his_o brother_n christian_n elect_v bishop_n of_o the_o diocese_n of_o minden_n this_o brave_a prince_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n in_o great_a peace_n and_o prosperity_n two_o and_o twenty_o year_n and_o enlarge_v it_o with_o the_o principality_n of_o grubenhagen_n after_o his_o decease_n in_o the_o year_n 1633_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n fall_v to_o his_o brother_n augustus_n elect_a bishop_n of_o ratzeburg_n upon_o which_o incomparable_a prince_n of_o who_o the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a account_n in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n descend_v not_o long_o after_o by_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n vlric_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n whereupon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n be_v give_v to_o duke_n george_n lieutenant_n general_n of_o all_o the_o force_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n in_o the_o year_n 1636._o he_o leave_v four_o son_n whereof_o the_o elder_a christian_n ludowic_n for_o some_o year_n govern_v the_o luneburger_n pay_v each_o 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within_o a_o mile_n of_o luneburg_n but_o ancient_o a_o strong_a and_o populous_a city_n some_o author_n fancy_n it_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o city_n in_o saxony_n and_o so_o questionless_a it_o be_v if_o it_o be_v true_a as_o they_o pretend_v to_o be_v able_a to_o demonstrate_v that_o it_o be_v build_v 990_o year_n before_o christ_n over_o the_o door_n of_o the_o cathedral_n which_o be_v now_o the_o only_a church_n leave_v of_o nine_o be_v write_v in_o a_o old_a gothic_a character_n these_o hobble_a verse_n abram_n dum_fw-la natus_fw-la mox_fw-la treveris_fw-la incipit_fw-la ortus_fw-la hinc_fw-la annis_fw-la barduic_fw-la mille_fw-la sex_n x_o quoque_fw-la quinque_fw-la post_fw-la barduic_fw-la roma_fw-la duo_fw-la c_o cum_fw-la quinque_fw-la triginta_fw-la m_o c_o post_n nat_n junctis_fw-la octaginta_fw-la novemque_fw-la dum_fw-la brunsvicensis_fw-la henricus_fw-la leo_fw-la dictus_fw-la simonis_n in_fw-la festo_fw-la barduic_fw-la subvertit_fw-la ab_fw-la alto_fw-mi meibomius_n a_o learned_a antiquary_n who_o we_o have_v already_o have_v occasion_n often_o to_o mention_v have_v take_v great_a pain_n to_o pick_v up_o out_o of_o these_o rithm_n and_o all_o other_o monument_n of_o note_n about_o this_o town_n a_o large_a account_n of_o the_o antiquity_n of_o the_o place_n the_o name_n he_o imagine_v contrary_a to_o the_o humour_n of_o some_o other_o historian_n who_o speak_v of_o bardo_n a_o knight_n errant_a of_o old_a and_o founder_n of_o bardewic_n derive_v from_o the_o bardi_n a_o northern_a people_n who_o wander_v a_o great_a many_o year_n up_o and_o down_o saxony_n and_o the_o neighbour_a country_n at_o last_o fix_v themselves_o in_o this_o place_n whether_o these_o bardi_n may_v not_o have_v be_v a_o tribe_n of_o such_o poet_n as_o mr._n cambden_n and_o some_o other_o of_o our_o antiquary_n say_v give_v name_n to_o bardsey_n one_o of_o our_o british_a island_n i_o shall_v leave_v to_o the_o reader_n be_v judgement_n since_o every_o historian_n that_o mention_n the_o bard_n will_v tell_v we_o that_o they_o be_v the_o genealogist_n among_o the_o gaul_n a_o undoubted_a branch_n of_o the_o german_a nation_n as_o well_o as_o the_o britain_n the_o verse_n beforementioned_a will_v inform_v we_o that_o this_o great_a city_n be_v destroy_v by_o duke_n henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n on_o st._n simon_n and_o jude_n day_n in_o the_o year_n 1189._o since_o that_o time_n it_o have_v never_o be_v able_a to_o recover_v its_o glory_n and_o be_v now_o remarkable_a for_o nothing_o but_o a_o college_n of_o eight_o residentiary_n canon_n and_o some_o few_o vicar_n iii_o ultzen_n a_o neat_a uniform_a little_a town_n vltren_n vltren_n about_o the_o middle_a way_n betwixt_o lunenburg_n and_o zell_n it_o be_v ancient_o call_v lawenwald_n i._n e._n lion-forest_n as_o appear_v from_o several_a of_o its_o old_a record_n and_o a_o inscription_n to_o this_o day_n legible_a on_o the_o north-side_n of_o the_o town-hall_n and_o from_o this_o its_o old_a name_n the_o arm_n or_o rebus_fw-la rather_o of_o the_o town_n be_v still_o a_o lion_n passant_a azure_a in_o a_o field_n verd_fw-mi betwixt_o three_o tree_n of_o the_o second_o the_o modern_a name_n vltzen_n it_o have_v from_o the_o neighbour_a monastery_n of_o oldenstadt_a which_o as_o be_v evident_a from_o several_a ancient_a write_n bear_v date_n a._n d._n 1255_o and_o 1338_o be_v former_o call_v old-vlssen_a on_o the_o twenty_o of_o september_n in_o the_o year_n 1646_o this_o city_n be_v miserable_o destroy_v by_o a_o fire_n which_o in_o a_o very_a short_a time_n burn_v down_o the_o fair_a and_o rich_a part_n of_o it_o this_o blow_n it_o have_v hardly_o yet_o so_o well_o recover_v as_o to_o be_v entire_o rebuilt_a but_o however_o the_o most_o considerable_a street_n and_o place_n of_o consequence_n be_v very_o much_o advance_v by_o it_o and_o the_o new_a building_n be_v everywhere_o more_o regular_a and_o splendid_a than_o the_o former_a the_o citizen_n have_v a_o tradition_n among_o they_o that_o the_o first_o english_a saxon_n
their_o due_a place_n the_o chief_a river_n be_v the_o weser_n by_o which_o all_o manner_n of_o merchandise_n be_v convey_v from_o bremen_n up_o as_o far_o as_o brunswic_n rivers_n rivers_n leina_fw-la innerste_fw-mi ocker_n with_o some_o more_o of_o less_o note_n which_o supply_v the_o neighbourhood_n with_o fish_n it_o be_v observable_a fort_n fort_n that_o everywhere_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o county_n of_o blackenburg_n you_o may_v meet_v with_o the_o ruin_n of_o old_a fort_n and_o castle_n on_o the_o top_n of_o high_a hill_n and_o ragged_a mountain_n which_o by_o most_o antiquary_n be_v conjecture_v to_o be_v the_o relic_n and_o rudera_fw-la of_o so_o many_o roman_a fortification_n and_o a_o evident_a argument_n that_o the_o seat_n of_o the_o war_n betwixt_o the_o roman_n and_o the_o german_n be_v for_o some_o time_n at_o least_o in_o this_o part_n of_o the_o empire_n i_o have_v rather_o think_v they_o the_o work_n of_o some_o saxon_a commander_n when_o engage_v in_o the_o defence_n of_o their_o country_n and_o paganism_n against_o the_o assault_n of_o charles_n the_o great_a or_o perhaps_o build_v by_o that_o mighty_a emperor_n to_o secure_v his_o conquest_n however_o thus_o much_o we_o may_v venture_v to_o conclude_v from_o these_o venerable_a tent_n of_o mars_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d of_o the_o 〈◊〉_d that_o the_o low_a saxon_n those_o especial_o that_o inhabit_v these_o part_n be_v ancient_o a_o stout_a and_o warlike_a people_n man_n that_o be_v hardly_o conquer_v and_o afterward_o with_o more_o difficulty_n keep_v in_o subjection_n and_o such_o their_o progeny_n be_v still_o reckon_v they_o be_v man_n of_o a_o large_a size_n than_o most_o other_o of_o the_o german_a nation_n and_o withal_o inure_v to_o a_o coarse_a fare_n and_o cold_a lodging_n their_o ordinary_a diet_n be_v dry_v swine_n flesh_n and_o sawsedge_n which_o they_o digest_v with_o as_o much_o ease_n as_o any_o of_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n do_v their_o choice_a delicacy_n from_o their_o great_a greediness_n in_o devour_v this_o sort_n of_o diet_n they_o be_v usual_o call_v by_o the_o hollander_n and_o other_o german_n speckmuffen_n or_o bacon-gut_n with_o these_o meat_n they_o eat_v a_o black_a and_o harsh_a taste_v bread_n make_v of_o the_o coarse_a wheat_n or_o rye-meal_n this_o in_o their_o barbarous_a and_o rustic_a dialect_n they_o call_v pumpernickell_n a_o compound_n that_o have_v no_o manner_n of_o affinity_n with_o any_o primitive_a in_o the_o high_a dutch_a tongue_n some_o of_o their_o learned_a man_n give_v this_o account_n of_o the_o word_n that_o a_o french_a gentleman_n travel_v this_o country_n and_o be_v ask_v what_o he_o think_v of_o this_o kind_n of_o bread_n make_v answer_v that_o it_o be_v bon_fw-fr pour_fw-fr cheval_fw-fr i._n e._n good_a diet_n for_o a_o horse_n which_o word_n be_v not_o right_o proportion_v to_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o brunswic_n bore_v that_o hear_v he_o be_v by_o they_o miserable_o corrupt_v into_o the_o word_n beforementioned_a their_o land_n afford_v no_o wine_n but_o they_o think_v that_o defect_n abundant_o recompense_v by_o the_o great_a quantity_n of_o beer_n brew_v in_o most_o place_n of_o note_n the_o brunswicker_n be_v not_o it_o be_v true_a so_o complaisant_a in_o their_o behaviour_n and_o carriage_n as_o some_o other_o german_n which_o a_o traveller_n may_v meet_v with_o but_o their_o unfeigned_a humanity_n and_o hospitality_n will_v sufficient_o atone_v for_o their_o want_n of_o courtship_n they_o know_v how_o to_o be_v civil_a to_o a_o stranger_n without_o flattery_n and_o in_o in_o their_o entertainment_n of_o traveller_n their_o performance_n be_v common_o as_o large_a as_o a_o french_a man_n promise_n we_o have_v already_o in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o the_o whole_a dukedom_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n which_o be_v afterward_o subdivide_v into_o those_o of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n and_o we_o have_v there_o also_o give_v he_o a_o account_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o this_o dominion_n with_o the_o continuance_n of_o it_o under_o several_a prince_n during_o the_o union_n of_o its_o member_n the_o first_o division_n of_o these_o territory_n happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1264_o at_o which_o time_n duke_n otho_n two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n not_o like_v to_o be_v copartner_n in_o the_o government_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n divide_v the_o land_n assign_v to_o the_o former_a the_o city_n and_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o to_o the_o late_a the_o other_o of_o luneburg_n however_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o william_n duke_n of_o luneburg_n grandchild_n to_o the_o forementioned_a duke_n john_n without_o issue_n male_a in_o the_o year_n 1368_o the_o two_o dukedom_n be_v again_o joint_o subject_a to_o duke_n magnus_n surname_v torquatus_n but_o in_o this_o they_o can_v not_o long_o continue_v for_o torquatus_n son_n as_o ambitious_a of_o independent_a and_o absolute_a government_n as_o their_o predecessor_n again_o separate_v court_n bernbard_n the_o elder_a brother_n claim_v this_o dukedom_n to_o himself_o and_o assign_v luneburg_n to_o henry_n his_o young_a brother_n after_o who_o death_n his_o son_n william_n surname_v victoriosus_fw-la for_o his_o valorous_a exploit_n fall_v upon_o his_o uncle_n bernhard_n who_o he_o reduce_v to_o those_o strait_n at_o last_o that_o he_o make_v he_o and_o his_o two_o son_n change_v dukedom_n with_o he_o from_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n be_v enjoy_v by_o william_n and_o his_o successor_n until_o the_o extirpation_n of_o that_o line_n in_o frideric_n vlrich_n who_o die_v without_o issue_n a._n d._n 1634._o in_o the_o year_n 1491_o this_o dukedom_n be_v divide_v by_o henry_n the_o elder_n and_o his_o brother_n eric_n into_o two_o equal_a share_n whereof_o all_o the_o country_n betwixt_o the_o river_n deister_n and_o leina_fw-la together_o with_o the_o territory_n of_o gottingen_n and_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic-wolfenbuttel_n remain_v in_o the_o possession_n of_o henry_n but_o soon_o after_o eric_n line_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o son_n eric_n ii_o in_o italy_n a._n d._n 1584._o be_v extinct_a and_o these_o two_o dukedom_n again_o unite_v in_o the_o house_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n in_o which_o condition_n they_o remain_v till_o the_o death_n of_o frideric_n vlric_n beforementioned_a after_o which_o the_o dukedom_n of_o wolfenbuttel_n and_o calenberg_n descend_v upon_o some_o young_a brother_n of_o the_o house_n of_o luneburg_n the_o famous_a and_o learned_a prince_n augustus_n be_v advance_v to_o wolfenbuttel_n where_o he_o be_v now_o succeed_v by_o his_o son_n rodulphus_fw-la augustus_n of_o these_o two_o duke_n the_o reader_n may_v expect_v a_o large_a character_n in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o the_o palace_n at_o wolfenbuttel_n it_o will_v not_o be_v impertinent_a in_o this_o place_n to_o relate_v for_o the_o reader_n be_v diversion_n the_o romantic_a history_n of_o the_o first_o original_n of_o the_o ancient_a guelphian_a family_n 〈…〉_o 〈…〉_o which_o former_o afford_v duke_n at_o the_o same_o time_n of_o bavaria_n and_o saxony_n and_o of_o which_o the_o duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n be_v now_o the_o sole_a relic_n the_o story_n go_v thus_o jermintrudis_n countess_n of_o altorf_n in_o schwaben_n have_v accuse_v a_o poor_a woman_n of_o adultery_n and_o cause_v several_a severe_a punishment_n to_o be_v inflict_v on_o she_o for_o have_v have_v twelve_o child_n at_o a_o birth_n be_v within_o a_o while_n after_o deliver_v of_o the_o same_o number_n herself_o and_o all_o of_o they_o son_n her_o husband_n count_n isenberd_n be_v absent_a at_o the_o time_n of_o her_o delivery_n she_o command_v the_o midwife_n to_o kill_v eleven_o of_o they_o fear_v possible_o she_o herself_o may_v undergo_v the_o same_o punishment_n or_o scandal_n at_o least_o which_o the_o poor_a beggar_n woman_n have_v do_v upon_o her_o instigation_n the_o midwife_n go_v to_o execute_v her_o lady_n barbarous_a command_n be_v meet_v by_o the_o count_n return_v home_o who_o inquire_v what_o she_o carry_v in_o her_o apron_n be_v answer_v woelpen_v i._n e._n whelp_n but_o suspect_v the_o truth_n of_o what_o she_o say_v upon_o her_o refusal_n to_o show_v they_o examine_v far_o into_o the_o matter_n force_v she_o to_o confess_v the_o whole_a story_n upon_o which_o enjoin_v the_o old_a woman_n secrecy_n and_o conceal_v the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o fact_n from_o his_o countess_n he_o put_v out_o all_o the_o child_n to_o nurse_n take_v care_n their_o education_n shall_v be_v answerable_a to_o their_o quality_n at_o the_o end_n of_o six_o year_n the_o count_n invite_v to_o a_o great_a feast_n most_o of_o his_o own_o and_o his_o lady_n relation_n to_o who_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o their_o jollity_n he_o present_v his_o eleven_o son_n all_o attire_v alike_o to_o their_o mother_n who_o
his_o crown_n very_o bare_a unction_n and_o the_o like_a they_o vow_v perpetual_a chastity_n and_o abstinence_n from_o flesh_n nor_o have_v he_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v ever_o any_o hope_n to_o get_v out_o again_o the_o monastery_n of_o troitza_n be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v near_o a_o hundred_o thousand_o rubble_n per_fw-la ann_n in_o revenue_n it_o be_v build_v like_o a_o castle_n have_v wall_n of_o stone_n regular_o fortify_v and_o store_v with_o cannon_n and_o the_o ordinary_a number_n of_o religious_a beside_o their_o officer_n and_o servant_n be_v about_o seven_o hundred_o they_o have_v also_o nunnery_n of_o several_a order_n some_o admit_v only_o noble_a widow_n and_o maid_n other_o promiscuous_o but_o this_o be_v universal_o observe_v that_o none_o that_o be_v once_o enter_v do_v ever_o return_v to_o their_o secular_a condition_n the_o emperor_n have_v continue_v with_o his_o wife_n twenty_o year_n without_o have_v issue_n by_o she_o thrust_v she_o into_o a_o nunnery_n where_o after_o two_o month_n she_o be_v brought-a-bed_n but_o can_v not_o for_o all_o that_o go_v out_o of_o the_o nunnery_n the_o history_n of_o the_o prince_n of_o russia_n the_o russes_z have_v the_o same_o vanity_n that_o the_o roman_n and_o most_o other_o nation_n have_v have_v to_o deduce_v their_o original_n either_o from_o god_n or_o the_o most_o famous_a of_o man_n whereby_o how_o much_o honour_n soever_o themselves_o think_v to_o have_v obtain_v so_o much_o do_v other_o nation_n think_v they_o have_v lose_v of_o truth_n some_o author_n derive_v they_o from_o augustus_n cesar_n ivan_n vasilowich_n the_o learn_a of_o all_o the_o russes_z and_o who_o have_v reason_n to_o be_v best_a inform_v tell_v a_o english_a goldsmith_n smile_v because_o the_o emperor_n have_v say_v that_o all_o russes_z were_z thief_n that_o he_o be_v not_o a_o russ_n but_o a_o german_a and_o that_o their_o family_n come_v from_o beala_n a_o famous_a king_n of_o hungary_n more_o particular_n of_o this_o we_o know_v not_o as_o neither_o who_o when_o or_o upon_o what_o occasion_n they_o come_v nor_o who_o be_v their_o successor_n but_o it_o be_v certain_a the_o imperial_a family_n be_v common_o call_v the_o house_n of_o beala_n other_o say_v that_o the_o first_o governor_n be_v three_o brethren_n rurich_n sinaux_n and_o truvor_n of_o the_o varegi_n but_o who_o those_o varegi_n be_v or_o what_o country_n they_o inhabit_v it_o be_v uncertain_a as_o be_v also_o the_o time_n of_o their_o come_n which_o some_o say_v be_v ann_n 752_o other_o 861._o and_o of_o these_o rurich_n settle_v at_o novogrod_n truvor_n at_o plescow_n and_o sinaux_n at_o bielios_a these_o two_o last_o die_v without_o issue_n rurich_n succeed_v and_o leave_v the_o whole_a dominion_n to_o his_o son_n igor_n igor_n marry_v olga_n and_o fight_v with_o the_o drewlians_n be_v take_v by_o they_o and_o behead_v olga_n afterward_o defeat_v and_o destroy_v these_o drewlians_n go_v to_o constantinople_n be_v baptize_v and_o take_v the_o name_n of_o helena_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o bring_v christianity_n into_o russia_n and_o die_v with_o the_o opinion_n of_o sanctity_n and_o her_o anniversary_n day_n be_v july_n 11._o suetoslaw_n when_o he_o come_v to_o age_n succeed_v his_o father_n and_o jeropolick_v he_o next_o after_o he_o be_v wolodomir_n concern_v who_o we_o have_v something_o of_o certainty_n zonara_n say_v that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o basilius_n the_o emperor_n there_o be_v a_o bishop_n send_v from_o constantinople_n to_o convert_v the_o russes_z i_o think_v his_o name_n be_v leo_n the_o russes_z will_v not_o believe_v except_o they_o see_v a_o miracle_n whereupon_o the_o bishop_n throw_v the_o book_n of_o the_o gospel_n into_o the_o fire_n and_o after_o a_o long_a time_n take_v it_o out_o unblemished_a and_o this_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o conversion_n of_o the_o russes_z but_o their_o solemn_a receive_n it_o be_v not_o till_o 988_o when_o their_o prince_n wolodomir_n marry_v anna_n sister_n of_o basilius_n and_o constantine_n be_v convert_v baptize_v and_o change_v his_o name_n into_o basilius_n he_o be_v by_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o their_o apostle_n and_o they_o celebrate_v his_o festival_n july_n 15._o he_o die_v in_o 1015._o this_o man_n remove_v the_o metropolis_n of_o the_o nation_n from_o kiow_n to_o wolodomir_n he_o have_v many_o child_n who_o fight_v and_o slay_v one_o another_o two_o borissus_n and_o chlebus_n be_v for_o their_o holy_a life_n and_o unjust_a death_n account_v holy_a martyr_n and_o their_o day_n be_v july_n 24._o sewoldus_n coras_fw-la some_o call_v he_o jeroslaw_n after_o many_o war_n subdue_v his_o brethren_n and_o obtain_v the_o government_n he_o be_v follow_v by_o his_o son_n wolodomir_n surname_v monomachus_n but_o other_o say_v he_o be_v call_v jeroslaw_n or_o fair_a bank_n because_o he_o build_v that_o city_n saxon_a grammaticus_n say_v that_o he_o marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o harold_n king_n of_o england_n he_o be_v a_o potent_a prince_n and_o keep_v very_o good_a correspondence_n with_o the_o emperor_n of_o constantinople_n but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o the_o action_n of_o this_o be_v confound_v with_o those_o of_o the_o other_o wolodomir_n they_o say_v he_o die_v ann_n 1146_o which_o be_v not_o probable_a if_o he_o be_v the_o husband_n of_o that_o lady_n who_o follow_v and_o be_v not_o set_v down_o till_o 1237_o when_o reign_v george_n by_o some_o call_v gregory_n call_v by_o some_o szeveloditz_n other_o make_v wszevolod_n to_o be_v the_o father_n and_o george_n his_o son_n george_n be_v ann_n 1237_o slay_v by_o batus_fw-la a_o tartarian_a prince_n who_o subject_v the_o whole_a country_n to_o the_o tartar_n order_v that_o the_o tartar_n shall_v from_o time_n to_o time_n choose_v the_o prince_n of_o moskow_n that_o when_o they_o send_v their_o ambassador_n the_o prince_n shall_v go_v to_o meet_v and_o wait_v upon_o he_o on_o foot_n offer_v a_o platter_n of_o mares-milk_n that_o if_o the_o tartar_n let_v any_o of_o it_o fall_v upon_o the_o main_a of_o his_o horse_n the_o prince_n shall_v lick_v it_o up_o and_o that_o he_o shall_v bareheaded_a and_o on_o foot_n give_v the_o tartar_n horse_n his_o provender_n out_o of_o his_o cap_n but_o the_o most_o grievous_a be_v that_o the_o tartar_n have_v a_o house_n and_o a_o guard_n in_o the_o castle_n of_o moskow_n michael_n succeed_v his_o brother_n and_o be_v also_o slay_v by_o the_o same_o tartar_n next_o be_v alexander_n his_o son_n and_o then_o his_o son_n danielou_n or_o daniel_n surname_v caleta_n he_o transfer_v the_o imperial_a seat_n to_o moskow_n and_o call_v himself_o great_a duke_n of_o muscovia_n etc._n etc._n some_o say_v by_o the_o authority_n of_o innocent_a iv_o about_o ann_n 1246._o some_o place_n after_o he_o george_n danielowitz_n caleta_n who_o they_o say_v be_v slay_v by_o demetri_fw-la michaelowitz_n who_o be_v kill_v by_o the_o tartar_n other_o place_n next_o to_o daniel_n his_o son_n ivan_n choose_v by_o zanabeck_n the_o crim-tartar_n who_o favour_v he_o so_o much_o that_o he_o abate_v some_o part_n of_o the_o slavery_n impose_v upon_o the_o tzar_n his_o son_n ivan_n ivanowitz_n succeed_v and_o be_v whole_o subject_a to_o the_o tartar_n demetri_fw-la ivanowitz_n be_v his_o son_n who_o refuse_v to_o pay_v tribute_n to_o the_o tartar_n make_v a_o fierce_a war_n upon_o mamai_n can_n and_o gain_v a_o very_a bloody_a victory_n the_o earth_n for_o thirteen_o mile_n together_o be_v cover_v with_o carcase_n but_o tachtanisk_a can_n in_o another_o battle_n slay_v demetri_fw-la and_o renew_v the_o power_n of_o the_o tartar_n over_o the_o russes_z vasili_n demetriwitz_n follow_v ann_n 1357_o who_o chase_v the_o tartar_n out_o of_o russia_n and_o conquer_a bulgaria_n beyond_o the_o wolga_n be_v jealous_a of_o his_o wife_n anastasia_n he_o disinherit_v his_o son_n vasili_n and_o give_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o brother_n george_n who_o at_o his_o death_n restore_v it_o from_o his_o own_o son_n to_o the_o right_a heir_n but_o those_o son_n make_v war_n upon_o vasili_n take_v he_o prisoner_n and_o put_v out_o his_o eye_n therefore_o be_v he_o call_v vasili_n ciemnox_n or_o dark_a but_o the_o boiar_n be_v faithful_a to_o he_o he_o reign_v peaceable_o till_o his_o death_n and_o leave_v the_o empire_n to_o his_o son_n ivan_n vasilowich_n surname_v grotzdyn_n who_o be_v the_o first_o that_o give_v lustre_n and_o fame_n to_o the_o obscure_a name_n of_o the_o russes_z for_o take_v away_o the_o dukedom_n and_o government_n from_o his_o uncle_n who_o account_v themselves_o absolute_a in_o their_o dominion_n he_o unite_v the_o whole_a nation_n in_o his_o own_o person_n and_o call_v himself_o tzaar_n or_o as_o they_o pronounce_v it_o tzar_n that_o be_v king_n he_o marry_v mary_n daughter_n to_o michael_n duke_n of_o tweria_n some_o say_v severia_n or_o severski_n and_o present_o after_o chase_v he_o out_o of_o his_o
old_a time_n among_o the_o german_n which_o name_v most_o proper_o agree_v to_o they_o for_o they_o be_v no_o other_o than_o a_o collection_n of_o thief_n and_o robber_n out_o of_o all_o nation_n and_o country_n live_v chief_o upon_o spoil_n pillage_n and_o piracy_n they_o be_v of_o two_o sort_n according_a to_o the_o place_n of_o their_o habitation_n which_o they_o choose_v in_o fastness_n desert_n and_o unknown_a place_n more_o for_o their_o security_n then_o other_o convenience_n those_o that_o live_v upon_o the_o boristhenes_n in_o the_o vkrain_n be_v call_v zaporousky_a but_o beside_o they_o there_o be_v another_o sort_n like_o those_o who_o because_o they_o live_v upon_o and_o about_o the_o don_n or_o tanais_n be_v call_v donsky_n and_o these_o be_v they_o of_o who_o we_o speak_v at_o this_o time_n they_o be_v in_o some_o degree_n subject_n to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n as_o the_o other_o be_v to_o the_o polander_n but_o they_o obey_v not_o much_o more_o than_o themselves_o please_v tribute_n or_o acknowledgement_n they_o pay_v none_o law_n and_o government_n such_o as_o it_o be_v they_o have_v of_o their_o own_o only_o when_o the_o grand_a tzar_n command_v they_o assist_v he_o with_o what_o number_n of_o soldier_n he_o please_v but_o he_o pay_v and_o protect_v they_o against_o their_o enemy_n i.e._n all_o the_o world_n but_o chief_o the_o crim-tartar_n their_o neighbour_n one_o of_o these_o be_v stenko_n or_o stepan_n radzin_n who_o to_o revenge_v his_o brother_n death_n that_o be_v hang_v for_o head_v a_o sedition_n of_o the_o cosack_n in_o the_o army_n of_o the_o grand_a tzar_n against_o the_o pole_n ann_n 1665_o by_o jury_n alexowitz_n dolgarowsky_n the_o russ_n general_n ann_n 1667_o after_o he_o have_v get_v so_o much_o into_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o cosack_v as_o to_o be_v acknowledge_v their_o general_n he_o begin_v to_o pillage_n upon_o the_o volga_n and_o the_o caspian_a sea_n as_o far_o as_o jaick_n which_o he_o plunder_v and_o burn_v he_o destroy_v all_o their_o fishery_n their_o village_n and_o whatever_o he_o can_v light_v upon_o bring_v a_o very_a great_a calamity_n upon_o all_o those_o nation_n thence_o he_o go_v to_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o caspian_a sea_n to_o terki_n etc._n etc._n and_o so_o into_o persia_n where_o in_o a_o certain_a city_n find_v great_a quantity_n of_o excellent_a wine_n himself_o and_o soldier_n of_o who_o he_o have_v five_o or_o six_o thousand_o be_v so_o drink_v that_o the_o persian_n fall_v upon_o they_o and_o slay_v they_o stenko_n with_o about_o five_o hundred_o of_o his_o cosack_n with_o great_a difficulty_n escape_v to_o their_o boat_n which_o they_o call_v stroog_n thence_o he_o come_v again_o to_o volga_n to_o recruit_v his_o loss_n both_o of_o man_n and_o spoil_n which_o he_o do_v in_o short_a time_n and_o one_o day_n entertain_v his_o officer_n upon_o the_o river_n with_o his_o mistress_n a_o very_a beautiful_a persian_a lady_n who_o he_o have_v take_v prisoner_n he_o drown_v she_o with_o his_o own_o hand_n and_o present_o upon_o that_o set_v up_o reformer_n against_o drink_v whore_v etc._n etc._n and_o get_v so_o much_o into_o the_o favour_n of_o the_o people_n that_o astracan_a be_v by_o the_o citizen_n and_o soldier_n surrender_v unto_o he_o where_o his_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o governor_n and_o the_o officer_n be_v not_o easy_o express_v beside_o other_o great_a mischief_n he_o do_v to_o the_o grand_a tzar_n but_o among_o his_o own_o cosack_n he_o be_v very_o humble_a and_o of_o easy_a address_n nor_o can_v any_o one_o know_v he_o from_o a_o ordinary_a cosack_n by_o his_o garb_n or_o outward_a appearance_n but_o only_o by_o the_o very_a great_a observance_n they_o give_v he_o bow_v to_o the_o ground_n when_o they_o come_v to_o he_o and_o by_o the_o compellation_n they_o use_v towards_o he_o which_o be_v batskie_n father_n which_o partly_o also_o show_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o cosack_v government_n which_o be_v that_o their_o general_n have_v no_o more_o power_n than_o the_o soldier_n give_v he_o voluntary_o which_o be_v common_o according_a to_o the_o advantage_n and_o success_n they_o get_v by_o he_o but_o as_o i_o say_v more_o of_o these_o when_o we_o come_v to_o the_o vkrain_n taurica_fw-la chersonesus_n hodie_fw-la przecopsca_fw-la et_fw-la gazara_n dicitur_fw-la crim-tartars_a the_o country_n of_o the_o crim-tartar_n contain_v precop_n and_o the_o taurica-chersonesus_n before_o we_o treat_v particular_o of_o this_o country_n it_o be_v necessary_a that_o we_o speak_v of_o the_o tartar_n in_o general_a and_o show_v the_o reason_n of_o their_o name_n and_o how_o they_o come_v into_o these_o place_n and_o because_o this_o discourse_n do_v more_o natural_o belong_v to_o asia_n we_o shall_v here_o only_o give_v a_o brief_a account_n of_o they_o reserve_v a_o large_a treatise_n to_o its_o proper_a place_n we_o must_v also_o premise_v that_o since_o historian_n do_v so_o much_o disagree_v especial_o the_o western_a from_o the_o eastern_a in_o their_o relation_n concern_v these_o people_n the_o reader_n must_v not_o here_o expect_v either_o the_o reconcile_n or_o set_v down_o all_o their_o difference_n much_o less_o the_o confutation_n of_o any_o but_o we_o shall_v brief_o and_o with_o the_o best_a judgement_n we_o have_v deliver_v that_o which_o seem_v to_o we_o most_o probable_a and_o that_o also_o chief_o out_o of_o the_o eastern_a writer_n who_o seem_v to_o have_v more_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o these_o matter_n than_o our_o own_o people_n martinius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o chinese_n history_n mention_n be_v make_v of_o the_o tartar_n four_o thousand_o year_n ago_o but_o i_o can_v find_v they_o name_v in_o our_o historian_n till_o about_o twelve_o hundred_o year_n after_o christ_n that_o the_o scythian_n ancient_o inhabit_v all_o the_o northern_a region_n i_o think_v be_v out_o of_o doubt_n as_o also_o that_o these_o tartar_n be_v a_o tribe_n of_o they_o which_o subdue_a all_o the_o rest_n abolish_v the_o former_a and_o introduce_v their_o own_o name_n they_o be_v by_o all_o the_o ancient_a historian_n call_v tatar_n and_o this_o seem_v to_o have_v be_v the_o general_a name_n of_o those_o nation_n that_o inhabit_v beyond_o imaus_n the_o north-east_n part_n of_o scythia_n and_o north_n of_o the_o wall_n of_o china_n build_v as_o some_o say_v a_o few_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n time_n though_o our_o historian_n make_v no_o mention_n of_o it_o till_o the_o greatness_n of_o these_o tatar_n suggest_v to_o the_o chinois_n to_o secure_v themselves_o by_o this_o defence_n from_o their_o fury_n there_o be_v divers_a conjecture_n concern_v the_o reason_n of_o the_o name_n some_o derive_v it_o from_o a_o syriack_n word_n that_o signify_v abundance_n because_o of_o the_o populousness_n of_o that_o nation_n some_o from_o a_o word_n signify_v remainder_n i._n e._n of_o the_o twelve_o tribe_n other_o say_v that_o it_o be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o province_n they_o inhabit_v or_o of_o the_o river_n upon_o which_o they_o be_v seat_v and_o be_v the_o great_a river_n in_o all_o that_o tract_n they_o be_v divide_v into_o many_o tribe_n and_o that_o which_o dwell_v upon_o this_o river_n be_v particular_o call_v mogul_n i._n e._n watery_a or_o fenny_a tatar_n other_o say_v that_o mogul_n or_o mongul_n be_v the_o name_n of_o the_o nation_n and_o tatar_n of_o the_o tribe_n and_o that_o tribe_n which_o live_v on_o that_o river_n be_v call_v su-mogul_n or_o mohall_v which_o be_v the_o arabian_n opinion_n su-mogul_n in_o their_o language_n signify_v watery_a mogul_n the_o great_a fame_n and_o the_o first_o knowledge_n that_o we_o have_v of_o the_o tartar_n be_v from_o the_o victory_n of_o gingis_n jinjis_n chan_n who_o our_o historian_n call_v chinchis_n changius_n cinguys_n etc._n etc._n gingis_n they_o say_v signify_v the_o sound_n of_o iron_n and_o they_o give_v he_o this_o name_n because_o he_o be_v a_o blacksmith_n can_v be_v a_o title_n of_o the_o great_a honour_n in_o their_o language_n as_o emperor_n in_o we_o in_o the_o year_n of_o the_o hegira_n 559_o which_o be_v of_o our_o saviour_n 1202_o reign_v over_o these_o eastern_a tribe_n of_o scythia_n call_v tatar_n one_o vng-chan_n in_o who_o service_n be_v entertain_v or_o as_o some_o say_v bring_v up_o with_o he_o a_o young_a man_n call_v tamugin_n who_o become_v a_o person_n of_o very_a great_a prudence_n valour_n and_o good_a fortune_n and_o arrive_v at_o so_o great_a esteem_n for_o his_o military_a service_n that_o by_o the_o malicious_a suggestion_n of_o those_o who_o envy_v he_o vng-chan_n conceive_v a_o very_a great_a jealousy_n against_o he_o and_o resolve_v to_o apprehend_v imprison_v and_o proceed_v against_o he_o as_o there_o shall_v be_v reason_n the_o night_n appoint_v for_o this_o exploit_n be_v discover_v to_o tamugin_n by_o two_o of_o vng-chans_a servant_n who_o provide_v against_o it_o leave_v his_o tent_n
riches_n 1370_o lodowick_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o nephew_n of_o casimir_n the_o great_a hitherto_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n be_v successive_a except_o when_o the_o king_n die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o three_o class_n it_o begin_v to_o be_v elective_a vladislaus_n jagello_n be_v oblige_v to_o swear_v as_o hartknoch_n acquaint_v we_o that_o he_o receive_v it_o by_o election_n and_o not_o succession_n this_o class_n contain_v the_o king_n of_o the_o jagellonian_a family_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1386_o vladislaus_n jagello_n choose_a husband_n to_o heduiges_n second_o daughter_n to_o lodowic_n and_o therewith_o king_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v unite_v to_o the_o crown_n his_o dominion_n of_o litvania_n samogitia_n and_o part_n of_o prussia_n become_v christian_n himself_o and_o endeavour_v the_o conversion_n of_o those_o nation_n and_o last_o pay_v two_o hundred_o thousand_o florin_n to_o william_n duke_n of_o austria_n forfeit_v by_o heduiges_n who_o be_v before_o contract_v to_o the_o say_a duke_n he_o be_v a_o pious_a prince_n and_o founder_n of_o the_o university_n at_o cracow_n 1434_o vladislaus_n iii_o 1447_o casimirus_n iu._n it_o be_v very_o memorable_a what_o loccenius_n report_v of_o this_o king_n how_o that_o meeting_n with_o charles_n king_n of_o swedeland_n at_o dantzick_n he_o be_v force_v to_o get_v a_o monk_n to_o talk_v latin_a with_o the_o say_a king_n who_o understand_v not_o polish_v but_o talk_v latin_a accurate_o hereupon_o casimir_n be_v ashamed_a of_o the_o ignorance_n of_o himself_o and_o his_o follower_n return_v home_n cause_v public_a proclamation_n to_o be_v make_v that_o from_o thenceforward_a no_o man_n shall_v be_v advance_v to_o any_o dignity_n except_o he_o be_v able_a to_o speak_v latin_n whence_o say_v the_o same_o author_n it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o the_o polander_n have_v ever_o since_o excel_v in_o the_o latin_a tongue_n 1492_o johannes_n albertus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o tartar_n lay_v waste_v rusia_n podolia_n and_o several_a other_o part_n of_o the_o kingdom_n 1501_o alexander_n this_o king_n be_v report_v to_o have_v be_v such_o a_o prodigal_a that_o have_v he_o rule_v long_o he_o will_v have_v beggar_v the_o nation_n his_o queen_n helena_n be_v not_o suffer_v to_o be_v crown_v because_o be_v a_o greek_a she_o refuse_v to_o conform_v to_o the_o roman_a church_n 1507_o sigismond_n i._o reckon_v by_o paulus_n jovius_n one_o of_o the_o three_o worthy_n charles_n v._o emperor_n and_o francis_n i._o king_n of_o france_n be_v the_o other_o who_o have_v they_o not_o be_v contemporary_a prince_n deserve_v single_o to_o have_v rule_v the_o whole_a world_n beside_o the_o large_a endowment_n of_o his_o mind_n he_o be_v a_o person_n of_o such_o vast_a strength_n of_o body_n that_o it_o be_v ordinary_a for_o he_o in_o his_o youth_n to_o break_v asunder_o horse-shoe_n and_o strong_a rope_n 1548_o sigismundus_n augustus_n in_o his_o time_n the_o lutheran_n religion_n begin_v first_o to_o take_v foot_v in_o poland_n the_o four_o and_o last_o class_n contain_v a_o register_n of_o king_n elect_v out_o of_o divers_a family_n which_o occasion_v several_a interregna_fw-la the_o order_n of_o these_o prince_n be_v as_o follow_v 1574_o henry_n valois_n duke_n of_o anjou_n he_o flee_v from_o poland_n into_o france_n upon_o news_n of_o his_o brother_n charles_n death_n and_o be_v thereupon_o depose_v by_o the_o estate_n he_o reign_v five_o month_n 1576_o stephen_n bathor_n palatine_n of_o transylvania_n 1587._o sigismond_n iii_o prince_n of_o sweden_n who_o after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o father_n john_n iii_o be_v crown_v also_o king_n of_o sweden_n but_o depose_v again_o by_o his_o subject_n chief_o for_o attempt_v to_o introduce_v the_o roman_a religion_n among_o they_o in_o which_o he_o have_v be_v educate_v by_o his_o mother_n his_o uncle_n charles_n ix_o duke_n of_o sudermannia_n be_v choose_v in_o his_o place_n 1632_o vladislaus_n iu_o famous_a for_o his_o many_o conquest_n over_o the_o turk_n and_o subdue_a muscovy_n of_o which_o he_o be_v elect_v tzar_n in_o his_o father_n life-time_n 1648_o john_n casimir_n design_v for_o a_o religious_a and_o have_v live_v two_o year_n of_o probation_n among_o the_o jesuit_n but_o as_o hartknoch_n write_v nominate_v cardinal_n by_o innocent_a x._o before_o he_o take_v the_o vow_n of_o that_o order_n be_v elect_v king_n he_o marry_v his_o brother_n sigismund_n widow_n he_o lay_v down_o his_o diadem_n and_o retire_v into_o france_n 1669_o michael_n koributh_n duke_n of_o wisniowiec_n a_o unfortunate_a prince_n who_o lose_v caminiec_n to_o the_o turk_n 1674_o john_n sobieski_n former_o general_n against_o the_o turk_n now_o reign_v a._n d._n 1679._o the_o queen_n of_o poland_n except_o she_o be_v a_o roman_n catholic_n be_v never_o crown_v nor_o then_o unless_o the_o king_n himself_o request_v it_o who_o be_v always_o present_a at_o her_o coronation_n during_o his_o life_n the_o charge_n of_o her_o court_n be_v defray_v out_o of_o his_o exchequer_n but_o after_o his_o death_n she_o maintain_v herself_o out_o of_o the_o revenue_n of_o such_o land_n as_o the_o king_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o estate_n make_v over_o to_o she_o upon_o marriage_n the_o senate_n of_o poland_n be_v famous_a as_o well_o for_o the_o nobility_n as_o number_v of_o person_n among_o who_o he_o that_o precede_v all_o the_o rest_n both_o in_o dignity_n and_o place_n be_v the_o archbishop_z of_o gnesna_n who_o always_o sit_v next_o the_o king_n upon_o his_o right_a hand_n he_o have_v belong_v to_o his_o court_n a_o marshal_n who_o be_v also_o a_o senator_n of_o the_o kingdom_n in_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o castellane_n this_o marshal_n ride_v before_o the_o archbishop_n coach_n and_o when_o he_o go_v to_o court_n carry_v a_o staff_n before_o he_o upright_o till_o he_o come_v into_o the_o king_n chamber_n where_o he_o turn_v it_o downward_o his_o authority_n be_v so_o great_a that_o in_o the_o 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be_v meet_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o stair_n by_o the_o sub-chamberlain_n at_o the_o top_n by_o the_o marshal_n of_o the_o court._n when_o he_o approach_v the_o royal_a presence_n the_o king_n himself_o go_v some_o pace_n to_o meet_v he_o the_o title_n which_o the_o king_n give_v he_o be_v to_o the_o most_o reverend_a father_n in_o christ_n by_o other_o he_o be_v style_v most_o high_a and_o most_o reverend_a lord_n lord_n n._n by_o the_o grace_n of_o god_n and_o the_o apostolic_a see_v archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n legate_n bear_v primate_n and_o chief_a prince_n of_o the_o polonian_a nobility_n his_o prerogative_n be_v so_o great_a that_o he_o give_v not_o place_n to_o any_o cardinal_n for_o which_o reason_n no_o cardinal_n be_v ambitious_a of_o be_v send_v into_o poland_n next_o to_o he_o the_o archbishop_n of_o leopol_n take_v place_n after_o these_o two_o archbishop_n the_o bishop_n be_v seat_v in_o the_o senate_n according_a to_o their_o dignity_n in_o the_o follow_a order_n 1._o cracow_n 2._o cujavia_n who_o be_v also_o bishop_n of_o vladislow_n and_o pomerania_n 3._o vilna_n and_o 4._o posnania_n by_o turn_n 5._o polockzo_n 6._o varmia_n and_o 7._o luceorea_n by_o turn_n 8._o praemislia_n 9_o samogitia_n or_o mednic_n 10._o culmo_fw-la 11._o chelmo_n 12._o kiovia_n and_o zernichovia_n 13._o kamienieck_n 14._o smolensko_n these_o bishop_n sit_v on_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n of_o the_o king_n next_o the_o two_o archbishop_n concern_v the_o revenue_n and_o splendour_n of_o the_o bishop_n of_o poland_n see_v cromer_n l._n 2._o descript_n pol._n pag._n 177._o and_o stanislaus_n lubienski_n in_o vita_fw-la angelotti_n fol._n 310._o bishop_n by_o the_o law_n be_v forbid_v to_o hold_v abbey_n in_o commendam_fw-la with_o their_o bishopric_n only_o the_o bishop_n of_o kiovia_n and_o kamienieck_n have_v lose_v their_o revenue_n be_v now_o permit_v that_o liberty_n for_o their_o subsistence_n next_o to_o the_o bishop_n sit_v
october_n they_o have_v a_o general_a rendezvous_n of_o man_n woman_n and_o child_n who_o bring_v with_o they_o to_o the_o place_n appoint_v loaf_n of_o bread_n and_o vessel_n full_a of_o beer_n these_o they_o set_v on_o a_o table_n spread_v with_o hay_n that_o do_v they_o bring_v out_o a_o young_a heifer_n a_o boar_n and_o a_o sow_n a_o cock_n and_o hen_n with_o other_o such_o cattle_n and_o poultry_n as_o the_o house_n afford_v in_o pair_n male_a and_o female_a when_o thing_n be_v thus_o in_o readiness_n out_o come_v a_o old_a priest_n or_o wizard_n who_o mumble_v over_o a_o few_o hard_a word_n give_v the_o sacrifice_n a_o blow_n with_o a_o stick_n which_o stroke_n be_v second_v by_o the_o whole_a company_n till_o the_o heifer_n be_v dead_a and_o beat_v to_o piece_n whilst_o this_o ceremony_n last_v they_o cry_v this_o oblation_n of_o thanksgiving_n we_o make_v thou_o o_o ziemiennik_n so_o they_o call_v the_o feign_a god_n for_o that_o it_o have_v please_v thou_o to_o preserve_v we_o from_o all_o the_o evil_n of_o the_o year_n past_a and_o we_o beseech_v thou_o to_o protect_v and_o defend_v we_o for_o the_o future_a from_o fire_n sword_z pestilence_n and_o all_o our_o enemy_n after_o this_o they_o take_v a_o little_a of_o every_o dish_n they_o have_v provide_v and_o put_v it_o in_o four_o corner_n of_o the_o house_n and_o in_o the_o ground_n cry_v aloud_o accept_v o_o ziemiennik_n our_o offering_n eat_v with_o we_o and_o be_v merry_a the_o solemnity_n thus_o over_o they_o spend_v the_o rest_n of_o that_o day_n in_o feast_v and_o drunkenness_n there_o be_v no_o city_n or_o great_a town_n in_o samogitia_n of_o any_o consequence_n mzdniki_n be_v a_o poor_a and_o despicable_a city_n all_o the_o rest_n scarce_o merit_v the_o name_n of_o village_n lithvania_n and_o this_o province_n have_v all_o along_o be_v sharer_n in_o the_o same_o fortune_n and_o change_n they_o be_v both_o at_o once_o subject_a to_o the_o russian_n at_o once_o overrun_v by_o the_o teutonic_n order_n and_o at_o once_o convert_v from_o idolatry_n and_o subject_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o vladislaus_n jagello_n livonia_n livonia_n or_o liefland_n be_v bound_v on_o the_o east_n with_o russia_n on_o the_o west_n with_o the_o baltic_a sea_n on_o the_o north_n with_o the_o finland-bay_n on_o the_o south_n with_o samogitia_n and_o some_o part_n of_o lithvania_n the_o length_n of_o it_o be_v about_o 500_o english_a mile_n and_o the_o breadth_n near_o 160._o the_o country_n be_v general_o plain_a and_o fruitful_a abound_v with_o corn_n and_o honey_n some_o part_n of_o it_o be_v fenny_a full_a of_o lake_n and_o river_n the_o many_o conquest_n this_o land_n have_v suffer_v have_v make_v its_o inhabitant_n a_o medley_n of_o moscovite_n swede_n dane_n polander_n and_o german_n but_o the_o last_o have_v the_o great_a share_n in_o the_o country_n whence_o the_o generality_n speak_v high-dutch_a the_o common_a people_n be_v use_v as_o hardly_o here_o as_o in_o poland_n or_o lithvania_n and_o the_o nobility_n lord_n it_o as_o much_o drunkenness_n and_o gluttony_n be_v vice_n the_o lieflander_n be_v general_o addict_v to_o from_o the_o great_a lord_n to_o the_o mean_a peasant_n the_o boar_n will_v be_v hard_o put_v to_o it_o to_o get_v a_o live_n consider_v the_o untolerable_a drudgery_n they_o undergo_v if_o they_o have_v not_o the_o privilege_n of_o hunt_a hare_n of_o which_o they_o have_v great_a plenty_n in_o these_o part_n white_a in_o winter_n and_o brown_a in_o summer_n fox_n bear_n and_o other_o kind_n of_o venison_n it_o be_v agree_v upon_o by_o all_o author_n that_o liefland_n be_v first_o annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n by_o sigismond_n augustus_n though_o the_o story_n be_v tell_v different_a way_n kojalowicz_n tell_v we_o that_o william_n furstenburg_n master_n of_o the_o liefland_n order_n of_o knighthood_n upon_o his_o turn_n lutheran_n have_v frequent_a quarrel_n with_o william_n archbishop_n of_o riga_n who_o he_o accuse_v at_o a_o session_n of_o the_o nobility_n at_o winden_n of_o a_o conspiracy_n of_o betray_v curland_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o albert_n duke_n of_o prussia_n and_o the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n his_o kinsman_n upon_o this_o pretence_n he_o immediate_o enter_v the_o archbishops_n territory_n with_o a_o army_n and_o take_v he_o prisoner_n king_n sigismond_n hear_v this_o wage_n war_n with_o liefland_n and_o a.d._n 1557_o conquer_v it_o but_o the_o reason_n of_o this_o war_n seem_v to_o be_v ground_v upon_o better_a pretension_n than_o these_o for_o though_o it_o be_v true_a that_o there_o arise_v many_o skirmish_n between_o the_o archbishop_n and_o the_o master_n of_o the_o order_n touch_v point_n of_o religion_n yet_o during_o furstenburg_n government_n ivan_n duke_n of_o moscovy_n and_o not_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n overrun_v and_o lay_v waste_v the_o great_a part_n of_o liefland_n against_o who_o gothard_n ketler_n furstenburg_n successor_n request_v the_o aid_n of_o king_n sigismond_n who_o quick_o beat_v the_o moscovian_a out_o of_o his_o hold_n and_o create_v gothard_n duke_n of_o curland_n annex_v the_o rest_n of_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o dominion_n but_o he_o find_v this_o country_n be_v easy_o conquer_v than_o keep_v for_o the_o revalians_n find_v themselves_o unable_a to_o withstand_v the_o daily_a incursion_n of_o the_o moscovian_o commit_v their_o land_n to_o the_o protection_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n whereupon_o this_o king_n think_v his_o title_n to_o liefland_n be_v as_o good_a as_o the_o polander_n especial_o since_o ferdinand_n the_o emperor_n have_v give_v he_o the_o sole_a charge_n of_o defend_v it_o upon_o these_o pretension_n he_o present_o rout_v the_o pole_n out_o of_o habsal_n lehale_n parnow_n and_o other_o place_n and_o put_v into_o they_o garrison_n of_o his_o own_o beside_o the_o polish_v interest_n receive_v at_o the_o same_o time_n another_o fatal_a blow_n upon_o this_o occasion_n john_n duke_n of_o finland_n marry_v katherine_n sister_n to_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n to_o who_o he_o lend_v 80000_o some_o say_v 124000_o dollar_n upon_o a_o mortgage_n of_o the_o castle_n of_o wittenstein_n karchise_v frichate_n helmult_n ermise_n ruja_n and_o bortwic_n all_o in_o liefland_n return_v into_o sweden_n he_o be_v accuse_v by_o king_n eric_n his_o brother_n of_o high_a treason_n in_o offer_v to_o make_v a_o confederacy_n as_o he_o call_v it_o with_o sigismond_n augustus_n king_n of_o poland_n without_o his_o consent_n in_o this_o rage_n the_o king_n rob_v his_o brother_n of_o all_o the_o castle_n and_o take_v they_o into_o his_o own_o hand_n not_o without_o the_o pretence_n of_o be_v more_o able_a to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o fury_n of_o the_o moscovite_n not_o long_o after_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o eric_n king_n of_o sweden_n and_o sigismond_n king_n of_o poland_n the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n with_o irresistible_a force_n create_v the_o great_a duke_n of_o holstein_n king_n of_o liefland_n when_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n and_o poland_n perceive_v matter_n bring_v to_o this_o pass_n they_o think_v it_o high_a time_n to_o lay_v aside_o all_o petit_fw-fr animosity_n between_o their_o two_o kingdom_n and_o to_o join_v force_n against_o their_o common_a enemy_n the_o moscovite_n fear_v lest_o otherwise_o whilst_o they_o two_o stand_v quarrel_v for_o each_o a_o shell_n he_o shall_v snatch_v away_o the_o fish_n and_o indeed_o this_o confederacy_n prove_v very_o successful_a to_o the_o swede_n who_o in_o the_o year_n 1580_o retake_v many_o strong_a hold_v from_o the_o moscovite_n as_o lode_n lehale_n habsal_n narwe_v the_o province_n of_o wicki_n wittenstein_n carelogrod_n etc._n etc._n steven_n king_n of_o poland_n fear_v lest_o if_o the_o swede_n go_v on_o with_o the_o same_o success_n and_o vigour_n he_o begin_v with_o he_o will_v bring_v all_o liefland_n to_o his_o own_o beck_n clap_v up_o a_o peace_n with_o the_o moscovite_n unknown_a to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o the_o moscovite_n shall_v restore_v all_o the_o place_n he_o have_v take_v in_o lithvania_n that_o on_o the_o other_o hand_n king_n stephen_n shall_v restore_v to_o the_o duke_n of_o moscovy_n vielikoluk_n and_o some_o other_o fort_n he_o have_v take_v in_o these_o war_n after_o this_o when_o sigismond_n son_n of_o john_n the_o three_o king_n of_o sweden_n be_v upon_o the_o death_n of_o stephen_n elect_a king_n of_o poland_n the_o pole_n admit_v he_o upon_o this_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v annex_v all_o that_o part_n of_o liefland_n which_o be_v under_o his_o government_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o sigismond_n the_o three_o come_v to_o he_o crown_n of_o sweden_n can_v not_o by_o any_o mean_n be_v persuade_v to_o grant_v this_o request_n when_o he_o be_v depose_v from_o his_o kingdom_n there_o arise_v bloody_a war_n between_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n
still_o pay_v homage_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n from_o that_o time_n the_o polander_n begin_v to_o sleight_n and_o hate_v the_o silesian_n seldom_o call_v any_o of_o the_o silesian_n nobility_n to_o council_n of_o parliament_n and_o balk_v the_o right_a succession_n if_o any_o of_o this_o province_n have_v a_o just_a title_n to_o the_o crown_n these_o jealousy_n and_o quarrel_n be_v foment_v and_o increase_v by_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n son_n to_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o seven_o who_o by_o this_o mean_v whedle_v the_o duke_n of_o silesia_n into_o his_o yoke_n and_o afterward_o force_v casimir_n the_o great_a to_o resign_v the_o supreme_a government_n of_o that_o province_n into_o his_o hand_n after_o this_o the_o pole_n though_o they_o have_v frequent_a skirmish_n with_o the_o bohemian_o yet_o never_o regain_v any_o considerable_a foot_n in_o silesia_n for_o except_v the_o small_a territory_n of_o wschovia_n retake_v by_o casimir_n the_o great_a a.d._n 1343_o and_o some_o other_o parcel_n of_o ground_n annex_v to_o the_o estate_n of_o several_a bishopric_n and_o abbey_n in_o poland_n silesia_n be_v at_o present_a whole_o subject_a to_o the_o king_n of_o bohemia_n lusatia_n be_v once_o conquer_v by_o boleslaus_n chrobri_n but_o soon_o after_o lose_v again_o lusâ—â—â—â—_n lusâ—â—â—â—_n for_o though_o when_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n subdue_v silesia_n lusatia_n be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o that_o country_n and_o have_v ever_o since_o so_o continue_v yet_o the_o polander_n claim_v no_o more_o of_o it_o as_o lord_n of_o silesia_n than_o a_o few_o frontier_n town_n the_o rest_n be_v under_o the_o marquess_n of_o misnia_n and_o lusatia_n prince_n of_o the_o empire_n as_o goldastus_n prove_v it_o be_v without_o all_o authority_n of_o annal_n what_o some_o of_o the_o polish_v writer_n have_v endeavour_v to_o make_v out_o by_o etymology_n maâ—â—â—_n neâ—_n maâ—â—â—_n that_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v former_o subject_a to_o the_o prince_n of_o poland_n that_o new_a marck_n indeed_o or_o at_o least_o a_o good_a share_n of_o it_o be_v they_o be_v beyond_o all_o controversy_n since_o as_o the_o best_a historian_n witness_v miecislaus_fw-la or_o miscio_n the_o first_o christian_a duke_n of_o poland_n towards_o the_o latter_a end_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n first_o found_v the_o bishopric_n of_o lubuss_n this_o city_n be_v take_v from_o the_o polander_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o second_o but_o recover_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o first_o king_n of_o poland_n his_o successor_n keep_v it_o till_o the_o year_n 1109_o when_o it_o be_v again_o take_v by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n v_n who_o give_v it_o to_o adelgot_v archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o soon_o after_o it_o return_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o pole_n when_o silesia_n be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v divide_v among_o the_o son_n of_o vladislaus_n the_o second_o the_o territory_n of_o lubuss_n devolve_v into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o silesian_n duke_n whence_o it_o happen_v within_o a_o short_a while_n after_o to_o be_v make_v a_o part_n of_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n cromer_n say_v it_o be_v mortgage_v by_o boleslaus_n the_o bald_a and_o never_o redeem_v but_o dlugossus_n ad_fw-la ann_n 1198._o tell_v we_o it_o be_v sell_v by_o boleslaus_n son_n to_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislavia_n from_o that_o time_n the_o king_n of_o poland_n have_v have_v very_o little_a to_o do_v in_o new_a marck_n and_o at_o present_a have_v not_o one_o foot_n of_o land_n in_o it_o vladislaus_n jagello_n bring_v it_o whole_o under_o his_o power_n but_o his_o son_n find_v it_o too_o hot_a service_n for_o he_o to_o keep_v it_o and_o be_v therefore_o fain_o to_o resign_v it_o up_o to_o the_o marquis_n john_n casimir_n their_o late_a king_n part_v with_o the_o last_o stake_n by_o deliver_v up_o the_o town_n and_o castle_n of_o drahim_n to_o the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n in_o the_o treaty_n at_o bydgost_n in_o the_o year_n 1657._o that_o the_o slavonian_n be_v ancient_a inhabitant_n of_o pomeren_n be_v undeniable_o true_a …_o pom_n …_o pomorska_n in_o the_o slavonian_a language_n signify_v near_o the_o sea_n whence_o vincentius_n kadlubko_n a_o ancient_a and_o judicious_a polish_v writer_n use_v frequent_o the_o word_n maritima_n for_o pomeren_n and_o speak_v of_o this_o country_n these_o phrase_n be_v ordinary_a with_o he_o maritimae_n praeses_fw-la maritimae_n dux_n ingressus_fw-la est_fw-la maritimam_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o whether_o or_o no_o the_o polander_n be_v master_n of_o pomeren_n immediate_o upon_o the_o entrance_n of_o the_o slavoniaus_n be_v a_o grand_a question_n which_o the_o pole_n affirm_v but_o the_o pomeranian_o deny_v and_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o decide_v the_o controversy_n between_o they_o helmoldus_n agree_v as_o it_o shall_v seem_v with_o the_o latter_a place_n pomeren_n among_o the_o free_a slavonian_a province_n lie_v without_o the_o bound_n of_o the_o polish_v dominion_n and_o before_o his_o day_n adam_n bremensis_n give_v we_o the_o same_o account_n micraelius_n a_o historian_n of_o good_a credit_n lib._n 2._o chron._n pomer_n num_fw-la 46._o p._n 191._o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o first_o entrance_n which_o the_o polander_n make_v upon_o pomeren_n be_v in_o the_o ten_o century_n when_o the_o emperor_n otto_n iii_o authorize_v boleslaus_n chrobri_n king_n of_o poland_n to_o make_v war_n upon_o and_o bring_v into_o his_o subjection_n the_o prussian_n pomeranians_n wendi_n and_o russian_n which_o do_v the_o emperor_n at_o a_o visit_n give_v king_n boleslaus_n make_v the_o bishop_n of_o colberg_n a_o suffragan_n to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o gnesna_n in_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o eleven_o century_n miecislaus_fw-la ii_o spread_v his_o dominion_n all_o over_o casubia_n and_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n put_v garrison_n into_o all_o the_o fort_n and_o castle_n between_o the_o persandt_n and_o the_o vistula_n and_o commit_v the_o government_n of_o they_o to_o bela_n the_o king_n of_o hungary_n brother_n but_o upon_o bela_n return_n into_o hungary_n pomeren_n shake_v off_o the_o polish_v yoke_n and_o only_o be_v subject_n to_o duke_n of_o its_o own_o till_o svantibor_n surrender_v it_o again_o to_o boleslaus_n iii_o duke_n of_o poland_n upon_o condition_n he_o will_v free_v he_o from_o prison_n to_o which_o his_o own_o subject_n have_v commit_v he_o after_o svantibors_n death_n the_o dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n be_v divide_v among_o his_o four_o son_n whereof_o two_o who_o be_v duke_n of_o the_o western_a pomeren_n from_o colberg_n as_o far_o as_o the_o marck_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburgh_n be_v admit_v prince_n of_o the_o empire_n by_o frederick_n barbarossa_n the_o other_o two_o be_v force_v to_o yield_v themselves_o subject_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n but_o the_o pomeranian_o soon_o weary_a of_o bondage_n revolt_v once_o more_o from_o the_o king_n of_o poland_n and_o perhaps_o have_v for_o ever_o reject_v his_o government_n have_v not_o mestwin_n their_o duke_n want_v issue_n endeavour_v to_o subject_v they_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n for_o look_v upon_o the_o people_n of_o that_o country_n as_o mere_a stranger_n be_v indeed_o three_o part_n of_o they_o german_n they_o choose_v rather_o to_o give_v themselves_o up_o into_o the_o hand_n of_o their_o acquaintance_n then_o to_o be_v slave_n to_o a_o upstart_n and_o foreign_a nation_n whereupon_o they_o unanimous_o swear_v fealty_n to_o praemislaus_fw-la ii_o king_n of_o poland_n who_o take_v upon_o he_o the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o quarter_v his_o coat_n with_o the_o arm_n of_o pomeren_n the_o gryphin_n by_o this_o mean_v the_o king_n of_o poland_n become_v sole_a lord_n of_o the_o eastern_a pomeren_n in_o the_o year_n 1460_o casimir_n jagellonides_n straighten_a in_o the_o war_n he_o be_v engage_v in_o against_o the_o teutonick_n order_n in_o prussia_n commit_v the_o city_n and_o castle_n of_o lavenburgh_n and_o bouta_n to_o the_o trust_n of_o eric_n ii_o duke_n of_o west_n pomeren_n who_o successor_n george_n son_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la x._o and_o nephew_n to_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n have_v these_o city_n confirm_v to_o he_o and_o his_o posterity_n upon_o condition_n of_o pay_v some_o sleight_n acknowledgement_n to_o the_o crown_n of_o poland_n upon_o these_o term_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n renew_v his_o title_n to_o these_o place_n after_o the_o usual_a fashion_n by_o his_o ambassador_n in_o the_o year_n 1670._o what_o right_a the_o polander_n have_v at_o this_o day_n in_o prussia_n we_o have_v show_v before_o but_o former_o their_o pretension_n be_v much_o great_a than_o now_o sometime_o the_o duke_n of_o masovia_n lord_v it_o over_o the_o prussian_n and_o make_v the_o master_n of_o the_o teutonick_n order_v his_o vicegerent_n but_o in_o the_o treaty_n make_v between_o sigismond_n i._o king_n of_o poland_n and_o albert_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n who_o the_o
the_o swedish_n nation_n have_v make_v a_o law_n among_o his_o subject_n that_o if_o any_o of_o they_o kill_v or_o injure_v a_o swede_n he_o shall_v pay_v only_o half_a the_o mulct_n which_o be_v to_o be_v pay_v if_o he_o have_v do_v the_o like_a to_o any_o other_o person_n whatsoever_o 33._o atislus_n a_o warlike_a and_o magnificent_a king_n 34._o hotherus_fw-la who_o wage_v war_n with_o the_o dane_n and_o russes_z and_o die_v of_o a_o wound_n he_o receive_v in_o battle_n 35._o rodericus_fw-la king_n of_o denmark_n and_o swedland_n at_o the_o same_o time_n but_o either_o leave_v or_o lose_v the_o former_a he_o retire_v into_o the_o latter_a and_o there_o end_v his_o day_n 36._o attilus_n who_o kill_v wermundus_n king_n of_o denmark_n in_o single_a duel_n and_o be_v himself_o afterward_o slay_v by_o wermundus_n two_o son_n after_o this_o king_n time_n the_o succession_n for_o about_o 600_o year_n be_v much_o interrupt_v who_o enjoy_v the_o kingdom_n be_v uncertain_a botvildus_n charles_n two_o ericus_n two_o and_o six_o more_o be_v mention_v but_o little_o more_o know_v of_o they_o than_o their_o name_n he_o who_o historian_n first_o pitch_n upon_o to_o have_v certain_o succeed_v be_v 46._o alricus_n who_o challenge_v gestiblindus_n king_n of_o the_o goth_n to_o duel_n thereby_o lose_v both_o his_o life_n and_o kingdom_n 47._o ericus_n iii_n surname_v the_o wise_a and_o by_o some_o the_o eloquent_a a_o happy_a and_o peaceable_a prince_n he_o reign_v according_a to_o johannes_n magnus_n computation_n about_o four_o and_o thirty_o year_n before_o our_o saviour_n birth_n a_o catalogue_n of_o the_o gothish_a king_n who_o reign_v short_o after_o their_o transmigration_n out_o of_o scandia_n while_o they_o dwell_v about_o the_o palus_n maeotis_n near_o the_o time_n of_o the_o trojan_a war_n collect_v out_o of_o wolf_n lazius_n upon_o who_o credit_n you_o be_v to_o take_v they_o 1._o telephus_n well_o know_v for_o his_o exploit_n in_o the_o trojan_a war._n 2._o bericus_n or_o beget_n 3._o filimar_n 4._o frogradus_fw-la 5._o aringis_fw-la 6._o eurypilus_n 7._o tomyris_n 8._o antriregus_n after_o this_o succession_n of_o king_n in_o scythia_n europea_n the_o goth_n either_o weary_a of_o that_o country_n or_o drive_v out_o of_o it_o by_o some_o of_o their_o potent_a neighbour_n be_v say_v by_o the_o same_o author_n though_o i_o find_v not_o his_o opinion_n second_v by_o any_o swedish_n writer_n to_o have_v return_v into_o gothia_n and_o particular_o to_o have_v pitch_v upon_o the_o isle_n gotland_n as_o the_o fit_a seat_n for_o their_o king_n a_o long_a series_n of_o who_o may_v seem_v not_o very_o necessary_a to_o be_v set_v down_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n the_o same_o with_o the_o swedish_n king_n before_o mention_v 48._o haldanus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o hunns_n overrun_v gothia_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o king_n dominion_n build_v hunnaberg_n a_o ancient_a city_n in_o ostrogothia_a and_o after_o some_o continuance_n in_o the_o country_n be_v by_o this_o king_n at_o last_o utter_o expel_v 49._o sivardus_fw-la or_o sigvardus_fw-la in_o who_o time_n commotion_n arise_v in_o the_o kingdom_n the_o goth_n elect_v a_o separate_a king_n of_o their_o own_o name_v carolus_n who_o some_o make_v to_o be_v 50._o charles_n iii_o 51._o ericus_n iv_o slay_v by_o haldanus_n king_n of_o denmark_n 52._o haldanus_n who_o get_v the_o kingdom_n by_o his_o valour_n of_o this_o king_n be_v report_v several_a prodigious_a story_n as_o of_o his_o gigantic_a stature_n his_o pull_v up_o tree_n by_o the_o root_n and_o such_o like_a not_o inferior_a to_o those_o which_o poet_n relate_v of_o hercules_n and_o the_o giant_n 53._o vngvinus_n who_o to_o his_o own_o kingdom_n unite_v gothia_n for_o a_o long_a time_n govern_v by_o distinct_a king_n 54._o ragvaldus_n or_o regnaldus_n 55._o amundus_n 56._o haquinus_n in_o who_o reign_n the_o goth_n elect_v one_o sivardo_fw-la king_n of_o gothia_n 57_o ostenus_fw-la i._n who_o entertain_v a_o implacable_a hatred_n against_o the_o norwegian_n send_v a_o great_a army_n against_o they_o subdue_v their_o country_n make_v the_o inhabitant_n tributary_n to_o the_o swedish_n crown_n and_o as_o a_o opprobrium_fw-la to_o the_o nation_n set_v a_o dog_n to_o be_v chief_a governor_n over_o they_o to_o which_o they_o be_v to_o pay_v all_o subjection_n and_o swear_v allegiance_n under_o the_o penalty_n of_o lose_v one_o hand_n and_o one_o foot_n this_o be_v mention_v both_o in_o the_o swedish_n and_o norwegian_a chronicle_n 58._o alverus_n or_o alaricus_n elect_v say_v krantzius_n out_o of_o the_o noble_n and_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o his_o happy_a reign_n stab_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o be_v impatient_a to_o obtain_v the_o crown_n which_o he_o think_v he_o may_v procure_v after_o his_o death_n but_o vain_o for_o the_o government_n be_v confer_v on_o 59_o ingo_n i._o elder_a son_n to_o alverus_n he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o order_v the_o election_n of_o king_n to_o be_v hold_v at_o moresten_n near_o vpsal_n of_o the_o manner_n of_o which_o see_v what_o be_v say_v in_o suecia_n about_o this_o time_n the_o kingdom_n be_v govern_v by_o judge_n the_o next_o king_n be_v 60._o ingellus_fw-la i._n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n 61._o germunder_o in_o a_o war_n against_o denmark_n take_v prisoner_n and_o hang_v up_o upon_o a_o gibbet_n 62._o haquinus_n 63._o egellus_n after_o who_o time_n succeed_v several_a king_n johannes_n magnus_n reckon_v twenty_o concern_v who_o nothing_o very_o remarkable_a be_v set_v down_o by_o historian_n the_o next_o great_a epocha_n be_v count_v from_o the_o reign_n of_o 84._o bero_n or_o biorno_n iii_o the_o first_o christian_a king_n in_o sweden_n convert_v to_o christianity_n by_o one_o herebretus_n at_o his_o request_n send_v to_o he_o by_o charles_n the_o great_a emperor_n of_o germany_n 85._o brautamundus_n or_o amundus_n in_o some_o civil_a commotion_n in_o his_o kingdom_n kill_v by_o his_o brother_n and_o successor_n 86._o sivardus_fw-la ii_o who_o in_o his_o expedition_n against_o norway_n be_v with_o the_o great_a part_n of_o his_o army_n overcome_v in_o battle_n the_o enemy_n force_n most_o consist_v of_o woman_n 87._o herotus_fw-la or_o haraldus_n betwixt_o who_o and_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n a_o war_n break_v out_o concern_v the_o province_n of_o schonen_fw-mi which_o this_o king_n at_o last_o free_o grant_v to_o the_o king_n of_o denmark_n as_o a_o reward_n of_o his_o signal_n prudence_n and_o valour_n 89._o charles_n vi._n 90._o biorno_n iu._n 91._o ingellus_fw-la ii_o in_o who_o time_n helsingia_n and_o several_a other_o province_n in_o suecia_n have_v their_o distinct_a governor_n these_o he_o under_o colour_n of_o friendship_n invite_v to_o a_o banquet_n and_o when_o he_o have_v make_v they_o drink_v with_o strong_a liquor_n he_o cause_v a_o fire_n to_o be_v set_v on_o the_o place_n where_o they_o be_v and_o so_o destroy_v they_o all_o and_o seize_v on_o their_o possession_n to_o revenge_v this_o cruelty_n gramus_fw-la duke_n of_o sudermannia_n and_o hauno_n duke_n of_o ostrogothia_a raise_v force_n and_o come_v against_o he_o but_o with_o no_o good_a success_n at_o last_o for_o under_o pretence_n of_o a_o parley_n they_o be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o at_o ingellus_n command_n burn_v to_o death_n 92._o olaus_n from_o his_o command_v many_o thick_a wood_n to_o be_v cut_v down_o surname_v tratelia_n or_o tree-feller_n he_o be_v say_v by_o some_o to_o have_v embrace_v christianity_n at_o the_o persuasion_n of_o ansgarius_n a_o learned_a bishop_n send_v into_o sweden_n by_o lewis_n ii_o emperor_n of_o germany_n but_o though_o he_o himself_o perhaps_o do_v favour_v christian_a religion_n it_o get_v small_a foot_n among_o his_o subject_n for_o paganism_n be_v say_v for_o a_o long_a time_n to_o have_v prevail_v in_o the_o reign_v of_o the_o succeed_a prince_n 93._o ingo_n ii_o 94._o ericus_n vi_o surname_v windy-cap_n who_o be_v say_v to_o have_v have_v a_o cap_n by_o hold_v up_o of_o which_o he_o can_v cause_v the_o wind_n to_o blow_v from_o what_o point_v he_o please_v for_o which_o and_o such_o like_a magical_a exploit_n he_o by_o the_o consent_n of_o the_o people_n be_v elect_v king_n 95._o ericus_n vii_o surname_v victorious_a 96._o ericus_n viii_o surname_v aarsel_n i.e._n rich_a in_o corn._n he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v countenance_v christianity_n which_o have_v be_v from_o the_o time_n of_o bero_n till_o his_o reign_n very_o much_o suppress_v and_o endeavour_v by_o law_n to_o establish_v it_o in_o his_o kingdom_n to_o have_v be_v by_o the_o fury_n of_o his_o subject_n tear_v in_o piece_n and_o martyr_v for_o his_o good_a intention_n towards_o they_o 97._o olaus_n surname_v scotkonung_n i.e._n infant-king_n because_o advance_v to_o the_o crown_n when_o young_a he_o embrace_v christianity_n and_o send_v to_o ethelred_n king_n of_o england_n to_o furnish_v he_o with_o able_a minister_n
state_n during_o his_o absence_n steno_fw-it get_v into_o the_o office_n endeavour_v nothing_o more_o than_o to_o lessen_v his_o master_n and_o to_o advance_v his_o own_o credit_n and_o interest_n with_o the_o people_n and_o thereupon_o calumniate_v he_o as_o a_o public_a enemy_n to_o the_o nation_n seize_v upon_o those_o castle_n and_o fort_n which_o the_o king_n have_v officer_v with_o dane_n besieges_fw-fr stockholm_n gain_v the_o city_n present_o the_o castle_n in_o which_o the_o queen_n have_v secure_v herself_o after_o two_o year_n siege_n and_o not_o long_o after_o the_o command_n of_o the_o whole_a kingdom_n upon_o these_o disorder_n in_o sweden_n the_o king_n shelter_n himself_o in_o denmark_n thence_o send_v a_o messenger_n to_o steno_n stir_v desire_v he_o to_o send_v his_o queen_n christina_n to_o he_o who_o he_o courteous_o attend_v to_o the_o border_n of_o denmark_n die_v sudden_o at_o jenecopia_n a_o city_n in_o smalandia_n be_v as_o be_v suppose_v poison_v by_o some_o of_o the_o queen_n friend_n the_o kingdom_n be_v dispose_v of_o by_o the_o noble_n and_o give_v to_o or_o rather_o as_o johannes_n magnus_n relate_v forcible_o obtain_v by_o 128._o suanto_fw-la stir_v son_n to_o one_o nicolaus_n grand_a marshal_n of_o sweden_n he_o be_v administrator_n or_o protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n not_o absolute_a king_n he_o take_v colmar_n then_o possess_v by_o the_o dane_n and_o maintain_v a_o bloody_a war_n against_o john_n ii_o of_o denmark_n the_o exile_a king_n of_o sweden_n a_o treaty_n of_o peace_n be_v agree_v on_o to_o be_v hold_v at_o colmar_n he_o refuse_v to_o be_v present_a and_o be_v thereupon_o by_o maximilian_n the_o emperor_n of_o germany_n and_o john_n of_o denmark_n declare_v a_o enemy_n to_o the_o public_a and_o a_o disturber_n of_o the_o peace_n and_o as_o such_o he_o and_o all_o his_o accomplice_n be_v by_o all_o good_a man_n to_o be_v deem_v and_o their_o possession_n to_o be_v confiscate_v suanto_fw-la not_o value_v all_o their_o protestation_n against_o he_o declare_v against_o their_o proceed_n and_o strike_v a_o league_n with_o the_o lubecher_n which_o they_o afterward_o break_v put_v himself_o in_o a_o posture_n of_o defence_n in_o the_o prosecution_n of_o the_o war_n he_o die_v at_o arhusia_n after_o he_o have_v govern_v very_o happy_o for_o eight_o year_n the_o next_o who_o succeed_v he_o be_v his_o son_n 129._o steno_n stir_v junior_n protector_n of_o the_o kingdom_n upon_o some_o grievous_a quarrel_n and_o animosity_n break_v out_o betwixt_o this_o king_n and_o gustavus_n trolle_v who_o afterward_o enjoy_v the_o crown_n the_o kingdom_n be_v miserable_o shatter_v and_o opportunity_n give_v to_o christiern_n ii_o son_n to_o john_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n to_o make_v a_o invasion_n into_o it_o steno_n to_o defend_v himself_o raise_v a_o army_n go_v against_o he_o and_o near_o the_o lake_n wener_n lose_v his_o life_n in_o battle_n the_o kingdom_n be_v by_o the_o noble_n under_o certain_a condition_n as_o of_o have_v their_o law_n and_o religion_n protect_v etc._n etc._n give_v to_o 130._o christiern_n ii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o have_v obtain_v the_o diadem_n meditate_a nothing_o more_o than_o revenge_n and_o cruelty_n and_o commit_v so_o many_o massacre_n and_o act_n of_o hostility_n upon_o his_o subject_n that_o he_o may_v seem_v not_o much_o inferior_a in_o tyranny_n to_o nero_n himself_o he_o under_o pretence_n of_o friendship_n and_o decide_v the_o trouble_n of_o the_o kingdom_n invite_v all_o his_o noble_n to_o a_o royal_a banquet_n and_o after_o have_v treat_v they_o splendid_o for_o two_o whole_a day_n at_o last_o pretend_v the_o disturb_a state_n of_o the_o kingdom_n require_v that_o they_o shall_v be_v take_v out_o of_o the_o way_n and_o that_o the_o pope_n bull_n which_o he_o cause_v public_o to_o be_v read_v before_o they_o give_v he_o authority_n to_o do_v it_o murder_v they_o cast_v their_o dead_a body_n out_o into_o the_o street_n where_o they_o lie_v for_o three_o day_n to_o be_v tear_v by_o dog_n and_o tread_v upon_o by_o the_o soldier_n the_o body_n of_o steno_n stir_v which_o have_v lie_v some_o time_n in_o the_o ground_n he_o cause_v to_o be_v dug_n up_o and_o give_v to_o the_o dog_n to_o devour_v with_o suchlike_a unheard_a of_o cruelty_n which_o make_v he_o hate_v among_o his_o swedish_n subject_n and_o not_o secure_a while_o he_o live_v among_o they_o hereupon_o he_o retire_v or_o rather_o flee_v into_o denmark_n and_o the_o whole_a management_n of_o swedish_n affair_n be_v undertake_v by_o 131._o gustavus_n i._o nephew_n to_o steno_n stir_v by_o his_o brother_n ericus_n who_o christiern_n have_v put_v to_o death_n he_o when_o young_a be_v take_v by_o christiern_n and_o carry_v prisoner_n into_o denmark_n whence_o miraculous_o escape_v he_o come_v into_o sweden_n put_v himself_o in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o dissent_v party_n manage_v several_a engagement_n against_o the_o tyrant_n very_o successful_o and_o be_v at_o last_o seem_o much_a against_o his_o will_n crown_v king_n this_o king_n be_v the_o first_o who_o make_v the_o kingdom_n of_o sweden_n hereditary_n the_o noble_n and_o commons_o in_o consideration_n of_o the_o great_a service_n he_o have_v do_v the_o nation_n free_o give_v up_o their_o ancient_a right_n of_o elect_v and_o establish_v the_o crown_n upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n for_o ever_o he_o be_v the_o first_o that_o encourage_v and_o propagate_v the_o lutheran_n confession_n in_o sweden_n and_o make_v a_o league_n with_o the_o reform_a prince_n of_o germany_n to_o defend_v it_o against_o all_o opposer_n he_o protest_v against_o christianus_n iii_o king_n of_o denmark_n who_o allege_v some_o pretension_n to_o the_o arm_n three_o crown_n or_o of_o sweden_n make_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o russes_z and_o after_o he_o have_v reign_v happy_o for_o nine_o and_o thirty_o year_n dye_v in_o a_o quiet_a and_o peaceable_a old-age_n his_o diadem_n according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o inheritance_n be_v confer_v on_o the_o head_n of_o 132._o ericus_n fourteen_o his_o elder_a son_n as_o soon_o as_o or_o before_o he_o be_v well_o settle_v in_o the_o throne_n the_o first_o thing_n he_o propose_v to_o the_o senate_n be_v to_o consult_v about_o a_o marriage_n with_o elizabeth_n queen_n of_o england_n he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o dane_n which_o they_o not_o observe_v on_o their_o part_n he_o make_v war_n against_o they_o invade_v norway_n and_o commit_v some_o cruelty_n upon_o the_o norwegian_a nobleman_n thereupon_o quite_o lose_v the_o favour_n of_o his_o own_o subject_n and_o be_v by_o they_o under_o the_o command_n of_o his_o rebellious_a brother_n notwithstanding_o their_o oath_n of_o allegiance_n treacherous_o betray_v thrust_v from_o his_o throne_n and_o shut_v up_o in_o prison_n where_o after_o nine_o year_n confinement_n he_o die_v miserable_o during_o his_o imprisonment_n when_o he_o perceive_v what_o way_n affair_n will_v go_v and_o to_o who_o the_o kingdom_n after_o his_o death_n according_a to_o justice_n be_v transfer_v he_o be_v say_v to_o have_v write_v under_o his_o escutcheon_n these_o word_n translatum_fw-la est_fw-la regnum_fw-la &_o factum_fw-la est_fw-la fratris_fw-la mei_fw-la a_o domino_fw-la constitutum_fw-la est_fw-la ei_fw-la which_o so_o happen_v for_o the_o diadem_n in_o right_n descend_v upon_o 133._o john_n iii_o brother_n to_o ericus_n he_o as_o soon_o as_o invest_v with_o his_o royal_a robe_n endeavour_n to_o lay_v a_o foundation_n for_o a_o quiet_a reign_n and_o thereupon_o conclude_v a_o peace_n with_o the_o muscovite_n the_o pole_n and_o the_o dane_n his_o three_o potent_a neighbour_n this_o king_n be_v say_v to_o have_v endeavour_v to_o introduce_v the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n into_o his_o dominion_n and_o labour_v to_o persuade_v his_o brother_n charles_n to_o embrace_v that_o profession_n but_o with_o small_a success_n in_o the_o latter_a part_n of_o his_o reign_n he_o be_v victorious_a in_o war_n and_o see_v his_o son_n sigismond_n crown_v king_n of_o poland_n he_o die_v not_o without_o suspicion_n of_o be_v poison_v after_o his_o death_n his_o brother_n charles_n duke_n of_o sudermannia_n for_o some_o time_n manage_v all_o public_a affair_n till_o his_o nephew_n to_o who_o according_a to_o the_o right_n of_o succession_n the_o crown_n do_v belong_v can_v convenient_o come_v out_o of_o poland_n to_o receive_v it_o 134._o sigismond_n son_n to_o john_n iii_o he_o be_v educate_v in_o the_o religion_n of_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n hereupon_o the_o state_n of_o sweden_n fear_v lest_o he_o be_v admit_v king_n may_v reestablish_v popery_n among_o they_o before_o his_o coronation_n propose_v to_o he_o a_o oath_n not_o to_o alter_v any_o thing_n in_o their_o religion_n reform_v according_a to_o luther_n but_o to_o allow_v his_o subject_n the_o free_a exercise_n of_o that_o profession_n this_o oath_n he_o endeavour_v at_o first_o to_o evade_v but_o be_v
christian_n whereupon_o he_o be_v baptize_v in_o the_o year_n 826_o and_o immediate_o restore_v to_o his_o dominion_n but_o soon_o after_o he_o renounce_v christianity_n and_o continue_v heathen_a till_o reclaim_v by_o st._n anschar_n who_o for_o his_o good_a office_n in_o the_o northern_a kingdom_n be_v make_v archbishop_n of_o hamburgh_n in_o the_o year_n 835._o 2._o eric_n succeed_v his_o brother_n harald_n with_o who_o he_o have_v be_v baptize_v in_o germany_n in_o his_o kingdom_n and_o cruelty_n against_o the_o the_o christian_n in_o his_o day_n about_o the_o year_n 853_o the_o dane_n first_o enter_v france_n under_o the_o command_n of_o their_o captain_n rollo_n though_o other_o more_o probable_o relate_v he_o not_o to_o have_v be_v the_o first_o of_o those_o northern_a rover_n that_o invade_v france_n but_o to_o have_v succeed_v to_o gotfrid_n and_o to_o have_v enter_v france_n about_o the_o year_n 876_o and_o not_o to_o have_v be_v peaceable_o settle_v in_o normandy_n till_o 889_o or_o 890_o see_v the_o history_n of_o the_o life_n of_o king_n aelfred_n and_o seat_v themselves_o in_o that_o part_n which_o have_v ever_o since_o keep_v the_o name_n of_o normandy_n 3._o eric_n barn_n or_o the_o child_n be_v the_o only_a male_n leave_v alive_a of_o the_o royal_a family_n after_o the_o bloody_a war_n between_o his_o predecessor_n and_o guthorm_n king_n of_o norway_n he_o begin_v his_o reign_n happy_o have_v marry_v the_o daughter_n of_o king_n guthorm_n but_o within_o awhile_o he_o grow_v more_o cruel_a than_o any_o of_o his_o ancestor_n have_v be_v slay_v more_o bishop_n and_o destroy_v more_o church_n and_o religious_a house_n both_o in_o germany_n and_o england_n than_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o danish_a king_n put_v together_o in_o his_o german_a war_n he_o slay_v brunno_n duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o twelve_o count_n he_o die_v about_o the_o year_n 902._o 4._o canutus_n the_o hairy_a or_o lodneknudt_fw-ge succeed_v his_o father_n eric_n in_o his_o day_n 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be_v against_o the_o turk_n with_o who_o at_o last_o he_o conclude_v a_o peace_n in_o the_o year_n 1600._o but_o the_o truth_n be_v he_o mind_v his_o book_n more_o than_o art_n of_o chivalry_n and_o be_v a_o great_a scholar_n than_o soldier_n which_o give_v his_o brother_n mathias_n opportunity_n of_o undermine_v and_o cheat_v he_o of_o the_o kingdom_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n and_o force_v he_o to_o content_v himself_o with_o the_o arch-dukedom_n of_o austria_n and_o the_o empire_n 1612._o mathias_n upon_o his_o brother_n death_n be_v elect_v and_o crown_v emperor_n at_o francfurt_n the_o protestant_a religion_n be_v as_o much_o persecute_v by_o this_o emperor_n as_o it_o be_v encourage_v by_o his_o predecessor_n which_o harshness_n and_o severity_n give_v occasion_n to_o that_o bloody_a civil-war_n which_o break_v out_o first_o in_o bohemia_n and_o have_v afterward_o like_a to_o have_v set_v the_o whole_a empire_n in_o a_o flame_n when_o the_o oppression_n which_o the_o protestant_n lie_v under_o have_v occasion_v some_o dangerous_a sedition_n in_o a_o great_a many_o considerable_a city_n and_o market-town_n in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o bohemia_n the_o emperor_n order_v a_o synod_n to_o be_v call_v at_o prague_n design_v to_o allow_v the_o dissent_v party_n as_o they_o term_v the_o lutheran_n some_o small_a privilege_n but_o such_o as_o shall_v be_v far_o short_a of_o the_o large_a charter_n give_v and_o confirm_v to_o they_o by_o his_o brother_n rudolph_n at_o this_o meeting_n the_o emperor_n ambassador_n william_n slabate_v and_o jurislaw_n bazius_n where_o throw_v out_o of_o the_o window_n for_o their_o domineer_a carriage_n and_o so_o perish_v this_o mighty_o incense_v the_o emperor_n who_o endeavour_v to_o be_v revenge_v have_v like_a to_o have_v ruin_v himself_o and_o his_o empire_n he_o die_v without_o issue_n have_v reign_v seven_o year_n 1619._o ferdinand_n of_o gratz_n archduke_n of_o austria_n and_o grandson_n to_o ferdinand_n i._o by_o
but_o his_o large_a dukedom_n be_v break_v in_o piece_n by_o the_o emperor_n as_o we_o have_v occasion_n to_o tell_v the_o reader_n before_o and_o himself_o reduce_v from_o a_o great_a duke_n of_o saxony_n and_o lord_n of_o all_o the_o neighbour_a territory_n to_o a_o mean_a and_o inconsiderable_a duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n hitherto_o we_o have_v find_v the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n unite_v and_o subject_a to_o one_o prince_n lunenburg_n duke_n of_o lunenburg_n but_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o this_o henry_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1195_o they_o be_v divide_v for_o henry_n the_o lion_n have_v three_o son_n viz._n duke_n henry_n who_o be_v afterward_o make_v prince_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n duke_n otho_n who_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o imperial_a throne_n and_o duke_n william_n who_o succeed_v his_o father_n in_o the_o territory_n of_o luneburg_n but_o only_o style_v himself_n dominus_fw-la de_fw-fr luneburg_n and_o indeed_o he_o have_v but_o little_a reason_n to_o take_v upon_o he_o any_o great_a title_n since_o his_o two_o brother_n be_v sharer_n with_o he_o in_o the_o estate_n of_o his_o decease_a father_n for_o otho_n take_v possession_n of_o the_o city_n and_o country_n of_o brunswic_n and_o duke_n henry_n seize_v upon_o zell_n bremen_n and_o stade_n about_o the_o year_n 1213_o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o only_a son_n otho_n who_o afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1235_o be_v make_v duke_n of_o brunswic_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o second_v diploma_n which_o be_v at_o this_o day_n to_o be_v see_v in_o the_o duke_n of_o zell_n archive_v duke_n william_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1252_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n albert_n and_o john_n albert_n keep_v all_o his_o father_n dominion_n in_o his_o own_o hand_n but_o at_o last_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n to_o his_o brother_n john_n since_o that_o time_n the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n and_o luneburg_n have_v be_v always_o reckon_v two_o distinct_a principality_n and_o usual_o subject_a to_o two_o different_a prince_n after_o this_o division_n of_o the_o two_o dukedom_n duke_n john_n govern_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n about_o eight_o year_n and_o then_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1276_o leave_v his_o estate_n to_o his_o son_n otho_n by_o the_o way_n we_o may_v take_v notice_n of_o a_o notorious_a parachronism_n in_o dr._n heylin_n cosmography_n wherein_o reckon_v only_o the_o eight_o year_n government_n of_o duke_n john_n without_o mention_v any_o power_n enjoy_v by_o his_o brother_n albert_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n he_o bring_v otho_n ii_o to_o the_o dukedom_n in_o the_o year_n 1261_o which_o be_v fifteen_o year_n exact_o the_o time_n that_o duke_n albert_n keep_v possession_n of_o both_o his_o father_n dukedom_n before_o his_o father_n death_n otho_n have_v reign_v 53_o year_n and_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1330_o leave_v behind_o he_o two_o son_n otho_n and_o william_n who_o be_v joint-governor_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o and_o twenty_o year_n after_o which_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o duke_n otho_n without_o any_o heir_n male_a william_n be_v the_o sole_a governor_n for_o some_o small_a term_n of_o year_n but_o consider_v that_o upon_o the_o failure_n of_o issue_n from_o himself_o and_o his_o brother_n the_o line_n of_o luneburg_n be_v like_a to_o be_v extinct_a he_o resolve_v during_o his_o life-time_n to_o choose_v himself_o a_o successor_n whereupon_o at_o first_o he_o pitch_v upon_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n his_o brother_n daughter_n son_n but_o afterward_o change_v his_o resolution_n he_o resign_v the_o dukedom_n to_o ludowic_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n who_o have_v marry_v his_o elder_a daughter_n mechtild_v duke_n ludowic_n have_v govern_v three_o year_n and_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1358_o be_v succeed_v by_o magnus_n surname_v mit_fw-ge der_fw-ge ketten_v or_o torquatus_n to_o who_o the_o luneburger_n submit_v themselves_o upon_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v protect_v they_o against_o all_o injury_n offer_v they_o either_o by_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n or_o any_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o saxony_n soon_o after_o torquatus_n upon_o his_o father_n death_n get_v possession_n of_o the_o territory_n of_o brunswic_n and_o so_o both_o dukedom_n be_v once_o more_o unite_v but_o notwithstanding_o the_o great_a confidence_n they_o repose_v in_o their_o new_a prince_n and_o the_o vast_a pormise_n he_o make_v they_o albert_n duke_n of_o saxony_n assist_v by_o the_o forementioned_a emperor_n charles_n the_o four_o in_o pursuance_n of_o his_o right_n as_o be_v descend_v from_o the_o elder_a brother_n daughter_n by_o force_n recover_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n in_o the_o year_n 1372_o and_o enjoy_v it_o fourteen_o year_n after_o his_o death_n there_o be_v great_a war_n betwixt_o the_o house_n of_o brunswic_n and_o saxony_n each_o of_o they_o lay_v claim_n to_o and_o contend_v for_o this_o dukedom_n at_o last_o in_o the_o year_n 1388_o bernhard_n duke_n magnus_n son_n obtain_v the_o government_n but_o soon_o after_o frideric_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n be_v slay_v in_o his_o return_n from_o francfurt_n where_o he_o be_v new_o choose_v emperor_n bernhard_n be_v remove_v to_o brunswic_n and_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n give_v to_o his_o nephew_n henry_n who_o before_o have_v some_o share_n with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n henry_n have_v be_v sole_a duke_n of_o luneburg_n for_o the_o space_n of_o sixteen_o year_n dye_v a._n d._n 1416._o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n william_n who_o within_o a_o while_n after_o fall_v out_o with_o his_o cousin_n otho_n duke_n bernhard_n son_n make_v several_a incursion_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o brunswic_n many_o of_o the_o most_o considerable_a city_n whereof_o he_o lay_v siege_n to_o and_o take_v some_o while_n after_o the_o quarrel_n betwixt_o the_o two_o duke_n be_v compose_v upon_o this_o condition_n that_o they_o shall_v change_v dukedom_n which_o be_v according_o do_v in_o the_o year_n 1428_o and_o so_o otho_n be_v make_v duke_n of_o luneburg_n and_o william_n remove_v to_o brunswic_n otho_n brother_n duke_n frideric_n succeed_v he_o though_o dr._n heylin_n make_v he_o his_o predecessor_n in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o have_v govern_v about_o fourteen_o year_n quit_v the_o dukedom_n and_o shut_v himself_o up_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o zell_n in_o the_o year_n 1459._o hereupon_o the_o government_n be_v commit_v to_o his_o two_o son_n bernhard_n and_o otho_n the_o former_a of_o which_o die_v within_o five_o year_n and_o the_o latter_a surve_v about_o seven_o year_n leave_v behind_o he_o only_o one_o young_a son_n about_o three_o year_n old_a this_o force_v the_o old_a duke_n frideric_n in_o his_o extreme_a dotage_n to_o reassume_v the_o government_n till_o his_o grandchild_n shall_v come_v to_o maturity_n he_o manage_v the_o affair_n of_o his_o dukedom_n for_o seven_o year_n long_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1478._o the_o young_a duke_n henry_n be_v not_o above_o ten_o year_n of_o age_n at_o his_o grandfather_n death_n be_v assist_v in_o the_o government_n by_o his_o mother_n for_o some_o year_n ten_o year_n before_o his_o death_n which_o happen_v in_o the_o year_n 1532_o he_o settle_v the_o dukedom_n upon_o his_o three_o son_n otho_n ernest_n and_o francis_n the_o first_o of_o these_o prefer_v a_o retire_a life_n to_o the_o state_n and_o grandeur_n of_o a_o dukedom_n resign_v his_o right_n to_o his_o brother_n ernestus_n during_o his_o father_n life_n demand_v only_o a_o certain_a annual_a stipend_n sufficient_a for_o the_o maintenance_n of_o himself_o and_o a_o small_a family_n this_o ernest_n together_o with_o his_o brother_n francis_n who_o share_v with_o he_o in_o the_o government_n till_o the_o year_n 1539_o but_o be_v afterward_o put_v off_o with_o the_o lordship_n of_o giffhorn_n and_o monastery_n of_o isenhagen_n bring_v in_o the_o reform_a religion_n in_o the_o year_n 1530._o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1546_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n francis_n otho_n who_o have_v govern_v about_o thirteen_o year_n dye_v without_o issue_n male_a and_o leave_v the_o dukedom_n to_o his_o two_o brother_n henry_n and_o william_n these_o two_o rule_v peaceable_o together_o for_o the_o space_n of_o ten_o year_n but_o afterward_o they_o separate_v themselves_o and_o agree_v that_o william_n shall_v have_v the_o sole_a government_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n and_o duke_n henry_n be_v content_a with_o the_o revenue_n of_o the_o lordship_n of_o dannenberg_n and_o monastery_n of_o scharnebeck_n to_o which_o be_v afterward_o add_v the_o lordship_n of_o hitzaker_n luchau_n and_o warbke_n in_o the_o year_n 1592._o duke_n william_n die_v and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o son_n ernest_n who_o keep_v the_o dukedom_n of_o luneburg_n till_o the_o year_n 1611._o in_o which_o he_o leave_v it_o to_o
wartislaus_n the_o former_a seat_v himself_o in_o pomerellia_n and_o retain_v the_o language_n and_o manner_n of_o his_o countryman_n the_o slavonian_n the_o late_a be_v make_v lord_n of_o the_o low_a pomeren_n border_v upon_o the_o dukedom_n of_o mecklenburg_n and_o short_o after_o conform_v himself_o to_o the_o law_n and_o language_n of_o the_o saxon_n his_o neighbour_n whereupon_o this_o part_n of_o his_o father_n territory_n begin_v to_o be_v reckon_v a_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n and_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o casimir_n wartislaus_n son_n receive_v the_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o prince_n of_o the_o roman_a empire_n from_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n this_o dukedom_n be_v afterward_o in_o the_o year_n 1217_o part_v betwixt_o bugislaus_fw-la and_o otho_fw-la two_o brother_n from_o who_o spring_v the_o two_o house_n of_o wolgast_n and_o stetin_n which_o continue_v near_o two_o hundred_o year_n but_o the_o house_n of_o stetin_n fail_v a.d._n 1464_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o that_o part_n of_o the_o estate_n be_v confer_v upon_o frideric_n the_o second_o marquis_n and_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n the_o three_o this_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren-wolgast_a look_v upon_o as_o a_o notorious_a piece_n of_o injustice_n to_o their_o family_n and_o therefore_o be_v resolve_v to_o oppose_v with_o all_o imaginable_a vigour_n the_o elector_n pretension_n at_o last_o the_o quarrel_n be_v compose_v between_o the_o two_o house_n of_o pomeren_n and_o brandenburg_n upon_o these_o condition_n that_o both_o of_o they_o shall_v retain_v the_o arm_n and_o title_n of_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o the_o possession_n and_o revenue_n of_o all_o territory_n comprise_v under_o that_o name_n shall_v be_v yield_v up_o to_o the_o duke_n of_o wolgast_n and_o that_o upon_o the_o fail_n of_o their_o issue_n male_a it_o shall_v descend_v upon_o the_o heir_n of_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n according_o upon_o the_o death_n of_o bugislaus_fw-la the_o fourteen_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o year_n 1637_o the_o late_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n george-william_n put_v in_o his_o claim_n to_o the_o estate_n but_o the_o swede_n have_v under_o pretence_n of_o assist_a duke_n bugislaus_fw-la against_o the_o imperialist_n in_o the_o civil_a war_n of_o germany_n make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o strong_a place_n in_o the_o country_n can_v not_o be_v persuade_v to_o part_v with_o a_o maritime_a province_n which_o lie_v so_o convenient_a for_o they_o and_o therefore_o as_o conqueror_n use_v to_o prescribe_v law_n with_o far_o less_o regard_n to_o justice_n then_o their_o own_o interest_n they_o will_v not_o yield_v to_o the_o conclusion_n of_o any_o peace_n at_o the_o treaty_n of_o munster_n before_o it_o be_v agree_v that_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o wollin_n and_o the_o town_n of_o stetin_n shall_v from_o thenceforward_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o crown_n of_o sweden_n and_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n only_o be_v enjoy_v by_o the_o house_n of_o brandenburg_n and_o that_o no_o long_o than_o the_o male_a issue_n of_o that_o family_n last_v upon_o the_o failure_n whereof_o it_o also_o be_v to_o be_v add_v to_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n dominion_n and_o in_o the_o mean_a time_n both_o prince_n be_v to_o enjoy_v the_o title_n and_o bear_v the_o arm_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n but_o because_o for_o the_o common_a peace_n of_o the_o empire_n and_o in_o compliance_n to_o the_o peremptory_a demand_n of_o the_o queen_n of_o sweden_n minister_n the_o elector_n have_v in_o this_o agreement_n quit_v the_o title_n to_o a_o good_a part_n of_o his_o inheritance_n it_o be_v further_o conclude_v that_o his_o loss_n shall_v be_v recompense_v by_o the_o addition_n of_o the_o bishopric_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n convert_v into_o temporal_a principality_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n to_o which_o be_v also_o add_v the_o reversion_n of_o the_o archbishopric_n of_o magdeburg_n which_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o then_o incumbent_a administrator_n augustus_n duke_n of_o saxony_n be_v to_o descend_v upon_o he_o and_o his_o heir_n now_o although_o the_o elector_n may_v seem_v to_o have_v gain_v by_o this_o bargain_n since_o the_o low_a pomeren_n which_o he_o have_v quit_v to_o the_o swede_n will_v not_o doubtless_o yield_v so_o good_a a_o revenue_n as_o the_o principality_n of_o magdeburg_n halberstadt_n and_o minden_n yet_o there_o be_v no_o question_n but_o upon_o examination_n we_o shall_v find_v reason_n to_o believe_v that_o he_o have_v rather_o have_v the_o entire_a dukedom_n of_o pomeren_n restore_v than_o three_o more_o such_o inland_n province_n bestow_v on_o he_o since_o by_o this_o mean_v he_o will_v have_v the_o opportunity_n of_o make_v himself_o considerable_a at_o sea_n and_o be_v free_v from_o the_o inconvenience_n of_o have_v a_o potent_a neighbour_n who_o keep_v he_o in_o perpetual_a jealousy_n upon_o these_o consideration_n the_o state_n of_o the_o empire_n have_v think_v fit_a to_o make_v a_o further_a reparation_n of_o his_o damage_n by_o allow_v he_o voice_n in_o their_o assembly_n as_o duke_n of_o pomeren_n and_o magdeburg_n and_o as_o prince_n of_o halberstadt_n and_o minden_n and_o because_o former_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bremen_n take_v their_o turn_n in_o the_o direction_n of_o the_o circle_n of_o the_o low_a saxony_n they_o have_v agree_v that_o the_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n shall_v alternate_a with_o the_o king_n of_o sweden_n who_o enjoy_v the_o ancient_a archbishopric_n of_o bremen_n under_o the_o same_o title_n as_o the_o say_a duke_n do_v that_o of_o magdeburg_n in_o the_o same_o quality_n after_o the_o ratification_n of_o this_o treaty_n at_o munster_n the_o swede_n quiet_o enjoy_v the_o low_a pomeren_n according_a to_o the_o tenure_n of_o the_o article_n aforesaid_a until_o in_o these_o late_a war_n the_o unite_a force_n of_o the_o dane_n and_o brandenburger_n not_o without_o great_a difficulty_n and_o much_o bloodshed_n overpowred_n they_o and_o sieze_v on_o all_o the_o low_a pomeren_n together_o with_o the_o isle_n of_o rugen_n and_o the_o city_n of_o stetin_n but_o of_o this_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o say_v more_o in_o the_o follow_a description_n of_o particular_a city_n chief_a city_n in_o the_o upper_a pomeren_n i._o stetin_n stetin_n stetin_n this_o have_v ever_o be_v reckon_v the_o metropolis_n of_o all_o pomeren_n and_o stralsund_v only_o the_o chief_a town_n in_o the_o principality_n of_o rugen_n by_o who_o or_o when_o it_o be_v first_o build_v can_v easy_o be_v determine_v and_o it_o be_v to_o no_o purpose_n to_o trouble_v the_o reader_n with_o the_o idle_a conjecture_n of_o illiterate_a historian_n who_o pretend_v to_o fetch_v its_o genealogy_n from_o a_o warlike_a nation_n who_o they_o call_v sidini_n that_o before_o the_o build_n of_o town_n or_o house_n come_v in_o fashion_n in_o these_o part_n of_o the_o world_n keep_v their_o usual_a rendezvous_n in_o the_o place_n where_o stetin_n now_o stand_v however_o it_o be_v more_o commendable_a for_o the_o improvement_n it_o have_v receive_v in_o the_o beauty_n of_o its_o building_n and_o number_n of_o inhabitant_n within_o the_o memory_n of_o its_o own_o record_n than_o any_o antiquity_n it_o can_v boast_v of_o although_o as_o we_o have_v say_v it_o be_v beyond_o the_o skill_n of_o the_o able_a antiquary_n to_o find_v out_o its_o original_n about_o four_o hundred_o year_n ago_o stetin_n be_v build_v of_o a_o quite_o different_a figure_n from_o what_o it_o have_v at_o this_o day_n the_o church_n of_o st._n peter_n which_o now_o stand_v without_o the_o wall_n be_v place_v in_o the_o very_a middle_n of_o the_o town_n the_o convenient_a and_o pleasant_a situation_n it_o now_o have_v on_o the_o rise_n of_o a_o small_a hill_n its_o regular_a fortification_n beauty_n and_o strength_n it_o owe_v to_o the_o saxon_n who_o by_o permission_n of_o some_o of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n come_v hither_o to_o reform_v the_o barbarous_a manner_n and_o language_n of_o their_o then_o wendish_n subject_n by_o this_o mean_n trade_v be_v advance_v and_o the_o number_n of_o the_o inhabitant_n multiply_v so_o exceed_o that_o some_o writer_n who_o give_v we_o a_o description_n of_o this_o city_n in_o its_o modern_a condition_n represent_v it_o as_o a_o place_n where_o more_o people_n inhabit_v under_o ground_n then_o above_o it_o intimate_v that_o the_o town_n be_v so_o populous_a that_o a_o great_a number_n of_o its_o citizen_n be_v force_v to_o live_v in_o cellar_n and_o vault_n the_o castle_n former_o the_o palace_n of_o the_o duke_n of_o stetin_n and_o now_o the_o usual_a residence_n of_o the_o swedish_n governor_n be_v a_o pile_n of_o building_n which_o excel_v perhaps_o any_o piece_n of_o architecture_n in_o these_o part_n of_o europe_n and_o may_v vy_z with_o most_o of_o its_o kind_n in_o
to_o the_o court_n who_o be_v easy_o win_v over_o to_o the_o elector_n opinion_n they_o can_v not_o but_o observe_v a_o continual_a advancement_n of_o calvinism_n and_o as_o constant_a decay_n of_o the_o lutheran_n party_n whereupon_o they_o resolve_v the_o forementioned_a decree_n for_o the_o establishment_n of_o the_o augsburg_n confession_n shall_v be_v renew_v and_o confirm_v if_o possible_a beyond_o all_o fear_n of_o a_o future_a violation_n in_o pursuance_n of_o this_o resolution_n they_o procure_v the_o say_a decree_n to_o be_v insert_v as_o the_o seven_o article_n into_o the_o westphalian_a treaty_n which_o they_o look_v upon_o as_o a_o eternal_a and_o immutable_a law_n to_o the_o whole_a german_a empire_n yet_o notwithstanding_o these_o assurance_n the_o present_a elector_n of_o brandenburg_n a_o zealous_a assertor_n of_o his_o father_n tenant_n have_v in_o many_o part_n of_o his_o dominion_n especial_o his_o two_o university_n of_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge and_o koningsberg_n discourage_v the_o lutheran_n and_o countenance_v calvinism_n the_o hotspur_n professor_n at_o wittenberg_n abraham_n calovius_n and_o his_o brethren_n first_o provoke_v he_o with_o daily_a curse_n and_o anathema_n vent_v against_o calvin_n and_o his_o follower_n to_o publish_v a_o edict_n command_v all_o his_o subject_n to_o withdraw_v their_o son_n from_o that_o university_n within_o the_o space_n of_o three_o month_n after_o the_o publish_n of_o the_o say_a edict_n upon_o the_o death_n of_o his_o first_o marchioness_n lovis-henrietta_n daughter_n to_o the_o prince_n of_o orange_n and_o a_o zealous_a calvinist_n the_o brandenburger_n have_v some_o hope_n their_o elector_n will_v have_v be_v bring_v over_o to_o their_o party_n or_o at_o least_o upon_o his_o second_o marriage_n with_o dorothy_n daughter_n to_o philip_n duke_n of_o holstein_n and_o relict_n of_o christian-lewis_n duke_n of_o brunswic_n and_o lunenburg_n as_o resolute_a a_o assertor_n of_o luther_n doctrine_n as_o the_o former_a of_o calvin_n have_v a_o little_a abate_v his_o rigorous_a persecution_n but_o hitherto_o their_o hope_n have_v be_v blast_v without_o the_o elector_n care_n to_o redress_v their_o grievance_n any_o further_a than_o to_o wink_v at_o the_o ordinary_a exercise_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n and_o indeed_o it_o be_v almost_o impossible_a for_o he_o to_o be_v true_o reconcile_v as_o long_o as_o strauchius_fw-la at_o present_a a_o note_a preacher_n in_o dantzic_n not_o long_o since_o commit_v to_o the_o goal_n for_o raillery_n with_o some_o other_o hotheaded_a lutheran_n pulpiters_n take_v upon_o they_o to_o represent_v not_o only_a calvinist_n in_o general_a but_o the_o elector_n himself_o as_o one_o of_o the_o devil_n be_v chief_a instrument_n for_o pervert_v the_o true_a christian_a religion_n mutavit_fw-la dominos_fw-la marchia_n saepe_fw-la suos_fw-la government_n government_n be_v a_o say_n we_o often_o meet_v with_o in_o the_o historian_n that_o treat_v of_o this_o marquisate_n but_o the_o first_o time_n that_o we_o hear_v of_o any_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n be_v after_o the_o year_n 927._o for_o henry_n i._o emperor_n of_o germany_n have_v overcome_v this_o part_n of_o the_o country_n bestow_v it_o on_o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n on_o condition_n that_o he_o shall_v defend_v these_o march_n or_o outmost_a limit_n of_o the_o empire_n against_o the_o sclave_n thereupon_o give_v he_o the_o title_n of_o marckgraf_n or_o marquis_n from_o this_o time_n we_o may_v reckon_v up_o three_o several_a catalogue_n or_o class_n of_o the_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n begin_v first_o with_o such_o as_o be_v not_o hereditary_a marquis_n but_o have_v that_o title_n confer_v on_o they_o by_o the_o emperor_n and_o enjoy_v it_o during_o his_o pleasure_n these_o be_v 1._o sigefride_n earl_n of_o rengelheim_n who_o be_v as_o we_o have_v say_v create_v the_o first_o marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n by_o the_o emperor_n henry_n the_o first_o in_o the_o year_n 927._o beside_o his_o exploit_n in_o several_a expedition_n against_o the_o slavonian_n he_o may_v just_o lay_v claim_n to_o some_o more_o than_o ordinary_a preferment_n as_o be_v brother_n to_o the_o empress_n after_o his_o death_n 2._o gero_n count_n of_o altenburg_n and_o mersburg_n be_v make_v marquis_n by_o otho_n the_o first_o he_o build_v the_o monastery_n of_o gerenrood_n which_o still_o retain_v his_o name_n have_v govern_v a_o few_o year_n he_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o 3._o bruno_n or_o brumito_n earl_n of_o within_o and_o burgraf_n of_o zorbeck_n create_v marquis_n by_o the_o same_o emperor_n and_o by_o the_o permission_n of_o otho_n the_o three_o his_o son_n 4._o hugh_n succeed_v who_o have_v be_v the_o founder_n of_o seven_o stately_a monastery_n in_o italy_n die_v in_o the_o year_n 1001_o and_o be_v succeed_v by_o his_o brother_n 5._o sigebart_n who_o otho_n the_o three_o make_v the_o first_o marquis_n elector_n his_o son_n 6._o theodoric_n prove_v a_o great_a persecutor_n of_o the_o heneti_n two_o of_o who_o prince_n he_o persuade_v the_o emperor_n henry_n ii_o to_o hang_v up_o and_o all_o other_o tribe_n of_o the_o neighbour_a slave_n and_o vandal_n but_o be_v at_o last_o overpower_v by_o they_o and_o be_v beat_v out_o of_o all_o his_o territory_n by_o mistivoius_fw-la prince_n of_o the_o obotriti_n be_v force_v to_o end_v his_o day_n miserable_o in_o a_o monastery_n at_o magdeburg_n 7._o vdo_n earl_n of_o soltwedel_n within_o some_o year_n after_o encourage_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o emperor_n conrade_n ii_o and_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n give_v battle_n to_o the_o slave_n and_o have_v force_v they_o out_o of_o their_o new_a conquest_n be_v himself_o make_v marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n 8._o vdo_fw-la ii_o succeed_v his_o father_n but_o join_v afterward_o ward_n with_o rodolph_n duke_n of_o schwaben_n in_o a_o rebellion_n against_o the_o emperor_n henry_n iu._n he_o be_v by_o the_o same_o emperor_n proscribe_v and_o his_o marquisate_n give_v to_o 9_o primislaus_n king_n of_o the_o obotriti_n and_o ancestor_n to_o the_o duke_n of_o mecklenburg_n after_o who_o death_n the_o marquisate_n be_v make_v hereditary_a by_o the_o emperor_n frideric_n barbarossa_n who_o confer_v it_o upon_o albert_n surname_v vrsus_fw-la prince_n of_o anhalt_n and_o marquis_n of_o soltwedel_n from_o who_o we_o may_v reckon_v the_o second_o catalogue_n of_o marquis_n in_o the_o order_n follow_v 1._o albert_n create_v elector_n and_o duke_n of_o saxony_n brunswic_n etc._n etc._n in_o the_o place_n of_o henry_n surname_v the_o lion_n 2._o otho_n albert_n son_n succeed_v by_o his_o son_n 3_o otho_fw-la ii_o who_o die_v without_o issue_n in_o the_o holy_a war_n leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 4._o albert_n ii_o he_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1221_o and_o leave_v his_o dominion_n to_o his_o son_n 5._o john_n a_o great_a benefactor_n to_o francfurt_n upon_o the_o oder_fw-ge his_o son_n 6._o otho_fw-la iii_o build_v brandenburg_n in_o prussia_n and_o live_v all_o his_o reign_n which_o last_v about_o fifteen_o year_n in_o a_o continual_a warfare_n with_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n and_o bishop_n of_o halberstadt_n this_o man_n brother_n 7._o john_n ii_o have_v leave_v nothing_o memorable_a record_v of_o he_o save_v that_o he_o keep_v possession_n for_o some_o year_n of_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n which_o be_v pawn_v to_o he_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o vratislaw_n john_n the_o first_o be_v three_o son_n 8._o conrade_n obtain_v the_o marquisate_n after_o the_o death_n of_o his_o two_o elder_a brother_n and_o die_v very_o old_a and_o decrepit_a in_o the_o year_n 1303._o his_o son_n 9_o john_n iii_o do_v not_o long_o outlive_v his_o father_n but_o die_v in_o the_o year_n 1305_o leave_v the_o marquisate_n to_o his_o brother_n 10._o waldemar_n who_o annex_v a_o good_a part_n of_o lusatia_n which_o he_o win_v from_o the_o marquis_n of_o misnia_n to_o the_o marquisate_n of_o brandenburg_n his_o nephew_n 11._o waldemar_n ii_o die_v within_o four_o year_n of_o his_o uncle_n in_o the_o year_n 1323_o have_v act_v nothing_o worth_a the_o relate_n and_o yet_o short_a be_v the_o government_n of_o his_o brother_n 12._o john_n iu._n the_o last_o marquis_n of_o the_o house_n of_o anhalt_n after_o who_o death_n which_o happen_v within_o forty_o day_n after_o he_o be_v advance_v to_o the_o government_n the_o marquisate_n escheat_v to_o the_o empire_n for_o want_v of_o heir_n be_v give_v to_o 13._o lewis_n of_o bavaria_n by_o his_o father_n lewis_n the_o emperor_n he_o resign_v to_o his_o brother_n 14._o lewis_n ii_o surname_v the_o roman_a because_o bear_v at_o rome_n who_o be_v succeed_v by_o the_o emperor_n three_o son_n 15._o otho_n count_n palatine_n of_o the_o rhine_n he_o afterward_o sell_v the_o marquisate_n to_o the_o emperor_n charles_n iu._n who_o give_v it_o to_o his_o son_n 16._o winceslaus_fw-la but_o he_o have_v not_o enjoy_v it_o quite_o five_o year_n before_o he_o be_v upon_o his_o father_n
tract_n in_o latin_a contain_v its_o description_n and_o virtue_n the_o other_o be_v the_o chief_a of_o all_o the_o river_n in_o silesia_n rivers_n rivers_n it_o spring_v near_o the_o town_n oder_fw-ge not_o far_o from_o teschen_n on_o the_o border_n of_o moravia_n and_o pass_v by_o ratibor_n cossel_n oppelen_n brieg_n brieslaw_n glogaw_n beuthen_n and_o crossen_n with_o some_o more_o city_n of_o less_o note_n before_o it_o leave_v this_o dukedom_n other_o remarkable_a river_n be_v the_o bober_n neisse_n ohla_n and_o queiss_n beside_o these_o it_o be_v the_o honour_n of_o silesia_n that_o the_o vistula_n the_o best_a river_n in_o poland_n and_o the_o elb_n spring_v out_o of_o its_o mountain_n there_o be_v also_o in_o this_o country_n good_a store_n of_o pond_n and_o lake_n which_o yield_v plenty_n of_o all_o manner_n of_o fresh_a water_n fish_n especial_o lamprey_n which_o be_v catch_v in_o prodigious_a quantity_n in_o the_o neisslish_a sea_n and_o some_o other_o water_n other_o commodity_n of_o the_o land_n be_v mad_a â—â—moâ—â—ies_n â—â—moâ—â—ies_n flax_n sweet_a cane_n or_o galengal_n wine_n especial_o in_o the_o dukedom_n of_o sagan_n and_o crossen_n silver_n copper_n lead_v iron_n and_o chalk_n they_o have_v plenty_n of_o saltpetre_n and_o some_o good_a salt_n though_o not_o so_o much_o as_o to_o be_v sufficient_a for_o their_o own_o use_n so_o that_o daily_o great_a quantity_n of_o this_o commodity_n be_v bring_v in_o from_o poland_n and_o other_o neighbour_a country_n they_o have_v all_o the_o sort_n of_o wild_a and_o tame_a beast_n that_o any_o other_o part_n of_o the_o german_a empire_n afford_v butter_n cheese_n particular_o a_o kind_n of_o pitiful_a stuff_n make_v of_o ewe_n milk_n bacon_n honey_n etc._n etc._n but_o the_o great_a trade_v commodity_n they_o have_v be_v wool_n and_o flax._n silesia_n have_v breed_v several_a good_a scholar_n and_o brisk_a wit_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n â—â—abiâ—â—ts_n though_o the_o ordinary_a rustic_n be_v look_v upon_o as_o a_o people_n of_o a_o shallow_a understanding_n and_o small_a sense_n they_o be_v common_o in_o way_n of_o derision_n style_v by_o their_o neighbour_n nation_n eselsfresser_n or_o ass-eater_n the_o occasion_n of_o which_o nickname_n some_o say_v be_v this_o a_o blunt_a country_n rustic_a travel_v from_o near_a breslaw_n into_o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n '_o spy_v in_o a_o field_n a_o ass_n feed_v which_o the_o poor_a fellow_n have_v never_o before_o see_v the_o like_a creature_n mistake_v unhappy_o for_o a_o overgrow_a hare_n whereupon_o discharge_v his_o blunderbuss_n he_o shoot_v the_o strange_a beast_n and_o bring_v it_o home_o to_o his_o friend_n and_o acquaintance_n who_o be_v a_o pack_n of_o bumpkin_n of_o no_o long_a head_n than_o himself_o roast_a and_o eat_v up_o the_o outlandish_a puss_n this_o be_v the_o relation_n which_o the_o common_a people_n of_o silesia_n give_v of_o their_o title_n another_o story_n be_v that_o the_o miner_n at_o reichenstein_n not_o far_o from_o glatz_n have_v discover_v a_o vein_n of_o gold-ore_n which_o they_o name_v der_fw-mi guldener_n esel_n lay_v at_o it_o continual_o be_v resolve_v that_o no_o stranger_n or_o foreigner_n shall_v share_v with_o they_o in_o the_o treasure_n and_o hence_o they_o get_v the_o name_n of_o ass-eater_n from_o stuff_v their_o purse_n and_o not_o their_o carcase_n but_o this_o late_a narrative_a may_n possible_o have_v be_v contrive_v by_o some_o of_o the_o silesian_n wit_n who_o by_o this_o mean_n be_v in_o hope_n to_o wear_v off_o the_o disgrace_n and_o ignominy_n of_o the_o former_a some_o of_o they_o like_o the_o boar_n of_o italy_n and_o bohemia_n have_v a_o custom_n of_o reckon_v the_o hour_n of_o the_o day_n from_o the_o snnset_a but_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n observe_v that_o method_n the_o lieutenantship_n of_o silesia_n be_v for_o some_o time_n commit_v to_o mathias_n corvinus_n king_n of_o hungary_n but_o afterward_o be_v confer_v upon_o the_o bishop_n of_o breslaw_n until_o the_o emperor_n rudolf_n ii_o decree_v that_o this_o charge_n shall_v be_v commit_v to_o some_o of_o the_o temporal_a prince_n of_o that_o nation_n who_o be_v to_o be_v nominate_v as_o well_o as_o the_o subordinate_a lieutenant_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a dukedom_n or_o county_n by_o the_o council_n chamber_n at_o prague_n to_o who_o be_v also_o commit_v at_o the_o the_o same_o time_n the_o supreme_a inspection_n into_o all_o lawcase_n and_o the_o different_a administration_n of_o justice_n in_o all_o court_n of_o judicature_n in_o each_o particular_a province_n christianity_n be_v first_o plant_v in_o poland_n and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o silesia_n religion_n religion_n which_o be_v then_o a_o part_n of_o that_o great_a dukedom_n about_o the_o late_a end_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o beginning_n of_o the_o ten_o century_n in_o the_o infancy_n of_o religion_n in_o these_o part_n the_o polander_n and_o silesian_n be_v wont_a to_o assemble_v themselves_o in_o wood_n and_o other_o desert_n place_n of_o the_o land_n for_o fear_n of_o lay_v themselves_o too_o open_a to_o the_o cruelty_n of_o their_o magistrate_n who_o be_v man_n of_o another_o persuasion_n but_o at_o last_o christianity_n be_v admit_v to_o court_n for_o mieceslaus_n duke_n of_o poland_n have_v marry_v drambronica_n daughter_n of_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o bohemia_n a_o christian_n be_v himself_o baptize_v at_o gnesna_n in_o the_o year_n 965._o whereupon_o he_o cause_v nine_o bishopric_n to_o be_v erect_v in_o his_o dominion_n among_o which_o one_o be_v found_v at_o schmogra_fw-la in_o silesia_n which_o be_v afterward_o remove_v to_o bitschen_n and_o at_o length_n fix_v at_o breslaw_n soon_o after_o the_o reformation_n begin_v by_o luther_n the_o augsburg_n confession_n be_v bring_v hither_o and_o at_o last_o confirm_v by_o the_o emperor_n rudolph_n ii_o in_o the_o year_n 1609._o but_o ferdinand_n ii_o ah_o bloody_a persecutor_n of_o the_o protestant_n repeal_v that_o charter_n allow_v the_o public_a profession_n of_o the_o lutheran_n religion_n to_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n and_o some_o few_o town_n more_o and_o that_o too_o with_o several_a limitation_n and_o restriction_n however_o that_o emperor_n be_v sensible_a before_o his_o death_n how_o vain_a it_o be_v to_o endeavour_v the_o extirpation_n of_o protestant_n and_o the_o whole_a empire_n some_o year_n after_o groan_v under_o the_o dismal_a effect_n of_o his_o misguide_a zeal_n for_o the_o church_n of_o rome_n the_o silesian_n be_v at_o this_o day_n general_o lutheran_n only_o some_o few_o of_o the_o nobility_n with_o their_o dependent_n adhere_v still_o to_o the_o superstition_n and_o foppery_n of_o the_o romanist_n we_o have_v hitherto_o give_v the_o reader_n a_o general_a account_n of_o the_o vast_a dukedom_n of_o silesia_n and_o proceed_v in_o the_o next_o place_n to_o a_o more_o particular_a survey_n of_o the_o several_a petty_a province_n which_o make_v up_o this_o large_a territory_n begin_v with_o i._o the_o dukedom_n of_o crossen_n in_o the_o time_n that_o the_o silesian_n prince_n be_v dukedom_n dukedom_n by_o the_o subtlety_n of_o john_n king_n of_o bohemia_n set_v at_o variance_n and_o enmity_n among_o themselves_o of_o which_o stratagem_n we_o have_v already_o take_v notice_n this_o dukedom_n be_v first_o separate_v from_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o great_a duke_n of_o silesia_n dominion_n for_o in_o the_o year_n 1272_o the_o city_n of_o crossen_n be_v pawn_v to_o the_o archbishop_n of_o magdeburg_n but_o redeem_v within_o two_o year_n after_o by_o henry_n duke_n of_o breslaw_n four_o year_n after_o this_o the_o citizen_n of_o breslaw_n pawn_v it_o a_o second_o time_n to_o john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n for_o four_o thousand_o crown_n towards_o the_o ransom_n of_o their_o duke_n but_o with_o this_o proviso_n that_o the_o marquis_n shall_v not_o give_v assistance_n to_o boleslaus_n duke_n of_o lignitz_n in_o his_o war_n against_o their_o city_n not_o long_o after_o crossen_n be_v again_o redeem_v out_o of_o the_o marquise_n hand_n but_o john_n the_o great_a common_o know_v by_o the_o name_n of_o cicero_n germanicus_n get_v possession_n of_o it_o a_o second_o time_n in_o lieu_n of_o fifty_o thousand_o ducat_n owe_v he_o for_o his_o wife_n portion_n again_o john_n duke_n of_o sagan_n deliver_v up_o this_o dukedom_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o john_n the_o three_o elector_n of_o brandenburg_n with_o the_o consent_n of_o vladislaus_n king_n of_o hungary_n and_o bohemia_n in_o the_o year_n 1391._o last_o joachim_n ii_o and_o his_o brother_n john_n marquis_n of_o brandenburg_n have_v the_o sole_a and_o entire_a possession_n of_o this_o dukedom_n grant_v they_o by_o the_o emperor_n ferdinand_n the_o first_o king_n of_o bohemia_n since_o which_o time_n the_o elector_n have_v always_o enjoy_v it_o and_o style_v themselves_o duke_n of_o crossen_n in_o silesia_n crossen_n city_n city_n in_o the_o language_n of_o some_o of_o the_o native_n of_o this_o country_n signify_v the_o outmost_a seam_n or_o selvidge_n