Asia Gracchus being thus slayne and Appius Claudius dead straight way Fuluius Flaccus Paperius Carbo and Gracchus the yonger tooke vppon them the defence of the law and where the possessioners denyed their lands to be surueyed they made Proclamation that the ouerseers should acuse them of the whiche grewe a multitude of difficult matter for all the lande adioyning togither whither it was solde or deuided to their companions in warre came to bée examined how it was sold and how it was diuided Euery man had not his conueyance nor the portions appoynted them and they that had were found doubtfull And where lande should bée diuided agayne according to the order some of the owners must be put from their groundes and manors to barren séede and from frutefull and well planted places to Fennes and marrish groundes And where at the béginning of the lands conquered there was no great certentie kept now that by decrée all land diuisible must be laboured many had entred vpō their neighbors boundes whereby the forme of the places were confounded and time hadde so altered the rest as it was hard to find the wrong that the rich had done although it were great so was there nothing but confusion euery one changing chopping into others right The Italians were very much gréeued at this sharpe dealing of the commissioners and made sute to Cornelius Scipio that ouercame Carthage to be their defence againste those iniuries who for that he had had there good seruice in the warres was much gréeued they shoulde be misused wherefore he came into the Senate house where he did not directlye speake agaynste Gracchus lawe but shewed the difficultie of the matter and wished it should not be determined of them that had the dealing of it bycause of suspition but of some other that might be thought indifferent the which he quickly obteined as a thing reasonable Tuditanus the Consull was appointed to be the iudge but he entring into the cause and finding it so intricate toke in hande a voyage againste the Illirians séeking that occasion to be ridde of this They that were first appointed for the diuision bycause no man required iustice of them did nothing in the same Héere of an hatred and grudge of the people did growe againste Scipio that he woulde haue more care of the nations of Italie than of the people of Rome whyche for hys sake had dyuers tymes gotten the displeasure of the greate men and twice made him Consull before he might so be by the lawe This beyng knowen his enimies spake manifestly agaynst hym affyrming that he went aboute vtterlye to breake Gracchus lawe by force and violence whyche when the people hearde they were afrayde tyll Scipio in an euening takyng a payre of Tables to note what hée woulde say the next day was founde dead without any wound eyther by the practise of Cornelia mother to Gracchus that hys lawe shoulde not be fordone and by the helpe of Sempronia hyr daughter who was married vnto Scipio whome she loued not nor he hir for that she was foule and barren or rather as some thynke that hée kylled hymselfe bycause he could not fulfill hys promise Some saye that hys seruauntes béeyng racked confessed that certayne straunge men vnknowen to them were lette in at the backe dore and that they did choke their maister and bycause they sawe the people angry with him and to bée glad of his deathe they durst not bewray it Thus dyed Scipio and was not thoughte worthy a publike funerall although he had done so great seruice to his Countrey So muche could presente displeasure preuayle ouer benefytes passed This happe gaue courage to Gracchus faction although the diuision of landes was diuerslie deferred by the possessioners wherof some thought good that all companions in warre shoulde be called to the fréedome of the Citie to make the benefyte the more common and so leaue the contention for land The Italians accepted this very gladly and preferred the fréedome of the Citie before the lande in the Countrey Fuluius Flaccus being Consull and a diuider of land was a great doer in this matter but the Senate did not allowe that they that were their inferiours shoulde now become their fellowes so this deuice tooke no place and the people that was in hope of the diuision was vtterly discouraged till Caius Gracchus brother to him that made the lawe of landes was thoughte the most méete man to be a Tribune who since hys brothers deathe had liued in rest and though many of the Senate enuyed hym yet he stoode for the office and obteyned it with great glory He deuised to deceyue the Senate by makyng a lawe that the people should haue a distribution of a monethes Corne of the common store whiche thing was neuer séene before whereby streight he wanne the peoples heartes and Fuluius beyng his friende he was declared Tribune for the yeare to come for now there was a lawe made that if a Tribune hadde néede of furtherance to performe his promise the people afore all other should make choyce of hym and so Caius Gracchus was chosen Tribune the second time Hauing thus allured the people by his largesse he wanne also the Gentlemen by an other deuice They being in dignitie next the Senatours in the middest betwéene them and the people he turned the iudgementes diffamed by corruption from the Senatoures to the Gentlemen obiecting against them things lately committed that Cornelius Cotta Salinator and Manius Acilius who subdued Asia being opēly condemned of bribery were releassed by the Judges when the Embassadours were present goyng about and crying out vpon them with great slaunder wherof the Senate béeyng ashamed gaue place to the lawe the people proclaymed it Thus were these iudgements translated from the Senatoures to the Gētlemen When this law was made Gracchus as they report sayd he would dispatch the Senate quickly which saying was found true by that followed thereof for where the Gentlemen had the iudgements of corruption banishment and diffamation whyche they vsed extreamely ouer the Romaines and the Italians yea the Senatours themselues all the Gentlemē were like Princes extolled and the Senatoures like slaues deiected beside forth the Gentlemen ioyning with the Tribunes in elections to gratifye them againe in euery thing they would The Senatours were fallen into so great a feare as though the state should streyghte haue bin changed they only hauing the name and the Gentlemē the authoritie who in processe of time did not only ouerrule the Senatours but did them open spight against all lawe They dealte with matters of corruption and felte so of continuall gayne as they vsed theyr authoritie more rigorouslye and moderately They brought in priuie accusours against the rich and by their faction and force ouerthrew the lawes of corruption so as the custome of triall of iudgementes was vtterly ouerthrowne and a new disturbance concerning lawes
AN AVNCIENT Historie and exquisite Chronicle of the-Romanes warres both Ciuile and Foren Written in Greeke by the noble Orator and Historiographer Appian of Alexandria one of the learned Counsell to the most mightie Emperoures Traiane and Adriane In the which is declared Their greedy desire to conquere others Their mortall malice to destroy themselues Their seeking of matters to make warre abroade Their picking of quarels to fall out at home All the degrees of Sedition and all the effects of Ambition A firme determination of Fate thorowe all the changes of Fortune And finally an euident demonstration That peoples rule must giue place and Princes power preuayle With a continuation bicause that parte of Appian is not extant from the death of Sextus Pompeius second sonne to Pompey the Great till the ouerthrow of Antonie and Cleopatra after the vvhich time Octauianus Caesar had the Lordship of all alone 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 JMPRINTED AT LONDON by Henrie Bynniman Anno. 1578. ¶ TO THE RIGHT HONOrable his singular good Mayster Sir â—â— Christopher Hatton Knight Capitaine of the Queenes Maiesties Garde Vicechamberlaine to hir Highnesse and one of hir Maiesties most honourable priuie Counsayle WHAT care the almightie King of Heauen hathe of the Princes and States of the earthe though sacred Scripture did not teache vs Prophane doctrine might instruct vs. Homer shevveth that God throvveth his shielde in the vvarre to defende the Prince from harme and that he appoynteth to euerye gouernour a peculiar God for his protection Hovv God plagueth them that conspire againste theyr Prince this Historie declareth at the full For of all them that coniured against Caius Caesar not one did escape violent death The vvhich this Author hathe a pleasure to declare bycause he vvould affray all men from disloyaltie tovvard their Soueraigne The greatest seruice that men can doe is to saue theyr Countrey from daunger The Romanes gaue him a crovvne that saued one Citizen Then hovv many crovvnes deserueth he that helpeth to saue a number They vsed to make a coyne for his commendation vvith this inscription The Senate and people of Rome for Citizens saued Cicero vvas called Father of the Countrey bycause hee kept it from decay All they that in theyr consultations do seeke the like benefite to their Countrey doe deserue the like revvard and prayse and in the testimonie of good meÌ„s hearts they are sure to haue it Then seeyng this Authoures onely purpose is to extoll the princely rule and to procure the safetie of the people I haue presumed to make a presente of hym to youre Honoure that you being in case to do the like good maye receyue the same triumph of your desert Hovv vvorthy the VVryter is to be redde I referre it to the vvitnesse of one vvorthy Prelate of this laÌ„de vvho as he sayd of Plato shal suffice for a multitude Further vvith the manner of the Authoures vvriting I doe not meane to trouble you himselfe shall tell your Honour that such as be in your case may bring to passe that he desireth to the glory of God the honour of the Prince the benefite of the Countrey and renoume of your selfe Your Honoures seruaunt most duetifully bounden H. BINNIMAN The Preface of the Authour THe Romaine people and the Senate did many times contend for makyng of Lawes releasing of debts deuision of landes or electioÌ„ of officers yet was there no tumult nor vprore but onlye discorde and debates in â—iuill maner and that was done with great reuerence one to another The people on a time hauing bene at warre and falling into like contention did not abuse their armour presentlye but stept aside vnto an hil which therof was called Holy where was no violence done but a creation made of an officer of themselues whom they called Tribune of the people to be a restraint to the Consuls chosen by the Senate that they shoulde not haue the only rule â–ª in the Common wealth Of this great hatred and variance grew betwéene these officers the Senate and the people being deuided for them and styrred by ambition sought the one to ouer-rule the other Martius Coriolanus in such a conteÌ„tion beyng vniustly banished fled to the Volscians and made warre against his countrey This only feate of force should a man finde among the old strifes which neuerthelesse was the act of an outlawe But in their common metings was neuer weapon drawn nor â—iuill murder done before Tiberius Gracchus Tribune of the people and a deuiser of the Lawes did firste perishe in sedition and many moe with him taken in the Capitol were slain about the Temple Notwithstanding discorde ceassed not by this disgrace euery man being euidently bente against other bringing many times their weapons and now one officer and then an other by this diuisioÌ„ was dispatched in the temples in assemblies and in Courts the Tribunes Pretors or Consuls eyther prouoking to it or working this occasion of it Uncomely contumely of euery trifle and foule contempt of law and right did euer play a part This euil growing great manifest insurrections wer made against the state mightie and fierce armyes were raysed against the countrey banished meÌ„ striuing for restitutioÌ„ or magistrates contending among themselues for offices at home or army abroade Some there were in power like princes and as Monarkes made leaders of seditious armies some would not leaue the army that was deliuered them of the people some without authoritie would leuie straunge souldiers against their enimies striuing whether of theÌ„ should first get the Citie in word against the coÌ„trary factioÌ„ but in déede against the countrey for they inuaded it as an enemy Cruell murders were vsed in some in others proscriptions to deathe banishments consiscations torments intollerable so as no kinde of crueltie was left undone till Cornelius Sylla one of the mightie Captaines of rebellion fifty yeares after Gracchus healing euil with euil made himselfe a Monarke for a time the which kinde of officers they called Dictators vsed in most daungerous times and commonly giuen ouer after sixe monethes were ended But Sylla being in déede Dictator by force perpetuall yet in speach pretending to be elected when he had his fill of that rule alone was the first man as I thinke that durst fréely giue ouer a Tiranicall power affirming he woulde aunswere for his doings if any woulde accuse him and in the sighte of all sortes as a priuate man many times he went to the common place and returned home againe without hurte Suche a feare was there yet of his aucthoritie in them that beheld hym or an astonishmente of the resigning of it or a reuerence that hée offered to aunsweare for hys doyngs or some other curtesie and consideration acknowledging his Tyranny to haue bene profitable to the countrey Thus a while sedition ceassed with Sylla and there was a remedie of the euils that Sylla had done but after hym it began againe til Caius Caesar by election
came for then both horse and olde men muste go foorth At Alexandria being left alone to fight on the bridge and beset on euery side he threwe off his purple and leapte into the sea and being sought of hys enmmies he diued in the bottome a greate while and only sometime rose to take breath til a friendly shippe came nighe hym to whome he helde vp his hands shewed himselfe and was saued Falling into the ciuill wars eyther for feare as he did say or for desire of rule hée didde matche wyth the valiauntest Captaines in his tyme in many and great battailes not Barbarians onelye but also Romaines whiche in manhoode and fortune dydde excel and ouercame them all eyther at the firste or at the seconde battatle Hys armye not being inuincible as Alexanders for in France Câ—tta and Titurus hys lieutenants were euidently ouercome with a greate losse and in Spaine Petreius and Affâ—anius helde hym besieged In Dyrrachio and Libya they fled fowly awaye and in Spaine they were afraide of young Pompey But Caesar himselse was euer voide of feare and in the ende of euerye warre had the victorie The Romaine Empire from the weaste to the floude Euphrates by force or by fayre meanes he obtayned muche surer and stronger than Sylla He shewed hymselfe to be a King in spight of them al though he woulde not receiue the name And he also hauing made determination of other warre was taken away Besyde forth their armies were alike prompte to them bothe with a beneuolente minde and in sighte of lyke fiercenesse disobedient many times to them both and ful of sedition for their long laboures Neuerthelesse when they were deade bothe after one sorte did lament and mone and thought them worthy diuine honors They were both in body of good complexion and fayre bothe of them hadde their petigrée from Iupiter Alexander from Aeacide and Hercules and Caesar from Anchises and Venus As both were desirous to conquere with whome they contended so easy to be entreated and to forgiue them whom they had subdued and beside forgiuenesse woulde do them good also séeking nothing else but victory Thus farre they were alyke but in rising to their rule they were not of lyke power for the one rose from a Kingdome encreased by hys father Phillip the other from a priuate estate yet noble and renoumed and very néedy of mony Of tokens whiche to them both were great they were alyke contemners yet neyther of them angrye wyth the Diuiners that didde foreshewe their death The tokens were like many times to them both to like effect Twice to them bothe were vnluckye signes in the whiche the first shewed to them both doubtfull danger Alexander among the Oxidiâ—nes scaling the wall before the Macedonians being vtterly destitute by breaking of the ladders leapte boldly among hys enimies within where he was sore hurt in the breast in the necke beaten down with a mighty mace so as he was hardely saued by the Macedonians that for very shame burste open the gates Caesar in Spaine when his army was very feareful of Pompey the young and refused to go to the fight can betwéene them both receyued .ij. C. dartes vpon his Target his armye ran in for feare and shame and saued hym So the firste vnlucky sacrifices didde signifie perill of death to them both and the seconde death it selfe indéede Pythagoras a Soothsayer tolde Apollodorus that was afraide of Alexander and Ephestion that he shoulde not néede to feare for by the sacrifice he founde that both of them shoulde shortely bée dead And comming to passe that Ephestion died by and by after Apollodorus was afraide that some treason had bin wroughte againste the King and tolde hym what the Soothsaier had sayde â—e smiled and asked of Pythagoras what the token did pretende he aunswered the laste day whereat he smyled agayne and thanked Apollodorus of hys faithfulnesse and the Soothsayer of his confidence To Caesar as we haue sayde the laste tyme that hée wente into the Senate the same tokens happened Whereat he laughed and saide The like was séene in Spaine and when the Diuinour aunswered that then he was in daunger but nowe the token signifieth more certaine death then râ—lenting somewhat to this free spéeche he sacrificed againe till he tarryed so long aboute the sacrifices that he was angry and went in and was kylled The like happened to Alexander when he came from India to Babylon with his army where being nigh the Chaldeans exhorted hym to refraine at this presente to whome hée rehearsed a verse The best Prophet is he that coniectuâ—eth honestly Then the Chaldeans warned hym the second tyme not to go wyth his army on y weast side but to compasse take the City on the Easte and stay there with that they say he was content and beganne to go about but being angry at the moory and fenny way he contemned the seconde warning and went in at the Weaste Then he sayled vpon Euphrates to the floud Pallacotta that receyueth Euphrates and runneth into the Fennes whereby Assyria is kept from ouer-flowing He minded to haue defended thys floud with a wall and whiles he was sayling vpon it they say he scorned the Chaldeans bycause he safely had entred Babylon and was come forth againe to saile but it was but deferred till he came againe for then he dyed out of hande The lyke contempt Caesar séemed to vse for the Soothsayers hadde appoynted the daye of hys death â–ª and saide hée shoulde not passe the Ides of March when that day was come he laughed at hym and sayd the Ides were come but that very day he was kylled Both they despised y Propheâ—â—es alyke but were not angry with the Prophets yet they both dyed as they were tolde They were both studious of learning and vertue aswel of their own couÌ„try as of Gréek other straÌ„gers AlexaÌ„der delighted in the Brachmanes whiche among the Indians be reputed moste learned and wise men as the Magies among the Persians Caesar dealte with the Aegiptians when he putte Cleopatra in hys kyngdome wherby he directed many ciuil things in Rome among other he turned the order of the yeare being without certaintie bycause of the odde moneths for they measured it by the Moone to the course of the Sunne as the Aegiptians doe It was hys happe that none dydde escape that soughte hys death â–ª but by hys heyre receyued worthye punishemente as Alexander dydde them that kylled Phillippe hys father Howe that was done the bookes in order shall declare ⸪ The end of the second booke of Ciuill dissentions The thirde Booke of Ciuill Dissention THus C. Caesar that was most worthy of rule among the Romaines was slayn of his enimies buried of the people Of al his killers punishment how the best of them soonest receyued it this Booke the next shal declare likewise comprehende al the other
thoughte this sodaine change was not to be taken therefore he thoughte it not good to do it but to take aduice yet the souldiours cried and were angry obiecting he woulde caste them to be villainously slaine of the ennimies to whom he durst not go to talke they being vnarmed He began to desire them to abide the rest of the day in the night to passe by the hilles and safe wayes and shewed the waye and prayed them not to caste away the hope of health whiche was at hand But they reuiling him and bending their weapons against him compelled him So he being afraide went and turning him said thus Octauâ—â—s and Petron's and you other Captaines of the Romanes that be presente you sée the necessitie of my going and you can tell being with me the sowle violence that I suffer Therefore tell al other men if you escape that Crassus being deceyued of his enimies died and not forsaken of his citizens Octauius souldioures did not tarry but came from the hill The Mace-bearers Crassus put away The firste that came to hym of the Barbarians were two halfe Gréekes who alighting from their horses honored him and saluting hym in Gréeke wished hym to sende some to whome Surenas mighte shewe that he and they that were with him were without armor and weapons To whom Crassus answered that if he hadde anye little hope of this life he woulde not go to them at all Yet he sente Riscous two brothren to learne to what and howe many shoulde come whome being me Surenas deteined and with the chiefe hée came down on horsebacke What meaneth this saide hée the Romane Generall afâ—â—te and we mounted and commaunded an horse to be broughte for Crassus Crassus answered that neyther he nor they did offend For they came to talke after the maner of their Country Then Surena saide that from henceforth good peace shoulde be betwéene the Romanes and the king But the conditions must be written at the floude whither they woulde goe For you â–ª Romanes said he are not mindfull of youre couenaunts and holde forthe his right hand to him When Crassus called for an horse it shall not néede quoth Surenas for the King giueth thée this and by and by an horse was brought to Crassus trapped with gold They setting him vppe went about him and stroke the horse to go away with him Octauius was the first that tooke the bridle and with him Petronius a Tribune and then the rest stood about him â–ª the one striuing to make the horse to goe and the other to kéepe them backe and to stay the horse by the whiche a tumulte and fray began betwéen them Octauius drew his sword and killed one of the Barbarian horsekéepers an other killed Octauius thrusting him thorow behinde Petronius had no weapon and being stroke on the Curet he escaped vnhurte Maxarthes a Parthian killed Crassus they saye an other killed him and that he did cutte off his heade and his right hande This is rather coniectured than knowne For they that were present fought aboute Crassus and some were killed and some fledde againe to the hyll The Parthians went awaye saying that Crassus had his worthy punishment al the other Surenas badde come downe boldely some yéelded and some fledde by night of the whiche very fewe were saued The other were chased by the Arabians and killed They say twenty thousand were slaine and tenne thousande taken Surenas sent Crassus head and his hand to Orodes into Armenia He spreading rumors at Seleucia that he broughte Crassus aliue sente messengers to prepare a mocking sporte in iest calling it a Triumphe For one Caius among the captines most like to Crassus was cladde with a Quéenes robe and commanded that whensoeuer he were called Crassus and Generall he shoulde aunswere and was ledde on horsebacke Before him were certaine Trumpeters and Mace-bearers riding on Camelles Purses were tyed to the roddes and the heades of the Romaynes that were cutte off to the axes There folowed a greate company of Harlottes and Baudes of Seleucia speaking many opprobrious and laughing matter againste the effeminate cowardise of Crassus and al the other followed them Then calling the auntients of Seleucia togither he shewed the wanton writings of Aristides of Milesia and therein he did not lie for they were founde in the carriage of Rescius and ministred great matter to them to reproue and blame the Romanes that euen in their warres doe not refraine from suche fonde manner of writing To the Seleucians Aesopus séemeth a wise man séeing Surenas blame a bag of the Milesian ballads before him and bringing the wantonnesse of Parthia with so many wagons of Concubines behind him a certaine shewe of a newe forme of straunge fight mortall and daungerous thoughe the fore part were fayre fearful and cruell carrying speares bowes and horses at the tayle of the hoste ending with dauncing singing and saying with women and al kinde of lewdnesse Rustius was to be blamed and the Parthians shamelesse that rebuke the Milesians of the which some of their Kings called Asacides haue come of the Milesian or Ionian strumpets This being done Orodes made league with Artabazes the Armenian and gaue his sister to wife to his sonne Paecoro There were many feastes betwéen them and other friendships insomuche as they came to Gréeke pastimes For Orodes was not to learne the tongue nor the doctrine of Greece And Artabaneâ— made Tragedies and wrote Histories of the whiche some are saued When Crassus head was brought to the doores the tables were spredde Then the setterforth of Tragedies called Iason of Trallia shewed Bacchus of Euripides touching Agaue He being well liked Sillaces came into the dyning Parlour and making reuerence threwe Cassius heade into the middest The Parthians making a reioice with a showte of ioy the Ministers putte by Silaces the King commaunding it and Iason deliuered the preparation of Pentheus to one of the dauncers and taking Crassus head he sung these verses of it like a man caught with a furie We bring from the circuite of the Mountaines a newe killed game A blessed happy hunting This did al they repeate And when it came aboute agayne that the Quyre shoulde syng this Mine Mine is the rewarde Maxarthes leapte forth for he was set at the Table and tooke the head saying it appertained more to him than he that hadde it The King was glad for it was to be giuen to him with reward after the Country maner to Iason he gaue a talent After thys maner of play did the trauaile of Crassus ende as a Tragedie Both Orodes for his crueltie and Surenas for his periurie hadde worthy punishment For not long after Orodes killed Surenas enuying his glorie Phraartes Orodes sonne after Pacorus was slaine of the Romaynes and Orodes sicke of the dropsie gaue his father poyson whiche when he vnderstoode it would be consumed by a laske he left
Vxorius Crassus proude of his prouince The Parthians vvere not in the decree Lucullus Tigranes Pompey Caesar stirreth Crassus to the vvarre of the Paribians Execrations againâ—ste Crassus Curses not to be vsed Atteius blaâ—ed Galatia is Asia the lesse A iest betvveen Deiotarus and Crassus â–ª Age of Crassus Zenodotium a â—â—tie of Osrâ—â—ne Crassus sonne from Caesar Errour of Crassus Babilon the chieâ— citie of Chaldea Hierapolis is â—â—ecâ— against Lâ—odiciâ— The Godde â—â— of Hâ—eâ—apolis Nâ—tâ—â—re The Parthians message to Crassus Arsaces King of Parthâ—â— for vvhose good rule the Parthâ—ans call all their Kings Arsaces Seleâ—cia one in Syria Antiochena other at Eâ—phraâ—es third at Beluâ— The Italian text varieth A sharp ansvver Report encrea â–ª Eng feare Aâ—meniâ— is betvveene Iâ—â—rus and 〈…〉 Capaâ—â—â—â— a Region oâ— Pontus called Leucosyriâ— Sacrifices shevve euill tokens Artâ—baseâ— King of Armenia â—nd dued vvith all leâ—â—â—ng vvhom Antony took by treason and caried him in triuniphe at Alexandria to please Cleopatra Crassus refuseth good counsell â—â—iâ—â— tokens to Crassus A folish vvorde paâ—â—eth Crassus Crassus excuseth â—â—s vveakenes Crassus in a vaine hope Seleucia a plentifull place The Counsel of Cassius not folovved Acbarâ—s vseth craft vvith Crassus Acbarus deceyneth Crassus Sâ—ythia in Asia Hirâ—ania a play â— region most aboundant The Faâ—â—bian king inuadeth Armenia and seÌ„deth Surenas against the Romanes Surenaâ— is senâ— against Crassus The nobility of Surenas Orodes is brought out of exile by Surenâ—â— The text varieth Artabazes signifieth he is inuaded Orodes king of Partâ—â—â— Crassus maketh a frovvard aunsvvere Crassus misâ—iketh the iourney Arbarus deceiueth him and all the rest Arabia is tvvo parts bâ—râ—nne Assiria the furthest part of Syâ—â—â— More tokens of â—uil Balissus The Parthians manner in going to fight Surenas The beginning of disorder in the Romanes Campe. The Parthians manner in the vvaâ—â—e The Parthians reâ—â—e their shotte Yong â–ª Crassus vvith Censorinus and Mâ—gabaâ—â—us The Romaneâ— killed Romanes vnable to helpe The valiantnes of the Galatians Publius Crassus sore vvounded Carria the great â–ª in Asis Irna A noble ansvver of a yong man. The death of P. Crassus his tvvo friendes Crassus in hope Crassus perplexed The Parthians shevve their spight Crassus shevveth himselfe noble â–ª The vvordes of Crassus to comforte his souldioures A declaration of the Romanes faintnesse The fight The Parthians reste Arsaces Crassus an exemple of Fortunes mutabilitie Egnatius Carras Coponius Egnatius euill thoughte of thought hee saued his bande Romanes killed Vargunteius hys bandes slaine Tvventie souldioures are suffred to passe the enimies Surenâ— vseth an other 〈◊〉 to 〈◊〉 Crassus The deceipt of Surena Crassus deceiued by Andromachus Cassius retourneth Syâ—â—cha 〈…〉 Octauius coÌ„meth to helpe Crassus Nevve vvyleâ— of Surenas Crassus continually deceiued The souldiours compell Crassus to take the vvorst vvay Crassus to the army 〈◊〉 A 〈◊〉 of Surenas Surenas vvithout saith Aâ—aunt to the Romanes Crassus â—â—â—sed and led avvaye Octauius slaine Maxarthes Crassus killed Miserable ende of Crassus and the Romanes The number of the Romanes slaine Caius Spight done to Crassus after hâ— death Ballades founde and red in spite Aristides of Milesi Rescius Aesopus a vvriter of verses by the vvhich Surenas taketh occasion to raiâ—e vpon the Romanes Sybaritida is the vvorde signifying theÌ„ that follovve all vvantonnesse Arsacidas the Kinges house of Parthia coÌ„meth oute of Milesia League betvveene â–ª the Kings of Armenia and Parthia Barbarian kinges learned Pacoro Agaue in hir fury killed hir son A play at the bringing of Crassus heade Silaces bringeth Crassus heade Pentheus vvas the sonne of Agaue The killers of Crassus revvarded Surenas is killed of Grodes and Orodes of his son Phraartes Labinius Antonie Ventidius Antonie is made minister of diuine Caesar A Southsayeâ— Antonies Angel afraide of Octa 〈…〉 us Angel. Ventidius hath good lucke in Parthia Clepsidra vvas vvel in the castle of Athens Pacorus slaine Ventidius leaueth to do furder againste the Parthians for feare of Antonies enuy Samosata bringeth forth an earth that setteth vvater afire in that parte of Syria that is called Comagene Antonius is deceyued of his hope and returneth doyng nothing Ventidius triumpheth of the Parthians Octauius and Antonie more fortunate by their Lieutenaunts than themselues Sosius Canidius Phraartes killeth his father Orodes * This Iberia is nighe the hyll Caucasus full of veniâ—â—e from vvhence they came that novv inhabite Spaine Antonie vvoulde giue revvarde comparable to the kings of Persia Larissa there be many of that name One in Asia nighe Tralus Arethusa one in Syria another in Lubaa Hierapolis in Mesopotamia Forces of Antonie Bactrians people in Scythia of Assia Cleopatra is cause of the decay of a greate preparation Antonie abused by Cleopatra Eight furlongs maketh a myle Atropatea is part is a parte of Media Ramme an engine to beate vvalles of a cittie Antony leaueth hys artillerie behinde him Phraata besieged Antonies error The artillerie is taken and the keepers killed Statianus and Polemon be killed Artabazes forsaketh the Romanes The Parthians maruel at the good order of the Romanes The Romanes haue a victorie of smal accompt The Romaines hardly gette to their Campe. The Romaynes punished by lod Autumne A craftie practise VVinter and Hunger tvvogreat enimies Antony deceyued Antonie committeth the speeche to his souldiours another contrary to his vvonte Mardi be people in Hyrcania Mardus taketh vppon him to leade the armye the best vvay Mardus bounde The Parthians come vppon Antonie on the sodaine French horsmen Flauius Gallus The â—aâ—hencite of Gallus The sobernesse of Titius Canidius committeth a greate errour A slaughter of the Romanes Antonie comforteth his menne and they him Antonie a verye good Captaine Causes of the souldiours loue tovvarde 〈◊〉 Antony discouraâ—ed Antonies prayer The manner of the Romanes againste the Par 〈…〉 The Parthians deceyued The fight at haÌ„d The miserie of the Romanes Chaniâ— attiâ—â— coÌ„taineth 2. Sextarij and Sextarij is the sixte part of Corgâ—o Dragmâ— vvas as muche as a Romane Penny. Hearbs hurtefuâ— vvlâ—che â–ª the soldioures eat An hearbe making men mad Ten thousande Grecians passed from the field of their loste Captaine vvithout hurte Antonie soone led to hope Mithridaâ—es sent by Monâ—sâ—â— giâ—eth Antonie vvarning Antonie griâ—ued The Parthians come â—by night VVater â—â—â—tful A nevv vvaâ—niâ—g Disorder in the Romanes caÌ„pe amoÌ„g theÌ„selues Antonie in dispayâ—e A colde aire declareth a floude to be at hande Araxes coÌ„meth out of the hyll that Euphrates dothe The reioicing of the Romanes being come into Armenia Thys vvarre vvas not accoÌ„pâ—ed for lacke of Armenian horsemen Antonie taketh the king and maketh a triumph of him at Alexandria vvhiche grieueth the Romanes Illyria novv Slauâ—â—â—â— Chaonia part that is mouÌ„taines Thesprotia that is next to Chaonia â–ª Paeonia is a parte of Macedonia The breadth length of Illyria Illyrius sonne to Polyphemus Celte by that part of Fraunce that is about Lions Taulantij vvent from Illyria to Macedonia and builded Aâ—â—issâ— Perâ—habâ— fled into Aetolia Aâ—hillai Ilanders Autarians vvere most