subiect to raine and very vnhealthfull the roade faire hauing on each side as you come a ledge of rocks The nine and twentieth Sir Thomas Baskeruile with 750. Land-soldiors went for Panama a sore march thorow the woods the way cut out of the woods and rocks very mirie the Spaniards playing on them out of the woods After ten leauges march they came to a fort on the top of a hill two such more were betwixt that and Panama that also strongly fortified the enemy hauing knowledge before of this designe Hereby was he forced to returne Ianuary the eight and twentieth Sir Francis Drake died of a fluxe He made his brother Thomas Drakes sonne his heire Sir Thomas Baskeruill succeeded The six and twentieth of February the Spaniards fleete of twenty sailes and the English met a fight followed continued two houres and then they parted A great Ship of the Spaniards that night was burned In Aprill following they arriued at Plimmouth In this Voyage I haue followed the printed Relation but because another hath comne to my hands written as it seemes by one offended therein I haue to thy other eare permitted him to speake that freedome of iudgement may remayne to euery Reader THe seuen and twentieth of August hauing our dispatch from her Maiestie wee brought all our fleet into the Sound of Plimmouth and the eight and twentieth day wee set sayle for our pretended Uoyage Iâ—â— our course alongst the Coasts of Spaine was diuers meetings with our Generals where passed many â—â—nkind speeches and such as Sir Iohn Hawkins neuer put off till death In this tract was put on a resolution with Sir Francis Drake and Sir Thomas Baskeruile to take the Grand Canaria wherevpon a counsall was held and therein propounded by Sir Francis how great a benefit much honour and good refreshing was offered vs and therefore would stand on most voyces Sir Iohn Hawkins to whom hee spake this vtterly refused with these reasons following First there could bee no need considering our small time out Secondly not possible to carrie it without hazarding all and Thirdly not good to lose time which would neuer be recouered To this last reason Sir Thomas Baskeruile answered First for time hee would require but foure dayes in this manner In foure houres he would take it and in the rest would hee burne it downe except they would compound thus the fourth day would he be shipped readie for our Voyage In this controuersie Sir Francis would goe for the Canaria with such as would follow him and Sir Iohn Hawkins with the rest for the Indies yet after this hard debating at the earnest request of some friends Sir Iohn Hawkins vpon the confessing of need was content to assist them yet in his iudgement labour lost with much hazard of all Thus altogether standing alongst the sixe and twentieth of September we came to anchor afore the Fort that guards the landing place at Grand Canaria where were put into our Boates and Pinnasses all our land men vnder the conduct of Sir Thomas Baskeruile Colonell Generall who drew head neere the middest of the Beatche Betwixt the Fort and the Towne as most safely for our landing To this place euen then did the Spaniards draw two or three very small Peeces of Ordnance with which and with some companies of Souldiers made some shew of resistance wherevpon notwithstanding most of our smaller shipping who accompanied our Boats with their Artillery Sir Thomas made his retraite without putting foot on land and then to know as it was reported if our Generals would put their Voyage thereon or no. With this better consideration were all our men shipped againe and stood alongst to the Westermost end thereof Here went many ashoare some for water some for pleasure amongst whom the eight and twentieth day was Captayne Grimstone with two more in his company slaine and by Peasants as was thought with this euill beginning this night wee weighed and stood alongst for the Indies The eight and twentieth of October wee came faire by the Southermost end of Dominica and the thirtieth day we came all to safe anchoring at Guardalupa onely the Delight and the Francis two of our smallest Pinnasses who being to leewards out of fight was there chased by fiue Spanish ships in which chase the Francis was taken the other escaped with this newes The last of this moneth Sir Iohn Hawkins not able to beare his griefes out longer sickned Here we built seuen Pinnasses The fourth of Nouember were they lanched and we stood of for Porto rico the eight day in the way we anchored among the Ilands Virgins where all our Souldiers were appointed to their land Captaines The twelfth day we came to anchor afore the Harbour at Porto rico where dyed Sir Nicholas Clifford by a shot from a platforme sitting at supper in the Defiance with this shot was likewise Master Brewt Browne hurt who liued but few dayes after and this day also died Sir Iohn Hawkins whose death of many was much lamented In this Harbour rid those fiue Frigats of the Kings which came for the treasure This place beeing well viewed by our Generall and Colonell Generall a counsell was held and therein agreed That first and most necessariest these Frigats should bee burned and for that seruice was named out the next night thirtie of our Boates and Pinnasses with fire-workes and with warlike weapons these Frigats were so well defended aboard and with the Ordnance ashore that our men returned with consuming onely one of them out of which were saued some of the Spaniards who reported certainly that there the Treasure of two Millions was and so were our men taken in the Francis Notwithstanding all these quickning newes after some few dayes we weighed and stood alongst to the Westermost end of this Iland where we contented vs with some refreshing of water Oranges and Plantanes here were built foure Pinnasses more At this place sent hee aboord me with his Warrant fortie Souldiers out of the Defiance The foure and twentieth day we weighed and stood alongst for one Iland called Knaw-saw with which wee fell the nine and twentieth day but stayed not thus standing alongst The first of December we arriued at Cape dela Vela the second in the morning was put into our Boats and Pinnasses all our Souldiers for Rio dela Hatcha This was taken the people being all fled yet here with search in the Woods and intelligence of some Negros was found great store of Pearle Plate Iewels Rials of Plate Bolts of Silke rich apparell with much other luggage The sixt of this moneth brought in Sir Francis from one other Towne called Rancharia great quantitie of Pearle and luggage The ninth day came in some Spaniards with intent to ransome their houses Negros and some Spaniards Prisoners and concluded for 24000. Pezos euery Pezo worth fiue shillings sixe pence The thirteenth day came in the
rather to please him causing to vndermine and cut the Hills to execute that dismall fate more terribly After some bickerings with the Spaniards hee fled to the Antis and there perished miserably Manco Inca Brother of Huascar came to the Spaniards at Cozco to demand the repossession of the Empire by inheritance due to him They made him faire semblance and he offered to promote the Gospell according to his Fathers testament as a better Law and the Spanish affaires Articles were agreed on and they granted him a Diadem with great solemnitie buâ— so farre short of the wonted that the old men cried as fast for the want of that as the yong boyes shouted for ioy of this When afterwards he propounded the accomplishment of those Articles which had beene made betwixt the Spaniards and the Indians that the Naturals might liue in quiet and knowe what seruice to performe to the Spaniards with the reall restitution of his Empire the Gouernour Pizarro and his brethren excused themselues by the broyles and stirres which had growne amongst themselues which hither to permitted not the accomplishment They further expected answer from the Emperor their Lord of whom he might hope for al good the Articles being good for both parts to whom they had giuen account of the capitulations his brother Hernando being shortly to returne with answere But when he was aâ—riued at Tumpiz the Maâ—quesse tooke occasion to rid himselfe of the Incas importunitie and with many faire words intreated him to returne to his Fortresse till things might be perfected which he doing they held him there Prisoner fearing his haughty courage The Indians seeing their Inca Prisoner were much grieued but he comforted them saying that he and they ought to obey the Spaniards for so Huayna Capac had commanded in his Testament and that they should not be weary till they had seene the last issue of these things Hee hoped that this his imprisonment would turne into greater liberalitie with him these Utracochas being a Nation comne from Heauen The Marquesse dismissed himselfe of the Inca whose person and guard hee commended to his brethren Iuan and Gonzalo and went to the Citie of Kings to people and eâ—large it The Inca Manco with much obsequiousnesse to all the Spaniards and many presents of Gold Siluer Gemmes Fruits c. making no shew of griefe for his imprisonment obtayned his libertie which he had laboured the rather hearing that Hernando Pizarro was comming to gouerne in Cozco Hee gate leaue to goe to Yucay which was the Garden of the Kings to which place he summoned his Captaines and complained of the Spaniards breach of promise in not performing the Capitulations which they had made with Titu Autauchi his brother and that they had laid him in prison with Iron fetters that he had perceiued their ill mindes from the beginning but suffered it to iustifie his cause with God and with the world that none might obiect to him the disturbing of the peace But now he could no further relie on their vaine promises well knowing that the Spaniards shared the Land amongst themselues in Cusco Rimac and Tumpiz whereby it well appeared that they intended not the restitution of the Empire to him and that he was loth to make further triall of their fetters and therefore required their best aduice intending with Armes to recouer his right trusting in Pachacamac and his father the Sun that they would not herein forsake him They told him that he might looke for like reward at the hands of those strangers as Atahuallpa had found notwithstanding the payment of his ransome and it was Pachacamacs great grace they had not dealt with his Royall Person likewise c. Thus Manco raised forces so that 200000. Indians came to Cozco and shot Arrowes with fire on them on all the houses of the Citie generally without respect of the Royall houses only they reserued the Temple of the Sunne with the Chappels within it and the house of the Virgins which two they spared thogh their wealth was gone not to commit any sacrilegious act against their Religion Three Hals also they reserued wherein to make their feasts in time of raine one of which was in the house that had belonged to the first Inca Manco Capac The author proceedes in the particular fights and seege of the Spaniards too long here to rehearse In diuers places they killed seuen hundred Spaniards But at last Manco was driuen to forsake the Countrey by the inequality of the Spaniards horses Guns and other offensiue and defensiue armes against which they had no experiments to make resistance In the ciuill-vnciuill broiles and warres of the Spaniards in Peru some of them fled to Manco Inca to auoide the Viceroies seuerity one of which was Gomez Perez a cholericke man which playing at Bowles with the Inca would stand so stiffely on measuring of his cast and the earnest folly of play that forgetting all good manners he one day vsed the Inca as if he had beene an Indian slaue wherewith the Inca prouoked gaue him a blow with his fist on the breast whereupon Gomez with his Bowle strooke the Inca on the head so great a blowe that hee fell downe dead Whereupon the Indians set on the Spaniards which first fled into the house to defend themselues there but were fired out and the Indians hauing killed them with enraged furie had purposed to eate vp their flesh raw but after left them to the birds and wilde beasts for foode Thus died Manco by the hands of those whom hee had preserued from death and had kindly vsed in those wilde Mountaines of Uillca campa which hee had chosen for his securitie I was present when some Incaâ— present at the act with teares recounted this to my Mother which came afterwards from these Mountaines with the Inca Sayri Tupac the sonne of that vnfortunate Prince by order of the Viceroy Mendoza Marquesse of Canete This Vice-roy vsed to perswade that comming in of the Inca the Ladie Beatriz his Fathers Sister which so wrought with his Guard hee being then too young to take the Diademe that vpon promise of certaine conditions hee came and rendted himselfe to the Vice-roy and after went to Cusco and was baptised by the name of Don Diego together with his wife Cusci Huarcay grandchilde to Huascar Inca Anno 1558. Shee was a faire woman but somewhat pale as are all the women of that Countrie about sixteene yeeres olde I went in my mothers name to visite the Inca and to kisse his hand which vsed mee courteously and two small vessels of gilt Plate were brought forth of which he dranke one I the other He spent his time one day visiting one part and another another part of the Citie Hee adored the Sacrament calling it Pachacamac Pachacamac He went thence to the Valley of Yucay and there remayned till his death which was about three yeeres after leauing no issue but a daughter which
him on the face and tooke the Cazique But he hauing his men so neere escaped away and left a Mantle of his of the skinnes of the Martinet Sables which in my iudgement are the best of all the World and haue a scent whereunto the scent of Ambergrise and Muske is not comparable and the scent thereof was smelt very farre off We saw also other but none like vnto that Now seeing the Gouernour wounded we set him aboord and caused him to bring with him the greater part of the men vnto the Boats and fifty of our men only remayned on land to fight with the Indians who that night assaulted vs three times and with so great violence that euery time they made vs retyre a stones cast so that there was not one of our men that was not wounded After this we returned to imbarke our selues and sayled three dayes and hauing taken a little water as much as the few vesiels we had were able to carrie wee returned to fall into the same necessitie wherein we were first And going on our Voyage we entred into a Strait where abiding we saw a Canow of the Indians comming and as we called vnto them they came and the Gouernour to whose Boat they were neerest demanded water of them who offered it him if he would giue them vessels wherein to carrie it so a Greeke Christian called Theodoro of whom mention is made before said that he would goe with them And although the Gouernour and many other laboured to disswade him yet he would needs goe thither and carried a Negro with him and the Indians left for hostages two of their men Those Indians returned in the Euening and brought vs our vessels without water but brought not our two Christians againe and those two men of theirs who remayned for pledges as soone as they spake vnto them would haue cast themselues into the water but our men who had them in the Boat held them and so the other Indians fled and left vs much confounded and sorrowful for the two Christians which we had lost The morning following many other Canoas of the Indians came vnto vs demanding their two companions which they left vs for hostages The Gouernour answered that he would giue them vnto them so that they would restore vs our two Christians Fiue or sixe Lords came with those people and it seemed to vs that they were of a very good disposition and of greater authority and retinue then all the rest wee had found hitherto although they were not of so tall a stature as the other before mentioned They wore their haire loose and very long and were couered with mantles of Martinets of the same sort whereof we spake before and some of them were made of a very strange fashion hauing certaine laces of the worke of Lions skinnes which seemed very faire They prayed vs that we would goe with them and they would giue vs our two Christians and water and many other things and many Canoas came continually vpon vs endeauouring to take the mouth of that passage and so therefore because the place was very dangerous we went out to Sea where we stayed with them vntill noone But not being willing to restore our Christians and therefore we also would not restore their two hostages they began to cast stones at vs with slings making shew also that they would shoot at vs although we saw not aboue three or foure Bowes among them And while wee continued thus a fresh gale of winde beganne to blowe and they went their way So we sayled all that day vntill the euening at what time my Boat that went before discouered a point which the Land made and at the other end I saw a Riuer then I anchored at a small Iland which maketh that point to stay for the other Boats The Gouernour would not come neere it but put into a flat shoare very neere thereunto where many small Ilands were and there wee all met together and tooke fresh water within the Sea because the Riuer ranne into the Sea continually and with great violence And that wee might bee able to bake a little Maiz which wee brought because for two dayes before we had eaten it raw we went aland on that Iland but finding no wood there we agreed to goe vnto the Riuer which was behind the Point one league from thence And as wee went the current of the Riuer was so great that by no meanes it suffered vs to arriue but droue vs backe from the Land §. II. Misery pursues them at Sea and betrayes them to the Indians their miserable liues and death WEe sayled foure dayes euery one eating halfe a handfull of raw Maiz a day by ratement At the end of these foure dayes a tempest tooke vs which made vs recouer the Boat of Captaine Telles and through the great mercy which God shewed to some of vs we were not wholly drowned And being Winter and exceeding cold and so many dayes wherein we had sustained hunger with many blowes which wee receiued from the Sea the day following the men began very much to faint in such manner that when the Sunne went downe all those that were in my Boat were fallen one vpon the other so neere vnto death that few of them had any sense and among all them there were not fiue that could stand on their feete and when night came there remained no more but the Master and my selfe that could mannage the Boat and two houres within night the Master said vnto mee that I should take charge of my Boat because he was in such case that he held it for certainty that hee should die that night And so I tooke the rudder and midnight being past I went to see if the Master were dead who said vnto me that suddenly he was better and that hee would guide the Boat vntill day Then surely I found my selfe in such state that much more willingly I would haue receiued death then see so many men before me in that manner wherein they were and after the Master tooke charge of the Boat I rested my selfe a little but very vnquietly because at that time nothing was further from me then sleepe And about the morning me thought that I heard the noise and roaring of the Sea because being a very lowe Coast it raged much whereupon when I heard this I called to the Master who answered me that he supposed we were now neere vnto the Land and sounding we found our selues in seuen fathome and he thought it fit that we should abide at Sea vntill the day appeared And so I tooke an Oare and rowed to the Lands side which we found one league distant and put the stearne to the Sea And being neere to the Land a waue tooke vs which cast the Boat backe againe into the Sea as farre as a man might well fling a stone and with the great blowe which it gaue almost all the men who remained there as dead
Captaine Gosnols death the Councell could hardly agree by the dissention of Captaine Kendall which afterward was committed about hainous matters which was proued against him The foure and twentieth day died Edward Harington and George Walker and were buried the same day The sixe and twentieth day died Kenelme Throgmortine The seuen and twentieth day died William Roods The eight and twentieth day died Thomas Stoodie Cape Merchant The fourth day of September died Thomas Iacob Sergeant The fift day there died Beniamin Beast Our men were destroyed with cruell diseases as Swellings Flixes Burning Feuers and by warres and some departed suddenly but for the most part they died of meere famine There were neuer Englishmen left in a forreigne Countrey in such miserie as wee were in this new discouered Virginia Wee watched euery three nights lying on the bare cold ground what weather soeuer came warded all the next day which brought our men to bee most feeble wretches our food was but a small Can of Barlie sod in water to fiue men a day our drinke cold water taken out of the Riuer which was at a floud verie salt at a low tide full of slime and filth which was the destruction of many of our men Thus we liued for the space of fiue moneths in this miserable distresse not hauing fiue able men to man our Bulwarkes vpon any occasion If it had not pleased God to haue put a terrour in the Sauages hearts we had all perished by those vild and cruell Pagans being in that weake estate as we were our men night and day groaning in euery corner of the Fort most pittifull to heare if there were any conscience in men it would make their harts to bleed to heare the pittiful murmurings out-cries of our sick men without reliefe euery night and day for the space of sixe weekes some departing out of the World many times three or foure in a night in the morning their bodies trailed out of their Cabines like Dogges to be buried in this sort did I see the mortalitie of diuers of our people It pleased God after a while to send those people which were our mortall enemies to releeue vs with victuals as Bread Corne Fish and Flesh in great plentie which was the setting vp of our feeble men otherwise wee had all perished Also we were frequented by diuers Kings in the Countrie bringing vs store of prouision to our great comfort The eleuenth day there was certaine Articles laid against Master Wing fiield which was then President thereupon he was not only displaced out of his President ship but also from being of the Councell Afterwards Captaine Iohn Ratcliffe was chosen President The eighteenth day died oue Ellis Kinistone which was starued to death with cold The same day at night died one Richard Simmons The nineteenth day there died one Thomas Mouton William White hauing liued with the Natiues reported to vs of their customes in the morning by breake of day before they eate or drinke both men women and children that be aboue tenne yeeres of age runnes into the water there washes themselues a good while till the Sunne riseth then offer Sacrifice to it strewing Tobacco on the water or Land honouring the Sunne as their God likewise they doe at the setting of the Sunne CHAP. III. The description of Virginia by Captaine IOHN SMITH inlarged out of his written Notes VIrginia is a Countrie in America that lieth betweene the degrees of 34. and 44. of the North Latitude The bounds thereof on the East side are the great Ocean On the South lieth Florida on the North Noua Francia As for the West thereof the limits are vnknowne Of all this Countrie we purpose not to speake but only of that part which was planted by the Englishmen in the yeere of our Lord 1606. And this is vnder the degrees 37. 38. and 39. The temperature of this Countrie doth agree wel with English constitutions being once seasoned to the Countrie Which appeared by this that though by many occasions our people fell sicke yet did they recouer by verie small meanes and continued in health though there were other great causes not only to haue made them sicke but euen to end their dayes c. The Summer is hot as in Spaine the Winter cold as in France or England The heate of Summer is in Iune Iuly and August but commonly the coole Breeses asswage the vehemencie of the heate The chiefe of Winter is halfe December Ianuary February and halfe March The cold is extreme sharpe but heere the Prouerbe is true That no extreme continueth long In the yeere 1607. was an extraordinary Frost in most of Europe and this Frost was found as extreme in Uirginia But the next yeere for eight or ten daies of ill weather other fourteene daies would be as Summer The winds here are variable but the like Thunder and Lightning to purifie the Aire I haue seldome either seene or heard in Europe From the South-west came the greatest gusts with Thunder and heate The North-west winde is commonly coole and bringeth faire weather with it From the North is the greatest cold and from the East and South-east as from the Barmadas fogges and raines Sometimes there are great droughts other times much raine yet great necessitie of neither by reason we see not but that all the varietie of needfull Fruits in Europe may bee there in great plentie by the industry of men as appeareth by those we there planted There is but one entrance by Sea into this Countrey and that is at the mouth of a verie goodly Bay the widenesse whereof is neere eighteene or twenâ—ie miles The Cape on the South side is called Cape Henrie in honour of our most Noble Prince The shew of the Land there is a white Hilly Sand like vnto the Downes and along the shoares great plentie of Pines and Firres The North Cape is called Cape Charles in honour of the worthy Duke of Yorke Thelles before it are named Smiths Iles because he first of ours set foot on them Within is a Countrey that may haue the prerogatiue ouer the most pleasant places of Europe Asia Africa or America for large and pleasant nauigable Riuers Heauen and Earth neuer agreed better to frame a place for mans habitation being of our constitutions were it fully mannured and inhabited by industrious people Here are Mountaynes Hils Plaines Vallies Riuers and Brookes all running most pleasantly into a faire Bay compassed but for the mouth with fruitful delightsome Land In the Bay and Riuers are many Iles both great and small some woodie some plaine most of them low and not inhabited This Bay lieth North an South in which the water floweth neere two hundred miles and hath a Channell for one hundred and fortie miles of depth betwixt seuen and fifteene fadome holding in breadth for the most part ten or fourteene miles From the head of the Bay at
almost couered with leaues yet by the speciall prouidence of God none of them either hit or hurt vs. On Munday we found a very good Harbour for our shipping we marched also into the Land and found diuers corne Fields and little running Brookes a place verie good for scituation so we returned to our Ship againe with good newes to the rest of our people which did much comfort their hearts This Harbour is a Bay greater then Cape Cod compassed with a goodly Land and in the Bay two fine Ilands vninhabited wherein are nothing but Woods Okes Pines Wal-nut Beech Sasifras Vines and other Trees which we know not This Bay is a most hopefull place innumerable store of Fowle and excellent good and cannot but be of Fish in their seasons Skote Cod Turbot and Herring we haue tasted of abundance of Mufles the greatest and best that euer we saw Crabs and Lobsters in their time infinite It is in fashion like a Cikle or Fish-hooke The eighteenth we went along the Coast in the Woods some seuen or eight mile but saw not an Indian nor an Indian house onely we found where formerly had beene some Inhabitants and where they had planted their Corne wee found not any Nauigable Riuer but foure or fiue small running Brookes of very fresh water that all run into the Sea The Land for the crust of the earth is a spits depth excellent blacke mould and fat in some places two or three great Okes but not very thicke Pines Walnuts Beech Ash Birch Hasell Holley Asp Sasifras in abundance and Vines euery where Cherry-trees Plum-trees and many other which we know not many kinds of Hearbs we found here in Winter as Strawberry leaues innumerable Sorrell Yarow Caruell Brook-lime Liver-wort Water-cresses great store of Leeks and Onyons and an excellent strong kind of Flax and Hempe Here is Sand Grauell and excellent Clay no better in the World excellent for Pots and will wash like Sope and great store of Stone though somewhat soft and the best water that euer we drunke and the Brookes now begin to be full of Fish that night many being weary with marching we went aboord againe The nineteenth of December after our landing and viewing of the places so well as we could we came to a conclusion by most voyces to set on the Maine Land on the first place on an high ground where there is a great deale of Land cleered and hath beene planted with Corne three or foure yeeres agoe and there is a very sweet Brook runs vnder the Hill side and many delicate Springs of as good water as can be drunke and where wee may harbour our Shallops and Boates exceeding well and in this Brooke is much good Fish in their seasons On the further side of the Riuer also much Corne ground cleered in one Field is a great Hill on which wee point to make a plat-forme and plant our Ordnance which will command all round about from thence we may see into the Bay and far into the Sea and we may see thence Cape Cod. Saturday the three and twentieth so many of vs as could went on shore felled and carried timber to prouide themselues stuffe for building Munday the fiue and twentieth wee went on shoare some to fell timber some to sawe some to riue and some to carry so no man rested all that day Munday the fiue and twentieth being Christmasse day we began to drinke water aboord but at night the Master caused vs to haue some Beer and so on boord we had diuers times now then some Beere but on shoare none at all Wee tooke notice how many Families they were willing all single men that had no wiues to ioyne with some Family as they thought fit that so wee might build fewer houses which was done and we reduced them to nineteene Families to greater Families we allotted larger plots to euery person halfe a Pole in breadth and three in length and so Lots were cast where euery man should lie which was done and staked out we thought this proportion was large enough at the first for Houses and Gardens to impale them round considering the weakenesse of our people many of them growing ill with colds for our former Discoueries in frost and stormes and the wading at Cape Cod had brought much weaknesse amongst vs which increased euery day more and more and after was the cause of many of our deaths Friday and Saturday wee fitted our selues for our labour but our people on shoare were much troubled and discouraged with rayne and wet that day being very stormy and cold wee saw great smoakes of fire made by the Indians about six or seuen miles from vs as wee coâ—iectured Thursday the fourth of Ianuarie Captaine Miles Standish with foure or fiue more went to see if they could meete with any of the Sauages in that place where the fires was made they went to some of their houses but not lately inhabited yet could they not meet with any as they came home they shot at an Eagle and killed her which was excellent meat It was hardly to be discerned from Mutton Tuesday the ninth of Ianury was a reasonable faire day and wee went to labour that day in the building of our Towne in two rowes of houses for more safetie wee diuided by lot the plot of ground whereon to build our Towne After the proportion formerly allotted we agreed that euery man should build his owne house thinking by that course men would make more hast then working in common the common house in which for the first we made our Rendeuous being neere finished wanting only couering it being about twentie foot square some should make morter and some gather thatch so that in foure daies halfe of it was thatched frost and foule weather hindered vs much this time of the yeare seldome could we worke halfe the weeke On the twelfth day Iohn Goodman and Peter Browne at dinner time tooke their meat in their hands and would go walke and refresh themselues so going a little off they find a Lake of water and hauing a great Mastiffe bitch with them and a Spannell by the water side they found a great Dâ—ere the Dogs chased him and they followed sofar as they lost themselues and could not find the way backe they wandred all that afternoone being wet and at night did freeze and snow they were slenderly apparelled and had no weapons but each one his Cicle nor any victualls they ranged vp and downe and could finde none of the Sauages habitations When it drew to night they were much perplexed for they could find neither harbour nor meat but in frost and snow were forced to make the Earth their bed and the Element their couering and another thing did very much terrifie them they heard as they thought two Lions roaring exceedingly for a long time together and a third that they thought was very neere them so not knowing what to doe they resolued to climbe vp into a Tree
returne from the Strait Grieuous storme Saint Vincent Captaine Barker and foure and twentie others slaine The Roe-bucke commeth in Brasilian Coast full of shoalds and barres Mastâ—r Candishes high spirit His intention His pretence Necessitie 〈◊〉 small sâ—â—ps 〈◊〉 the BSpanâ— câ—ast Portugal Pilots vndertaking for Spirito Sancto His ignorance Three Ships His counsâ—ll not followed Their vnseasonable eagernes His instructions to Captain Mâ—â—gan The place described Mad Mutiners They land Captaine Morgan slaine Many others slaine or hurts Ten braue men lost Cowardly basenesse 25. men slaine others wounded Purpose for S. Sebastian Da 〈…〉 able designs The Roe bucke forsaketh him He commeth to S. Sebastians Their manifoâ—d wants Mutinous murmuring His perswasions Mutiner punished An Irish rascall and traiâ—or to his fellowes Cap. Candishes weakenesse His purpose for S. Helena Sailors disobedience Scarsity of victuall Desperate thoughts Master Lockeâ— death Cap. Candisheâ— Will. Mistris Annâ— Candish Flemmish prize satisfied with English price Sâ—orbuto Iapandâ—rs Portugall hanged Brasil Cape Frio Ilha Grande Poâ—tentuous prâ—sageâ— of ill â—nd from so ill beginning Saint Sebastian Vnruly demeanour Santos takeâ— Hoâ— Anthonis Kniuet found a chist of siluer Iohn King English man Iesuites Colledge The Generall by two sauages first scarred and after instructed The Daintie would haue returned from Santos to England Mutinga mynes Iâ—panders peâ—fidie S. Vincent At the riuer of Plate we had a great storme In this storme the Crow a smal Boat of 20. tun sunke before our eyes with twelue men a boy The Roe-bucke lost her boat with two men and wee lost ours with three men And at the Straits we took the Desires long Boat for the Admirall Murmuring Port Desire Magellan Straits Port Famine Current Barke like Sinamon Naked Sauages Miserable coâ—d Anthonie Kniuet lost his toes in the Straits Strait and deepe Riuer Muscles with Pearles Harris his hard hap How we returned from the straits of Magellan Generall Candish commeth againe to Port Famine where bee setteth eight men on shoare and would haue set mee on shoare with them had it not beene for Captain Cocke How I got feeling againe of my limmes after we came out of the straits How the Desire and the Blacke Pinnosse goeth away from vs. Of a great storme we had coÌ„ming backe How the Generall stâ—ooke mee dead against his will They come to Santos againe The Portugals kill our men See Cap. Candish before S. Sebastian The Roe-bucke come to vs at Santos Portugals aduice Spirito Santo Portugall hanged 80. men slaine 40. wounded Ro-bucke fleeth S. Sebastian Anthony Kniuet left for dead Venemous Pease Kniuetâ—erâ—â—â—â—d â—erâ—â—â—â—d w 〈…〉 ha 〈◊〉 〈…〉 st 〈…〉 me â—ut 〈◊〉 the water Whale They are taken and slaine He escapeth Henrie Barway He is sent to a Sugar-mill He fleeth His new Master Wyanasses Iawarapipo Pories Strange entertainment of strangers His danger by a Sauage Hospitall fidelitie in Sauages Riuer Paraeyua He returneth to his oâ—d Master Endangered by a Sharke Master Hawkins at Cape Friâ— Another douâ— ble disâ—ster of sense and lossâ— His imprisonment Condemnation to be hanged Iesuites saue him Imprisoned againe Dissolute resolution He fleeth againe Danger oâ— taking in a Carauala Solâ—men miser iâ— sociâ—s hâ—bâ—isse dolâ—riâ— His wandrings I suppose by Leâ—pards he â—â—eanâ—th thâ—t spâ—â—ted bâ—â—st wâ—â—ch othâ—rs call a Tigre Pianita Hee commeth to his old host Senate of Sauages Iaquerequere Sauage faith Antonie Kniueâ— is bound by the Canibals and brought to his Master Paraeyua Wereob His next aduenture thorow the desarts A faire Riuer Two Sauages Apparell strange Their strange habitâ— Stranger â—akâ—dâ—esse His entertainment His returne Ambiâ—ious malice in sauages Expâ—dition agaâ—â—st the Taymayas Danger of drowning Ilha Grande Whale ouerturneth a Canoa A Caniball captaiâ—e with eightie followers Three dayes ascending a Mountaine Snakâ—s very venemous R. Paracuona how passed Mountayne of foure dayes iourney His danger of death R. Pâ—â—aâ—â—a He loseth hiâ— way Tapnyas Waanawasons Poysonous fruit Fortie dayes iourney vp a Riuer Of Spirits that possessed the Indians and killed them Master Kniueâ— told mee that he heard one Indian vpon occasion of such possession conferring with the Spirit and threatning if the Spirits vsed them so ill they would turne to the Christians and thereupon the Spiâ—iâ— left the person so possessed Strange disease Hard seruiâ—ude Mâ—serable famine 180. men lost Mountaine of blacke round stones Steep descent Ground Hony Ant beare M. of greene stones R. Iawaâ—y which floweth from Potossâ— Vomits and death The enemies town forsaken Snake which leapes at the fire The Snake killed Worse Snakes aliue He is set in the Stockes He is brought to execution Honest Portugals intercede A new aduenture Fishing with golden hooks Faire Ston 5. Golden Riuers Glistering Mountaine Tamandros are the Ant-beares Hideous aduenture Câ—arons Fâ—râ—y The Indians kils the Portugals and after eate them Diuellish Butchers Hatred of the Tamoyes to the Portugals Tamominos He teacheth them to fight Topinaques Mountâ—ine of Goâ—d His rich apparell He perswades them to seeke new habitations New discoueries of this wandering Nation Amazons not a on 〈…〉 breasted Nation but warlike women Battell of Sauages Carijos They are assailed by the Portugals He returneth to his Mâ—ster The Portugals kill 10000. and captiue 20000. Indians Vaytacasses Tale of Saint Thomas sauouring like Saint Francises Legend Old Captaines High spirit of a Sauage What became of the 13. men so many M. Iane reckoneth lost out of Cap. Dauis his Ship Andrew Towers deuise His mad aduenture Massangano a Portugall Fort in Africa â—ee And. Battell Hâ—â— escape to Angola He is taken sent backe to Brasill Nil habet insoeliâ— paupertas duâ—ius â—â—se Qâ—ám quòd ridicnlos hom 〈…〉 es facit Captain Cocke Heixts perfidiousnesse to his Countrimen Heixts miserable deaâ—h Two Dutch ships He saueth his Master Foure Hollanâ— ships Perfidiousnes of Portugals Flemming taken trecherously Mynes of gold Siluer Myne The Organs Mortalitie Diuers frayes dangers of the Author which here followed as in other places of the Historie for breuities sake are omitted Legge swolne with the aire Danger at Sea Mamaluke or Mestizos Riuer of toadâ— Nine tuns of siluer Places on the Coast. A storme Army of Sauages Ambergreece This Thomas Turner I was acqu 〈…〉 ed with and receiued of him some notes which follow after M. Knâ—uet A. Kniâ—et arriueth at Lisbonâ— His sicknesse The Petiuâ—res described No set forme of Religion Warres Region Diet. Râ—tâ—â— of childe birth Sharkes deâ—oured by Sharkes Crocodiles how and why taken Crab-lice Abausangaretam See the former §. The Wayanasses Painting Tabacco The Topinâ—ques Canibals called Pories Small Cocos The Molopaques beaâ—deâ— Sauages and ciuiller then others Houses seuer 〈…〉 Gold Riuer Parâ— Mynes Faire wome 〈…〉 Mâ—â—leâ—â— The Motayâ—â— Weeping w 〈…〉 come W 〈…〉 D 〈…〉 The Lopos Gold in plentie The Wayanawasons simple sauages Venemous plum Mâ—ny straits Tâ—me Estridges Riuer Iawary Menuaâ—e Gold Cristall and Iemmâ—s The Serpent Sorocueu described his stâ—ange forme and qualities Two moneths trauell
therein onely me thinkes like Grapes they are round and as great as a good Musket-bullet and yet haue they very little meat vpon them for their stone if that which is not hard may bee called a stone is exceeding great for the proportion of the fruit insomuch that the meat seemeth to bee but the rinde of this stone A stone I call it though you may put it together with your finger but it hath a bitterish kirnell in it and that which is without it is meat and that of a delâ—ightfull saporous taste Their Plantines are a fruie which grow on a shrub betwixt an hearb and a tree but it is commonly called a tree of the height of a man the stem of it as bigge as a mans thigh the fruit it selfe of the bignesse and shape of a Goates horne it groweth yellowish and mellow being ripe either vpon the tree or with keeping and then eaten raw or roasted it is a good meat comming neere to the rellish of an Apple-Iohn or a Duson that hath beene kept till it is ouer-ripe sauing that me thought I still found some taste of a roote in it the meat of it is lapped vp in a thin skin which being scored the long way with a knife easily deliuereth what is within it Their Coker-trees please the eye as well as their Nuts doe the taste The body of them is but slender no where so bigge as a mans middle and vpwards growing proportionably lesse till they are risen some thirtie or fortie foot high without sprig or bough then breake out their boughs all at once euery one whereof is iust like a goodly Ostridge feather their leaues are so cunningly set together euery one whereof alone is something like a Sedge or the leafe of a wilde Lilly Vnder this bush which is the head of the tree doe the Coker-nuts grow some fortie on a tree round about the Bole some yard downward from where the branches breake out These trees are a very great grace to the Citie of Puerto Ricâ— and very many there were found in it and he that hatâ— seene this may somewhat conceiue of the forme of a Palme to tree for in shape they are not vnlike This Palmeto tree while it is young and yet of good yeeres is much of it selfe meat and tasted me thought like a Wall-nut but some what bitterish when it is old they say it beareth fruit the Date one of the best fruits in my iudgement I saw not any fruit vpon any of the Palmetoes that I saw and therefore this shall be said onely vpon the report of others Besides these fruits the Iland yeeldeth Figs Pomegranates Muske-millions Poâ—e-citâ—ons very 〈◊〉 as my selfe saw but it is incredible almost that is reported of them by men of good credit that their Pome-citrons grow to so huge greatnesse as that a very little number three or foure of th 〈…〉 will lade a horse Limons I did not see any yet they say there are some but of Limes the number is numberlesse and as for Oranges truly I thinke they are the best tasted and most goodly in the world For both their sweet and sowre Oranges are full of most delicate and 〈◊〉 pleasing juyce and besides they are the goodliest both in colour and greatnesse that euer I saw They haue Pepper also growing vpon trees the Pepper it selfe is a little seede of colour â—â—ixt white and yellow and inclosed in a bagge which sometime is round like a Bâ—ll sometime it runneth oâ—â— in a picked length like a fruit which we gather in our Gardens in England and eate as a sallet with Mutton This pepper is much hotter and stronger then the blacke pepper vsed with vs in our Countrie These fruits and many more grow vpon trees and common to them all it is and I thinke to all the fruits of the Iland that the same tree at once beareth buds greene fruit and ripe fruits and often withall seedeth Now if any man thinke that wee haue found meates in good store but yet want bread and drinke it may at one word bee answered that the industrious and 〈◊〉 can want 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of either For first of all their Cassauie specially new and carefully dressed is good bread â—â—ead 〈◊〉 〈…〉 ll keepe so well that ships that goe hence to Spaine are victualled with it to the good lik 〈…〉 of â—â—ssengers This Cassauie is the roote of a small tree like me thought to an ouer-growne Hyssope stalke or a young Sallow but that the leaues are not so broad but by much 〈…〉 ker vpon the branches of Cassauie this roote is very full of liquor which must be carefully pressed forth before the dryer part bee fit to make bread For the roote eaten with the juyce or the juyce by it selfe bringeth a painfull swelling in the belly whereof death doth oftâ—n follow Wherâ—fore the Spaniards generally hold it for a kinde of poyson Yet our men I am told meeting with the rootes vnpressed and mistaking them for Potatoes whereby you may coniecture their shape haue eaten them without after feeling any mortall distemper And to a body whose naturall heat is able to ouercome their cruditie and rawnesse there is happily no present danger for they tell me that of this juyce sodden there is made a prettie kinde of drinke somewhat like small Ale The bread which they make of this roote is very passing white not â—neaded into loaues but rolled out in Cakes of a reasonable thicknesse yet may they be better called thin and of â—â—â—h breadth that they lap them in â—oldes one vpon another Besides their Cassauie they haue Mais which maketh a much â—â—ner bread and vsed of the better sort There are two sorts of Maiz the lesser they say not vnlike to Rice in proportion and bignesse and taste this I neuer saw either growing or raw but I haue seene it in the dish and at first did take it for Rice sauing that mee thought it was something ouer-swollen they that eats it said it tasted like Rice The bigger sort of Maiz I haue seene growing and it is either the same or exceeding like to the graine which we call Ginny wheat it groweth vp with a knotted stalke like a Reed with large scattered leaues it riseth to a fadome and a halfe at least in height and at the very top shooteth out the graine Besides Maiz and Cassauie there is good store of Rice growing in the Iland and where Rice will grow who will make a question of Corne. But to put it without contradâ—â—â—â—on that Corne will come vp with good increase experience hath determined the question For that same Mulato Cherenâ— whom I mentioned before did make experience â—nd did sow Corne which he reaped with good increase But because it was painefull to follow husbandrie and tillage and forsooth Cassauie and Maiz would serue the Spaniards would none nay this Molato halfe borne a slaue would not bee at
the blades in their pottage and vse them in other meates of pleasing taste and good for appetite When they came in the height of Bermuda they discouered a Monster in the Sea who shewed himselfe three times vnto them from the middle vpwards in which parts he was proportioned like a man of the complexion of a Mâ—llato or tawny Indian The Generall commanded one of his Clerkes to put it in writing to certifie the King thereof Presently after for the space of sixteene dayes the weather proued very foule Offering to make an escape they were descried and seuerely stocked and imprisoned a yeere in the Contractation house in Siuill and breaking prison were taken and by the Inquisition were sentenced Robert Barret and Iohn Gilbert to bee burnt Iob Hortop and Iohn Bone to the Gallies for tenne yeeres and after that to perpetuall prison Others were adiudged to the Gallies some eight some fiue yeeres Hortop serued twelue yeeres in hunger thirst cold and stripes and after foure yeeres imprisonment in his Fooles coat was redeemed to the seruice of Hernando de Sâ—ria from whom after three yeeres seruice more he stole away and landed at Portsmouth in December 1590. after three and twentie yeeres miserable bondage As for Dauid Ingrams perambulation to the North parts Master Hakluyt in his first Edition published the same but it seemeth some incredibilities of his reports caused him to leaue him out in the next Impression the reward oâ— lying being not to be beleeued in truths And for Sir Iohn Hawkins himselfe he had made one Voyage with three ships and three hundred Negros gotten on the Coast of Guinea to Hispaniola 1562. and other Ports and returned with a rich gaine This encouraged him to a second Voyage with the Iesus Salomon Tigre and Swallow 1564. And hauing visited diuers Ports be returned by Florida Anno 1567. their vnfortunate Voyage before mentioned was set forth in which his vniustice to Sauages was chastised by vniustice of Christians in manner as you haue heard Himselfe with his remayning company were first endangered with an extreame storme after that with famine his men dying continually so that the rest being not able to manage the ship and the winds crossing seeking to releeue themselues at Ponte Vedra with fresh meate they grew diseased and many of them died and thereby were also in danger of a second Spanish betraying which they hardly escaping arriued in England Ianuary the twentieth 1568. The Spanish indignities and treacheries were deeply lodged in the wronged minds both of Sir Iohn Hawkins and of Captayne Drake men borne for the honour of the English name and Nation in Marine affaires Sir Iohn Hawkins was sonne to Master William Hawkins of Plimmouth a man much esteemed by King Henry the Eighth as a principall Sea-captaine Hee had long before armed a ship of his owne of two hundred and fifty tunnes called the Paul of Plimmouth wherewith he made two Voyages to Brasill one in the yeere 1530. and the other 1532. in the first of which he brought a Brasilian King as they tearmed him to present him in his wilde accouâ—rements to King Henry It seemed that Sea affaires and arts remayned an Inheritance from the Father to the Sonne and from him also to the Nephew as shall after be seene neither did the West of England yeeld such an Indian Neptuniâ—â— paire as were these two Ocean Peeres Hawkins and Drake A briefe Historie of Sir FRANCIS DRAKES Voyages OF Sir Francis Drake Master Camden reports that he hath heard him say of himselfe that he was borne in the County of Deuon of meane condition his God father was Francis Russell afterwards Earle of Bedford who gaue him his name Francis Whiles he was young his father being called in question for Religion by reason of the sixe Articles set forth by King Henry against the Protestants was driuen to shift and withdrew himselfe into Kent After King Henries death he obtayned a place in the Nauâ—e Royall to reade Seruice and soone after was ordayned Deacon and made Vicar of the Church of Vpnor on the Riuer of Medway where by reason of his pouertie he put this his sonne to serue a Neighbour Mariner which traded with a small Barke into France and Zeland who brought him vp in the Mariners art and tooke such liking of him that at his death he bequeathed being a Bâ—chelour vnto him his Barke This Barke vpon the report of Sir Iohn Hawkins his preparations for that disastrous Voyage 1567. hee sold and ioyned to him in societie aforesaid and at Saint Iohn de Vllua lost all and hardly brought himselfe backe Hereupon seeking by his Mariners practice to repaire his losses and thereby and as a man of warre hauing gotten store of money together he made a second Voyage to recouer in the Spanish Indies what there he had lost quod licere Theologus classiarius facilè persuaserat and with a ship of warre called the Dragon and another ship and a Pinnasse none knowing it but his owne consorts Anno 1572. sayled to Nombre de Dios which Towne he suddenly surprised and lost For hauing landed one hundred and fiftie men and leauing seuentie of them in a Fort with the rest he went to the Market place and there discharged his Calieuers and sounded a Trumpet answered in like manner from the Fort. The Townesmen hereby terrified fled into the Mountaynes But fourteene or fifteene would backe with their Harquebuses to see what the matter was and discouering the Englishmen shot and by hap killed the Trumpeter Hereupon they in the Fort not seeing their Trumpet answered after they had heard the Calieuers supposed all those which had entred were slaine and fled to their Pinnasses The Captayne comming and seeing his men all gone was surprized with a new feare and leauing their furniture they swamme and waded to their Pinnasses and departed the Port. In the Sound of Dariene heehad intelligence by certayne fugitiue Negros of Mules comming Ioden with treasure from Panamâ— to Nombre de Dios and guided by them intercepted two companies of Mules and carried away the Gold only for they were not able to carrie the Siluer thorow the Mountaynes Two dayes after he came to the house of Crosses and burnt aboue 200000. Duckets in Merchandize and so departed When he trauelled ouer those Mountaynes hee beheld thence the South Sea and thereby inflamed with desire of glory and wealth was so rapt with desire of sayling therein that he fell there on his knees and begged of God and besought the fauour of God to assist him in that exploit and made a solemne vow to that purpose one day to sayle on that Sea which euery day and night lay next his heart pricking him forwards to the performance Whiles hee was musing and hatching these haughtie Designes Iohn Oxenham who in the former Nauigations had serued vnder Captayne Drake both Souldier Mariner and Cooke became
they should be most infamous to the world that being within six hundred leagues of the place which we so much desired to returne home againe so farre being most infamous and beggerly These perswasions tooke no place with them but most boldly they all affirmed that they had sworne they would neuer goe againe to the Straits neither by no meanes would they And one of the chiefest of their faction most proudly and stubbornely vttered these words to my face in presence of all the rest which I seeing and finding mine owne faction to be so weake for there were not any that fauoured my part but my poore cousen Locke and the Master of the Ship I tooke this bold companion by the bosome and with mine owne hands put a rope about his necke meaning resolutely to strangle him for weapon about me I had none His companions seeing one of their chiefe champions in this case perceiuing me to goe roundly to worke with him they all came to the Master and desired him to speake affirming they would be ready to take any course that I should thinke good of I hearing this stayed my selfe and let the fellow goe after which time I found them something conformable at least in speeches though among themselues they still murmured at my intentions Thus hauing something pacified them and perswaded them that by no meanes I would take no other course then to go for the Straits I tooke ashoare with me thirtie Soldiers and my Carpenters carrying foureteene dayes victuall with me for them Thus going ashoare I hailed vp my Boate to new build her in such sort as she might bee able to abide the Seas leauing aboord all my sailers and the rest to rigge the Ship and mend sailes and to doe other businesse And now to let you know in what case I lay ashoare among these base men you shall vnderstand that of these thirtie there were vâ—rie few of them which had not rather haue gone to the Portugals then to haue remained with me for there were some which at my being ashoare were making rafts to goe ouer to the maine which was not a mile ouer where the Portugals had continuall watch of vs looking but for a fit opportunity to set vpon vs being in this case alwaies expecting the comming of the Portugals against whom I could haue made no resistance and further the trecherie of some of my companie which desired nothing more then to steale ouer so to betray me I protest I liued hourly as he that still expecteth death In this case I made all the speed I could to make an end of my Boate that we might be able to rowe her aboord which in twelue daies we mainely finished which being done I came aboord and found all my businesse in good forwardnesse so I determined with all possible speede to dispatch and be gone for the Straits of Magellane But ere euer we could get in all our water and timber-wood and other necessaires an Irish man a noble villaine hauing made a raft got ouer to the maine and told the Portugals which were there watching nothing but an opportunitie that if they would goe ouer in the night they should finde most of our men ashoare without weapon and that they might doe with them what they would vpon this the next night they came ouer and hauing taken some of our men they brought them where the rest lay which they most cruelly killed being sicke men not able to stirre to helpe themselues Those which were ashoare more then the sicke men had stolne out of the Shippe for it was all my care to keepe them aboord knowing well that the Portugals sought to spoile vs the place being so fit for them all ouergrowne with woods and bushes as their Indians might goe and spoile vs with their arrowes at their pleasures and we not be able to hurt one of them In the morning perceiuing their comming I sent my Boate ashoare and rescued all my healthfull men but fiue which they found out in the night without weapons to defend them whereof besides the losse of our men we hauing but foure sailes left one ashoare which was no small mishap among the rest The Portugals went presently againe ouer to the maine but left their Indians to keepe in the bushes About the watering-place our men going ashoare were shot at and hurt and could by no meanes come to hurt them againe by reason of the wood and bushes Wherefore finding my men hurt and that by no meanes I could doe any thing there without more losse of men whereof I had no neede for I had not abouâ— ninetie men left or little ouer notwithstanding my wants of wood and water and my Boate not being sufficiently mended was in no possibilitie to doe me pleasure in this case was I forced to depart fortune neuer ceasing to lay her greatest aduersities vpon me But now I am growne so weake and faint as I am scarce able to hold the penne in my hand wherefore I must leaue you to inquire of the rest of our most vnhappy proceedings but know this that for the Straits I could by no meanes get my company to giue their consents to goe For after this misfortune and the want of our sailes which was a chiefe matter they alleadged and to tell you truth all the men left in the Shippe were no more then able to weigh our ankers But in truth I desired nothing more then to attempt that course rather desiring to dye in going forward then basely in returning backe againe but God would not suffer me to dye so happy a man although I sought all the wayes I could still to attempt to performe somewhat For after that by no meanes I saw they could be brought to goe for the Straits hauing so many reasonable reasons to alleadge against me as they had first hauing but three sailes and the place subiect to such furious stormes and the losse of one of these was death and further our Boate was not sufficiently repaired to abide the Seas and last of all the fewnesse and feeblenesse of our company wherein we had not left thirty sailers these causes being alleadged against me I could not well answere but resolued them plainely that to England I would neuer giue my consent to goe and that if they would not take such courses as I intended I was then determined that Shippe and all should sinke in the Seas together Vpon this they began to be more tractable and then I shewed them that I would beate for Saint Hellena and there either to make our selues happy by mending or ending This course in truth pleased none of them and yet seeing my determination and supposing it would be more danger to resist me then in seeming to be willing they were at quiet vntill I had beaten from 29. degrees to the Southward of the Aequator to 20. At which time finding that I was too far Northerly to haue good winde I called
what it cost and suddenly cloue his head therewith which his brother perceiuing ranne for his Rapier but the Indian women had stolne it away before and so they killed him also with their Bowes and Arrowes and three or foure Negroes which seemed to resist them and thereupon flied to the Mountaines gathering a great company vnto him promising them that if they would aide him against the Spaniards in Coro he would giue them the Spaniards wiues and daughters in marriage But before they put this conspieacie in practise Captaine Peroso by a Policie tooke him feasting among his fellowe and women and tooke thirtie with him and brought them all to Coro where they were to suffer death with great torments to terrifie the rest And of some they cut off the thumbes and cut the sinewes of their two fore-fingers whereby they wanted the benefit of â—hooting Our entertainment there was such that we could not desire to part from thâ—m to come into our owne Countrey without offending them For a Frigat being readie at Coro 〈◊〉 goe for Carthagena foure of vs made intreatie for passage which were Philip Glastocke Richarâ— Garret William Picks and my selfe Iohn Nicols for all the rest were in the Countrey vpon plâ—sure some in one place and some in another And when the ship was readie to depart they perâ—â—aded the Gouernour not to let vs goe For they told him that there were many ships of Hollandâ—on â—on the Coast and that if we went all in the Frigate we would betray it vnto them causing the Fathers of their Churches to tell vs That if we would stay wee should be as themselues arâ— they would willingly bestow both their daughters and their goods vpon vs. Yet notwithstanding all their allurements our desire was for our owne Countrey and so three of vs procured meâ—es for to goe and William Picks was stayed by meanes his Master told the Gouernour that foâ—e were to many to venter in the Frigat Thus we departed from Core about the twentieth of Aprill leauing all those with whom wee dwelt very sorrowfull for our departure who gaue vs great store of prouision for our Voyage They were very loth to let vs go to Carthagena for feare we should be put into the Gallies And the Gouernour of Coro himselfe wrote vnto the chiefe men of Carthagena in our commendation as to Don Pedro de Barres who was his Sonne in Law but it tooke small effect By the way wee touched at Santa Marta and watered there Within three dayes after we arriued at Carthagena we were committed to Prison by the Teniente for the Gouernour was dead not three dayes before we came in Yet we brought our Letter from Coro from one Sennor Gasper Sanchio Contador or in our behalfe to one Sennor Antonio Cambero who prooued a speciall good friend vnto vs. For we had not beene an houre in Prison but hee came to vs and comforted vs and bade vs not to feare for wee should not want any thing So he went to the Teniente and proffered three of his Negroes to set vs at libertie and if we made an escape he should haue those Negroes for his owne vse The worst of those Negroes was worth three hundred Duckets But hee would not neither would he allow vs any victuals But this Cambero sent vs euery day at noone one very good meales meate Also there were three Englishmen who serued as Mariners in one of the King of Spaines Gallions which carrie his Treasure which after that they were at Sea were by forcible tempest driuen back againe to Carthagena in a great danger to be sunk for she had twelue foot water in her Some escaped to Hauana and fiue of the richest ships were sunke on the shoalds betwixt Carthagena and Hauana These three Englishmen did allow vs twelue pence a day so long as wee remayned in Prison Euery Saturday the Teniente with his Alcaldies doe sit in iudgement within the Prison where the Teniente commanded that we should be sent to the Gallies Then one Alcaldie who was alwayes found to bee a fauourer of Englishmen whose name was Sennor Francisco Lopez de Moralis called for our Examination which when hee had perused hee told him that hee could not with Iustice commit vs. Who answered againe Then let them remayne in Prison vntill the Gallions come from Spaine for the treasure Within two moneths after a Deputie Gouernour was chosen vnto whom we framed a Petition which was deliuered by Iohn Frendgam whose answere was to him that if wee could procure any Spaniards to bayle vs for our forth comming we should be at libertie Which Sennor Francisco Lopez and Antonie Cambero no sooner heard but they entred into bond of a thousand Duckets for our forth comming And at our deliuery the Teniente told vs that although by order of Law they could iustly haue put vs to death yet seeing God had so miraculously saued vs and that we had endured so many miseries to saue our liues and that we came to them for succour and reliefe they were content to set vs at libertie So Francisco Lopez brought a discharge from the Gouernour to the Iaylour for our deliuery out of Prison and brought vs all three to his owne house where was prouided for euery one of vs a seuerall bed For the Countrey is so hot that we cannot lie but one in a bed Our entertainment was very great and all our seruices in plate with great varietie of meates and of all the most delicious Indian fruits and yet he thought we neuer fared well enough without hee sent vs one extraordinary dish or other from his owne Table Also many Gallauts resorted to his house to play at Cards who would bee very liberall vnto vs at their winning and would giue vs sixe or seuen pieces of Eight at a time There we continued vntill the Gallions were readie to goe for Spaine with the treasure then hee procured vs passage euery one in a seuerall ship And the day before wee embarked which was about the first of August there came two more of our company from Coro which were Miles Pet and Richard Ferne who were both placed with Philip Glastocke in the shippe called Saint Baotholomew Richard Garret went in the ship called La Madre de Dios and my selfe in the Santa Cruz. So we were a moneth in sayling to Hauana where wee stayed another moneth to trimme the ships The Gouernour there was Don Pedro de Valdes Prisoner in England 1588. So we liued all on shoare with eighteene pence a day for our diet and about the end of September departed leauing that shippe wherein Philip Glastocke Miles Pet and Richard Ferne were with another ship called the Saint Vincent for want of prouision of bread We shot the channell of Florida in eight dayes against the winde and came along by the I le of Bermuda and were nine weekes in sayling betweene Hauana and the Coast of Spaine The tempests and stomes which
too great for so few shâ—ps of no greater burden was in all fourscore and seuenteene whereof threescore were Land-men Being thus imbarked wee set saile from the Rainge at Dartmouth the said three and twentieth of March but the winde altering vpon a sudden put vs backe againe that euening and about two of the clocke the next morning it comming better for vs we weighed anchor and put to Sea the euening following we lost sight of the Lizzard and steered away for the Canaries The seuenth day of Aprill we fell with Alegranza and Lancerote two Ilands of the Canaries we stood in with Alegranza and came to anchor on the South-west side thereof that euening and the next day I landed my companie to exercise their limmes on shoare in this Iland wee found no Inhabitants nor fresh water neither fruitfull Tree Plant Herbe Grasse nor any thing growing that was good onely an abundance of vnwholsome Sea-fowle which after one meale were vnsauourie and distastefull and a few wilde Capritos or wilde Goats which the craggy Rocks defended from our hands and hungrie mouthes The eighth of Aprill we departed from Alegranza and directed our course for Tenerife another of the Ilands The eleuenth day I sent the Pinnasse and the Shallop to water at the Calmes and there to attend my comming but with my ship I held my course for Orotauo a Towne on the other side of the Iland in hope to get some wine amongst the Merchants there but not being able by reason of a contrarie winde to double Punta de Nega wee altered our course from Wine to Water And the twelfth day wee passed by Santa Cruz and watered that euening at the Calmes This watering place is very conuenient for all such as passe by those Ilands and is thus to bee found there is a woodden Crosse neere vnto it the high Pike of Tenerife beareth due North from it There is also a ledge of Rocks to the Eastward of the landing place which is a short Sandie Bay When you are landed you shall finde the place about fortie or fiftie yards from the Sea side Then we stood on our course for the Riuer of Wiapoco in Guiana hauing a prosperous winde faire weather and a smooth Sea The ninth day of May wee fell into the Current of the great and famous Riuer of Amazones which putteth out into the Sea such a violent and mightie streame of fresh water that being thirtie leagues from land we drunke thereof and found it as fresh and good as in a Spring or Poole This Riuer for the great and wonderfull breadth contayning at the mouth neere sixtie leagues is rightly termed by Iosephus Acosta the Empresse and Queene of all Flouds and by Hiâ—ronymus Giraua Tarraconensis it is said to bee the greatest not onely of all India but also of the whole world and for the greatnesse is called of many the Sweet Sea It riseth and floweth from the Mountaines of Peru and draweth out her streames in many windings and turnings vnder the Equinoctiall for the space of one thousand and fiue hundred leagues and more although from her Fountaines and Springs vnto the Sea it is but sixe hundred When we entred into the aforesaid Current we sounded and had fortie foure fathome water sandie sounding The tenth day the colour of the water changed and became muddie whitish and thicke then we sounded againe at noone and had thirtie fathome and seuenteene at foure in the afternoone The eleuenth day at eight of the clocke in the morning wee made land the vttermost Point thereof bearing West from vs and came to anchor in fiue fathom water At night the Patience putting in to neere the shoare came to anchor in two fathome and a halfe water vpon the floud which fell from her vpon the ebbe and left her drie vpon the Oaze and the next floud comming in did so shake and beate her against the ground that before shee could get off her rudder was beaten away and her ribs so rent and crased that if Almightie God had not preserued her shee had beene wrackt but God be thanked with much adoe shee came off into deeper water and mended her Rudder as well as the time and place would afford means Then we followed on our course coasting along to the North North-west the Land so trending It is very shoale all along this Coast the ground soft oaze but no danger to be feared keeping our ship in fiue fathom water When we came to the latitude of two degrees and a halfe wee anchored in a goodly Bay by certaine Ilands called Carripapoory I did at that time forbeare to make particular discouerie of this Coast intending if God spare me life to make a perfect discouerie of the famous Riuer of Amazones and of her seuerall branches and Countries bordering vpon it and of all this tract of land from the Amazones vnto the Riuer of Wiapoco which contayneth many goodly Prouinces and Signiories which are in this discourse but briefly mentioned For at this time I purposed onely to prosecute my first proiect which hastened me vnto another place From hence I stood along the Coast and the seuenteenth of May I came to anchor in the Bay of Wiopoco where the Indians came off vnto vs in two or three Canoes as well to learne of what Nation we were as also to trade with vs who vnderstanding that we were English men boldly came aboard vs one of them could speake our language well and was knowne to some of my companie to be an Indian that sometime had beene in England and serued Sir Iohn Gilbert many yeeres they brought with them such dainties as their Countrie yeeldeth as Hens Fish Pinas Platanaes Potatoes bread of Cassaui and such like cates which were heartily welcome to my hungrie companie In recompence whereof I gaue them Kniues Beades Iewes trumps and such toyes which well contented them But when I had awhile entertayned them and made known vnto them the rerurne of the Indian Martin their Countriman whom I brought with mee out of England they seemed exceeding ioyfull supposing that he had beene dead being aboue foure yeeres since he departed from them The Indian before mentioned to haue serued Sir Iohn Gilbert whose name was Iohn whilest he liued for he is now dead and dyed a Christian was a great helpe vnto vs because hee spake our language much better then either of those that I brought with mee and was euer firme and faithfull to vs vntill his death By him I vnderstood that their Towne was situate vpon the East side of the Hill in the mouth of Wiapoco and was called Caripo that the Indian Martin was Lord thereof and that in his absence his brother was chiefe Moreouer hee certified mee that the principall Indian of that Riuer was called Carasana who by good fortune was then at Caripo and so hauing spent some time in other conference and friendly entertainment they tooke their
leaue and departed for that time I sent one of my companie with them to giue notice to Carasana and the rest of the Indians of Caripo that I had brought home their Country-man Martin whom they all thought to bee dead and another of their Nation also who had kindred and friends amongst them to desire him to come aboard my ship and to bring with him the principall Indians of Caripo that I might declare vnto them the cause of my comming into their Countrie and conferre with them of other matters intended for their good The next day I came into the Riuer of Wiapoco and anchored ouer against the Sandy Bay The day following the Indians came aboard as I had desired and brought vs good siore of their Countrie prouision Carasana and one or two more of them were attyred in old clothes which they had gotten of certaine English men who by the direction of Sir Walter Raleigh had traded there the yeere before the rest were all naked both men and women and this I obserued amongst them that although the better sort of men especially the Yaios doe couer their priuities by wearing ouer them a little peece of cotton cloth pretily wouen after their manner yet did I neuer see any of their women couered in any part either aboue or beneath the waste albeit they daily conuersed amongst vs but were all as the plaine prouerb is euen starke belly naked At their comming aboard my ship first Carasana as the principall amongst them and after him the rest saluted and welcommed vs after their rude manner I vsed them with all curtesie and entertayned them as well as the straight roome would giue me leaue giuing them good store of Aquauitae which they loue exceedingly I presented to their view their two Countrimen Martin the Lord of their Towne and Anthonie Canabre who was a Christian and had liued in England fourteene yeers both which I had brought home vnto them when they beheld them and after salutations and some conference knew to bee the same persons whom they supposed had beene long since dead they expressed much ioy and contentment and vnderstanding from their owne mouthes how well I had vsed them they seemed to be better pleased with our comming and when their rude salutations to their new-come Countrimen were ended I tooke them apart and thus declared the cause of my comming First I brought to their remembrance the exploits performed by Sir Walter Raleigh in their Countrie in the reigne of our late Soueraigne Queene Elizabeth when to free them from seruitude he most worthily vanquished the Spaniards at Trinidado burned their Towne tooke their Gouernour Don Anthonio de Berreo prisoner deliuered fiue of the Indian Kings imprisoned and bound by the necke with collers of Iron and with great labour and perill discouered the Riuer of Orenoque and the Countries adioyning as farre as the Prouince of Aromaya the Countrie of Topiawary and the Riuer of Caroli beyond it And that their Countrimen called the Orenoqueponi who are the borderers of Orenoque did then most willingly submit and render themselues vnder the subiection of the late Queene all which they well remembred and said that Sir VValter Raleigh promised to haue returned againe vnto them long since Then I excused his not returning according to his promise by reason of other imployments of great importance imposed vpon him by the late Queene shewing them moreouer that when he could not for that cause returne himselfe hee sent Captaine Keymis to visit them and to bring him true intelligence of their estate supposing that hee had left no Spaniards behinde him at Trinidado of power to molest them to the end that reliefe and aide might bee prepared for them according to their necessities and oppression of their enemies Then I told them of the death of the late Queene whereby that businesse of theirs was againe hindered Moreouer I declared vnto them that our gracious Soueraigne Lord King Iames who now reigneth ouer vs being the onely right and lawfull Heire and Successor to the Crowne and Dignitie of the Realme of England after the death of the late Queene was throughout the whole Land proclaymed King of England and so comming to reigne ouer vs hath beene euer since busied in ordering the State and affaires of the Kingdome which being by his great wisedome setled in tranquillitie and peace like a good gracious and worthy King doth now permit his Subiects to trauell abroad into forraine Countries and Nations to aide and assist all such as are vniustly molested by their enemies Whereupon I and the rest of these worthy Gentlemen my associates and friends hauing intelligence by some that had beene followers of Captaine Charles Lee who was a man well knowne amongst them and heretofore had taken possession of their Countrie to his Majesties vse and was planted diuers yeeres in Wiapoco where hee lyeth buried of the great variance and discord depending betweene them the allied Nations the Yaios Arwaccas Sappaios and Paragontos and their enemies the Charibes all inhabiting betweene the Riuers of Amazones and Dessequebe haue made a long and dangerous voyage into those parts to appease their dissentions and defend them against the Charibes or other enemies that shall molest or oppresse them and now being there arriued doe intend to make search in those Countries for conuenient places where such of our Nation as shall hereafter come to defend them may be fitly seated to dwell amongst them that if any of those Nations shall attempt at any time to disturbe the quiet liuing of their Neighbours they may haue store of English friends at hand and amongst them that will not spare their paines to appease their discords nor their liues to defend them from harme When I had thus declared vnto them the cause of my comming they made this answere that with our comming they were well pleased but our number of men they thought too great that they wanted meanes to prouide vs bread sufficient for them all hauing but a small Towne few Gardens and slender prouision for their owne companies because since Captaine Lee his death and his mens departure from them they neuer made prouision for any strangers I replyed that albeit their Towne was small and their Gardens few for the grounds wherein they plant their Cassaui whereof they make their bread they call their Gardens yet their Countrie was full of Inhabitants and had store of Gardens to supply our wants of bread and was plentifully stored with other prouisions sufficient for a greater number which I desired might be weekely brought vnto vs as neede required for that I meant not to take it without recompence but would giue them for it such commodities as should well please them which they wanted as Axes Hatchets Kniues Beades Looking-glasses Iewes trumps and such like things wherein they most delight Then they desired to consult amongst themselues which I permitted and expected their answere
and carrie them to their plowings and to all kind of labours on their backes through cold and heate and they carrie them like the Gâ—pâ—ies stradling about their hips they giue them no manner of correction that their children may not crie They haue manie Southsayings for they put Cotton-clothes vpon their head birds teathers and stickes they lay them one the palmes of their hands and rocke them by them that they may grow They esteeme more to doe good to their children then to themselues and now they esteeme and loue the Fathers verie much because they bring them vp they teach them to reade write and cipher and singing and to play on an Instrument a thing which they doe much esteeme When any guest doth come to the house the honour and entertainment they make him is to bewaile him Now the guest being come into the house they set him in the Net after he is set without speaking any word to him the wife and the daughters and the other friends do sit them downe round about him with their haire loose touching with the hand the partie they all beginne to weepe with a high voice and great abundance of teares and there they tell in a versified prose all things that haue happened since they saw one another to that houre and manie other which they inuent and the troubles that the guest hath suffered in his journie and all things else that may prouoke pitie and teares The guest all this time speaketh not one word but after they haue bewailed him a good while thy wipe the teares and remaine so quiet so modest so pleasant and merrie that it seemeth they neuer wept and then they salute one another and giue their Ereiupe or welcome and they bring him meate c. And after these Ceremonies ended the guest telleth wherefore he commeth The men likewise bewaile one another but it is in some weightie matters as deaths misfortunes in wars c. They hold it for a great courtesie to entertaine all men and to giue them all things necessarie for their sustenance and some gifts as Bowes Arrowes Birds Feathers and other things according to their pouertie without any kind of reward These Gentiles doe accustome to drinke the smoake of Petigma by another name the holy herbe this they drie and make of a Palme-tree leafe a Coffin like the joint of a Cane and filled with this herbe they fire it at the small end putting the biggest in their mouth and so they sucke or drinke that smoake and they hold it for a great daintie and fauour and lying in their Nets they spend part of the daies and of the nights to some it doth much hurt and maketh them dizzie and drunke to others it doth much good and maketh them voide a great deale of fiegme at the mouth The women also doe drinke it but they are such as are old and sickly for it is verie medicinable vnto them especially for the cough the head-ache and the Disease of the stomacke and hence come a great manie of the Portugals to drinke it and haue taken it for a vice or for idlenesse imitating the Indians to spend daies and nights about it This Nation hath no monie where with to satisfie the seruices that are done to them but they liue with bartering one thing for another and principally in change of wine they doe all that they will and so when they haue any businesse they make wines and aduising the Neighbours and assembling all the Towne they desire them to helpe them in their Husbandrie which they doe with a good will and labouring till tenne of the clocke they returne home againe to drinke their wines and if that day their tillage be not ended they make other wines and so goe another day till ten of the clocke to make an end of their businesse And in this sort doe the wise White men or Portugals vse that know the vse and fashions of the Indians and how much they do for wine they make wines for them and call them to their Husbandries and to their Sugar-canes and with this they pay them They vse also ordinarily to change some things for white beades which are made of Wilkes and in change of some Nosegaies they giue euen their wiues and this is the ransome wherewith they vse ordinarily that is the White men for to buy of them the slaues as well men as women that they haue for to eate These Indians vse ordinarily chiefly in their Feasts Collars which they make of Wilkes Diademes of Feathers and certaine Brooches that is stones which they put in their lower lip some greene white some blue and verie fine and are like Emeralds or Christall they are round and some of them so long that they reach to their breasts and it is ordinarily among the great and principall men to haue them of a span or more in lenght They vse also white Bracelets of the same Wilkes and they put in their eares certain white stones of a span long and more and these and other like are the ornaments wherewith they adorne themselues in their Feasts whether they be of slaughters of the enemies or of wines and these are the Riches that they esteeme aboue all that they possesse These Indians doe vse to intreate their Wiues well they neuer strike them neither quarrell with them except in the time of their drinkings for then ordinarily they reuenge themselues of them giuing for an excuse afterward it was the wine they had drunke and then they are friends as before and the hatreds betweene them last not long They goe alwaies together and when they goe abroad the woman commeth behind and the man before that if any ambush bee laid the wife may not fall into it and may haue time to flie while the Husband fighteth with his aduersarie c. But at their returning home from their fields or from any other place the wife commeth before and the Husband behinde that if any mischance shall happen the wife may flie home and the Husband fight with the enemies or any other thing But in a safe Countrie and within the Townes the wife alwaies goeth before and the Husband behind for they are verie jealous and will haue alwaies their wife in sight Though they be melancholike they haue their Games especially the children verie diuers and pleasant in the which they counterfeit manie kinds of Birds and with so great feast and order as may be And the children are joyfull and giuen to play and they play with such quietnesse and friendship that among them is no bad name heard or any scurrilitie or calling any nickname one to anothers Father or Mother and seldome doe they disagree when they play nor disorder themselues for any thing and verie seldome doe they strike or fight one with another The Fathers doe teach them from their cradles to dance and sing and their dancings are not sundrie changes but
ended by the women Moussacat that is the Master of the Familie being busily employed in making of an Arrow casts not so much as his eyes for a certaine time vpon the Guest as if hâ— marked nothing At length comming vnto the Guest hee speaketh vnto him in these words Ere Ioube that is Are you come then how doe you what seeke you c. After hee demandeth whether you be hungrie if you grant that you are presently he commandeth meates of diuers kindes to be set before you in earthen vessels to wit Meale which with them supplieth the place of bread Venison Fowle Fish and other things of that kinde but because there is no vse with them for Tables and Benches all those things are set on the ground As touching Drink if you desire Cao-uin that it be in the house it shall presently be giuen you Lastly after the women haue stoutly solemnized the comming of the Guests with weeping they come vnto them bringing Fruits and other trifling Presents and so secretly demand Coâ—bes Looking-glasses and little Beades of glasse which they winde about their armes Moreouer if you will lodge all night in that Village the Moussacat commandeth a very neat and cleane bed to be hanged vp for you round about which he will cause smal fires to be kindled and often quickned in the night with Bellows which they call Tatapecoua not much vnlike the little round Fannes wherewith the nicer and more delicate sort of women with vs defend the scorching of fire from their faces Not because that Countrie is subiect vnto cold but by reason of the moisture of the night and especially because it is their vsuall manner Now seeing we haue chanced to mention Fire which they call Tata and Smoake Tatatin I thinke it needfull that I declare the excellent manner of kindling the same They haue two kindes of wood whereof the one is very soft but the other very hard which they vse after this manner to kindle fire They sharpen a twig of a foot long of that hard wood at the one end like a Spindle and sticke the point thereof in any piece of that soft wood then laying it on the ground or vpon a stocke they turne that twig swiftly about with the palmes of their hands as if they would pierce an hole through the piece of wood which lieth vnder Through that so swift and violent motion smoake is not onely raised but also fire putting Cotton vnto it or certaine drie leaues in stead of our Countrie tinder fire is very aptly ingendred whereof I my selfe haue made triall After that the Guests haue refreshed themselues with meate and lodged after the manner which we haue declared if they be liberall they vse to giue vnto the men Kniues Scizzers and Pinsers fit for the plucking out of the haires of their beards to the women Combes and Looking-glasses and to the children Fish-hookes But if the Guest want victuals when he hath agreed of the price he may carrie them away Moreouer because they want all kinde of beasts of burden they are all of necessitie to trauell on foot If Strangers bee wearie and giue a Knife to any of the Barbarians he presently offereth his helpe to carrie him that is wearie I my selfe when I liued in those Countries was diuers times carried by those Porters and that surely two miles iourney together And if wee admonished them to rest a little they laughed at vs with these words What Thinke you that wee are so effeminate or of so weake a courage that wee should faint and lie downe vnder our burden I would rather carrie you all the day without any intermission But we breaking out into laughter wondered at those two legged Hackneyes and encouraging them said let vs therefore proceed on the way They exercise naturall charitie abundantly among themselues for they daily giue one vnto another both Fish Meale and Fruits and also other things nay they would be very sorrie if they saw their neighbours want those things which they haue They also vse the like liberalitie towards Strangers whereof it shall be sufficient to bring one example In the tenth Chapter of this Booke I made mention of a certaine danger which my selfe and two other Frenchmen escaped to wit that we were in great perill of death by reason of an huge Lizard which met vs in the way at that time wee wandred two dayes through the middle of the Woods out of the way and indured no meane hunger and at length came vnto a certaine Village called Pauo where wee had lodged before There wee were most liberally entertained by the Barbarians For hauing heard the troubles which wee had suffered and specially the great danger wherein we were that we were likely to haue beene deuoured by wilde beasts but chiefly that wee were in danger to bee slaine by the Margaiates our common enemies neere vnto whose borders wee approached vnawares and seeing also the hurts and scratches of thornes wherewith our skâ—n was miserably rent they tooke our harmes so grieuously that I may here truly affirme that the faigned flatteries wherewith our Countrie people vse to comfort the distressed are farre from the sincere humanitie of that Nation which we call Barbarous For they washed our feet with cleare water which put me in minde of the ancient custome euery one of vs sitting apart vpon an hanging Bed Then the Masters of the Families who had alreadie prouided meates to be prepared for vs and caused new Meale to be ground which as I elsewhere said is nothing inferiour vnto the crumme of white bread in goodnesse presently after wee had beene a little refreshed commanded all the best meates to wit Venison Fowle Fish and the most exquisite and choicest Fruits wherewith they continually abound to bee set before vs. Moreouer the night approching the Moussacat our Host remoueth all the children from vs that wee might the more quietly rest The next day after early in the morning he commeth vnto vs and demandeth goe to Atourassap that is dearly beloued Confederates haue you quietly rested this night wee answered very quietly Then saith he my sonnes rest your selues yet a while for yesterday I perceiued that you were very wearie To be briefe I am not able to expresse with words how friendly and curteously wee were entertained But wee neuer trauelled farre from home without a Sachell full of Merchandises which might serue vs in stead of money among those Barbarians Departing therefore thence we gaue our Hosts what wee thought good to wit Kniues Sizzers Pinsers to the men Combes Looking-glasses Bracelets and glassen Beades to the women and Fish-hookes to the children I one day turned out of the way to lodge in a certaine Village and was requested by my Moussacat to shew him what I had in my Sachell who commanded a great earthen vessell to bee brought wherein to put my merchandises I tooke them all out and set them in order
hundred men of the Carios but of the enemies almost innumerable were slaine for there was so great a multitude of them that they spread almost a whole league in length But the Carios sending a messenger to the towne where we were earnestly entreated our Generall that they would come with some supply of Souldiers to helpe them for the Maigenos had so beset them round in a wood that they could neither goe forward nor returne backe againe Which when our Generall vnderstood he presently commandeth the Horses to be made ready and to send away and dispatch one hundred and fiftie Christians but of the Carios assembled a thousand men leauing the rest of the Souldiers in the tents to guard them that wee being absent the Maigenos our enemies might inuade them We went forth therefore with this force to wit the said horse one hundred and fiftie Christians and one thousand Carios to helpe the Carios our friends But so soone as the Maigenos perceiued our comming remouing their tents they committed themselues to flight and albeit we pursued them with as much speede as wee could yet could we neuer ouer take them Returning therefore to our tents we abode there three daies for we had found in this towne of the Maiegenos great plentie of foode and other things Hauing trauailed a continuall iourney of thirteene daies that is to say in our iudgement and theirs who are skilfull in the celestiall motions two and fiftie leagues we came to a Nation whose people are called Carcokies and hauing trauailed further the space of nine daies we came into a certaine little Countrie sixe leagues long and broad which was all so thicke ouerspread with excellent Salt as if it had â—owed Salt in great abundance and this Salt is not corrupted winter nor summer We rested two daies in this Salt Countrie going forward at length after foure daies iourney we came to the foresaid Nation Carcokies But when we were yet foure leagues from their towne our Generall sent fiftie Christians fiftie Carios to prouide vs lodgings Hauing entred the towne we found such an innumerable multitude of men gathered together as in all this iourney we had not seene the like wherefore being very pensiue and carefull aboue measure sending a messenger presently backe vnto our Generall who taking his iourney the very same euening came vnto vs betweene three and foure of the clocke in the morning But the Carcokies supposing there had bin no more men there then we whom they had seene before had now promised themselues the victorie But when they vnderstood that our Generall followed vs with a greater force they were very sad and sorrowfull and performed all friendly offices and kindenesse vnto vs for they could doe none other seeing they were afraid of their wiues children and their towne They brought vs therefore flesh of Deere Geese Hens Sheepe Estridges Conies and whatsoeuer else of this kinde of Venison and also of Birds they had also Turkish Come Wheate Rise and certaine Rootes of all which things there was great plentie in this Countrie The men of this Countrie weare a blew stone in their lippes as broad as a Dye Their weapons are Darts the staues of Speares and round Targets made ef the skins of the Indian Sheepe called Amidas Their women haue a little hole in their lips in the which they put Christall either of a greene or blew colour they haue garments of Cotten like to a shirt but without sleeues they are beautifull enough they doe nothing else but spinne and order things appertaining to the houshold for tillage of the ground and other things necessarie for the maintenance of the familie are looked vnto by the men 48. When we had gone three daies iourney from this towne we came to a certaine Riuer called Machcasies a league and a halfe broad and when we saw not how we might passe safely ouer without danger at length we found out this meanes that for euery two persons wee should make a Boate of twigs and timber whereon being carried downe the Riuer they might come to the other side of the banke but in this passage foure of our men were drowned This Riuer hath most sauourie Fish Many Tygars also are found about these places and this Riuer is but foure leagues onely distant from the towne Machcasies The Inhabitants comming forth to meete vs entertained vs curteously speaking to vs in the Spanish tongue whereat being astonished and sore afraid at the first wee demanded of them to what Lord they were subiect and who was their supreame Gouernour They therefore answered vs and our Captaine that they were subiect to a certaine Noble man in Spaine whose name was Petro Ausuetes Entring into this Towne we found certaine men and women and little Infants also swarming with very little vermin like our fleas These little vermin if they lay hold of the toes of the feete or any other part of the body they gnaw and enter alwaies more and more deepely in and at length become wormes such as are found in our filberds yet if it be done in time this mischiefe may be preuented that it shall not hurt but if deferring the cure it be neglected at length by eating and gnawing it consumeth and corrupteth whole toes From the often named Citie of the Assumption of Mary to this Towne are numbered according to the account of the Astronomers three hundred seuentie two leagues And when we had staied there about twentie daies a Letter was brought vs from a Citie of the Kingdome of Peru called Lima where the Viceroy or Lieutenant of Caesars Maiestie who at that time was Liecutiatus Lagasca had an house The Letter contained that our Generall Martin Don Fiottas should goe no further forward vpon paine of death but abiding in the Towne Machcasies should expect his further commandement But after this our Generall sent away foure persons to the Gonernor to Peru. These foure persons iournying sixe weekes in Peru came first to that Nation called Potasi next to another called Rueskem The third Nation to which they came was called Plata and the fourth which was the Metropolis or the chiefe Citie was called Lima. 49. This also is worthie of obseruation That the Countrie of Machcasies is so fruitfull that we neither found not saw any like it in fruitfulnesse in all this our Iourney For if an Indian going forth into the Wood make an hole or a cleft in the first tree that commeth to hand smiting an Hatchet into it fiue or sixe measures of so pure Honie flowe out as if it were sweete Wine or Muskadell The Bees that make this Honie are without stings and are very small This Honie being eaten with Bread or mingled with other food yeeldeth pleasant meate They make also Drinke thereof or Wine of the same taste that Muskadell hath but sweeter Our Generall Eyollas so wrought with the people that wee could stay no longer here
mile of the Sea and in some other places a league off from the Sea The same Loma is in breadth in some places halfe a league and in other places a league which is the greatest breadth that it beareth Betweene this Loma de Camana and the Sea is nothing growing but barren sands and stones And within the said Loma is also barren for the space of eight or ten leagues And in all the said circuit both of the Loma and from it to the Sea and also in towards the land the said distance of eight or ten leagues in neuer raineth But farder into the Land where the hils and mountaines are there it raineth and sometimes snoweth A di 24. Luglio 1581. Alessandro Orsino Romano antico dico che son de tempo de cinquanta vno agnos Io son stado Trenta quatro agnos nel regno del Peru e ho caminado todo el regno CHAP. IX Notes of the West Indies gathered out of PEDRO ORDONNES de Ceuallos a Spanish Priest his larger obseruations SAnta Fe de Bogota is the Mother Citie of the New Kingdome of Granada an Archbishops See and of the Chamber Muso is subiect to it where is store of the best Emeralds taken out of a rocke which a long time cannot waste The fifth thereof is of inestimable value to the King An Indian found there a stone which was sent to King Phillip and his daughter Clara Eugenia the price whereof was aboue all price nor could the Goldsmiths value it In Saint Iuan de los llanos are men with white faces In all the Kingdome the townes are very frequent There are aboue 14000. Negros which worke in the Mines there In Quito two things are deere Wine which is worth eight Rials a quart if brought from Lima and twelue from Spaine and Asses of which one hath beene worth 1500. Pesos and that for the store of Mares in those parts It is a prouerbe What is dearest in Quito An Asse In Lima no houses are couered with roofes bee they neuer so large because they neuer haue raine No Citie in India is richer then it Out of Potosi are yeerely gathered great treasures Ouer the top of this Mountaine alway hangs a cloud euen in the cleerest dayes as it were marking and pointing out the riches thereof It riseth in forme of a Pyramis three leagues high enuironed with cold ayre At the foot is the Citie Potosi inhabited by twentie thousand Spanish men and ten thousand women as many Negroes and foure thousand Indians Within six leagues about is no pasture of grasse so that to it Wood and Corne are brought from other places The entrance and Myne-workes are so dangerous what they which goe in vse to take the Sacrament of the Altar as if they went to their death because few returne The Earle of Villar made a proclamation that all the Indians should haue leaue and libertie to labour in this Myne and to haue foure Rialls a day for each mans worke which they were before forced to doe for nothing since which the King hath receiued greater profit The King receiueth thence yeerely eight or ten millions of Siluer The metalls lie two hundred Stades or mans heights beneath the earth Raine is very needfull for the Myne-workes which vsually falls about Christmasse Then the President of Charcas comes thither as also to haue care of the Quick-siluer that in Februarie and March they may be readie for Lima. Chile hath two Bishoprickes of Chile and Saint Iago It brings forth the fruits of Castile greater then Spaine it sâ—lfe There are many Gold Mynes if the Auracan Indians could be compelled to the workes which doe our men great harmes I went into Chile from Peru and thence returned to Quito Mexico is as great as Siuill There dwell in it three thousand Spaniards many more women two hundred thousand Indians twentie thousand Negros The Natiues are capable of Arts and Discipline They very much honour Priests Monkes and Regulars and when the Bell rings to Sermon the Indian Boyes run vp and downe the streets crossing their fore-heads When they goe out of the Church they cry Blessed be our Lord Iesus Christ and blessed bee his Mother Saint Marie the Priest answeres For euer and they Amen They are liberall Almes-giuers to mee saying Masse I remember they gaue an hundred Duckets D. Martin Cortez Marquesse of the Vallie was author of this reuerence to Priests by his owne example which would stand still bare headed till a Priest were past and sometimes would goe forth to meet him and kisse his hand In New Spaine is such store of cattell that one man often kills one thousand Beeues and as many Goates and sends their hides into Spaine The Magurie tree or Cabuya yeelds Wine Vineger Hony Beds Threads Needles out of the prickles of the leaues Tables and hafts of Kniues besides many medicinable vses From Mexico to Acapulpo the Hauen on the South Sea are ninetie leagues and well inhabited The Vice-roy is President at the Court at Lima and Gouernor and Captaine Generall of that Territory and of Charcas and Quito He hath fortie thousand Duckets salary and the charges of Warre are paid by the King The Territory of Lima containeth in circuit three hundred leagues Callao is the Port two leagues from Lima the chiefe in all the South Sea where the Vice-roy vseth to abide much for furnishing the Fleets which carry the treasure The Mynes of Oruto are giuen ouer for want of Qâ—ick-siluer or as some say lest the Inhabitants of Potosi should remoue thither Guacouelica hath rich Siluer Mynes which yeerely yeeld eight thousand Quintals But some Mountaines falling haue stopped the mynings Saint Francis of Quito is vnder the line very temperate three hundred leagues from Lima. There is a Chancery Bishop Deane and Vniuersitie The Territory of this Court extends two hundred and sixtie leagues Neere the Citie are many burning Hills There is a twofold gouernment in the Indies one of Spaniards which is the same with that of Spaine the other of Indians The Spaniards in these parts neither plow the ground nor worke in the Mynes especiall there where they are accounted gentlemen Scarcesly shal you find any Spanish youth which will betake himselfe to the seruice of any man except the Vice-roy They trade with Merchandise are set ouer the Kings Rents Garrisons and Myners The Indians are base minded They solemnize the Feasts of the Sacrament Easter and Midsomerday with Dances Musicke Processions and in the Temples religiously On Mandy Thursday they are all chastised In guilds they are obseruant On a certaine day they are compelled to render account of all their goods and possessions They procure Masses at Funeralls They are generally wittie liers and strong drinkers They will drinke two or three dayes together closly and sometimes a whole weeke Their Feasts are like the Negros with songs and dances With
their Daggers as also they sloe all the Captains friends and they made a great crie saying Liue the King liue the King wherwith all the Campe was in an vprore Then Lope de Agira made vnto the Souldiers a long Oration got them all to consent with him some by force some because they durst not say to the contrarie and others with their good will in the end they all agreed vnto his determined purpose So they made the gentleman their head and Lope de Agire was made Captaine this done and because the people should the better hold their opinion hee did as great a villanie as euer any Spaniard did for hee made an Altar on which hee and all the Souldiers did denie their seruice vnto the King of Spaine and so as people without a King they chose the said Don Fernando to be their King and did vnto him homage These matters being finished they agreed among themselues which should be the best way for them to goe to Peru for they could not goe vp the Riuer from whence they came for the great currant and also if they should goe thorough the land they should be very weake for want of Horsemen therefore they determined to goe downe the Riuer Then said this Lope de Agire that they would carry nothing with them but the Pinnaces and Souldiers which should fight and that it were best to leaue behinde them all the Indians that they brought from Peru with the women and sicke men vnto which their Generall Don Fernando would not agree for that he knew that when they were gone the people of the Countrie would kill them all Lope de Agire hearing this and longing to be chiefe Gouernour himselfe ouer all and taking vnto him thirtie of his owne Countrie men of his own disposition he sodainly killed Don Fernando whom not twentie daies before hee had sworne to obey But now by his subtile working and being withall eloquent in his talke he caused the people to make himselfe Gouernour and made the people beleeue that all these cruelties were done to saue themselues but the tyrannie of this man did not end here he was of the Countrie of Bisca a land ioyning vnto France therefore I rather beleeue that he was a Frenchman then a Spaniard for that in the heart of a Spaniard there is not so much crueltie as this man had Now he being ready to goe his way he determined not to carrie with him any Gentleman or other of high degree and therefore hee slew all those which hee did know to be of high degree or Gentlemen and then departed onely with the common Souldiers and left behinde him all the Spanish women and sicke men with all other creatures If I should rehearse all the cruell murders of this wicked man one by one I should be ouer much tedious vnto you onely I say in as few words as I may that this man proceeded downe the Riuer and had with him onely foure hundred men but before he passed this Riuer and came to Margareta he had no more left but two hundred and thirtie men for the rest hee had done to death and left ashore among the people of the Countrie he vsed this tirannie because hee alwaies stood in feare of his life for that if he had seene but two Souldiers talke together hee thought that he had alwaies consulted on his death and therefore hee vsed the order aboue said now he neuer went any way but that they had in his companie thirtie Biscains of his owne will and minde for to execute his cruell desire As these Souldiers with their Captaine came downe the Riuer they saw many Canoas with Gold in them going to and fro and people on both sides the Riuer where in their passage many times they landed and got good store of Gold and victuals Now did they see also that which Oryllana had reported which was that there were Amazones women that fight in the warre with Bowes and Arrowes but these women fight to helpe their husbands and not by them selues as Orillana reported from the company of men there were of these women in diuers parts of the Riuer and saw the Spaniards fight with their husbands and came and helped them and shewed themselues more valiant then their husbands and therefore is named the Riuer of the Amazones the Spaniards intent onely was to passe downe the Riuer and therefore neuer sought to know the Countrie within the land yet tooke they good store of Gold and put it into one of the Pinnaces where he went himselfe which Pinnace at the mouth of the Riuer was cast away but he himselfe escaped because as yet he had not made an end of his bloudie minde But comming to the Iland of Margareta the Gouernour thereof thought he had beene one of the Kings Captaines receiued him with Pinnaces and brought to him good store of victuals but he put him to death presently and landed on the Ilands and tooke it and two Shippes that were in the Ilands and tooke perforce one hundred and fiftie men to goe with him and others that went willingly with good store of victuals and many Horses and then returned to the maine land saying that with his small force hee would subdue the whole Indies thinking that all the old Souldiers and poore people in seeing of him would all turne to his side and take his part and so hee went deceiued in his owne conceit for he had not gone two dayes Iourney vp in the Land when the Captaine of new Granado came against him with a power of men but Lope de Agire hoping that the other Souldiers would haue come all vnto him whereby his strength might bee the more but hee was deceiued for his owne men left him and tooke the Kings Captaines part Now seeing himselfe destitute of his Souldiers and voide of all helpe he then shewed himselfe more cruell then did the tyrant Nero for this man killed his owne daughter being but sixteene yeeres of age which he brought with him from Peru for that she should not be made the bed of Villains nor be called the daughter of a Traitor these words he vsed vnto her after he had giuen her her deaths wound but before hee could finish this cruell deed the Souldiers came vpon him and cuchim in pieces yet his daughter did die of her wound in that place and thus you haue heard the euill end of this cruell man for hee was the cause likewise that the King would neuer suffer to haue this Riuer discouered so that the riches resteth to this day vnknowne that is in this Riuer Now hauing ended with this Riuer of Marannon all the Coast between this Riuer and the Riuer of Plate is called the Coast of Brasill taking the name of the wood in the Countrie which is called Brasill wood for there is great store of it Brasill was first found by Pedro Arnales Cabrall in the second time that
off any or no he puffed to the Idoll in signe of adoration and offering this they did not to their Kings but only to their Idols or Trees or places where the Deuill gaue answeres Their Priests and Witches did the like when they went into their corners or secret places to conferre with the Deuill This I dolatry I haue also seene them performe The Priests of the house of the Sunne in Cozco were all Incas of the Royall bloud for other seruice of the Temple were Incas of those which were such by priuiledge They had a High or Chiefe Priest which was Vncle or Brother to the King or atleast legitimate of the bloud The Priests had no peculiar Vestment In other Prouinces where were Temples which were many the Natiues were Priests the Kinsmen of the Lords of those Countries notwithstanding the principall Priest or Bishop as it were was to bee an Inca that so they might hold conformitie of Rites with the Metropolitan for in all preeminent Offices of Peace or Warre they had Incas their Superiours They had many houses of Virgins which obserued perpetuall Virginitie without going out of their house and others of the Concubines for the King All their Lawes Ciuill and Sacred were attributed to Manco Capac saying that hee had left and perfected some himselfe the others for his Successors to accomplish in their times so to giue authoritie to all as from the Sunnes Ordnance And though some of the Incas were great Law-makers yet no memory is left of any particulars vnder their name but all is attributed to the first Inca. The Incas deuided their Empire into foure parts they called it Tauantinsuya that is the foure parts of the World Hereof Cozco was the Centre which in that Inca-language signifieth the Nauill of the Earth or Land The East-diuision they called Antisuyu of the Prouince Anti a name also giuen to the Rew of Snowie Mountaines in the East the West Cuntisuyu the North Chinchasuyu the South Collasuyu each name deriued of some Prouince therein so called and continued to the furthest extent that way as Collasuyu to Chili sixe hundred leagues from Colla and Chinchasuyu to Quitu foure hundred leagues from Chincha to the North. They ordained that in euery Towne great or small of their Empire the Inhabitants should be registred by Tithings and one of them should take charge of the other nine as a Decurion or Tithing man called Chunca Chancapa Fiue of these Decurions had another Superiour which had the charge of fiftie Ouer two of those was another Superiour or Centurion Fiue Centuries were subiected to one which had charge of fiue hundred and two of those charges had a Chiliarch or Captaine of one thousand higher they went not The Tithingman gaue account to the Gouernour of those in his charge to prouide them Seed or Bread-corne or Wooll or House-reparations or other necessaries He also was to informe of thir faults to the Iudges which according to the greatnesse of the offence were also diuersified in order for dispatch of Iustice and to take away need of Appeales except in cases betwixt one Prouince and another for which the Inca sent a speciall Iudge If the Decurion neglected to informe the fault was now made his owne and hee corrected for it as also in the other case of prouision Hence there were no Vagabonds nor idle persons The Father was corrected which did not educate or correct his children the children also were punished in correspondence of their age and the Tithingman was to informe of both The Iudges punished them they said not for the fact but the fault in transgressing the Incas commandement which they respected as Gods They had no purse-punishments Fines or Confiscations for to leaue them poore was but to giue them more libertie to euill If any Câ—â—aca rebelled and deserued death his sonne succeeded notwithstanding to his State In warre they had Natiues for Captaines ouer their owne Countrimen hauing Incas for their Superiours The Iudge durst not arbitrate but execute the Law 〈…〉 e hee died for breaking the Royall commandement This seueritie of the Officers and of the Lawes which for light offences inflicted death prooued rather gentle then cruell and barbarous few daring to transgresse so that all that Empire extended thirteene hundred leagues and consisting of so many Nations and Languages was gouerned by one Law as if it had beene one house the rather because they held the same diuine and from the Sunnes ordinance by the 〈◊〉 And the Law-breaker was therefore accounted sacrilegious and accursed insomuch that some accused by their owne consciences haue made confessions without other accusers fearing to bring publike plagues on the State as Diseases or Dearths which they sought to preuent by appeasing God with their deaths And I conceiue that from these publike confessions the Spanish Historians haue wâ—itten that the Indians of Peâ—â— had confession in secret like Christians and Confessours appropriated which is false for in Peru they had no other then I haue mentioned and the Indians which told the Spaniards thus answered so to their questions as they thought might best please them Neither had they any Appeales Ciuill or Criminall Euery Towne had a Iudge and for higher matters they went to the Superiour Iudge in the Mother Citie The Sentences of ordinary Iudges were euery moneth related to the Superiour Iudges and theirs to others their Superiours which were in the Court in diuers degrees according to the qualitie of Cases The Supreame were the Presidents or Vice-royes of the foure parts of the World This report was made to examine Sentences which had passed and if they were found vniust the Authors were seuerely punished The manner of rendring these reports to the Inca and to those of his Counsell was by knots in liâ—es of diuers colours which serued them as it were Ciphers for the knots of such or such colours declared the offences and certaine threads of diuers colours fastned to the lines shewed the punishment This was their Arithmetike in which they were expert and certaine some applying themselues to nothing else If any Prouinciall controuersie could not be decided by those whom the King sent it was suspended till his Visitation of those parts and then hee himselfe would see heare and sentence The Tithingmen also gaue account euery moneth of all which were borne or died and likewise at the end of the yeere such as perished in the warres they also related The like Officers and Orders were in the Campes of warre as in the Townes of peace They permitted not to sacke the Townes which they conquered by force For euery of those foure diuisions of the Empire the Inca had Councels of Warre of Iustice of necessary businesse These had subordinate Officers in diuers degrees which rendred accounts of all to the Supreme Councell Each had a President or Vice-roy which receiued those accounts and rendred the same â—o
These words which our Inca said vnto vs being the last that euer he spake to vs were more powerfull to subiect vs and quite our Empire then the armes which thy Father and his companions brought into this Land Thus died Huayna Capac his body was embalmed and carried to Cozco his heart interred in Quitu His funerall solemnities and mourning continued a yeare according to the custome of the Inca Kings Hee left aboue two hundred sonnes and daughters some Incas affirme aboue three hundred to exaggerate the crueltie of Atahuallpa which slew them almost all who therefore was so odious that the Spaniards hauing put him to death were thought men sent from their God the Sun to take vengeance on the destroyer of his seede And when they brought Cockes and Hens with them into Peru they hearing the Cockes crowing said that in perpetuall infamie of that tyrant and abhominable memory of his name they pronounced it in their crowing saying Atabuallpa and would answer the Cockes crowing with reckoning the name Atahuallpa wherein the children imitated them in those times so that if they had heard a Cocke crowe they would recrow in like tune the name of Atuhallpa a thing which I my selfe and other boyes my Schoolefellowes children of Spaniards by Indian women haue often done together with the Indian children They named likewise on such occasion his principall Captains whose names were of so many syllables Challcuchima Quilliscacha and Ruminnaui The Spaniards thought they did this for his honour saying the Cockes made this honorable mention of him so Blas Valera writeth which receiued it of the Indians of Quitu his naturall subiects which applied to a good mention that which those of Cozco deuised in euill for his cruelties there done Huayna Capac being dead his two Sonnes Huascar and Atahuallpa raigned quietly for the space of foure or fiue yeares one in Cozco the other in Quitu After which Huascar began to thinke with himselfe that he had done ill in consenting to his father in the matter of Quitu which now was his brothers whereby he was barred vp also from further conquests the other three waies being locked vp by the Antis the Sea and Chili so that his brother might by new conquests make himselfe greater then he and whereas now his stile was Capa Inca onely Lord in time the other might both equall and exceede him These things more and more troubling him hee sent a Messenger to his brother saying that by the ancient constitution of the first Inca Manco Capac the Kingdome of Quitu and all the Prouinces which he possessed belonged to the crowne and Empire of Cozco which howsoeuer he had quitted to him vpon his Fathers command yet was it more by force then iustice being to the losse of the crowne and preiudice of the successors and therefore neither ought his Father to command it nor was he obliged to fulfill it Yet seeing he had giuen consent he was content vpon these two conditions first that he should adde nothing to his Empire secondly that hee should doe him homage and fealtie as his vassall and feudatarie Atahuallpa receiued this message with great humilitie and seeming submission and three dayes after returned answere that in his heart he had alwayes reknowledged vassallage being returned to the Inca by Post he was much content sending reply that he againe confirmed that estate to his Brother conditionally that by such a time he should make his personall homage at Cozco Atahuallpa answered hee was a happy man to vnderstand such the Incas pleasure that he would doe it by the time set him but for greater solemnitie he did beseech his Maiestie to giue him leaue that all the Prouinces of his estate should come with him to celebrate in Cozco the obsequies of Huayna Capac his Father with rites agreeable to those of Quitu and the other Prouinces which ended hee and his would doe their due homage All this did Huascar grant and Atahuallpa made vse of to his proiect of soueraigntie He sent proclamation to all his Prouinces that all men seruiceable should in such a space make ready to goe to Cozco to celebrate his Fathers obsequies and to performe the homage to the Monarch Huascar Inca and that therefore they should set forth in their best ornaments and brauery for greater solemnitie But priuily he sent to his Captaines to leuie the best Souldiers which should carry their armes closely for he more minded executions then exequies He commanded them â—o march in bands fiue or sixe hundred together one band two or three leagues after the other and when they came within ten or twelues dayes iourney of Cozca that they should ioyne together the last doubling their iournies to ouertake the former In this manner Atahuallpa sent aboue 30000. men most of them old Soldiers of his Fathers with choise Captaines and appointed two Camp-masters or Generals Challcuchima and Quizquiz Huascar relying on the loyaltie of his Subiects and his Brothers faire promises not onely suspected no treason but prouided them necessaries Atahuallpa vsed this dissimulation knowing himselfe of vnsufficient power to warre openly on his brother But some of the experimented Gouernors and Captaines as they passed could not but resent and disgust this course and signified so much to the Inca who thus awakened out of his dreame sent to gather forces in the South parts and East and West to Chinchasuyu he sent not which were the best Soldiers because of these forces marching thorow their Countrie The other through long peace were vnaccustomed to armes of which were leuied aboue 30000. the rest being too remote for a sudden businesse Atahuallpas men passed the Riuer Apurimac without contradiction and embattelled themselues in three squadrons so marching to Villacunca within six leagues of Cozco He himselfe abode still in the confines of his Kingdome there to obserue the successe of this battel wherein he placed his chiefe trust by reason of the negligence of the other side the courage of his old souldiers These thought the shortest way the surest before more forces might be assembled by Huascar and within two or three leagues Westwards from the Citie was the battell fought in which one side fought to get the other to keepe the Inca whose vnhappy fate made him prisoner to Atahuallpas men as he was fleeing thence with 5000. which were all in manner slaine in presence some by the enemies some by themselues seeing their Lord prisoner Many also not willing to enioy liberty after he was taken offered themselues prisoners They set a sure guard about the Emperours person and sent to proclaime his taking thorow all the Empire lest other forces should come to his succour sending word also to their Master Atahuallpa Hee vsed his victory most cruelly for dissembling that he would restore Huascar to the Kingdom he summoned all the Incas in the Empire and all the Rulers and Officers
to appeare at Cusco by such a day to capitâ—late on certaine Articles to be obserued betwixt the two Kings that they might liue together in loue like brethren Thus all the Incas except those whom sicknesse age or remotenesse hindred came thither whom Atahuallpa caused to be put to diuers and cruell deaths For he knowing that he was not of the Incas bloud legitimate that is by the Câ—ya or sister of the King nor yet of the whole bloud so to challenge the inheritance by Father and Mother remoued these rubs out of the way of his ambition yea all those who were of the halfe bloud though further from claime yet lest they might imitate his example he caused also to be slaine Not contenting himselfe with the death of his two hundred brethren and sisters the children of Huayna Capac he proceeded to the Vncles Cousens and all wheâ—her legitimate or bastards some he caused to be beheaded some hanged some were cast into Riuers with weights at their neckes some cast from high precipices All which were done before he had passed Sausa nintie leagues off the Citie Yea they brought forth Huascar to see these dismall executions that he might dye in the death of euery of his kinsmen The Curacas Captaines and Nobility they brought forth being the rest of the prisoners bound to the Valley of Sacsahuana and made a long lane of them thorow which they made poore Huascar to passe couered with mourning weedes and hauing a roapeabout his necke they seeing their Inca in this case fell downe with cries to doe him reuerence and were therefore sâ—â—ine with Haâ—chets and Clubs before his faâ—e After this the cruelty passed to the women and children oâ— the bloud royall Atahuallpa commanding to take them all but those in the house of Virgiâ—s which were brought to the field Yahuarpampa or bloudie field a name confirmed by the cruell executions by staruing hanging and diuersified tortures on that tender sexe and innocent age Eâ—ery quarter of the Moone they renewed these cruelties from which some were yet suffered to escape of which number were my Mother and her Brother then eleuen yeares of age or vnder which they sent away in disguised habits of the common people for all degrees might they be knowne by their habit Of the Auquis or Infants Royall which escaped were Paullu and Titu the Sonnes of Huayna Capac Don Carlos the sonne of Paullu marrâ—ed with a Spanish woman by whom hee had Don Melchior Inca which in the yeare 1602. came into Spaine to receiue rewards promised for the seruices of his Father and Grandfather in the pacification of Peru Anno 1604. I receiued a letter of Valladolid that he was allowed 7500. Duckets of reuenue in the Citie of Kings and that he must bring his wife to Spaine that the Indians which are his inheritance shall be set ouer to the Crowne and that he shall no more passe to the Indies This is the chiefe of the bloud of the Incas by the male line descended of Huayna Capae Of Ataruallpa I knew one Sonne and two Daâ—ghters one of which Donna Angelina by Marquesse Piçarro had a Sonne called Don Francisco he died a little before I came â—o Spaine the next day before his buriall many Incas came to my Mothers and amongst others her old Vncle who said that Pachacamac had preserued him many yeares to see an end of all his enemies and instead of mourning much reioyeed whereof I demanded the reason why we should be glad for the death of our Kinsman he biting his maâ—â—le which with them is a token of greaâ— aâ—ger said What wouldst thou be the kinsman of an Auca sonne of an Auca that is a tyrant traitor which destroyed our Empire killed our Inca consumed our bloud and linage which did so many cruelties so differing from the nature of the Incas I could eate him raw without sauce now he is dead for his Father the traitor Atahuallpa was not the son of Huayna Capac our Iâ—ca but sonne of Qâ—iâ—u Indian which with his mother wrought treason to our King otherwise he would neuer haue done no not imagined such things to his enemies much lâ—sse to his kindred say not therefore he is our kinsman thou wrongst thy kindred to reckon to it so cruell a tyrant c. This Francisco whiles he liued seeing the hatred which the Incas and all 〈…〉 hee Indians bare him had little to doe with them and came little abroad they still calling him Auca His Father destroyed the Officers and Seruants of the Kings house and the Townes whereof they were being by Manco Inca priuiledged Incas of some a third of others a fifth or a tenth part Hee named also and committed great mischiefes on the Cannaries slew 70000. of them because they would not subiect themselues to him at the beginning of his rising whereby there were said to remaine fifteene times as many women as meâ— In the end of the yeare 1603. the Incas of Peru writ to Don Melchior Carlos Inca and to me â—all their names desiring vs to make supplication to his Maiestie to command that they should be exempted from tributes which they paid and other vexations which they suffer no lesse then other common Indians They sent painted in white Chia taffata the Tree royall from Manco Capac to Huaina Capacs sonne Paullu in their ancient habit with the coloured ribbon of their heads and eare-rings in their eares with Partisans instead of Scepters in their hands Their phrase was much mixt with Spanish for now they are all Spaniolized They rehearse much miseries of their life for which cause I doe not here record it They write with much confidence that the King would not onely relieue them if he were made acquainted but reward them as the posterity of Kings At the side of euery Kings picture they set those of his posteritie with the title Capac Ayllu or the Royall stocke distinguishing each Kings descendents Of Manco Capacs posterity there remaine 40. Incas of Sinchi Roca 64. of Lloque Yupanqui 63. of Capac Yupanqui 56. of Mayta Capac 35. of Inca Roca 50. of Yahuar Hnacac 51. of Viracocha Inca 69. of Pachacutec and his Sonne Yupanqui put together 99. of Tupac Inca Yupanqui 18. of Huayna Capac 22. These two last generations as neerer the Crowne Atahuallpa with great diligence destroyed The whole summe is 567. persons all descended by the male line for of the female they made no such account except they were Sonnes of the Spaniards which conquered the Land for those they call Incas also beleeuing that they descended of their god the Sunne This writing was signed by eleuen Incas agreeing to the eleuen descents each for all of his race CHAP. XIIII The suppliment of the History of the Incas briefely collected out of the Authors second part or Generall History of Peru. THus haue we run thorow the Authors first part or Commentaries Roiall of
was married to Martin Garcia de Loyola His brother Tupac Amaru tooke the Mountaines Francisco de Toledo second sonne to the Earle of Oropesa being Vice-roy determined to bring from the Mountaines of Uillca campa the Prince Tupac Amaru the lawfull Heire of that Empire after his said brothers death without issue male Hee sought to doe it by faire and gentle perswasions sending Messengers to that purpose promising him maintenance from his Maiestie for his person and familie His kindred and friends told him that his brother had receiued small recompense from them or society with them and therefore counselled him not to goe it being better for him to liue there then to die with his enemies The Spaniards counselled the Vice-roy to force him alledging that his Indians robbed the Merchants hoping also by his imprisonment to recouer the treasures which his progenitours had hidden Such robberies were indeed committed in his father Mancos time but seldome they being forced thereto of necessitie for want of victuals which the Mountaines yeeld not But after his death there was no such matter The Vice-roy sent Martin Garcia Loyola with two hundred and fiftie Souldiers well prouided agâ—inst the 〈◊〉 â—he strength of those passages was abated and the wayes plained after the issue of Sayri Tupac so that the Prince Tupac Amaru fled and the Spaniards pursued and hee being guilty to himselfe of no crime yeelded himselfe with his wife two sonnes and a daughter and all his Indians looking for no ill measure but maintenance at their hands The Vice-roy framed a processe against the Prince and against all the Incas of his kindred and against the Mestizos begotten of that stocke by the Spaniards some of which were condemned to be tortured that so they might finde some clearer matter against them One of their mothers came to the prison and cried out that they had got that reward for that their Fathers had conquered the Countrey for which their Children should be all hanged Why did they not as well kill their Mothers for whose sinnes Pachacamac had suffered this which had beene traytors to the Inca for loue of the Spaniards with other outcries of vengeance in this world and the next from Gods hand Thus went shee crying in the street which made the Vice-roy surcease his purpose he proceeded not to put any to death but banished them to liue a lingring death in diuers parts of the world out of that which their Fathers had conquered Some he sent to Chili one of which was the sonne of Barco aforesaid which had beene with Huascar others to the new Kingdome of Granada to the Iles of Barlouent to Panama to Nicaragua and some hee sent to Spaine one of which was Iuan Arias Maldonado who liued there an exile ten yeeres and recounted these things to mee hee after got leaue of the supreme Councell of the Indies to returne to Peru for three yeeres to recouer his goods and then to returne to Spaine there to end his dayes All the rest perished in banishment The Indians of the bloud Royall which were sixe and thirtie of the principall of the bloud Royall he exiled and confined to the Citie of Kings and with them the two sonnes and daughter of the poore Prince the eldest not ten yeeres old the Archbishop of Rimac or The Kings pitied the young gâ—â—le and brought her vp the two sonnes with three and thirtie more died in little aboue two yeeres comming out of a cold hilly Countrie to the hot Plaines by the Sea The three remayning were Don Carlos my School-fellow sonne of Don Christouall Paullu and two others which were sent home to their houses but died all in a yeere and halfe after Of Don Carlos sonne we haue said before that hee came into Spaine in hope of great rewards which in Peru were promised him He died Anno 1610. at Alcala de Henares of griefe to see him selfe shut vp in a Monastery and left one sonne with three daughters The sonne died being a childe of little more then a yeere old and so the Rent granted by the Contractation house at Siuill to his father ceassed Now for the Prince Tupac aforesaid to returne to him they sentenced him to lose his head which was executed the Crier proclayming his treason and tyrannies against the Catholike Maiestie of King Philip the second King of Spaine and Emperour of the New Word They told the Inca that he was sentenced to lose his head without any particular cause mentioned hee answered hee had done nothing worthie of death that the Vice-roy might send him prisoner to Spaine to kisse the hands of his Soueraigne King Philip which would be securitie enough And if his father were not able with 200000. Indians to subiect 200. Spaniards in Cozco what needed the Vice-roy now feare any new commotion The religious hastened to instruct him for baptisme to which he was willing he said his Grandfather Huayna Capac hauing commended the Christian Law as better then theirs He was Christened by the name of Don Philip with as much griefe of those which were present as was ioy made at the baptising of Saiti Tupac The Spaniards did not imagine that the sentence should be executed being so contrarie to humanitie and disagreeable to the Maiestie of King Philip. It was performed on a Scaffold in the chiefe Street of Cozco Many sought to petition the Vice-roy which knowing their errand would admit none to audience They set the Prince on a Mule with a rope about his necke his hands tied one going before to proclaime his treason He not vnderstanding Spanish asked the Friers and hearing that he proclaimed him Auca called him to him and said to him Say not so for thou knowest it is a lye and I neuer did or thought treason as all the world knoweth but â—ar that I must die for the Vice-roys pleasure and not for my faults against him or the King I appeale to Pachacamac that this is true The multitude crying and lamenting they feared some stirre there being 300000. soules assembled in the streets they hasted to set him on the Scaffold The Priests prayed him to still the clamours and out-cries of the people Hee stretched out his arme with his hand open which hee layd on his eare thence letting it fall by degrees to his thigh whereupon followed a sudden silence as if there had not beene a man left in the Citie Which made the Spaniards to wonder and the Vice-roy amongst others which stood at a window to see the execution Thus died the Inca with great magnanimitie as the Incas haue beene in such cases accustomed he worshipping the Images of our Sauiour and of the Vargin as the Priests taught him The Vice-roy returned with great wealth and with 500000. Pezos in gold and siluer and going to kisse the Kings hand he had him get him to his house he had not sent him to Peru to kill Kings but to serue Kings The
a Notary to take possession thereof A Negro which went with them returned Aprill 28. with 107. burthens of gold and seuen of siluer May 25. Fernand Pizarro came to Caxamalca with Chilicucima May the thirteenth the Notary returned from Cusco with relation that they had taken possession had found 30. great Cities in the way besides small He said that there was a Pallace with plates of gold foure square each square containing 350 pases from corner to corner 700. of which they had taken away each of which waighed 500. Castilians from another house the Indians had taken as much as 200000. Castilians which they reiecteddbecause the gold was base He said that Chischis was there wâ—th 30000. men for guard of the Citie They brought 178. burthens of gold each as much as foure Indians bare on their necks so that it could not come thither in a moneth by reason of requiring so many Indians to carry it It was the thirteenth of Iune before the gold came from Cusco wâ—ich was two hundred burthens twenty fiue of Siluer After this came sixtie burthens of base gold taken from wals of houses It was shared on S. Iames his day The fifth being taken out for his Maiesty euery horseman had 8880. Castilians in gold and 362. markes in siluer each marke being eight ounces The footemen had halfe so much some more and some lesse as the Gouâ—rnour valued their merits The Emperours fifth was 262259. Castilians of Gold and 51610. Markes of Siluer He set apart a quantity for those of Saint Michaels and for those which came with Almagro and the Merchants and all the Marriners Prices of things were according a Horse was commonly sold for 1500. Castilians of Gold a vessell of six quarts Bocali of wine for sixtie Castilians I paid fortie for foure quarts a paire of shooes for forty as much or fiftie for a sword I paid twelue for halfe an ounce of bad Saffron ten for a sheet of Paper to write nothing seemed cheape but Gold and Siluer insomuch that they would not stand to weigh their Gold but gaue it in masse and if hee gaue not twice the quantitie hee cared not Debtors a went from house to house with Indians laden with Gold to pay their debts Atabalipa beeing accused of Treason by another Cacique that he sought to rayse forces in Quito was therefore sentenced to be burned and brought forth to execution where he said he would be a Christian and Frier Vincent baptized him and comforted him at his death the Gouernour commanded he should not be burnt but strangled which was executed on a Saturday about the same houre that he was taken One of his Brothers was made Lord by the Gouernour in presence of the Caciques with great solemnitie they lifting vp their eyes to the Sunne with thankes for giuing them a naturall Lord. Fernando Pizarro was sent to Spaine and some others had license many flocking thither hearing of the Riches there gotten Herera Dec. 5. l. 3. saith that Atahuallpa had desired his libertie because his ransome was paid and his promise fulfilled as Pizarro himselfe by sound of Trumpet acknowledged which being deferred his Captaines offered him to free him by force Atahualpa refused and commanded them to serue the Christians The Yanaconas a slauish kind of people desiring to free themselues from the Oreiones and Incas in those broyles raysed false newes that Armies were raysed to assault the Spaniards Pizarro seeing thâ— Atahualpa stood in his way and hindered his foundation of a Spanish Empire in those parts which could not be without the dissipation of that of the Incas nor that without Atahualpas death Y esto tenia por iusto pues era prouechioso He held it iust because it was profitable Hee spake to the Inca complaning of insurrection which he answered was but the rumour of his enemies that he had paid his ransome c. Pizarro made shew dissembling his purpose of great feare of the enemies which caused the Spaniards to vrge and importune Atabalipas death and to speake as you haue read in them whereupon Pizarro had sufficient colour for his Designe 〈…〉 king shew that the Treasure paid in name of a ransome was not for the Incas libertie but lest the Indians should hide it Frier Vincent consented also and so he was sentenced to be burned c. Hee addetâ—â— out of Seneca Prosperum ac â—oelix scelus virtus vocatur Thus the Kings Chronicler saying also that Fernand Pizarro was Atahualpas friend and his brother did it after his departurâ— He died in Prison and all the rest of whose names Herera giueth a Catalogue were slaine and murthered in ciuill 〈…〉 rres or came to ill ends Yea still the warres continue in Arauco to the death of many Spaniards besides the ciuill â—arres of Giron c. in Peru after that of the Pizarrists God is iust and therefore Pizarro the Muâ—â—herer of Atahualpa a cruell Murtherer also was murthered and so hee that murthered Pizarro and so forwards the Serpents Issue and Generation of Hell proceeds from murther to murther the Deuill himselfe being a Murtherer from the beginning Once Peru alone with Chili both subiects to the Incas Empire hath more aduanced the Spanish Treasures then all the New World besides neither is there any so likely way to supplant that Castilian-American greatnesse as by the Araucos CHAP. XVII Relations of Occurrents in the Conquest of Peru after FERNAND PIZARROS departure written at XAVXA Iuly 15. 1534. by PEDRO SANCHO Notary Generall in the Kingdomes of New Castile and Secretary to the Gouernour FR. PIZARRO subscribed by the said Gouernour himselfe and others and sent to his Maiestie TEn or twelue dayes after Fernand Pizarros departure two Spaniards came from Cuzco with Gold part whereof was melted being small and fine pieces taken out of the wals of a certaine house in Cusco being aboue fiue hundred wedges or plates of Gold the small weighing foure or fiue pounds a piece the greater ten or twelue All the wals of that Temple had beene couered with them They brought a chaire or throne of most fine Gold weighing eighteene thousand Pezos and a Fountayne of Gold of excellent workmanship and the mould in which it was cast and many other pieces pots and vessels which all mounted to two Millions and a halfe and beeing melted into most fine Gold came to be one Million 320000. Pezos and vpwards out of which his Maiesties fifth was taken aboue 260000. Pezos they made it vp 270000. Of Siluer there was 50000. Markes his Maiesties part 5000. the rest was shared amongst the company according to their qualities and merits After this the Gouernour made an act before a Notary in which he acquitted Atabalipa of his promise to the Spaniards for so much as the house would hold and caused it to bee published in Caxamalca by the sound of a Trumpet acquainting Atapalipa himselfe therewith by an Interterpreter declaring withall that for his Maiesties seruice and
receiued their senses againe and seeing vs so neere vnto the Land beganne to arise and goe on their hands and feete And hauing landed wee made fire in certaine trenches and boyled some of the Maiz which wee had brought and found raine-water and with the heate of the fire the men beganne to recouer and take strength and the day that we arriued there was the sixth of Nouember After the men had eaten I commanded Lopez de Ouiedo who was the best able and strongest of all the rest that he should goe close to any tree of them that were there at hand and climing vp into one of them he should discouer the Land where we were and see if hee could haue any knowledge thereof He did so and saw that we were in an Iland and found certaine poore Cottages of the Indians which stood solitary because those Indians were gone vnto the field And so he tooke a pot a young whelpe and a little Thorn-backe and returned vnto vs. About halfe an houre after an hundred Indian Archers came suddenly vpon vs who though they were great yet feare made them seeme to be Giants and they stood round about vs where the first three were It had beene a vaine thing amongst vs to thinke that there were any to defend vs because there were scarce sixe that were able to rise from the ground The Controller and I came towards them and called vnto them and they came neere vnto vs and wee endeauoured the best we could to secure them so we gaue them Crownes and Bells and euery one of them gaue mee an Arrow which is a token of friendship and they told vs by signes that they would returne vnto vs in the morning and bring vs somewhat to eate because at that time they had nothing The next morning at the breake of day which was the houre whereof the Indians had spoken they came vnto vs and brought vs much fish and certaine Roots which they eate and are like vnto Nuts some bigger and some lesse which they digge vnder the water with much trouble At the euening they returned againe and brought vs more fish and some of the same Roots and brought also their wiues and little children with them that they might see vs and so they returned rich in Crownes and Bells which we gaue them and the next day they returned to visite vs with the same things which they had done before Then seeing we were now prouided of fish of those roots and water and other things which we could get we agreed to embarke our selues and proceed on our Voyage so wee digged the Boat out of the sand where it was fast moored and were constrained to strippe our selues naked and indured great labour to launch her into the water Being embarked about two Cros-bow shots within the Sea there came such a waue of water that it washed vs all and being naked and the cold extreme wee let goe the Oares and another blowe which the Sea gaue vs ouerturned the Boat whereupon the Controller and two other went out to escape by swimming but the cleane contrary befell them because the Boat strucke them vnder water and drowned them That Coast being very faire the Sea cast vs all aland on the same Coast all tumbled in the water and halfe drowned so that we lost not a man but those three whom the Boat smote vnder water Wee which remained aliue were all naked hauing lost all that which wee had which although it were but a little yet was it much for vs at that time and being then Nouember and the cold very extreme and being in such case that a man might easily tell all our bones we seemed to be the proper and true figure of Death As for my selfe I am well able to say that from the moneth of May past I had not eaten any other thing then parched Maiz and sometimes I was in so great necessitie that I haue eaten it raw because although the Horses were killed while they made the Boats yet I could neuer eate them and I did not eate fish ten times I speake this that euery one might consider how we could continue in that case and aboue all the North wind blew that day so that we were neerer vnto death then life It pleased God that seeking the brands of the fire which we had made before wee embarked wee found light there and so making great fires we stood crauing mercy from our Lord God and pardon of our sinnes with many teares euery one of vs grieuing not onely for himselfe but for all the rest that hee saw in the same state At the setting of the Sunne the Indians supposing that we had not beene gone came to finde vs and brought vs somewhat to eate but when they saw vs thus in so differing an habite from the first and in such strange manner they were so afraid that they turned backe againe but I went towards them and called them who beheld mee with much feare Hereupon I gaue them to vnderstand by signes that the Boat was caft away and three men drowned and there they themselues saw two dead and the rest of vs that were now remayning were going the high way to death The Indians seeing the misfortune which had befallen vs and the lamentable case wherein we were with so great calamitie and miserie came amongst vs and through great griefe and compassion which they had of vs beganne mightily to weepe and lament and that from the heart insomuch that they might be heard farre from thence and they thus lamented more then halfe an houre And surely seeing these men so depriued of reason and so cruell after the manner of brute beasts so bewayled our miseries it caused that in me and all the rest of our men the compassion and consideration of our miseries should be much more increased The mournfull lamentation being somewhat appeased I demanded of the Christians whether they thought it fit that I should intreate those Indians to bring vs to their houses whereunto some of them that were of Noua Spagna answered me that I should not speake a word thereof because if they brought vs home to their houses they would haue sacrificed vs to their Idols Now seeing there was no other remedie and that what other way soeuer death was more certaine and more neere I cared not for that which they said but prayed the Indians that they would bring vs to their houses and they shewed vs that it pleased them very well and that wee should tarrie a little and they would doe as much as wee desired presently thirty of them laded themselues with wood and went vnto their houses which were farre from thence and wee remained with the rest vntill it was almost night and then they tooke vs and conducting vs we went with much anguish and heauinesse vnto their houses And because they feared lest through the extreme coldnesse of the way any of vs should die or swound and faint they
Baltasar de Gallegâ—s which went vp the Riuer and Iohn Danusco downe the Riuer Alfonso Romo and Iohn Rodriguez Lobillo went into the inward parts of the land The Gouernour brought with him into Florida thirteene Sowes and had by this time three hundred Swine Hee commanded euery man should haue halfe a pound of Hogs flesh euery day and this he did three or foure dayes after the Maiz was spent With this small quantitie of flesh and some sodden hearbes with much trouble the people were sustained Iohn Danusco came on Sunday late in the euening and brought newes that hee had found a little Towne twelue or thirteene leagues from thence he brought a Woman and a Boy that he had tooke there With his comming and with those newes the Gouernour and all the rest were so glad that they seemed at that instant to haue returned from death to life Vpon Monday the twenty six of Aprill the Gouernour departed to goe to the Towne which was called Aymay and the Christians named it the Towne of Reliefe He left where the Campe had lien at the foote of a Pinetree a letter buried and letters carued in the barke of the Pine the contents whereof was this Digge here at the foot of this Pine and you shall finde a letter And this he did because when the Captaines came which were sent to seeke some habitation they might see the letter and know what was become of the Gouernour and which way hee was gone There was no other way to the Towne but the markes that Ioâ—n Danusco left made vpon the trees The Gouernour with some of them that had the best horses came to it on the Monday And all the rest inforcing themselues the best they could some of them lodged within two leagues of the Towne some within three and foure euery one as he was able to goe and his strength serued him There was found in the Towne a storehouse full of the flowre of parched Maiz and some Maiz which was distributed by allowance Here were foure Indians taken and none of them would confesse any other thing but that they knew of none other habitation The Gouernor commanded one of them to be burned and presently another confessed that two daies iournie from thence there was a Prouince that was called Cutifa-Chiqui Vpon Wednesday came the Captaines Baltasar de Gallegos Alfonso Romo and Iohn Rodriguez Lobillo for they had found the letter and followed the way which the Gouernour had taken toward the towne As soone as they came he departed toward Cutifa-Chiqui In the way three Indians were taken which said that the Lady of that Countrie had notice already of the Christians and staied for them in a Towne of hers Within a little while the Lady came out of the Towne in a Chaire whereon certaine of the principall Indians brought her to the Riuer She entred into a Barge which had the Sterne tilted ouer and on the floore her mat ready laied with two custions vpon it one vpon another where she sat her downe and with her came her principall Indians in other Barges which did wait vpon her She went to the place where the Gouernour was She presented vnto him great store of cloathes of the Countrie which she brought in other Canoes to wit Mantles and Skins and tooke from her owne necke a great cordon of Pearles and cast it about the necke of the Gouernour entertaining him with very gracious speeches and courtesie and commanded Canoes to be brought thither wherein the Gouernor his people passed the Riuer As soon as he was lodged in the Town she sent him another present of many Hens This Countrie was very pleasant fat and hath goodly Medows by the Riuers Their woods are thin full of Walnut trees Mulberry trees They said the Sea was two daies iourny from thence Within a league halfe about this Towne were great Townes dispeopled and ouergrown with grasse which shewed that they had been long without inhabitants The Indians said that two yeers before there was a Plague in that Countrie and that they remoued to other Townes There was in their store-houses great quantity of Clothes Mantles of yarne made of the barkes of trees and others made of Feathers white greene red and yellow very fine after their vse and profitable for winter There were also many Deeres skins with many compartiments traced in them and some of them made into hose stockings and shooes And the Lady perceiuing that the Christians esteemed the Pearles aduised the Gouernour to send to search certaine graues that were in that Towne and that he should finde many and that if he would send to the dispeopled Townes he might loade all his Horses They sought the graues of that Towne and there found foureteene rooues of Pearles and little Babies and Birds made of them The people were browne well made and well proportioned and more ciuill then any others that were seene in all the Countrie of Florida and all of them went shod and cloathed The youth told the Gouernour that he began now to enter into the land which he spake of and some credit was giuen him that it was so because hee vnderstood the language of the Indians and he requested that he might be Christened for he said he desired to become a Christian He was Christened and named Peter and the Gouernour commanded him to be loosed from a chaine in which vntill that time he had gone This Countrie as the Indians reported had beene much inhabited and had the fame of a good Countrie And as it seemeth the youth which was the Gouernours guide had heard of it and that which hee knew by heresay he affirmed that he had seene and augmented at his pleasure In this Towne was found a Dagger and Beades that had belonged to Christians The Indians reported that Christians had beene in the hauen which was two dayes iournie from this Towne many yeeres agoe He that came thither was the Gouernour the Licenciate Lucas Vasquez de Ayllon which went to conquer this Countrie and at his comming to the Port hee died and there was a diuision quarrels and slaughters betweene some principall men which went with him for the principall gouernment And without knowing any thing of the Countrie they returned home to Hispaniola All the Company thought it good to inhabit that Countrie because it was in a temperate climate And that if it were inhabited all the Ships of New Spaine of Peru Santa Martha and Tierra firme in their returne for Spaine might well touch there because it was in their way and because it was a good Countrie and sited fit to raise commoditie The Gouernour since his intent was to seeke another treasure like that of Atabalipa Lord of Peru was not contented with a good Countrie nor with Pearles though many of them were worth their weight in Gold And if the Countrie had beene diuided among the Christians those which the Indians had
or so much as one man alone borne of woman within thirtie leagues of the Land which was before notably peopled and gouerned by diuers Lords There is no reckoning able to be made of the murders which this Caitiffe with his companie committed in these Realmes which he so dispeopled Of the Prouince of Nicaragua THe yeere 1522. or twentie three this Tyrant went farther into the Land to bring vnder his yoke the most fertile Prouince of Nicaragua and so in thither he entred in an euill houre There is no man which is able worthily and sufficiently to speake of the fertiltie healthsomenesse prosperitie and frequencie of those Nations that there were He sent fiftie Horsemen and caused to slay all the people of this Prouince which is greater then the Countie of Rossillon with the Sword in such sort as that hee left aliue nor man nor woman nor old nor young for the least cause in the World as if they came not incontinent at his command or if they did not bring him so many load of Maiz which signifieth in that Countrie bread Corne or if they did not bring him so many Indians to serue him and others of his company for the Countrie lay leuell as was said and no creature could escape his horses and deuillish rage He sent Spaniards to make out rodes that is to say to go a theeuing into other Prouinces and gaue leaue to those Rouers to carrie with them as many Indians of this peaceable people as they listed and that they should serue them whom they put to the chaine to the end they should not giue ouer the burdens of three or fourescore pounds weight wherewith they loaded them whereof it came to passe oftentimes that of foure thousand Indians there returned not home to their houses six aliue but euen fell downe starke dead in the high way and when any were so wearie that they could march no farther for the weight of their burdens or that some of them fell sicke or fainted for hunger or thirst because it should not need to stand so long as to vnlocke the chaine and to make the speedier dispatch hee cut off the head from the shoulders and so the head tumbled downe one way and the bodie another Now consider with your selues what the other poore soules might thinke the whiles He was the cause that the Indians sowed not their grounds one whole yeeres continuance So as now when they wanted bread the Spaniards tooke away from the Indians their Maiz which they had in store for prouision to nourish them and their children whereby there died of famine more then twentie or thirtie thousand soules And it came to passe that a woman falne mad with the famine slue her Sonne to eate him They haue discomfited and oppressed in this Prouince a great number of people and hastened their death in causing them to beare boords and timber vnto the Hauen thirty leagues distance to make ships with and sent them to go seeke Honie and Wax amiddest the Mountaines where the Tigres deuoured them Yea they haue laden women with childe and women new deliuered or lying in with burdens enough for beasts The greatest plague which hath most dispeopled this Prouince hath beene the licence which the Gouernour gaue to the Spaniards to demand or exact of the Cacicks and Lords of the countrie slaues They did giue them euery foure or fiue moneths or as oftentimes as euery one could obtaine licence of the Gouernour fiftie slaues with threatnings that if they gaue them not they would burne them aliue or cause them to be eaten with Dogges Now ordinarily the Indians doe not keepe slaues and it is much if one Cacike doe keepe two three or foure Wherefore to serue this turne they went to their subiects and tooke first all the Orphelins and afterwards they exacted of him that had two children one and of him that had three two and in this manner was the Cacicke faine to furnish still to the number that the Tyrant imposed with the great weeping and crying of the people for they are people that doe loue as it seemeth tenderly their children And for because that this was done continually they dispeopled from the yeere 23. vnto the yeere 33. all this Realme For there went for sixe or seuen yeeres space fiue or sixe ships at a time carryiâ—g forth great numbers of those Indians for to sell them for slaues at Ioanama and Peru where they all died not long after For it is a thing proued and experimented a thousand times that when the Indians are transported from their naturall Countrey they soone end their liues besides that these giue them not their sustenance neither yet diminish they of their toile as neither doe they buy them for ought else but to toile They haue by this manner of doing drawne out of this Prouince of the Indies whom they haue made slaues being as free borne as I am more then fiue hundred thousand soules And by the Deuillish warres which the Spanish haue made on them and the hideous thraldome that they haue laid vpon them they haue broughâ— to their deaths other fiftie or threescore thousand persons and do yet daily make hauocke of them at this present All these slaughters haue beene accomplished within the space of fourteene yeeres There may be left at this day in all this Prouinces of Nicaragua the number of about foure or fiue thousand persons which they also cause to die as yet euery day through bondages and oppressious ordinarily and personall hauing beene the Countrey the most peopled in the World as I haue alreadie said Of New Spaine IN the yeere 1517. was New Spaine discouered at the Discouerie whereof were committed great disorders and slaughters of the Indians by those which had the doing of that Exploite The yeere 1518. there went Spanish Christians as they terme themselues to rob and slay notwithstanding that they said they went to people the Countrie Sithence that yeere 1518. vnto this present yeere 1542. the vniust dealings the violencie and the Tyrannies which the Spaniards haue wrought against the Indians are mounted to the highest degree of extremitie those selfe-same Spaniards hauing thorowly lost the feare of God and of the King and forgotten themselues For the discomfitures cruelties slaughters spoiles the destructions of Cities pillages violences and Tyrannies which they haue made in so many Realmes and so great haue been such and so horrible that all the things which we haue spoken of are nothing in comparison of those which haue beene done and executed from the yeere 1518. vnto the yeere 1542. and as yet at this time this moneth current of September are in doing and committing the most grieuousest and the most abominablest of all in such sort that the rule which wee set downe before is verified That is That from the beginning they haue alwaies proceeded from euill to worse and haue gone beyond themselues in the most greatest disorders and deuillish doings In
engraue an awe of himself in the hearts of all the peoples of that Countrie Another time the Captaine commanded to take an oathe of the Spaniards to wit how many euery one had in his seruice of the Caciques and principall Lords and Indians of the meaner sort that incontinent they should be brought to the most open place of the Citie where he commanded that they should be beheaded thus were there at that time put to death foure or fiue hundred soules Moreouer these witnesses depose concerning another of the pettie tyrants that he had exercised great cruelties in slaying and chopping off the hands and noses of many persons aswell men as women and destroying very much people Another time the Captaine sent the selfe same cruell man with certaine Spaniards into the Prouince of Bogata to be informed by the inhabitants what Lord it was that was successour vnto the chiefe Lord whom hee had made to die that cruell death in those torments spoken of before Who running along the Countrie throughout many places tooke as many Indians as he could come by And for that he could not learne of them what he was that succeeded that Lord he mangled off some hands he bid cast others men and women vnto hungrie Mastiues who rend them in peeces And in this manner haue beene destroyed very many Indians and Indesses One time at the fourth watch of the night he went to ouerrun Caciques or Gouernours of the land with many of the Indians which were in peace and held themselues assured for he had giuen them his faith and assurance that they should receiue no harme nor damage vpon credit whereof they were come forth of their holes in the Mountaines where they had beene hid to people Plaine in the which stood their Citie thus being common without suspition and trusting the assurance made he tooke a great number as well men as women and commanded to hold out their hands stretched against the ground and himselfe with a woodknife cut off their hands telling them that he did on them this chastisement for that they would not confesse where their new Lord was which had succeeded in the charge of gouernment of the Realme Another time for that the Indians gaue him not a coffer full of Gold that this cruell Captaine required them he sent men to warre vpon them who cut off the hands and noses of men and women without number They cast others before their dogs being hunger bitten and vsed to the feare of feeding on flesh the which dispatched and deuoured Another time the Indians of that Realme perceiuing that the Spaniards had burnt three or foure of their principall Lords they fled for feare vp into a Mountaine from whence they might defend themselues against their enemies so estranged from all humanitie There were of them by the testimonie of the witnesses foure or fiue Indians This aboue said Captaine sent a great and notable tyrant which exceeded farre most of those to whom he had giuen the charge to ransacke and waste together with a certaine number of Spaniards to the end that they should chastise the Indian rebels as they would seeme to make them for that they were fled from a pestilence and slaughter so intollerable Well so it is that the Spanish by force preuailed to get vp to the Mountaine for the Indians were naked without weapons And the Spaniards cryed peace vnto the Indians assuring them that they would doe them no harme and that they of their parts should not warre any longer Streight way as the Indians stinted from their owne defence the vile cruell man sent to the Spaniards to take the forts of the Mountaine and when they should get them to enclose within them the Indians They set then like vnto Tygers and Lyons vpon these lambes so meeke and put them to the edge of the sword so long that they were faine to breath and rest themselues And after hauing rested a certaine season the Captaine commanded that they should kill and cast downe from the Mountaine which was very high the residue that were aliue which was done And these witnesses say that they saw as it were a could of Indians cast downe from the Mountaine to the number by estimation of seuen hundred men together where they fell battered to peeces And to atchieue all his great crueltie they searched all the Indians that were hid amongst the bushes and he commanded to cut off their heads at blockes ends and so they slue them and cast them downe the Mountaines yet could not he content himselfe with those said things so cruell but that he would make himselfe a little better knowne augmenting his horrible sinnes when as he commanded that all the Indians men and women which some priuate persons had taken aliue for euery one in those massaeres is accustomed to cull out some one or other mankinde and womankinde to the end to become his seruants should be put into a strawen house sauing and reseruing those which seemed necessary to be employed in their seruice and that there should be put to fire thus were there burned fortie or fiftie Hee caused the rest to be flong to the carrion dogs which rend them in peeces and deuoured them Another time the selfe same tyrant went to a Citie called Cotta and tooke there a number of Indians and caused to be dismembred by his dogges a fifteene or twenty Lords of the principall and cut the hands of a great multitude of men and women which said hands he hanged one by another on a pole to the end the other Indians might see that which hee had done vnto them There were so hanged one by another threescore and ten paire of hands Hee slised off besides from many women and children their noses No creature liuing and reasonable is able to decipher the mischiefes and cruell dealing of this fellow enemy of God For they are without number neuer otherwise heard of nor seene those I meane which hee hath done in the land of Guatimala and all about where he hath become The witnesses say for a surcharge that the cruell dealings and slaughters which haue beene committed and are yet in the said Realme of new Grenado by the Captaines themselues in person and by their consents giuen vnto all the other tyrants wasters and weeders of the nature of man which were in his company and the which hath laid all the Countrie wilde and waste are such and so excessiue that if his Maiestie doe not take some order therein in some time albeit that the slaughter and discomfiture of the Indians is done onely to bereaue them of their Gold the which they haue none of for they haue surrendred all that which they had they will in a short time make an end of them so in such sort that there will be no more Indians to inhabit the land but that it will remaine in a wildernesse without being manured There are other great Prouinces which bound vpon the said Realme of new
vnto me they were presently set vpon by the Sauages of the Country and it was behoouefull vnto them to stand in good order well to deâ—end themselues after the said Champlein had receiued a blow on the chine bone whereof he is not yet fully healed Since he made a confederacy with other Nations of those parts farther distant from the mouth of the Lake who promised him that the next yeare following which is this yeare 1611. they would conduct him with all assurance as far as the farthest end of the said Lake He for his part promised them faire and shewed them as well as he could the greatnesse of our King and of his Kingdome and for to make them certaine thereof he tooke with him a yong man sonne of a Captaine of those parts called Sauignon a man of a good shape strong vigorous and of great courage whom he hath brought into France to make report vpon his returne of that which he hath seene This Country by the report of the said Champlein is one of the fairest Countries of the world much tilled abounding with chase Deere and Fish Vines Hempe good Roots Walnut-trees Chestnut-trees Plumtrees and others There are store of Beuers along this Lake but the Inhabitants doe burne them as here wee burne Hogges and so by that meanes that haire and wooll which we goe so farre of and with so many perils to seeke for is lost There are Beasts great and small differing from ours and Horses as the said Sauignon hath shewed vs by the neighing But I dare not giue for currant that which Monsieur de Monts hath recited vnto me that these Nations haue tame Beares which they teach to carry them vpon trees for want of ladders They haue Forts such as they of Virnia haue which are great inclosures with trees ioyned together in forme like a Pale and within those inclosures are houses made two or three stories high The lower and higher parts doe serue for the men when they must defend themselues from the assalts of their enemies For in the lower parts there are big Bowes for the bending of which the strength of six men is required and they haue Arrowes that knocke downe men Aboue they haue murthering holes or battlements from whence to fling or cast stones and also to shoote with Bowes when they will hit their enemies a farre off In the middle roomes are the women which faile not in doing that helpe which their sexe may affoord And in this middle story they lay vp their Corne and other prouisions Champlein promiseth vs neuer to giue ouer vntill he haue pierced as farre as to the Western Sea or that of the North to open the way of China in vaine by so many thought for As for the Western Sea I beleeue that at the farther end of the greatest Lake which is very far beyond that whereof we spake of in this Chapter there will be found some great Riuer which will fall into the same or issue from it as doth that of Canada and neuer into the said Westerne Sea And as for the Northerne Sea there is hope to come neere to it by the Riuer of Saguenay there being but small distance from the head of the said Riuer to the said Sea It is now fit to speake of Monsieur de Poutrincourt a Gentleman of long time resolute in these actions who hauing made his preparation at Diepe set saile the 25. of February 1610. with a number of honest men and Artificers This Nauigation hath bin very tedious and troublesome for from the beginning they were driuen within sight of the Azores and from thence almost continually beaten with contrary windes by the space of two moneths during which time as idle people doe commonly occupie their spirits in euill some by secret practises durst conspire against their Captaine whom notwithstanding the said Poutrincourt according to his accustomed clemency did pardon Hauing made a reuiew of that coast he came into Port Royall where he brought much consolation to the Sauages of that place As for the buildings they were found all whole except the couering and euery parcell of houshold stuffe in the same place where they were left The first care that the said Monsieur de Poutrincourt haâ— was for the tillage of the ground and to dispose it to receiue the seede of corne for the yeare following which being finished hee would not neglect that which belonged to the spiritualty and whereunto the chiefest arme of his trauailes did tend which was to procure the saluation of those poore sauage and barbabarous people After necessary instruction giuen they were baptized vpon Saint Iohn Baptist his day the foure and twentieth of Iune 1610. to the number of one and twenty persons to euery one of which was giuen the name of some great or notable person of these parts 1. Membertou great Sagamos being aboue an hundred yeares of age was baptized by Sir Iesse Fleche Prieste and named by Monsieur de Poutrincourt Henry after the Kings name 2. Actaudinech third Sonne of the said Henry Membertou was by the said Poutrincourt named Paul aâ—ter the name of Pope Paul 3. The wife of the said Henry was named by the said Poutrincourt after the Qâ—eenes name that is to say Marie 4. Mombertocoichis alias Iudas elder sonne to Membertou being aboue sixety yeares old was alâ—o baptized and by Monsieur de Biencour named Lewes after the name of my Lord the Daulphin c. Membertou chiefe Sagamos of these Countries moued with a religious zeale but without knowledge saith that he will denounce open wars against all them that will refuse to become Christians Shortly after these spirituall regenerations Monsieur de Poutrincourt his son was sent backe into France to take a new charge In doing whereof he certified the Queene what had bin done in those Christenings whereby she receiued a marueilous contentment But this one things is to be noted that though the Nauigation were tedious in going yet in the returne it was very short for being come to the fishing banke which is fiftie leagues on this side New-found-land he was brought in a fortnight into France in which time they commonly make their returne Vpon the Banke they heare the newes of our good Kings death whose soule resteth with God and whose posterity we pray God to blesse The Author reports another Voyage 1611. by the Lord of Sant Iust but I haue haste to the English Plantation for whose sake these are published there being no great matter of history of those parts therein As for the Articles of a Societie concluded and the names of those which entred therein till we haue greater effect thereof I shall not trouble you with the recitall thereof CHAP. IX The first plantation of English Colonies in Virginia briefely mentioned SIr Walter Raleigh a man more famous then happy had obtained of Queene Elizabeth of glorious memory a Patent
c. In his returne hee discouered and kindly traded with the Weraskoyks in the meane time those at the Fort so glutted the Sauages with their commodities as they became not regarded Smith perceiuing notwithstanding their late misery not any regarded but from hand to mouth the company being well recouered caused the Pinnace to bee prouided with things fitting to get prouision for the yeere following but in the interim he made three or foure iournyes and discouered the people of Chickahamine yet what hee carefully prouided the rest carelesly spent Wingfield and Kendall liuing in disgrace seeing all things at randome in the absence of Smith The Companies dislike of their Presidents weaknesse and their small loue to Martins neuer-mending sicknesse strengthened themselues with the Sailers and other confederates to regaine their former credit and authoritie or at least such meanes aboard the Pinnace being fitted to saile as Smith had appointed for trade to alter her course and to goe for England Smith vnexpectedly returning had the plot discouered vnto him much trouble hee had to preuent it till with store of Fauken and Musket shot hee forced them to stay or sinke in the Riuer which action cost the life of Captaine Kendall The President and Captaine Archer not long after intended also to haue abandoned the Countrey which proiect also was curbed and suppressed by Smith And now the Winter approaching the Riuers became so couered with Swans Geese Ducks and Cranes that wee daily feasted with good Bread Virginia Pease Pumpions and Putchamins Fish Fowle and diuers sorts of wild Beasts as fat as wee could eate them so that none of our Tuftaffatie humorists desired to goe for England But our Comaedies neuer endured long without a Tragedie some idle exceptions being muttered against Captaine Smith for not discouering the head of Chickahamine riuer taxed by the Councel to be too slow in so worthy an attempt The next voyage hee proceeded so far that with much labour by cutting off Trees in sunder hee made his passage but when his Barge could passe no farther hee left her in a broad Bay out of danger of shot commanding none should goe ashoare till his returne himselfe with two English and two Sauages went vp higher in a Canowe but hee was not long absent but his men went ashoare whose want of gouernment gaue both occasion and opportunity to the Sauages to surprize one George Casson and much failed not to haue cut off the Boate and all the rest The Sauages hauing drawne from George Casson whither Captaine Smith was gone followed him with three hundred Bowmen conducted by Opechankanough the King of Pamaunke who searching the diuisions of the Riuer found Robinson and Emery by the fire side whom they shot full of Arrowes and slew Smith being assaulted slew three of them and so galled the rest that they would not come neere he vsed the Sauage his guide as a shield hauing bound him to his arme with his garters and thinking to haue recouered his Boate hauing more eye to them in his march then to his way he slipped vp to the middle in an ozie creeke and his Sauage with him yet durst they not come to him till he threw away his armes being neere dead with cold Then according to composition they drew him forth and led him to the fire where his men were slaine Diligently they chafed his benummed limbes and he gaue Opechankanough a round Iuory double compassed Diall They much maruelled at the playing of the flye which they could see and not touch by reason of the Glasse couer but when he had read a Cosmographicall lecture to them of the Skies Earth Day and night with the varietie of Nations and such like they were all amazed notwithstanding which sudden wonder they tide him to a tree within an houre after as many as could stand about him prepard their fatall Arrowes to his death which were all laid downe when Opechankanough held vp the said Diall and they led him in a kinde of triumph to Oropaxe Their order was this drawing themselues all in file the King in the midst had all their Peeces and Swords borne before him Captaine Smith was led after him by three great lubbers holding him fast on each side went six in file with their Arrowes nocked When they arriued at the Towne which was of thirty or forty hunting houses made of Mats remoued at pleasure as Tents with vs the women and children came to stare on him the Souldiers in file had their Sargiants to keepe them in order A good while they thus continued and then cast themselues into a ring dancing in seuerall postures and singing hellish noates strangely painted each hauing his Quiuer of Arrowes and at his backe a Clubbe on his arme a Foxes or Otters Skinne for his vambrace their heads and shoulders painted red with Oyle and Pocones mingled together his Bowe in his hand and the Skinne of a Bird with her wings abroad dried tied on his head with a peece of Copper a white Shell a long Fether and a small Rattle growing at the taile of their Snakes or some such toy fastened thereto All this while Smith stood with the King guarded in the midst till three dances being done they departed Then did they conduct Smith to along house where thirty or forty men guarded him and soone after was brought more Bread and Venison then would haue serued twenty what he left they put in Baskets and tied ouer his head which about midnight they againe set before him none of them eating ought with him till hauing brought as much more the next morning they did eate the old and reserued the new in like manner Hee thought they intended to fat and eate him One Maocassater in requitall of Beads which he had giuen him brought him his Gowne to defend him from the cold Another was possessed with a contrary humour and would haue slaine him for the death of his sonne had not the guard preuented to him yet breathing his last they brought him to recouer him Smith told them that at Iames Towne he had a water that would doe it if they would let him fetch it But they prepared to assault Iames Towne promising him liberty and women if he would assist them In part of a Table Booke he writ his minde to those which were at the Fort that they should send such things mentioned They went in bitter weather for Frost and Snow and seeing men sally out as he had before told them they fled but comming againe in the night to the place which he had appointed for an answer they found things ready and speedily returned as if either he had diuined or the paper had spoken After this they led him to the Youghtanunds the Matapanients the Payankatiks the Nantaughtacunds the Onanmanients vpon the Riuers of Rapahanocke and Patanomecke and backe againe by diuers other Nations to the Kings habitation at Pamaunk where they
scarce passable for shoalds perillous currents the other no question to be made of Hauing receiued these directions I hasten to the place of greatest hope where I purposed to make triall of Gods goodnesse towards vs and vse my best endeuour te bring the truth to light but wee were but onely shewed the entrance where in seeking to passe wee were forced backe with contrary and ouerblowing windes hardly escaping both our liues Being thus ouercharged with weather I stood alongst the coast to seeke harbours to attend a fauourable gale to recouer the streight but being a harbourlesse Coast for ought we could then perceiue wee found no succour till wee arriued betwixt Cape Charles and the Maine on the East side the Bay Chestapeak where in a wilde Roade wee anchored and the next day the eight of September crossed the Bay to Kecoughtan where the first newes strooke cold to our hearts the generall sickenesse ouer the Land Here I resolued with all possible speede to returne in pursuite of this businesse so that after a little refreshing wee recouered vp the Riuer to Iames Citie and from thence to Cape Warde his Plantacon where immediately wee fell to hewing of Boords for a close Decke hauing found it a most desired course to attempt as before As wee were thus labouring to effect our purposes it pleased almighty God who onely disposeth of the times and seasons wherein all workes shall be accomplished to visite vs with his heauie hand so that at one time there were but two of vs able to helpe the rest my selfe so sore shaken with a burning feauer that I was brought euen vnto deaths doore but at length by Gods assistance escaped and haue now with the rest almost recouered my former strength The Winter hauing ouertaken vs a time on these Coasts especially subiect to gusts and fearefull stormes I haue now resolued to choose a more temperate season both for the generall good and our owne safeties And thus I haue sent you a broken discourse though indeede very vnwilling to haue giuen any notice at all till it had pleased God to haue blessed mee with a thorow search that our eyes might haue witnessed the truth I haue drawne a Plot of the Coast which I dare not yet part with for feare of danger let this therefore serue for confirmation of your hopes till I can better performe my promise and your desire for what I haue spoken I can produce at least mille testes farre separate of the Sea behinde them and of Ships which come many dayes iourney from the West and of the great extent of this Sea to the North and South not knowing any bounds thereof Westward I cease to trouble you till a better opportunity offer it selfe remembring my best lone c. I rest From Captaine MARTYN his Plantation 27. Decemb. 1619. Yours to command THO. DERMER To Sir Edwin Sands in the Treasurership succeeded the right Honorable Henry Earle of Southampton whose industry together with that of those two brethren Iohn and Nicolas Farrars the successiue Deputies haue giuen much content to many but to diuers others matter of complaint wherein I am an vnfit Iudge onely as a reasonable man and Christian Minister that I say not Historian I am much grieued that Virginias prosperity cannot answer mens hopes nor can any man meruaile if diuisions minde-massacres here with the massacring Sauages and diseases there haue hindred there the expected effects of honorable and carefull indeuours Master Stockam a Minister writ thence May the eight and twentieth that which deserueth iust consideration that he found no probability by faire meanes alone to draw the Sauages to goodnesse and if Mars and Minerua went hand in hand they would effect more good in one houre then these verball Mercurians in their liues and till their Priests and Ancients haue their throats cut there is no hope to bring them to conuersion CHAP. XIIII A true Relation of a Sea Fight betweene two great and well appointed Spanish Ships or Men of Warre and an English Ship called thy Margaret and Iohn or the Blacke Hodge going for Virginia HAuing taken our iourney toward Virginia in the beginning of February last past in a Ship called the Blacke Hodge her burthen one hundred and sixtie tunne manned onely with eight Iron Peeces and a poore Faulcon we soone ouer-passed both the tedious endurances and fearefull dangers of such a Voyage and came at last by the foureteenth of March vnder 13. and halfe Latitude within twenty leagues of Matalina Falling with Meuis by the twentieth of March and compassing the furthest point to stand in the hand sommer with the shore wee perceiued two tall Ships at anchor right ouer against the watring place with their top sayles loose and their Boates going ashoare for their men At first we supposed them Hollanders in respect of their building and the Hollanders colours borne by their Admirall in the maine top the vice Admirall hauing his fore top mast downe and no colors displayed which encreased our former opinion adding withall that it must needes be prise or some other Ship subiect to the misfortune of a fight But driuing by necessity of water and willing to refresh our selues a shoare wee trimmed our Ship and came to anchor fairely by them sending our Boate in friendly manner to hale them both vnprouided and vnarmed which returned with certificate that they were Spaniards wherein not fully satisfied by reason of our former apprehension that it was otherwise the better to be resolued we sent out our Boate againe as well to be assured what to trust vnto as to gaine sometime to prepare our Shippe and trim her more commodiously being pestered with goods and fardels betweene the deckes and altogether vnprouided for any fight either offensiue or defensiue The Boate approached the hindmost Ship which I call the vice-Admirall and haled her demanding who they were but instead of resoluing vs she commanded them to come aboord and would answere no otherwise whereupon the Boate rowed from them as resoluing all was not well and so made haste vnto vs againe yet could not preuent a volley of small shot powred very dangerously amongst them insomuch that they had their cloathes shot through their Oares shiuered and the sides battered with Bullets yet thankes be to God neither was a man hurt nor any thing lost which as if they had had notice of the same escape rated their rage so much the more For by that time the Boate was out of reach of their small shot they followed it to the Ship with great Ordnance and when they perceiued they were safely come aboord they tooke it so ill that they thundred against our Ship with the soarer rage and most violent vollies which we could not answer hauing no Peece in our gunner roome nor indeede any other well mounted for such a Sea fight By this time their vice Admirall heaued vp her anchor to her warpe and
are inuited to praise the name of the Lord for hee hath commanded and they were created How much more should the tongue of man be the Pen of a readie writer and as it is called The glory of the man so imploy it selfe in setting forth the glory of God in his Workes of Creation Prouidence Redemption God is a Glorious Circle whose Center is euery where his circumference no where himselfe to himselfe is Circle and Circumference the Ocean of Entitie that very vbique from whom to whom the Centre of vnitie all diuersified lines of varietie issue and returne And although we euery where feele his present Deitie yet the difference of heauenly climate and influence causing such discording concord of dayes nights seasons such varietie of meteors elements aliments such noueltie in Beasts Fishes Fowles such luxuriant plentie and admirable raritie of Trees Shrubs Hearbs such fertilitie of soyle insinuation of Seas multiplicitie of Riuers safetie of Ports healthfulnesse of ayre opportunities of habitation materialls for action obiects for contemplation haps in present hopes of future worlds of varietie in that diuersified world doe quicken our mindes to apprehend whet our tongues to declare and fill both with arguments of diuine praise On the other side considering so good a Countrey so bad people hauing little of Humanitie but shape ignorant of Ciuilitie of Arts of Religion more brutish then the beasts they hunt more wild and vnmanly then that vnmanned wild Countrey which they range rather then inhabite captiuated also to Satans tyranny in foolish pieties mad impieties wicked idlenesse busie and bloudy wickednesse hence haue wee fit obiects of zeale and pitie to deliuer from the power of darknesse that where it was said Yee are not my people they may bee called the children of the liuing God that Iustice may so proceed in rooting out those murtherers that yet in iudgement imitating Gods deâ—ling with vs wee may remember Mercy to such as their owne innocence shall protect and Hope shall in Charitie iudge capable of Christian Faith And let men know that hee which conuerteth a sinner from the errour of his way shall saue a soule from death and shall hide a multitude of sinnes And Sauiours shall thus come on Mount Zion to iudge the Mount of Esau and the Kingdome of Virginia shall be Lord. Thus shall wee at once ouercome both Men and Deuills and espouse Virginia to one husband presenting her as a chast Uirgin to Christ. If the eye of Aduenturers were thus single how soone and all the body should be light But the louing our selues more then God hath detained so great blessings from vs to Virginia and from Virginia to vs. Godlinesse hath the promises of this life and that which is to come And if wee be carefull to doe Gods will he will be ready to doe ours All the rich endowments of Uirginia her Virgin-portion from the creation nothing lessened are wages for all this worke God in wisedome hauing enriched the Sauage Countries that those riches might be attractiues for Christian suters which there may sowe spirituals and reape temporals But what are those riches where we heare of no Gold nor Siluer and see more impouerished here then thence enriched and for Mines we heare of none but Iron Iron mindes Iron age of the world who gaue Gold or Siluer the Monopoly of wealth or made them the Almighties fauorites Precious perils specious punishments whose originall is neerest hell whose house is darknesse which haue no eye to see the heauens nor admit heauens eye guilty malefactors to see them neuer produced to light but by violence and conuinced vpon records written in bloud the occasioners of violence in the World which haue infected the surface of their natiue earth with deformity and sterility these Mines being fit emblemes of mindes couetous stored with want and euer wanting their owne store her bowels with darknesse damps deaths causing trouble to the neighbour Regions and mischiefe to the remotest Penurious mindes Is there no riches but Gold Mines Are Iron Mines neglected reiected for hopes of Siluer What and who else is the Alchymist and impostor which turnes the World and Men and all into Iron And how much Iron-workes in Warres and Massacres hath American Gold and Siluer wrought thorow all Christendome Neither speake I this as if our hopes were blasted and growne deplorate and desperate this way the Country being so little searched and the remote in-land-Mountaines vnknowne but to shew the fordid tincture and base alloy of these Mine-mindes Did not the Spanish Iron tell me you that contemne Iron-mines draw to it the Indian Siluer and Gold I will not be a Prophet for Spaine from Virginia But I cannot forget the wily apophthegme of the Pilots Boy in the Cacafuego a great Ship laden with treasure taken in the South Sea by Sir Francis Drake who seeing the English Ordnance command such treasure from the Spanish Cacafuego Our Ship said he shall be called the Cacaplata and the English may be named the Cacafuego I will not be so vnmannerly to giue you the homely English it is enough that English Iron brought home the Spanish-Indian Siluer and Gold But let vs consult with the wisest Councellour Canaan Abrahams promise Israels inheritance type of heauen and ioy of the earth What were her riches were they not the Grapes of Eshcol the balme of Gilead the Cedary neighbourhood of Libanus the pastury vale of Ierieho the dewes of heauen fertility of soile temper of climat the flowing not with Golden Sands but with Milke and Hony necessaries and pleasures of life not bottomelesse gulfes of lust the commodious scituation for two Seas and other things like in how many inferiour to this of Virginia What golden Country euer nourished with her naturall store the hundreth part of men in so small a proportion of earth as Dauid there mustered being 1100000. of Israel and 500000. of Iuda not reckoning the Tribes of Leui and Beniamin all able men for warres And after him in a little part of that little Iehoshaphat More I dare say then the Spaniards can finde in one hundred times so much of their Mine lands and choose their best in Peru New Spaine and the Ilands the Scriptures containing an infallible muster-booke of 1160000. able Souldiers in his small territories That then is the richest Land which can feede most men Man being a mortall God the best part of the best earth and visible end of the visible World What remarkeable Gold or Siluer Mines hath France Belgia Lumbardy or other the richest peeces of Europe what hath Babylonia Mauritania or other the best of Asia and Africke What this our fertile Mother England Aske our late Trauellers which saw so much of Spaine the most famous part of Europe for Mynes of old and inriched with the Mynes of the New World if an Englishman needs to enuy a Spaniard or prefer a Spanish life and happinesse to his owne Their old
and great riches confessed that they had taken three Portugall prizes The Spaniards at first receiued them on good conditions but some villaines seeing their wealth murthered them for which this Auditor had sentenced Roderigo de Fuentes with others as his Letter to the King of Spaine importeth Now had there then beene a Virginian or Bermudan Plantation how easily might they haue attained thither the Boat at least and escaped that butchery I could hither adde instructions from the English Indian Ships 1604. and 1608. from Captaine Fenton 1582. from the Earle of Cumberlands Voyages before related in the yeares 86. 89. 91. 93. 96. 97. and from Master Candish Master Dauis and others But we haue made too long a Virginian Voyage hauing no better freight then Arguments which the Times doe now promise if not worthy wise mens approbation yet good mens indulgence where in a weake body and manifold weighty imployments the willingnesse of a heart truely English sincerely Christian may seeme tolerable if not commendable pardonable if not plausible Another labour remaines to set downe rules and proiects of best fecibility and accomplishing this noble worke but I am onely a Freeman no Councellour of that Plantation and haue neither Lands there nor other aduenture therein but this of my loue and credit which with the allegiance to my Soueraigne and desire of the publike good of this Kingdome is more to me then all the treasures of America I seeke the good and not the goods of England and Virginia I follow the hand of God which haue giuen England so many rights in Virginia right naturall right nationall right by first discouery by accepted trade by possession surrendred voluntarily continued constantly right by gift by birth by bargaine and sale by cession by forfeiture in that late damnable trechery and massacre and the fatal possession taken by so many murthered English Gods bounty before his iustice now hath giuen vs Virginia that we should so in iudgement remember mercy as to giue Virginia againe to God in Christian acknowledgement of his goodnesse and mercy of his word and workes and in our owne more serious conuersion to prepare that of Virginia God goeth before vs in making this designe honorable to Religion to Humanity to our Ancestors to our King to our Kingdome God goeth before vs and hath giuen Virginia so rich a portion to allure and assure our loues in multiplying our people and thereby our necessities enforcing a vent in endowing Virginia with so large a iointure so temperate so commodious for the climate compared with other Countries beyond other Countries in her own diuersified Lands Seas Riuers in so fertile a soyle in so strong sweete stately delicate Woods and Timbers in her naturall hopes of Wines of Silkes of the bodies of Natiues seruile and seruiceable in Drugges Irons and probability also of other Mines in all materials for Shipping and other buildings God goeth before vs in offering that meane to saue that which wee seeke and spend in other perhaps enemies Countries to breede vp Marriners to train vp Souldiers to exercise labourers by transportation of English and Europaean creatures to plant another England in America enriched with the best things of Europe to giue vs Fish Tobacco and other present improuements as earnest of future better hopes and that in these times which haue so manifold necessities thereof in regard of monies men and trades decayed in regard of neighbour plantations in the probabilities of a South-Sea glory and in the case of obtruded warre obtruding on vs absolute necessity and including and concluding euery way so manifold vse God the Father Sonne and holy Ghost which goe before vs in these things if not in miraculous fire and cloudy pillars as when Israel went to Canaan yet in the light of reason and right consequence of arguments come into vs and fillvs with the spirit of wisedome and vnderstanding the spirit of counsell and of fortitude the spirit of knowledge and the feare of the Lord I may adde the spirit of vnity and counsell that he may vouchsafe to goe with vs and we with him and after him to Uirginia Amen O Amen Be thou the Alpha and Omega of Englands Plantation in Virginia O GOD. The end of the ninth Booke ENGLISH DISCOVERIES AND PLANTATIONS IN NEW ENGLAND AND NEW-FOVND-LAND WITH THE PATENT AND VOYAGES TO NEW-SCOTLAND Relations also of the Fleets set forth by Queene Elizabeth against the Spaniards THE TENTH BOOKE CHAP. I. A briefe Relation of the Discouerie and Plantation of New-England and of sundry Accidents therein occurring from the yeere of our Lord 1607. to this present 1622. Published by the President and Councell and dedicated to the Princes Highnesse here abbreuiated WHen this Designe was first attempted some of the present Company were therein chiefly interessed who being carefull to haue the same accomplished did send to the discouery of those Northern parts a braue Gentleman Cap. Henry Challons with two of the Natiues of that Territorie the one called Maneday the other Assecomet But his misfortunes did expose him to the power of certaine strangers enemies to his proceedings so that by them his Company were seized the ships and goods confiscated and that Voyage wholly ouerthrowne This losse and vnfortunate beginning did much abate the rising courage of the first Aduenturers but immediately vpon his departure it pleased the Noble Lord Chiefe Iustice Sir Iohn Popham Knight to send out another shippe wherein Captayne Thomas Hanam went Commander and Martine Prinne of Bristow Master with all necessary supplyes for the seconding of Captayne Challons and his people who arriuing at the place appointed and not finding that Captayne there after they had made some Discouerie and found the Coasts Hauens and Harbours answerable to our desires they returned Vpon whose Relation the Lord Chiefe Iustice and we all waxed so confident of the businesse that the yeere following euery man of any worth formerly interessed in it was willing to ioyne in the charge for the sending ouer a competent number of people to lay the ground of a hopefull Plantation Hereupon Captaine Popham Captaine Rawley Gilbert and others were sent away with two ships and an hundred Landmen Ordnance and other prouisions necessary for their sustentation and defence vntill other supply might be sent In the meane-while before they could returne it pleased God to take vs from this worthy member the Lord Chiefe Iustice whose sudden death did so astonish the hearts of the most part of the Aduenturers as some grew cold and some did wholly abandon the businesse Yet Sir Francis Popham his Sonne certaine of his priuate friends and other of vs omitted not the next yeere holding on our first resolution to ioyne in sending forth a new supply which was accordingly performed But the ships arriuing there did not only bring vncomfortable newes of the death of the Lord Chiefe Iustice together with the death of Sir Iohn Gilbert the elder
Venison enough Being now gone one being more ancient and wise then the rest calling former things to minde especially the Captaines presence and the strait charge that on paine of death none should got a Musket-shot from the Piantation and comparing this sudden departure of theirs therewith began to dislike and wish himselfe at home againe which was further of then diuers other dwelt Hereupon he moued his fellowes to returne but could not perswade them so there being none but women left and the other that was turned Sauage about midnight came away forsaking the paths lest he should be pursued and by this meanes saued his life Captaine Standish tooke the one halfe of his men and one or two of Master Westons and Hobbamock still seeking to make spoyle of them and theirs At length they espied a file of Indians which made towards them amayne and there being a small aduantage in the ground by reason of a Hill neere them both Companies stroue for it Captain Standish got it whereupon they retreated and tooke each man his Tree letting flie their Arrowes amayne especially at himselfe and Hobbamocke whereupon Hobbamocke cast off his coate and being a knowne Pinese theirs being now killed chased them so fast as our people were not able to hold way with him insomuch as our men could haue but one certaine marke and then but the arme and halfe face of a notable villaine as hee drew at Captaine Standish who together with another both discharged at him and brake his arme whereupon they fled into a swampe when they were in the thicket they parlied but to small purpose getting nothing but foule language So our Captain dared the Sachim to come out and fight like a man shewing how base and womanlike hee was in tounging it as he did but he refused and fled So the Captaine returned to the Plantation where hee released the women and would not take their Beauer coates from them nor suffer the least discourtesie to bee offered them Now were Master Westons people resolued to leaue their Plantation and goe for Munhiggen hoping to get passage and returne with the Fishing Ships The Captaine told them that for his owne part hee durst there liue with fewer men then they were yet since they were otherwayes minded according to his order from the Gouernours and people of Plimouth hee would helpe them with Corne competent for their prouision by the way which hee did scarce leauing himselfe more then brought them home Some of them disliked the choice of the bodie to goe to Munhiggen and therefore desiring to goe with him to Plimouth hee tooke them into the Shallop and seeing them set sayle and cleere of the Massachuset Bay he tooke leaue and returned to Plimouth whither hee came in safetie blessed be God and brought the head of Wituwamat with him Amongst the rest there was an Indian youth that was euer of a courteous and louing disposition towards vs hee notwithstanding the death of his Countrimen came to the Captaine without feare saying His good conscience and loue towards vs imboldned him so to doe This youth confessed that the Indians intended to kil Master Westons people and not to delay any longer then till they had two more Canoes or Boats which Master Westons men would haue finished by this time hauing made them three already had not the Captaine preuented them and the end of stay for those Boats was to take their Ship therewith Now was the Captaine returned and receiued with ioy the head being brought to the Fort and there set vp the Gouernours and Captaines with diuers others went vp the same further to examine the prisoner who looked pittiously on the head being asked whether he knew it he answered yea Then he confessed the plot and that all the people prouoked Obtakiest their Sachim thereunto being drawne to it by their importunitie Fiue there were he said that prosecuted it with more eagernesse then the rest the two principall were killed being Pecksnot and Wituwamat whose head was there the other three were Powahs being yet liuing and knowne vnto vs though one of them was wounded as aforesaid For himselfe hee would not acknowledge that hee had any hand therein begging earnestly for his life saying Hee was not a Massachuset man but as a stranger liued with them Hobbamock also gaue a good report of him and besought for him but was bribed so to doe it Neuerthelesse that wee might shew mercy as well as extreamitie the Gouernour released him and the rather because we desired he might carry a message to Obtakiest his Master No sooner were the Irons from his legs but he would haue beene gone but the Gouernour bid him stay and feare not for hee should receiue no hurt and by Hobbamock commanded him to deliuer his message to his Master That for our parts it neuer entred into our hearts to take such a course with them till their owne treachery enforced vs thereunto and therefore they might thanke themselues for their owne ouerthrow yet since hee had begun if againe by any the like coursesheâ— did prouoke him his Countrey should not hold him for hee would neuer suffer him or his to rest in peace till hee had vtterly consumed them and therefore should take this as a warning Further that he should send to Patuxet the three Englishmen hee had and not kill them also that hee should not spoyle the Pale and Houses at Wichaguscusset and that this Messenger should either bring the English or an answer or both promising his safe returne This message was deliuered and the partie would haue returned with answer but was at first disswaded by them whom afterward they would but could not perswade to come to vs. At length though long a woman came and told vs that Obtakiest was sorry that the English were killed before he heard from the Gouernour otherwise hee would haue sent them Also shee said hee would faine make his peace againe with vs but none of his men durst come to treate about it hauing forsaken his dwelling and daily remoued from place to place expecting when wee would take further vengeance on him Concerning those other people that intended to ioyne with the Massachuseucks against vs though we neuer went against any of them yet this sudden and vnexpected execution together with the iust iudgement of God vpon their guiltie consciences hath so terrified and amazed them as in like manner they forsooke their houses running to and fro like men distracted liuing in swamps and other desert places and so brought manifold diseases amongst themselues whereof very many are dead as Canacum the Sachim of Manomet Aspinet the Sachim of Nauset and Ianowgh Sachim of Mattachuest This Sachim in his life in the middest of these distractions said The God of the English was offended with them and would destroy them in his anger and certainly it is strange to heare how many of late haue and still daily dye amongst them neither is there any likelihood it
dayly in Nauall forces answered by Martiall Spirits for Land and Sea seruice Thus did God blesse her that had glorified him in establishing his Truth notwithstanding the pouertie of the State at her entrance deepely indetted by her predecessours and the saint friendship or professed enmitie of Rome and all her disciples Thus shall it bee done to the Woman God will honour and more then thus for what was all the time of her reigne but vicissitudes of Treasons Warres and manifold externall and internall broyles and yet in an admirable working of Diuine Grace when had England so long and flourishing peace at home or glory and renowme abroad as if hee which brought light out of darknesse would permit all such contrary workings to bee the object of his goodnesse the fewell and materialls of her greatnesse Arthur Poole the fourth yeere of her reigne abused the greatnesse of his bloud with other conspirators to the Guisâ—â—n purposes but taken and sentenced receiued not bloudie reward from her mild and mercifull hand Pope Pius the fift denounceth her excommunicate discharging her Subiects from loyaltie and alleageance and arming them against her Ridolfi a Florentine playes the Merchant of Popish wares the Earles of Northumberland and Westmerland take armes the Duke of Norfolke is entangled the French and Spaniard are perswaded by the Pope who promised also if need were to ingage to this purpose all the goods of the Sea Apostolike Chalices Crosses and holy Vestments Uitellius is commanded to inuade England with an Army from the Low-countries but God protected ELIZABETH and her Enemies abroad were disappointed the Traitors at home falling into their owne pit About the same time Edmund and Peter brethten to the Earle of Oâ—â—ond were busie in Ireland to inflame which rebellion Mendoza came out of Spaine but before it brake forth into any great combustion it was extinct Don Iohn of Austria enters next vpon the Stage for I omit Barues and Muthers Sir Henry Percie the B. of Ross his attempts and other Acts and Arts sauouring more of the Foxe then the Lion and pretended a peace whiles hee intended the deliuerance of the Scottish Queene and marrying her to make himselfe King of England and Scotland by helpe of fugitiues and fauour of the Pope and Guisians and in the midst of his warlike preparations suddenly dieth When Pius his impious curses had thus proued blessings hee deceaseth and Gregory his successour in the Papacie and malice to Queene ELIZABETH the great Founder of Seminaties gaping for no lesse then a Kingdome to his base sonne Iames Boncompagnâ— treateth with the Spaniard who had swallowed England also in his conceit Thomas Stukley an English fugitiue promiseth Ireland to the Popes bastard who in recompence giues him the titles of Marquesse of Lagen Earle of Wexford and Caterlough Vicount of Morough and Baron of Ross all places of note in Ireland and made him Generall of eight hundred Italian Souldiers the King of Spaine paying their wages But Sebastian King of Portugall which should haue conducted the Spanish forces against England being intangled with an African Expedition procured Sâ—â—cley to goe thither with him where both lost their liues And the Spaniard was now diuerted from English designes to those neerer of Portugall there imploying the forces intended against vs. Doctor Nicolas Sanders playeth the next part who hauing written in defence of the Popes visible Monarchy Ecclesiasticall and belched out the fowlest slanders of Queen ELIZABETHS parentage that Hell could deuise would make his writings visible by his deeds and with Iames Fitz Moricâ— an Irish Traitor hauing obtained to be the Popes Nuntio with a banner consecrated at Rome and some forces out of Spaine entreth Ireland there fortifieth and winneth Desmond to his partie San Ioseph 〈…〉 followeth with seuen hundred Italians and Spaniards with Armour for fiue thousand Their Fort is taken Fitz moricâ— first and after the Earle with many others slaine Sanders runnes mad and wandering vp and downe in the Woods and Mountaines dieth miserably the Country is pacified and ELIZABETH preuaileth The Seminaries Schooles of Treason were now erected at R 〈…〉 and Rhemâ—â— to become worse then that Troian Hoâ—se Cells of desperate Eâ—issaries incâ—ndaries of their owne Countrey Campion and others suffer seditious Bookes are written against the Queene whereby S 〈…〉 râ—ill was instigated to kill her Mendoza the Spanish Embassadour was commanded to depart out of England hauing practised with Throckmorton and others about an inuasion of the Land and to remoue the Queene About the same time in manner miraculously traiterous projects came to light by certaine papers of one Creighâ—â—â— a Scottish Iesuite who being taken by Dutch Pirates tare them and threw them into the Sea which would not bee accâ—ssary to Iesuiticall plots but by the helpe of the winde brought them backe to the Ship which being deliuered to Sir William Wade were ioyned again and reuealed new plots of the Pope the Spaniard and Guisians to inuade England Whereupon an Association was made by many thorow the Kingdome binding themselues by their hands and seales to prosecute all such to death as should attempt any thing against the life of the Queene Cardinall A 〈…〉 for the English Catholikes Ecclesiasticall Inglefield for the Larkes the Bishop of Rosse for the Queene of Scots were said to haue agreed to depriue the Queene and to disinherite King IAMES as a fauoâ—â—er of Heresie c. A. 1585. Doctor Parry whom Queene ELIZABETH had before pardoned his life being heartned by Ragazonius the Popes Nuntio in France and absolued in the Popes name by the Cardinall Comensis vndertooke to kill the Queene being thereunto incouraged by Allens booke teaching that excommunicated Princes may bee dispoyled of liues and Scepters His partner reueales him and his mischiefe lighted on himselfe Henry Earle of Northumberland brother of Thomas before executed at Yorke slew himselfe in the Tower and the Lord Chancellour three dayes after in the Starre Chamber declared that he had beene committed for traiterous deuises against the Queene and State the particulars whereof were then opened by the Atturney Popham seeking to set free the Queene of Scots to destroy the Queene and the Religion to haue dealt with Charles Paget termed Mope about these things with the inuasion of England c. The Burkes rebellion in Ireland fell out that yeere and many broyles which cost three thousand their liues at one time the title Mac-William in Connagh extinguished and the insolence of the Ilanders betwixt Scotland and England repressed The Spaniard arrested the English Ships in his Ports whence the Expeditions of the Earle of Cumberland and Sir Francis Drake before mentioned tooke their beginning and the Warres betwixt the two Kingdomes A. 1586. that prodigions plot of Sauage Balard Babington and the rest of that bloudy crue conspiring to kill the Queene was detected and the plotters were executed In 87. the French Embassadour a Guisian conferred
from Iames Towne in Virginia to the I le of Hogs 1724 Scuruie reigning in New France 1642. and vnder the Aequinoctiall 1202. its cause effects signes and remedie 1373 1374. great raigning of it among Mariners 1374. the things that are discommodious or beneficiall to the patient 1623 1763 Scuruy-grasse 1191. its medicinable operations 1624 Sea blacke in colour beyond the line 1157. a Sea-monster like a man of complexion like a tawny Indian 1187. another strange Sea-monster 1207 Sea-water warme the ayre being cold 1627. Sea made fresh by a violent intermixture of riuers in Florida 1555. Sea-scum like pitch and vsed like pitch called Coper in Florida 1556. Sea discommodious for meats in sickness 1624. Sea danger 1223 Sea-fire a meteor seene commonly in temposts the diuers opinions and names thereof 1737 The Sea worshipped by some Indians 1471 Sea-faring mens errors 1368 Sea-fights 1183 1186 1402 seq the requisitenesse of armour in Sea-fights 1408. a Sea-fight betweene the Spanish and English at vnequall hand the successe largely related 1780 1781 1784 Sea-hawking 1376 Sea-voyages require a Princes purse 1942 Sea-stratagem of the English hauing good effect 1908 Sea-snakes 1315 Seale-land 1440 Seales great store 1187. their nature and description 1386 Seasons falling vnequally vnder the same parallel 1637 Sea-men their seuerall offices 1403 Seminaries erected at Rome and Rhemes 1893 Security is dangerous 1635 St. Sebastian Iland 1200 Seed-time in New England 1866 Segouni abeast in Brasile 1243 Selinama riuer 1284. directions to trauell there 1286 Seralta an ancient Commander in Port Râ—cco 1166 Serpents called Iebua 1226. a serpent called Cobrus in Brasile as big as a man twenty foot long his strange feeding rotting and reviving 1243. A Serpent called Cururijuba thirty foot long its description 1317 1318. Serpents that are armed with plates not pierceable by an arrow ibid. Serpents called Guararici which being heard sing by the indians causeth them to dye so strong is their imagination 1318. a huge Serpent 1350. two great Serpents 1603 Shadden a towne of the Arwaccas in the West Indies 1285 Shambles of mans flesh among the Spaniards in the Indies 1280 Sharke a fish so called described 1376 Sheathing of Ships requisite 1387 Shawakotoc a riuer in Mawooshen 1875 Sheepe why s 〈…〉 in Port-Ricco 1172. Sheep vsed for cariages as horses in the Indies called Amidas 1362. Sheepe as big as horses with huge hornes and small tayles neere Mexico 1560 one horne waigheth 50 pound 1561 Shels of Pearle curiously wrought by nature 1381 Sherleys voyage 1168 Showers of gold 1395 Shooting at Sea how aduisedly to be vndertaken 1369 Sicknesse its cause and remedy 1251. Sicknesses vnknowne in New France 1623 Sicknesse in Guiana 1261. Sicknesse preuented by good dyet 1624. sicknesse destroying the whole Country in Pataxâ—t in New England 1849 Sickene Mountaine 1286 Sierra Leona a country so called 1141 Shipwracks 1355 1356 1440 1560 1673 1674 1676 1677 Ships how most conueniently built for warres or Merchandise 1405 1406. ships vnprofitably built of Cedar in the Bermudas 1747. ships taken by Sr. Francis Drake at the Cascois in the Portingall voyage 1923. ships of great worth taken by the English at the fight before Cadiz 1930. in ships whether race-building be commodious for men of warre 1409 Silk-wormes in Florida 1603. in the Bermudas 1739 Silk-grasse in Virginia 1758 Silley an I le on the west of England 1247 Siluer in Florida presented to the French by the Inhabitants 1603 Smiarra a towne neere the Fort of Marwin inhabited by the Arwacca Sauages 1283 Sir Samuel Argal by vertue of commission with much valour and discretion dispossessed the French of their vsurped possession in the New found Land 1828. his departure from the coasts of Virginia 1830. His inuention of trade with the Uirginia Sauages 1763 Skin as ruffe as Buffe on men 1280 Skuls of dead men layd in the windowes of houses among some Indians perchance to put them in mind of mortality 1560 Slate good store in Canada affording Diamonds 1610 1611 Sleeping-hearbe 1312 Smiths Iles before Uirginia 1691 Capt. Smith of Plimouth his disasterous voyage with sudden returne by the vnmercifulnesse of a raging tempest his second aduentures to the Westerne Ilands hee is chased by the French Pyrates is taken prisoner and the voyage ouerthrowne 1829. Captaine Smiths suspition by the Councell of Virginia his behauiour and clearing there from 1706. his care for the Plantation and furtherance thereof his discouerie of the riuer 1707. he fights and kils sauages is taken by them brought to the Emperour threatned death and saued by the Kings daughter returneth to the Plantation 1708 1709. his second arriuall at Powhatans court 1710. his better desire then power to benefit the plantation 1711. his striking terror in the Sauages ibid. his departure for a discouerie 1712 Iohn Smith his voyage to New-England finished in the space of 6 moneths with gaine of fifteene hundred pounds 1838 Snakes-hearb excellent good against the poyson of Snakes 1311 Snakes eaten 1210. snakes verie venemous 1212. A dangerous snake kild 1215. its quality ib. name Sorocueu 1230 its description 1231. Snakes without poyson 1303. their plenty and diuersitie in Brasile 1303 1304. with their names ibid. 1317 1318 Snakes of thirty foot long called Amara worshipped 1457 1478. Snakes worshipped in Topira 1560. Snakes worne about the neckes of the Virginians 1698 Snowes exceeding great in Florida 1551. Snowes made vse of in stead of drinke 1561. Snowes as good as a furd-gowne for fruits 1636 Soacatino a towne in Florida very poore and destitute of prouision 1554 Socke riuer 11â—6 Sodomites burnt by the Indians 1558 Somme-riuer in Florida discouered by the French 1603 Sommerset-Iland in the Bermudas 1796 Sir George Sommers ariuall at the Bermudas and death 1733. his care for the suruay of those Ilands 1738. his departure from Uirginia to the Bermudas 1754 Sommer Ilands commodities at large 1794 1795. Vide Bermudas Somma a place in America 1222 Soto a Spaniard his parentage time of his flourishing nature and dignity 1528 1529. his voyage to Florida at large related and discouery 1530 the company of his ships and number of his S 〈…〉 iers his ariuall at Florida and at the towne Vâ—â—â— and meeting with Indianized Christians there 1530 1531. his comming to Paracossi Acela Tocaste Cale townes in Florida his newes of Gold and Maiz 1532. his approach at other seuerall townes in America-Florida and seuerity to the Indians 1533 1534. his many bickerings with the Indians his resolution for the Prouince of Ochus 1535. hee pretends himselfe to be the sonne of the Sunne 1536. his ingratitude to an Indian Princess that had vsed him his company kindly 1538 1539. burieth a letter neere a Pine-tree to giue direction to his lost followers 1537. carieth the Caciques with them till hee was out of their countries 1541. the course of his trauels 1542. his skirmish and losse by the Indians 1543. his other Indian occurrents 1546 1547 1548 1549 et seq his