Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	bring_v	die_v	sin_n	9,905	5	5.1845	4	true

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A08062	The nature of man A learned and usefull tract written in Greek by Nemesius, surnamed the philosopher; sometime Bishop of a city in Phœnicia, and one of the most ancient Fathers of the Church. Englished, and divided into sections, with briefs of their principall contents: by Geo: Wither.; On the nature of man. English	Nemesius, Bp. of Emesa.; Wither, George, 1588-1667.	1636 (1636)	STC 18427; ESTC S113134	135,198	716

soul_n from_o body_n to_o body_n as_o also_o by_o the_o place_n which_o they_o affirm_v to_o be_v allot_v out_o unto_o the_o soul_n depart_v according_a to_o their_o good_a or_o evil_a course_n in_o this_o life_n and_o by_o those_o punishment_n wherewith_o soul_n be_v as_o they_o hold_v punish_v by_o themselves_o for_o the_o offence_n they_o have_v commit_v for_o these_o thing_n although_o they_o be_v erroneous_a in_o other_o circumstance_n and_o respect_n yet_o in_o this_o they_o be_v true_a and_o their_o author_n do_v all_o agree_v therein_o that_o the_o soul_n remain_v after_o this_o life_n and_o shall_v come_v to_o judgement_n but_o if_o we_o can_v attain_v unto_o the_o reason_n of_o that_o governance_n which_o providence_n have_v over_o particular_a thing_n which_o indeed_o we_o can_v as_o be_v employ_v by_o this_o text_n how_o unsearchable_a be_v thy_o judgement_n and_o thy_o way_n past_o find_v out_o let_v we_o not_o thereupon_o conclude_v there_o be_v no_o such_o providence_n for_o no_o man_n ought_v to_o affirm_v there_o be_v neither_o sea_n not_o sand_n because_o he_o be_v ignorant_a of_o the_o limit_n of_o the_o sea_n and_o of_o the_o number_n of_o the_o sand_n see_v by_o the_o same_o rule_n they_o may_v aswell_o say_v that_o there_o be_v neither_o man_n nor_o any_o other_o living-creature_n because_o they_o know_v not_o the_o number_n either_o of_o the_o man_n or_o of_o the_o living-creature_n particular_a thing_n be_v to_o we_o infinite_a thing_n which_o be_v unto_o we_o infinite_a and_o also_o unknown_a unto_o we_o and_o therefore_o though_o universall_n may_v be_v oftentimes_o comprehend_v by_o our_o understanding_n yet_o individuall_n be_v not_o possible_o comprehensible_a thereby_o there_o be_v in_o every_o man_n a_o double_a difference_n one_o in_o respect_n of_o other_o man_n and_o another_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o yea_o there_o be_v in_o every_o man_n great_a difference_n and_o alteration_n even_o in_o respect_n of_o himself_o every_o day_n as_o in_o the_o manner_n of_o his_o life_n in_o his_o action_n or_o affair_n in_o his_o necessity_n in_o his_o desire_n and_o in_o all_o thing_n which_o do_v happen_v or_o pertain_v unto_o he_o it_o be_v not_o much_o otherwise_o with_o a_o irrationall-creature_n for_o according_a to_o the_o manifold_a necessity_n and_o occasion_n thereof_o it_o be_v very_o speedy_o carry_v hither_o and_o thither_o and_o soon_o alter_v again_o as_o other_o opportunity_n require_v these_o thing_n consider_v that_o providence_n which_o be_v able_a to_o keep_v a_o continual_a course_n with_o every_o one_o of_o those_o infinite_a and_o incomprehensible_a particular_n which_o be_v so_o differ_v also_o so_o changeable_a and_o of_o so_o many_o fashion_n must_v needs_o be_v such_o a_o providence_n as_o be_v agreeable_a to_o all_o and_o every_o one_o of_o those_o individuall_n and_o extend_v more_o infinite_o than_o those_o thing_n be_v whereunto_o it_o shall_v reach_v and_o if_o this_o providence_n must_v be_v so_o fit_a and_o so_o infinite_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o infinite_a difference_n of_o individuall_n no_o doubt_n but_o the_o reason_n and_o method_n of_o this_o providence_n be_v as_o infinite_a and_o if_o it_o be_v infinite_a it_o can_v possible_o be_v comprehend_v by_o we_o and_o it_o become_v not_o we_o to_o deny_v that_o gracious_a providence_n which_o govern_v all_o thing_n because_o our_o ignorance_n be_v unable_a to_o comprehend_v it_o for_o those_o thing_n which_o we_o suppose_v to_o be_v amiss_o be_v know_v well_o enough_o unto_o the_o wisdom_n of_o the_o creator_n to_o be_v well_o order_v because_o we_o be_v ignorant_a of_o their_o occasion_n we_o causeless_o judge_v many_o thing_n to_o be_v imprudent_o do_v and_o that_o which_o chance_v unto_o we_o in_o other_o thing_n by_o reason_n of_o our_o ignorance_n fall_v out_o also_o in_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n for_o we_o do_v after_o the_o same_o sort_n conceive_v of_o those_o thing_n which_o belong_v to_o providence_n receive_v by_o obscure_a likelihood_n and_o by_o conjecture_n certain_a form_n or_o shadow_n of_o the_o work_v thereof_o by_o such_o thing_n as_o we_o have_v see_v we_o say_v therefore_o that_o some_o thing_n be_v do_v by_o god_n permission_n and_o this_o permission_n be_v of_o many_o sort_n for_o he_o sometime_o permit_v that_o even_o the_o just_a man_n shall_v fall_v into_o misery_n to_o declare_v unto_o other_o that_o virtue_n which_o be_v conceal_v as_o in_o job._n he_o do_v also_o permit_v some_o absurd_a thing_n that_o by_o the_o act_n which_o appear_v to_o be_v absurd_a some_o great_a and_o wonderful_a matter_n may_v be_v bring_v to_o pass_v as_o the_o salvation_n of_o man_n by_o the_o cross_n he_o permit_v likewise_o the_o bless_a saint_n to_o be_v afflict_v for_o another_o end_n as_o that_o they_o may_v not_o fall_v from_o a_o sincere_a conscience_n and_o that_o the_o loftiness_n of_o the_o mind_n may_v be_v abate_v as_o when_o saint_n t._n paul_n be_v buffet_v by_o satan_n sometime_o also_o one_o man_n be_v reject_v and_o leave_v as_o desolate_a for_o a_o time_n that_o other_o consider_v his_o case_n may_v be_v instruct_v and_o amend_v thereby_o as_o in_o the_o example_n of_o lazarus_n and_o the_o rich_a man_n for_o when_o we_o see_v any_o man_n afflict_v our_o heart_n be_v natural_o touch_v therewith_o according_a as_o menander_n have_v very_o well_o express_v by_o see_v other_o feel_v the_o rod_n we_o tremble_v with_o a_o fear_n of_o god._n otherwhile_o again_o one_o man_n be_v afflict_v for_o the_o glory_n of_o another_o and_o neither_o for_o his_o own_o sin_n nor_o the_o sin_n of_o his_o parent_n as_o he_o that_o be_v blind_a from_o his_o birth_n for_o the_o glorify_v of_o the_o son_n of_o man_n it_o be_v permit_v also_o that_o some_o shall_v be_v persecute_v to_o be_v a_o pattern_n of_o constancy_n unto_o other_o and_o that_o when_o their_o glory_n be_v exalt_v other_o may_v be_v encourage_v to_o suffer_v in_o the_o like_a case_n in_o hope_n of_o the_o glory_n to_o come_v and_o for_o the_o blessedness_n which_o be_v expect_v after_o this_o life_n as_o in_o the_o martyr_n and_o in_o those_o who_o have_v yield_v up_o their_o life_n for_o their_o country_n for_o their_o kindred_n or_o for_o their_o master_n sect_n 5._o i._o one_o may_v otherwhile_o be_v afflict_v for_o the_o good_a of_o another_o without_o infringe_v the_o justice_n of_o divine_a providence_n why_o holy_a man_n suffer_v bitter_a death_n and_o persecution_n ii_o death_n or_o suffering_n be_v no_o disadvantage_n to_o good_a man_n neither_o be_v the_o unlawful_a action_n of_o the_o wicked_a justifiable_a though_o providence_n convert_v they_o to_o good_a end_n now_o if_o any_o one_o think_v it_o against_o reason_n that_o one_o man_n shall_v be_v afflict_v for_o the_o amendment_n of_o another_o let_v he_o know_v that_o this_o life_n be_v not_o the_o perfection_n of_o man_n happiness_n but_o a_o place_n of_o wrestle_n and_o of_o strive_v for_o mastery_n in_o respect_n of_o virtue_n and_o the_o great_a the_o labour_n and_o suffering_n be_v the_o more_o glorious_a crown_n of_o glory_n shall_v be_v obtain_v because_o the_o recompense_n of_o reward_n be_v according_a to_o the_o measure_n of_o patience_n saint_n paul_n be_v content_v to_o undergo_v the_o manifold_a affliction_n and_o tribulation_n which_o he_o suffer_v that_o he_o may_v obtain_v the_o great_a and_o more_o perfect_a crown_n of_o a_o conqueror_n which_o he_o himself_o confess_v to_o be_v more_o than_o all_o our_o suffering_n can_v merit_v and_o therefore_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n be_v just_o and_o very_o decent_o perform_v a_o man_n may_v the_o better_o allow_v this_o to_o be_v so_o and_o conceive_v that_o god_n govern_v all_o thing_n so_o well_o and_o so_o fit_o that_o the_o nature_n of_o each_o thing_n can_v more_o desire_v if_o he_o do_v but_o propose_v unto_o himself_o the_o believe_a of_o these_o two_o thing_n which_o be_v general_o confess_v among_o man_n namely_o that_o god_n only_o be_v good_a and_o wise_a for_o in_o that_o he_o be_v good_a it_o be_v agreeable_a unto_o his_o goodness_n to_o employ_v his_o providence_n over_o all_o thing_n and_o in_o that_o he_o be_v wise_a he_o have_v a_o regard_n to_o perform_v they_o wise_o and_o exact_o because_o if_o he_o use_v not_o his_o providence_n he_o can_v not_o be_v good_a and_o if_o he_o do_v not_o use_v it_o well_o he_o can_v not_o be_v wise_a he_o therefore_o that_o give_v his_o mind_n to_o consider_v discreet_o of_o these_o matter_n will_v not_o misesteem_a of_o any_o thing_n which_o be_v wrought_v by_o divine_a providence_n neither_o speak_v evil_a thereof_o without_o due_a examination_n but_o rather_o accept_v of_o all_o thing_n as_o exceed_v well_o perform_v and_o marvel_v at_o their_o admirable_a decency_n and_o perfection_n though_o the_o ignorant_a multitude_n judge_v according_a to_o a_o false_a appearance_n for_o in_o conceive_v otherwise_o we_o bring_v upon_o our_o head_n beside_o the_o guilt_n of_o blasphemy_n great_a blame_n for_o our_o sottish_a presumption_n now_o in_o that_o we_o say_v all_o thing_n be_v do_v well_o we_o justify_v not_o the_o naughtiness_n of_o man_n or_o of_o such_o evil_a work_n as_o be_v in_o our_o power_n to_o do_v or_o leave_v undo_v but_o we_o speak_v it_o of_o the_o work_n of_o providence_n which_o be_v not_o in_o our_o power_n for_o if_o any_o man_n object_n and_o say_v how_o fall_v it_o out_o that_o holy_a man_n be_v put_v cruel_o to_o death_n without_o desert_n why_o if_o they_o be_v unjust_o condemn_v do_v not_o god_n just_a providence_n hinder_v those_o murder_n and_o if_o they_o deserve_v to_o be_v so_o put_v to_o death_n why_o be_v not_o they_o without_o blame_v who_o cause_v they_o to_o be_v slay_v to_o this_o we_o answer_v that_o the_o murderer_n of_o such_o man_n be_v injurious_a in_o slay_v they_o and_o that_o they_o which_o be_v so_o slay_v be_v slay_v either_o for_o their_o desert_n or_o their_o profit_n sometime_o deserve_o for_o evil_n commit_v by_o they_o in_o secret_a and_o sometime_o for_o their_o profit_n god_n providence_n thereby_o prevent_v either_o future_a sin_n or_o worse_a mischief_n to_o come_v and_o in_o those_o respect_n it_o be_v good_a for_o they_o that_o their_o life_n shall_v be_v shorten_v thus_o be_v it_o with_o socrates_n and_o the_o saint_n but_o they_o who_o slay_v these_o man_n do_v not_o slay_v they_o for_o any_o such_o cause_n neither_o be_v it_o lawful_o do_v but_o out_o of_o the_o corruption_n of_o their_o own_o mind_n and_o for_o gain_n and_o robbery_n for_o the_o act_n be_v in_o man_n power_n but_o what_o shall_v follow_v upon_o the_o act_n as_o whether_o we_o shall_v be_v slay_v or_o no_o be_v not_o as_o he_o will_v neither_o be_v any_o death_n evil_a except_o for_o sin_n only_o as_o be_v manifest_a by_o the_o death_n of_o the_o saint_n but_o wicked_a man_n although_o they_o die_v in_o their_o bed_n on_o a_o sudden_a and_o without_o pain_n do_v nevertheless_o die_v a_o evil_a death_n which_o bring_v they_o unto_o a_o evil_a burial_n i_o mean_v to_o be_v bury_v in_o their_o sin_n yet_o whosoever_o kill_v any_o man_n murtherous_o do_v wicked_o in_o so_o do_v if_o he_o kill_v any_o one_o for_o that_o which_o deserve_v death_n he_o be_v then_o to_o be_v account_v among_o hangman_n and_o executioner_n if_o it_o be_v for_o the_o gain_n of_o some_o profit_n by_o they_o that_o be_v slay_v he_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v among_o cruel_a and_o wicked_a murderer_n the_o like_a may_v be_v say_v of_o they_o who_o murder_n their_o enemy_n or_o oppress_v they_o by_o extreme_a servitude_n or_o use_v any_o manner_n of_o inhuman_a cruelty_n against_o they_o who_o they_o have_v overcome_v they_o also_o be_v as_o little_a to_o be_v justify_v who_o seek_v the_o enrich_n of_o themselves_o by_o extort_v other_o man_n good_n for_o though_o it_o may_v be_v expedient_a for_o those_o from_o who_o they_o be_v extort_a that_o they_o shall_v be_v deprive_v of_o they_o yet_o they_o which_o wrest_v away_o more_o than_o their_o own_o be_v unjust_a in_o so_o so_o do_v for_o they_o take_v they_o out_o of_o a_o covetous_a desire_n of_o those_o good_a and_o not_o for_o that_o it_o be_v expedient_a for_o they_o who_o they_o dispossess_v of_o such_o thing_n glory_n be_v to_o god_n finis_fw-la

into_o one_o and_o as_o it_o be_v to_o hold_v they_o fast_o unite_v and_o this_o we_o say_v be_v do_v by_o the_o soul_n now_o if_o the_o soul_n be_v corporeal_a let_v it_o be_v what_o body_n you_o please_v yea_o though_o it_o be_v a_o body_n consist_v of_o the_o most_o thin_a and_o subtle_a part_n what_o will_v you_o say_v hold_v that_o together_o as_o that_o knit_v the_o body_n in_o one_o for_o as_o we_o declare_v before_o every_o bodily_a thing_n have_v need_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n to_o fasten_v the_o part_n of_o it_o together_o yea_o the_o body_n of_o this_o soul_n that_o knit_v together_o our_o visible_a body_n if_o we_o shall_v grant_v the_o same_o to_o be_v a_o corporeal_a soul_n and_o the_o next_o to_o that_o also_o infinite_o it_o will_v still_o have_v need_n of_o some_o other_o thing_n to_o knit_v and_o fasten_v its_o own_o part_n together_o until_o a_o incorporeall-essence_n be_v find_v out_o if_o they_o answer_v as_o the_o stoic_n do_v that_o there_o be_v a_o certain_a motion_n pertain_v unto_o body_n extend_v both_o to_o the_o inward_a and_o outward_a part_n of_o the_o body_n that_o the_o motion_n tend_v outward_a effect_n the_o quantity_n and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o body_n and_o that_o the_o motion_n tend_v inward_a be_v cause_n both_o of_o unite_n the_o body_n and_o of_o the_o essence_n thereof_o we_o will_v then_o ask_v they_o see_v every_o motion_n do_v proceed_v from_o some_o power_n what_o kind_n of_o power_n it_o be_v which_o that_o motion_n have_v in_o what_o consist_v it_o and_o what_o give_v essence_n thereunto_o if_o this_o power_n be_v a_o certain_a matter_n which_o the_o greek_n call_v hylen_n we_o will_v use_v the_o same_o reason_n against_o they_o which_o we_o object_v before_o if_o they_o say_v it_o be_v not_o matter_n but_o a_o material_a thing_n for_o matter_n and_o material_a thing_n thus_o differ_v that_o which_o have_v matter_n in_o it_o be_v call_v a_o material_a thing_n we_o then_o ask_v they_o whether_o that_o which_o have_v matter_n in_o it_o be_v likewise_o matter_n or_o void_a of_o matter_n if_o they_o say_v it_o be_v matter_n we_o demand_v how_o it_o can_v be_v both_o material_a and_o matter_n if_o they_o answer_v that_o it_o be_v not_o matter_n than_o they_o must_v grant_v it_o to_o be_v void_a of_o matter_n and_o if_o it_o be_v void_a of_o matter_n we_o will_v easy_o prove_v it_o to_o be_v no_o body_n because_o every_o body_n have_v matter_n in_o it_o if_o they_o allege_v that_o body_n have_v the_o three_o dimension_n in_o they_o and_o that_o the_o soul_n extend_v itself_o through_o the_o whole_a body_n have_v in_o it_o also_o the_o three_o dimension_n and_o therefore_o must_v necessary_o be_v a_o body_n we_o will_v then_o thus_o answer_v they_o it_o be_v true_a that_o all_o body_n be_v have_v in_o they_o the_o three_o dimension_n but_o every_o thing_n have_v the_o three_o dimension_n be_v not_o a_o body_n for_o place_n and_o quality_n which_o in_o themselves_o have_v no_o body_n have_v accidental_o a_o quantity_n if_o they_o be_v in_o such_o thing_n as_o have_v magnitude_n in_o like_a manner_n the_o soul_n in_o respect_n of_o itself_o be_v utter_o void_a of_o the_o dimension_n but_o accidental_o it_o have_v dimension_n because_o the_o body_n in_o which_o it_o be_v have_v in_o it_o the_o three_o dimension_n we_o so_o conceive_v it_o together_o with_o the_o body_n as_o though_o the_o soul_n also_o have_v in_o it_o the_o three_o dimension_n we_o argue_v further_o and_o say_v thus_o every_o body_n have_v his_o motion_n either_o from_o without_o itself_o or_o from_o within_o if_o the_o motion_n be_v from_o without_o itself_o it_o must_v then_o be_v void_a of_o life_n if_o it_o be_v from_o within_o itself_o it_o must_v be_v endue_v with_o life_n now_o it_o be_v absurd_a to_o say_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v either_o endue_v with_o life_n or_o without_o life_n one_o of_o which_o must_v necessary_o be_v affirm_v if_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o corporeal_a substance_n therefore_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v a_o corporeal_a essence_n again_o the_o soul_n if_o it_o be_v nourish_v it_o be_v nourish_v by_o that_o which_o be_v void_a of_o body_n for_o knowledge_n be_v the_o nourishment_n thereof_o but_o no_o corporeal_a essence_n be_v nourish_v by_o thing_n bodiless_a therefore_o the_o soul_n can_v be_v a_o body_n xenocrates_n thus_o conclude_v this_o argument_n if_o say_v he_o the_o soul_n be_v not_o nourish_v it_o can_v be_v a_o corporeal-substance_n because_o the_o body_n of_o every_o living-creature_n must_v be_v nourish_v thus_o much_o in_o general_a in_o confutation_n of_o all_o those_o who_o general_o affirm_v that_o the_o soul_n be_v a_o bodily_a thing_n now_o we_o will_v treat_v particular_o against_o they_o who_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o soul_n be_v either_o blood_n or_o breath_n because_o when_o either_o blood_n or_o breath_n be_v take_v away_o the_o living-creature_n die_v we_o will_v not_o say_v as_o some_o well_o account_v of_o have_v write_v that_o part_n of_o the_o soul_n fall_v away_o when_o any_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n fail_v if_o the_o soul_n be_v the_o blood_n for_o that_o be_v but_o a_o slender_a answer_n in_o those_o thing_n which_o have_v every_o part_n of_o like_a nature_n with_o the_o whole_a the_o part_n remain_v be_v the_o same_o with_o the_o whole_a whether_o the_o water_n be_v much_o or_o little_a it_o be_v every_o way_n perfect_a water_n in_o like_a manner_n gold_n silver_z and_o every_o other_o thing_n who_o part_n do_v not_o essential_o differ_v from_o each_o other_o be_v still_o the_o same_o as_o be_v afore_o say_v and_o even_o so_o that_o part_n of_o blood_n which_o remain_v of_o what_o quantity_n soever_o may_v be_v call_v the_o soul_n aswell_o as_o the_o whole_a quantity_n if_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o soul_n we_o therefore_o will_v rather_o answer_v they_o thus_o if_o that_o be_v right_o account_v the_o soul_n upon_o who_o take_v away_o the_o death_n of_o the_o live_a creature_n ensue_v then_o shall_v it_o needs_o be_v that_o phlegm_n and_o the_o two_o choler_n be_v must_v be_v also_o the_o soul_n see_v if_o any_o one_o of_o these_o fail_v it_o bring_v the_o living-creature_n to_o his_o death_n the_o like_a fall_v out_o in_o the_o liver_n in_o the_o brain_n in_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o stomach_n the_o rein_n the_o entrail_n and_o in_o many_o other_o part_n whereof_o if_o you_o bereave_v a_o living-creature_n it_o will_v immediate_o perish_v moreover_o there_o be_v many_o thing_n without_o blood_n which_o have_v life_n in_o they_o nevertheless_o as_o some_o smooth_a and_o gristly_a fish_n some_o also_o of_o a_o soft_a kind_n to_o wit_n sepiae_fw-la teuthides_n and_o smyli_n as_o the_o greek_n call_v they_o and_o lobster_n crab_n oyster_n and_o all_o shellfish_n whether_o they_o have_v hard_a or_o soft_a shell_n now_o if_o these_o thing_n have_v a_o living-soule_n in_o they_o as_o we_o know_v they_o have_v and_o yet_o be_v void_a of_o blood_n than_o it_o plain_o follow_v that_o blood_n can_v be_v the_o soul_n against_o those_o who_o say_v that_o water_n be_v the_o soul_n many_o thing_n may_v be_v say_v to_o disprove_v their_o opinion_n though_o water_n help_v to_o quicken_v and_o nourish_v all_o thing_n and_o though_o it_o be_v as_o they_o say_v impossible_a to_o live_v without_o water_n we_o can_v live_v without_o nourishment_n and_o therefore_o if_o their_o assertion_n be_v true_a we_o may_v aswell_o affirm_v that_o all_o nourishment_n in_o general_a and_o every_o particular_a nourishment_n be_v the_o soul_n and_o whereas_o they_o have_v say_v that_o no_o living-creature_n can_v live_v without_o water_n we_o find_v the_o contrary_a to_o be_v probable_a for_o it_o be_v write_v of_o some_o aegle_n and_o of_o partridge_n that_o they_o live_v without_o drink_n and_o why_o shall_v water_n be_v the_o soul_n rather_o than_o air_n see_v it_o be_v possible_a to_o abstain_v from_o water_n very_o long_o whereas_o we_o can_v hardly_o live_v a_o moment_n without_o breathe_v the_o air_n and_o yet_o neither_o be_v aire_n the_o soul_n for_o there_o be_v many_o creature_n which_o live_v without_o breathe_v the_o air_n as_o all_o insectae_fw-la rivet_v creature_n such_o as_o bee_n wasp_n and_o ant_n as_o also_o all_o bloodless_a creature_n all_o those_o which_o live_v in_o the_o water_n and_o such_o as_o have_v no_o lung_n for_o none_o of_o those_o thing_n that_o be_v without_o lung_n can_v breathe_v air_n the_o proposition_n be_v true_a also_o if_o it_o be_v convert_v there_o be_v no_o creature_n have_v lung_n which_o do_v not_o breath_n air_n sect_n 2._o i._o the_o argument_n of_o cleanthes_n the_o stoic_a affirm_v the_o soul_n to_o be_v corporeal_a be_v here_o confute_v logical_o and_o by_o demonstration_n ii_o chrysippus_n intend_v to_o

with_o any_o violent_a motion_n and_o the_o flesh_n be_v make_v to_o be_v a_o cover_n to_o the_o other_o part_n that_o it_o may_v cool_v the_o living-creature_n in_o the_o summer_n by_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o morning_n dew_n thereunto_o and_o that_o it_o may_v in_o the_o winter_n be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o quilt_n of_o wool_n to_o the_o part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o skin_n be_v ordain_v as_o a_o cover_n both_o for_o the_o tender_a flesh_n and_o all_o those_o part_n that_o be_v inward_a the_o flesh_n be_v of_o a_o nature_n harden_v like_o a_o scar_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o air_n which_o compass_v it_o about_o and_o by_o mean_n of_o those_o other_o body_n wherewithal_o it_o be_v conversant_a the_o bone_n be_v a_o undersetting_n to_o the_o whole_a body_n and_o especial_o the_o chine_n of_o the_o back_n which_o be_v term_v the_o foundation_n of_o a_o live_a creature_n the_o nail_n be_v most_o common_o use_v to_o scratch_v withal_o by_o every_o living-creature_n which_o have_v nail_n and_o they_o be_v also_o for_o sundry_a particular_a use_n to_o divers_a living-creature_n for_o they_o be_v give_v to_o many_o for_o a_o defence_n as_o to_o those_o which_o have_v crooked_a talon_n and_o they_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o instrument_n to_o execute_v anger_n many_o have_v they_o both_o for_o a_o weapon_n of_o defence_n and_o also_o for_o a_o strengthen_n to_o their_o foot_n as_o horse_n and_o all_o such_o as_o divide_v not_o the_o hoof_n but_o nail_n be_v bestow_v on_o man_n not_o only_o to_o scratch_v themselves_o withal_o and_o that_o they_o may_v by_o so_o do_v disperse_v the_o sharp_a moisture_n which_o be_v under_o the_o skin_n but_o that_o they_o may_v also_o take_v the_o firm_a hold_n of_o small_a thing_n for_o by_o help_n of_o they_o a_o very_a small_a thing_n may_v be_v take_v up_o because_o their_o meeting_n one_o against_o another_o at_o the_o very_a end_n of_o the_o finger_n enable_v to_o the_o take_n of_o firm_a hold_n the_o hair_n grow_v out_o accidental_o with_o other_o thing_n by_o the_o meeting_n together_o of_o such_o fumy_a vapour_n as_o ascend_v out_o of_o the_o body_n and_o yet_o the_o creator_n make_v not_o their_o accidental_a generation_n without_o some_o profitable_a use_n for_o they_o serve_v both_o to_o cover_v and_o beautify_v living-creature_n they_o be_v a_o cover_n for_o goat_n and_o sheep_n they_o be_v a_o ornament_n unto_o man_n and_o they_o be_v both_o a_o cover_n and_o a_o ornament_n to_o lion_n cap._n 29._o i._o of_o thing_n do_v voluntary_o and_o against_o our_o will_n ii_o of_o the_o definition_n of_o a_o action_n and_o of_o the_o circumstance_n which_o accompany_v and_o follow_v a_o action_n iii_o of_o the_o mark_n both_o of_o a_o voluntary_a and_o involuntary_a action_n i_o have_v often_o make_v mention_n of_o thing_n do_v voluntary_o and_o by_o constraint_n of_o which_o somewhat_o must_v be_v now_o express_v lest_o error_n may_v be_v occasion_v through_o want_n of_o a_o exact_a knowledge_n of_o these_o but_o he_o that_o undertake_v to_o discourse_v of_o thing_n do_v voluntary_o and_o against_o our_o will_n must_v in_o the_o first_o place_n set_v down_o some_o assure_a rule_n and_o certain_a token_n whereby_o it_o may_v be_v well_o discern_v whether_o the_o thing_n do_v be_v unquestionable_o voluntary_a or_o against_o our_o will_n see_v therefore_o that_o every_o voluntary_a thing_n consist_v in_o some_o action_n see_v moreover_o that_o all_o those_o thing_n which_o be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n consist_v in_o action_n also_o as_o shall_v be_v anon_o declare_v and_o see_v likewise_o some_o think_v that_o the_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n consist_v both_o in_o action_n &_o passion_n we_o will_v before_o we_o proceed_v further_a define_v what_o a_o action_n be_v a_o action_n be_v the_o actual_a do_v of_o any_o thing_n with_o the_o use_n of_o reason_n after_o all_o action_n there_o follow_v either_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v some_o action_n be_v exercise_v with_o pleasure_n and_o some_o with_o grief_n some_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o doer_n and_o some_o be_v to_o be_v avoid_v of_o they_o which_o be_v to_o be_v choose_v some_o be_v at_o all_o time_n to_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o some_o at_o one_o time_n rather_o than_o at_o another_o the_o same_o circumstance_n be_v considerable_a in_o such_o action_n as_o be_v to_o be_v eschew_v also_o and_o this_o moreover_o be_v observable_a that_o some_o action_n be_v pity_v some_o pardon_v some_o hate_a and_o some_o punish_v now_o then_o let_v these_o be_v the_o mark_n to_o discern_v the_o thing_n which_o be_v willing_o do_v namely_o that_o praise_n or_o dispraise_v always_o follow_v they_o that_o they_o be_v do_v with_o pleasure_n and_o that_o the_o action_n be_v to_o be_v choose_v by_o the_o doer_n of_o they_o either_o at_o all_o time_n or_o at_o those_o time_n in_o which_o they_o be_v do_v the_o note_n of_o involuntary_a action_n be_v these_o they_o be_v vouchsafe_v pardon_n or_o they_o be_v pity_v or_o they_o be_v do_v with_o grief_n and_o they_o be_v not_o do_v by_o our_o own_o choice_n these_o thing_n be_v thus_o define_v and_o order_v we_o will_v first_o speak_v of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n cap._n 30._o i._o the_o definition_n of_o a_o involuntary_a act_n ii_o the_o solution_n of_o certain_a question_n concern_v mix_v action_n and_o a_o advise_v what_o be_v to_o be_v do_v when_o we_o know_v not_o what_o action_n to_o choose_v iii_o thing_n do_v by_o inconstancy_n by_o intemperancy_n or_o anger_n be_v not_o to_o be_v repute_v thing_n do_v against_o our_o will_n such_o thing_n as_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n be_v either_o do_v by_o constraint_n or_o of_o ignorance_n the_o beginning_n of_o those_o action_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n by_o force_n be_v without_o ourselves_o that_o be_v some_o other_o thing_n and_o not_o we_o ourselves_o be_v the_o cause_n thereof_o and_o therefore_o this_o be_v the_o definition_n of_o that_o thing_n which_o be_v do_v against_o our_o will_n by_o force_n it_o be_v a_o action_n not_o have_v the_o beginning_n thereof_o in_o he_o which_o do_v it_o and_o he_o which_o be_v force_v thereunto_o do_v nothing_o to_o further_a the_o same_o of_o his_o own_o will_n we_o mean_v in_o this_o place_n by_o the_o beginning_n the_o cause-effecting_a the_o thing_n do_v hereupon_o it_o may_v be_v question_v when_o shipman_n cast_v their_o lade_n into_o the_o sea_n when_o they_o be_v endanger_v by_o a_o tempest_n or_o when_o a_o man_n be_v content_v to_o suffer_v or_o do_v some_o dishonest_a thing_n to_o save_v his_o friend_n or_o his_o country_n whether_o these_o action_n may_v be_v say_v to_o be_v do_v against_o their_o will_n or_o no._n and_o according_a to_o this_o clause_n add_v to_o the_o definition_n he_o that_o be_v force_v do_v nothing_o to_o further_a the_o matter_n of_o his_o own_o will_n these_o action_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v voluntary_a because_o to_o the_o execute_n of_o such_o thing_n the_o actor_n do_v of_o themselves_o move_v their_o instrumental_a part_n even_o of_o their_o own_o accord_n such_o be_v their_o case_n who_o cast_v their_o lade_n into_o the_o sea_n and_o they_o who_o offer_v themselves_o to_o abide_v any_o shame_n or_o danger_n to_o bring_v to_o pass_v a_o great_a good_a as_o do_v zeno_n who_o bit_n off_o his_o own_o tongue_n and_o spit_v it_o out_o into_o the_o face_n of_o dionysius_n the_o tyrant_n because_o he_o will_v not_o utter_v unto_o he_o what_o be_v to_o be_v keep_v secret_a or_o as_o do_v anaxarchus_n the_o philosopher_n who_o choose_v to_o be_v torment_v unto_o death_n by_o be_v roll_v up_o together_o like_o a_o wheel_n rather_o than_o he_o will_v disclose_v the_o secret_a of_o his_o friend_n unto_o nicareon_o the_o tyrant_n therefore_o general_o when_o a_o man_n either_o choose_v a_o less_o evil_a through_o fear_n of_o some_o great_a evil_n or_o when_o a_o man_n accept_v the_o less_o good_a in_o hope_n of_o a_o great_a good_a which_o he_o can_v otherwise_o attain_v according_a as_o he_o will_v that_o thing_n which_o in_o such_o case_n he_o do_v or_o suffer_v be_v not_o utter_o against_o his_o will_n for_o he_o do_v or_o suffer_v by_o his_o own_o advice_n and_o choice_n and_o such_o thing_n be_v to_o be_v make_v choice_n of_o at_o that_o time_n though_o they_o be_v not_o to_o be_v choose_v of_o their_o own_o nature_n these_o be_v mix_v action_n partly_o voluntary_a and_o partly_o against_o our_o will_n for_o they_o be_v voluntary_a in_o respect_n of_o the_o circumstance_n but_o they_o be_v involuntary_a in_o regard_n of_o the_o action_n themselves_o and_o be_v it_o not_o for_o the_o circumstance_n no_o man_n will_v make_v choice_n of_o do_v