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A31414 Apostolici, or, The history of the lives, acts, death, and martyrdoms of those who were contemporary with, or immediately succeeded the apostles as also the most eminent of the primitive fathers for the first three hundred years : to which is added, a chronology of the three first ages of the church / by William Cave ... Cave, William, 1637-1713. 1677 (1677) Wing C1590; ESTC R13780 422,305 406

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full and solid answer in eight Books wherein as he had the better cause so he managed it with that strength of Reason clearness of Argument and convictive evidence of truth that were there nothing else to testifie the abilities of this great man this Book alone were enough to do it It was written probably about the beginning of the reign of Philip the Emperour with whom Origen seems to have had some acquaintance who a Id. ibid. p. 233 wrote one Letter to him and another to the Empress From whence and some other little probabilities Eusebius first and after him the generality of Ecclesiastic Writers have made that Emperour to have been a Christian and the first of the Imperial line that was so The vanity of which mistake and the original from whence it sprung we have shewed elsewhere Nor is the matter mended by those who say that Philip was privately baptized by Fabian Bishop of Rome and so his Christian Profession was known onely to the Christians but concealed from the Gentiles which being but a conjecture and a gratis dictum without any authority to confirm it may with the same ease and as much justice be rejected as it is obtruded and imposed upon us Nor has the late learned publisher b Rod. Wetsteinius Praefat. in Orig. Dial. contr Marc. c. à se Edit Basil 1674. 4 of some Tracts of Origen who in order to the securing the Dialogue against the Marcionites to belong to Origen has newly enforced this argument said any thing that may persuade a wise man to believe a Story so improbable in all its circumstances and which must have made a louder noise in the World and have had more and better witnesses to attest it then an obscure and uncertain report the onely authority which Eusebius who gave the first hint of it pretends in this matter XXI THE good success which Origen lately had in Arabia in the cause of Beryllus made him famous in all those parts and his help was now again c Ibid. c. 37. desired upon a like occasion For a sort of Hereties were start up who affirmed that at death both body and soul did expire together and were resolved into the same state of corruption and that at the resurrection they should revive and rise together to eternal life For this purpose a general Synod of those parts was called and Origen desired to be present at it who managed the cause with such weighty Arguments such unanswerable and clear convictions that the adverse party threw down their weapons and relinquished the sentiments which they maintained before Another heretical crew appeared at this time in the East the impious and abominable Sect of the Helcesaitae against whom also Origen seems to have been engaged concerning whom himself d Homil. in Psal 82. ap Euseb ibid. c. 38. p. 233. gives us this account They rejected a great part both of the Old and New Canon making use onely of some few parts of Scripture and such without question as they could make look most favourably upon their cause S. Paul they wholly rejected and held that it was lawful and indifferent to deny the faith and that he was the wise man that in his words would renounce Christianity in a time of danger and Persecution but maintain the truth in his heart They carried a Book about with them which they affirmed to have been immediately dropt down from Heaven which whoever received and gave credit to should receive remission of sins though different from that pardon which our Lord Jesus bestowed upon his followers But how far Origen was concerned against this absurd and sensless generation is to me unknown The best on 't is this Sect like a blazing Comet though its influence was malignant and pestilential suddenly arose and as suddenly disappeared XXII PHILIP the Emperour being slain by the Souldiers Decius made a shift by the help of the Army to step into the Throne a mortal enemy to the a Ibid. ● 3● p. 234. Church in whose short reign more Martyrs especially men of note and eminency came to the Stake then in those who governed that Empire ten times his reign In Palaestin Alexander the aged and venerable Bishop of Jerusalem was thrown into prison where after long and hard usage and an illustrious confession of the Christian Faith before the public Tribunal he died This Alexander whom we have often mentioned had been first Bishop in Cappadocia b Ibid. c. 11. p. 212. where out of a religious curiosity he had resolved upon a pilgrimage to Jerusalem to visit the holy and venerable Antiquities of that place whereto he was particularly excited by a divine revelation intimating to him that it was the will of God that he should be assistant to the Bishop of that place It happened at this time that Narcissus Bishop of Jerusalem being some years since returned to his See which he had deserted many years before was become incapable through his great age and infirmity being CXVI years old duly to manage his charge Alexander approaching near Jerusalem they were warned by a Vision and a Voice from Heaven to go out of the City and there receive him whom Heaven had designed to be their Bishop They did so and finding Alexander entertained and introduced him with all possible kindness and respect where by the importunity of the People and the consent of all the neighbour-Bishops he was constrained to become Colleague with Narcissus in the government of that Church This I suppose is the first express instance that we meet with in Church-antiquity of two Bishops sitting at once and that by consent in one See But the case was warranted by an extraordinary authority besides that Narcissus seems rather to have resigned and quitted the place retaining nothing but the title nor intermedling any further then by joining in prayers and devotions for the good of the Church surviving not above three or four years at most Alexander succeeding in the sole Presidency governed his Church with singular prudence and fidelity and among other memorable acts erected a Library at Jerusalem c Ibid. c. 20. p. 222. which he especially stored with Ecclesiastical Epistles and Records from whence Eusebius confesses he furnished himself with many considerable Memoirs and materials for the composing of his History He sate Bishop XXXIX years and after several arraignments and various imprisonments and sufferings died now in prison at Caesarea to the unconceivable loss and resentment of the whole Church and especially of Origen who had been ordained by him and whom he had ever found a fast Friend and Patron Nor did Origen himself who was at this time at Tyre escape without his share Eusebius does but briefly intimate his sufferings having given a larger account of them in another Book long since lost he tells d Ubi supr p. 234. us that the Devil mustered up all his Forces against him and assaulted him with all
in awe of the words which thou hearest Thou shalt not remember evil against thy brother Thou shalt not be of a double and instable mind doubting whether thus or thus Thou shalt not take the name of the Lord in vain 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Thou shalt love thy neighbor above thy life Thou shalt not destroy a child by abortion nor make it away when it is born Thou shalt not with-hold thy hand from thy son or from thy daughter but from their youth shalt teach them the fear of the Lord. Be not desirous of thy neighbours goods nor covet much Neither shalt thou heartily join with the proud but shalt be numbred with the just and the humble Entertain trials and temptations when they happen to thee as instruments of good Thou shalt not be double minded nor of a deceitful tongue for a double tongue is the snare of death Thou shalt be subject to the Lord and to Masters as Gods representatives in reverence and fear Thou shalt not command thy Maid or Man-servant with bitterness and severity those especially that hope in God lest thou thy self prove one that fearest not him who is over both For he came not to call men according to outward appearance but those whom his Spirit did prepare Thou shalt communicate to thy neighbour in all things and shalt not call what thou hast thine own For if ye mutually partake in incorruptible things how much more in things that are corruptible Be not rash with thy tongue for the mouth is the snare of death Keep thy soul as chast as thou canst stretch not forth thy hands to take and shut them when thou shouldst give Love all those that speak to thee the word of the Lord as the apple of thine eye Remember the day of judgment night and day Se●k out daily the faces of holy men and searching by the Word go forth to exhort and by it study to save a soul And with thy hands shalt thou labour for the redemption of thy sins Delay not to give nor begrutch when thou art charitable Give to every one that asks thee and thou shalt know who is the good recompenser of the reward Thou shalt keep the things which thou hast received neither adding to them nor taking from them Thou shalt ever hate a wicked person Judge righteously Make no Schism Make peace between those that are at difference reconciling them to each other Confess thy sins and come not to prayer with an evil conscience This is the way of Light XVI BUT now the way of darkness is crooked and full of curses For it is the way of eternal death attended with punishment wherein are things destructive to their souls idolatry audaciousness heighth of domination hypocrisie double-heartedness adultery murder rapine pride transgression deceit malice arrogance witchcraft magic covetousness want of the fear of God Persecuters of good men haters of the truth men who love but do not know the wages of righteousness Persons that adhere not to what is good nor who by righteous judgment regard the case of the Widow and the Orphan watchful not for the fear of God but for what is evil great strangers to meekness and patience Lovers of vanity greedy of revenge who compassionate not the poor nor endeavour to relieve the oppressed prone to detraction not knowing their Maker murderers of children defacers of Gods workmanship such as turn away themselves from the needy add affliction to the afflicted plead for the rich and unjustly judge the poor sinners altogether And having thus described these two different ways he concludes his discourse with a hearty and passionate exhortation that since the time of rewards and punishments was drawing on they would mind these things as those that were taught of God searching after what God required of them and setting themselves to the practice of it that they might be saved at the day of judgment I have no more to remark concerning this excellent person then to add the character given of him by a pen that could not err he was a good man full of faith Act. 11.24 and of the Holy Ghost The End of S. BARNABAS'S Life THE LIFE OF S. TIMOTHY THE APOSTLE and EVANGELIST S. TIMOTHEUS Michael Burghers sulpsit S. Timothies Countrey and Kindred His religious education The great advantages of an early piety Converted to Christianity by S. Paul and made choice of to be his companion Circumcised by S. Paul and why This no contradicting S. Pauls doctrine concerning Circumcision His travels with S. Paul for the propagation of the Faith His return from Thessalonica and S. Pauls two Epistles to that Church S. Timothy consecrated Bishop of Ephesus The consent of antiquity herein Ordination in those times usually done by prophetic designation and the reason of it Timothies age enquired into The importance of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 let no man despise thy youth the words shewed to be used by the best Writers for a considerable Age. S. Pauls first and second Epistle to him and the importance of them The manners of the Ephesians noted Their festival called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 S. Timothies martyrdom The time of his death place of his burial and translation of his body His weak and infirm constitution His great abstinence and admirable zeal S. Pauls singular affection for him Different from Timotheus in S. Denys the Areopagite Another Timothy S. Pauls Disciple martyred under Antoninus I. S TIMOTHY was as we may probably conceive a Lycaonian born at Lystra a noted City of that Province He was a person in whom the Jew the Gentile and the Christian met altogether His Father was by birth a Greek by Religion a Gentile or if a Proselyte at most but 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 a Proselyte of the Gate who did not oblige themselves to circumcision and the rites of Moses but onely to the observance of the seven precepts of the sons of Noah his Mother Eunice daughter to the devout and pious Lois 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chrysost Homil 1. in 2 Tim. p. 1627. was a Jewess who yet scrupled not to marry with this Greek An argument that the partition wall now tottered and was ready to fall when Jew and Gentile began thus to match together His Mother and Grandmother were Women very eminently vertuous and holy and seem to have been amongst the first that were converted to the Christian Faith Nor was it the least instance of their piety the care they took of his education instructing him in the knowledge of divine things and seasoning his tender years with vertuous and sober principles 2 Tim. 3.15 so that from a child he was acquainted with the holy Scriptures whereby he was admirably prepared for the reception of Christianity and furnished for the conduct of a strict pious life 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plut. de liber educ pag. 4. And indeed Religion never thrives more kindly then when 't is planted
were forced to remonstrate and declare their case to the Emperour among whom besides * Euseb l. 4. c. 3. p. 116. Hieron ubi supr in Epist ad Magn. Orator Aristides a Christian Philosopher at this time at Athens who in an Apology addressed himself to Adrian our Quadratus presented an Apologetic to the Emperour defending the Christian Religion from the calumnies and exceptions of its Enemies and vindicating it from those pretences upon which ill minded men sought to ruine and undo the innocent Christians wherein also he particularly took notice of our Saviours miracles his curing diseases and raising the dead some instances whereof he says were alive in his time Besides this Apology wherein as Eusebius says he gave large evidences both of his excellent parts and true Apostolic Doctrine 't is probable he left no other Writings behind him none being mentioned by any of the Ancients Where I cannot but note the strange heedlessness of the Compilers of the a Cent. II. cap. 10. col 152. Centuries where they tell us out of Eusebius that besides the Apology he composed another excellent Book called Syngramma when nothing can be more plain then that by that Writing Eusebius means not a distinct Book but that very Apologetic Oration which he there speaks of and yet a modern German b Bebel Antiq. Eccles Secul 2. Artic. 1. p. 183. Professor who frequently transcribes their errours as well as their labours securely swallows it purely I suppose upon their Authority though strange it is that he could read that passage in Eusebius himself which he seems to have done and not palpably feel the mistake VII IT happened about this time that Serenius Granianus the Proconsul of Asia wrote c J. Mart. Apol. II. p 99. ap Euseb l. 4. c. 8. p. 122. Letters to the Emperour representing to him the injustice of the common proceedings against Christians how unfit it was that without any legal Trial or crime laid to their charge they should be put to death meerly to gratifie the unreasonable and tumultuary clamours of the People With this Letter and the Apologies that had been offered him by the Christians the keenness of the Emperours fury was taken off and care was taken that greater moderation should be used towards them To which purpose he dispatched away d Justin ib. Euseb c. 9. p. 123 to Fundanus Granianus his successor in the Proconsulship of Asia this following Rescript ADRIAN Emperour to MINUCIUS FUNDANUS I Received the Letters which were sent me by the most excellent Serenius Granianus your Predecessor Nor do I look upon it as a matter fit to be passed over without due enquiry that the men may not be needlesly disquieted nor Informers have occasion and encouragement of fraudulent accusations ministred unto them Wherefore if the Subjects of our Provinces be able openly to appear to their indictments against the Christians so as to answer to them before the public Tribunal let them take that course and not deal by Petition and meer noise and clamour it being much fitter if any accusation be brought that you should have the cognizance of it If any one shall prefer an indictment and prove that they have transgressed the Laws then give you sentence against them according to the quality of the crime But if it shall appear that he brought it onely out of spight and malice take care to punish that man according to the hainousness of so mischievous a design The same Rescripts as e Ap. Euseb l. 4. c. 26. p. 148. Melito Bishop of Sardis who presented an Apology to M. Antoninus informs us Adrian sent to several other Governours of Provinces Nay was so far wrought into a good mood that if it be true what their own a Lamprid. in vit Alex. Sever c. 〈…〉 568. Historian reports of him he designed to build a Temple to Christ and to receive him into the number of their gods and that he commanded Temples to be built in all Cities without Images which were for a long time after called Adriani but was prohibited to go on by some who having consulted the Oracle had been told that if this succeeded according to some mens desires the Temples would be deserted and all men become Christians VIII WHAT became of S. Quadratus after Adrians departure from Athens we find not more then what the b Loc. supra cit Greeks in their Menaeon relate that by the violence of Persecuters he was driven from his charge at Athens and being first set upon by Stones then tormented by Fire and several other punishments he at last under Adrian probably about the latter end of his reign received the Crown of Martyrdom 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Men. ibid. To what place he fled when he left Athens and where he suffered martyrdom is uncertain unless it were at Magnesia a City of Ionia in Asia Minor where the same Menaeon tells us he preached the Gospel as he did at Athens and that his body was there entombed and his remains famous for Miracles done there A place memorable for the death of Themistocles that great Commander and Citizen of Athens banished also by his own Fellow-Citizens who after his brave and honourable atchievements did here by a fatal draught put a period to his own life where as c I● vit T●emist p. 128. Plutarch tells us his posterity had certain honours and priviledges conferred upon them by the Magnesians and which his friend Themistocles the Athenian enjoyed in his time The End of S. QUADRATUS's Life THE LIFE OF S. JUSTIN THE MARTYR 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Micha Burgh dili et sculp S. IUSTINUS MARTYR His vicinity to the Apostolic times His Birth-place and Kindred His Studies His Travels into Egypt To what Sect of Philosophy he applied himself The occasion and manner of his strange conversion to Christianity related by himself Christianity the onely safe and satisfactory Philosophy The great influence which the patience and fortitude of the Christians had upon his conversion The force of that argument to persuade men His vindication of himself from the charges of the Gentiles His continuance in his Philosophic habit The 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what and by whom worn 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 His coming to Rome and opposing Hereticks Marcion who and what his Principles Justin 's first Apology to the Emperours and the design of it Antoninus his Letter to the Common-Council of Asia in favour of the Christians This shewed not to be the Edict of Marcus Antoninus Justin 's journey into the East and conference with Trypho the Jew Trypho who The malice of the Jews against the Christians Justin 's return to Rome His contests with Crescens the Philosopher Crescens his temper and principles Justin 's second Apology To whom presented The occasion of it M. Antoninus his temper Justin fore-tells his own fate The Acts of his Martyrdom His arraignment before Rusticus Praefect of Rome Rusticus