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ID Title Author Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication) STC Words Pages
A53055 The philosphical and physical opinions written by Her Excellency the Lady Marchionesse of Newcastle. Newcastle, Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of, 1624?-1674. 1655 (1655) Wing N863; ESTC R31084 172,000 202

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for being soft and spungy there is no stop nor hold besides water being wet and wet in the nature is sticking that when those sharp points do at any time break the lines they joyn again for being fluid each part moves to each other and being wet they joyn and being circular they unite into the natural figure Thus in a plain combat water most commonly hath the better of fire if there be not too much odds on the fires fide for quantity but when fire doth come by an undermining motion as when some other figures are betwixt them then fire gets the better by the help of those undermining motions Chap. 105. Of a bright-shining hot glowing fire IT is the nature of bright-shining hot-glowing fires to have both an interior and an exterior burning and is of such a kinde of subdividing nature as it strives to dissolve all united parts or bodies and if it doth not dissolve all bodies it works on as we shall see many things which grow harder with fire yet is not that the nature would not dissolve such a thing but the power cannot for those bodies that grow harder with fire opposes the power of fire and strives by contraction to unite the looser parts in a more solid body to resist with more strength Also some bodies grow hard by shrinking inward for assoon as they feel the fire they draw back as from an enemy having an Antipathy thereunto Thus it is not the fire that dries or hardens or maks more solidity but the opposite body that will not burn having a strength to oppose or a nature not to subject to this fire or the fire hath not a sufficient power to overcome but this sort of fire hath a general power though some bodies will strongly resist it but it is the nature of this sort of fire that most bodies they overcome they first convert them into their own likenesse but their natures being different their prisoners die in the fiery arms of their enemies Chap. 106. Of the drinesse of hot burning bright shining fire DRinesse hath such a relation to hot burning bright shining fire as moistnesse to water for though interior motions are expulsive yet the exterior is attractive drawing all unto it like a greedy appetite and as the teeth doth mince the the food that is chewed so doth the pointed figure of fire all it laies hold on or enters into Chap. 107. Of moist colds and moist heats of dry colds and dry heats c. HEat doth not make drought for there is a temper of heat and moist nor cold doth not make drought for there is a temper of cold and moist nor heat doth not make moisture for there is a temper of hot and dry nor cold doth not make moisture for there is a temper of cold and dry but when the motions of heat and the motions of drought joyn they cause hot and dry effects and when the motions of cold and the motions of drought joyn they cause cold and dry effects and when the motions of heat and the motions of moisture joyns they cause hot and moist effects and when the motions of cold and the motions of moisture joyn they cause cold and moist effects yet there are infinite varieties in their several effects but those motions which make cold and heat I may fimilife to wandring armies of the Gothes and Vandals which over-run all figures as they all the world sometimes they work attractive contractive retentive disgustive expulsive according to the temper and degree of matter and proportion and shape of the figures they meet or according to their own power and strength and although both cold and heat are motions that work more or lesse upon all the figures in this world yet cold heat works not upon figure alike but differ as their figures differ nor are cold and heat directly the same motions although they be of the same kinde of motions no more then several sorts of beasts kinde yet all beasts are of Animal kinde and most commonly like several sorts of beasts that falleth out or rather like two equal powerful Monarchies that oppose one anothers power and fight for preheminency where sometimes one gets the better and then the other sometimes by strength and sometimes by advantage but when there is a truce or a league they have a common commerce joyning their motions working sympathetically together which produceth an equall temper Chap. 108. Of the motions of cold and heat drouth and Moisture COld and heat are not wrought by different kinds of motions but after a different manner of workings or movings for a moist cold and a moist heat are but one kinde of motions as being motions that extenuate and enlarges from the center to the circumference for a moist heat doth thrust or drive outward as toward the circumference A moist cold doth pull or draw from the center towards the circumference As for example we shall often see a gardiner that rolles a green turft walk to thrust the roll before him and when he is weary with pressing forward he will turn his arms behinde him and pull the roll after him Also a dry or congealed cold and a dry heat are not several kindes of motions but moves after several manners for as moist cold and heat extends and enlarges from the center to the circumference so a dry heat or a dry or congealed cold contracts from the circumference towards the center the congealed cold in several works a dry cold or a dry heat onely draws into a lesse space or compasse yet the same difference in the manner of the motions is between a dry heat and a dry cold as was between a moist heat and a most cold for a dry heat drives from the circumference to the center a dry cold draws from the circumference to the center for although al drought is from the circumference to the center and all moisture from the center to the circumference yet the several manner of movings are infinite also cold and heat are not several kindes of motions but different motions as every man is of man-kinde but they are different men And if we observe the effects of heat and cold we shall finde them to work after one and the same manner for very sharp colds and great heats paines equally and sharp colds destroy with as great strong fury as burning heats neither can I perceive that burning heats have swifter motions then sharp colds for water to the quantity shall freez assoon as any light matter shall burn for water shall be assoon frozen as straw burnt take quantity for quantity and Animals shall be assoon frozen to death if they be touched or struck with very sharp colds such as are neer the poles as be burnt under the torrid Zone as for plants we oftener see them killed with cold then heat and I perceive there is no thaw so sudden as a frost for when any thing is
frozen it is not suddenly thawed which half perswades me that cold is the quicker motion but howsoever we perceive they do often dispute for the mastry when some time the cold predominates and sometimes the heat But when there is an amity and friendship between both then it is temperate weather Chap. 109. Of dry heats and cold and of moist heats and colds ALL dry heats and colds are created or produced by such manner of motions as pleating folding surfling crumpling knitting linking brading tieing binding into a lesse compasse or space All moist heats and moist colds are created or produced by such manner of motions as smoothing planing stricking or stretching but burning heats are like those motions that prick a sheet of paper full of holes or dart it or cut it but there are infinite of these several kinds of motions which make these several heats and colds working according to the several degrees or temperaments of matter and the composers of figures but l onely set these few notes to make my discourse as easy to my readers understanding as I can for it is a difficulty to expresse several motions although they be so grosse as to be visible to the optick sense Chap. 110. Of shining figures ALL figures that are composed of lines are the aptest to shine because lines are the evenest measure and the smoothest rule for mathematical motions to work with but according as the lines either exterior or interior is smooth or rough contracted or extenuated shines more or lesse for some lines are interiorly even and smooth and exteriorly rough and unequal as pointed lines or chekred or milions the like Others are exteriorly even and interiorly rough as lines of points some are interiorly rough and exteriorly rough as lines of points pointed and some are interiorly smooth and exteriorly smooth which are drawn out even as one piece and not composed of parts Chap. 111. The motions that make natural air and day light NAtural air which is not metamorphosed air is made by such kinde of motions as makes cloth that is spun threads weaved as with shuttles in a loom so some motions spin threads of thin dull matter and other motions interweave those threads where the grossest sort makes the thicker air as great threads make course cloth and the thinner matter makes the serenest air as small threads make the finest cloth where some is like cobweb-lawn so sheer or clear as the smallest objects may be seen through which is spread about the globe of the earth as a thin vail over a face or body and from the sun rising the motions that make light run in lines upon it and so is like a garment laid all over with silver-twist or rather like silverwier from the sun rising to high noon it is as it were setting sewing or imbroidering on this serene air at mid-day it is quite finished and by sun set it is quite reapt off again And to shew that the lines of light are as it were laid upon this serene air and not mixt into it is by the vapor which gathers into dark clouds which will obscure the light as far as they spread besides if the light were intermixt the motions and matter could not so easily nor so quickly withdraw or intermingle as we see they do for what is intermixt is hard to separate but dark clouds are onely as spots which by rarification are rubbed out if they be wet spots or drops they fall out in shours of rain but by such sorts of motions as by ringing or squeesing or griping with a hand or the like which breaks the sea or waves of water which are clouds into several streams of drops sometimes with a greater force and sometimes with a lesse according as the motions are stronger or weaker The difference betwixt this serene and natural air and the metamorphosed air is as a natural face and a mask which is put on or put off according as the watry circles contract or dilate the other in probability may be as lasting as the sun it self not being subject to change but by a natural creation or dissolution Chap. 112 Of light LIght is made by such a kinde of motion as heat being an equal extenuating motion but the difference is that the motions that make heat is a spreading motion but light is made by a spining motion equally drawing out long paralel lines with an extraordinary swiftnesse evennesse smalnesse and straightnesse Chap. 113. The reflections of light THe reflections of light when are the innated matter draws even lines with equal motions backwards as I may say for when their motions are stopt with a more solid matter then that which they work on to make light where touching or beating thereon they do not break their lines but the leading innated matter which makes light returns back in equal lines with equal motions so as there becomes equal lines of light onely as some lines run forward others run backward but in straight paralel lines not crossed nor perturbed for when these motions are crost or perturbed it doth as troubled waters do the one rising in several colours as the other in waves so the colours are the waves or billows of light Chap. 114. Of light and reflections NO question but there are as many various lights as faces and as different kinds of lights as there are different Animals or vegetables or minerals as some I will here set down for distinction the sun light the lighs of the fixt stars the fire light meteor light glow-worm light rotten wood light the light of fishes bones and there are many sorts of stones which will sparkle in the dark as diamonds and many I cannot recount Then there are produced lights as day from the sun flame from fire then there are reflected lights as the planets and reflected lights from reflected lights as the light from the planets on the earth and infinite reflections made by several motions on figures for on every figure are several reflections Chap. 115. Of some opinions of light darknesse and Death SOme say light is nothing but a motion but there can be no motion without some matter for where there is no matter there is nothing to move but light as other effects are is made by such kind of motions on such degrees or tempered matter and so is heat and cold and darknesse made by several motions on such matter although some opinions are that darknesse is nothing but an absence of light as some think death is a cessation of motion T is true death is an alteration of such kinde of motions as we call life so darknesse is not made by such motions as make light for there are motions belong to darknesse as well as those to make light so there be many several motions in dissolving of figures which dissolution we call death as the creating of a figure which we call life Chap. 116. Of darknesse THose motions which make darknesse seem to be