Selected quad for the lemma: death_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
death_n	body_n	soul_n	spirit_n	17,497	5	5.6554	4	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A43326	A new discovery of a vast country in America extending above four thousand miles between New France and New Mexico, with a description of the great lakes, cataracts, rivers, plants and animals : also the manners, customs, and languages of the several native Indians ... : with a continuation, giving an account of the attempts of the Sieur De la Salle upon the mines of St. Barbe, &c., the taking of Quebec by the English, with the advantages of a shorter cut to China and Japan : both parts illustrated with maps and figures and dedicated to His Majesty, K. William / by L. Hennepin ... ; to which is added several new discoveries in North-America, not publish'd in the French edition.; Nouvelle découverte d'un très grand pays situé dans l'Amérique entre le Nouveau Mexique et la mer Glaciale. English	Hennepin, Louis, 17th cent.; La Salle, Robert Cavelier, sieur de, 1643-1687.; Joliet, Louis, 1645-1700.; Marquette, Jacques, 1637-1675.	1698 (1698)	Wing H1450; ESTC R6723	330,063	596

remained for some while fluttering in the Air not finding Ground whereon to put her Foot But that the Fishes moved with Compassion for her immediately held a Consultation to deliberate which of them should receive her The Tortoise very officiously offered its Back on the Surface of the Water The Woman came to rest upon it and fixed her self there Afterwards the Filthiness and Dirt of the Sea gathering together about the Tortoise there was formed by little and little that vast Tract of Land which we now call America They add that this Woman grew weary of her Solitude wanting some body for to keep her Company that so she might spend her time more pleasantly Melancholy and Sadness having seiz'd upon her Spirits she fell asleep and a Spirit descended from above and finding her in that Condition approach'd and knew her unperceptibly From which Approach she conceived two Children which came forth out of one of her Ribs But these two Brothers could never afterwards agree together One of them was a better Huntsman than the other they quarrelled every day and their Disputes grew so high at last that one could not bear with the other One especially being of a very wild Temper hated mortally his Brother who was of a milder Constitution who being no longer able to endure the Pranks of the other he resolved at last to part from him He retired then into Heaven whence for a Mark of his just Resentment he causeth at several times his Thunder to rore over the Head of his unfortunate Brother Some time after the Spirit descended again on that Woman and she conceived a Daughter from whom as the Salvages say were propagated these numerous People which do occupy now one of the greatest parts of the Universe How fabulous soever this History is yet one may perceive in it some Glimpse of Truth The Sleep of that Woman with the Birth of her two Sons hath some resemblance to the Sleep of Adam during which God took ●ut one of his Ribs and therewith formed Eve The Disunion of the two Brothers is the Image of the implacable Hatred of Cain to Abel The Retreat of him who retir'd to Heaven doth represent the Death of Abel and the Thunderclaps from Heaven denote well enough the Curse which God pronounced against that miserable Cain who was the Murtherer of his Brother It is a lamentable thing to consider with how many Whimsies the Devil intoxicates the Minds of these poor Salvages Although they esteem all Souls Corporeal for they understand nothing else by their Otkon Atahauta or Manitou but I know not what sort of a Material Spring which gives Life and Motion to all Things Yet they nevertheless pretend to believe the Immortality of the Soul and another Life after this in which they are to roul in all sorts of Pleasures and where they are to find especially Hunting in Perfection Fishing in Abundance Indian Corn in great Quantities for those that sow it for there are those among them that do not Tobacco and a thousand other both Curiosities and Necessaries They hold that the Soul does not immediately leave the Body after Death wherefore they always bury along with it a Bow Arrows Indian Corn and fat Meat to the end say they that the Dead may subsist thereupon 'till they can arrive in the Country where the Souls reside As they afford Souls to all living Creatures so they think that after Death Men continue to hunt the Souls of Beavers Elks Foxes Otters Sea-wolfs and other Animals They believe likewise that the Souls of those Rackets that they make use of to keep them from sinking into the Snow in Winter time will be of the same use to 'em in the other World as also the Souls of Bows and Arrows to kill Beasts withal They have also the same Thoughts concerning Fishing in a manner that according to their Opinion these Souls have likewise the same Occasion for Arms for that Sport The Bodies which they bury Seven or Eight Foot deep have no other need of these Arms and Provision which they put into the Grave with them than to serve them for their Voyage into the other World They imagine that these Souls walk visibly in their Villages for a certain time and that they partake of all their Feasts and Merriments and therefore they always assign them their several Portions Many of these People carry their Superstition to that Degree as to have several General Feasts for the Dead accompany'd with Songs dreadful Cries Banquets Dances and Presents of different sorts For this purpose they drag Corps out of the Villages and even the Bones of those whose Flesh is consum'd all which they call Bundles of Souls They transport them from one Tomb to another set out with Skins of Beasts Collars of Porcelain and other such Riches of their Country They believe that all this contributes mightily towards the Happiness of the Dead I shall not trouble my self here to relate the several Particulars of their Belief upon this Subject the different places and Employs which they assign their Dead the manner after which they believe they sub●●●t their Wars Peace Policy and Laws These 〈…〉 so many extravagant and ridiculous Traditions founded upon Fables which their Ancestors have invented and to which they give so great Credit that they easily pass from one Generation to another for Articles of Faith There is some reason to suspect that the Salvages of America have originally descended from the Iews whereof some few might probably have been cast by Shipwrack upon these Shores for in effect there is a great resemblance between them in several things They build their Huts in form of Pavilions like the Iews They anoint themselves with Oyl and are zealous Observers of Dreams They bewail their Dead with great Lamentations and Noise Their Women wear Mourning for their Husbands a whole Year during which time they forbear Dances and Feasts and have a kind of Fryars Hood on their Heads And most commonly the Father or Brother of the Deceas'd takes care of the Widow As to the rest they seem to have a particular Curse entail'd upon them by God Almighty like the Iews for they are Brutish and Opiniated to the highest Degree They have no fix'd and settled Abode They are very unchast and have moreover such dull Pates that whenever they are told that their Souls are immortal they will presently ask what they shall eat in the other World Besides we may trace the Belief of the Iews according to the Revelation of Moses in what we have already touch'd upon concerning these Salvages Opinion of the beginning of the World But to speak freely these Barbarians seem to me to have no Idea at all of a Deity They believe indeed another World where they expect to enjoy the same Pleasures and Delights they have had here They are a sort of People subject to no Restraint Laws nor any Form of Government or Policy They are extreamly blockish in

Latitude CHAP. XX. An Account of what hapned in our Passage from the Lake Erie unto the Lake Huron I Had often advis'd M. la Salle to make a Settlement upon the Streight between the Lake Erie and Ontario where the Fishery is more plentiful for that Settlement would have been very advantageous to us to maintain our Communication with Fort Frontenac I told him also that it were fit to leave in that Settlement the Smith he and M. la Motte had promis'd to the Iroquois and that it would be a means to engage that wild Nation into our Inteeest and to trade only with us whereby he would grow rich in a little time But M. la Salle and the Adventurers who were with him would not hearken to my Advice and told me that they would make no Settlement within 100 Leagues of their Fort lest other Europeans should get before them into the Country they were going to discover This was their Pretence but I soon observ'd that their Intention was to buy all the Furrs and Skins of the remotest Savages who as they thought did not know their Value and so inrich themselves in one single Voyage I endeavour'd also to perswade him to make a settlement upon this charming Streight for being in the midst of so many Nations of Savages we could not but have a good Trade amongst them This was the Argument I made use of but the main Reason which I kept to my self was to have an Opportunity to preach the Gospel to those ignorant Nations M. la Salle would by no means hearken to my Advice and told me he wonder'd at my Proposal considering the great Passion I had a few Months before for the Discovery of a New Country The Current of that Streight is very violent but not half so much as that of Niagara and therefore we sail'd up with a brisk Gale and got into the Streight between the Lake Huron and the Lake St. Claire this last is very shallow especially at its Mouth The Lake Huron falls into this of St. Claire by several Canals which are commonly interrupted by Sands and Rocks We sounded all of them and found one at last about one League broad without any Sands its depth being every where from three to eight Fathoms Water We sail'd up that Canal but were forced to drop our Anchors near the Mouth of the Lake for the extraordinary quantity of Waters which came down from the Superiour Lake and that of Illionois because of a strong North-West Wind had so much augmented the Rapidity of the Current of this Streight that it was as violent as that of Niagara The Wind turning Southerly we sail'd again and with the help of twelve Men who hall'd our Ship from the Shoar got safely the 23d of August into the Lake Huron We sung Te Deum a second time to return our Thanks to the Almighty for our happy Navigation We found in that Lake a large Bay the Banks of which the ancient Hurons inhabited They were converted to the Christian Religion by the first Franciscans that came into Canada but the Iroquois have in a great measure destroy'd that Nation CHAP. XXI An Account of our Navigation on the Lake Huron to Missilimakinak HAving thus travell'd above 300 Leagues from Quebec to the Lake Huron notwithstanding the rapid Currents and Lakes we went through we continu●d our Voyage from the Mouth of this Lake steering our Course North-North-East but the next Day finding our selves near the Land we steer'd North-North-West and cross'd a Bay call'd Sakinam which may be thirty Leagues broad The 24th we run the same Course but were becalm'd between some Islands where we found but two Fathoms Water which oblig'd us to make an easie sail part of the Night to look for a good Anchorage but in vain and the Wind turning then Westerly we bore to the North to avoid the Coast till the Day appear'd We sounded all the Night long because our Pilot though a very Understanding Man was somewhat negligent The 25th we lay becalm'd till Noon but then run North-West with a brisk Southerly Gale The Wind turning South West we bore to the North to double a Cape but then the Wind grew so violent that we were forc'd to lie by all the Night The 26th the Storm continuing we brought down our Main Yards and Top-Mast and let the Ship drive to the Mercy of the Wind knowing no place to run into to shelter our selves M. la Salle notwithstanding he was a Courageous Man began to fear and told us we were undone and therefore every body fell upon his Knees to say his Prayers and prepare himself for Death except our Pilot whom we could never oblige to Pray and he did nothing all that while but Curse and Swea● against M. la Salle who as he said had brought him thither to make him perish in a nasty Lake and lose the Glory he had acquir'd by his long and happy Navigations on the Ocean However the Wind being somewhat abated we hoisted up our Sail and so we drove not above two Leagues The 27th in the Morning we continu'd our Course North-West with a South-East Wind which carry'd us the same Day to Missilimakinak where we anchor'd in a Bay at six Fathoms Water upon a slimy white Bottom That Bay is shelter'd by the Coast and a Bank from the South-West to the North but it lies expos'd to the South which is very violent in that Country Missilimakinak is a Neck of Land to the North of the Mouth of the Streight through which the Lake of the Illinois discharges it self into the Lake Huron That Canal is about three Leagues long and one broad About fifteen Leagues to the Eastward of Missilimakinak there is another Point at the Mouth of the Streight whereby the Superiour Lake runs into that of Huron which Streight is about five Leagues broad at its Mouth and about fifteen Leagues long but it grows narrow towards the Fall of St. Mary which is a rapid Stream interrupted by several Rocks However a Canow may go up by one side but it requires a great Fatigue and therefore the safest and easiest way is to make a Portage above the Fall to go and Trade with the Savages inhabiting the Banks of the Superiour Lake We lay between two different Nations of Savages those who inhabit the Point of Missilimakinak are call'd Hurons and the others who are about three or four Leagues more Northward are Outtaouatz Those Savages were equally surpriz'd to see a Ship in their Country and the Noise of our Cannon of which we made a general Discharge fill'd them with a great Apprehension We went to see the Outtaouatz and celebrated the Mass in their Habitation M. la Salle was finely dress'd having a Scarlet Cloak with a broad Gold Lace and most of his Men with their Arms attended him The Chief Captains of that People receiv'd us with great Civilities after their own way and some of them came on board with us

of Mind which is to be found in Prayer and the real Advantages which may be drawn from thence when I consider how effectually my own were heard For the same Day being the Twelfth of April as our two Men were boiling one of the Bustards and my self refitting our Canow on the Banks of the River I perceiv'd all of a sudden about Two in the Afternoon no less than fifty Canow's which were made of Bark and mann'd with 120 Savages who were stark naked and came down the River with an extraordinary Swiftness to surprize the Miamis Illinois and Marohans their Enemies We threw away the Broath which was a preparing and getting aboard as fast as we cou'd made towards them crying out thrice Mistigouche and Diatchez which in the Language of the Iroquois and Algonquins is as much as to say Comrades we are Men of Wooden-Canows for so they call those that sail in great Vessels This had no effect for the Barbarians understood not what we said so that they surrounded us immediately and began to let flie their Arrows at a Distance till the Eldest amongst them perceiving that I had a Calumet or Pipe of Peace in my Hand came up to us and prevented our being murder'd by their Warriors These Men who are more brutal than those of the lower River fell a jumping out of their Canow's some upon Land others into the Water surrounding us on all sides with Shrieks and Out-cries that were indeed very terrifying 'T was to no purpose to resist being but three to so great a number One of them snatch'd the Pipe of Peace out of my Hand as our Canow and theirs were fasten'd together on the Bank of the River We presented them with some small Pieces of Martinico Tobacco because it was better than what they had As they receiv'd it the Elders of them cry'd out Miahima Miahima but what they meant by it we know it However we made Signs with ou● Oars upon the Sand that the Miamis their Enemies whom they were in search of had pass'd the River and were upon their Flight to join the Illinois When they saw themselves discover'd and consequently out of all hopes of surprizing their Enemies three or four of the eldest of them laid their Hands on my Head and began to weep bitterly accompanying their Tears with such mournful Accents as can hardly be exprest till with a sorry Handcherchif of Armenian Cloath which I had left I made a shift to dry up their Tears However to very little purpose for refusing to smoak in our Calumet or Pipe of Peace they thereby gave us to understand that their Design was still to murder us Hereupon with an horrid Out-cry which they set up all at once to make it yet the more terrible they hurry'd us cross the River forcing us to redouble the Stroaks of our Oar to make the more speed and entertaining us all the while with such dismal Howls as were capable of striking Terror into the most resolute and daring Souls Being come a-shoar on the other side we unloaded our Canow and landed our Things part of which they had robb'd us of already Some time after our Landing we made a Fire a second time to make an end of boiling our Bustard Two others we presented the Barbarians who having consulted together what they shou'd do with us two of their Leaders came up to us and made us to understand by Signs that their Warriors were resolv'd upon our Death This oblig'd me whilst one of our Canow-Men look'd after our Things to go with the other and apply my self to their Chiefs Six Hatchets fifteen Knives some pieces of Tobacco was the Present that I made them After which bending my Neck and pointing to a Hatchet I signify'd to them by that Submission that we threw our selves on their Mercy The Present had the good Effect to soften some of them who according to their Custom gave us some Flesh of Beaver to eat themselves putting the three first Bits in our Mouths having first blown upon it because the Meat was hot After this they set their Platter before us which was made of the Bark of a Tree leaving us at Liberty to feed after our own fashion These Civilities did not hinder us from passing the Night very uneasily because in the Evening before they went to sleep they had return'd us our Calumet of Peace The two Canow-Men resolv'd to sell their Lives as dear as they cou'd and to defend themselves like Men to the last in Case they shou'd attack us For my part I told them I resolv'd to suffer my self to be slain without the least resistance in imitation of our Saviour who resign'd himself up voluntarily into the Hand of his Executioner However we watch'd all Night by turns that we might not be surpriz'd in our Sleep CHAP. XLVI Resolution which the Barbarians take to carry the Author and his two Men along with them up into their Country above the River Meschasipi THE 13th of April very early in the Morning one of their Captains whose Name was Narrhetoba being one of those who had been for killing us and whose Body was painted all over came and demanded my Pipe of Peace It being deliver●d him he fill'd it with Tobacco of their own growth and made those of his own Band smoak in it first then all the rest that had been for putting us to Death After this he made Signs that we must go with them into their Country whither they were then about to return This Proposal did not startle me much for having caus'd the Enterprize which they had fram'd against their Enemies to miscarry I was not unwilling to imbrace any opportunity of making farther Discoveries amongst these Barbarous Nations That which perplex'd we most was the Difficulty I had of saying my Office and performing the rest of my Devotions in the Presence of these Wretches Many of them observing my Lips to move told me in a harsh severe Tone Ouackanche from whence because we understood not a Word of their Language we concluded them to be very angry Micha●l Ako ●ne of the Canow-Men told me with a frightful Air that if I continu'd to say my Breviary we shou'd infallibly be murther'd by them The Picard du Gay desir'd me at least to say my Prayers in priva●e for fear of enraging them too far The last Advice seem'd the best but the more I endeavour'd to conceal my self the more of them had I at my Heels If at any time I retir'd into the Woods they immediately concluded 't was to hide something So that I knew not which way to turn me for the performance of my Duty for they wou'd never suffer me a Moment out of their Sight This compell'd me at last to acquaint the two Canow-Men that I cou'd no longer dispence with my self in omitting the Duty of my Office That if they shou'd murder us on this account I shou'd indeed be the innocent Cause of their Death as

or Fevers they make a Medicine with a certain Rind that they boil and cause the Patient to swallow it after his Fit is over They are very well acquainted with Herbs and Roots with which they cure abundance of Diseases They have several never-failing Remedies against the Poiso● of Toads Rattle-Snakes and other such Dangerous Creatures but nevertheless they have no Cure at all for the small Pox. There are several Quacks among 'em whereof we ●ave spoken something before under the Name of Juglers They are certain old Salvages that live upon o●her Peoples Purses by pretending to cure this and that Diftemper by Medicines compos'd only of Superstitions They make use of no other Remedies but when the Patient s●nds for one of them he who is pitch'd upon immediately falls to Prayers as if he were going about some difficult and dangerous matter And after thus having pray'd for a good while all of a sudden he starts up and goes along with the Messenger Being arriv'd he immediately approaches the sick Person feeling and groaping all about his Body which at length having sufficiently handled he cries deliberately with a loud Voice He has a Spell or Charm in such a part of his Body whether in his Head Limbs or Stomach according as he thinks fit to pretend He adds further that he must bring this Spell away but which cannot possibly be effected without great Difficulty and that there must be a great deal done before they can hope for Success This Spell continues he is exceedingly malignant but it must nevertheless come away at what rate soever it be Hereupon the Friends of the sick Person who believe implicitely in all the Quack fays cry with a loud Voice Tchagon Tchagon that is Courage Courage do what you can and conceal nothing of what you know Then the Jugler squats down with a great deal of Gravity and considers for a good while about what Remedies he had best to apply After which starting as it were out of a profound Sleep he leaps up again and cries 'T is done 'T is done when turning to the sick Persons Friends he continues The Life of your Friend or Relation is precious therefore spare nothing to preserve it But to Day make a Feast and give such and such a thing do this and t'other and the like At the same time his Orders are executed with a great deal of blind Devotion During which some other of the Salvages enter into a Stove and there set up their Throats in an extravagant manner making up their Concert with a Noise of Tortoise Shells and hollow Pumkins fill'd with Indian Whea● to all which the Men and ●●men never cease Dancing They likewise sometimes get Drunk with Aqua Vitae which they have exchang'd with the Europeans Every body being thus busied and the Old Jugler left alone with the Patient he torments him after an incredible manner by griping his Feet Legs and Thighs and sometimes almost strangling him according as his Opinion is of the place where the Malady lies nay oftentimes he makes the very Blood burst out at his Fingers ends or Toes At last after having plaid over all his Tricks like a true Jugler he produces a piece of Skin a lock of a Womans Hair or some other such thing and tells the standers by That that is the Spell he has drawn from the Body of the Sick Person But notwithstanding to any tolerable sort of Apprehension this is but a very trifling piece of Deceit One Day I Baptiz'd a small Salvage Infant which seem'd to me to be in great danger of Death yet notwithstanding the next Day he was found Cur'd contrary to my Expectation A little while after the Mother told some other Women in my presence that I had recover'd her Child She took me it seems for a Jugler Crying that I was extraordinary expert and could Cure all sorts of Diseases by putting only a little Water on the Head and Fore-head of the Sick Person The Juglers hereupon beginning to Envy me for what the Woman had reported of me began to cry that I was of a Chagrin and Melancholy Humour and that I liv'd upon nothing but Serpents and Poison and moreover that such People as I fed upon Thunder The Salvages hearken'd with a great deal of Astonishment to the Account these Juglers gave of me upon the occasion of my Baptizing this Infant These Impostors further added that we had all Tails like Beasts altho' we took care to conceal ' em And that the Women of Europe have but one Breast which is in the middle of their Bosoms and that they are generally brought to Bed of five or six Children at once They told 'em moreover a great many other such strange Stories of us to render us odious to them They gave us this ●●●racter because they found if we continu'd in favour by the Operation of such wonderful Cures as mine was reported to effect we might in all probability rob 'em of many a good Belly full at the Feasts These good People who are very easie to be impos'd upon began to think strangely of me from this time for afterwards when any Person fell sick among 'em they forthwith came to me to know whether I had not poison'd 'em and that if I did not speedily Cure 'em they would certainly be the Death of me This Whimsey I had no small trouble to get out of their Heads and I have been sometimes forc'd to appease their Fury by giving them Knives Needles Awls and other such Trifles extreamly valu'd by them tho' among us they are of little worth After which I gave 'em a Dose of Mithridate for their sick Friend and so got rid of ' em They have often recourse to our Medicines I suppose because they find 'em good but where they do not succeed they rather lay the Cause on the Physick than the Constitution of the Person CHAP. XIX Of the Constitutions of the Salvages GEnerally speaking these Salvages are strong and Robust both Men Women and Children have naturally a great deal of Vigour which is the Reason they rarely fall sick They never know what it is to live nicely and consequently are never subject to the many Inconveniences our Effeminacy brings upon us They are never troubled with the Stone Gravel Dropsie nor Fevers They never have any of those Distempers that befall the Europeans for want of Exercise They seldom or never want a Stomach They are so extraordinarily addicted to Gluttony that they will rise to eat at Midnight and where they have any Victuals ready by 'em they will then fall to like Dogs in their Kennel without rising They will nevertheless sometimes fast to a degree that it were insupportable to an European Sometimes they will continue two or three Days together without drawing bit especially when they see it necessary and this without neglecting their daily Exercises of War Hunting or Fishing The Children of those that inhabit the North are so inur'd to

Doctrine and precepts of the Gospel and Christian Religion how much more ought Apostoli●k Men to acknowledge and revere this Sovereign and immediate Operation of the spirit of God in regard of those Nations who have no notion of Religion true or f●lse who live without Precept Order or Law without God and without Worship whose Reason is wholly buried in matter and uncapable of the most common Arguments of Faith and Religion Such are the People of Canada all along the River St. Laurence and in general all the other Nations of whom I have made mention in my Louisiana in the preceeding Volume and in this which I am now finishing The Missionaries then must acknowledge with the profoundest Humility that the work of Converting so many blinded Nations is beyond their Force that it appertains alone to the Father of Spirits as St. Paul says who holds the heart of Man in the palm of his hand to remove the veil that covers their eyes to enlighten their understanding and disperse the thick clouds of darkness in which they are inveloped to new mold their inclinations and soften their hearts to civilize and make them susceptible of the Laws which Reason suggests and subject them to those which Religion prescribes in a word to inlighten their minds and lead them by virtue of his Grace into the knowledge of love and truth This is the Foundation of the true Apostle-ship in regard to the Natives of Canada and my other Discoveries and indeed twelve hundred leagues farther up The great Points of Simplicity of Faith of Humility Grace and the Unction of the holy Spirit which I shall always have engraven in my Heart ought then to animate those whom it hath pleased God to call to publish the Gospel amongst these numerous Nations for whose Salvation I shall be ever ready to expose my life and all that I have most ●recious in this World even to the Death But before we hazard the Sacrificing our selves to this end we are to lay it down for our Principle that no one can be effectually drawn to Iesus Christ the Son of God if the Father of Lights draw him not by the virtue of his Victorious Grace That his Invisible Spirit moves and inspires when it pleases and where That the very Moments proper for the dispensation of his Grace are known to God and are in his power as the Father and Master of our Destiny and that having called all Men to Faith in the Fulness of his bounty which is common to all he gives them in his appointed time such natural and interior Graces as are sufficient to lead them to the Truth the work is not altogether of him that runs nor of him that wills but of him chiefly that touches and inlightens thro' the Effect of his great Mercy That therefore with greater reason the work and the glory of it is not his that Preaches or his that Plants or tha● Waters these are but weak and feeble Instruments but his indeed who gives the increase That Faith is the gift of God That the Sacrifice of all Nature can not merit by any right so much as the first Grace of Vocation so far is it from falling within the Compass of our m●rit That Men labour in vain to erect the Spiritual building of Faith if God be not on their side to prepare and dispose the Work An humble Simplicity ought therefore to run through and be as it were the very Soul of all the Apostolick labours of the Missionaries who have either gone before or shall come after me for the winning of Souls to Jesus Christ in the many vast Discoveries which I have made in Canada and amongst the other Nations of my Louisiana and the drawing them to their Ministry through this spirit of dependency as simple Organs and mere instruments of his Charity to whom alone ought to be given the glory of the Conversion of the little flock and if at any time the progress we mak● be not answerable to our zealous endeavours then ought we with the profoundest submission and resignation to the will of God to rest highly satisfied within our felves when we can say we have done our part and what was expected of us in our Ministry tho after all we must own our selves to be unprofitable Servants I beg of God upon my bended knees with my hands lifted up to Heaven as I am now finishing this 3 d Volume of my Discoveries that he would be pleased to imprint yet deeper in my heart those humble and submissive thoughts which I ought to have to his Orders and those of my Superiours touching the Salvation of those several Nati●ns which have been buried so many Ages in the darkness of Ignorance that he would enable me to Sacrifice the best of my days to so good an end freely resigning my self to the holy dispensation of his Providence whether Life or Death and that I may be so happy as to leave behind me an example truly Apostolical worthy the imitation of all Missionaries full of light and ability grace and virtue zeal and courage to hazard all things for the Conversion of Souls encounter the boldest difficulties and bear up under the greatest disappointments and mortifications for the fulfilling of their Ministery I pray God with all my heart that Missionaries of all Orders might spread themselves in their Missions from one Sea to the other that with me they might be of the number of the chosen Vessels ordained to carry the name of the Lord amongst the People and Nations that Inhabit the utmost parts of the Earth and that the Providence of Him that I adore would be pleased to strengthen his Church Militant with a greater number of Labourers who by their Ministry may enlarge the Vineyard and second the Endeavours of all the other Orders both Regular and Secular in the New Plantations of the Kingdom of Iesus Christ. Jane Williams AN ACCOUNT OF SEVERAL New Discoveries IN North-America AN ACCOUNT OF New-France M. Ioliet who was sent by Count Frontenac to discover a Way into the South-Sea brought an exact Account of his Voyage with a Map of it but his Canow being over-set at the Foot of the Fall of St. Louis in sight of Montroyal his Chest and his two Men were lost therefore the following Account contains only what he has remembred I set out from the Bay of Puans in the Latitude of 42 Degrees 4 Minutes and having travell'd about 60 Leagues to the Westward I found a Portage and carrying our Canow's over-land for half a League I embark'd with six Men on the River Misconsing which brought us into the Meschasipi in the Latitude of 42 Degrees and an half on the 15 th of Iune 1674. This Portage is but 40 Leagues from the Mississipi This River is half a League broad its Stream is gentle to the latitude of 38 Degrees for a River from the West-North-West which runs into it increase so much its Rapidity that we cou'd make

well as my own that therefore I ran the same Risque as they but that no Danger was great enough to justifie me in the dispensing with my Duty In fine the Barbarians understood by the Word Ouackanche that the Book in which I read was an Evil Spirit as I afterwards understood by being amongst them However I then knew by their Gestures that they had an aversion for it Wherefore to use them to it by degrees I was wont to sing the Litanies as we were upon the Way holding the Book in my Hand They fondly believ'd my Breviary was a Spirit which taught me to sing thus thus for their Diversion All these People naturally love Singing CHAP. XLVII The many Outrages done us by the Savages before we arriv'd in their Country They frequently design against our Lives THE many Outrages which were done us by these Barbarians thro' the whole Course of our Voyage are not to be imagin'd Our Canow was both bigger and heavier laden than Theirs They seldom ●arry any thing but a Quiver full of Arrows a Bow and some sorry Skin or other which usually serves two of them for a Coverlet The Nights were sharp as yet for the Season by reason of our advancing still Northwards so that at Night 't was necessary to keep our selves as warm as we cou'd Our Conductors observing that we did not make so much Way as themselves order'd three of their Warriors to go aboard us One seated himself on my Left the other two behind the Men to help them to row that we might make the more haste The Barbarians sometimes row no less than thirty Leagues a Day when they are in haste to take the Field and design to surprize their Enemies Those who took us were of divers Villages and as much divided in their Sentiments in regard of us Every Evening 't was our peculiar Care to plant our Cabin near the young Chief who had taken Tobacco in our Pipe of Peace signifying to him thereby that we put our selves under his Protection This we did by reason of the Divisions which reign'd among the Savages Aquipaguelin one of their Cheifs who had a Son kill'd by the Miamis finding he cou'd not revenge himself of that Nation thought of venting his Passion upon us Every Night wou'd he bewail his Son whom he had lost in the War thinking thereby to stir up those of his Band to revenge his Death kill us seize our Effects and after that pursue the Miamis But the other Savages who were very fond of European Commodities thought it more adviseable to protect us that other Europeans might be encourag'd to come amongst them They chiefly desir'd Guns upon which they set the highest value having seen the use of them upon one of our Canow-Men's killing three or four Bustards or Wild-Turkeys at one single Discharge of his Fusil whereas they cou'd not kill above one at a time with their Bows We have understood by them since that the Words Manza Ouakanché signifie Iron possest by an Evil Spirit So they call the Fusil which breaks a Man's Bones whereas their Arrows glide only between the Flesh and the Muscles which they pierce without breaking the Bone very seldom at least For which reason it is that these People do much ●asier cure the Wounds which are made by the Arrow or Dart than those of the Fusil When we were first taken by the Barbarians we were got about an hundred and fifty Leagues up the River from that of the Illinois We row'd afterwards in their Company for nineteen Days together sometimes North sometimes North-East as we judg'd by the Quarters from whence the Wind blew and according to the best Observations we cou'd make by our Compass So that after these Barbarians had forc'd us to follow them● we made more than two hundred and fifty Leagues upon that same River The Savages are of an extraordinary force in a Canow They 'll row from Morning to Night without resting or hardly allowing themselves so much time as to eat their Victuals To oblige us to follow them the faster there were usually four or five of their Men a-board us for our Canow was larger and deeper loaden than theirs so that we had need of their Assistance to be able to keep 'em company When it rain'd we set up our Cabins but when 't was fair the Heavens were our Canopy By this means we had leisure of taking our Observations from the Moon and the Stars when it was clear Notwithstanding the fatigue of the Day the youngest of the Warriors went at Night and danc'd the Reed before four or five of their Captains till midnight The Captain to whose Quarter they went sent with a deal of Ceremony to those that Danc'd a Warrior of his own Family to make them Smoak one after another in his own Reed of War which is distinguish'd from that of Peace by its Feathers This sort of Ceremony is always concluded by the two Youngest of those who have had any Relations kill'd in the Wars These take several Arrows and laying them a-cross at the point present them in that manner to their Captains weeping very bitterly who notwithstanding the excess of theit Sorrow return them back to be kiss'd In short neither the Fatigues of the Day nor Watchings are sufficient to prevail with the Elders so much as to shut their Eyes most of them watching till almost break of Day for fear of being surpriz'd by their Enemies As soon as the Morning appears one of them sets up the ordinary Cry when in a moment the Warriors are all in their Canow's Some are sent to encompass the Islands and see what Game they can meet with whilst others more swift go by Land to discover by the Smoak the Place where the Enemies lie CHAP. XLVIII The Advantages which the Savages of the North have over those of the South in relation to the War As also the Ceremony which was perform'd by one of our Captains having caus'd us to halt at Noon WHen the Savages of the North are at War 't is their custom to post themselves upon the point of some one of those many Islands of which this River is full where they look upon themselves to be always safe Those of the South who are their Enemies have nothing but Pyrogues or Canow's of Wood with which they cannot go very fast because of their weight None but the Northern Nations have Birch to make Canow's of Bark The People of the South are depriv'd of this Advantage whereas those of the North can with an admirable facility pass from Lake to Lake and River to River to attack their Enemy Nay when they are discover'd they value it not provided they have time to recover their Canow's for 't is impossible for those who pursue them either by Land or in the Pyrogues to do it with any success As to what relates to Ambuscades no Nation in the World comes near those Northern Sava●es being patient of Hunger and the