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death_n body_n pain_n soul_n 8,495 5 5.3269 4 true
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A18047 The fountaine of ancient fiction Wherein is liuely depictured the images and statues of the gods of the ancients, with their proper and perticular expositions. Done out of Italian into English, by Richard Linche Gent. Linche, Richard.; Cartari, Vincenzo, b. ca. 1500. Imagini de i dei de gli antichi. 1599 (1599) STC 4691; ESTC S107896 106,455 205

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little here in this place shall be commemorated Plato therefore sayth that in the times of Saturne those lawes and orders were in practise and exercised which also in the first daies of Pluto were held obserued and his words are these There was a law saith he in those times that those men which in their life time had liued well and according to the rules of vertue and her commandements should after they were dead bee sent and transported vnto the Island of the fortunate and that those which had liued viciously and lewdly should bee conueyed to the place of horror there to receaue condigne punishments according to their merits and qualities of offences And in those times sayth hee when also Iupiter began to raigne with vsurped authoritie all men were adiudged to punishments pains or else to happie pleasures euen the very day before the parties died By meanes whereof many were wrongfully condemned some also sent to the blessed Island that had deserued intollerable paines and tortures The which thing Iupiter vnderstanding by the information of Pluto who complained of that abuse thus answered Well sayth hee I wil find out a remedie for this inconuenience presently and therewith seemed to be wondrous angry This proceeds sayth he in that men are adiudged being then liuing and who knowes not that this man or that man hath friends and great alliances who wil not sticke to bribe and corrupt the Iudge for fauour and partialitie and that this other man hath deadlie enemies and ill-wishers who continually are aggrauating the offence and prouoke by vnlawfull meanes some wrongfull sentence to bee denounced As for great mens faults they are couered and hid with glorious abillements with wealth authoritie noble discent gentrie and parentage And then the Iudges themselues being earthly and therefore imperfect must needes giue wrongfull iudgement and verdict We must therefore take some such order that in these cases mortals must not bee pre-acquainted with the times when they must die as now they doe and therevpon commaunded Prometheus to performe it accordingly for after that sayth hee they shall be thus despoiled of their earthly robes riches and power and being dead and naked shall appeare before Iudges likewise dead and naked which then shall bee void of friendship partialitie or fauour it shall be an easie matter in this case to giue true and rightfull iudgement according to the qualitie and height of their offences For the confirmation of which my purpose and intended decree which I haue now resoluedly concluded within my selfe my pleasure is that my three sonnes two of them borne in Asia being Minos and Rhadamantus and another in Europe which is Eacus standing in a certaine greene meade out of which doe part and are diuided two seuerall waies the one into Hell and the other into Elisum for so we may now call them shall bee appointed there as Iudges of the soules of mortals Rhadamante iudging those of Asia and Eacus those of Europe And that if it fortune that any doubt or vndecided scruple shall arise betweene them that then the same bee referred presently vnto Minos that thereby hee may giue his censure and opinion of it for so much as wee intend to deale and proceed vprightly in these cases that there be not admitted therein any fauour cousenage or deceit This sayth Plato was the order and decree of Iupiter which afterward was presently effected put in execution First vpon the examination of their sins Rhadamantus and Eacus sate together in two yron chaires holding in either of their handes a white rod. And Minos diuided from them both was seated all alone holding in his hand a golden scepter who seemed to meditate and ponder with a musing sad countenance vpon the punishments torments or pleasures to be denounced due to the offenders As Vlisses according as Homer reporteth gaue out that at his being in that infernall kingdome hee there saw the three Iudges in such manner so to doome the soules of men and thus farre are the words of Plato Martianus writeth where he speaketh of the lower region that Pluto himselfe sitteth most maiestically in a mightie ebon chaire holding in one of his hands a blacke imperiall scepter and on his head seated a stately and sumptuous crowne At this left hand sitteth his Ladie Proserpina attended with many furies and vgly spirits at whose feet lieth chained the dog Cerberus And further the same Authour proceedeth not Vnto Pluto also the Auncients haue giuen a triumphant chariot drawne with foure furious blacke horses from out whose fierie nosthrils proceedeth wondrous thicke and ill fauoured smoakes which is also the opinion of Claudianus Although Boccace speaketh only of three horses and that his charriot hath but three wheeles Some write also that Pluto hath his head redemited and compassed about with a garland or wreath made of the leaues of Cipres trees which signifie sadnesse and horror and which are vsed in burials massacres about dead carkasses Others affirm that the same garland is made of the Narcissus leaues for those also are held gratefull and are employed about dead bodies in memorie of the vntimely death of that youth afterwards transformed into that flower And the like garlands also did those furies weare which were attending on Pluto and which were appointed by him to afflict the soules of men with such measure of torments and paines as their vicious and leaud life had merited and worthily deserued their names were Alecto Tisiphone and Megaera who in stead of haire to adorne their heads had venemous Snakes and Adders encompassing the same whose winding and crooked tailes hang downe dissipated and disparckled all about their shoulders faces and breasts Some writers doe alledge a fourth furie adioined to these three which they entearme by the name of Lissa which is as much to say as madnesse therefore they hold that from her proceed all lunacies distractnesse of sence forgetfulnesse of vnderstanding and reason Wherupon Euripides reporteth that Iris commanded by Inno brought this furie to her sonne in law Hercules because shee intended to bewitch him with a braine distempering passion of madnesse furie and rage And this Lissa is alwaies depictured with an yron stringed whip in her hand Poets also haue in some sort annexed vnto these furies as partaking something of their natures those monsters which are called Harpiae for that the Ancients beleeued that these also were employed by the gods in punishing the sinnes of mortall men who are said also to remaine inhabite in the infernall kingdome although Virgil reporteth that they dwel in the Islāds called Strophades enuironned with the Ionian sea are described to haue the face and countenance of beauteous and faire women yet leane and something meagre the rest of their bodies framed in the due proportion and shape of birds with mightie broad wings and crooked and sharpe talents for so Virgil describeth them which afterwards