolf but gathering setting together again the limbs of the child he committed him to a Nimph of Aetolia to be kept Arcas afterwards coming to mans estate and hunting in the Woods lighted at un-awares upon his Mother transformed by Juno into the shape of a Bear whom he pursued into the Temple of Jupiter Lycaeus whereunto by the Law of the Arcadians it was death for any man to come For as much therefore as they must of likelihood be both slain Calisto by her Son and he by the Law Jupiter to avoid this mischief of meer pity took them both up into Heaven Unto this Constellation belongeth but one Star unformed and it is between the legs of Bootes and by the Grecians it is called Arcturus because of all the stars near the great Bear named Arctos this star is first seen near her tail in the evening The Poetical invention is thus Icarus the Father of Erigone having received of the God Bacchus a Flagon of Wine to declare how good it was for mortal men travelled therewith into the Territoires of Athens and there began to carouse with certain shepheards they being greatly delighted with the pleasantness of the wine being a new kind of Liquor began to draw so hard at it that er'e they left off they were past one and thirty and in the end were fain to lay their heads to rest But coming unto themselves again and finding their brains scarce in good temper they kil'd Icarus thinking indeed that he had either poysoned them or at the least-wise made their brains intoxicate Erigone was ready to dye for grief and so was Mera her little dog But Jupiter to allay their grief placed her Father in Heaven between the legs of Arctophilax 6. CORONA BOREA the Northern Garland consisteth of Eight Stars yet Ovid saith that it hath nine This was the Garland that Venus gave unto Ariadne when she was Married unto Bacchus in the Isle Naxus after that Theseus had forsaken her which garland Bacchus placed in the Heaven as a token of his love Novidius will have it to be the Crown of the Virgin Mary 7. ENGONASIS This Constellation hath the name because it is expressed under the shape of a man kneeling upon the one knee and is therefore by the Latines called Ingeniculum It containeth 29 Stars and wanteth a proper Name because of the great diversity of Opinions concerning the same For some will have it to be Hercules that mighty Conqueror who for his 12 Labours was thought worthy to be placed in the Heaven and nigh unto the Dragon whom he overcame Others tell the tale thus That when the Tytans fought against the Gods they for fear of the Gyants ran all unto the one side of the Heaven whereupon the Heaven was ready to have fallen had not Hercules together with Atlas set his neck unto it and stayed the fall and for his Desert he was placed in Heaven 8. LYRA the Harp it containeth 10 Stars whereof thus goeth the Fable The River Nilus swelling above his banks over-flowed the Country of Egypt after the fall whereof there were left in the fields divers kinds of living things and amongst the rest a Tortoise Mercury after the flesh thereof was consumed the sinews still remaining found the same and striking it he made it yield a certain sound whereupon he made an Harp like unto it having Three strings and gave it unto Orpheus the Son of Cassiopea This Harp was of such excellent sound that Trees Stones Fowls and Wild Beasts are said to follow the sound thereof After such time therefore that Orpheus was slain by the Women of Thrace the Muses by the good leave of