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A06425 The beginning, continuance, and decay of estates vvherein are handled many notable questions concerning the establishment of empires and monarchies. Written in French by R. de Lusing, L. of Alymes: and translated into English by I.F.; De la naissance, durée et cheute des estats. English Lucinge, René de, sieur des Alymes, 1553-ca. 1615.; Finet, John, Sir, 1571-1641. 1606 (1606) STC 16897; ESTC S107708 113,193 176

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meanes whereby he may be inwardly weakened and whether by the infirmities which are begotten in other estates that of the Ottomans may be likewise distempered and corrupted of the inward causes of this corruption some concerne the Heads and Ministers others are deriued from among the people I will then produce some few examples noting the errors of such as sway a Soueraigne authority and so orderly come to the other to collect thence what may serue to procure the Turkes ruine 2 That which would fall most to our purpose would be if the great Turke should die without heires of the true line and race of Ottoman For in such a case it is likely the Beglerbyes Vizirs Bassas Sangiacks and the greatest personages of the Turkish nation would each one for himselfe indeauour to possesse himselfe of whatsoeuer he could most easily compasse 3 The second cause would be if in regard of his cruelty or negligence the Prince should giue his subiects occasion to hate and contemne him but the mischiefe would proue yet greater if it did arise from the cowardlinesse or sloath of the Prince For his strength consisting wholly in the great numbers of his souldiours ordinarily intertained how could he possibly containe such mighty armies in deuotion and quietnesse if he did not daily busie them in the exercise of war And lesse how could so many nations be held within compasse of feare and obedience without the feare of ordinary armes It is not to be doubted then if they had a Prince who were giuen ouer to idlenesse and a loose life or that they discried him to be a coward slothfull but they would be forward to draw their swords against him and thence worke their owne destruction Baiazet the second had proofe of this for abandoning himselfe to all pleasures and resoluing vpon a priuat and retired course of life to spend his time in reading good authors his sonne sought his destruction and in the end fauored by the Ianizzars depriued him of his life and kingdome For though Baiazet repressed the first violence of his sonnes ambition yet he was at the last forced by the Ianizzars not only to pardon his rebellion but also to send him with an army against his other sonne Accomat who supposing his father ment to prefer Selim before himselfe who was the elder caused the noses and eares of his fathers messengers most shamefully to be cut off the enormity of this fact ill digested and worse interpreted was that which cancelled the greater faults of Selim to take vengeance of this last lesse outrage whence it came to passe in the end that these same Ianizzars possest Selim of the empire who soone after put to death his vnhappy father Amurath the third now raigning hauing withdrawne himselfe from the actions of war to liue in ease and quiet hath lost much of his souldiours and seruants ancient obedience zeale and obseruance such as they were wont to carry towards their Soueraignes greatnesse The Bassa of Cairo who had the gouernment of Aegypt named Ragusei being summoned according to their Emperious custome to make his appearance at the port flatly refused to come thither and made his escape with a world of treasure which he had amassed by extorsions and pilling of the people during the time of his administration The Ianizzars which were at those times appointed for the wars of Persia would not once moue a foote to march thitherward but as halfe in a mutiny said plainly they would not any more go vpon any enterprise vnlesse the great Turke their Lord would vnchamber himselfe from among his concubines and vndertake the voyage himselfe in person so as he was constrained by vertue of giftes and increase of pay to win them to the war Moreouer of late after the ouerthrow of Tauris the Turke hauing appointed a new generall for the succoring of his vanquished army and reenforcing of such as remained within the cittadell all the commandements he could lay vpon him could not preuaile so much with him as to get him to march forward rather he grew to capitulate with him and that finished he made the most adoe in the world to muster vp twenty thousand men who refused likewise to goe to that war otherwise then vpon all the aduantages they could deuise to demand not like subiects and slaues but as if they had beene neighbours allies and confederates These breaches already made in the obedience they were wont to render thir lord and Master may perswade vs that they will easily rebell vpon the first occasion that shall present it selfe without respect of their Princes greatnesse or obseruation of their ancient military policy 4 The third occasion might befall if there were many brethren to debate the Empire after the death of their father as it hapned between Zizimus and Baiazet sonnes of Mahomet and betwene Acomat and Selim sonnes of Baiazet This Baiazet was fauoured of the Ianizzars against his brother Zizimus was vpheld onely by the aid of the Soldan of Cairo and King of Persia Selim likewise was borne by the Ianizzars and Bassas and Acom●nt by forraine Princes they incountred and fought cruel battailes whose victories brought the whole Estate in danger Baiazet and Selim remained conquerours each one his party by meanes of the great numbers of men that accompanied them and of the valour of the souldiours of the old bandes which serued vnder them Notwithstanding all these opportunities which God so to the purpose prepared not one Christian Prince once stirred or so much as made offer to arme in fauour of the weaker of those which contended which would no doubt haue entangled both of them in a long and dangerous strife enough finally to haue ruined or much decaied the house of the Ottomans when they should haue called such an one to their succour as would haue rather blowen then quenched their fires Amongst all the Princes of Christendome there was none but the great master of Rhodes which sent some supplies of artillery to Zizimus and which after receiued and defended him from the hands of Baiazet when he was driuen to retire himselfe to his protection 5 These domestique quarrels cannot now become so strong especially such as might happen betweene brethren as then they might considering that the Mamelucks who as neighbours might haue fomented and giuen intertainment to such differences are now extinct and their name no more mentioned They were in their time the only emulators of the Turkes glory Rhodes hath made an exchange of her fortune and is now in the power of this tyrant Cypres beareth the like yoake These two Ilands affoorded an especial commodity to sow dissentions among the Turks to fauour and succour one of the parties 6 The fourth cause would easily arise from the presumption and head-strong rashnesse of the Ianizzars likely enough to attempt and execute as much as sometime did the Pretorian bands of the Romans who made slender account to fill the Empire with slaughters
diminution of the subiects obseruance 2 From whence the authoritie of the Nobilitie doth proceed 3 The detestable crueltie of the Turkish Emperour against the next of his bloud 4 Vsage of great men taken by the Turkes 5 The vncertaine fortune and estate of the Turkes officers 1 TO the end the dependencie and authoritie whereof wee haue hitherto entreated be without alteration maintained it is requisite that the Prince haue a care that there be none in his countrey who for their greatnesse may incourage the people and embolden them to attempt ought backt by their authoritie countenance and conduct 2 This greatnesse may grow from three principall causes either in regard they are Princes of the bloud or for that they are noted to be nobly descended and rich or else for the reputation they haue gotten and a long while preserued either by cunning or by their owne valour and merit things that winne credit and name amongst the common people Concerning the first cause the children brethren and kinsmen of the Turke are great by consanguinitie The Barons of the country obtaine the second ranke whereto the noblenesse of their family calleth them for the third such ministers and officers as beare a stroake and swaie in matters of the highest consequence are accounted great 3 The Ottaman Princes of nature barbarous and cruell ordinarily shelter themselues from these inconueniences with courses far from all humanity in as much as without all respect of Law religion or other ciuill consideration they vpon the least scruple that may be ridde their hands by execrable murthers of their neerest kinsfolkes and friends yea euen of their fathers and brethren alone to inioy and by their death to assure to themselues the quiet possession of their kingdome Selim the first murthered two of his brethren procured the death of all his nephewes yea and of his father also He would often say that there was nothing more sweet then to raigne out of the suspition and shadow of his kindred and that he deserued pardon for what he had committed since it was the same play and vsage he should haue receiued if any other but himselfe had attained to the crowne Amurath the third which now raigneth made his entry by the death of his brother and searched the establishing of his Empire euen in the belly of his mother then great with childe making for this end one end of her what she went withall these cruelties are monstrous in the sight of God and man and full of horror and infamie yet hath it not beene knowen for all this that euer any citie any people or armie did reuolt or mutine This inhumanitie is amongst them growne to that lawfull and ordinarie consequence as they vsually put it in practise without feare of blame or reproch The examples thereof are as infinite as their memories stinking and abhominable In a word this butchering is amongst them an hereditary succession descending from one to another which God would reuenge with our hands if we would amend our liues 4 As for the Barons and Lords of the countrey Mahomet the first destroied their seed expelling them out of his estate as he did all the originarie Turkish Princes his allies and if by chance there remaine any of the Ottoman race he is so kept downe as he traileth as they say his belly vpon the ground liuing most poorely without all charge and manage of affaires so as neither valour nor riches can make him appeere or shine in the worlds eie rather he remaineth eclipsed amongst the vulgar sort without honour credit or estimation As for the Princes and mightie men of the countrey by them subdued they know well enough how to ridde their hands of them in sort as we haue before declared so as neuer Empire was raised or maintained with more execrable murthers then this hath beene in these daies they neither sparing Princes of their bloud nor the chiefe Potentates of their prouinces for they blinde them if not kill them 5 Now concerning the ministers and officers who by long managing of waightie affaires haue attained to Honorable places authority and reputation there is not one be hee neuer so great which at the least winke wrath and pleasure of his Lord loseth not his life immediatly Baiazet caused Acomat Bassa to be put to death an excellent man of armes and a woorthy Captaine saying the too much reputation of the seruant was a cause of the too great ielousie of the master Selim likewise put many to death and amongst others Mustafa Bassa whom he caused to be strangled at Prusa and after to be cast out to the dogs This was his recompence for fauoring him in the vsurpation of the Empire against Baiazet his father then liuing and for making riddance of his two brethren Acomat and Corcut. He suspected it was he that had reuealed his secret as indeed he had to Aladin and Amarath children of his brother Acomat because contrary to his expectation he sought their death It is in a manner an ordinary course with Princes that one light offence obscureth and maketh them forget a thousand good seruices performed for the good of their affaires For my part I am of opinion that this rage and inhumane cruelty familiar with the house of the Ottomans is but a true and iust iudgment of God who will by their parricid handes chastice the Apostasies and wickednesse of one by another considering the greater part of them are Christians who haue denied their faith and by that miserable act climed vp to the height of those eminent charges and dignities they possesse As not long since his diuine Maiestie permitted a poore simple souldiour to kill Mahomet Bassa a man most mighty in credit and authority but more rich of power and meanes yet such a one as had beene a Christian and had taken vpon him the orders of Priesthood CHAP. VII How he confoundeth the practises of forraine Princes his neighbours 1 The diuorce of the Greeke church from the Romish confirmeth the Turkish Empire 2 What were requisite to stir vp the Turkish subiects to rebellion 3 The Greekes vtterly destitute of meanes for such proceedings 4 His owne subiects throughly curbed 1 ONe of the most assured meanes practised by the Turke as an infallible course of setling his estate against the intelligence which his people might hold with Christian princes is the diuorce separation he maintaineth betweene the Greeke the Romish church supposing while this schisme shall continue amongst them that they will neuer establish betweene them a sound amity This made the conquest of Constantinople easie vnto them this hath forwarded the proceeding of his victories and as it were put into his hands all those rich and goodly Prouinces whereof he is at this day the peaceable but Tyrannicall owner moreouer he so narrowly obserueth our vnhappie discord as he by a perpetuall counsaill endeuoureth all he can possibly that the Patriarkes render no obedience to the Pope neither is it