according to the Image likenes of God that it may know the creator by his Image loue him because of his likenes for according to the image of God it hath reason and according to his likenes it hath loue or charity for as the creator which created mā according to his own Image is charity good and iust pacient méek pure and pitiful with other notable and holy vertues read of him So a man is created that hée should haue charity that hée should bee good and iust patient and méeke pure and pitifull Which vertues any man by how much the more hee hath them in himselfe by so much the nearer he is to God and beareth the greater likenes of him his Creator But if any man by the wrong wayes of vices and the crooked turnings of euils doth out of kinde wander from this most noble likenes of his creator then it shall become of him as it is written A man when hee was in honor did not vnderstand c. for what greater honour may there bee to a man then to bee made according to the likenesse of his creator and to bee adorned with the same robes of vertues that he is of whom it is reade The Lord is King and hath put on glerious apparell c. Which is that he is glorified with al the shining of vertues and garnished with the honour of all goodnesse What greater disgrace may there be to man or vnhappier misery that this glory of his Creator being lost hee should slide and fall into the deformity and vnreasonable similitude of a bruite Beast Wherefore let euery man more diligently haue his minde fixed into the excellencie of his first state and condition and acknowledge in himselfe the most worshippfull Image of the holy Trinity and striue with himselfe to obtaine the true honour of the diuine likenesse by the noblenesse of good conditions and maners and the exercise of vertues that when hee shall appeare what he is then hee may shew himselfe like vnto him that maruailously made him to his likenesse in the first man and more marueilously renued him in the second CHAP. IIII. That the soule is no part of God THe soule is no part of God the mutability into which it runneth proueth that for God is immutable or vnchangeable The soule is often changed by reason of sinne and sometime changed by reason of paine and being damned becomes most miserable Yet nothing may hurt it but when it departeth from God It departeth when it sinneth wherupon the miserable runnagate frō God is tormented Seuered from one it is scattered into many things and by reason of the intemperance of it is made as it were sicke and corrupt and is become discomfited and grieued Therefore the bodily senses the memory béeing distempered or disturbed are disquiet and heauy they are made féeble and dismaide Then the flesh doth suffer then faintings begin and violent death houereth about Surely a man turned from God by sinning is froward and vnfortunate because he disagréeing with God is also at discord and discontent with himselfe and bringeth paine of himselfe into himselfe CHAP. V. That the soule is immortall A Man consisteth of body and soule and whatsoeuer is séene with these bodily eyes is made for the body the body for the soule but the soule for God that when the body returneth to the earth out of which it is taken the spirit may returne to God who gaue it The soule giueth life to the flesh when it commeth no other wayes then the Sunne giueth light to the day and it causeth death when it departeth yet death dooth not consume the body and soule once ioyned togither but parteth them vntill both of them come againe to their first originall or beginning And least any man should thinke the soule to be consumed by the death of the body let him heare what the Lord saith in the Gospell Feare ye not them sayth he which kill the body but the soule they cannot kill CHAP. VI. Of the loue and friendship betweene the body and the soule WOnderfull is the fellowship of the flesh and the soule the breath of life and the clay of the earth for thus it is written God made man of the clay of the earth and breathed into his nostrels the breath of life giuing to him sense and vnderstanding that by sense hée should quicken the clay assotiated to him and by vnderstanding he should rule and gouerne it and by that vnderstanding hée should enter inwardly into himselfe and behold the wisdome of God and that by sense hée should goe forth and behold the workes of his wisedome By vnderstanding hée hath enlightened man inwardly and to sense he hath abroad beautified and made things so faire that man might find delight and recreation in both of them felicity inwardly and outwardly and abroad pleasure and gladnesse But because the outward good things canot indure long man is commanded to returne from them to things inward and from those inward things to ascend to higher matters For of so great a dignity is the state and condition of man that no good thing besides the chiefe good may suffice him It is very miraculous that such diuerse contrary things one frō the other might conioine together in one Neyther lesse maruaylous is it that the euerlasting and liuing God hath ioyned himselfe to our molde and clay that God and clay should bee vnited together so great a highnesse and so much basenesse for nothing is higher then God and nothing more base then slime and clay Maruaylous was the first coniunction and maruailous the second nor lesse maruailous shall the third bée when men Angells and God shall bee one spirit For with the same goodnesse is man good with the which the Angels are good and with that selfe goodnesse both and either of them are blessed If so it bee that both doe desire the same thing with the same will and the same spirite For if God could ioyne such a differing and vnlike in nature as is of the flesh and soule to bée of one league confederacy and friendshippe no doubt it is as possible for him to exalt and extoll a reasonable spirite to the partaking of his glory which is brought lowe euen to the company of an earthly body that the same body being gloryfied it may bee to it a glory which was a burthen yea euen to the fellowship of those blessed spirits which haue continued still in their brightnesse and purity Very certainely the most highest hath created man to that purpose of his onely and méere loue without any necessity that hee might become partner of his happinesse If therfore so much ioy and so great gladnesse is in this temporall life which consisteth by the presence and company of the spirit in a corruptible body then how much more gladnesse and ioy shall there be in the eternall and euerlasting life which consisteth by the presence of the Godhead in a reasonable spirite
Apostle did know when he saide By the grace of God I am that I am and because his grace in me is not in vame his grace remaineth in mee This double knowledge had Abraham of himselfe when he saide Beholde I haue taken vpon me to speake vnto the Lord which am but dust and ashes In truth man is but dust for as dust is forced about with euery winde and is cast downe and there remaineth So man may fall into euery vice neither can moue to rise except the mercy of God ayde him Also man is ashes because as ashes bringeth forth neyther budde nor sproute of it selfe neither the receiued séede springeth out of it So a man neither can doe good nor remaine in any good thing without the grace of God Therefore wée ought to render great thankes vnto God because hee hath granted many good things vnto vs and many euils that wee haue done hee hath pardoned vs and hath preserued vs from many euils which wee might haue done as likely as many others which wee haue committed done for what euill soeuer wée haue not done it is through his mercy that we haue not done it for if he had suffered it surely we had done it aswell in déed as will And in sooth I do not know whether wee ought to loue him more for those thinges which hee hath forgiuen vs or for those sins which hée hath kept vs frée from For although wée haue not done them wée ought to thinke as if wée had done them and as though hee had forgiuen them for somuch as we had at the least done theÌ„ willingly if he had suffered it In very truth whosoeuer in such maner doth acknowledge himselfe he is both humble before God and men He loueth God and all men for God his sake And if hée haue perfect charity hée iudgeth no man he accuseth no man he condemneth no man he beareth no malice hée mooueth no brawles â—ée soweth no discorde hée doth not persecute innocents he hâ—reâ—â— not those which reproue him hée committeth no theft no false witnesse no periury he slandereth no man be hurteth no man hée hateth none but loueth all men It is written yée shall loue one another for so familiar is charity with God that hee will not dwell in him in whoÌ„ charity is not Who so euer therefore hath charity hath God because God is charity And who so hateth one man looseth God and the good that he doth Wherefore let euery one be carefuâ—l least for the hating of one man he looseth God and euery good thing CHAP. XI That euery man should know himselfe KNow thy self know from whence thou commest and whither thou shalt how thou liuest how much good thou dost or failest therein how farre thou art from God or how neare not as in space betwéene places but in the likenes and vnlikenes of good life and behauior Know how thou art a man whose conception was in sinne to bée borne in misery to liue in griefe and paine and that to die there is no remedie Certaine is it that thou shalt die but vncertaine how or when or where because death expecteth thée euery where And thou if thou be wise expect it euer Therefore carefully take héed what thou doest or what thou oughtst to do if thou hast anything to doe do it If it be to doe good mixe it not with any euill if it be good that thou shouldest doe accomplish it with much vprightnesse as thou oughtest If it be for another doe it as if thou shouldest doe it for thy selfe If thou thy selfe doest good doe it so well that it be a good example to others And thus as the Prophet Dauid sayeth and willeth Thou shalt decline from euill and doe good CHAP. XII What Meditation is BY Meditation wée may the better know God our selues Meditation bringeth knowledge knowledge bringeth compunction compunction causeth deuotion deuotion causeth prayer Meditation is an often moouing of the minde very diligent and foreséeing to search or finde out the meaning of thinges which are hard to bee vnderstood and to bring secrete thinges to knowledge Knowledge or learning is when a man is inlightned by often Meditation to the knowledge of himselfe Compunction is when through the consideration of his owne euills the heart is touched with an inward griefe Deuotion is a godly and an buÌ„ble affection towardes God Hamble by the knowledge of his owne infirmities godly by the consideration of the diuine mercy Prayer is a deuotion of the minde conuerting to God thorough holy and humble affection Affection is a certaine selfe will and swéete inclination of the mind wholy towardes God for there is nothing mouing God so much to loue and mercy as the pure affection of the minde Mens natures is to loue and prayse the knowledge of heauenly and earthly thinges But they are much better that preferre before this knowledge the knowledge whereby to know themselues For truely more prayse worthy is the soule that knoweth his owne infirmity and misery then it which searcheth the course of the starres and natures of things For the soule which waiteth vpon the Lord moued by the feruency of the holy Ghost and imbaseth it selfe before him in his loue and though not able yet willing to enter into him and hee shining oâ— that soule it wayteth on him and findeth him and acknowledging the grief of minde not to bée compared to his mercy hath good cause méekely to wéepe and to beséech him that hee will haue mercy and compassion on it and to put from it all misery This poore soule néedy and sorrowfull knowledge puffeth not vp because loue and charity edifieth and establisheth it For man setteth before him knowledge that is to know himselfe and his owne infirmities rather then to know the force and vertue of hearbes and the nature of all liuing creatures and setting before him this knowledge hée setteth before him griefe and sorrow that is in what hee hath rebelled and lailed in in this his life and pilgrimage in the earth considering of his owne country which hee is to go to and to sée his liuing and eternal God He sorroweth that he is kept in banishment and exile because hee is delayed and put off from his kingdome Hee sorroweth whilest hee calleth to minde what and how great euils he hath done and what intollerable paines for them hee is like to suffer CHAP. XIII That the soule cannot containe it selfe in good thoughts WHen I doe consider what the nature of the Soule is which can giue life to the flesh but cannot as it desireth containe it selfe in good thoughts I doe finde a certaine spirit belonging to vnderstanding liuing by the power of the Creator and quickening the body which it nourisheth and maintaineth But notwithstanding subiect to vanity and changeablenesse which often times myrth and gladnesse lifteth vp feare troubleth iniquity mortifieth righteousnesse reuiueth for in trueth the life of the Soule is God the death of the Soule is
namely that as thou hast raised vp my body from fast and sound sléepe so also thou wilt deliuer my mind from the sléepe of sinne and from the darknes of this world and after death restore the same body to life as well as thou hast called it again from sléepe For that which is death to vs is but sléepe vnto thée I pray and beséech thée that through thy goodnesse this body of mine may bee fellow and furtherer of all godlinesse to my soule in this life so as it may also be partner with it of the endlesse felicity in the life to come through Iesus Christ thy Sonne our Lord. For whose sake and by whom thou giuest vs all good and wholesome thinges to our welfare Amen Euening Prayer LOrd Iesus Christ to whose vnconsumeable goodnesse we bee beholden for all things which hast graunted the chearefull light of the day vnto all men both good and bad to doe their businesse in and mercifully giuen them the swéet stilnesse of the night to refresh the powers of their silly bodies and to put away the cares of their mindes to aswage their sorrowes For so much as thou thy selfe performest all these things much more beneficially to them that loue thée to whom thou giuest a farre greater light by the grace of faith to doe all déedes of godlinesse by then doth the shining of the Sunne vnto the world Insomuch as thy promises neuer suffer them to faint but the comfort of thy spirit putteth away all cumberances of minde farre more effectually then any sleepe of the body And the whole man resteth not more sweetly or safely in any thing then in thy mercy O deare Redéemer I â—eseech thee that if I haue done any thing this day through humaine frailty negligence which hath offended thine eies pardon it for thine wonted goodnesse sake and grant therwithall that this night may be happy to mee by thy prospering thereof pure by thy preseruing of me safe from the nightly illusions of wicked féends through thy protection so as this sléepe may make both my body and mind more chearefull and lusty to serue thee to morrow Moreouer because this life hath not one houre certaine whensoeuer the euentide therof commeth and the long sleepe of the body groweth vpon mee from which we shall not wake till the dead rise againe at the sound of thine Angelles Trumpet I beseech thee lighten thou then the eyes of my mind so as I may not sleepe in euerlasting death by the quenching of my faith but rest in thee to whom euen the dead are aliue Which liuest and raignest with the Father and the holy Ghost one God world without ende Amen Augustine his Ladder to Paradice BEing busied on a certaine day with the bodily labour of hands when I had begunne to consider of a spirituall mans exercise Foure degrees or steppes suddenly offered themselues vnto my consideration which were Reading Meditation Prayer and Contemplation This is the Ladder of secluded men of solitary men wherewith they are lifted vp into heauen it is a Ladder distinguished and noted but with a few degrees or stepps and yet of an vnmeasurable and incredible greatnesse The first part of the which is stayed vpon the earth but the vppermost part pierceth the clouds and searcheth the secrets of the Heauens These degrees or steps as in names and number they are diuers so in order and number they are distinguished· Whose properties and benefites surely euery of them what they may bring to passe in vs How betweene themselues they differ and excell if any one would throughly consider whatsoeuer labour or study he shal bestow in them be shall briefely and easily thinke and thinke againe vpon them in regard of the greatnesse of their profite sweetnesse and delight For Reading is a diligent and earnest looking on the scriptures with a bending and strayning of the mind Meditation is a studious action of the minde searching out the knowledge of the secret truth by the leading of ones owne and speciall reason Prayer is a deuout intention of the minde to God for the putting away of euill things and the obtaining of things that are good Contemplation is a certaine lifting vp of a stayed minde to God tasting the ioyes of eternall sweetnesse A discription of the parts and duties of those foure degrees THerefore the discriptions of the foure degrees assigned it remaineth that wee should sée their parts and duties Reading searcheth Meditation findeth Prayer sueth or maketh intercession Contemplation féeleth or tasteth Wherevpon the Lord himselfe saith Seeke and ye shall find knocke and it shall bee opened vnto you Seeke by reading and yee shall finde in meditating Knocke ye by Prayer and it shall bee opened to you in contemplation Reading setteth the mouth as it were to sound meate Meditation cheweth and breaketh Prayer obtayneth tast Contemplation is the same sweetnesse which gladdeth and comforteth Reading is in the barke or shell Meditation in the fat Prayer in the supplication of desire Contemplation in the delectation of gotten sweetnesse which that it may appeare more plaine I will apply one example out of many I heare in reading Blessed are the cleane ' n hart for they shall see God Beholde a short sentence but swéet and manifolde in knowledge I come ouer and beside to the feede of the soule as it were of a Grape the which thing after the soule hath diligently séene into it sayth within it selfe may there be any good I will come to my heart and will try if happely I may vnderstand and finde this cleannesse for this thing is precious and worthy to bee 1 wished for the possessors of which are called Gods to whom is promised the sight of God which is eternall use which is commended with so many testimonies of holy scriptures Therefore destring this thing more plainely to be expounded to it selfe it beginneth to chew and breake this grape and putts it into the presse vntill it mooueth reason to search out whether this cleannesse so precious and worthy to be wished for can be and how it may be bad The office of Meditation THEN commeth Diligent and earnest Meditation it farieth not behinde it hath not any thing in the superficie or outside of another it pitcheth foote it pierceth the inward parts it seeketh euery corner it considereth beedely that he hath not sayde Blessed be the cleane in body but in minde because it sufficeth not to haue harmeles hands from euill worke but that also we should bée â—lensed in mind from wicked thoughts Which is confirmed by the authority of the Prophet saying Who shall ascend into the hill of the Lord or who shall rise vp in his holy place euen he that hath cleane hands and a pure heart Also this Meditation it considereth this cleannesse of heart which the same Prophet would Thinke also how carefull blessed Iob was in keeping this who said I haue made a couenant with mine eyes that I would â—ot thinke
applyed it selfe to heauenly ioyes so suddenly to bee suppressed with vncleane thoughts and sinnes The stepps of the Bridegroome are but yet fresh in it and now adulterous desires are let in It euill beséemeth and t is a filthy thing the eares which euen now heard the wordes which are not lawfull for man to speake and so soone to bee inclined to heare fables and slanders the eyes which euen now were baptised with holy and deuoute teares so suddenly to be turned to beholde vanities the tongue which euen now swéetly song the wedding song which had reconciled the Bride her bridegroom with eloquent perswasions and now lead her into the tauerne again to bee turned into vaine spéeches to scoffing and scurrillity to forge deceits and to report euill Lord be it far from vs. But if it happen we slide into such falts through humaine infirmity we should not then dispaire but let vs runne backe agine to that milde and mercifull Phisition who taketh the simple out of the dust and lifteth the poore out of the myre and which will not the death of a sinner he will againe cure vs. Let vs pray God therefore that those impediments which wtdraw vs from his Contemplation that for the present he will mitigate them in vs and hereafter vtterly take them from vs. Who bring vs by those foresayd degrées from vertue to vertue vntill wee sée the God of Gods in Sion Where the Elect shall not receiue the swéetnesse of Divine Contemplation droppe after droppe but incessantly replenished with the riuer of pleasure shall haue that ioy which no man shall take from them and peace not subiect to any alteration peace into it selfe Amen THE SINNERS GLASSE CHAP. I. How God gaue the soule to Man IN the beginning God on the sixt day gaue to man and woman reasonable soules such as continually hee breatheth into euery one in their creation My Father sayth Christ worketh euen till now and I also worke The flesh is begotten of the flesh But one soule begets not an other Touching all other liuing creatures it is saide in the first of Genesis Let the waters bring forth c. And let the earth bring forth liuing creatures c. But neither the water nor earth bringeth forth the Soule for God inspireth that into man And man hath not originall sinne by reason of the soule but by the flesh from whence the soule is made guilty of the first fault or original sinne which the flesh draweth or powreth into the soule with which flesh the soule is vnited in person although differing in nature for the acts déedes of the body are of one sort and the actions of the soule of another And yet notwithstanding the vices of the body may charge the soule Because the Soule was giuen to that ende that it should correct the vnlawfull motions of the flesh whether they happen by negligence or ignorance which cannot be excused Like as when the scholler or seruant by the negligence of the teacher or master doth offend the teacher or master cannot bée without blame So no lesse can the soule bée blameles when it ought to gouerne and cause the flesh to obey CHAP. II. A distinction between the spirit and the soule THe Soule and the spirit although they bee two wordes and names it is not to be vnderstoode that they are of seuerall essence or being in a man but are clearely one essence and substance as selfe one of pure nature for in these two words as there is not vnderstood a double substance yet in them there is a difference to be noted by a double force of the same essence or being in a man As thus the spirit is taken as the higher and the soule is taken as the lower or inferior part The soule in that it is a liuely and an euerlasting thing and maintaining life in the body is reckoned as it were the lower part But the spirit in that it is spirituall flyeth vp to the highest and is serued from the Soule that it might be vnited to God because as it is written that cleauing to God is one spirit with him Happy is that diuision of the spirit from the soule and maruailous which beeing lifted vp vnto the Lord is transformed into his Image And thus at that present instant lifting vp of the Spirit the soule which is the inferior part is most quietly in peace and great tranquilitie And the spirit which is the higher and purer part is exalted into excellent glory and reioycing My soule saith the virgine doth magnifie the Lord and my spirit reioyceth in God my Sauiour Men may perceiue being touched by the word of God either in their sorrow and contrition being cast downe by the power of the same word or comforted therby how the soule and spirit are deuided For as the very truth saith the word of God is quicke and of great force more piercing then the two edged sword euen reaching out to the diuision of the soule and the Spirit So that no diuision amongst men is so much to bée marueiled at as when that which is essentially one and indiuideable should be parted in it selfe Now before that this soule and spirit doe leaue our bodies we must consider and vnderstand an other spirit a leaged by the Apostle which is the grace of the holy spirit the which the Apostle doth pray that it may remaine in vs sound and whole because that spirit doth flie from that which is fained and remoueth it selfe from the thoughts which be wtout vnderstanding Therefore with continuall Meditation wee should exercise our selues and consider our miseries and wants our labours and sorrowes For we entred into this life with mourning and liue in it with trauell and must againe put it of with paine and feare Therefore wée ought to thinke how short our life is how fraile a life it is how certaine it is that wee shall die and how vncertaine the howre of death is Let vs cōsider with how many bitter griefes life is mixed if any thing bée swéet and ioyfull in the way of this life fanning on vs how deceitfull it is and to bée suspected how vnconstant and transitory it is whatsoeuer the loue of this world bringeth forth whatsoeuer shew or temporall brauery it promiseth On the other side let vs consider the pleasant beauty and swéetenes of our heauenly coūtry Let vs take heede and well weigh from whence wee are fallen and where we lie what we haue lost and what we find that on both parts wee may vnderstand how much wee ought to mourne and lament in this exile and banishment And then hereupon it is that Salomon saith he that setteth before him knowledge setteth before him sorrow Because by how much the more a man knoweth his euils by so much the more hee hath cause and ought to sigh and grone CHAP. III. How man is made to the Image of his creator THe reasonable soule belonging to vnderstanding is made