the parties which are to be exercised and what they are to obserue nowe must I saye somwhat of him and to him which is to direct the exercise and how he may procure sufficient knowledge wherby to do it exceeding well And yet the trainers person is but a parcell of that person whom I do charge with the whole For I do assigne both the framing of the minde and the training of the bodie to one mans charge whose sufficiencie may verie well satisfie both being so neare companions in linke and not to be vncoupled in learning The causes why I medle in this place with the training maister or rather the training parte of the common maister be these first I did promise in my methode of exercises so to do secondly the late discours of exercise will somwhat lighten this matter and whatsoeuer shall be said here may easely be reuiued there where I deale with the generall maister Beside this exercise being so great a braunche of education as the sole traine of the whole bodie maye well commaunde such a particular labour though in deede I seuer not the persons where I ioine the properties For in appointing seuerall executions where the knowledge is vnited and the successe followeth by the continuall comparing of the partes how they both maye or how they both do best proceede in their best way how can that man iudge wel of the soule whose trauell consisteth in the bodie alone or how shall he perceiue what is the bodies best which hauing the soule onely committed to his care posteth ouer the bodie as to an other mans reckening In these cases both fantsie workes affection and affection ouerweyneth either best liking where it fantsieth most or most following where it affecteth best as it doth appeare in Diuines who punish the bodie to haue the soule better and in Physicians who looke a side at the soule bycause the bodie is there best Where by the way I obserue the different effectes which these two subiectes being seuered in charge do offer vnto their professours For the health of the soule is the Diuines best both for his honest delite that it doth so well and for his best ease that himselfe faires so well For an honest vertuous godly and well disposed soule doth highly esteeme and honorably thinke of the professour of diuinitie and teacher of his religion bycause vertuous dealinges godly meditations heauently thoughtes which the one importeth be the others portion and the best food to a well affected minde Whervpon in such a healthy disposition of a well both informed and reformed soule the Diuine can neither lacke honor for his person nor substance for his purse Now to the contrarie the health of the bodie which is the Physicians subiect is generally his worst though it be the ende of his profession which though he be glad of his owne good nature as he is a man or of his good conscience as he is a Christian that the bodie doth wel yet his chymny doth not smoke where no pacient smartes For the healthfull bodie commonly careth not for the Physician it is neede that makes him sought And as the Philosopher sayeth if all men were freindes then iustice should not neede bycause no wrong would be offered so if all bodies were whole that no distemperature enforced or if the Diuine were well and duetifully heard that no intemperance distempered Physick should haue small place Now the contrary dealinges bycause the diuine is not heard and distemperature not auoided do enforce Physick for the healing parte of it as the mother of the professours gaine where as the preseruing part neither will be kept by the one neither enricheth the other In these two professions we do generally see what the seuering of such neare neighbours doth bring to passe like two tenantes in one house belonging to seuerall lordes And yet the affections of the one so tuch the other as they cause sometimes both the Diuine to thinke of the body for the better support of the soule and the Physician to thinke of the soule to helpe him in his cure with comfort and courage The seuering of those two sometime shew vs verie pitifull conclusions when the Diuine diliuers the desperate sicke soule ouer to the secular magistrate and a forcible death by waye of punishement and the Physician deliuereth the desperate sicke bodie to the Diuines care and a forced ende by extremitie of disease I dare not saye that these professions might ioyne in one person and yet Galene examining the force which a good or ill soule hath to imprint the like affections in the bodie would not haue the Physiciā to tarie for the Phylosopher but to play the parte himselfe Where to much distraction is and subalterne professions be made seuerall heads there the professions make the most of their subiectes the subiectes receiue least good though they parte from most And seuerall professing makes the seuerall trades to swell beyond proportion euerie one seeking to make the most of his owne nay rather vanting his owne as simply the highest though it creepe very low And therefore in this my traine I couch both the partes vnder one maisters care For while the bodie is committed to one and the soule commended to an other it falleth out most times that the poore bodie is miserably neglected while nothing is cared for but onely the soule as it proueth true in very zealous Diuines and that the soule it selfe is but sillyly looked to while the bodie is in price and to much borne with as is generally seene and that in this conflicte the diligent scholer in great strength of soule beares most what about him but a feeble weake and a sickish bodie Wherefore to haue the care equally distributed which is due to both the partes I make him but one which dealeth with both For I finde no such difficultie but that either for the cunning he may compasse it or for the trauell he maye beare it hauing all circunstances free by succession in houres Moreouer as the temperature of the soule smelleth of the temperature of the bodie so the soule being well affected will draw on the bodie to her bent For will a modest and a moderate soule but cause the body obey the rule of her temperance or if the soule it selfe be reclaymed from follie doth it not constraine the bodie forth with to follow So that it were to much to sunder them in charge whose dispositions be so ioyned and the skill of such facilitie as may easely be attained and so much the sooner bycause it is the preseruing parte which requireth most care in the partie and but small in the trainer as the healinge part of Physicke requireth most cunning in the professour and some obedience in the patient I do make great account of the parties skill that is to execute matters which besides diligence require skill for if he be skilfull himselfe it almost needes not to giue precept If he be not
and their wittes most wearied in which kinde studentes be no one small part but the greatest of all which so vse their mindes as if they cared not for their bodies and yet so neede their bodies as without the strength and soundnesse wherof they be good for nothing but to moane themselues and to make other maruell why they take no more heede how to do that long which they do so well being a thing within compasse of their owne care and knowledge For who is so grosse as he will denie that exercise doth good and that so great as is without comparison seing olde Asclepiades is by Galene confuted and stawled for an asse as Erasistratus also his dissembling freind or who is so sore tied either to studie or to stocks as he cannot stirre himselfe if he will or ought not if he may But the matter being confessed euen by the most idle and vnweildy to be healthfull and good I shall neede no more reason to procure assent and allowaunce for exercise My whole trauell therfore must be to finde out and set foorth what shalbe requisite to the perfourmaunce of this point concerning the traine and exercising of the body that it may proue healthy liue long and be ready to assist all the actions of the minde Wherein therfore consisteth the health of the bodie and how is it to be maintained vntill such time as nature shall dismantle and pull it downe her selfe To aunswere this question and withall to declare how great an officer to health exercise is I will first shew wherin health doth consiste and how diseases do come then how health is maintained and disease auoided Last of all how great a parte is appointed for exercise to plaie in the perfourmaunce therof bycause I saye and not I alone but Galen also that great Physician neither Galen onely though sufficient alone but all that euer liued were cheife of that liuerie that who so can applie the minde well with learning and the bodie with exercise shall make both a wise minde and a healthfull bodie in their best kinde Wherefore seing I haue set downe wherein the traine of the minde doth consist so much as the Elementarie course doth admit and must perfourme and so farre as these my Positions require at this time whose profession is not to tary though it tuche them I wil now handle that other part of exercise wherwith the bodie is either to be kept in health or to be helpt to health and that not onely in the Elementarie to whom this treatise should seeme to aunswere but also in the generall student during his whole life which must alwaye rule himselfe by those circunstances which direct the application of exercise according to time age c. and shalbe handled herafter There be in the bodie of man the force of foure elementes fire and aire water and earth and the pith of their primitiue principall qualities heat and couldnesse moysture and drynesse which the Physicians call the similarie partes of the similitude and likenesse that they haue not the one to the other but the partes of eche to their owne whole bycause euerie least part or degree of these great ones beare the name of the whole as euerie part or parcell of fier is called fier no lesse then the whole fier of water water of aier aier of earth earth and euerie degree of heat is heat of cold is cold of moysture is moysture of drynesse is drynesse though greater and smaller lesse and more be epithetes vnto them as either their quantitie or qualitie doth sprede or close There be also in the same bodie certaine instrumentall partes compounded and consisting in substance of the similarie which the bodie doth vse in the executing of the naturall functions and workinges therof Now when these similarie partes be so tempered and disposed as no one doth excede any other in proportion to ouerrule but all be as one in consent to preserue and the instrumentall partes also be so correspondent one to an other in composition and greatnesse in number and measure as nature thorough the temperature of the first may absolutely vse the perfectnesse of the last to execute and perfourme without let or stoppe what appertaineth to the maintenaunce of her selfe it is called health and the contrarie disease both in the whole bodie and in euery part therof In the whole bodie by distemperature of the whole in some part by composition out of place and disioynted by greatnes being to bigge or to small by measure being misshapen and fashionles by number being to many and needlesse or to few and failing This health whether it be in the middle degre wherin all executions be complete without any sensible let and no infirmitie appeareth that the bodie feeles with any plaine offence Or if it be in the perfectest degree which is so seldom as neuer any saw bycause of great frailty and britlenesse in our nature it neuer continueth in one estate but altereth still and runnes to ruyne without both speedy and daily nay without hourely reparation The causes which alter and chaunge it so be somtime from within the bodie and were borne with it sometime from without and yet not without daunger From within the verie propertie and pithe of our originall substance and matter whence we grew altereth vs first which as it beginneth and groweth in moysture so it endeth and stayeth in drynesse and in the ende decayeth the bodie with to much drynesse which extreame though naturall withering we call olde age which though it come by course and commaundement of nature yet beareth it the name and title of disease bycause it decayeth the bodie and deliuereth it to death From within also the continuall rebating and falling awaye of somwhat from the bodie occasioneth much chaunge nay that is most cause of greatest chaunge and killeth incontinent by meere defect if it be not supplyed To these two causes of inward alteration there aunswere two other forreine causes both vnholesome and perillous the aire which enuironneth vs and violence which is offered vs. The former of the two decaing our health with to much heat cold drynesse and moysture of it selfe or by noysomnesse of the soile and corruption in circunstance The second by strong hand brusing or breaking wounding or wiping awaie of some one part of the bodie or els killing the whole consort of the bodie with the soule and taking away life from it These foure ouerthrowes of our bodies and health olde age waste aire and violence finde by helpe of nature and arte certaine oppositions which either diuert them quite if they maye be auoided or kepe them of longer if they maye be differred or mittigate their malice when it is perceiued For forreine violence foresight will looke to where casualtie commaundes not and cannot be foreseene For infection by the aire that it do not corrupte and marre so much as it would wisedome will prouide and defende the bodie from
the iniuries and wronges therof That olde age grow not on to fast circunspectnes in diet consideration in clothes diligence in well doing wil easely prouide both for the minde not to enfect first it selfe and then the bodie and for the bodie not to enforce the minde by too impotent desires That waste weare not meat takes in chardge to supplie that is drye and decayeth drinke promiseth to restore moysture when it doth diminishe the breath it selfe and arteriall pulse looke to heating and cooling And Physick in generall professing foresight to preuent euills and offering redresse when they haue done harme so not incurable doth direct both those and all other meanes Now in all these helpes and most beneficiall aides of our afflicted nature which deuiseth all meanes to saue her selfe harmelesse and deliteth therin when she is discharged of infirmities to much stuffes and stiffles to litle straites and pines both vndoe the naturall To much meat cloyes to litle faintes both perishe the principall To much liquour drownes to litle dryes both corrupt the carcasse Heat burnes cold chilles in excesse both to much in defect both to litle and both causes to decaie Mediocritie preserueth not onely in these but in whatsoeuer els But now what place hath exercise here to helpe nature by motion in all these her workinges and wayes for health to encrease and encourage the naturall heat that it maye digest quickly and expell strongly to fashion and frame all the partes of the bodie to their naturall and best hauiour to helpe to rid needelesse and superfluous humours reffuse and reiected excrementes which nature leaues for naught when she hath sufficiently fed and wisheth rather they were seene abrode then felt within And be not these great benefites to defend the body by defeating diseases to stay the minde by strengthening of her meane to assist nature being both daily and daungerously assailed both within and without to helpe life to continue long to force death to kepe farre a loufe Now as all constitutions be not of one and the same mould and as all partes be not moued alike with any one thing so the exercises must alter and be appropriate to each that both the constitution may be continued in her best kinde and all the partes preserued to their best vse which exercises being compared among themselues one to an other be more or lesse but being applyed to the partie kepe alwayes in a meane when they meane to do good Concerning students for whose health my care is greatest the lesse they eate the lesse they neede to voide and therfore small diet in them best preuenteth all superfluities which they cannot auoide if their diet be great and their exercise small Their exercise must also be very moderate and not alter to much for feare of to great distemperature in that which must continue moderate and with all it should be ordinarie that the habit may be holesome and sudden chaunge giue no cause of greater inconuenience Wherfore to auoide distemperature the enemie to health and so consequently to life and to maintaine the naturall constitution so as it may serue to the best wherin her duetie lyeth and liue to the longest that in nature it can besides the diet which must be small as nature is a pickler and requires hut small pittaunce besides clothing which should be thin euen from the first swadling to harden and thick the flesh I do take this traine by exercise which I wishe to be ioyned with learning to be a marueilous furtherer But for diet to auoide inward daungers and clothing to auert outward iniuries and all such preuentions as are not proper to teachers though in communitie more proper then to any common man I set them ouer to parentes and other well willers which will see to them that they faile not in those thinges and if they do will fly to Physicians by their helpe to salue that which themselues may forsee For exercises I will deale which to commend more then they will commend them selues when I shall shew both what they be and the particular profites of euery one of them which I chuse from the rest were me thinke verie needlesse and cheifly to me which seeme sufficiently to praise them in that I do place them among principles of prerogatiue But as in the soule I did picke out certaine pointes whervnto I applyed the training principles so likewise in the bodie may I not also seuer some certaine partes whervnto my preceptes must principally be conformed that shall not neede For as in the soule the frute of traine doth better and make complete euen that which I tuched not and so consequētly the whole soule so in the bodie those exercises which seeme to be appointed for some speciall partes bycause they stirre those partes most do qualifie the whole bodie and make it most actiue Wherefore as there I did promise not to anatomise the soule as neither dealing with Diuines nor Philosophers so do I not here make profession to shew the anatomie of the bodie as medling neither with Physicians nor Surgeans otherwise then any of them foure can helpe me in exercise To the which effect and ende I will onely cull out from whence I can such speciall notes as both Philosophers and Phisicians do know to be most true and both the learned and vnlearned will confesse to be for them and such also as the training maisters may easely both helpe and encrease in their owne triall For both reason and rule do alwaye commaunde that the maister be by when exercise is vsed thorough whose ouerlooking the circunstance is kept which helpeth to health and the contrarie shunned which in exercise doth harme In the elder yeares reason at the elbow must serue the student as in these younger the maisters presence helpes to direct the child But to ioyne close with our traine What partes be they in our bodie vpon whom exercise is to shew this great effecte or what be the powers therof which must still be stirred so to stay and establish the perpetuitie of health not in themselues alone but in the whole bodie by them Where ioyntes be to bend where stringes to tye where synewes to stirre where streatchers to straine there must needes be motion or els stifnesse will follow and vnweildynesse withall where there be conduites to conuey the blood which warmeth canales to carie the spirite which quickneth pipes to bestow the aire which cooleth passage to dismisse execrements which easeth there must needes be spreding to kepe the currant large and eche waie open for feare of obstructions and sudden fainting Where to much must needes marre there must be forcing out where to litle must nedes lame there must be letting in where thickning threates harme there thinning fines the substance where thinning is to much there thickning must do much and to knit vp all in short all those offices whervnto our bodie serueth naturally either for inward bestowing of nurriture and maintenaunce
it was in a small riuer and reskue at hand Scoena the centurion scaped he was neare both shippe and shoar Nay Caesar himselfe saued him selfe from drowning and helde his lettres vp drie in the one hand A signe of courage and cunning as that man had enough but his shippes were at hand and it is not writen that either he swamme alone or any long waye But of all daungers to drowne there is least in the sea where the swimming is best for the salt water as it is thicker then the fresh so it beareth vp the bodie better that it may fleet with lesse labour The swimming in salt water is very good to remoue the headache to open the stuffed nosethrilles and therby to helpe the smelling It is a good remedie for dropsies scabbes and scurfes small pockes leprosies falling awaye of either legge or any other parte for such as prosper not so as they would though they eate as they wishe for ill stomackes liuers miltes and corrupt constitutions Yet all swimming must needes be ill for the head considering the continuall exhalation which ascendeth still from the water into the head Swimming in hoat waters softeneth that which is hardened warmeth that which is cooled nimbleth the iointes which are benummed thinneth the skinne which is thickned and yet it troubleth the head weakneth the bodie disperseth humours but dissolueth them not Swimming in cold water doth strengthen the naturall heat bycause it beates it in it maketh verie good and quick digestion it breaketh superfluous humours it warmeth the inward partes yet long tarying in it hurtes the sineues and takes awaye the hearing Thus much concerning swimming which can neither do children harme in learning if the maister be wise nor the common weale but good being once learned if either priuate daunger or publike attempt do bid them auenture For he that oweth a life to his countrey if he die on lande he doeth his duetie and if he drowne in water his duetie is not drowned Chapter 24. Of Riding IF any wilbe so wilfull as to denie Riding to be an exercise and that a great one and fittest also for greatest personages set him either vpon a trotting iade to iounse him thoroughly or vpon a lame hakney to make him exercise his feete when his courser failes him In all times in all countries among all degrees of people it hath euer bene taken for a great a worthy and a gentlemanly exercise Though Aristophanes his testimonie were naught against honest Socrates yet it is good to proue that riding was a gentlemanly traine euen among the principles of education in Athens And Virgile in the legacie sent to Latinus describeth the same traine in the Romain children which sayeth he exercised themselues on horsebacke before the towne And Horace accuseth the young gentleman in his time as not able to hange on a horse But to deale with stories either Greeke or Latin for the Romain or other nations exercise in riding in a matter of such store were more then needeles The Romains had their whole citie diuided into partialities by reason of the foure factions of those exercising horsemē Who of the foure colours which they vsed Russet White Greene and Blew were named Russati Albati Prasini Veneti For the warres how great a traine riding is I would no countrey had tried nor had cause to complaine nor the subdued people to be sorofull though the conquerour do vant himselfe of his valiantnesse on horsebacke For health it must needes be of some great moment or els why do the Physicians seeme to make so much of it They saye that generally it encreaseth naturall heat and that it purgeth superfluities as that to the contrarie it is naught for any sicke bodie or that hath taken Physicke hard before or that is troubled with infection or inflammation of the kidneies They vse to deuide it into fiue kindes Slow quicke trotting ambling and posting Of Slow riding they write that it wearieth the grines very sore that it hurteth the buttokes and legges by hanging downe to long and that yet it heateth not much that it hindreth getting of children and breadeth aches and lamenesse Of quicke riding they saye that of all exercises it shaketh the bodie most and that yet it is good for the head ache comming of a cold cause for the falling euill for deafnesse for the stomack for yeaxing or hikup for clearing and quickning the instrumentes of sense for dropsies for thickning of thinne shankes which was found true in Germanicus Caesar nephew to Tiberius the Emperour which so helped his spindle shankes Againe quick riding is naught for the bulke for a weake bladder which must forebeare all exercises when it hath any exulceration for the Ischiatica bycause the hippes are to much heated and weakned by the vehementnesse of the motion Whervpon the humours which are styrred rest there and either breede new or augment olde aches Of trotting it is said euen as we see that it shaketh the bodie to violently that it causeth encreaseth marueilous aches that it offendes the head the necke the shoulders the hippes disquieteth all the entrailes beyond all measure And though it may somewhat helpe the digestion of meate and raw humours loose the belly prouoke vrine driue the stone or grauell from the kidneyes downward yet it is better forborne for greater euilles then borne with for some sorie small good Ambling as it exerciseth least so it anoyeth least and yet loseth it the bellie As for posting though it come last in reading it will be first in riding though for making such hast it harme eche part of the bodie specially the bulke the lungues the bowells generally the kidneyes as what doth it not allway anoy and oftimes either breake or put out of ioynt by falles or straines It warmes paires the body to sore therfore abateth grossenes though a grosse man be ill either to ride post himselfe or for a iade to beare It infecteth the head it dulleth the senses especially the sight euen til it make his eyes that posteth to run with water not to remember the death of his friendes but to thinke how sore his saddle shakes him and the ayer bites him Chapter 25. Of Hunting HVnting is a copious argument for a poeticall humour to discours of whether in verse with Homer or in prose with Heliodorus Dian would be alleged as so auoyding Cupide Hippolytus would be vsed in commendation of continence and what would not poëtrie bring in to auaunce it whose musicke being solitarie and woddishe must needes be nay is very well acquainted with the chace If poets should faint the Persians would fight both for riding and hunting so that if patrocinie were in question we neede not to enquire they would offer them selues from all countries and of all languages But we need not either for praise or for profe to vse forraine aduocats For hunting hath alway caried a great credit both for exercising the bodie
haue his ground flowred so as it be not offensiue to the body as in wrastling not hard to fall on in daunsing soft and not slipperie How angrie would a boie be to be driuen to scourge his top in sand grauel or deepe rushes and so forth in the rest as is most fit for the body exercised with lest daunger and best dispatch The second that the place be either free from any wind at all or if it be not possible to auoide some that it be not subiect to any sharpe and byting winde which may do the body some wrong being open and therefore ready to receiue forreine harme by the ayer Thirdly that the place be open and not close nor couered to haue the best and purest ayre at will whereby the body becommeth more quicke and liuely and after voyding noysom superfluities may proue lightsome by the very ayer and soyle Fourthly that there be no contagious nor noysome stenche neare the place of exercise for feare of infecting that by new corruption which was lately cleared by healthful motion Generally if the place connot be so fit fauourable to exercise as wish would it were yet wisedom may win thus much that he may be as well aopointed to preuent the ill of euery both season and circumstance as possibility can commonly performe When great conquests had made states almost nay in deede to wealthie and libertie of soyle giuen them place to chuse they builded to this end meruelous and sumptuous monuments which time and warres haue wasted but we which must doe as we may must be content with that which our power can compasse if the worst fall thinke that he which placed vs in the world hath appointed the world for vs for an exercising place not onely for the body against infections but also for the mynde against affections which being herselfe well trayned doth make the bodie yeelde to the bent of her choice Chapter 32. Of the exercising time TIme is deuided into accidentarie and naturall and naturall againe into generall and particular The naturall time generally construed is ment by the spring the summer the haruest and the wynter particularly by the howers of the day night The accidentarie time chaungeth his name still sometime faire sometime foule sometime hoat sometime colde and so forth Of this accidentary time this rule is giuen that in exercise we chuse as neare as we can faire weather cleare and lightsome to confirme the spirites which naturally reioyce in light and are refreshed thereby not cloudy darke and thicke wherein grosse humours make the bodie dull and heauie againe when there is either no great or no verie noysome winde to pearce the open pored body nor to much forreine heat to enflame the naturall nor to much cold to stiffen it to sore For the naturall time generally taken Aristotle would haue the bodie most exercised in sommer bycause the naturall heat being then least and the bodie therefore most burdened with superfluities then exercise most helpes both to encrease the inward heat and to send out those outward dettes Hippocrates againe giuing three principall rules to be kept in exercise to auoide wearinesse to walke in the morning maketh this the third to vse both more and longer exercise in the winter and cold weather and most of his fauorites hold that opinion The reason is bycause in sommer the heat of the time dryeth the bodie enough so that it needeth no exercise to wither it to much where the aire it selfe doth drie it enough Galene a man of great authoritie in his profession pronounceth thus in generall that as temperate bodies are to be exercised in a temperate season which he countes to be the spring so cold bodies are in hoat weather hoat in cold moyst in drie drie in moyst meaning thereby that whensoeuer the bodie seemeth to yeeld towardes any distemperature then the contrarie both time and place must be fled to for succour Of these opinions iudgement is to chuse which it best liketh Me thinke vpon diuers considerations they maye all stand well without any repugnance seing neither Hippocrates nor Galene deny exercise in sommer simply and Aristotle doth shew what it worketh in sommer For the naturall time particularly taken thus much is said that it is vnwholesome to exercise after meat bycause it hindereth digestiō by dispersing the heat which should be assembled wholly to further and helpe digestion And yet both Aristotle and Auicene allow some gentle walking after meat to cause it so much the sooner setle downe in the stomacke specially if one meane to sleepe shortly after But for exercise before meate that is excedingly and generally commended bycause it maketh the naturall heat strong against digesting time and driuing away vnprofitable humours disperseth the better and more wholesome thorough out the whole bodie wheras after meate it filleth it with rawnesse and want of digestion bycause mouing marres concoction and lets the boyling of the stomacke Now in this place there be three thinges to be considered First that none venture vpon any exercise before the bodie be purged naturally by the nose the mouth the belly the bladder bycause the contrarie disperseth that into the bodie which should be dismissed sent awaie nor before the ouernightes diet be thoroughly digested for feare of to much superfluitie besides crudity and cholere Belching and vrine be argmentes of perfit or vnperfit digestion The whiter vrine the worse and weaker digestion the yealower the better The second consideration is that no exercise be medled withall the stomacke being verie emptie and wearie hungrie least rauening cause ouerreaching and Hippocrates condemne you for linking labour with hunger a thing by him in his aphorismes forbid The third consideratiō is not to eate streight after the exercise before the bodie be reasonably setled Yet corpulent carcases which labour to be lightened of their cariage be allowed their vittail though they be puffing hoat The cause why this distance betwene mouing and meate is enioyned is this for that the bodie is still a clearing while it is yet hoat and the excrementes be but fleeting so that neither the partie can yet be hungrie nor the heat entend digestion Whervpon they counsell him that is yet hoat after exercise neither to wash himselfe in cold water nor to drinke wine nor cold water Bycause washing will hurt the open body wine will streight waye steeme vp into the head cold water will offend the belly and lyver yea sometime gaule the sinewes nay sometime call for death What houres of the daie were best for exercise the auncient Physicians for their soile in their time and to their reason appointed it thus In the spring about noone for the temperatenesse of the aire in sommer in the morning to preuent the heat of the daie in haruest and winter towardes night bycause the morninges be cold the dayes short and to be employed otherwise and the meat before that time will
can vse the rod discretely though he displease some which thinke all punishment vndiscrete if it tuch their owne doth perfourme his duetie best and still shall bring vp the best scholers As no maister of any stuffe shall do but well where the parentes like that at home which the maister doth at schoole and if they do mislike any thing will rather impart their greife and displeasure with the maister priuately to amend it then moane their child openly to marre that way more then they shall make any way The same faultes must be faultes at home which be faultes at schoole and receiue the like reward in both the places to worke the childes good by both meanes correction as the cause shall offer commendacion as neede shall require They that write most for gentlenesse in traine reserue place for the rod and we that vse the terme of seueritie recommend curtesie to the maisters discretion Here is the oddes they will seeme to be curteous in termes and yet the force of the matter makes them cōfesse the neede of the rod we vse sharp termes and yet yeilde to curtesie more then euen the verie patrones of curtesie do for all their curifauour Wherin we haue more reason to harp on the harder stringe for the trueth of the matter then they to touch but the softer so to please the person seeing they conspire with vs in the last conclusion that both correction and curtesie be referred to discretion Curtesie goeth before and ought to guide the discourse when reason is obeyed which is very seldome but the corruptnesse in nature the penalties in lawe courage to enflame desire to entice and so many euilles assailing one good do enforce me to build my discourse vpon feare and leaue curtesie to consideration as the bare one reason of reason obeyed a thing still wished but seldome wel willed doth cause some curteous conceit not much acquainted with the kinde of gouernment vpon some plausible liking to make curtesie the outside and keepe canuase for the lyning but euer still for the last staffe to make discretion the refuge Wherin we agree though I priuately chide him and saye why dissemble ye Vnder hand he aunswereth me I lend the world some wordes but I will witnesse with you I do not speake against discrete correction but against hastinesse and crueltie Sir I know none that will either set correction or curtesie at to much libertie but with distinction vpon whom they be both to be exercised neither yet any that will praise cruelty and all those that write of this argument whether Philosophers or others allow of punishment though they differ in the kinde And it is said in the best common weale not that no punishmēt is to be vsed but that such an excellent naturall witte as is made out of the finest mould would not be enforced bycause in deede it needes not neither will I offer feare where I finde such a one neither but in such a common weale shall I finde such a one And yet in our corrupt states we light sometime vpon one that were worthy to be a dweller in a farre better And I will rather venture vpon the note of a sharp maister to make a boye learne that which may afterward do him seruice yea though he be vnwilling for the time and very negligent then that he shall lacke the thing which maye do him seruice when age commeth on bycause I would not make him learne for the vaine shadow of a curteous maister It is slauish sayeth Socrates to be bet It is slauish then to deserue beating sayeth the same Socrates If Socrates his free nature be not found sure Socrates his slauish courage must be cudgelled euen by Socrates his owne confession For neither is punishment denied for slaues neither curtesie for free natures This by the waye neither Socrates nor Plato be so directly carefull in that place for a good maister in this kinde as the place required though they point the learner And in deed where they had Censores to ouersee the generall traine both for one age other there needed no greate precept this waye If parentes might not do this neither children attempt that then were maisters disburdened If all thinges were set in stay by publike prouision priuate care were then mightily discharged But Socrates findes a good scholer which in naturall relation inferreth a good maister And yet Philippe of Macedonie had a thousand considerations in his person moe then that he was Alexanders father and it is not enough to name the man onelesse ye do note the cause why with all and in what respect ye name him A wise maister which must be a speciall caueat in prouision wil helpe all either by preuenting that faultes be not committed or by well vsing when soeuer they fall out and without exception must haue both correction and curtesie committed vnto him beyond any appeal Xenophon maketh Cyrus be beaten of his maister euen where he makes him the paterne of the best Prince as Tullie sayeth and mindes not the trueth of the storie but the perfitnesse of his deuise being him selfe very milde as it appeareth still in his iourney from Assyria after the death of Cyrus the younger For a soule there could not be one lesse seruile then he which was pictured out beyond exception for impunitie there could not be more hope then in a Prince enheritour and that is more set forth for a paterne to Princes And yet this Princes child in the absolutenesse of deuise was beaten by his deuise which could not deuise any good traine exempt from beating beinge yet the second ornament of Socrates his schoole The case was thus and a matter of the Persian learning A long boye had a short coate and a short boye had a long one The long boye tooke awaye the short boyes coate and gaue him his both were fit But yet there arose a question about it Cyrus was made iudge as iustice was the Persian grammer He gaue sentence that either should haue that which fitted him His maister bette him for his sentence bycause the question was not of fitnesse but of right wherein eche should haue his owne His not learning and errour by ignorance was the fault wherfore he was punished And who soeuer shall marke the thing well shall finde that not learning where there is witte to learne buildeth vpon idlenesse vnwilling to take paines vpon presumption that he shall carie it awaye free and in the ende vpon contempt of them from whom he learned to contemne where he should haue reuerenced Slight considerations make no artificiall anatomies and therfore will smart bycause they spie not the subtilities of creeping diseases It is easie for negligence in scholers to pretend crueltie in maisters where fauour beyond rime lendes credit beyond reason But in such choice of maisters where crueltie maye easily be auoided nay in such helpe by Magistrate where it may be suppressed and in such wealth of