translated into Greeke This Philo in the beginning of his worke sayth That his Author Sachoniatho as he was generally learned so especially he searched out those things which Taantus called of the Aegyptians Thoyth of the Greekes Mercurie the first Inuenter of letters had written hee also blamed those that by Allegories and Tropologies peruert and obscure the Historie of their gods affirming plainely That the ancient Phoenicians Aegyptians and others adored those men for gods that had beene the Authors of good things to men applying to them also the names of those Naturall gods the Sunne Moone c. so making some gods mortall some immortall According to this Taautus therefore the first beginnings of all things were a darke disordered Chaos and the spirit of the darke ayre Hence proceeded Moth which we may interprete Mire from whence issued the seedes and generation of all creatures in the Earth and Heauen the plants first and from them the reasonable Creatures called Thophasunin that is the beholders of Heauen formed in the shape of an Eggs From Moth also came the Sunne Moone and Starres The Sunne by his heate separating these new-formed Creatures their conflict in the ayre produced Thunder which noyse awaked and caused to leape out of their earth this slimie generation after of the Winde Colpia and Baau which signifieth Night were borne men named Age and First-borne Age taught men to liue of the fruites of trees of these came Kind and Generation who being troubled with heate lifted vp their hands to the Sunne which they tooke for a god calling him Beelsamen which signifieth the Lord of Heauen whom the Greekes cal Iupiter Kind begate Light Flame Fire S This last by rubbing of stickes together found out fire From these descended in succeeding generations those Giants that left their names to the hils where they dwelt Cassius and Libanus that contended against their brother Vson who first aduentured the sea in the bodies of trees burned in which manner the Indians euen yet make their canoas or boats and he erected two Statues to the Wind and the Fire whom hee adored with the bloud of beasts These first men after their death had Statues consecrated to them by posteritie and yeerly solemnities To these succeeded others Hunter and Fisher which had two Sonnes one of which was named Chusor a great Magician From these descended Amynus and Magus Authors of Sheepe-cotes and flockes or heards of Cattell These were the Titans Inuenters of Arts hunting fishing building yron-works tents and such like To Misor one of these was borne Taautus first Author of Letters At that time was borne Elius and Beruth his wife which dwelt in Biblos the Parents of Caelus and Terra his wife and sister who deified with rites and ceremonies their father Elius being torne of wilde beasts To these were borne Saturne Baetilus Dagon and Atlas But Calus taking other wiues there arose a great quarrell betwixt him and his former ayded herein by her sonnes of whom Saturne the eldest created Mercurie his Scribe by whose Magicall Arts and by those weapons first by him and Minerua the daughter of Saturne deuised Caelus was ouerthrowne who after two and thirty yeeres warre betwixt them was taken by his sonne and depriued of his genitories Saturne had issue besides his daughters Minerua and Proserpina Amor Cupido Saturne Iupiter Belus and Apollo of his Sisters Astarte Rhaea Dione Then also were borne Typho Nereus Pontus the Father of Neptune Saturne suspecting his brother Atlas buried him in the ground and cast vp an high hill ouer him where not long after was a Temple erected to him Dagon was inuenter of Tillage and therefore called Iupiter of the Plough But Saturne becomming a great Conquerour bestowed Egypt on Taautus or Mercurie who first made a mysterie of their Theologie as the Sonne of one Thalon the Phoenician Priest first did among the Phoenicians applying allegoricall interpretations thereof to Nature and instituting Rites to posterity This allegoricall Theologie of Taantus was interpreted by Surmobolus and Thurro It followeth in the History That it was then a custome in great calamities for the Prince to appease the angry Daemon with his best beloued sonne and thus in the time of a perillous warre was Leüd the Sonne of Saturne by a Nymph named Anobreth cloathed in royall apparrell offered on an Altar erected for that purpose This was practised long after by the King of Moab who being besieged by three Kings of Israel Iuda and Idumaea sacrificed his eldest sonne which yet some interprete of the eldest sonne of the King of Idumaea Taautus ascribed Diuinitie to the Serpent as being of a most fierie and spirituall nature mouing it selfe swiftly and in many formes without helpe of feet and a creature which renueth her age The Phoenicians and Aegyptians followed him herein they calling it a happy Spirit of God these Eneth and framed thereto the head of a Hawke of which in his place wee haue spoken And thus farre haue wee beene indebted to Eusebius In the time of those warres betwixt Saturne and Caelus was borne Hercules to whom was a Temple of great Antiquity at Tyre To Hercules were also celebrated games at Tyrus euery fiue yeeres to which Iason sent three hundred drams for a sacrifice m Hiram in Solomons time pulled downe the old Temples of Hercules and Astarte and built new He first erected a statue to Hercules and in the temple of Iupiter consecrated a golden Pillar The Sydonians also worshipped Astarte in a stately and ancient Temple to her builded whom some interprete Luna some Venus and one of her Priests to Lucian Europa She was worshipped of the Punickes a Phoenician colony by that name of Iuno But Philo Bybliensis saith it was Venus which may bee all one for Herodotus saith Vrania which was also Iuno was Venus and Luna also after Lucian And so it appeareth by her hornie head wherewith Philo saith shee was painted the Arabians called her Alilat the Chaldaeans Militta The same is called also Beltis or Baaltis and Belisama in an old Inscription that is Iuno Olympia or Queene of Heauen Shee ware on her head in stead of a Crowne a Bulles-head whereby what else could be meant but the Moone Queene of the night as the Sunne Baalsamen is King of Heauen or Lord of the day But the manifold names giuen to the same Deities brought in confusion and a numberlesse Polytheisme nor can wee well distinguish betwixt Minerua Iuno Venus Luna and other names of their mystie mysteries Shee is called also Astroarche Iuno Lucina Ilithyia which hath her mid-wife-mysteries borrowed together with the name from the Iewish Lilith of which we shall after speake as the name Alilat also is The Syrian goddesse before related and the Persian Mithra which some deriue of Mader that is in the Persian also a mother is no other but this Astarte Vrania or as Tertullian cals her Coelestis or what other
need not this ruder but iust and true Apologie As for other Obiections they are friuolous and either ridiculous or meerely accidentall and it is Puritanisme in Politie to conceit any great Good without some Euills attendant in any Enterprise whatsoeuer where the Heauens Great Lights are subiect to Eclipses the longest Day hath a Night the Summer yeelds vicissitude to Winter all Bodies are mixed and compounded and in the greatest Lustre make an apparant Shadow Apparant Shadowes are the obiected expence of Victuall as if these mouthes would not exceed farre more in quantitie and qualitie at home of Timber as if this be not the most honourable vse thereof though Ireland yeeldes supply in this kind of eclipsing or sinking other Trades sic inter Stellas argentea Luna minores will they be angrie that so few Starres appeare when Aurora is preparing the Sunnes Chariot They adde Oppressions and Dealing cruelly I know not whether this be a cruell lye and many other alledged against these Indian Nauigations bee but English Knauigations This I know that the Wisest hath forbidden to answere a foole according to his foolishnesse lest thou also bee like him Easie it is for fooles to moue Scruples in the Actions of the Wisest and not hard for euill mindes to make that which they find not euill But Christians are to imitate Him rather which commanded the Light to shine out of Darkenesse with a candide Mind the true Image of GOD alway construing doubtfull things to the best which the best will doe to whom and for whom this is intended As for Cauillers they haue their Dos here according to Salomons Prescipt Answere a foole according to his foolishnesse lest he be wise in his owne conceit §. IIII. The Conclusion with commendation of the Mariner c. NOw that I haue after my ability answered the obiections and produced so many Arguments the most of which are Store-houses and Heads of many Let this be the last argument which to me was not the least and here was placed first the Increase of learning and knowledge by these worthy Discoueries of Marine Worthies How little had we knowne of the World and the Wonders of God in the World had not the Sea opened vs a Passage into all Lands Pegasus the winged Horse which the Poets fained with the stroke of his foot first made Helicon the Muses Well to spring was the issue of Neptune and that snaky-headed Monster Medusa The Mariner seemes rough-hewen and rude according to the Ocean that breeds him but hee that can play with those dangers which would transforme others into stones and dares dwell within so few inches of death that calls the most tempestuous Elements his Parents Hee I say is the true Pegasus that with his wing-like Sailes flies ouer the World which hath helped to deliuer Andromeda Geography before chained to the Rockes and ready to bee deuoured of that Monster Ignorance and out of whose salt waters wisely distilled Clio Vrania and the best of the Muses drinke their sweetest and freshest liquors Howsoeuer Others My Selfe must confesse and this Booke will witnesse that My Helicon hath in great part flowne from the footing of this Pegasus And let it be the Honour of Our Honourable SMITH that His hand hath fitted this Foot of Pegasus to this Indian Iourney whither he is now carrying you at Whose Forge and Anuill haue beene hammer'd so many irons for Neptune not like Xerxes his Arrogance which proudly cast Fetters into the Hellespont but with true effects of Conquest Mee thinkes I here see the Sterne that with little locall stirring Stiereth so many Ships to so many Ports visited by your Pilgrim HONDIVS his Map of the EAST-INDIA INDIA Orientalis CHAP. III. Of the Indian Prouinces next adioyning to China §. I. Of Cauchin China Camboia and the Laos CAuchin-China is an Indian Kingdome situate betweene the Prouince of Canton on the North and Camboia on the South in the bottome of a great Bay diuided into three Prouinces and as many Kings but one of them is Paramount It aboundeth with Gold Siluer Aloes Porcelane and Silke They are Idolaters and Pagans and haue had some deuotion to the Popish Christianity moued thereto by certaine Pictures of our Lady of the last Iudgement and Hell a new kind of preaching and haue erected many Crosses amongst them of which the Friers report after their fashion some miracles Their Religion seemeth little to differ from that of the Chinois to whom they are also Tributaries and vse their Characters One Richard Cocke Englishman in a Letter dated December the tenth 1614. from Firando in Iapan where hee was left in Factory by Captaine Saris writes of an vnhappy accident which befell Master Tempest Peacocke who with Walter Caerwarden arriued not long before with our Kings Letter in Cauchin-China with a Present also and goods to the Value of seuen hundred and thirty pounds But whiles hee with some principall Hollanders who were there likewise entertained was passing by water they were set vpon and slaine with harping irons together with their interpreters and followers Iapanders neither had they heard further what became of the rest of the Company The cause was reported to bee a quarell against the Hollanders for fraud and violence deceiuing them with false money and burning a Towne Here is much of the wood called Palo Daguilla and of the most sweet wood Calamba with other merchandize of China Betweene this and the I le Aynao tenne miles from the land is a fishing for Pearles To the South of this Kingdome is Champa the name of a Kingdome and chiefe Citie thereof of great Traffique especially of Lignum Aloes which groweth there in the Mountaines prized at the weight in Siluer which they vse in Bathes and in the Funerals of great Princes In Religion they are as the former This Tract beares also the name of Camboia Camboia on the North abutteth on Cauchin China on the South the Kingdome of Siam on the East the Sea It is a great and populous Countrey full of Elephants and Abada's this Beast is the Rhinoceros Here also they begin to honour the Crosse as Frier Siluester a man as they say much reuerenced by the King and honoured of the people hath taught them When the King dieth his women are burned and his Nobles doe voluntarily sacrifice themselues in the same fire The women are generally burned with their husbands at their death The Camboyans dealt treacherously with the Hollanders Anno 1602. whom they inuited to the shore with promise of certaine Buffolos and then cruelly slew them They detained the Admirall on shore to be redeemed with some of their Ordnance When they intend a iourney they vse diuination with the feete of a Henne to know whether it will be luckie or no and as the Wizard shall answere they dispose of themselues either to goe or stay This Land hath much of the sweet Wood Calamba which being good
which hee might heare as hee passed and once also saw them the Eunuch purposely putting on a thinner cloth ouer his head there being of them some hundreds His wife had more accesse at Chan Channas Court whose daughter sometimes wife to the elder brother of this Mogol and liuing still a widdow had a desire to see the English-woman and Chan-Channa intreated her husband to permit it Shee was fetched in a close Chariot drawne by white Oxen attended by Eunuchs and was first brought into an open Court in midst of which was a Tanke or Well of Water where sate many women slaues to Chan-Channas daughter of diuers Nations and complexions some blacke exceeding louely and comely of person notwithstanding whose haire before did stand vp with right tufts as if it had growne vpward nor would ruffling disorder them some browne of Indian complexion others very white but pale and not ruddy many of them seemed goodly and louely all sitting in their slight but rich garments on the floore couered with carpets The Lady came forth in meaner attire whereat they all arose and did her reuerence with their faces to the ground Mistresse Steele made her three courtsies after the English fashion being also in English attire and deliuered her a Present without which there is no visitation of great persons and the Lady caused her to sit by her and after discourse entertained her with a Banket and began familiaritie with her continued and increased with often visitations and rewarded with many gifts as of womens vestments of of those parts some of which I saw the vpper garment like a smocke of thin Calico vnder which they weare a paire of breeches close aboue the neather parts very long and slender loosely ruffling about their legs of thin stuffe also the mans garment differing from the womans by the fastning on the side vnder the arme whereas the womans is fastened before both tyed with ribbands Chan Channa caused his Taylor to take view of Master Steele and without other measure hee made him a cloake of cloth of gold after the English fashion very comely which I also saw §. VI. Of the Rasboots and other people subiect to the Mogol and of their Countries Religion and Rites THus haue we delineated this huge Giantly Body of the Mogol Empire The Soule or Religion thereof is more inuisible What lurking places and labyrinths the breasts of the Kings haue had in their vnknowne curious vncertaine Faith yee haue heard and may there by guesse at the rest As the people are manifold so are their Rites some of which about Ganges and in other parts haue alreadie beene touched and some hereafter as the People and their Rites are diffused and dispersed in diuers Tracts of India we shall elsewhere mention Besides Christian Forreiners the principall Religion is Ethnike though that of the Prince be Mahumetan The Reisbuti Rasbootes or Rasbooches the ancient Inhabitants of the Countrey of Sinda are Gentiles How strong one of them is you haue heard Captaine Hawkins report His name as I haue since learned of Mr. Rogers Mr. Clarke and Mr. Withington is Ranna some of them affirming That hee is lately come in and hath sent his sonne a pledge to the Mogols Court who for this cause and his sake hath beene so long resident at Azmere But Mr. Clarke employed in these wars saith That it is not a subiection but voluntarie friendship and neighbourhood with acknowledgement of himselfe the Inferior A Rebell or Outlaw he cannot be called because hee was neuer subiect accounting the Mogoll Superior in power but not his Lord There are of these many Casts or Tribes each of which haue supreame and independent Lords Nature building them with little helpe of Art impregnable Fortresses or inaccessable Hils One of which called Dewras is said to haue very many populations able on the Hill tops to gather sufficient prouisions for themselues and the neighbour-Markets impossible without corruption to be conquered When any of these Casts or Tribes disagree the Mogoll interposeth himselfe professing to take part with the right Their Countrey lies in the direct way from Surat to Agra the wayes by Amadauar or by Brampore both much about yet frequented by Merchants for feare of them The Countrey people are rude naked from the waste vpwards with Turbants differing from the Mogol fashion Their Armes are Sword Buckler and Launce Their Buckler is great in fashion of a Bee-hiue in which they will giue their Camels drinke and Horses prouender Their Horses are good swift and strong which they ride vnshod and back at a yeere old A resolute people which the Mogoll saith knowes as well to die as any in the world They eate no Beefe nor Buffolo but haue them in superstitious respect The Rasbutche husband dying the wife is burned The manner is this The wise accompanies the dead bodie of her husband in her best array pompously attended with her friends and kindred and with Musick The fire being made she compasseth the same twice or thrice first bewayling her husbands death and then reioycing that she shall now liue with him againe and then embracing her friends sits downe on the top of the pyle taking her husbands head in her lap and bids them kindle the fire This done her friends throw Oyle and other sweet Perfumes on her shee enduring the fire with admirable patience loose and not bound I haue seene many it is M. Withingtons report the first at Surat the woman being but ten yeeres old and not yet a woman hauing not knowne her husband who was slaine in the wars and his clothes brought home Yet would she needs burne with his clothes and the Gouernour not permitting because shee was a Virgin her friends intreated and bribed him thereto shee seeming impatient of that delay and saying her husband was a great way before her with much blind ioy entring into endlesse sorrowes The kindred of the deceased husband doe not force this vnkind kindnesse but the wiues owne kindred holding it a disgrace to their family if shee refuse which she hath power to doe but few will and then shee must shaue her haire and breake her iewels and is not suffered to eate drinke sleepe or company with any bodie till her death If after purpose to burne impatient of the flame she leapes out her father and mother will bind and burne her perforce But such weaknesse seldome happens In some places they obserue it with Rites a little differing carrying the woman in great pompe on a Pageant and binding her to a stake all her kindred kneeling round about her and praying to the Sun and their other Idols Shee hath betwixt her legs and vnder each arme a bag of Gun-powder the fire made all of sweet Woods Wee shall mention other Rites in other places The Hendownes possesse the Countrey North from Asmere toward the Multans degenerate Gentiles and refusing no manner of Flesh or Fish They pray naked dresse and eat
people who liued and wallowed in the height of their wickednesse and lust of crying Sodomiticall sinnes to be thus punished both by so bloudy a King and this Scythian Enemy who came with two hundred thousand Horsemen within fifty miles compasse on the Riuer Occa neere Circapoe and vpon secret intelligence as was thought he passed the Riuer without repulse of the Emperours Army who durst not on paine of death stirre beyond their bounds vpon whatsoeuer aduantage The Enemy approching the great City of Musco the Russe Emperour flies with his two Sonnes Treasure Seruants and his Guard of twenty thousand Gunners towards a strong Monastery Troiets or the Trinity sixty miles off Vpon Ascention day the Enemy fires the high steeple of Saint Iohns Church at which instant happened a tempestuous wind whereby all the Churches Houses Monasteries and Palaces within the City and Suburbs thirty miles compasse built most of Firre and Oke were set on fire and consumed in sixe houres space with infinite thousands of Men Women and Children burnt and smothered to death by the fierie aire few escaping without and within the three walled Castles The Riuer and Ditches about Musco were stopped and filled with multitudes of people laden with Gold Siluer Iewels Earings Chaines Bracelets Rings and other Treasure which went for succour to saue their heads aboue water All which notwithstanding so many thousands were there burnt and drowned that the Riuer could not with all meanes and industry that could bee vsed bee in two yeeres after cleansed those which were left aliue and many from other places being daily occupied within great circuits to search and dragge for Iewels Plate bags of Gold and Siluer I my selfe was somewhat the better for that fishing The streets of the City Churches Sellers and Vaults lay so thicke and full of dead carkasses as no man could passe for the noysome smels long after The Câ—im and his Army beheld this fire solacing himselfe in a faire Monastery foure miles off and tooke the spoyle of such as fled from the fire besetting all the wayes about the Citie and returned with much Treasure and store of Captiues passing ouer the Riuer the same way they came The Russe Emperour fled further to Vologda fiue hundred miles from Mosco accompanied with his Clergy in whom he had most confidence He summons a Councell Royall dissolues his Army which fought not a stroke for him examined racked and tortured many of his chiefe Captaines executes confiscates destroyes their Race and Families takes order for clensing repayring and replenishing Musco In the midst of this Parliament Chigaly Mursoy sends an Embassadour attended with many Mursoys in their account Noblemen all well horsed clothed in sheepes skinne Coats girt to them with blacke Caps of the same hauing Bowes and Arrowes with curious Cymitars by their sides They had a Guard to keepe them in darke Roomes stinking Horse flesh and water was their best dyet without Bread Beere Bed or Candle At the time of their audience bad vsage was offered them which they puffed at and scorned The Emperour sate with his three Crownes before him in great Royalty his Princes and Nobles attending richly adorned with Iewels and Pearle He commanded the Embassadors sheepe skinne Coate and Cap to be taken off and a Golden Robe and rich Cap to be put on who laughed aloud thereat enters the Emperours presence his followers being kept backe in a space grated with Iron The Embassadour chases with a hollow hellish voyce looking fierce and grimly on the Emperour beeing otherwise a most vgly Creature Foure Captaines of the Guard bring him neere His seate and then without reuerence he thunders out that his Master and Lord Chigaley great Emperour of all the Kingdomes and Chams that the Sunne doth spread his beames ouer hath sent to him Iuan Vassilliwich his Vassall and great Duke ouer all Russia by his permission to know how he liked the scourge of his displeasure by sword fire and famine and withall had sent him for remedie a present of his indignation pulling out a foule rustie Knife to cut his throat with all This done hee hasted out of the Roome without answere They would haue taken off his golden Gowne and Cap but he and his company stroue with them and would not permit it The Emperour fell into an agony tore his haire and beard sent for his Ghostly Father The chiefe Captaine desired leaue to cut them all in pieces but he gaue no answere After he had detayned him some time his fury being alayed he sent him away with better vsage and this Message Tell the Merchant and vnbeleeuer thy Master it is not he it is my sinnes and the sinnes of my people against my God and Christ he it is that hath giuen him a limme of the Deuill this power and oportunitie to to be the instrument of my rebuke by whose pleasure and helpe I doubt not of reuenge and to make him my Vassall though he be now but a Runnegate and hath no place of abode to be found out in Hee answered he would not doe him so much seruice to speake so arrogant a message from him Wherevpon not long after hee did addresse a Noble Gentleman Alfonasy Phedorowicz Nagoy in that Embassie who was there detayned and indured much misery for seuen yeeres space The Emperour was loth to come to Musco but sent for the chiefe Merchants Handicrafts and Tradesmen from all other Cities and Townes within his Kingdome to build and inhabit there and further to draw Trafficke thither tooke away all Impositions and granted freedome of Customes set seuen thousand Masons and Workmen to build a faire stone Wall round about the Musco which was finished in fiue yeeres space strong and beautifull and furnished with faire brasse Ordenance he also setled his Offices and Officers of Iustice therein as before Himselfe kept much at Vologda on the Riuer Dwina the Centre and safest place of his Kingdome He conferred much with one Elesius Bomelius a Mathematician comne out of England He also sent for skilfull Architects Carpenters Ioyners Masons Goldsmiths Physicians Apothecaries and such like out of England He builds a Treasure-house of stone great Barkes and Barges to conuey and transport Treasure vpon any sudden occasion to Sollauetzcoy Monastery standing on the North Sea the direct way to England Hee fleeced his Merchants by taking their Commodities to exchange with Merchant Strangers for Gold Dollers Iewels and Pearles which he tooke into his Treasury paying little or nothing hee borrowed great summes of Cities Townes and Monasteries exhausting all their wealth by great Impositions and Customes to augment his owne Treasure which he neuer would diminish vpon any occasion whatsoeuer whereby hee became so odious that in a desperate resolution he deuised to preuent and alter his estate to annull and frustrate all these ingagements of his Crowne He made a diuision of his Subiects calling the one Oproswy and the other Soniscoy
Messias is come represented that Scepter by the holy Ghost in Iacob promised to Iuda and therefore not only vnder the Kings and Iudges did exercise iudgement but also when there was no King or Iudge in Israel Of their qualitie it is thus written They appointed none said R. Iohanan but men of wisedome stature and of goodly presence and of old age and cunning in exorcismes and vnderstanding the seuenty Tongues that they might not need interpreters Their Stature and comlinesse Rabbi Selomoh saith was required to acquire them reuerence and skill in enchantment to conuince such Wizards There were required the whole number of seuenty and one in determining the going to Warre in adding to a Citie or the reuenues of the Temple or in conuenting the ordinarie Iudges of the Tribes To constitute one of this number they vsed imposition of hands R. Iudas saith of fiue A Wolfe Lyon Beare Leopard and Serpent were to be slaine by the three and twent e. The great Colledge called Sanhedre ghedola consisted of seuenty and one the lesse of three and twenty That odde number aboue seuenty was to supply the roome of Moses which was ouer those first seuenty Hereby Galatinus gathereth that in the Councell that condemned Christ there was the whole number of seuenty and one which is true if Herod had not before disanulled that society The greater Sanhedrin ordained the lesse for those seuenty ordained all the Sessions of Judges which in other Cities and Places ruled the people and to this Court of the seuenty in Ierusalem they were all subiect The place where they sate was called Gazith that is Carued whereof this Court had the name as the Starre-chamber with vs Other Courts or houses of Iudgement they had diuers of the three and twenty One of them sate in the Gate of the Mountaine of the Temple another in the Gate of the Court others in euery Citie And when there was a controuersie it was first brought to that Citie or Towne and so to the rest if occasion required in order to that in the Gate of the Mount after to that in the Court-gate and last to the Gazith Consistory in which they sate from Morning till Night On Sabbaths and solemne dayes they sate on the Wall But when Herod obtained the Scepter he slew Hercanus and his sonne Antigonus which had beene King and Priest and also all of the seede Royall and burnt the Genealogies of their Kings And further to establish his Throne in blood hee killed the Scribes and Doctors of the Law and caused all the Sanhedrin to be done to death Because the Rabbanan they are the words of the Talmud had said according to Deut. 17. From among thy brethren thou shalt set a King ouer thee He slew the Rabbanan or Masters reseruing only Baba the sonne of Bota whose eyes hee after put out And therefore the Sanhedrin perished for as is said fiue or at least after R. Ismal three were necessary to the ordination by the imposition of hands But there were by Herods permission other Iudges instituted to be vnder the King like the former Colledge but had no authority of sentence in waighty and criminall causes and therefore they said to Pilate It is not lawfull for vs to put any man to death as some thinke But others maintaine the contrary Betramus taketh a middle course that the Iewes might examine and condemne but then were to present the condemned party to the Roman Magistrate for execution except in the cause of stoning wherein they tooke more libertie as in the Acts of the Apostles by Stephen and Paules example appeareth After their false sentence pronounced against Christ they were expelled from the Consistory Gazith fortie yeeres before the destruction of the Temple and afterwards by the commaundement of the Romanes were all slaine They being expelled Gazith held their Consistory at Hamith another place in Ierusalem but saith R. Abdimi with the place they lost their power in criminall Iudgements which might not bee giuen but in Gazith So do the Rabbines interpret the words Deut. 17.10 According to the words which they of that place shew thee thou shalt doe They had inferior punishments with the whippe for smaller offences In which the Law had stinted them at forty stripes and they abated one of that number for feare of exceeding as Paul saith Hee had fiue times receiued forty stripes saue one The whippe was of Calues leather as Drusius affirmeth Betramus saith that they had in each City seuen Iudges in money matters whereof three were principall two Leuites and one of the rest from whence the number is said to be but three They had also ten Aediles Taskers or Iudges of the Market one of which was of the Priestly Stocke They had in Ierusalem an vnder-Prouost or Captaine of the Temple In other Cities of their dispersion they had Synagogues and Magistrates as at Alexandria Antiochia Sardis and other Cities where they had obtained priuiledges and immunities That which is spoken of their threefold Consistory consisting eyther of 3. or 23. or 71. Buxtorfius thus relateth that that of 3. was appointed in such habitations which had vnder the number of 120. House-holders and that it behooued alwaies two of the three to agree in their sentence The other of twenty three was in greater Townes or Cities and dealt in greater matters the former in money matters this in criminall and in the Gates of the City and was called the lesse Synedrium The greater was at Ierusalem where the wisest was chosen to bee President of the Councell as successour to Moses Caput Curiae so they called him and Nasi the wisest of the other 70. was adioyned as his Colleague called Ab-beth-din The Father of the Consistory These two sate alone somewhat separate from the rest which made a halfe circle so that these two might see them all The manifold mutations of their State by the Babylonians Persians Macedonians Egyptians Sytians Romans and ciuil wars amongst themselues did both then change the face of Gouernement and haue made it now to vs obscure and vncertaine §. IIII. Of the Iewish Excommunications NOW concerning the Iewish Excommunications Drusius hath obserued that the Iewes had three kinds and degrees of Excommunications Niddui Herem Samatha the first signifieth a Remouing the second Anathema the third the same which the Apostle calleth Maran-atha by the first they are made 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of which is an example Gen. 4.4 excommunicated from the Ecclesiasticall Assemblies Hee which was thus Excommunicated was called Menudde and the denouncers Menuddim There were foure and twenty causes for the which it was inflicted If any died therein without repentance they iudged him worthy of stoning and therfore stoned his coffin whereof they giue example in one Eleazer the sonne of Henoch They might enter the Temple when they were excommunicated but that they might enter the Synagogue is vnlikely Thus they write
doer instituted Anno. 1300. to be obserued euery hundreth yeere and Clement the sixt abridged to the fiftieth as Auentinus Trithemius Crantzius and others haue written Whether they were Heathenish in imitating the Ludi seculares or Iewish in following the legall Iubilee Certaine it is Rome thereby becomes a rich Mart where the Marchants of the Earth resort from all places of the Earth to buy Heauen and Babylon the great Citie is cloathed in fine linnen and purple and scarlet and gilded with gold and precious stone and pearles with the gaines of her Wares giuing in exchange the soules of men washed from their sinnes A thing more precious to Christ then his most precious blood But his pretended Vicars haue learned to effect it the filling of their purse with greater ease deuout Pilgrims from all parts visiting Saint Peters staires whence they goe truely Saint Peters heires Siluer and gold haue I none and yet finde their Pardons too cheape to be good But to returne to our Pilgrimage and to obserue the obseruation of the Iewish Iubilee This feast was partly ciuill in regard of the poore of the inheritances of the Israelitish Families specially that of the Messias and of the computation of times as amongst the Greekes by Olympiads and amongst the Romanes by Lustra and indictions partly also it was mysticall in regard of the Gospell of Christ preaching libertie and peace to the Conscience the acceptable yeere of the LORD And thus much of those Feasts which GOD himselfe instituted to this Nation which how the Iewes of later times haue corrupted and doe now superstitiously obserue instituting others also of their owne deuisings shall bee handled in due place Wee are next to speake of those Feasts which vpon occasions they imposed vpon themselues before the comming of CHRIST to which wee will adde a briefe Kalender of all their Fasts and Feasts CHAP. VI. Of the Feasts and Fasts which the Iewes instituted to themselues with a Kalender of their Feasts and Fasts through the yeere as they are now obserued THE Prophet Zacharie in his seuenth and eighth Chapters mentioneth certaine fasting daies which the Iewes by Ecclesiasticall Iniunction obserued One in the tenth day of the tenth moneth because on that day Ierusalem began to bee besieged 2. Reg. 24. A second Fast was obserued on the ninth day of the fourth moneth in remembrance that then the Chaldeans entred the Citie A third Fast they held on the ninth day of the fift moneth in respect of the Citie and Temple burned on that day First by Nabuchodonosor Secondly by Titus on the same day Which the Iewes doe yet obserue with strict penance going bare-foote and sitting on the ground reading some sad Historie of the Bible and the Lamentations of Ieremie three times ouer Their fourth Fast they celebrated on the third day of the seuenth moneth in remembrance of Godoliah slaine by Ismael Iere. 41.42.2 Reg. vlt. To these are reckoned the Fast of Easter in the thirteenth day of Adar their twelfth Moneth and on the seuenteenth day of the fourth moneth in the remembrance of the Tables of the Law broken by Moses the institution whereof seemeth to be late seeing the Scripture doth not mention it In this moneth the Aegyptians kept the Feast or Fast of their Osiris lamenting for him which seemeth to be the same that is mentioned Ezech. 8. Where women are said to mourne for Tamuz whom Plutarch calleth Amuz and from thence deriueth Iupiters title of Ammon Of him was this fourth moneth called Tamuz On the foureteenth and fifteenth daies of Adar they kept the feast of Phurim or Lots instituted in remembrance of that deliuerance from Haman by the authoritie of Ioachim the high-Priest as Functius relateth out of Philo An. M. 3463. Antonius Margarita a christened Iewe reporteth that on these daies the Iewes reade the Historie of Ester and so often as Haman is mentioned they smite on their seates with their fists and hammers otherwise spending the time of this feast in Bachanall riots and excesse They also had the feast of Wood-carrying called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 mentioned by Iosephus in which the custome was for euery one to carry Wood to the Temple to maintaine the fire of the Altar The Feast of Dedication otherwise called the feast of Lights and the institution thereof is largely described 2. Maccab. 4. in remembrance of the institution of Diuine worship and Sacrifice in the Temple which had beene by Antiochus polluted and sacred to Iupiter Olympius all the seruices appointed by the Law being abolished By Iudas Maccabeus the Temple and Altar and other holy instruments were dedicated the same day three yeeres after their first pollution called therefore the feast of Lights as I thinke saith Iosephus because so vnexpected a light shon forth vnto them But Franciscus Iunius in his Annotations vpon the Syrian translation of the tenth of Iohn where this Feast is mentioned alleageth out of the Tallmud another cause as followeth When on the fiue and twentith day of Cisleu they entred into the Temple they found not pure oyle except in one little vessell which contained sufficient for the Lamps but one day of which Oyle they lighted the Lamps in order which lasted eight daies till they pressed out of the Oliues cleane Oyle And therefore the wise-men of that time decreed that yeerely those eight daies beginning at the fiue and twentith of Cisleu should be daies of ioy and that euery one in the doores of their houses euery euening during those eigh daies should light Lamps for declaration of that miracle wherein they must not fast nor lament Likewise 1. Mac. 13. is ordained festiuall the three and twentieth day of Iar for the expiation of the Tower of Ierusalem by Simon Mac. On the last day of the feast of Tabernacles they finish the reading of the Law with much ioy and solemnitie calling it the feast of the ioy of the Law The next Sabbath begins their Reading of the first Parasch or Section which was also read that day they made an end of the last lest they should seeme weary of it and glad it were ended These Paraschs or Sections of the Law as our Lessons in our Seruice were ancient as appeareth Act. 15.21 in number fifty foure for twice they put together two short ones When Antiochus burned and prohibited the Law they reade in stead of Moses the Prophets and after Antiochus his death they continued both as the first and second Lesson with vs That of the Prophets they called haphtara that is a dismissing because after it the people were dismissed euen as the name Missa for like cause was giuen to the Christian holies They reade Moses not onely on the Sabbaths but also on Mundaies and Thursedaies which by them that would seeme more holy were fasted also as Luc. 18. appeares by the bragges of that supercilious Pharise I fast twice in the weeke Sigonius reckoneth also the feast of
hurle after him a broken sherd signifying that with him all heauinesse should bee expelled and broken When they are come to the place of buriall they say Blessed be GOD which hath formed you with iudgement and iustice hath created fed sustained and at last hath depriued you of life speaking to the dead Hee knoweth the number of you all and will quicken you againe in his time Blessed be God which doth to die and maketh aliue Let the dead liue with my carkasse let them rise againe Awake and reioyce yee that lie in dust because thy dew is the dew of light and the earth shall cast foorth her dead This the Minister sayth alone then he goeth on with a long prayer of three and twenty sentences which the people say after him going about the sepulchre They call this prayer Tzidduck haddin the subiect whereof is the iustice of GOD calling for pardon in the name of Abraham Isaac and Iacob acknowledging that by three things the foundations of the world are founded the Law worship and piety to the dead calling for deliuerance for the bloud of his seruants shed in the 856. yeere for the confession of his holy Name and for the merit of the onely-begotten which was seuen and thirty yeeres old in whose place a Ramme was taken concluding with mention of their Captaines slaine in the 136. yeere Heere they take downe the corps and then the Minister singeth the people following This is the way of the world let him sleepe in peace c. Yee Fathers of the world which sleepe in Hebron open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and say His comming be in peace Yee euerlasting hills of the double caue open vnto him the gates of the garden of Eden and bid him welcome Yee Angels of peace go forth to meete him vnlocke to him the gates of Paradise Yee keepers of the treasures of the garden of Eden open the gates and let N. enter enioy the fruites of Paradise good things bee at his right hand pleasant things at his left Heare this O Lord and let his comming be in peace Then lay they him into the ground and his neerest kinsmen cast in the first earth after which they turne to the East with diuers other blessings When they returne they blow themselues backwards three times and throw grasse ouer their heads signifying their hope of the resurrection according to that Es 66.14 and your bones shall bud as the grasse saying also Dust thou art and to Dust thou shalt returne Then doth euery one mutter a Prayer to himselfe as he goeth out of the buriall place In the porch of the Synagogue God shall destroy death for euer say they and wipe away all teares from their eyes and will take away their reproach from all the earth for the Lord hath spoken it Then enter they into the Synagogue and leape vp and downe and change their Seates seuen times and there say ouer their Purgatorie-prayer Kaddisch The Mourners goe bare-foote seuen dayes and eate not Flesh nor drinke Wine except on the Sabbaths and Festiuals They bathe not in three and thirty dayes after cut not their nayles worke not make a pittifull howling c. The first night the Mourner eateth nothing of his owne but meate sent him from his friendes The childe mourneth for his Father a yeere The sonne eleuen moneths saith ouer his Kaddisch for meane sinners are freed sooner but the wicked stay the whole twelue moneths and therefore to persist the twelfth moueth in his prayer should be to acknowledge his father a wicked man And for the effect hereof Rabbi Akibha met once in the way a man with an Asse-like burthen of stickes which vpon examination confessed That hee was a Purgatorie-ghost carrying to burne himselfe such bundles euery day Rabbi Akibha enquired if hee had a Sonne or Wife and where and finding out his sonne taught him this prayer which was so effectuall that in a dreame this Ghost returned to the Rabbi with thankes for his deliuerance and sayd hee was now in Gan Eden or Paradise Rabbi Akibha signified this to the Iewish Synagogues with iniunction to teach their Children this prayer But to returne to our Funerals when they are come backe to the mourning house they wash their hands but obserue not the Mosaicall Rites because the Temple is not standing Then doe they powre out a long blessing ouer a cup of Wine and another ouer their Meate exceeding much longer Their Purgatorie-Prayer or as Genebrard calleth it their Requiem vel libera is this It is better to go into the house of mourning then into the house of feasting in which is the end of all men which let the liuing remember Let vs heare the end Feare GOD and keepe his Commandements this is the dutie of euery man A sure rest in the high habitation vnder the wings of GOD in the degree of the Saints shining as the brightnesse of the skie The change of bonds pardon of sinnes grant of saluation indulgence and mercie from the sight of him which dwels in Heauen and a portion in the life to come there let the portion be and the dwelling of the soule of the wise Master N. The Spirit of the Lord make him to rest in Gan Eden and giue him peace as it is written in Esay Let peace come and let him rest in beds walking before it he and all the deceased of Israel through his mercie Amen They write also on the Tombe Let his soule bee in the Garden of Eden Amen Or Let his soule bee bound in the bundle of life And sometimes Thou art the Tombe of N. which departed into Eden such a day of such a moneth and yeere Thus poore Purgatorie with Iewes and Romists is preached by walking Ghosts They haue a light burning for the dead seuen dayes They powre the water out of the doores because the Angell of Death washed his sword lately vsed in water and enuenometh it This his sword he holdeth in his hand at the beds head hauing on the end thereof three drops of gall The sicke man spying this Deadly Angell openeth his mouth with feare then those drops fall in of which one killeth him the second maketh him pale the third rotteth and putrifieth Elias Leuita addeth that after a man is dead the Angell of Death commeth and sitteth on his Graue and presently the soule entreth into his body and hee maketh him stand on his feet hauing to that purpose in his hand a chayne halfe of yron and halfe of fire wherewith hee striketh him At the first blow his members are dissolued at the second his bones are scattered then come the Angels and gather them at the third hee is brought to dust and ashes and returneth into his Graue And this sayth R. Meir is more grieuous then the iudgement of Hell for the iust and the sonnes of the Princes and abortiues are iudged therewith except they which dye on the Eeuen
them both because they had sent him no Embassage and for that they worshipped onely these two Deities Heauen for that it containeth the Sun and Stars and Dionysius because he had inuaded the Indians and therefore equalling this his owne expedition to that of Dionysius hee would also for robbing of men bee reckoned a god Strabo saith that in respect of the wealthinesse of this Countrey he had thought had not death preuented him to haue made Arabia the Imperiall seat Hee affirmeth also that Sesostris the Egyptian King passing through Arabia in that his renowmed expedition erected there in diuers places Egyptian Temples and superstitions that the Troglodytae which dwelt in Caues and bordering on the Egyptians by some reputed Arabians were circumcised as the Arabians and Egyptians were The Arabians by testimony both of old and late Writers are accounted no warlike people Virgil sings of them Molles sua thura Sabaei In elder and later times they were gouerned by their Phylarchi or heads of the Tribe or Linage They take Tributes and Customes accordingly rather by a robbing force then ciuill forme making their will their law On the one side of Euphrates they acknowledge some obedience to the Turkes such as it is On the other side not so much as appeares by the passage downe Euphrates recorded by Gasparo Balbi William Parry and others in some places paying a Custome in others like to bee robbed of all The ancient Arabians which dwelt in the Cities are said to haue in each Citie a Prince faire houses and Temples after the Egyptian manner and then Strabo saith Arabia Foelix was diuided into fiue Kingdomes The Nabbathaeans worship the Sunne burning Frankincense on an Altar vnto him They neglect the bodies of the Dead burying euen their Kings in a dung-hill Of the other Arabians hee reporteth that they vsed incestuous copulation with Sister and Mother Adultery with them is death but that onely is Adultery which is out of the same Kindred otherwise all of the same bloud to vse the same woman is their incestuous honestie When fifteen brothers Kings Sons had by their continuall company tyred their owne and only sister she deuised a meanes to rid her selfe or at least to ease her somewhat of that trouble And therfore whereas the custome was that he which went in left his staffe at the doore to prohibite others entrance shee got like staues and alway hauing one at the doore was disburthened of their importunitie euery one that came thinking some other had beene there before them But they being once altogether one of them stole from his fellowes and finding this staffe at the doore accused his sister to his father of adultery whereof by discouery of the Truth shee was cleered Linschoten telleth of the like practice obserued by the Nairos in Cochin leauing their Armes at the doore when they enter to their Nairo-Kinswomen which they vse likewise in common being neuer married Their Circumcision they obserued as some write at the thirteenth yeere of their age imitating Ismael herein Euery one abideth in his Fathers profession The possessions and wealth are common to the whole kindred Alexander ab Alexandro nameth Dyasares an Arabian Deitie Their Priests hee saith were attired in linnen garments with Mitres and Sandals Solinus affirmeth that they abstaine from Swines flesh neither will that sweet aire of Arabia breathe life to that sordid and stinking creature This is the Happie Arabia where happinesse maketh them vnhappy their sweets breeding bitter effects in diseasing their bodies which they are forced to cure with the sents of Brimstone and Goats beards burnt That which others admire and almost adore for rarenesse and excellencie is here there common fuell for their fire Vulcans deuouring iawes being fed with hearbs shrubs trees gummes spices for humane and diuine vses most esteemed Frankincense saith Plinie groweth onely in Arabia but not in euery place thereof About the midst of the Countrey is Sabota the chiefe Citie of the Sabaeans in a hie Mountaine eight Mansions from thence is the Region of Frankincense which is called Sabba that is a mystery looking toward the East euery way guarded and made vnpassable with Rockes The soyle is Reddish inclining to white The length of the Frankincense-wood is twentie schoeni the bredth halfe as much a scoenus in this account is fiue miles Other Arabians besides these and the Minaei see not this tree nor all of these but onely some three hundred Families vnto whom the right of these Rites deuolueth by succession Therefore they are called Sacri Holy neither may they in the time when they cut them bee polluted with knowledge of Women or with Funerals What manner of tree it is Plinie saith he knew not nor any Roman to his knowledge They gathered it in the Spring and Autumne they cut the trees from whence it sweateth There needes no watch to keepe them but the innocencie of the Inhabitants When Alexander in his youth bestowed large store of Frankincense in his deuotions Leonides his Master told him hee should so doe when he had conquered the Countrey where it grew Hee after enioyning some part of Arabia sent him a ship laden with Frankincense and bade him serue the gods plentifully The Frankincense when it is gathered is carried on Camels to Sabota by one way out of which to goe were capitall There they pay the tythes to a god which they call Sabis The Priests take it by measure not by weight Certaine portions are allowed to them and to the Kings Scribes Plautus therefore calls it Frankincense Odor Arabicus Virgil calls it Panchaan and Sabaean Frankincense The manifold Rites which the Heathens vsed in their holy things with this drug Stuckius sheweth at large Here also grew the Myrrhe in the same woods and among the Trogloditae But this and Cinamon and other things which grew elsewhere as well as here need not much discourse They vsed yet some Religion in gathering of their Cinamon as some obserue sacrificing before they began and after diuiding what they had gathered with a sacred speare assigning a portion to the Sunne if the diuision be iustly made the Sun sealeth his consent by fire with his beames consuming the same Thus much of their Spices and holy drugs Of their other riches I meane not to speake saue of their sheepe with great tayles some of which weigh fortie pound These kinde of sheepe are common through Africa euen to the Cape of Good Hope neere to which at Soldania our men haue bought many for little pieces of old iron Leo saith he saw one at Cairo whose tayle supported by a Cart with wheeles for else she could not haue carried it weighed fourescore pound and heard of such as weighed a hundred and thirtie pound Paul presently after his conuersion preached the Gospel in Arabia Panchaea and another Iland called Sacra are adioyned by Diodorus to Arabia both fertile as
and by their weight leaue so deepe impression in the sand that hereby men knowing their haunt doe vnder set this their Tract with sharpe stakes headed with yron couering the same againe with sand by this meanes preying on the spoyler and deuouring the deuourer esteeming nothing more sauorie then the flesh nor more medicinable then the gall of this Serpent More Serpentine then this diet was that custome which they vsed when any proper and personable Gentleman of valourous Spirit and goodly presence lodged in any house amongst them in the night they killed him not for the spoyle but that his soule furnished with such parts of body and mind might remaine in that house Much hope of future happinesse to that house did they repose in so vnhappy attempts But the great Can killed this Serpent also ouerthrowing this custome in the conquest of that Prouince CARDANDAN confineth on the Westerne limits of Carazan They make blacke lists in their flesh razing the skinne and put therein some blacke tincture which euer remayneth accounting it a great ornament When a woman is deliuered of a child the man lyeth in and keepeth his bed with visitation of Gossips the space of fortie dayes They worship the ancientest person of the house ascribing to him all their good In this prouince and in Caindu Vocian and Iaci they haue no Phisicians but when any be sicke they send for their Witches or Sorcerers and acquaint them with their maladie They cause Minstrels to play while they dance and sing in honour of their Idols not ceasing till the Diuell entereth into one of them of whom those Sorcerers demand the cause of the parties sickenesse and meanes of recouerie The Demoniake answereth for some offence to such or such a god They pray that God of pardon vowing that when he is whole he shall offer him a sacrifice of his owne bloud If the Diuell see him vnlikely to recouer he answereth that his offences are so grieuous that no sacrifice can expiate but if there be likelihood of recouery he enioyneth them a sacrifice of so many Rams with blacke heads to be offered by these Sorcerers assembled together with their wiues then will that god be reconciled This is presently done by the kinsemen of the sicke the sheepe killed their bloud hurled vp towards Heauen The Sorcerers and Sorceresses make great lights and incense all this visited house making a smoke of Lignum Aloes and casting into the ayre the water wherein the sacrificed flesh was sodden with some spiced drinkes laughing singing dancing in honour of that God After all this reuel-rout they demand againe of the Demoniake if the God be appeased : if so they fall to those spiced drinkes and sacrificed flesh with great mirth and being well apayed returne home if not they at his bidding renue their superstition ascribing the recouerie if it happen to that Idoll and if he dyeth notwithstanding they shift it off to the want of their full due fleecing or tasting the same before to the Idols defrauding Thus doe they in all Cathay and Mangi Thus much out of the large reports of Paulus that renowmed Venetian to whom our Relations are so much indebted Rubruquius telleth the like of CAILAR and CARACORAM where hee had beene in these Catayan Prouinces concerning their Christopher or Giant-like Idols and Idol Temples in one of which he saw a man with a crosse drawne with inke on his hand who seemed by his answers to bee a Christian with Images like to that of Saint Michael and other Saints They haue a Sect called Iugures whose Priests are shauen and clad in Saffron-coloured garments vnmarried an hundred or two hundred in a Cloyster On their holy-dayes they place in their Temples two long formes one ouer against another whereon they sit with bookes in their hands reading softly to themselues Nor could our Author entring amongst them by any meanes breake this their silence They haue wheresoeuer they goe a string about them full of nut-shels like the Popish beadrols alway they are vttering these words Ou â—am hactani God thou knowest expecting so many rewards as they make such memorials of God They haue a Church-yard and a Church-porch with a long pole on it as it were a steeple adioyning to their Temples In those porches they vse to sit and conferre They weare certaine ornaments of paper on their heads Their writing is downewards and so from the left hand to the right which the Tartars receiued from them They vse Magicall Characters hanging their Temples full of them They burne their dead and lay vp the ashes in the top of a Pyramis They beleeue there is one God that he is a Spirit and their Images they make not to represent God but in memoriall of the rich after their death as they professed to Rubruquius The Priests besides their Saffron-iackets buttoned close before weare on their left shoulder a cloake descending before and behind vnder their right arme like to a Deacon carrying the Housel-boxe in Lent They worship towards the North clapping their hands together and prostrating themselues on their knees vpon the Earth holding also their foreheads in their hands They extend their Temples East and West in length vpon the North side they build as it were a Vestrie on the South a Porch The doores of their Temples are alwayes opened to the South A certaine Nestorian Priest told him of so huge an Idoll that it might be seene two dayes before a man came at it Within the Quier which is on the North side of the Temple they place a chest long and broad like a Table and behind that chest stands their principall Idoll towards the South round about which they place the other lesse Idols and vpon that chest they set candles and oblations They haue great Bels like vnto ours The Nestorians of those parts pray with hands displayed before their breasts so to differ from that Iugurian Rite of ioyning hands in prayer Thus farre William de Rubruquius who was there Anno 1253. In Thebet sayth Odoricus resideth the Abassi or Pope of the Idolaters distributing Religious preferments to those Easterne Idolaters as the Roman Pope doth in the West CHAP. XVII Of other Northerne people adioyning to the Tartars and their Religions THE Permians and Samoits that lye from Russia North and North-east are thought to haue taken their beginning from the Tartar-kind whom they somewhat resemble in countenance The Permians are subiect to the Russe they liue by hunting and trading with their furres as doe the Samoits which dwell more toward the North-Sea The Samoit or Samoed hath his name as the Russe sayth of eating himselfe as if they had sometime beene Canibals and at this time they will eate raw flesh whatsoeuer it be euen the very carrion that lyeth in the ditch They say themselues that they were called Samoie that is of themselues as if they were Indigenae there â—â—ad and not transplanted from
terrible crueltie that a few blowes may either lame or kill the partie And therefore no King is more feared then these Mandarines or Magistrates In the middest of their Cities are Palaces of the Kings for these Officers to reside in In Paquin and Nanquin the multitude of these Magistrates is incredible one of these Cities contayning more then two thousand and fiue hundred as many as somewhere are of Citizens These all twice a day heare causes and execute iustice These Magistrates are no way comparable in wealth to the Nobles in Europe Their sentence against guiltie persons is without solemne furniture of words as Let him haue twentie strokes more or lesse which by those Canine Cane-men is suddenly executed the partie lying grouelling on the ground These Canes are cleft in the midst three or foure fingers broad twentie or thirtie blowes will spoyle the flesh fiftie or threescore will aske long time to be healed an hundred are vncurable They vse also the Strappado hoysing them vp and downe by the armes with a cord They bee aboue measure patient in hearing causes and their examinations are publique Condemned persons haue a pillory-boord fastned about their necke and hanging downe before them to the knees in which his Fellony or Treason is expressed which boord neither suffereth them well to sit or lye to eate or sleepe and in fine killeth them There be in euery Metropolitane Citie foure principall houses for those chiefe Officers before mentioned the fourth for the Taissu wherein is the principall Gaole or Prison walled about high and strong with a gate of no lesse force within the same are three other gates before you come where the prisoners lye in the meane space are such as watch and ward day and night The prison within is so great that in it are streets and market-places and neuer void of seuen or eight hundred men that goe at liberty In Canton alone are said to bee 15000. prisoners and in this and euery other Metropolitane Citie thirteene prisons sixe of which are alwayes possessed or doe possesse rather those which are condemned to death In euery of them are a hundred Souldiers with their Captayne to keepe them The offendors are allowed to worke in the day-time for their liuing for little almes are giuen in China and but a little Rice allowed them by the King Such prisoners as are in for debt haue a (null) appointed for payment at which if they fayle they are whipped and a new time assigned and so they proceed till the debt bee paid or the debtor dead If any man remoue his dwelling from one place to another the Neighbours cause a Cryer to proclaime it with ringing of a Bason that his creditors if hee haue any may come to demand their debts which the Neighbours if they neglect this dutie are charged with Executions of deadly sentence are seldome and that with many ceremonies Thus it comes to passe that of whippings and imprisonment there die thousands yeerely Theeues are slightly punished the first time The second they are burned with two characters on the arme the third receiueth the same punishment on the face If he steale oftner hee is whipped more or lesse or condemned for a certayne time to the Gallies This makes pilfries common for they are neuer done to death for the euery Many extraordinary crimes haue new deuised extraordinary punishments as after in this history followeth One had so freely libelled against the Kings tyrannies that many were cruelly tormented being thereof suspected and one by torments confessed the fact and was therefore a diudged to haue 1600. pieces of his flesh cut from him his head vntouched that his eyes might see this mangling and lastly his head cut off which amongst them is a great abomination Others accused of treason at Nanquin were forced to stand in those pillory boords till they rotted some continuing fifteene dayes in torment Those which our-liue their beatings must passe vnder the Surgeons hands for cure which ordinarily proue new tormentors except money make them propitious and this the Iesuites report of their owne fauours amongst them in all difficulties money hath bin their best friend without which is no friendship in China no Faith no Loue no Hope of them But by following Perera sometime a prisoner there into his prison others I find my selfe almost imprisoned and therfore will flee hence into their Temples there take Sanctuary Here they deale as madly with their gods as there with their men Yet first let vs take view of some rare workes of diuine Prouidence in this Countrey Ludouicus Georgius in his Map of China describeth a huge Lake in the Prouince of Sancij made by inundation in the yeere of our Lord 1557 . wherein were swallowed seuen Cities besides Townes and Villages and innumerable multitudes of people one only Child in a hollow tree escaping so great a destruction Such as escaped drowning were as Boterus addeth destroyed with fire from heauen Gasper de Cruz reciteth a Letter of the Mandarines to the King 1556. containing newes of a terrible Earth-quake in the Prouinces of Sanxi and Santon wherein the day waxed darke The earth opened the yeere before in many places vnder which was heard the noise as it were of bells there followed winde and raine The winde which they call Tufan is so violent that it driueth ships on the land ouerthroweth men and houses it commeth almost euery yeere once lasteth foure and twentie houres in which space it compasseth the Compasse In Vinyanfu the Earth-quake caused a fire to breake out which consumed all the Citie and innumerable people The like happened to another Citie neere it where none escaped It caused the Riuer at Leuchimen to encrease and drowne multitudes At Hien the fall of the houses slue eight thousand In Puchio the house of the Kings kinsmen fell and slue all therein but a child Cochu with fire from aboue and waters from beneath was left desolate At Enchinoen almost an hundred thousand perished At Inchumen the Riuer ebbed and flowed ten times in a day and night This perhaps was the same with that which Georgius and Boterus mention Boterus ascribeth vnto China seuentie millions of people whereas hee alloweth to Italy scarce nine and to Spaine lesse to England three to all Germany with the Switzers and Low-Countries but fifteene and as many to all France Lamentable it is that the Deuill should haue so great a tribute in this one Kingdome Gonsales in his Discourse of China translated by Parkes reckoneth I know not how truely almost seuen millions of Souldiers in continuall pay Dalmeida numbreth seuentie millions and two hundred and fiftie thousand Inhabitants besides Souldiers and reckoning but the principall in each Family often-times not aboue three of ten as their Bookes testifie I thought it not impertinent here to adde the Catalogue of the Kings of this countrey according to their owne stories which although it be in part fabulous as what ancient prophane
serue one thousand of them a day When the wormes by reason of that chaine breeding in his flesh fell off he would place it there againe and aske if it had nothing to gnaw His carkasse is still kept there to which are pilgrimages out of all the Kingdome and this Temple built to his honor The Regulars are diuided into twelue stations and each hath a Superior besides One supreme ouer all the rest They professed chastitie but their house was both a stewes for whoredome and a denne of theeues and robbers Here were many huge Idols of brasse and other metall and of wood gilded in one station fiue hundred They had diuers steeples and bells in them one so great that they had neuer seene so great a bell in Europe The Corpse of Lusu was shewed them which they worship but many doubt whether it be the true for could it escape the wormes which had seised on it aliue kept in the midst of the Temple in a high place where hang fiftie lamps which burne at appointed times The Abbot of this Monasterie confessed that in ancient times the Chinois had worshipped no Idols but that they were politically appointed by Magistrates lest the vulgar should bee without all Religion They haue their Chappels in great mens houses But we will take view onely of the Kings Temple at Nanquin and so end This is a Royall one indeed for greatnesse and statelinesse It is built in a groue of Pine-trees neere the Citie which is compast with a wall twelue miles in circuit The Temple after the China manner of building is most of timber the wals of brick diuided into fiue Iles with rowes of pillars on both sides which are of round timber as big as two men can fathome the roofe is carued and guilded verie faire hauing lost nothing of the beautie though not vsed by the Kings for sacrifice in this their two hundred yeeres absence In the midst is an eminent place of precious Marble in which are two Thrones of Marble one for the King to sacrifice in the other left emptie for him to whom he doth sacrifice The Cloisters without the Temple are beautified with elegant turnings and all the windowes netted with yron to keepe out birds which is vsed also in all the Palace All the doores of the Temple are couered with plates of brasse guilded and richly carued without the Temple are many Altars of red Marble which represented the Sun Moone Starres and China Mountaines whereby they inferre that the god there worshipped created all things which are therefore set without the Temple as acknowledged not to be gods No man vnder grieuous penalties may cut a bough off any of the trees in that groue which makes them great and old About the Temple are many Cels which were baths in which the Kings and Ministers washed before sacrifice There Altars are of the Dutch fashion that one may goe round about them §. IX Of their Funeralls THe Chinois are very superstitiously conceited of Death and are exceeding loth to haue any die in their house Linschoten writeth That when a man lies on his death-bed they present vnto him the picture of the Deuill with the Sunne in his right hand and a Poniard in his left bidding the sicke man looke well on him that hee may be his friend in the other world How euer the sicke be visited let vs now performe our last office to these Chinois and follow them to their graues Many are the Ceremonies which they there obserue in Funerals As they honor their parents in their life time being otherwise lyable to grieuous punishments yea some of their chiefest Mandarines will sue for the Kings licence to leaue their publike function to giue priuat and more diligent attendance to their parents so after their death they mourne three yeeres in white Hats and Garments although they beare the highest Magistracies in the Kingdome as the Colai c. the militarie Magistrates excepted The first moneths they gird vnto them a rough Vesture with a rope like the bare-foot Friers This is not onely obserued of the meaner sort but the mightiest Mandarines after newes of their fathers death leaue their function and in their priuate houses bewaile their losse The wealthier sort keepe them aboue ground two or three yeeres in a Parlour fitted for that purpose whither they daily resort vnto them to salute them and to burne Incense and set meates before them Sometimes also the Bonzij or Priests resort thither with their Dirges and holy things Their wiues children and neighbours come likewise to bewaile them being admonished of the death by the sonne or neerest of the kindred in a solemne Libell mournfully composed The Hall is spread with white Clothes or Matts in the midst thereof is an Altar and thereon the Coffin and Image of the dead To that Hall within foure or fiue dayes all the kindred come in mourning attyre one after another euery houre of the day and burne odours and set two Wax-lights to the dead making foure bowings and kneelings after their fashion before deliuered the sonne meane while standing by and modestly lamenting Behind the Coffin are the women of the house hid behind a curtaine in mourning weedes and howling behauiour They burne Paper and white Silkes so thinking to minister apparell to the dead They will not vse their wonted lodging diet and delights but lye on Straw Mattresses on the bare ground neere the Coffin eate no Flesh or Dainties drinke no Wine Bathe not companie not with their Wiues come not at Feasts nor for certaine moneths space abroad alwaies remitting more of this austeritie as the three yeares grow neerer an end They vse not the same apparell house-hold furniture salutations They colour part of the Paper in which they write with another colour They obserue not their wonted proper names but call themselues otherwise as Disobedient or such like Musick is banished their dyet is hard When the corpes is to bee buried all the kindred come together being re-invited with another Libell in mourning habit The pompe is in manner of Procession diuers Statues of Men and Women Elephants Tygres and Lyons all of Paper diuers-coloured and gilded goe before which at the graue are burned A long rancke of Priests also attend which performe many Rites by the way pattering their prayers and playing on Tymbrels Pipes Cymballs Bells and other Instruments Likewise huge Censers of Bell-metall are carried on mens shoulders Then followes the Coffin adorned sumptuously carried of forty or fifty Bearers vnder a great Canopie of Silke The children come after on foot leaning on their staues as fainting Then then the women vnseene vnder a white curtaine and then other women further in bloud carryed in mourning chayres They assemble as many Priests as they can which on musicall Instruments and with their voyces tune their mournefull Ditties The place whither the corps is carried is adorned with diuers Images The Coffin is very large the
be the Reliques of the Tartarian conquests in those parts so Adelham is King of Iustice Neza in the Persian which Scaliger saith is of like extent in the East as Latine in the West is a Lance Maluco signifieth the Kingdome Neza or Nizamaluco the Speare or Lance of the kingdom So Cotamaluco the Tower of the kingdom Imadmaluco the Throne of the Kingdome c Nizamaluco is also called Nizamoxa which Xa or Scha is a Persian title signifying as Monsieur in France Don in Spaine and giuen by Ismael the Sophi and Tamas his sonne to all those Kings that would communicate in their Sect which Nizamoxa only yeelded to Other of them made shew but soone recanted Thus farre Garcias The Decan Kings being now ten or twelue make joynt warre against the Mogoll hauing one Lieutenant Generall which is Amber Chapu an Abassen slaue before mentioned out of Captaine Hawkins who hath many Lecks of Rupias in ready money and is Protector of the Kingdome of Amdanagar the titular King being a childe One Robert Iohnson an Englishman turned Moore and was entertained with much respect of one of the Decan Kings but died eight dayes after his Circumcision So were Robert Claxon and Robert Trally voluntarily robbed of that which they neuer had Faith and Religion and turned Moores The Decans dominians reach from the West Sea to that of Choromandel or very neere thereto The chiefe reason of their Mahumetan Religion was that Conquest by Nosaradin and his successors Moores that there are so many Kingdomes proceed from that diuision before mentioned §. III. Of the Banian and Cambayan superstitions THe Religion in Cambaya is partly Moorish partly Heathenish The Banians are many in Sinda and other Countries of the Mogol There are some thirty Casts of them in Sinda this is the Countrey which Indus last forsaketh inhabited by Boloches and Rasbooches and Banians the great Townes and Cities gouerned by Mogols These are of thirty different Sects which may not eate with each other They must also marry in their owne Cast Tribe and Sect and which is more in the same trade as the Sonne of a Barber with a Barbers Daughter These marriages are made when they be yong sometime almost before they be For when two women are pregnant the Parents will make a match betweene their Children if death or the sexe disappoint not When they are three or foure yeeres old the Parents which haue agreed on a match betweene their Children make a great feast and set this young couple on horsebacke a man behind each of them to hold them in their best clothes accompanied with the Bramenes or Priests and many others according to their state and so leade them vp and downe the Citie where they dwell and then to the Pagode or Temple After Ceremonies there done they come home and make festiuall cheere certaine dayes as they are able At ten yeeres of age they lie together The burning their dead is common to all their Sects They are of the Pythagorean or he was rather of their fancy which he learned of the Indians When the husband dies the wife shaues her head and weares her jewels no more so continuing till death Thus farre Master Withington M. Couert relateth that they haue God in pictures of stone hanging their Beades on the heads of the pictures and then with their faces towards the Sunne doe worship it saying all their comforts proceed from it I saw a Kow adorned with Iewels and a Vest of gold her head bedecked with garlands flowers and then being brought to a burial place where they vse to make Sermons they kisse her feet and teats and worship her I asking why they did so they answered that she was the mother of beasts brought them milke butter cheese and the Oxe to till the ground and lastly her Hide did make leather to make them shooes Moreouer they say she is blest by the Mother of God to be honored aboue all beasts Another writes that these Banians are the wisest Merchants in the East exceeding the Iewes very rich some worth 2. or 300000li. He addes that they pay a great summe to the Mogol to preuent killing of Oxen and when our men had shot a Turtle-doue through the wings they will giue a Riall of eight to redeeme and preserue it Generall Downton in his last Iournall writes that when they would haue obtained a Bazar or Market by the shoare answere was made that they might but not for Bullocks For the Mogol had granted his Firma to the Banians for a mighty summe yeerly to saue their liues For Souldiery these are but shadowes of men all their Fortitude smoking out in these superstitious speculations and therefore an easie prey to any Inuader So true a 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 haue they sustained being metamorphosed and transanimated from men to blockes and liuing statues or to ghosts Beniamin Day nameth one of their Sects called Ash-men whose bodies being most part naked are couered with ashes whereby they looke like ghosts or dead men They liue idlely on reliefe not so much as begging One of these was in great account with haire hanging to his feet platted together his nailes fiue or sixe inches long Vertomannus is Author that they worship not Idols or Pagodes Others report That this way aad others they are exceeding religiously deuoted They obserue a strict kind of fasting which lasteth with some eight dayes with others fifteene twenty or thirty dayes in all which space they eate not a bit onely when they thirst drinke water One could not see when to make an end of this his penance till his left eye fell out of his head as both had done before out of his heart In Cambaia they had one Bramene in such reputation of holinesse and honour that they would salute him before they meddled with their worldly affaires One affirmed to this Iesuite That if his Bramene should command him to distribute all his goods to the poore he would doe it yea he would lay downe his life at his command On the eight day of Ianuarie i in that Citie were giuen in almes twenty thousand Pardawes which is in value about a Flemish Dollar one man had giuen fiue thousand thereof another three thousand another fifteene hundred The cause was because that day as their Bramenes affirmed the Sunne departed from Sur to Horte Of their Pilgrimages is spoken before some Eastward to Ganges some Westward to Mecca to wit the Moores not men alone but women also and because Mahomet hath forbidden all vnmarried women this holy Iourney they will marrie before they set forth and dissolue the same marriage againe after their returne Hereby they thinke to purchase merit with God I went one day sayth Pinnerus to the publike Hospitall which the Citizens of Cambaia had founded for all kindes of Birds to cure them in their sicknesse Some Peacockes were there incurable and therefore might haue
superstition They marry but one wife and admit no second succeeding marriage The Bramenes must descend of the Bramene Tribe and others cannot aspire to that Priesthood but some are of higher account then other For some serue for messengers which in time of warre and among theeues may passe safely and are called Fathers They will not put a Bramene to death for any crime Heurnius reporteth that they haue bookes and Prophets which they alledge for confirmation of their opinions that they thinke God to be of blacke colour that they worship the herbe Amaracus or Marioram with many superstitious Ceremonies that they haue in their writings the Decalogue with the explanation thereof that they adjure all of their Society vnto silence touching their mysteries that they haue a peculiar language as Latine in these parts wherein they teach the same in their Schooles that their Doctors hallow the Sundayes in diuine worship adoring the God which created heauen and earth often repeating the sentence I adore thee O God with thy grace and aide for euer to take food from the hands of a Christian they account as sacrilege When they are seuen yeeres old they put about their necke a string two fingers broad made of the skinne of a beast called Cressuamengan like a wilde Asse together with the haire which he weareth till he is fourteene yeeres old all which time he may not eate Betelle That time expired the said string is taken away and another of three threeds put on in signe that hee is become a Bramene which hee weareth all his life They haue a Principall amongst them which is their Bishop which correcteth them if they doe amisse They marrie but once as is said and that not all but onely the eldest of the brethen to continue the Succession who is also heire of the fathers substance and keepeth his wife straitly killing her if he finde her adulterous with poison The yonger brethren lie with other mens wiues which account the same as a singular honour done vnto them hauing libertie as Balby affirmeth to enter into any mans house yea of the Kings no lesse then of the Subjects of that Religion the husbands leauing the wiues and the brethren their sisters vnto their pleasures and therefore departing out of the house when they come in And hence it is that no mans sonne inheriteth his fathers goods and I knowe not whether they may inherite that name of father or sonne but the sisters sonne succeedeth as being most certaine of the bloud They eate but once a day and wash before and after meate as also when they make water and goe to stoole They haue great cournuâ—s belonging to their Churches besides offerings and at set houres of the day resort thither to sing and doe other their holy Rites Twice in the day and as often in the night their Pagode is taken out of the Altar and set on the Bramenes head looking backward and is carried in Procession three times about the Church the Bramenes wiues carrying lights burning euery time they come to the principall doore of the Church which is on the West side thereof some Churches haue two doores on a side they set it downe on their offering-stone and worship it Twice a day they bring it to eate of their sod Rice as often it seemeth as the Bramene is hungry When they wash them which is often they lay a little ashes on their heads foreheads and breasts saying that they shall returne into ashes When the Bramenes wife is with childe as soone as he knoweth it he cleanseth his teeth and abstaineth from Betelle and obserueth fasting till shee bee deliuered The Kings of Malabar will scarce eate meate but of their dressing They are of such estimation that if Merchants trauell among theeues and robbers one Bramene in the companie secureth them all which Bramene will eate nothing of another mans dressing and would not become a Moore for a Kingdome Nic. di Conti saith he saw a Bramene three hundred yeeres old hee addeth that they are studious in Astrologie Geomancie and Philosophie To be short they are the Masters of Ceremonies and the Indian Religion in whose precepts the Kings are trained vp The Bramenes haue it seemeth much familiaritie with the Deuill so strangely doe they foretell things to come though they bee contingent They also interpret Prodigies Lots Auguries and thereby growe into great credit the people depending on them and the Kings becomming of their Order They perswade the people that their Pagodes doe often feast together and therefore would haue such dainties offered which they and theirs deuoure threatning if they be sparing and niggardly plenty of Plagues and diuine wrath Besides these Secular There are other Religious or Monasticall Bramenes which are called Iogues anciently called by the Greekes Gymnosophists because they went naked and so they still doe professing much austeritie of life at least for a time with long Pilgrimages and much bodily exercise little profiting the soule possessing nothing but want and beggarie seeking thereby to winne credite to themselues and their Sect The Verteas I take to bee another Sect the religious Votaries of the Banians or Pythagoreans Both those and these are kindes of Ethnike Monkes which professe by strict penance and regular obseruations to expiate their sinnes and procure saluation to their soules There are also some that liue as Heremites in Desarts some in Colledges some wander from place to place begging some an vnlearned kind are called Sanasses some contrary to the rest nothing esteeme Idols obserue chastitie twenty or fiue and twenty yeeres and feed daily on the pith of a fruit called Caruza to preserue in them that cold humour neither doe they abstaine from flesh fish or wine and when they passe along the way one goeth before them crying Poo Poo that is way way that women especially may auoid for their vow will not permit the sight of a woman These weare not the three threads which the other Bramenes weare neither are their bodies burned after death as of the rest yea the King himselfe honoreth them and not they the King some liue inclosed in iron Cages all filthie with ashes which they strew on their heads and garments some burne some part of their body voluntarily All are vain-glorious and seeke rather the shell then the kernell the shew then the substance of holinesse Xauerius once in conference with the Bramens demanding of them what their God commanded to those that would come to Heauen was answered Two precepts one to abstaine from killing of Kine in whose shape the Gods were worshipped and the other to obserue the Bramenes the Ministers of their Gods But they haue more mysticall learning which one of them secretly disclosed to the Iesuite This was of a famous Schoole College or Vniuersity of those Bramenes all the Students whereof at their first Admission he said were sworne by solemne Oath vnto
Parimal There are two sorts of Moores one Mesticos of mixed seed of Moore-fathers and Ethnike-mothers called Naiteans Mungrels also in their Religion the other Forreiners which come thither in trading There are also many Iewes which haue almost lost their Iudaisme minding more their merchandize then superstition Besides those former Sects Stephanus de Brito speaketh of the Maleas which inhabit small Villages in the Mountaynes which are Hunters of Elephants amongst whom are no thefts or robberies and therefore they leaue their doores open when they goe abroad They haue no Idoll amongst them only they obserue their Ancestours Sepulchres These haue no Commerce with their Neighbours nor are much subiect to Kings only pay them a kinde of tribute hauing Arelli set ouer them as Iudges or Magistrates vnder each of them fiue or sixe thousand men Their houses are made of Indian Canes dawbed with earth and some liue on trees laying beames from one tree to another and so building them lofty Cottages free from Tygres and wilde Elephants whereof the Montaynes are full which they take in Pits couered ouer with leaues They haue fertile fields and Valleyes but not diligently husbanded They are content with one Wife which they carry with them whithersoeuer they goe though but a Hunting-voyage They are as other Malabars naked from the waste vpwards a long garment hangs thence to the ankles and on their heads a Turbant as the Mores Their necke eares and nostrils are laden with gold For the Malabars weare gold aswell for nose-rings as eare-rings These Maleas are of better estimation then the base vulgar nor is it accounted a pollution to touch them no more then other Nairos or Thomaean Christians They haue their Pipes and Tabors on their Feasts They are also Sorcerers acd diuine by familiar Spirits but vse not to kill or hurt men by Witch-craft as other Indians and Malabars doe A witty docible honest people perhaps descended of those Malliani which Plutarch and Curtius mention in the life of Alexander Of the Feast which all the Malabar-Kings hold euery twelfth yeare in honour of the Riuer Ganges we haue there spoken where we haue discoursed of the Riuer This Feast lasteth eight and twentie or thirtie dayes with great solemnitie the Samorin euery day washing himselfe and offering Sacrifices to Ganges after which hee returnes to his Palace with innumerable troupes of men riding vpon an Elephant in great pompe and three dayes after in the morning and euening with greatest Royaltie makes shew of himselfe in a high Throne many Lampes of gold and siluer burning about him many Peeces discharged with other ceremonie of State The King prostrates himselfe on the ground and three times doth reuerence to the People and they to Him the Kings Vassals then doing him homage After this many Champions exercise their Fencing-skill before him and at the sound of Instruments the chiefe Nobles by two and two in a ranke with their faces to the ground doe reuerence the Elephants are likewise to honour Him Twentie thousand Crownes are spent on this solemnitie by the King Another more diuellish rite followes About the yeare 1520. the Zamorin slue a certaine King In memorie whereof the Successors of that King send a certayne number of their Souldiers to reuenge his death themselues being sure to be slaine these are called Amocae which are Clients to that King and are either to come themselues or to send so many Souldiers to the number of thirtie which rush among the People and kill as many as they can themselues certayne to be killed of the Kings Souldiers CHAP. XI Of the Kingdome of Narsinga and Bisnagar §. I. Of their Funerall and Idolatrous bloudie Rites FRom those places where our feet last rested or touched rather vnto the Cape Guadauerin betwixt that ridge of Mountaines called Gate and the Ocean which is there named the Gulfe of Bengala trendeth the Kingdome of Narsinga or Bisnagar those two Royall Cities contending which shall giue name to this mightie Empire containing two hundred leagues of Sea-coast The King hath in continuall pay forty thousand Nairos But as occasion serueth he can bring into the field many many thousands more as in that Expedition against Idalkan specified by Barrius and Boterus in which was a world of people seuen hundred thousand foot fortie thousand horse seuen hundred Elephants twentie thousand harlots Hee sacrificed also vnto Idols twentie thousand seuen hundred and threescore head of Beasts and Fowles in nine dayes space which in Idoll-deuotion were all bestowed after on the poore In the yeare of our Lord 1565. Biznagar was sacked by foure Kings of the Mores as saith Frederike naming them Dialkan Zamaluc Cotamaluc and Viridy through treason of two More Captaines which had seuen or eight score thousand Souldiers vnder them but being of the same Religion with the Kings of Decan betrayed their owne King forsaking him in the midst of the battaile This was a iust reward of treason to the true King of Biznegar For three Captaines had kept the King thirtie yeares as prisoner once a yeare shewing him to the people themselues ruling the State When he dyed then Ramaragio exalted himselfe to the Throne Temiragio the second swayed the gouernment and the third Bengahe was Generall of the Armie Onely Temiragio escaped and returned when the Decans had sacked the Citie and were gone to Beznegar and sent to Goa great promises for Horses if any Merchants would bring any Whereupon Frederike went with other Merchants which carried store of them but brought no store of money in payment the Tyrant accepting the Horses but paying nothing Temiragio temoued his Court from Bezneger to Penegorde eight dayes iourney within Land And his sonne put to death the sonne of that King before mentioned which had beene imprisoned as this also had beene till Death by a murthering hand freed him Hence grew many broyles the Nobles refusing to acknowledge this New King and thus Bezneger being forsaken remained after this an Habitation for Tygres and wild Beasts containing in circuit foure and twentie myles as our Author that stayed there seuen moneths affirmeth He neuer saw Palace exceeding that of Biznagar It had nine Gates with guards of Souldiers Here hee obserued their Rites in burning the women so often mentioned which after his and Balby his relations are thus I haue declared the like for substance before this as in some Rites differing I adde also The woman taketh two or three moneths respite after her husbands death The day being come she goeth earely out of her house mounted on a Horse or Elephant or else on a Stage carried by eight men apparelled like to a Bride adorned with Iewels and her haire about her shoulders holding in her left hand a Looking-glasse in the right an Arrow and singeth as shee passeth through the Citie saying That she goeth to sleepe with her husband She is accompanied with her friends vntill it be one or two of the clocke in the afternoone
second of fresh the third of Honey the fourth of Milke the lift of Tair which is Creame beginning to sowre the sixt of Sugar the seuenth of Butter that the Earth had nine corners whereby it was borne vp by the Heauen Others dissented and said that the Earth was borne vp by seuen Elephants the Elephants feete stood on Tortoises and they were borne by they know not what When the Naicho of Tangaor died 375. of his Concubines willingly offered themselues to the fire to honour his Funerall so much can Custome harden so delicate and soft-hearted a nature The Temples in the Countrey haue great reuenues which in some places are encreased by the deuotion of women which prostitute themselues to gaine for their Idols and many young Girles are brought vp for this purpose Many are in these parts of the Sect of the Guzzarates which kill no quicke thing as is spoken Some haue a stone hanging about their necks as bigge as an Egge with certaine lines drawne thorow the middle thereof and this they worship and call it Tambarane they keepe euery Friday holi-day The Kingdome of Orissa hath on the Sea-coast 350. miles betwixt the richer Kingdomes of Bengala and Bisnagar poore of Ports and Traffique Frederike writes that before the King of Patane had conquered Orissa there was great Trade for Oile of Zerzeline Lacca Long Pepper Ginger Mirabolans and cloth made of herbs which grow with a bowle as bigge as an Orange yeelding silke The Countrey was so safe that a man might haue trauelled with his Gold in his hand The King was a Gentile and resided in the Citie Catecha sixe dayes Iourney within Land The King of Patane was soone after subdued by the Mogoll The Inhabitants except a few Moores are Gentiles little or nothing that I can learne differing in Rites from their Neighbours of which yee haue heard Some ascribe to the Citie Orissa as the name so the Principalitie of the other Cities of this Kingdome In these parts is the Citie of Saint Thomas or Malepur where they say Saint Thomas after he had preached the Gospell to the Indians was martyred and burned The Legend which some report of his death were too tedious to recite and as little likelihood of truth is in that long tale of the miraculous Crucifixes heere found related by Osorius who likewise declareth the Rites of those Saint Thomas-Christians of their Chaldean-Pope Cardinals Patriarches and Bishops of which in a another place we shall more fitly speake On the first day of Iuly Saint Thomas Holiday is celebrated as well by the Pagans as Christians and his Sepulchre is had in deuout estimation both of the Moores Gentiles and Christians each pretending the right of his owne Religion to the Church where this Saint lieth interred to which the Indian Christians goe on Pilgrimage carrying with them a little of that earth for a great Relique A Moore had the keeping of the Church which was built after our fashion and begged of the commers for maintenance of it and of a light continually burning therein The Portugals now inhabit this Towne almost desolate the Iesuites also haue heere a Residence The Church doores by the Superstition of some are almost cut in pieces and carried away to set in Gold and Siluer and to weare about their neckes as a holy relike the Portugals herein being exceedingly vaine and attributing hereunto many Miracles verifying that Prouerbe which the Spaniards vse affirming the Portugals to be Pocos sotos deuotâ—s One sent Linschoten a whole Bead-roll or paire of Beads thereof the bringer affirming that those Beades had calmed a Tempest miraculously by the way The Inhabitants in this respect haue driuen their Church-doores full of nailes but Saint Thomas bones are now remoued to Goa Those doores are of such renowned holinesse because they were made of that wood which Saint Thomas drew with his girdle out of the Hauen which it choaked and could not before this Miracle by any meanes be remoued One thing I thought not to omit that there bee whole Villages and Kindreds of people in other things like to other men but are borne with one of their legs and one foot from the knee downwards as thicke as an Elephants legge which the common people imagine to be a curse by Diuine Iustice inflicted vpon the whole Generation for that their Progenitors murthered Saint Thomas Linschoten saith he hath seene and spoken with them and could learne no other cause thereof It is to them a deformitie but no let or impediment otherwise The Gouernour of Musulipatan being of Mahomets posteritie had agreed for custome to take foure per centum and exacted twelue Offering the English there diuers wrongs Here the Gentiles haue in those parts a Feast when the New Moone comes vpon Munday and then both Sexes wash themselues in the Sea as a matter of much Indulgence for their sinnes And then after much indignitie the Cape-Merchant Floris performed a worthy exploit deseruing still to flourish though he be dead The Gouernours Sonne being set ouer the Custome and at the Custome-house guarded with his Souldiers Floris entred alone as it were for businesse and as he had plotted a few English followed by diuers wayes which seized on the weapons of the Guard at the Custome-house doore and Floris laid hold of the Gouernours Sonne Wencatadra by name which was suddenly conueyed into their Boat three thousand people presently running to the shoare But being vnder their ships protection they both secured themselues and for redemption of his Sonne forced the Father to pay all debts by him detained with satisfaction for wrongs offered Yet such was his Superstition that he almost first starued a shipboord rather then he would eate or drinke with the English Thus from the foure and twentieth of Nouember till the thirtieth he kept a strict Bramene Fast the English pittying his misery and willing therefore to take pledges in his roome But after that weeke of cleane Lent without eating or drinking he was redeemed the debts being paid by his Father And hence let the Reader iudge of bodily exercise and opus operatum without true faith how little it auaileth In Narsapur Peta a place not farre hence where they Careened the Globe happened in August that yeere such ouerflowings of water that many thousands of men and cattell were drowned Townes Fields of Rice and Salt-hils ouerflowne foure thousand houses washed away and two Stone Bridges ouer the Riuer one of nineteene the other of fifteene Arches comparable to Rochester Bridge standing three fadome aboue water Many Portugals also liue in the parts of Bengala adioyning like Wildmen and Iaric speakes of 1200. which thus obserue not Christianitie and therefore may be reckoned amongst these Heathens And thus haue we finished our perambulation of the Continent of Asia Some perhaps will maruell why I haue not handled the Muscouites and Russians in this Asian Discourse to whom I answere That
people of their money by many deuices as by selling them Scroles to keepe them by the Deuill from hurt of Deuils after death borrowing of money here to repay with great interest in the future World giuing the Creditor a Bill or Scroll of their hands for security by telling of things stolne or lost which they doe by Inchantments calling a Deuill into a child who being so possessed answereth their questions by selling their blessings and curses like Balaam Some by vow the most liue vnmarryed as the Bonzian women Another Sect called janambuxos before their admission into that Order liue two thousand or more together on a high Mountayne for the space of threescore dayes macerating themselues with selfe-inflicted penance the Deuill in diuers shapes meane-while appearing to them And after this they are receiued into that damnable Fellowship distinguished by white flockes hanging downe their neckes curled haire and blacke hats and so wander from place to place giuing notice of their comming by a little Bell. Another Sect called Genguis dwell on some high Hill blacke of complexion and as is supposed horned marrie Wiues of their owne kindred passe ouer great Riuers by the Deuils helpe who on a certaine Hill at times appointed appeareth to them of whom by the name of Amida he is worshipped In another Hill he was wont to appeare to his deuout followers whom then hee would lead as they thought to Paradise indeed to destruction They say that a Sonne not able to perswade his Father from this passage to Paradise secretly followed him with his Bow and Arrowes and when the Deuill appeared shot and wounded a Foxe whom he followed by the bloud to a Lake wherein he found many dead mens bones They haue another Vniuersity in Iapon called Coia whose Bonzian Students are of the Sect of Combendaxis supposed the Inuenter of the Iaponian Letters He in his old age digged a foure-square Caue into which hee conueyed himselfe affirming that hee then dyed not but after some Millions of yeeres would returne in the dayes of one Mirozu which then should be a most worthy King in Iapon About his Sepulchre burne many Lampes sent thither from diuers Nations with opinion that such as enrich that Monument shall themselues here be enriched and in the other life by Combendaxis patronized In the Colledges here liue sixe thousand of those Shauelings from whom women are restrayned vpon paine of death At Fatonochaiti the Bonzij trayned vp witty and proper youths in all trickes of subtlety and guile acquainting them with Genealogies of Princes that so they might counterfeit to bee the sonnes of such or such great men and borrowing money on that credit might enrich their wicked Colledge till the sleight being found they were killed of the Inhabitants There be that worship the Sunne and Moone who haue an Image with three heads which they say is the vertue of the Sunne Moone and Elements These worship the Deuill in visible shape appearing to them with many and costly Sacrifices Some Bonzij play the Physicians which burne certaine papers in which are written the sentences of Cam and Fotoch which papers being burnt they put the ashes in drinke and giue the same to cure diseases and with lyes to turne away lyes and fraudulent dealing Some hold Xacas booke in such veneration that without it they hold it impossible to bee saued Other Bonzij haue beene in other ages in high reputation of holinesse but one especially not a hundred yeeres since the author of the sect called Icoxos the Ruler or Generall of which sect is openly wicked but so adored of the people that if he but looke on them they will salute him with teares of ioy praying him that all their sinnes may bee pardoned and therewith giue him no small quantitie of their gold His yeerly festiuall is so honoured with thronging of the people that in the entrie of the Cloyster many are trodden vnder foot which yet is of the blinde people accounted a happinesse many willingly yeelding themselues to be killed in that presse And in the night whiles his prayses are sung there is a great howling and lamentation Nequiron was author of the sect Foquexan There is an Image or Colossus of Copper in the way from Ozaca to Sorungo called Dabis made hollow sitting vpon his heeles of huge greatnesse and yeelding a great sound if any hallow in the hollow thereof as some of Captaine Saris his companie did At Meaco he obserued one Temple as great as the body of Paules westward from the Quire with a stone roofe borne vp on as high pillars Hee saw an Idoll greater then the former reaching vp to the top of the arch That of Dabis was in their way to the pilgrimage of Tenchadema where Master Adams told him that hee had beene There they euery moneth present the Deuill with a new Virgin instructed by the Bonzij to aske him certayne questions which he in humane shape appearing answereth hauing the carnall vse of her body if some Bonzi make not the Deuill Cuckold as in our Egyptian Relations yee shall find of Tyrannus Some of their Bonzij professe a militarie discipline as the Knights of Malta The profession called Neugori was instituted by Cacubau who is therefore deified in which some intend their prayers whiles others fight and others performe their taske of making fiue arrowes a day Their gouernment is an Anarchie euery one obeying and commanding the meanest person amongst them hauing a Negatiue in all their consultations And nothing is agreed on till all be agreed In the night they often kill one another without remorse and yet such is their Religion this Sect holdeth it a sinne to kill a flye or any liuing thing Amongst the Bonzij there are two principall men which if vnder their hand-writing they giue their testimoniall to other of their Orders it is as conferring a Degree yea a kinde of Canonization For thence-forward they sit in a chaire and are adored and appoint to other Students their taskes of meditation One of these puffed vp with vanitie and arrogance professed to know what he was before he was borne and what should become of him after death Valentine Caruaglio in relating the death of some principall Nobles which withstood Daifusama the present Emperor speaks of a certaine Bonzi which neuer stirres out of doores but vpon such occasions who accompanied with many of his Sect after other hallowing ceremonies did giue them a certaine booke to kisse and laid it on their heads wherein they reposed much holinesse and worshipped it as a god but one of them named Augustine reiected him crying out hee was a Christian and therewith tooke out a picture of Queene Catharine of Portugall sister to Charles the fifth in which were also represented the holy Virgin and our Lord and with great reuerence laid it three times on his head and so resounding the names of Iesus and Maria was beheaded This I mention to let
of the Election they had been inclosed to kisse his hand and sweare fidelity cloathed in the habite of the Knights of St Anthony the same oath is giuen also by the Kings his Vassals foure of which are present at the Election the Counsellors Prelates and others according to their place After this fires are made on the Towres of the Mount to giue notice of this Election which being seene by the neerer Cities they also by the like fires as it were proclaime the same in a moment through all the Empire which is confirmed by Posts sent thence on Dromedaries by the Abbot of the Abbey of the Holy Ghost one of the Electors and the Councell vnto the Citie of Saba and the mother of the New-Elect if she be liuing and to his neere kindred to come and reioyce with him The next day the Emperour goeth in black habite to the Palace where the Princes are and saluteth them with kinde embracements one by one with his Bonnet in his hand which is done in the next place by the Prelates whom in honour of their Ecclesiasticall dignities the Princes re-salute standing with their heads vncouered The tributarie Kings follow not with embracements but kissing their hands rendring their salutations and after them the Embassadors The Emperour hauing remained sometime in priuate talke with them goeth to the Abbey of the Holy Ghost and putting off his black habite is clothed in Scarlet and being on horsebacke attended with his Family the Abbots and Counsellors passeth to the Abbot of the Holy-Crosse where the two Abbots of that Abbey meet him and after oath giuen to preserue the ancient customes present him with the keyes of the Treasurie and Library the Emperour bestowing as much of the said Treasure as he pleaseth After all other ceremonies the Counsellors of the Court come to the hill with 12000 Knights of Saint Anthonies Order which are the Emperours Guard and the eldest Sons of the King to conuey him solemnly to Zambra the Citie where Court and Councell reside where with all solemnity and magnificence he is likewise receiued and conducted into the Palace and placed on his Throne of twelue steps with acclamations of long life and happinesse on all hands Fiue dayes Festiuall being here passed in al publike reioycings he goeth to Saba to take the oaths of all his subiect Kings in person whereof onely foure had been present at the Election and one holding the Crowne another the Scutchion of the Armes of that tributarie King he sweareth on the Scepter which is a golden crosse true fidelitie and obedience and the Emperour puts on the Crowne againe on his head and the said Scutcheon with his Armes he giueth into his hand and licenceth him to depart to his Pauillion without the Citie These Kings are truely Kings and succeed in the inheritance of their Fathers receiuing the tribute of the subiects of their seueral Kingdomes and are not Deputies or Vice-Royes at the meere pleasure of the Emperour but if one bee vpon iust cause displaced his sonne succeedeth and therefore the Prete is called King of Kings The eldest sonne of euery of the Kings attend alwayes on the Emperour and haue attending on them ten seruants of the sonnes of the Nobles of their Kingdomes The Emperour is bound by ancient custome to take a wife of the posteritie of those three Magi which adored Christ in his infancie whom the Aethiopian and Romane Tradition calleth Kings by the names of Gaspar Melchior Balthasar of which the Aethiopians say that Melchior was of Arabia and Balthasar of Persia which being forced by persecution of Arrians came into Aethiopia in the time of Iohn the Saint which raigned after Philip the 7 and receiued of his hands the Kingdomes of Fatigar and Soa the former giuen to the posterity of Balthasar the other to the linage of Melchior The Fryer addeth That all the legitimate descendents of these three Families are born with a starre on one of their sides and that at the Jubile in the time of Gregory the thirteenth 1575. there were three of those three Families at Rome with that naturall ensigne of the supernaturall miraculous Star Yea the legitimate Mahumetans in Arabia Persia remaining of those kindreds haue the same signe as Don Iohn sware to him that he had seene The Councell gouerneth according to the 127. Statutes made by the first Philips and Iohn the Saint Nothing is punished with death but treason vnder which name they also comprehend murther adultery of this mortall sentence the Lyons are the Executioners which in euery Citie are kept for that purpose Some Italians had been found guilty of the sin against Nature a thing for which the Aethiopians as some of the ancients for Parricide had no Law as not thinking any would so far degenerate and therefore knew not how to punish them but it was committed to the Latine Councell which adiudged them to bee burned a punishment not knowne before in those parts yet fitting to those vnnaturall burnings The fault and punishment being of equall trangenesse the Emperour would not haue it executed there but sent them to Goa to the Portugall Viceroy for that purpose Heresie and Apostasie are likewise punished with death That Latine Councell was instituted by Alexander the third for causes and persons of Europe to be tryed and iudged by Iudges of their owne resident at the Court as the Grand Councell is and chosen of each Nation two of the Venetians Florentines and Portugals the two former come thither by the way of Cairo Andrew Ouiedo a Iesuite sent thither by the Pope with the title of Bishop of Hierapolis and after Barretus his death his Successor in the Patriarch-ship of Aethiopia was Author and Counseller to the Emperour of this Institution and by him made President of the same This man Botero Maffaeus and others say had miserable entertainment with the residue of his society but by Fryer Luys from the relation of Don Iohn tels That he liued and dyed in great honour amongst them as he doth elsewhere magnifie exceedingly their respect to the Romane Papacy and Religion Credat Iudeus Apela Cui bono is the rule of my faith to Fryers and Iesuites in their Relations In Naturall and Morall Histories which serue not to the building of Babylons Towre I receiue them with attention with thanks and if need be with admiration in some things but when them come with Slime in stead of Morter and would get Rome a Name I remember their Vowes and Profession and yeeld no further attendance That Claudius which was then Emperour and his Successor Adamas were of Scismaticall and Tyrannicall quality as other Historians affirme Frier Luys not onely denies but extolleth their good parts He which now is Emperour was elected An. 1606. and called himselfe Zaraschaureat a sprout or bud of the linage of Dauid assister of Saint Peter and Saint Paul He is a man haughtie and valorous and was therefore chosen
vsed the like with all his seruants and ornaments they gaue him for the other world and lastly buried the ashes with great solemnitie The obsequies continued ten dayes with mournefull songs and the Priests carried away the dead with innumerable ceremonies To the Noble-men they gaue their honourable Ensignes Armes and particular Blazons which they carried before the body to the place of burning marching as in a Procession where the Priests and Officers of the Temple went with diuers furniture and ornaments some casting incense others singing and some making the Drums and Flutes to sound the mournfullest accents of sorrow The Priest who did the Office was decked with the markes of the Idoll which the Noble-men had represented for all Noble-men did represent Idols and carrie the name of some One The Mexicans honoured the best souldiers with a kinde of Knighthood of which were three Orders one ware a red ribband which was the chiefe the second was the Lyon or Tyger-knight the Grey-Knight was the meanest they had great priuiledges Their Knighthood had these funerall solemnities They brought the corps to the place appointed and enuironing it and all the baggage with Pine-trees set fire thereon maintaining the same with gummie wood till all were consumed Then came forth a Priest attired like a diuell hauing mouthes vpon euery ioynt of him and many eyes of Glasse holding a great staffe with which he mingled all the ashes with terrible and fearfull gestures When the King of Mexico sickened they vsed forthwith to put a Visor on the face of Tezcatlipuca or Vitzilivitzli or some other Idoll which was not taken away till hee mended or ended If he died word was presently sent into all his Dominions for publike lamentations and Noble-men were summoned to the funerals The body was laid on a Mat and watched foure nights then washed and a locke of haire out off for a relike for therein said they remained the remembrance of his soule After this an Emerald was put in his mouth and his body shrowded in 17. rich mantles costly and curiously wrought Vpon the vpper mantle was set the Deuice or Armes of some Idoll whereunto he had been most deuout in in his life time and in his Temple should the body be buried Vpon his face they put a Visor painted with foule and deuillish gestures beset with jewels then they killed the slaue whose office was to light the Lamps and make fire to the gods of his Palace This done they carried the body to the Temple some carrying Targets Arrows Maces and Ensignes so hurle into the funerall fire The High Priest and his crue receiue him at the Temple gate with a sorrowfull Song and after he hath said certaine words the body is cast into the fire there prepared for that purpose together with jewels also a Dog newly strangled to guide his way In the meane-while two hundred persons were sacrificed by the Priests or more to serue him as is said The fourth day after fifteene slaues were sacrificed for his soule and vpon the twentieth day fiue on the sixtieth three c. The ashes with the locke of haire was put in a Chest painted on the in-side with deuillish shapes together with another locke of haire which had been reserued since the time of his birth On this Chest was set the Image of the King the kinred offered great gifts before the same The King of Mechuacan obserued the like bloudy Rites many Gentlewomen were by the new King appointed their Offices in their seruice to the deceased and while his body was burning were malled with clubs and buried foure and foure in a graue Many Women slaues and free Maidens were slaine to attend on these Gentlewomen But I would not bury my Reader in these direfull graues of men cruell in like and death Let vs seeke some Festiuall argument if that may be more delightfull CHAP XIII Of the supputation of Times Festiuall Solemnities Colledges Schooles Letters Opinions and other remarkeable things in New Spaine §. I. Their Kalender and Conceits of Time and some of their Feasts THe Mexicans diuided the yeere into eighteene moneths ascribing to each twentie dayes so that the fiue odde dayes were excluded These fiue they reckoned apart and called them the dayes of nothing during the which the people did nothing neither went to their Temples but spent the time in visiting each other the Sacrificers likewise ceased their Sacrifices These fiue dayes being past the first moneth began about the twentie sixe of February Gomara sets downe their moneths names in order The Indians described them by peculiar Pictures commonly taken of the principall Feast therein They accounted their weeks by thirteene dayes they had also a weeke of yeeres which was likewise thirteene They reckoned by a certaine Wheele which contayned foure weekes that is two and fiftie yeeres In the midst of this Wheele was painted the Sunne from which went foure beames of lines in a Crosse of distinct colours Greene Blue Red and Yellow and so the lines betwixt these on which they noted by some Picture the accident that befell any yeere as the Spaniards comming marked by a man clad in Red The last night when this Wheele was run about they brake all their vessels and stuffe put out their fire and all the lights saying that the World should end at the finishing of one of these Wheeles and it might be at that time and then what should such things need Vpon this conceit they passed the night in great feare but when they saw the day begin to breake they presently beat many Drums with much other mirth and Musicke saying that God did prolong the time with another Age of two and fifty yeeres And then began another Wheele the first day whereof they tooke new fire for which they went to the Priest who fetched it out of a Mountaine and made a solemne Sacrifice and Thanksgiuing The twenty dayes of each moneth were called by seuerall names the first Cipactli which signifieth a Spade and so the rest a House a Dogge a Snake an Eagle a Temple and the like By this Kalendar they keepe things in memory aboue nine hundred yeeres since The Indians of Culhua did beleeue that the Gods had made the World they knew not how and that since the Creation foure Sunnes were past and that the fift and last is the Sunne which now giueth light vnto the World The first Sunne forsooth perished by water and all liuing creatures therewith the second fell from Heauen and with the fall slue all liuing creatures and then were many Giants in the Country the third Sunne was consumed by fire and the fourth by Tempest of ayre and wind and then Mankind perished not but was turned into Apes yet when that fourth Sunne perished all was turned into darknesse and so continued fiue and twenty yeeres and at the fifteenth yeere God did forme one man and woman who brought forth children and at the end of other ten yeeres
same things not else-where found in India They make their teeth white with an herbe which all the day they chew in their mouthes CHAP II. Of Cumana and Paria §. I. Of the People and strange Creatures in Cumana CVmana is a Prouince named of a Riuer called Cumana where certayne Franciscans Anno 1516. built them a Monasterie and the Spaniards were very diligent in the fishing for Pearles About that time three Dominicans went fourescore miles West from thence to preach the Gospell and were eaten of the Indians which hindered not but others of the same order founded them a Monasterie in Ciribici neere Maracapana Both these Orders tooke paines with the Indians to conuert them and taught their children to write and read and to answer at Masse and the Spaniards were so respected that they might safely walke alone through all the Country but after two yeeres and a halfe the Indians whether for their too much imployment in the Pearle-fishing or for other cause rebelled and killed a hundred Spaniards slue the Friers one of which was then saying Masse and as many Indians as they found with them which the Spaniards of Domingo soone after reuenged The losse of Cumana hindered their Trade for Pearles at Cubagua and therefore the King sent Iames Castilion to subdue them by force which hee did and began the Plantation of New Caliz for the Spaniards to inhabit there Cubagua was called by Columbus the Finder the Iland of Pearles situate in twelue degrees and a halfe of Northerly Latitude and containes twelue miles in circuit This little Iland is exceeding great in commoditie that accreweth by those Pearles which hath amounted to diuers millions of gold They fetch their Wood from Margarita an Iland foure miles to the North and their Water from Cumana which is two and twentie miles thence they haue a Spring of medicinall Water there in the Iland The Sea there at certaine times of the yeere is very red which those Pearle-oysters by some naturall purgation are said to cause There are Fishes or Sea-monsters which from the middle vpwards resemble men with Beards Haire and Armes The people of Cumana goe naked couering only their shame At Feasts and Dances they paine themselves or else anoint themselues with a certaine Gumme in which they stick Feathers of many colours They cut their haire aboue the Eares and will not suffer it to grow on any places of their bodies esteeming a bearded man a Beast They take great paines to make their teeth blacke and account them women which haue them white They blacke them with the powder of the leaues of a certaine Tree called Gay these leaues they chew after they are fifteene yeeres old they mixe that powder with another of a kinde of Wood and with Chalke of white shels burned in manner as the Easterne Indians vse their Betele and Arecca with Chalke of Oysters and this mixture they beare continually in their mouthes still chewing it that their teeth are as blacke as coales and so continue to their death They keepe it in Baskets and Boxes and sell it in the markets to some which come farre for it for Gold Slaues Cotton and other Merchandize This keepeth them from paine and rotting of the teeth The Maides goe naked only they bind certain bands hard about their knees to make their hips and thighes seeme thicke which they esteeme no small beautie The married Women liue honestly or else their husbands will diuorce them The chiefe men haue as many Wiues as they will and if any stranger come to lodge in one of their houses they make the fairest his Bed-fellow These also shut vp their Daughters two yeeres before they marrie them all which time they goe not forth nor cut their haire After which there is made a great feast and very many bidden which bring their varietie of cheere also wood to make the new Spouse a house A man cuts off the Bridegroomes haire before and a woman the Brides and then they eate and drinke with much excesse till night This is the lawfull wife and the other which they marry afterwards obey This. They giue their Spouses to be defloured to their Piaces so they call their Priests which these reuerend Fathers account their Preeminence and Prerogatiue the Husbands their honour the Wiues their warrant The men and women weare Collars Bracelets Pendants and some Crownes of Gold and Pearls the Men weare Rings in their Noses the Women Brooches on their brest whereby by at first sight the sexe is discerned The Women Shoot Runne Leape Swim as well as the Men their paines of trauell are small they till the Land and looke to the house whiles the men Hunt and Fish They are high-minded treacherous and thirstie of reuenge Their chiefe weapons are poisoned Arrowes which they prepare with the bloud of Snakes and other mixtures All of both sexes from their infancy learne to shoot Their meat is whatsoeuer hath life as Horse-leeches Bats Grashoppers Spiders Bees Lice Wormes raw sodden fried and yet their Countrey is replenished with good Fruits Fish and Flesh This Diet or as some say their Water causeth spots in their eyes which dimme their sight They haue as strange a Fence or hedge for their Gardens and possessions namely a threed of Cotton or Bexuco as they call it as high as a mans Girdle and it is accounted a great sinne to goe ouer or vnder the same and he which breakes it they certainly beleeue shall presently die So much safer is their threed wouen with this imagination then all our stone-wals The Cumanois are much addicted to Hunting wherein they are very expert and kill Lyons Tygres Hogs and all other foure-footed Beasts with Bowes Nets Snares They take one Beast which they call Capa that hath the soles of his feet like a French shoo narrow behinde broad and round before Another called Aranata which for the Physnomie and subtiltie seemes to be a kinde of Ape it hath mouth hands and feet like a man a goodly countenance bearded like a Goat They goe in Heards they bellow loud runne vp Trees like Cats auoid the Huntsmans Arrow and cast it with cleanly deliuerie againe at himselfe Another Beast hath a long snout and feedeth on Ants putting his tongue into a hollow Tree or rather place where the Ants are and as many of them as come thereon hee licks in The Friers brought vp one till the stinke thereof caused them to kill it snouted like a Foxe rough-haired which voided in the excrements long and slender Serpents which presently dyed This Beast stinking while he liued and worse now dead yet was good food to the Indians They haue one which will counterfeit the voice of a crying child and so cause some to come forth and then deuoure them The like is written of the Hyana That shee will call the Shepheards by their names and then destroy them when they come forth They haue Parrots as
put the rest to the Sword and hanged vp the Queene as they did also to Hiquanama the Queene of Hiquey Of all which cruelties our Author an eye-witnesse affirmeth that the Indians gaue no cause by any crime that had so deserued by any Law And for the rest that remayned after these Warres they shared them as slaues They which should haue instructed them in the Catholike Faith were ignorant cruell and couetous The men were spent in the Mines the women consumed in tillage and both by heauie burthens which they made them carry by famine by scourging and other miseries And thus they did in all other parts wheresoeuer they came In the Iles of Saint Iohn and Iamayca were sixe hundred thousand Inhabitants whereof then when the Authour wrote this there were scarcely left two hundred in eyther Iland Cuba extendeth furthest in length of any of these Ilands Here was a Cacique named Hathuey which called his Subiects about him and shewing them a Boxe of Gold said That was the Spaniards God and made them dance about it very solemnely and lest the Spaniards should haue it hee hurled it into the Riuer Being taken and condemned to the fire when he was bound to the stake a Frier came and preached Heauen to him and the terrors of Hell Hathuey asked if any Spaniards were in Heauen The Frier answered Yea such as were good Hathuey replyed hee would rather goe to Hell then goe where any of that cruell Nation were I was once present sayth Casas when the Inhabitants of one Towne brought vs forth victuall and met vs with great kindnesse and the Spaniards without any cause slue three thousand of them of euery Age and Sexe I by their counsell sent to other Townes to meet vs with promise of good dealing and two and twenty Caciques met vs which the Captaine against all faith caused to be burned This made the desperate Indians hang themselues which two hundred did by the occasion of one mans cruelty and one other Spaniard seeing them take this course made as though he would hang himselfe too and persecute them in the Regions of death which feare detayned some from that selfe-execution Sixe thousand children dyed sayth our former Author in three or foure moneths space while I was there for the want of their Parents which were sent to the Mynes they hunted out the rest in the Mountaynes and desolated the Iland Neyther did the other Ilands speed better The Lucaiae they brought to an vtter desolation and shipping multitudes of men for the Mynes in Hispaniola wanting food for them the third part commonly perished in the way so that an vnskilfull Pilot might haue learned this way by Sea by those floting markes of Indian carkasses This Spanish pestilence spred further to the Continent where they spoyled the shoares and the Inland Countries of people From Dariena to Nicaragua they slue foure hundred thousand people with Dogs Swords Fire and diuers tortures Their course of Preaching was to send vnder paine of confiscation of lands libertie wife life and all to acknowledge God and the Spanish King of whom they had neuer heard Yea they would steale to some place halfe a mile off the Citie by night and there publish the Kings Decree in this sort being alone by themselues Yee Caciques and Indians of this place or that place which they named Bee it knowne to you that there is one God one Pope and one King of Castile who is Lord of these lands Come quickly and doe your homage And then in the night while they were asleepe fired their houses and slue and tooke Captiues at their pleasure and after fell to search for Gold The first Bishop that came into these parts sent his men to be partakers of the spoyle A Cacique gaue the Spanish Gouernour the weight in Gold of nine thousand Crownes he in thankfulnes to extort more bound him to a post and put fire to his feet and forced him to send home for a further addition of 3000. They not satisfied persisted in their tormenting him till the marrow came forth at the soles of his feet whereof he dyed When any of the Indians employed by the Spaniards fayled vnder their heauy burthens or fainted for want of necessaries lest they should lose time in opening the Chaine wherein he was tyed they would cut off his head and so let the bodie fall out The Spaniard robbed the Nicaraguans of their Corne so that thirty thousand dyed of Famine and a Mother ate her owne childe fiue hundred thousand were carried away into bondage besides fiftie or sixtie thousand slaine in their Warres and now sayth Casas remayne foure or fiue thousand of one of the most populous Regions of the World Heere did Vaschus giue at one time foure Kings to be deuoured of Dogs In New Spaine from the yeere 1518. to 1530. in foure hundred and eighty miles about Mexico they destroyed aboue foure Millions of people in their Conquests by fire and sword not reckoning those which dyed in seruitude and oppression In the Prouince of Naco and Honduras from the yeere 1524. to 1535. two Millions of men perished and scarcely two thousand remayne In Guatimala from the yeere 1524. to 1540. they destroyed aboue foure or fiue Millions vnder that Aluarado who dying by the fall off his Horse as is before said complained when hee was asked where his paine was most of his Soule-torment and his Citie Guatimala was with a three-fold deluge of Earth of Water of Stones oppressed and ouer-whelmed He forced the Indians to follow him in his Expeditions in Armies of tenne or twentie thousand not allowing them other sustenance then the flesh of their slaine Enemies mayntayning in his Army Shambles of mans flesh In Panuco and Xalisco their state was much like one made eight thousand Indians wall about his Garden and let them all perish with Famine In Machuacan they tortured the King that came forth to meet them that they might extort Gold from him They put his feet in the Stockes and put fire thereto binding his hands to a Post behinde him and a Boy stood by basting his roasted feete with Oyle another with a Crosse-bow bent to his breast and on the other hand another with Dogges of these tortures he dyed They forced the Indians to deliuer their Idols hoping they had beene of Gold but their Golden hope failing they forced them againe to redeeme them Yea where the Fryers had in one place made the Indians to cast away their Images the Spaniards brought them some from other places to fell them In the Prouince of Saint Martha they had desolated foure hundred and fiftie miles of Land The Bishop wrote to the King that the people called the Spaniards Deuils or Yares for their Diabolicall practices and thought the Law God and King of the Christians had beene authors of this crueltie The like they did in the Kingdome of Venezuela destroying foure or fiue Millions and out of that firme Land carried
well attended to meet him and make his prouisions At Yeraslaue another Querry of the Stable met him At Musco hee was honourably entertayned Knez Iuan Suetzcoie attended with 300. Horse brought him to his lodging Sauelle Frolloue the Secretary was sent to congratulate his welcome with many dishes of dressed meate and promise of best accommodating The next day the Emperour sent a Noble man Ignatie Tatishoue to visit him with faire words and promise of speediest audience which was on Satturday following About nine of the clocke the streets were filled with people and a thousand Gunners attired in yellow and blue Garments set in rankes by the Captaines on Horsebacke with bright Harquebuses in their hands from the Ambassadours doore to the Emperours Palace Knez Iuan Sitzcoie attended him mounted on a faire Gennet richly bedecked with a faire Gelding well furnished for the Embassadour attended with three hundred Gentlemen gallantly adorned The Embassadour being displeased that the Dukes Horse was better then his mounted on his owne Horse and with his thirty men liveried in Stamell Clokes well set forth each hauing a part of his Present being most Plate marched onward to the Kings Palace where another Duke met him and told him that the Emperour stayed for him He answered that hee came as fast as he could By the way the people ghessing at the vnpleasingnesse of his message cryed Carenke that is Cranes-legs in mockage of him whereat hee stormed much The passage stayres and Roomes thorow which hee was conducted were all beset with Merchants and Gentlemen in Golden Coats His men entred before him with their Presents into the Roome where the Emperour sate in his Robes and Maiesty with his three Crownes before him foure young Noble men called Ryndes shining in their Cloth of beaten Siluer with foure Scepters or bright Siluer Hatchets in their hands on each side of him the Prince and other his great Dukes and Nobles in rankes sitting round about him The Emperour stood vp and the Embassadour making his courtesies deliuers the Queenes Letters which hee receiued and put off his Imperiall Cap asking how his louing Sister Queene Elizabeth did His answere made he sate downe on a side forme couered with a Carpet and after some little pause and mutuall view was dismissed in manner as hee came and his Dinner of two hundred dishes of dressed meats sent after him by a Gentleman of qualitie I was forewarned by my secret and best friends not to intermeddle in those businesses Some secret and publike conferences passed but good note was taken that none of the great Family of the Godonoues were consulted with therein The King feasts the Embassadour grants great allowance of daily prouision and nothing would please him yea he made great complaints about friuolous matters The Merchants and the Emperours Officers were reconciled in their accounts grieuances remedied Priuiledges granted and an Embassadour to the Queene resolued on if Sir I. B. could haue conformed himselfe to the time any thing might haue beene yeelded yea he promised that if his Marriage with the Queenes Kinswoman tooke effect her issue should inherit the Crowne for assurance whereof he had a masse of ready treasure presently to be transported with his Embassadour vnto Queene Elizabeths trust The Clergy and Noblity especially the neerest allied to the old Empresse the Princes wife and her Family of the Godonoues found meanes to crosse all these Designes The King much distracted in fury caused many Witches Magicians or Wors presently to be sent for out of the North where there are many betweene Colmogro and Lappia Threescore of them were brought post to Musco where they were guarded dyeted and daily visited by the Emperours great Fauourite Bodan Belscoy to receiue from them their Diuinations or Oracles on the Subiects giuen them in charge by the Emperour Note that a great blasing Star and other prodigious sights were seene a moneth together euery night ouer Musco that yeere This Fauorite now sought to serue the turne of the rising Sunne wearied with the wicked disposition of the Emperour The Sooth-sayers tell him that the heauenly Planets and Constellations would produce the Emperours death by such a day But he not daring to tell the Emperour so much said to them that on that day they should be all burned The Emperour began grieuously to swell in his Cods wherewith he had offended so long boasting that he had deflowred thousands of Virgins and a thousand children of his begetting destroyed was carried euery day in his Chaire into his Treasury One day two dayes before the Emperour his death the Prince beckoned to me to follow and I aduenturously stood among the rest and heard him call for his Precious Stones and Iewels He then held discourse to the Nobles about him directing his eye and speech most to Boris Godouona of the nature and properties of his Gemmes of the World compassing Load-stone causing the Wayters to make a Chaine of Needles therewith touched of the Corall also and Turkesse whose beautifull colours sayd he layd on my arme poysoned with inflammation you see are turned pale and declare my death Reach out my Staffe Royall an Vnicornes Horne garnished with very faite Diamonds Rubies Saphires Emeralds and other Precious Stones it cost 70000. Markes sterling bought of Dauid Gowell of the Fulkers of Ausburge seeke out some Spiders caused his Physician Iohannes Eiloff to scrape a Circle thereof vpon the Table and put within it one Spider and after another which burst presently others without the Circle running away from it aliue It is too late it will not preserue me Behold these Precious Stones the Diamond most precious of all other I neuer affected it it restraines Fury and Luxury the powder is poyson Then he points to the Rubie this comforts the Braine and Memory clarifieth congealed bloud That Emerald of the nature of the Rainbow is enemy to all vncleanenesse and though a man cohabit in Lust with his owne Wife this Stone being about them will burst at the spending of Nature The Saphyre I greatly delight in it preserueth and increaseth Nature and Courage reioyceth the heart is pleasing to all the vitall Senses souereigne to the Eyes strengthens the Muscles Hee takes the Onyx in hand c. All these are Gods wonderfull gifts secrets in Nature reuealed to mans vse and contemplation as friends to grace and vertue and Enemies to vice I faint carry me away till another time In the afternoone he peruseth ouer his Will and yet thinkes not to dye His Ghostly Father dares not put him in minde of annointing in holy forme Hee hath beene witched in that place and often vnwitched againe He commands the Master of the Apotheke and the Physicians to prepare a Bath for his solace enquires the goodnesse of the Signe sends his Fauourite to his Witches to know their Calculations Hee tels them the Emperour will bury or burne them all quicke for their Illusions and Lyes the day is comne he is
betweene vs and you whereupon the men of Irac threatned to kill Ali if hee would not listen to the Syrians according to the iudgement of Gods Booke and so Muaui escaped At last both sides agreed to chuse an arbitrator which should arbitrate according to that Booke which were chosen Amrus and Abumusa and both parties bound to stand to their agreement They agreed to depose both Ali and Muaui and chuse Abdalla Sonne of Omar Ali was deposed accordingly but when Amrus should haue done the like to Muaui he refused Abdalla Son of Wahab had also forsaken Ali whom he slue in fight with all the Chawarigians his followers The broyles continued betwixt Ali and Muaui in Egypt and Irac till the fortieth yeere Then Basijr was sent to Medina by Muaui and entred it the Inhabitants acknowledged Muaui Thence he went to Mecca then to Aliaman and slue two of Ali his Sonnes with many others which followed the part of Ali after which he returned to Mecca and slue at Taijf Iamam and Medina thirty thousand At last Peace was concluded betwixt them that laying aside armes Ali should enioy Irac and Muaui Syria That yeere three Chawarisians agreed to kill in diuers places on one day Ali Muaui and Amrus also Hagiag wounded Muaui with a poysoned Sword but he was slaine and Muaui escaped Amrus another of them mistooke and killed Charigia the Lieutenant of Amrus Sonne of Alas in steed of him and was therefore taken and executed Abdurrahman the third wounded Ali on the forehead as he went to morning Prayer on a Friday the seuenteenth of Ramadan whereof he dyed three dayes after and was buried in Tahaf where now is the place of his buriall Some say he was buried at Cufa and some say the place is vnknowne Ali commanded to feed his smiter for hee was taken and vse him well and if he recouered to spare him if hee dyed to ioyne him with him that he might accuse him before God He reigned fiue yeeres three moneths lesse aged sixty three He was browne short great-bellied long-bearded and bald neglected things of the World feared God much much in Almes iust and lowly witty defender of the true Religion learned in speculatiue and practicke Sciences bold liberall The inscription of his Seale was Only to the strong God dominion Hasen Sonne of Ali was made Chalifa at Cufa on the day of his Fathers death But the men of Irac quarrelling with him he sent to Muaui conditions and agreed with him he abode at Medina and yeelded Cufa to Muaui hauing enioyed the Chalifate six moneths and fiue dayes His Seale was inscribed There is no God but God the true and manifest King Muaui Sonne of Abusofian Sonne of Haleb Sonne of Ommia Sonne of Abdusiams Sonne of Abdumenaf Sonne of Cuda was the seuenth Emperour Hee was created Chalifa at Cufa when Hasen resigned Anno 46. Muaui Sonne of Amir and Basier Sonne of Artah inuaded the West and tooke many Cities Caraua Caphsa c. till they came to Kairawan which Muaui Sonne of Chodbag had taken before they came and there builded a Citie and encompassed with a wall the City now called Kairawan An. 49. Hasen dyed poysoned by his wife as was said by the command of Muaui He had gone fiue and twenty Pilgrimages on foot and twise had forsaken all his wealth and thrice made partition with God euen to his shooes and sockes reseruing one halfe to himselfe An. 50. Muaui procured that the Oath of Fealty should be made to his Sonne Iezid as to his partner of the Couenant which was done by all but Husein Sonne of Ali Abdurrahman Sonne of Abubecr Abdalla Sonne of Omar and Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir An. 52. Iezid inuaded the Romans as farre as Constantinople An. 58. Aijsia of happy memory died on the seuenth day of Ramadan An. 60. Muaui dyed at Damascus and his Sonne Iezid prayed for him he enioyed the place nineteene yeeres and ninetie foure dayes Obeid Sonne of Sarib liued in his time a man three hundred yeeres old Iezid was created Chalifa the same day He writ to Walid Gouernour of Medina to apprehend Husein Sonne of Ali and Abdalla which fled to Mecca and abode there refusing the Oath to Iezid The Cufans sent to Husein and promised to sweare to him Husein going thither with fifty horse and a hundred foot was set on by the band of Obeidalla sent thither by Iezid He on the Friday set before him the Mushaf and admonished them But they rushed on him and slue him and all his company and carried away their wiues and children Iezid commanded his head to be set vp at Damascus on the gate The same yeere Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir vsurped the Empire at Mecca whiles Iezid followed his wine and dogges contemning Religion Iezid set ouer Chorasan Selim which tooke Naishbur and Chouarasma and Bochara then ruled by Chatumis a woman who promised the King of Saida marriage if he would assist her against the Muslims who thereupon came with 120000. but was slaine in battell and enriched the Muslims with spoyles They went to Samarcand the King whereof bought his Peace with much money A. 63. the men of Medina deposed Iezid who sent against them Muslim who spared them three dayes and then entred and spoyled them three dayes shedding their bloud and carrying away their goods Yet the Prophet of glorious memory said He which spoyleth my City my wrath remayneth on him A. 64. Muslim went to Mecca against Abdalla and dyed in the way Hasin succeeded in his place layd siege to it beate the house with Engines of battery and burned it This siege continued till newes came of Iezids death His Sonne Muaui prayed for him or in his steed hee reigned three yeeres nine moneths Anno mundi 6175. Muaui Sonne of Iezid the third Emperour of the house of Ommia was created Chalifa the same day and reigned forty fiue dayes and then dyed His Seale was inscribed The World is deceit Abdalla Sonne of Zubeir was inaugurated at Mecca when there had beene no Chalif two moneths The Iracans Egyptians and some Syrians sware to him Merwan of the house of Ommia raised a party at Damascus and preuayled in battell against Dahac which stood for Abdalla slue him and chased his followers Hee held Syria entred Egypt and after many fights obtained it sent an Army against Abdalla which got the better An. 65. the Cufans made an vprore to reuenge the death of Husein sixteene thousand being assembled vnder Suleiman which was slaine in battell by Obeidalla and his followers chased This yeere also Muchtar Sonne of Abuobeida came to Cufa and incited them to reuenge Husein of happy memory for which the Gouernour imprisoned him Merwan dyed of the Plague in the moneth Ramadan Some say that his Wife poysoned him others that she laid a Pillow on his face and sate thereon Abdulmelic Son of Merwan prayed for him He was Chalifa ten moneths
848 Saualets many Voyages Sciequian Sect 463 Sclauonian Tongue the large extent thereof 973 Scribes not a Sect but a Function 132. The Historie of them 132. 133. Two sorts of them 132 Scriptures sense how diuerse 14 The mysticall is miste-all and missecall 16. Opinions concerning the Scripture 169. First penned by Moses 175. Digested by Ezra 87. Numbers of the Bookes Chapters Verses Who first Authour of Chapters 159 The Trent Decree of Translations 168. Iewes respect to the Scripture 168. 169 Seyles King of the Scythians his misfortunes 398 Scythia a great part of the World contayned vnder the name 396 Why so called ibid. The people religion language and manner of life 396 397. Their Temples Diuination Funerals c. 397. 398 Their cruelty and hatred of Forreigne Rites ibidem Particular Nations in Scythia their Acts and Rites 398. 399. seq Scythes a Monster 396 Scythilmus 45 Sea the Creation thereof 10. Diuision thereof 575. Commodities thereof ibid. The Red Sea 84 582. 583. seq 775. seq A large Discourse of the Sea and many Obseruations thereof 571. 572. seq The forme greatnesse depth ibid. The profit motion and saltnesse 573. 574 The Sea Original of Fountaines 574. Varieties of Seas 575. 576 The Persians and Mogol haue no power by Sea 293 Seales a kind of Fishes 435 Seba Peopler and people of Arabia 37. 225. The Region of Seba 143 Sebua Sebuaeans 139. Sebuaeans a Sect of Samaritans ibid. Sebaste in Samaria 105 Seboraei whence so called 165 Sebyrians 432 Secsina in Barbary 700 Sects in Golchonda 995 Seed of the woman and the Serpent 27 Master Selden his deserued commendation 70. 150 Seilan or Zeilan 616. seq The riches and rarities thereof ibid. Their Temples Images Monasteries Processions 617. Their workmanship and iugling 618 Whither Seilan bee Taprobane ibid. Selim the great Turke 283. sequitur Selim the second 285. 286. Selim the great Mogol now reignning his greatnesse and conditions 519. 520 Selfe-penance vide Punishments Selfe-murther 633 Selebes they abound with Gold 578 eat mans flesh 608. Ilands neere ibid. Seleucia 63. Turned into Bagdet 50. Built by Seleucas 63. With eight other of that name 73 Seleucus worshipped 70. His historie 73 Seleuccian Family of Turkes 279 280. 281 Semiramis her Pillar 45. Her Babylon Buildings 48. 49. Not the Founder thereof ibid. Her Sepulchre 45. The first that made Eunuchs 61. Abuse of her Husbands 66. Supposed the Founder of the Temple at Hierapolis 68 Her Image there 69. In Media 350. Her inuading India 381 Senaga Riuer 714 Senacherib ouerthrowne by Mice 62. Slaine by his owne Sonnes 66 Sentence in the Court of the Iewes how giuen 98 Sentida a feeling herbe 563 Sensim an Order of Tartarian Priests who obserue great strictnesse 418 Separatists a Sect of Moores 273 Sepulchres vide Funerals Serpents eaten in America 33. Diuers kinds of Serpents in India 565. Death to kill a Serpent ibid. The King of Calicuts opinion of Serpents 565. 566. Huge Serpents in Africa 623. 624 Seuerall kinds of Serpents there ibid. Serpent vsed to tempt Eue 21. 22 His curse 23. Seed of the Serpent 27. 28 Serpent Images in Belus Temple 47 Serpent honoured by the Phaenicians 77. By the Ophitae 135 Worshipped by the Arabians 221 By the Indians 565. By the Aegyptians 637. 638. By the Adeans 652. A Serpent the Armes of the King of China 451. Tame Serpents 623 Serpents in Brasill 912. 913 Seres their Habitaion and Rites 400 Serug Author of Idolatry 45. 95 Sesostris 227 Seth his Natiuitie and Posteritie 29. 30. Artes ascribed to him 31 Sethiani a Sect of the Iewes worshippers of Seth 135 Sem Sonne of Noah 36. His Posteritie 37. The same with Melchisedec 45 Serapis his Temple and Rites 650 651 Seriffo of Barbary his History 695 696 Seuerus his seueritie 71 Seuerity Elders 99 Seuenty Weekes of Daniel 98 Sharke a Fish 953. 954 Shaugh Tamas the Story of him and of the Persian troubles after his death 585. 586 Shem and his Posteritie 37 Shemer 136. A Citie so called ibid. Sherly viz. Sir Anthony Sherley his Trauels 388. 389 Sheshack and Shacke 58 Shomron Mountaine 136 Siam Silon or Sion a Citie and Kingdome in India 490. Their Houses Inundations Monkes and Superstitions ibidem Their Gods and Religious Men 491. sequitur Their Feastes Temples Deuotions 492. The Kings greatnesse ibidem Besieged 493. Acts of the Blacke and White Kings ibidem Fury of the Iapanders there ibidem They weare Balls in their yards 496 Sibils counterfeit 35. 38 Sichem 137. Called Flauia Caesarea and Naples 143. The Sichemites Religion ibid. Sicke persons how vsed amongst the Iewes 206 Sidon the building thereof 78 Sidonians first Authors of Weights and Measures 82 Sidon first inhabited the Sea-coast 86 Siluer the nature thereof and of the Mines 797 Sinai 225. Mount Sinai how situate ibid. Sincopura Straits 579 Sinda described 532. 533 Sinne the definition and distinction thereof 24. Whence Originall Sinne and how ibidem Whither by Generation 25 Sinnes combination in our first Parents 22. The fearefull state of Sinners 28. Seuen mortall sinnes reckoned by the Turkes 301 Sinne-offering of the Iewes 116 The nature of actuall sinne 25 What accounted sinnes by the Tartars 415. 416 Sion 94 Sithuchrus the same with Noah 47. His Chaldaean Legend ibid. Sitting a signe of reuerence standing of dignitie 420 Skuls in the Temple of Mexico how many 873. In Nicaragua 888 Skuls of Parents made drinking cups 951. A Turret built of stone and Skuls 951 Slaues of Angola 766 Sleds vsed by the Samoeds drawne with Deere 432. Their swiftnesse ibid. Sleds drawn with dogs 744 Snakes vide Serpents Snake-wood where growing 570 Socatera or Socotoro 778. The description thereof 779 Socota an Idoll in Virginia 839 Sodome and Sodomites 85. Historie of Sodome 83. 84. sequitur The Sodomie of Turkes 229 230. Of Persians 371 Of Tartars 419. Of Chinois 440 Sogor a Village neere Sodome 84 Sofala 756. Supposed Ophir ibid. Soldania 761. Their cheape sale of beasts beastly habit and diet colour c. 762. 763. 764 Solyman a name of diuers Turkes 280. 284 Solyman the Magnificent his acts 284. 285 Solmissus how situate 339 Sommers Ilands 960. 961 Sophia chiefe Temple in Constantinople turned into a Meschit 306. 307 Sophi of the Turkes 321 Sorceries of the Tartars 416 Soule 13. It s immortalitie 126 The Iewes Opinion of three soules and one Sabbatary 127 Dogzijn their Opinion of the soule 220 South-sea sayled by Viloa and Alarchon 922 South Continent how great 832 By whom discouered 831 Spaniards how detested in the Philippinas 604. 605. 606. In Cuba 954. Indian conceits of them and their Horses 962 Their cruelties in the West Indies and of their peruerse Conuersion of the Indians vnto Christianitie 962. 963. sequitur Spaine infested by the Danes 1045 Spelman viz. Sir Henry Spelman his deserued commendation 116 Spirit very God 3. Our sanctifier 4. His manner of working 6. 7. Mouing on the waters 6
sh 11. d. ob. x In Sals are fiue Churches S. F. y See Linschot in the story of I. Newbery c. l. 1. c. 92. Arch. Abbo' against Hill Reason 4. 5. Linschot z Ceremonies at the death of a Bramene a Gi. Bot. Ben. 2. part 3. Maff. l. 1. Od. Barbosa Heur Indic c. 3. d Od. Barbosa e Betelle a leafe Balb. voyag c. 26. f Nicolas Withington Sumario di pop Orient g Nic. di Conti. Iarric l. 3. Thes. Indic 1. Tim. 4.8 h Seb. Ferdinandus i Nic. Pimenta Iarric l. 6. c. 22. Xauerij vita l. 2. c. 9. Iarric l. 3. c. 8. The Decalogue Iacob Fenicius a Ptol. l. 7. c. 1. b Bar. Dec. 1. l. 9. c. 1. c Lop Castaneda lib. 1. Od. Barbosa G. Bot. Ben. Linschot G. Arthus hist c. 26. 27. seq d Iosephus Indus e Maff. lib. 1. Lud. Vert. lib. 5. cap. 2. * Castaneda Barbosa saith that she is not married but as his Concubine a H. de Sancto Stephano Od. Barbosa b Hervan Lop. de Castaneda l. 1 c. 14. c Funerall Rites d A leafe of which see c. 13. e Inauguration of the new King f The dubbing of the Nayros Bar. Dec. 1. l. 9. g Paguego Bramena Bisquera * My Pilgrims or Voyages Tom. 1. l. 5. c. 1. * Maffaeus reckons foure orders The Caymales or Nobles the Bramenes or Priests the Nayros or Souldiers the Vulgar The Nayros The Biabari * Leuit 15 13-45 Cranganor h Bar. Dec. 1. l. 9. i Coulan k Od. Bar. l Cas Fred. m Osorius de Reb. Eman. n Bar. Dec. 1. l. 9 Step. de Brit. 1600. Maleas o Supra cap. a Magin Gi. Boter Ben. b C. Fred. c The solemnitie of burning of the wife after her husbands death The Ancients mention this Rite Vid Ael var. Hist l. 7. c. 18. Hier ad lou. l. 1. See the same described in Porchacchi Fun. Anticbi Tau 17 d The wise immured with her dead husband e Lud Vert. l. 6 f Odoricus g Odoricus h Sir Iohn Mandeuile i Nic. di Conti k Linschot l. 1. cap. 44. l Balby cap. 30. Arthus Danâ— Hist. Ind. Oi. c. 2. m Desperate dying n An. Dom. 1598. o The titles of the Kings of Bisnagar Bar. Dec. 1. l. 9. cap. 1. Iarric l. 6. c. 21. Robert Sforce Votaries and Doctors Forme of reuerence 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nhanisij Ramanancor M. Leitanus p A Pardaw is foure shillings 3. Pardawes are 2. crownes Ventacapatus his letter Pe. Floris q Discourse of China p. 40. r Mechlor Cotignus Å¿ Simon Sa. t F. Fernandes Epist. 1598. u Linschot c. 44 x F. Fernand. y Em. de Viega z Melch. Cotig a Gi. Bot. Ben. b Osor lib. 4. c Summario di Pop. Orient d Osorius lib. 3. e Od. Barbosa f Linschoten g Few Fooles deuout h Linschot c. 15 P. Floris Nouemb. 24. An. 1614. a Vid. Arist. Aelian hist Animal Plin. lib. 8. Gesner c. b So Linschot c. 46. but Arist. hist An. l. 2. placeth them within his body neere the reines c Christ Acoâ—â—â— in fine Linschot lib. 1. cap. 46 Thomas Lopez c d Plut. de An. comparat e Ael de An. lib. 13. c. 9. f De Quadrup Silesiae g Gen. 7.2 h De statu Rei Christ in Ind. Or. i Lib. 8. cap. 18. k Lopes Scal. Ex. 208. c. l M. Polo lib. 2. cap. 37. m Gos de Cruz. Mendoza Cor. n Clus Exot. lib. 5. cap. 1. o Cap. 4. p Cap. 3. q De Bri. part 5. Ind. Orient Cornel. Gerardi r Itinerarium A. Pigafet Holland Nau. Å¿ Icones de Bry Ind. Or. part 4 t I. Vert. l. 5. cap. 22. u An. Galuano x Maff. hist Ind. lib. 7. y An hundred and fiue Dodrantes z Lins cap. 48. a Oswald Crellius de signaturis b Paludanus c Of this besides Linschoten see Garcias ab Horto with Clusius notes Exot. l. 7. c. 2.6 d Clusius describeth this tree out of the Relations of Plin. lib. 12. Curt. l. 9. Strabo l. 5. Theophrastus lib. 4. and mentioneth like kinds if not the same out of Lopez de Castagneda lib. 7. Ouiedo lib. 6. Lopez or Pigafetta of Congo c. Clus Exot. lib 1. c. 1. * Garcias ab Horto lib. 2. c. 1. C. Acosta c. 37. sayth it growes most in Malabar e The Plant Bettele f Herba Viua Acost They haue the like Plant in Guiana g Discon Galu Viues de Anima lib. 1. The Retrograde of Man Tit. 1.12 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dux Saxons * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Of another Greeke word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Stone Durumgenus Et documenta damus qua simus origine nati Virg. i Hieron da S. Stephano k Garcias ab Horto l. 1. c. 15. l Quasi Amomum ex Sina delatum m Ginger n Cloues o Nutmegs Å¿ Lac. Indico q Sanders r Snakewood Å¿ Calamba t Pala d' Aquilla u Opium x Acost Arom Ciuet. Benioin Manna Camphora Tamarind Mirobolanes Spiconard Cubebus y Bezar-stone z Garcias ab Horto in Clus Exot. l. b. 7. c. 1. Vid. Seal Ex. 104. * Augustine Aquinas c. a Damas. lib 2. de Orth. fid c. 10Vid Clauium in I.S.B. Brerewoods Enquiriâ— c. 13. b Isid Orig. l. 13. c. 12. c Aesch Scholiastes d Vid. I. de Sac. Bosc Clau. Murulam c. Record cast l. 4 e Eras Reinholt vid. Keck Problem nautica Dane. tract 3. Pbys Arist. de Cael. l. 2 c 14. f Psal. 104.25 26. g Gen. 1.9 h Psal. 104 9. i lerom 5 22 k Eccles 1.7 l Vid. Zanc. de Oper G.B.B. Rel. Arist c. Psal. 107.24 m Scalig. saith twice so great n Scal. Exerc. 38 o Rec. Castle l. 4 p 4. Esdr 6 42 47. q T. Lid. disq de Or. font r Brerewood Enquir c. 13. Å¿ The Banke towards New-found Land is as a large hilly Region of the Sea See l. 8. c. 4. * Patric Pancos l. 24. Ita enim ab initio factum est mare sicut Coelum Terra Maria autem sunt aquae amarae De motu salsed maris vid. Keckerman Prob. Naut Scal. Exerc. 77. Du Bartas 3. Day Arr. Mont. Nat. Obs Lid. Disque Bot. Relat. Mar. a Lid. Disq * Appolonius Phil. lib. 5. b Silius Fertque refertque fretum Luna c. c Don Iohn of Cast M.S. d Exer. 52. e Some say Aristotle drowned himselfe heare for not finding out this scorer f Orp hym g Cortes Narrat h Vid Pat. Pancos 27 28 29 30. i Prou. 17. vlt. k Scal. ex 52. Psal. 107. l Acost hist Ind. Ar. Mont. Nat. Obs pag. 210. Scal. ex 46. a Vid Ambr. Basil in hexaem Thod serm 2. de prouid c. b Vid. Ambr. hex. l. 3. c. 5. Isid Orig. lib. 13. c Iul. Obseq de prodig d Vid. Ortel Scalig. ex 51. Ant. lenk Hak. To. 1. Ch.