the wagginge of euery strawe afrayed These and such like defects and wāts of Nature must we to y vttermost of our power study to amende by vsing a wholesome diete and exquisite trade of lyuing which consisteth in a tēperament of hoate and moyst In this body especially it is expediēt to excite and cheerishe natiue heate with exercyse and wyne that is pure good and with meates that be calefactiue of which sort are such Byrds as bestyrre much exercise themselues with flying as Sparrowes Lynets Chaffinches Culuers Partriches Phesauntes Blackbyrdes Thrushes Figgebyrds among those that be homish and tame Capons and Cockes for Duckes Swānes Geese Cootes Gulles Hearneshoes other Water foules requyre a very strong stomacke to digest them Of foure footed beasts fittest for this nature are Veale Mutton Pigge and Conye Amonge fruicts and such as the earth by tillage and industrye of man bringeth forth the best are these Almonds sweete sower Peachkernelles Dates dry Figges Reysons y kernels being taken out Coraunts Pyne apples And because the increase of our Gardeins lēdeth vs many helpes to this vse and purpose I thincke it good also not to omit them for that they be easye euery where to be had neither costly nor chargeable of which sort is Parseley certayne kinds of Carrets Seahollie Skirwyke rootes Thystle Artichoke Nauew radish Chichpease Cresses Rocket Mynte Wormewodde gentle such as in Wynter serue for Cōdiments sauce Onyons Garlicke Leekes steeped in water to take away their ranke sauour strōg smel or els for them that cannot wel abyde the strong ayre sent of these maye put into their meate outlandish and forraine spyces as the Germaines and Englishe Nacion cōmonly vse as Ginger Saffron Peper Graynes Cassia Cynamome Nutmigges And persons of meaner callinge smaller abilitie such as are not wel able to beare out the cost of these things may take out of their owne hoomish gardeins groūd such things as in strēgh and operation counteruayle these aforesayd that is to wit Rosemarie Basil sauerie Organie Maiorame Dill Sage Baulme c. For with these many others of like sort may the defects of Nature be beaten down the faults therof of ouercome and therby the body by litle litle maye be to a better and quieter state reduced For if drynesse or Siccity should līck in ioyne with this quality thē truly life which consisteth in hoat moyst cānot long continue but needes must out of hand come to finall ende whereof in the Chapter folowing I purpose somwhat more at large to discourse ¶ Of a Drye Complexion The ix Chapter FOrasmuche as that disposition and habite of bodye which is drye is muche like to that state and complexiō which is cold yea next vnto it I will briefly declare what I thincke thereof by what meanes it maye be expunged and bettered These ii qualityes bee in a maner alike distant from perfecte and good temperatenes in what age soeuer they happen howbeit in Oldeage this drye distemperaunce can hardelyer and wyth much more adoe be qualefyed and vanquished then in Youth whē the same ill habite commeth through Sickenes or incontinencie of lyfe For as Oldmen by reason of theyr age and long continuaunce of yeares haue bodyes drye barreyne and forworne So lykewyse Yongmen by dissolute lyuing vnseasonable watching and immoderate Venerye brynge their bodyes before their due time to a cold and drye distemperaunce hastening their owne deathes by wasting theyr vitall humour arryue to their last endes and dye by naturall death aswell as Oldmē do although in deede sooner then otherwyse they might do And it is called naturall because it is common to all men alike and not able by anye meanes to be declyned For Oldage or the laste cast of mā is not to be accompted naturall in such sorte as encreasing nourishing be which are the workes of nature and whereby the naturall facultye continueth and maynteyneth it selfe but because it so falleth oute necessarily and by the due course right order of Nature For this is natures decreed order that all thinges hauynge beginning must also haue endyng and arryue to their finall decaye for otherwyse death should vnproperlye and vnaptly be termed Naturall consideringe it is rather against Nature and a professed enemye to our life For if Sicknesse which I accompt as a step or as a Summer to death be an habite state cōtrary to Nature either deprauing or at least hindring the actiō therof how much more is Death to be deemed a thing contrary to Nature which quight abolysheth and vtterly despoyleth lyfe For nothyng is more repugnaūt to the lawes of Nature then to dye to be depryued of this most pleasaunt light and breath Which thing euerye man maye trye and in himselfe fynde most true when soeuer hee calleth to mynde and deepely wyth himselfe falleth into anye cogitacion of the same for it dryueth a certayne fearefulnes terrour dread into his mynde that were not his mynde armed strengthened wyth an vndoubted hope and expectation of an other better lyfe hereafter there could nothing be more miserable nor in worse case then mans life is For what thing could delyuer vs out of feare carefulnesse desperation and distruste sauinge onely a firme trust in Gods mercy that our Soules after this corporall dissolution shal be trāsported to a place of eternal ioy and felicitie As for death it was not brought into the world by Nature for y vglye face of Sinne and the wilful transgression of Gods preceptes at the beginninge of the worlde gaue vnto vs this deadly wounde wrapped vs in all this mysery Therfore death is called Naturall not in respecte of Nature but of the consequence because it hangeth indifferently ouer all mens heads as common indifferently to all and sparing none yea all thinges be wythin the compasse and reach thereof Now forasmuch as there be two sorts of death the one Violente the other Natural that kind of death is of Philosophers Physitions called naturall which happeneth vnto Oldemen such as are in that bodely state that Oldemen be that is to say Cold and Drye wythout sense or feeling of any payne for in them their languishinge and forspent body forsaketh their Soule and not the Soule their body Insomuch that they dye in a maner as though they fell softly asleepe whereas others dyinge by meanes of casualty ruine fyer sword Squinste Pleurysse Inflāmatiōs of the Lunges or other diseases happening to a mā in his fulnesse of humours dye a violent death struggling painfully and long languishing in extreme agonies before they giue by the Ghost So that the Soule is perforce compelled to abandō and forsake the body lyke a Ghest that fleethout of a ruynous house that is weatherbeaten and much shakē with force of tēpest only to auoyde further daūger And hereupon doth Cicero very notablye wryte that
recoÌ„pt rechearse the most part of those things which had bin there spoken vttered Not after the guise fashioÌ„ of some which of set purpose at baÌ„quets will couÌ„terfaite theÌ„selues dronken a sleepe For these good fellowes vnder colour of being cupshot heauy headed do slily vndermine espie marke what euerye man sayth at y boord specially of such words inteÌ„tes meanings as meÌ„ being heated wel whytteled in wyne do then report and vnaduysedly vtter This trick not they only but promoting Catchpoles and crafty Scoutes that raung about the country to espye how men liue what they doe notiÌ„g the dealings and narrowly sifting the lyfe behauiour and maners of other men whereby they gleane to themselues no small gaine commoditye For the fourth parte of the goodes for their catchpollinge falleth to them for their lot and share which thing maketh them to be very prying double diligent and inquisitiue where to haue a purchase and by other mens losses to enrich and greaze themselues The Poet Iuuenal a very precise and notable reprehender of vyces and one that would neuer go behind the doore to tell men their faults sheweth that this was a custome vsuall and ordinary amonge Baudes and Cuckolds nay rather wyttoldes which for hyre would be contented to let out theyr wyues to opeÌ„ prostitution or wheÌ„ they had anye persons in suspicion and iealousye And to the intent the Adulterous Lecherers mighte the more freely and licentiouslye haue the vse of their wyues bodyes these fellowes as thoughe they had beene busyed in other matters and looking an other waye or as thoughe their myndes eyes and facultyes animal had bin earnestlye fixed and bente vppon other cogitations tooted and gazed into the toppe of the house and vewed some trimme feelings or Images and pictures liuely paynted set out in their Parlours and Chambers For thus doth the Poet depaynt and set forth in his colours one of this generation and by this one geueth a light to lead and dyrect our coniectures to iudge of the rest To his ovvne vvyfe a Baude and Pandar vyle A vvittold feigning sleepe and vvynking many a vvyle VVho can his lyrypoope and gaze full manerly For birdes nestes in the roofe vvhile others syckerly Dubbes him an horned knight and that right vvorthily The very same thinge also setteth downe Ouid and to the same purpose albeit by other occasion taken If that the goodman haue an heauy noll Or els a Burdeaux hammer beating in his head Both time and place shall vs direct and toll Till vvith his vvyfe our purpose vve haue spedd But now againe to fal into my byas and leauinge this digression to retourne to my purpose I say nothing doth so much conserue renue reuiue and cheerish the powers of body and mynd as Sleepe in the night takeÌ„ about an houre and a halfe after Supper At which time it is best first to lye on the righte syde that the meate maye descende and approche better to the Lyuer and be the easelyer digested Howbeit it is not altogether amysse nor vnholesome for them that haue feeble digestions to lye somewhat groueling and prostrate on their bealyes specially if their Stomacke bee charged wyth anye superfluity The commoditye whereof to them whose bellyes bee somewhat swelled and styffe is right profitable both for the digestioÌ„ of the meate asswaging of all inflation and paine of the Stomacke casing of ache and gryping in the bowelles Lying flat vpon the backe is most hurtful and daungerous for so manye as sleepe after y sorte lye wyth their mouthes open their eyes staryng their eyelyddes vnclosed sleeping very vnquietly and without any refreshing or ease by reason that the Muskles of their breast necke be drawen hard together And besyde diuers other discommodityes they be oftentimes troubled with the night Mare and falling sicknes and are also subiecte to Palseys Crampes and Apoplexies which diseases also are incideÌ„t to them that sleepe at Noone or mydday vppon their beddes Let no man therefore of custome vse himselfe to sleepe in the day time vnlesse he be thereto driuen by wearynesse and lassitude gotten throughe heate or labour or when hee hath ouerwatched himselfe the night before For in such case a nap at noone may without harme be allowed borne withall And euen as Sleepe vnseasonablye or vnmesurably takeÌ„ either by day or night maketh meÌ„ dull obliuious lazye faint heauy blockishe and marreth both wtt and memory so agayne watching being not within medtocrytie and measure vsed dryeth the brayne affecteth the senses empayreth memory dymmeth eyesighte marreth the Spirites wasteth naturall humour hyndereth concoction and finallye consumeth all the grace beauty comelynes and state of the whole body The Perturbations and affections of the mynde VVHat harme and inconuenience the mynd suffereth throughe perturbations vnruly affections bearing sway in the same as Hatred Anger Wrath Enuy Feare Sadnes immoderate ioy anguish pensiue cares thoughts wyth many other troublesome motions repugnaunt and greatly squaring from reason there is no man but he hath eyther in himselfe by experience tryed or by obseruation in others sufficiently noted For what man in this so great imbecillity and frowardnes of nature is not wyth some of these tempted and assayled And althoughe some bee better able then other some eyther to withstande or to qualefie and subdue his affections yet is there no maÌ„ so perfect that is not to some of them thrall and subiecte How violent and vnrulye these affections be in some which yeld their natures whollye to the impatencie thereof and how greatly they disturbe and bring out of frame both the mynde and body by manyfest examples is daily seene For many haue procured to themselues present death destruction throughe rage anger shame and immoderate ioy by reason that the heart being lefte destitute of bloud and vitall Spirite fainteth shrynketh and is dissolued Which felfe same thing albeit by an other and diuers reasoÌ„ ofteÌ„times happeneth also in feare sorrow and sodaine frightes at which times the heart is oppressed wyth too much abundaunce of bloude and the vitall Spirite choakâ—d and stopped Angre which is a passion so lyke to fury and madnesse as nothing in the world more what force it hath and how much it altereth the state outward shewe of the body appeareth chiefly by countenaunce colour grymme visage cruell and fierye eyes puffinge wrynkled nosethrilles byting lyppes enraged mouth trembling shakinge lymmes vnsteadye gate stammerynge and fearefull voyce This affection or rather perturbation of the mynd when it once reiecteth the rule of reason and groweth into disordered outrage is offensiue and troublous to others but chieflye and specially the party himselfe therew t affected throweth himself into perill of death or at least into diseases very dauÌ„gerous The mynd therfore must be reyned by reason and curbed by temperaunce that it yeld not to affections
can greatly hurte them Which persons althoughe with dainty fare idle life and much Sleepe they bring themselues many times to this porzynes corpulencie yet they be not so daungerously sicke whē any discrasie happeneth as they that be of the same constitution and state from their firste begīning For although some which in their youth were slender leane happen afterward to be fat grosse and fleshie yet their veynes Arteryes and other passages and cunduites of their bodyes remaine still large and wyde which thing plainlye appeareth whensoeuer they feeling themselues not wel at ease haue any occasion to be let bloud For in this accidentall habite of body althoughe the party be fat and forgrowen yet the veynes lye not hid vnappearing as in them that naturally be grosse but swel out and plainlye appeare to the eye offering thēselues to the Laūce by incisiō hāsomly to be cut Therfore although this moyst Cōplexion being cherished by heat be laudable good for that it prolongeth life differreth and keepeth away Oldage suffereth not the body to grow into drynesse yet if it exceede toofarre or stand in the point of extremity it is daungerous For when by reason of the veynes beinge ful the body ceasseth to be nourished and the faculties of nature which distribute nourishmente intermit their office and cannot worke in this case needes must the body go to wracke and incurre inconuenience so that eyther sodaine death therupon ensueth or els al least some rupture of y Vessels and veynes happeneth These things being considered it shal be good speedely and in time to forsee breake this habite and disposition and by y meanes of moderate euacuation abstynence and watchinge to preuente further daunger vsing such a prescripte diet and ordinary as best serueth to reduce the bodye into a safer and lesse daungerous Constitution For this is genera lye to be noted that a bodye is not to be accompted reckened moyst in respecte of abundaunce of excrements and humours but of a temperate moystnes of all the parts and of the whole proportionably together wyth which tēperate moysture naturall heate is fedde and nouryshed and life therby many yeares prolonged Finis Libri Primi THE SECONDE BOOKE WHER IN AS IN A GLASSE is plainly and liuelye described the perfecte state and expresse Image of euery particuler Nature By the vvhich euery man may most readily finde out the very right Constitution plight condition affect and disposition of his ovvne Body ¶ Of a Compounde Complexion The first Chapter COmpounde Complexions consistinge of two qualities a piece are in nūber foure like as y symple be vz hoat and Moyst Hoat and Dry Cold and Moyst Colde Drye vnto whom there belong and are appendant so many Humours diffused into euery parte of the whole body Bloud Phlegme Choler Melācholie These according to the nature of nourishmēt receyued are encreased or diminished suffring chaūg alteration are easelye one into an other transmuted And albeit these humours being of great force diuers wayes and sondryly affecting the bodye yea the wyth fulsome and vnpleasaunte exhalations and sentes is oftentimes greatly annoyed and encūbred euen as ill naughtye wyne bringeth to the brayne affects both hurtful and daūgerous may not be accompted Elementes neyther are able to constitute any Complexion yet are they endued wyth Elementall qualitye and vertue and helpe much to the conseruation keeping of the whole body in good plight and order For as wee see the fyer to be fedde wyth matter combustible and Torches Lynkes Candles and such like nouryshed wyth Oyle or some other rosennye and fattie substaunce so lykewise the elementall qualities and all the powers and faculties of nature derpued into the vital spermaticke seede of our Parents do stande in continuall neede of nourishment For if the body should not be susteyned wyth nourishment or if the humours which moystē euery particuler member should lack the preseruatyues and fomentations wherewyth they be maynteyned the whole frame of mans body must of necessity decaye and be vtterly dissolued and euery part thereof vanishe away into his lyke whereof it was generated or into that whose nature it conteyneth wythin it selfe whether it do participate with Fyer Apre Earth Water or drawe neere in nature and be famylier to any of them They depend mutually one of an other and are stedfastly maynteyned by the helpe and stay one of an other Neyther is there any parte in mans body so small so vyle or so abiect that hath not respect to the comelynesse and conseruation of the whole bodye doth orderly discharge his due office and proper function whereunto it was created And this I would not haue to be onely spoken and ment of y vse and vtility of euery of the members partes seuerally but also of the humours which by the helpe of nourishment do meynteine supporte and vnderproppe the temperamente and complexion of eche body and by the helpe of naturall heate do geeue increase and growth to al the members generally For which cause Hippocrates and Galene not wythout good reason apoint the foure naturall humours being perfect and pure the Elements of Creatures endued wyth bloud for out of theym commeth a secundarie oryginall of oure procreation For they mynister matter plentifully and helpe highly in the breedinge and shaping of the Infante or yonglinge specially if the body be well ballassed wyth good holesome meates and now and then heated wyth a draught of good wyne for without these Venus games are perfourmed but faintly sorilie which thing seemeth to be ment by the yong Strypling Chremes in Terence who being sober beganne to abhorre and loath his harlot and Concubine but beynge wel whittled in wyne to take therin gret delight and pleasure and not scarse able to qualefie himselfe from committinge further follie wyth her as in this Prouerbiall sentence he flatly professed Take meate and drincke and vvyne avvay Small is the lust to Venus play For the Testicles Genitories and members of generation draw vnto them frō the principall mēbers and conuert into Seede the best most exquistielye concocted humours Which seede hauing 〈◊〉 great store of effectuous profitable Spyrit is the worker of heate of all the other faculties and in the begetting and procreation of Children is the chiefe parent and causer Into it is a wonderful vertue and diuine power by Gods good will and appoyntmente infused for the shaping and fashioning of the yong Creature wythin the mothers wombe for it produceth a fruict of seemely most beautifull workemanship rightly shapen and in ech poynt perfectly proporcioned if the Seede wherof it was begotten do issue from a sound and holesome body for otherwyse if the seede be of a diseased corrupt and infected bodye the issue and ofspringe cannot choose but be monstruous and deformed Somewhat therfore to recreate the Reader to make this argument more
slaked into Ashes So likewyse in the body of mankinde Choler is first of saffrō colour then as heat encreaseth Leekishe somewhat contrary to nature next Brassie or rustie last of al blewish or skie colour like vnto Wadde an Herbe that Fullers and Dyers vse in colouring and dying their clothes which last of all is tourned into perfect black Choler or Melācholy All these sortes of Choler endued wyth virulent and poysonous qualityes infecte the mynde wyth lewde conditions and the body wyth loathsome diseases whereof many be of such malignaunt nature that hardly wil be cured as eating Cankers corrodinge vlcers runninge pockes loathsome tettars or ryngwormes in the face Morphew the Carbuncle wyeld fier or S. Antonies fier Herpes the eating deuouring Vlcer called Estiomenus and of Courtiers who commonly more then others are thereto subiect named the Wolfe for it exulcerateth the skinne and eateth the fleshe to the very boanes rottinge and putrefyinge the same depryuing the member of lyfe and from feeling of any paine besyde many other loathsome and cōtagious diseases proceeding and sprynging out of the common syncke and concurrencye of these Humours in somuch that a man in this case caryeth about wyth hym nothing els but a stinkinge rotten and corrupte Carkasse And loathsom lymms replete vvith mattry fylth ¶ Of a colde and drye Complexion wherein the Nature and condition of a Melancholique person because hee is of this temperature subiect to Choler is at large declared wyth remedies how to qualefie and subdue the same fullye decyphered The vi Chapter THose bodyes of all others are in worst case habite which consiste and be constituted of the combination and composition of Cold and Dry. For considering that the mayntenaunce and conseruation of lyfe consisteth in Hoat and Moyste who is he that can rightlye commende or allowe that quality and constitutiō of body which weareth away wasteth these fomentations or cheerishmentes of lyfe beyng the chiefe onely 〈◊〉 of health and welfare For we see in the whole course of Nature and in all thinges within the vniuersall Worlde Plantes Herbes all Creatuers endued wyth life Men and all that lyue by breath when they be once depryued or lacke heat and moysture quickly to decay growe vnto destruction For none other thing is Death neyther can anye fitter definition be deuysed for it then to saye that it is an abolishment and destruction of lyfe Nature spirable an extinctiō of the first qualities wherof the Humours haue their being and mayntenaunce Whensoeuer therfore a man arryueth is broughte into these qualityes either by Sicknesse Nature or by Age and course of yeares let him make his ful reckning that Death is not farre of For as touching vncertayne haps and sodaine casualties which euery minute of an houre hauge ouer all our heades generallye I thincke not meete hytherto to be referred nor in this place to be reckened for y they happē violētly and agaynst Nature making an ende of lyfe sooner then by course of nature else should bee Which happes and chaunces as they ought not to terrifye and dismaye any man eyther iourneying or Seafaring forasmuch as euery Christiā oughte to commende and referre the successe and euent of his whole affayres and busynes into the hands of God his Diuine prouidēce pleasure and vnto him onelye wyth firme Fayth to leane So also in this plight and disposition of bodye threatned with death and extreeme dissolution there is no cause why a mā should quayle in courage or retchelessely by all conuenient meanes he may neglect to tender and cheerish his body but so longe as anye sparke of lyfe lasteth neuer to ceasse to vse all such helpes and foments as may serue to the prolongation of his dayes For God of his bounteous liberality hath gratiously geeuen and appoynted manye thinges whereby the same may well and fully be brought about For as fruictlesse trees by pruning and industrie are made fruictfull and as barrayne groūd wearyed with long tyllage wyth dunging and composting is agayne restoared to fertility so likewyse bodyes that bee drye are wyth nourishment fit for the restoration of Nature comforted and brought euen vnto the full appoynted prefixed terme that by Nature is limitted as it were into the Hauen that we longe wished Which hope of prolongation and lengtheninge of lyfe no man of reasonable and indifferente iudgement in consyderation of Humaine thinges can disalow so that euery man herein submitting his will mynde vnto his Maker and Creatour in whom all thinges haue their beinge and consistence referre his dealings and desyres vnto his godlye dispensation and appoyntment acknowledginge all things whatsoeuer they be to be gouerned directed by the decree of his omnipotente pleasure But because Melancholy is subiect vnto a cold and dry quality neither can anye plighte or state of body proceedinge hence be worse then it nor more incommodious to health therefore it seemeth needeful to make some further discourse of the condition nature effect strength and differences thereof and how greatlye it affecteth both the body and the mynde of man. For all mē for the most part at the beginning of the Sprynge and Downefall of the Leafe at which season of the yeare this Humour doth most ryfely abound are subiect to Melācholicke affectiōs namely those that be Magistrates and Officers in the Commonwealth or Studentes which at vnseasonable times sit at their Bookes Studies For through ouermuch agitatiō of the mynd natural heat is extinguished the Spyrits aswell Animall as Vitall attenuated and vanish away whereby it cōmeth to passe that after their vitall iuyce is exhausted they fall into a Colde Drye constitution And of this Melancholike Humour there be two differences the one Naturall the other beside Nature That Melancholie which is naturall and familiar to a man is mylder and lesse hurtfull then the other For being caryed and conueyghed into the Veynes together wyth the Bloud it nourisheth the members that be of lyke Nature and cōdition to it selfe vnto them mynistreth nourishmente as the Boanes Grystles Ligaments and Synewes For this Humour is not vnlike vnto Beasts feete when they be soddē and brought into a Iellie which in eatinge cleaue to the fyngers and lyppes as tough as Brydlyme whereby it causeth Bloud to haue a good power retentyue and to be thicker because when it is ioyned with perfect Bloud and wyth the sweetenes thereof tempered and alayed as a sower grape with Hony or Sugar it thereuppon becommeth in tast and relyce not altogether sower or bitter as those thinges that exasperate the Iawes and Palate but somewhat tart and sowrysh and as it is commōly tearmed Ponticke such a relyce I meane as is in a grape out of which new Must is pressed being not as yet come to his perfect rypenes and maturytie such as in the latter ende of Autumne is brought out of Germany and Fraūce
some one of the chiefest Ingredientes Polycleti Regula Lib. 20. Cap. 10. De Sacerd. De ratione concâ—onandi De Oratore Notes or markes of a body perfectly teÌ„perate Lib. 3. Ode 3. Rom. 8. Affections naturall A Enei 4. Iuuenal Sat. 10. The nature of Democritus and Hetaclitus Counterfaite gate Psalm 45. Christ a paterne of perfection Ioan. 1. Collos 2. Heb. 4. Ioan. 11. Christ voyd of all ill affections Collos 3. Heb. 13. Heb. 11. 1. Pet. 2. Hoate complexion Tokens of a hoate Complexion Degrees of heate in man. Black haytes Curled hayres Varietie diuersity of body Imagination VVomeÌ„s intemperaunce A true report Black hayre Yelovv Whyte Redde Lib. 2. de Temper Why children hâ—â—e no beaâ—des Much store of hayre how it commeth To make the bearde grow Women ful of hayres on their head Hayrie women lecherous Barenuesse inwomeÌ„ vnablenes in men to get ChildreÌ„ Heate causeth holdnes Lib. 11 Cap. 37 The suttlety of Aristomenes Iudie 15. 16. 1. Reg. 17. Iud. 3. Bold rashnes Vertues defaced and marred by vices Lib. 6. de Rep. Bigge voyce AEnei 1. Things not naturall Artis Medicae 85. Ayre Fulsome pestileÌ„t ayre more hurtful then pestilent meat Contraryes are remedied by their coÌ„traryes A Enei 10 Dogge-dayes Englande praysed for clenly trim minge their houses Learned me and aged greatly reuerenced in England Meate drincke Lib. 1 Cap. 3. Moyst nourishmeÌ„t fittest for children Lib. 2 de leg lib 1. de tuend Valetud Wyne hurt full to children Qualefiers and alâ—yers of the heate of bloud 〈…〉 Li. 1. Off. Ill customes must by little and litle be taken away Chaunge in olde men dauÌ„gerous Cicero in Senect Lib. 5. de tueÌ„d Val. The profite thâ—t coÌ„meth by exercise Order of exercise Slouthe and ease hurtful Aduertisement to the sâ—â—dious Horace in Arte Poet. Sortes of exercise FreÌ„ch king killed in runninge at the Tylt 1559. Gentler exercises Musick chereâ—h maketh meerie the mynd of man. De valet lib. 5. A fit exercise for crokebacked persons To try good horses RecreatioÌ„s not commeÌ„dable Husbandry praysed Heau sce 1. Act. 1. Saciety or fulnes of Stomacke to be eselievved Epidi 6. Aphor. 5. The harme of Venerie or Carnall CopulatioÌ„ BloudlettiÌ„g not rashlye to be enter pryled Bloud spirite the treasure of life Not good for men in health to vse medicine Vomite seldome to be prouoked De ratione vict lib. 1. When to vomite Eccle. 31. To what persons vomyting is hurtfull The commodities of sleepe epist. 4. The day appointed for labour and the night for rest Eight hours for Sleepe Sound Sleepers Whye children and Dronkerdes be sleepye Who bee soone awaked oute of sleepe Wylie winkers Catchpoles Iuuen. Sat. 1. Lib. 1. Amor. The maner howe to lye in bedde Lying vpon the backe very vnholsome dauÌ„gerous Sleeping in the day hurtfull The harmes of ouerwatching All meÌ„ subiect to affections The greate hurts of affections Angre Tuscul 5. Tranquility of mynde TemperaÌ„ce Goddes holye spirite subdueth qualy fieth outragyous affections Heate the stayer and maintener of lyfe Cold the decay spoile of life Cold coupled wyth heate In cold bodyes heate doth not altogether lacke Creatures in touching cold The bloude of Fishes is cold What sorts of fishes beinge taken oute of the water liue longest Eatynge of fishe hurtfull to them that are giuen to be solytarie Genes 1. Act. 10. 1. Tim. 4. Solytary lyuers subiect to the Apoplexie A Snayles life Venemous Herbes Eccle. 12. Tokens of a colde Complexion Idlenes maketh the body fat and cold Heate maketh good colour Cold wasteth and taketh awaye colour Wanne colour The hungry Sicknesse Cold things stirre vp appetite Cold persoÌ„s drowsie and vnweldie The help cure of a cold body Foules hard of digestion Meates fit for cold persons Gardeine store Hoat Condimentes If men bee loath to be sicke it followeth that they be loth to die Death dreadfull Sinne the cause of sicknes death Sap. 2. 2. Kindes of death De Senect To be long lyued Notes of a dry CoÌ„plexion Lib. 2. Metam Baldnes coÌ„meth for lacke of humour Dry brayne causeth ill Memory Good MeÌ„morye Restoringâ— of the memorye Galen lib. 5. de tuen Val. Lib. 6. de tuend val Hard wynes or of the second sort Mylke Herbes hauing vertue to make one to pisse Lib. 2. Sat. 4. Turpentine holesome Lib. 3. de tuen Val. lib. 5. tueÌ„ val PrepariÌ„g of TurpeÌ„tine To make Turpentine liquide and potable Sleepe Friction Lib. 2. de tuen Val. Sixe sorts of Frictions Lucae 7. Lib. 15. Artificiall Bath Naturall Bathes Carnal dealing wyth womeÌ„ very hurtfull to dry and cold complexioÌ„s Studying by night and Candlelight hurtful Bodelye health De tueÌ„d Valet Bodye and mynde sick and wel together â–ª A holesome exercise for students Moderate banquetting not discommeÌ„dable Recreation of the mynd Comelye mirth at the Table Sat. 1. Lib. Ser. 2. Sat. 2. Curiosity in searching to high miste-ries Eccle. 3. Eche thinge ought to be done in his due time right order Moyst CoÌ„plexion Heate in maÌ„ likened to the SuÌ„ne and moysture to the Moone The influeÌ„ce force of the Moone The tokens of a moyste body Graye eyes Moyst complexioÌ„s not geuen to be malicious spightful Moyste natures not fumish and testy Tokens of a moyst complexioned body Euery parte of the body is by it selfe seuerally to be considered hath his proper temperature The state of the mynde in moyst coÌ„plexions Why men be wyser then womeÌ„ Eccl. 42 Carnall lust in Sommer to meÌ„ hurtfull Rue prouoketh lust in women but taketh it vtterly awaye in men Diet meete for a moyst CoÌ„plexioÌ„ Diet ouer moyst hurtful Moderate sleepe good for moyst persons Moyst folks must sleepe but very litle Sat. 1. Lib. 2. Aphor. 44. Moystare feedeth nourisheth heate Accordinge to the nourishment that a maÌ„ is fed withall humours eyther encrese or diminish The grosse exhalacion of humours hurtfull to the minde as dead and fulsome wyne is to the body Concord harmony in mans body De Natu â–ª humana Humours after a sort are the elemeÌ„ts of man. Eunuch Act. 4. Scaen. 5. The force and vertue of Seede Sounde parents beget sound Children ElemeÌ„tes 4. Qualities 4. Humours 4. The nature of bloud Phlegme Choler MelaÌ„cholie In bloud all the other humous are mixed When a veine is opened all the humours are ocularly to be seene Humours haue both colour and tast Spettle and Sweat haue their force power of humours TueÌ„d Val Lib. 6. De TeÌ„p 1 Temperatures subiect to chasige Old men by nature dry but in conditioÌ„ moyst DissensioÌ„ diuersitie of opinions daungerous The profite of bloud Leuit. 17. The cause why Moses forbad the eating of Bloudâ— Bloude not rashlye nor vnaduisedly to be let WheÌ„ce thâ— Arteries Veynes spring The Lyuer the shop of Bloud The heart fountaine of bloud The colour sheweth what humours be in the body Tuend val lib. 4. Affectes of the mynde chaung the colour of the face and body 1.
frowarder and eluisher Crew which be so daintie mouthed that nothinge can please so squeymish stomacked that nothing can satisfie let this poore Booke in Goddes name take his chaunce amōg them as it falleth out yea let it be as AEsope his fyle to grate and grynde their viperous teeth withall Sure I am that their seuere and Criticall cēsures can no more disquiet me hereafter then the Conscience of myne own imbecillitie hath terrified and displeased me alreadie Yet if thinges were to bee obteyned and compassed by wyshing I wold that neither this Booke neyther anye other heretofore by mee published should offend anye no not the verie waywardest But because my case may peraduenture now stande no better then it did longe agone with the Philosopher Theodorus Atheniensis who complayned of greate discurtesy shewed vnto him because those thinges which he gaue with the righte hand were snatched vp and taken by his Auditorye with the lefte meaning thereby his workes and Lectures whiche he publishinge to good purpose were wrested and sundrely by captious carpers canuassed with sinister interpretations therfore for refuge I flee into the Sanctuary of your Lordships wonted clemencie with trust thence not to be shouldred out and reiected but freely to bee allowed the benefite of your goodnesse that I may leane vpon the staffe of your approued wisdome aucthoritie and creepe vnder the Targe of youre fauorable prorection against the currish bawling rancklinge tooth of barking Theon In assured hope whereof I rest beseechinge God to endue and blesse you with the Right honourable Lady Francis your Lordships vertuous and louing wife with the riche giftes of his heauenlye grace and with continuaunce of prosperous health both of soule and body to his honor and glory your own desyres and comfortes and to the profite of this your natiue Countrey From Butley in Chesshyre the 21. of September 1576. Your good Lordships wholy to commaunde Thomas Newton ¶ FOR THE MAINTENAVNCE AND PRESERuation of Health being the best and chiefest thing that any man in this life can vvish or desire it is most requisite to haue a perfect knovvledge of oure ovvne bodyes The first Chapter CICERO that worthy father of al learninge and eloquence sayth in my opinion righte pithilre that man his healthe is preserued by knowledge of his owne body and by vsing such things as are thereto eyther beneficiall or hurtfull finally in continencie of life ordrlye vsage of bodye and forbearing of pleasures which in my iudgement are not so hurtful to the body as they be pernicious to the minde It behoueth therefore and it standeth euery man vpon perfectly and thorowly to know the habite constitution of his owne bodye which consisteth in a temperament a mixture of foure qualities hoate moyst cold and dry For by this meanes shall he be a great deale better able to keepe himselfe in healthe and to wythstand sicknes or recure diseases whensoeuer they happen And sithens naturall health is nothinge els but a right constitution and state of the body and all partes thereof wherby euery seuerall mēber dischargeth orderly executeth his proper fūction office duty and action wythout any maner of let or greeuaunce and sithence Sicknesse as an affecte contrary to nature eyther makinge worse or altogether hindering this action molestinge payning nature cleane contrary to health and naturall soūdnesse I cannot see how any man conuenientlye can eyther keepe himselfe in that present state of good health wherein hee is or restore the same being empayred and discrased vnlesse he haue the knowledge of his owne bodye be ripe and skilfull in the temperament thereof And albeit the Soule be farre more excellent then the body and be the better part of mā for the furniture and garnishing wherof I would haue the chiefest care and industry bestowed yet notwythstanding I iudge it right needefull also to haue a diligent eye and respect to the body leaste otherwise it should be a burthen to the Soule and hinder it from matters of more wayght and worthines For the body being healthfull euerye member doth his office and dutie and is to the minde at whose commaundement it standeth obeysaunt and seruiceable To this ende is that worthy saying of the Poet Iuuenal Most chiefly ought our prayers to be made For healthy minde vvithin a body sound Aske courage stoute and liue in honest trade Feare not at all of death the lethall vvound Passe forth thy dayes vse Natures giftes aright In pleasaunt sort vvith them thy selfe delight Acquaint thy selfe to labour toyle and drudge Shrinke not a vvhit rage not vvith svvellinge ire Haue not to deale vvith trade of scraping snudge VVho neuer hath ynough to his desire To quiet life is no mo vvayes but one If thou vvilt knovv it vertue is alone Which giftes of bodye minde whosoeuer is endued wythall vnto him can no surer and stedfaster possession happen agaīst them preuayleth neyther the instabilitie of fortune neyther cāthe mutability of worldly ficklenes chalēg either ryght or superiority For greate wealth large possessions sumptuous buildinges huge reuenewes ample patrimonyes glorious titles and Honourable Styles in cōparison of these are of none accompte neyther serue they to anye vse nor bringe to man any cōtentacion Consider what the Poet doth here say and by these cōsider of all the rest Not house nor land not gold nor fee The Corps can ease from crased plight Nor minde from cares sound must he bee That gotten goodes vvould vse aright Wherefore sithe health of bodye and health of minde are by good righte to be reckened amonge the chiefest goods and of all other the best reason requyreth and expedient also is it for all men in procuring and preseruing the same to bestow their chiefest care and whole diligence and both for themselues for so many as depend vpon them earnestlye to desire these comfortable stayes and cheerishmentes of life the better more commodiously to passe the race of this transitory pilgrimage wythoute dislykinge or greeuaunce For if wee will credite Horace VVhat better thing can mother vvishe her tender Babe vntill Then vvysedome vttraunce fauour fame vvith health and vvealth at vvill He therfore that gladly would runne his race pleasaūtly passe forth his whole dayes must haue speciall care to keepe himselfe in perfect healthe but first and prīcipally in the health of mind and nexte of body wythoute whose perfecte state and soundnes the minde it selfe is not rightly susteyned vpholden nor comforted For by the ignoraunce or not knowinge of our owne selues and by negligente loking to the state of our owne bodyes and mindes we are haled and will wee nill wee throwen into sondrye diseases and innumerable affections and like a shippe ful fraighte with wares in tempestuous boisterous weather caryed and dashed vppon the rockes of perturbation Whereby it commeth to passe that manye are by death cutte of euen in
being otherwyse so wōderfully seuere and crabbed yet at the wyne was so pleasaunt and conceiptuous hee merelye aunswered that he was like to a kinde of Pulse called Lupines Which kinde of Pulse although they be naturally bitter and by their bitternes of force to kill wormes yet the same being steeped soaked in water renounce and leaue all bitternes and become both sweete pleasaunt And this is naturally giuen to all men that when the body is refreshed wyth meate and drinck al bitternes sorrow and heauines is expelled and banished For the Spirites by moderate drinking of wyne are styrred vppe and the mind of man which in them that be fasting and hungry is faynt weake and like vnto fier raked ouer wyth ashes almost quenched is reuyued And this is the cause why a dead body is heauier thē a lyuing because all his Spirites are vanished and departed out of him and so likewyse is a fasting persō heauier then one that hath filled his belly and one that slepeth waightier then one that watcheth And therfore my fashion is to aduise and counsell Melācholique folkes and sullen natured personnes to vse banquetting and good cheere amonge honest and mery cōpany For thus after Plato wryteth the Poet. Euen olde Dan Catoes stomacke oft By vvyne vvas made to come aloft Which man although churlish sterne frowning yet did wyne so much driue away his naturall seueritye and grimme countenaunce that amonge the other guestes he became a pleasaunte companion and of manners very gentle and familiar For this worthy Gentleman although otherwise he was a very precise comptroller and of Stoicall grauity perceyued wel ynough that mās nature required som relaxatiōs delights and that it may not lōg cōtinue wythout som myrth pleasaunt recreation Let therefore euery man take surueigh of himself and serch out what his nature most desitreth in what state his body stādeth what thinge it is that he feeleth himselfe to be holpen and what to be offended wythall And if he finde the plighte and state of his bodye to be in equability and perfect temperatenes it shal be good to cheerishe and preserue it wyth his like but if it shrinck from his sayd temperate habite and decline to an intēperatenes then had it neede to be holpen and recured wyth his contraryes Thus if a man throughe aboundance of humours and stoare of bloude and Spirites feele himselfe prone to carnalitie and fleshlye luste let him by altering his order diet enioyne to himselfe a more strict ordinary frame his dealings to a more stayed moderation But if hee feele himselfe to bee of nature somewhat sulleyne and sterne giuē somwhat to be wayward whyning testye churlishe and intractable then reason wylleth suche a one to bee reclaymed to an order and trade of life gentler and pleasaunter insomuch it shall not be ill for such a one to frequent daūcing singing womens flatteryes alluremēts and embracings prouided alwayes that all the same be not otherwyse done nor ment but in honestye and comelines wythin a reasonable measure also within the bounds of lawfull wedlock For the state of Matrimony as Columella aduoucheth out of Xenophōs booke of Household is in such sorte appoynted by nature that in it is conteyned not onely the pleasaūtest but also the profitablest societye of life And least mankinde in processe of tyme should come to an vtter ruine and decay it pleased God by this lawfull meanes to ioyne man and woman together that of theyr inseperable combinacion the state of man should might by mutual helpe one of an other be eased and cōforted and that beside the loue and desire that they haue to bring furth children they mighte be tyed and bound together equally and indifferentlye to participate all fortune whatsoeuer shoulde betyde But for so much as approued and skilfull mē that haue written bookes for the mayntenaunce of mens health generally doe specially set downe these three principall thinges To eate moderately and leaue somevvhat vvith an appetite To vse conuenient exercise And to liue continently vvithout vvastinge seede of generation I take it to be the best waye to reduce the whole substaunce of the matter mayntenaūce of health to this prescribed rule and direction For seing that measurable repaste and feeding all surphet and glotony being banished maketh a sound body seing I say exercise by shaking of all drow tsinesse and slouth maketh the bodye stronge and liuely then no more but harkē what a short lessō Virgill giueth for the other No better vvaye the strength of minde And povvers thereof still to maintaine Then Venus play and Loue so blinde To shunne and vvarely to refrayne ¶ Of the nature and differences of Spirits what they worke in mans body and what affections they cause The second Chapter FOrasmuche as the Spirite is the originall maintener and conueigher of naturall heate whereunto moysture necessarilye adhereth that the Soule by the mynisterye and ayde thereof perfourmeth her powers and faculties and atchieueth all her actions it is requisite here next to discourse vpon it and vppon all the differences thereof For seinge there be three especiall thinges in whose temperature and moderation the health of mans body doth prīcipally cōsist vz. vitall moysture naturall heate Spirite which combineth all thinges and imparteth his force vertue nature vnto them our present purpose being considered we cannot by order choose but of necessity must presētly somwhat speake therof Vitall moysture is the nourishmente and matter of naturall heate whereupon it woorketh and by the benefite therof is maintayned and preserued With this Humour or vitall moysture is naturall heate fed and cheerished and from the same receyueth continuall mayntenaunce and from it participateth vitall power whereby all Creatures do liue are nourished encreased preserued procreated Spirite is the seate and caryer of Heate by whose helpe and mynisterye it is conueyed and sente by the conduites and passages of the Arteryes to euery seuerall part of the bodye Wherefore worthyly is this Spirite thought to be the chiefe and principal Instrument that procureth and executeth euery action These three do vnseperably cleaue together mutuallye helpe one an other and cannot be sundered wythout present death of the party and for this cause do wee thus in one definition expresse conclude and comprehend theyr force and nature wythin one definition Naturall heat is nothīg els but an originall humour wyth vitall spirite and heate totally moystened But forasmuch as Spirite conteyneth vitall heate and is of all the faculties ruler and directer spredeth it self most swiftly throughoute the whole body caryeth and extendeth his powers into euery part thereof vniuersally besyde this doth manifestly chaūge and alter the state both of body and minde therefore as the rest require great labour and diligēce vpon them to be bestowed so specially vpon this is the chiefest care to be takē to restore mayntein
thinges estraunged from oure bodyes not naturallye in vs engraffed but externally happening and yet nathelesse such as are as apt and ready to disquiet and annoy oure bodyes as those that be naturally planted in vs And these bee Meate and Dryncke wherewyth wee restore all such ouerdrye or ouer moyste substaunce as to the body is requysite And these twayne if they bee eyther immoderately taken or bee corrupte and vnholesome they do engender great stoare of excrements and sondry diseases Next vnto these is the Ayre that compasseth and on eche syde enuyroneth vs which beinge eyther extreemelye hoate or drye or ouermuch moyste or colde causeth enforceth a manifest alteration in the state of the whole body But to come somewhat neere and more aptlye to declare this matter it is to be vnderstanded that the verye beginninges of mans nature and principles of his generation is feminine Bloud Seede generatiue The one as it were of certayne apt conuenient and tractable matter like moyst claye or soft waxe is ready to fashion oute and proportion anye thing that the workemaÌ„ employeth it vnto And the Seede is as it were the workeman himselfe Both these thinges consist and are made of the same generall Elements and conteyne within them the qualityes aboue specifyed but the difference amonge themselues is in the order and measure of their temperameÌ„t For in the seede there is more of fierye and ayrie substance that is to say it is pertaker of aethereal Spirite In the Bloud there is more of watry and earthy albeit in this last the heate is aboue colde and moyst aboue dry For wee maye not say and affirme that Bloud is dry like boanes but to be moist Now is Seede dryer theÌ„ Bloud and yet it is also moyste fluible liquide Thus on both sydes the oryginall of mans generation proceedeth of moyst substaunce yet so that thence is laboured and made other partes of the bodye that be drye as Synewes Veynes Arteryes Bones and Grystles Now that which in the woÌ„be is conceyued and together of those principles fourmed waxing dryer taketh as it were the first lineamentes and proportion of euerye member afterward comming to perfect shape taketh further encrease so groweth to his iuste bignesse and decente quantitye And when it hath raught to his ful growth and bignesse as when the boanes for want of nourishmente are no longer plyable then doth a man ceasse from further growiÌ„g waxeth neither taller nor broader For comely talnesse and length of personage commeth and is caused of the aboundaunce of heate and moysture where the Spyrite is throughlye and fully perfused And if it happen that any eyther old or yong throughe sicknes or some other affect to fal into a cold and dry habite or disposition their bodies become and are leane wrynckled slender illfauoured thinne and lancke and their lymmes weake and crooked It fareth by them muche like as it doth by Horses Oxen or such like beastes that are skanted nipped of their fodder feeding or as it doth by Trees and other greene Herbes that lacke the iuyce of the ground not conueniently watered Therefore a fashioÌ„ that some Scholemasters others that take the charge vpon them to teach and boorde yonge boyes is mee thinckes both lewde vnconscionable who beinge at a playne bargaine and certaine stint of money reasonably agreed vppon betweene theym and the childrens frendes pinche theyr poore pupills and borders by the belly and allowe them meate neyther sufficient nor yet holesome yea not onely beastly sluttishlye nippinglye vse they the seely childreÌ„ but threatninglye enforce them to beare oute the labour of theyr studyes wyth a slender allowance and small pittaunce of vnsauery resty fleshe stinking fish and hoary vinewed bread which thing causeth them to be ill complexioned coloured the shape comlynes and beauty of theyr bodies to degenerate growe out of fashion the quicknes courage lyuelynes and sharpenes of their wit to decay theyr spirits to be dulled al the liuely vertues towardnes of the mynd which before was in them eyther by the benefite of Nature or by the industry of the parentes or finally by the onely special gift of Almighty God to be extinct vtterly quenched insomuch that neyther theyr mynd is enflamed with desire to attein atchieue any worthy atteÌ„pt nether frame they theÌ„selues vnto those thiÌ„gs wheruÌ„to they were inclinable by nature apt towardly As touching the outward case of their body they coÌ„moÌ„ly breake out haue their bodyes pinked ful of scabs by reasoÌ„ of ill humours ouerwhealed engrayled with lothsome blisters blaines byles botches Wherby it commeth to passe that in growth they seldom come to any personable stature to the vse of their ful powers to perfect streÌ„gth firmity of theyr members or to any haÌ„dsom scature or proper coÌ„poâ—â—ioÌ„ of bodily proportion the cause is for that in their tender growyng age being kept vnder by famine and skanted of conuenient meate and drincke theyr natiue moysture which requyreth coÌ„tinual cheerishing mainteynauÌ„ce was skaÌ„ted debarred of his due nourishment coÌ„petent allowance Whereupon the vital iuyce being exhausted speÌ„t they arriue to old age sooner theÌ„ otherwise they should doe are snatched vp by death long before their time Now that affect plight which bringeth the body into a cold dry disposition is called Olde age because it is the cause of corruption decay destruction of all aswell Creatures lyuinge as Plants herbes For death is nothing els but the extinction of nature that is to saye of the naturall Heate naturall Humour In which two things life consisteth to which extinction ende many are brought sooner then they should be either through want and defect of nourishment or throughe vntemperate life as toomuche carnall company with women vnseasonable watchinge heauines of mynde thoughte and manye other causes which hasten old age bring death vnloked for before his time contrarye to the order of age and course of Nature Do we not see many old meÌ„ lusty mery and wel complexioned strong of limmes good footemeÌ„ in their old dayes as fresh actiue as many yong meÌ„ be all which coÌ„meth vpoÌ„ no other cause but that in their youthfull dayes they liued orderly wel and spent not their adolescencie in vnruly riot lechery Againe there be of youngmeÌ„ a great nuÌ„ber weake worne to the bare stumps feeble lame fainte and impoteÌ„t dry as a kixe pale as ashes waÌ„ne colored for that they spent exhausted all the pithe and strength of theyr youth and adolescencye in wanton sensuality disordered riot and immoderate vse of Venerous daliauÌ„ce coÌ„suming therin the very floure and prime of their lusty age For euen as pleasauÌ„t gay March floures in the Springe of the yeare with nipping weather and sharpe Northernelye wynds do fade and
wyther away againe so likewyse youth and flourishing age by vsing ill order and fashion is dryed vppe before his due time and ere it come to his full rypenes Therefore to decline and shunne such things as be hurtful and to prolonge lyfe many yeares and to bring to passe that olde age shall not be tedious cumbersome and burdenous but easye pleasaunt and delightful it lyeth a man in hand to take that order and trade whereby health may be maynteyned and still preserued or if it happen to be discrased and empayred how it may againe be restored and bettered The thinges that hinder and crushe it and which do weaken alter and corrupt the temperament that naturally is in vs are not fewe For the Humours of the body receiue and take sondry qualityes accordinge to the faculties that be in our nourishmente and in the order of our vsual diet Wherunto are to be added Bathes Heate Exercise Cold Wearynes Thyrst Hūger Sleepe Rest the state of the Ayre and affections of the mynde all which do sondry wayes alter the habite and state of our bodyes for the most part maketh them worse By this meanes the bodye that was hoate and moyste is by litle and litle broughte to be cold and drye or to some other ill qualitye Also as yeares age steale on vs as times come and go as the world frameth with vs eyther forward or backwarde in prosperitye or aduersity in good fortune or bad manye thinges happē vnto a man which shake shrewdly batter a mās good health Vnto which effect the Poet Horace very aptly in my opynion wryteth thus VVhile yeres be fres he gallant is our age Full many ioyes and pleasures do vve tast But elder yeares those iolie ioyes doth svvage And disaduauntage to vs bringe as faste Wherunto accordeth that same sentence of holy Iob where hee doth liuely expresse set out the fraile momentanie vaine trāsiory state of mans life and to how manye discommodities daūgers aud chaunges the same is subiecte and endaungered A man sayth hee that is borne of a vvoman hath but a short time to liue and is full of myserie he commeth vp and is cut dovvne like a goodlye flovver and vanisheth avvay like a shadovv neuer continueth still in one state For as yeares do passe and mans age doth march forward there still happen chaunges and mutacions For age is no other thing but the race or course of life or the time that wee haue to runne from oure Infancie till wee come to olde age in which time the state and constitution of mans Bodye is altered and steppeth from one temperamente to an other and at lengthe natiue heate beinge extincte by death is diuorced and broughte to finall dissolution Thus hath Infancie which of all others is the moystest in it great aboundaunce of naturall heate and in the fourth or seuenth yeare suffreth mutacion in those yeares commonly we be in great daunger Nexte after it is Childhoode contynuinge till aboute the fiftenth yeare of oure Age and the same subiecte to no few hazards and discommodities Pubertie is prone and subiect to very manye inconueniences which taketh his ende at the age of xviii yeares As for wylfull and slypperye Adolescencie which endeth at xxv yeares is as the others subiect to sōdry casualties mutacions as dayly experience sheweth Youth or flourishing Age wherein the body and mynde be in their chiefeste prime and iolitye lasteth till a man bee xxxv yeares olde durynge which Age Bloude beareth swaye aboundantlye and Humours somewhat waste whereby it happeneth that this temperamente in continuaunce and processe of time beginneth to bee taken for Hoate and Drye whereas Adolescencye is aboundantlye stoared both of moysture and heate Mans Age reacheth to the fiftyeth yeare or somewhat further in which tyme man is in his full rypenes and leauing former pleasures and delightes his mynde aduysedlye carefullye and wysely dealeth in euery thinge that he enterpryseth But the Bodye standeth at one staye suffreth no great mutacion till sixtie three or sixtie fiue yeres of age for then Age hasteneth on apace and draweth towarde his longe home and then beginneth the bodye to be colde and drye beinge the firste enteraunce and steppe into Oldeage which is the nexte neyghboure to decrepicie and dotage that standeth at the pittes brincke neerest vnto death Which as it is not rashlye to be wyshed for so neyther is it amonge Chrystians at all to bee feared consyderynge that the Soule beinge by Fayth assured of a better and sweeter lyfe and hauinge an vndoubted hope of a Resurrection oughte in this poynte to bee throughly perswaded and be ful wylling cheerefullye to departe hence In the meane space whyle hee hath to runne his race in this worlde euerye man maye so behaue himselfe and qualefye his dealynges that through temperate vsage and orderlye moderation of lyfe in youth hee maye bee furnished wyth helpes and haue in stoare some of his former strenghte the better to passe ouer his Olde Age and therein to feele the lesse tediousnes For whereas euerye other Age hath hys certayne tyme and prescripte terme how longe it shall last onely Old age hath no time to it appointed but to liue as longe as hee maye and to wayte for death and bid it welcome when soeuer it commeth Pythagoras very properly applyeth the foure quarters of the yeare that is Springe Sōmer Autumne and Wynter being times comprehēded wythin the two A Equinoctia the two Solstitia to the fower ages of man Whose sayinge and opynion Ouid in Verses to this effecte descrybeth Do vve not see the yeare by course in quarters foure deuided Hovv iumpe it aunsvveres to our age if vvell it be decided For sucking Babe and tender Impe the Springe resembleth right VVhich into Sommer glides apace like blade deuoyde of might VVhen Spring is past then marcheth on the Sommer tricke and gay VVhich likened is to lusty youth strong dapper lacking stay VVhen youthfull fancies mellovved be then Autumen steppes in place Tvvixt yong and olde of iudgement ripe vvith medley hayres on face Old crookebackte Hyems last of all vvith trembling pace appeares VVith furrovved face cleane bald or els All vvhite and mylky hayres This chaungeable alteration this conuersion mutabilitye inconstancye and inclination of thinges from one to an other in the whole course of nature doth manifestlye argue and proue all thinges to be momentanie vaine transitory brittle ruinous and vanishinge as a flower of the field quickly fading away Seinge therefore the bodye continuallye slydeth into worse and worse case suffreth many detrimentes whereby our strength and powers be empaired and manye wayes both inwardlye and outwardlye enfeebled it standeth vs vppon not negligently but carefully to loke to the conseruation thereof and so carefullye to prouyde for the same that it may continue in state sound health ful so long as nature hath limitation Here is
no neede of anye examples reasons or proofes sithens euery man is therein throughly experienced and perswaded how vnwillinge al men in generall bee to leaue the sweetenes of this lyfe with what greate care study industrye euery man will striue to keepe his body in health and ridde it from sicknesses and diseases which do not onely for the time greuously assault bruise torment afflict the body with paine and doloure but also set before oure eyes a certayne representation or shew of death it selfe I will not here speake of the disquietnes and trouble wherin the mynde thereby is plunged of the manyfolde affections at such a time specially oppressing the same Who is he I pray you that being in these so great and so many calamities turmoyled in these vexatiōs miseries griefe and shortnes of life so charged and ouerwhelmed would not gladly seeke some remedy and mitigation of his dolors and prouyde for some helpes to comfort ease his irksome labours Which thinges who soeuer is desyrous to seeke and obtayne must not thincke that things momentany as wealthe rychesse honours Lordshippes greate possessions fayre houses sumptuous and costly apparell after the brauest guyse and maner wrought and deuysed can helpe him thereto but a quiet well stayed mynde free and cleare from all perturbations and next to that a sound and healthfull body that is free from sicknes which be the best and chiefest things that a mā can aske and haue at the bountefull hands of God so lōg as hee hath in this world to continue his pylgrimage ¶ The fift Chapter describing what Crasis or Temperamēt is wherin consisteth the plighte state constitution and complexion of euery mans bodie CRasis or temperamente for the order of oure worke requyreth the same by definition to be declared is an agreemēt and conueniencie of the first qualities Elementes amonge themselues Or and equall mixture or proportion of the qualityes of the Elements wherin no excesse blame-worthy or faultye is to be founde Contrarywyse Intēperature is that which is compact of the disagreeable and vnlike powers of Elemēts and qualities and swarueth from moderation And as in Musicall Instruments there is perceyued a certayne accord of times and a sweete agreeable harmonie in stryking the stringes that no vnpleasaūt discord or būgling iarre dislyke the curious eare of the hearer so lykewyse in a temperate habite of the body there is an apt and conuenient mixture and temperature of the Elements and qualities insomuch that no one qualitye can by it selfe be shewed but a constante absolute and perfect composition minglinge of the qualities and Elements all together And as in makinge Salades Sauces or medicines of many sōdry herbes the Compounds be al mingled together and euery of the ingredients becom as one insomuch that no one thinge appeareth or can by it selfe be discerned or perceyued so likewyse happeneth it in the qualities of the Elemēts of whose mixture cōmeth is made at our creatiō natiuity the first original of our substāce In which tēperatures mixtures there be ix seueral differences wherof one is temperate in eche respecte absolute lac nothing that is thereto requisite in the which no one of the clementall qualityes exceedeth or passeth an other but be in an equal measure euen proportiō without any thing amysse or any distēperaunce at all Eyght bee intemperate whereof Foure be symple and Foure compounde That temperature which is only hoate wherin heate surmoūteth cold is the equality of moysture and drynesse Cold wherein coldnes beareth dominton Moyst wherein moysture chiefly ruleth And dry where drynesse is aboue moysture the reste beinge a lyke and equall that is to say tempered wyth hoate and cold The compound temperatures which be compoūd of two qualities together are these hoate moist Hoate and dry Cold moyst Cold dry of whom the constituion of the bodye which the Greekes do call 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and the common sort Complexion amonge the Phisitions is named and termed of that which in the myxture beareth chiefest swaye For wyth them that body is called hoate where is moste stoare of heate Drye wherin drynes raygneth And lykewyse of the residue So the composition of medicynall drouges wherin be sōdry ingredientes hath hys name of some such one of the same as is chiefest and more of force then the other as Dianucum Diacappar Hiera picra Diaphenicum Oleum Vulphinum c. Now because I would haue this matter exactly vnderstoode as a thyng not onely to Physitions but to all y destre to lyue in health right holesome and auayleable I will as farre as I am able and as diligentlye as I can declare and set out the reasons order and effecte of euery one And first wil I begin with the state of the Temperate nature or at least I will pourtraict set before your eyes a patterne and image thereof first cōceyued in mynd or imaginatiō not that there is any such to be shewed in the whole world neither can any such be found in deede vnlesse peraduenture as a man should say that God speciallye and originallye had priuiledged some suche from heauen but I wil set it downe for y all that other natures in mē are ought hyther to be referred by this rule to be tryed that euery man may perfectly behold what in himself is to much and what too litle Neyther let a mā be ouer-rash and hasty in seing a body that is of hoate habite to iudge heate in the same to be aboue moysture or colde to preuayle aboue drynesse vnlesse hee haue a very diligente and carefull respecte to this perfecte temperature and first set it before his eyes as a marke whereunto to leuell and direct his dealing and iudgement ¶ Of a Complexion perfectly and exactly temperate The Sixt Chapter THe temperate state of bodye that is in ech respect perfecte absolute requyreth very diligentlye to be handled and throughlye to be discoursed for that I would haue the whole mynde therevnto to be directed al the rest of the states or habites of the body to it applyed and leuelled as it were by rule lyne y euery man may note and obserue in himself howe farre he is of from good sound disposition or integritye of temperature what way he were best to take to bring himself as neere as he can possibly into his former state againe For the farther from this that any man is in worse case of health is hee and a great deale readier to fall into diseases of body perturbatiōs of mynde A body that is in eche respect perfect sound may most aptly be termed called Polycletlabus Rule Which prouerbe is appliable to al such thīgs as are done most perfectly wel wherin there is nothīg lacking nor amisse so that all other thīgs ought by it as by a Touchstone to be tryed The Metaphore is
Yongmen and suche as bee in their flourishinge and lustye Age and full of humours do dye and take their ende muche like as when a great flaming fyer is sodeinlye quenched with great stoare of Water Againe he sayth that Oldmen decease like fyer that of it owne accord quencheth and wythout anye other violence goeth out What a deale of smoake what soote what sparkles do we see fly vp into the ayre what crackling noyse doth the great nuÌ„bre of sparkes make when we assay to quench a light burninge flame or with powring great abundaunce of water to slecke a great heape of woode layed al vppon one fyer Wherby we may coniecte what vehement and painefull struggling what sharpe conflicte what raginge sturre and stryuing is in a Yonge bodye when as throughe violence of Sicknesse or other destenie the lustynesse of his Nature being not yet spent his warme heat and lyuely Spyrites be oppressed and stifled To this ende is that elegante and apt comparison of Cicero For sayth hee as rawe and vnrype apples are not plucked from the Tree but by violence and force but beyng rype fall downe of theyr owne accord or wyth little touchinge So lykewyse the lyfe of Yonge men is taken away with force but of Oldmen by maturitie and rypenes This thought I good heere to enterlace as a thing not greatly besyde my purpose diligentlye aduertyzing all men euen from theyr infancy and childhoode to shunne and declyne all such things as are preiudiciall to their bodyes and harmeful to theyr health whether the same procede of outward or of inward causes Whosoeuer therefore is desyrous to keepe himself from beynge toosoone Old and to prolonge his lyfe as longe as may be must very diligently take heede of many lettes and hinderaunces that damuifye and lye in wayte to preiudice hys lyfe but namely and specially let him haue a carefull eye to keepe himselfe from this Dry plight state of body And by what mennes he may so do after certaine â—â—tes first geeuen whereby to knowe what person is of this Complexion I will briefly and compendiously geeue plaine instructions asking to all Students and personnes politick doubtlesse right 〈◊〉 me profitable and expediâ—â—t to be knowâ—â— All they therfore that eyther of the Nature of their owne bodelye state and Complexion or by any defect in their Parents at theyr byrth procreation or finally by any accidentall myssehappe or custome of lyuing as by waÌ„t of foode thought watch heauynes of mynd or immoderate labour haue commonly bodyes slender and thinne and their shinne where drynesse is great skuruye rugged vnseemely and lancke like vnto hunger-starued horses that lacke meate and attendaunce of colour ill fauoured swarte and yelowe as a Kites foote and at the last grymme visaged sower couÌ„tenaunced faced lyke death fylthy loothsome and leane as a Rake to conclude in all respects resembling the Physsognomy and shape of Enuye described by Ouid. A face like Ashes pale and vvanne a body skraggie leane A learning looke and teeth all furde vvith drosse and fylth vncleane Her Stomacke greenish is vvith Gall her Tongue vvyth venime fraught And neuer laughes but vvhen missehappe or harme hath others caught No vvink of Sleepe comes in her eyes and rest she can none take For fretting carke and cancred care her vvatchfull still doth make Full sore against her vvill it is that any man should thryue Or prosper in his busynesse For that doth her depryue Of all her rest and quietnes thereat the hellish Elfe Doth stampe and stare doth fret and fume and pynes avvay herselfe And to her selfe a torment is for seeking to annoye The vvealth and state of other folkes herselfe she doth destroye And because drynesse feedeth vppon and wasteth all their humour they be thinne hayred and waxe soone bald crooke nayled their voyce feeble and slender and sometime squeakinge by meanes that drynes exasperateth their vocall artery their pulses beatiÌ„g faintly slow gate holow eyed pale lypped shrunken temples hanging cheekes cold cruÌ„pled eares of stature not greatly tal of sleepe which is a most sweete refuge release truce from laboures and cares through distemperature of the braine very litle And if theyr braine be altogether drye and hoate then is theyr Memory nought and in a maner none at all then be they very oblyuious blockeheaded and heauye spyrited For sythens the Spyrits fayle and be defectiue which as cleare syncere vapoure proceede out of purest bloud by the benefit of heate haue great force vertue in directing mouiÌ„g forward actioÌ„s it is not possible that the faculties powers naturall beinge destitute of their forces should performe rightly discharge their due peculiar functions But if the vertue or power Animal be perfect vigorous the brain not altogether destitute of heate theÌ„ is the memory stedfast firme retentiue for as immoderat moystnes causeth forgetfulnes doltish folishnes as in yong Children dronkards appeareth so moderate drynesse with the helpe of measurable heate maketh a good and faithfull Memory highlye furthereth toward the attainment of Prudence Wysedome For a drye brightnes induceth a mynde full fraught wyth wysedome the more store of moystnes that is therein the lesse is the wit which thing wee do also note and see to come to passe by the ayre when the weather is skowling and not cleare For the Starres shine not bright out when the ayre is wyth cloudes and foggye mystes ouercast and darckened Nowe the cause why manye in their Oldage doate and become very forgetful albeit this Age be sayd to be most dry yet the same happeneth not by reason of drynes but of coldnes which manifestly preiudiceth and hindereth all the vertues offices of the mynd For out of it spryngeth madnesse losse of right wits amazednes rauing dotage and wante of the righte vse of the Senses whereby the vertues of Nature be so oppressed ouercharged the they be thereby eyther altogether disabled from perfourming their functions or at least do the same very faintly and feeblie Therefore when Memory is perished or affected it procedeth of some cold disteÌ„perature which must with things moderately hoate â–ª be remoued and expugned For to humect or to arefie is not the best way But if coldnes be ioyned with moystnes then to vse arefactioÌ„ if it be lynked with drynesse then to vse humectacion Now if this quality be not throughly settled and rooted these signes and tokens aforesayd do not exactly aunswere to this descriptioÌ„ but as the disteÌ„perauÌ„ce by litle litle groweth encreaseth so do they appeare shew forth theÌ„selues euery day more and more Which happeneth namely to them that be affected wyth this habite not naturally but casuallye and accidentally or by some sicknes of the bodye or by some vexation of mynde For Temperamentes are subiect to many and sondrye alterations In some heate wasting spending vp moysture
of Spayne and souereigne Ruler of all the lowe Countreyes his Grace being heere wyth vs the last yeare at Zickzey outwardly arguyng in him a most myld nature and a mynde most vertuously dispâ—sed There be yet manye other notes markes and tokeÌ„s appertayning to this Constitucion which a man may not alwayes safely truste vnto as infallible because they suffer alteration and chauÌ„ge by age and yeares yea almost in euery momente of tyme but yet so that by them appeareth alwayes certayne and vndoubted tokens that the state of the same bodye aforetime hath beene and was in this ryght good case plight constitutioÌ„ albeit now altered or perhaps clene decayed For as greate huige and sumptuous houses beynge falne downe and decayed shewe euidently by the ruynes and delapidations therof of what hugenesse and magnificence they earst were howe curious and busye the frame was howe skilful and industrious the Architecte and workeman was so in a laudable state Constitution and habite of body which is decayed and faded from his former disposition there appeare certayne reliques notes and tokens of the good temperament that aforetime was in the same Albeit sometime through greeuous sicknes or by some great mysfortune and outward calamity mans nature is so frushed and damped that al the vigour of the body all the beauty comelynes and shape thereof is nypped and cleane abolyshed like a goodly fayre buildyng that is eyther by tempeste shaken battered or by mysfortune of fyer vtterly burnte and wasted Thus feare astonment sodaine aâ—frighting the dread of daungers or death sodainly threatened do so wast and destroy the powers forme shape and beauty and so cleane altereth some meÌ„ froÌ„ that they were afore as though they had neuer bene the same Whereof there happened in our tyme a notable and straunge example in a yong Gentleman of noble byrthe and Parentage Who in the Court of the late Emperour Charles they farre ouershooting himselfe wythout regard of dutye remorse or reuerence of the place had carnallye defloured a certayne yong Gentlewoman whom he loued exceedingly which facâ— to be perpetrated vpon the bodyes of yonge Ladyes and noble virgins is accompted a thinge most haynous punishable by death yea although no force be offered to the damosell and although by secrete coÌ„sent and apparant likelyhoodes she greatly seeme not to retâ—â—t an amorous suite to her in such sort tendered This Gentleman therfore was coÌ„mitted to pryson lookynge the next day folowinge to be executed put to death For this is narowly loked vnto y noâ—e presumyng or daring to coÌ„mit any such villanie or to distein the Honour of the Princes Court with such lewd filthy pollution shal escape scotfree or go away vnpunished according to the greatnes of those his wilful libidinous demerites Languishyng all y nighte in great perplexitye griefe agonie sorowe al the while conceyuyng inwardly in mind the terrour dread of death so neere approchiÌ„g he was so altered and chaunged that at his arreignment the next day none of his owne famyliar acquaintaÌ„ce neyther yet the Emperour himselfe could knowe him So much had the horrour of death the despayre of any pardon win fewe houres pallifyed his colour and altered the state of his former coÌ„stitution All his beauty comely shape fresh coÌ„plexion was as it were so faded and exiled his face so incrediblie disâ—nowledged his colour of fresh cleare turned into wan swartye death-like his countenaunce to behold loathsome vglie his head couered ouer with graye heyres farre vnmeete for those yeres his beard sluttish dryueling filthy with spattering sneuel deformed The Emperour earnestly fixing his eye vppon him suspecting him not to be the self same man which had committed the fact mistrusted that some other person had beene put in his place whereuppon he commaunded present search to be made y matter to be throughly boulted out whether it were the selfe same party or no and whether his hoare heyres and gray beard were counterfeited by some confectioned oyntments artificially for the nonce coloured or no. But the matter being found true and plaine and no deceipte nor coloured collusion therein vsed his Maiestie was at the sight therof so astonned that his former resolution and purpose to haue the saide Gentleman punished was now tourned into compassioÌ„ ouer his pytifull case and iudging him to haue alreadye suffered punyshment suffycient pardoned him hys lyfe and remitted his offence The honourable Nicholas Mychault of Indeuelda a Gentleman in great fauour wyth hygh Prynces of all Noblemen worthylie esteemed demaunding of mee on a tyme sitting at the table the cause of thys so straunge and sodayne chaunge I aunswered that the very cause thereof proceeded of nothinge els then of his extreeme feare and vehement thinking vpon that daunger wherewyth he saw himselfe distressed the remeÌ„braunce and cogitation whereof searched the very innermost Senses in his body For that trouble affection so neerely touched him and so greuously perplexed his mynd y al vital heat spyrit was in him in a maner vtterly extincte whereby eche part of the body streightwayes altered and chauÌ„ged froÌ„ the fresh comely colour which they had before into an vglie and vnsightly habite insomuch that the rootes of the hayres which he y vaporous humyditie that lyeth within the skinne be nourished and preserued fresh in colour when the same humydity fayleth and in place thereof a cold dry quality reigneth do drye vp and cleane lose their former â—atyue ComplexioÌ„ and colour euen as grasse that wantinge the moystnes of the earth to coÌ„fort it caÌ„nnot but wyther patch away For euen as the Leaues of Trees the brauÌ„ches of greene Vynes seruing to defend y grapes from the iniury of weather are by extremyty of heate hayle rayne and Northren blastes which sometime blusterouslye blowe in the SoÌ„mer season altered from a pleasaunt greene verdure into a yealowysh tawnie colour So lykewyse the natural Complexion Iustynesse and shape of the body drowpeth and decayeth and the hayres which of theÌ„selues are no part of y body but an appentise superfluitye and ornamente to the body lackinge the strength and humyditye the nourisheth them become hoarye and graye longe before their due time which thinge wee see commonly happen to all those that spende their time in the warres or in daungerous traueyles on the Sea or which bee much troubled visited with sicknesse wherein is a certaine ymagination of verye death in their myndes For they remember and looke for nothing els they thinck vppon nothing somuch when they stand in battayle array ready at the sound of the Trompet to ioyne with the Enemye and to try it out by dent of sworde but euen there presently eyther to slay or be slaine makinge accompte thence neuer to escape aliue vnlesse peraduenture they be such as wyth longe custome haue so hardened and enured theyr mindes in many lyke daungerous bruntes that they neyther
feare death nor care for daunger Of which sort we see sondry old beatē Souldiours and such as haue been long and throughly experienced in many a sharpe storme vpon the raging Sea. Of such force is a throughly settled ymagination as by many Argumentes elsewhere I haue declared that a woman at the time of her conception stedfastly fixing her ymagination vppon any thinge deryueth enduceth certayne markes and tokens thereof into the Infant which thinge is well ynough knowen to happen also vnto mē that ardentlye earnestly fixe theyr imaginatiōs and thoughtes vppon any thing And thus did the cōtemplation of Christ nayled on the Crosse imprinte certayne strakes stampes and marks vppon the handes and feete of S. Frauncis if at leastwise his religious sectaryes fautours followers deserue herein any credit for the Images and Pictures in his name resemblaunce made and enthronyzed in Churches holding his hāds stretched out and open are carued of such fashiō and shew him to haue been such a one In what perplexity distresse agonie and feare our Sauiour Christ was euen by this to euery man euidently appeareth that he fixing his mind vppon the instant daunger wherein he presently stoode and as it were before his eyes beholding his death now imminent and at hand the sweate trickeled downe his body to the groūd lyke drops of bloude For the terrour and feare of death deepely sinking into a mās imagination is farre more greeuous terrible then death it selfe for many haue theyr Senses so astonnyed benummed y death happeneth vnto them without any feeling of paine at all as they y dye of the Apoplexie or drowsie Euill or such as fall into traunces whom the beholders cannot perceiue to feele any maner of paine but to synck down fallyng as it were into a sleepe or slumber And thus in daungerous aduētures and perilles hazarded by Sea and lande which to the eyes and mynd represent a very Image of death there is no man but feeleth in himselfe motions of feare and looketh pale vpon the matter for y his bloud at the sight of such dreadfull extremytie recuyleth and fleeth into the innermost partes of his body For when as all the parts of the body be forsaken of theyr vitall iuyce there is none of them that throughlye and well executeth his righte function and office the feete stagger and stumble the eyes dazzel the lustynesse of the mind drowpeth and is dulled the cheeks seeme flaggie and hanging downe the tongue stammering and the teeth gnashing and whetting His hayres for feare stand staring vp his tongue is tyed fast There is no man be he neuer of so constant stout a heart but is at one sodayne chaunce or other appaulled therewith shrinketh in courage but yet so that straight wayes abandoning feare and ankoring his firme trust vppon God he eftsones recouereth his courage and banyshing dastardly feare remayneth constant vnterryfyed And if the case so stand those imminent daungers be not conueniently to be auoyded couragiously and stcutly obiecteth himselfe to the push of any hazards with vnappaulled stomacke going through stitch wyth his purpose Therefore there is no creature lyuinge by breath vnto whom death is not dreadfull and terrible because it bringeth destructiō and vtter dissolution vnto all vnlesse onelye to suche whose myndes bee stupefyed and their Senses blunted and vnperfecte as olde decrepite persons yong Infantes fooles Madmen and Rauers which haue no remembraunce or cogitatiō of any thing that is fearefull and formidable neyther feele anye payne and griefe as others whose brayne is firme and sounde and theyr Anymall faculty perfect do but specially as I sayd before they that are oppressed wyth the Lethargie Apoplexie or in Traunces sownings with do as it were by litle litle cloase their eyes and seeme as though they fell into a gentle slumber without feeling any payne at all The effect of this my ouerlong discourse tendeth to this end that although there be in the body of man many goodlye furnitures and in the mynde sondry excellent ornamentes yet notwithstanding the life of man is subiect euery where in all places to innumerable casualties myssehapps and inconueniences and is on ech syde beset torne in peeces wyth suche a number of myseryes and byrecknyngs as euery way weaken and appayre the perfecte vigoure and lustye state thereof But if no myschaunce or harme assault the same it may in good case temper many yeares continue as by frugality holesome diet orderly qualification of all affections insomuche that euen till the yeares of decrepicie there doe appeare the tokens and markes of a righte good Constitucion and habite which thinge is manifestlye to bee seene by some that in Oldage are as lusty and haue their wittes as freshe and youthlyke and their bodyes not so barreine vnactiue fruitlesse as many Yong men haue Now forasmuch as the lustly and full growen age of Adolescencie doth consiste in a temperament of hoate and moyst continuyng in a maner for the most part in a moderate meane of equability and perfourming all his actions throughlye and inculpablye so also as touchinge the maner and order of Sleepe it keepeth such stinte and measure as is not greatly to be mysliked For their Sleepe is quiet and nothing troublesome nor disturbed with any distemperaunce or nightlye vanityes For the brayne is moystened and refreshed with a sweete pleasaunt vapour so that the mynde thereby is not troubled with any maner of absurde annoyaunces but onelye the labours exercyses and deuyses of the daye and the needefull cares for the dailye mayntenaunce of this life the perfourmaunce whereof resteth and apperteyneth for the daye to accomplish These doth the mynde and imaginatiue parte of man deuyse and studye vpon toward mornyng after a man hath slept his deade or sounde sleepe which is so quietly done that therein is no phātasticall dreamyng And if the mynde and spyrite do then reuolue and debate in dreame anye other straunge or vnaccustomed thing then onely suche as falleth out for the day to consider vppon the same certes signifyeth abundaunce of ill Humours to be pestered within the bodye causinge the troubled spyrites to sende manye confused ymaginations and vaine foolishe visions vp into the chiefe Castle of the mynde and of such sonde dreames to interprete or prognosticate any euent or happe of future thinges to depend or rashlye to gather any signification or meaninge is childishe vayne wicked and superstitious as the Scripture plainly flatly witnesseth notwithstanding sometimes dreames such I meane as are sent heauenly suggestion happen not without some diuination and infallible presage or foresight of things to come For our heauenlye father vseth now and then to admonish and awake our drowsy myndes and retchlesse natures laying before vs in visions and dreames somewhile good and holesome sometime ill and lamentable happes thereby to try whether yet at length wee will be obeysaunt
complexion of humayne body and cause diuers sorts and sondry differences of Natures and maners And in this sorte doth this constitution whereof wee now speake breede and bring foorth into the Theatre of this world some that be stout Braggers and shamelesse praters some Parasites clawbackes some Dolts and cockscombes some selfe pleasers which thinke more of themselues then all the rest of the Towne besyde doth some Mynstrelles and Pypers some gracelesse Ruffians and Spendalls ryotously wastyng and consumyng their Patrimony Some Dycers and Gamsters some Trēcher frends and Coseners some Counterfaiters Skoffers Tumblers and Gesturers some Iugglers Legier du maine players wyth a great rablemente of other lewde Lubbers of other sorts besyde A rabling route of ydle loutes consuming grayne and corne Deuoyde of thryft cyphers to fill vp roume and tale forlorne Right vvoers of Penelope starke verlettes flattringe mates And Bellygoddes addict toomuch to cheere and dainty cates VVho loue to snort in bedde till none and heare the mynstrelles playe On vvarbling Harpes to banish dumpes and chase all care avvay For slthens they neither obserue stay nor moderation in their liues and conuersation neither frame to liue in any good and laudable order but loyter and haunte the companye of wilfull and lewdly disposed persons it commeth to passe that in maners they proue starke noughte and gracelesse and by meanes of the heate and abundaunce of bloude prone and prompte to pursue the inticements of all sensuall lustes and vnbrydled affections reputinge the chiefest felicitye to consist in pleasure And of this sort are al Riotours all Banqueters and dissolute lecherers whose whole care industry and delight night and daye is to drowne themselues in the gulph of Sensuality and bellycheere They liue as the Prouerbe is a Minstrelles life that is to say nycely ydly altogether in a maner vpon other mens coste and for that they keepe neither ho nor measure in their affections but wholly addicte themselues to ingluuions excesse vnseasonable watchinge and immoderate lust of carnall venerie therefore their bodies lye open to al such diseases and Sicknes as consist in the fulnes of humours namely the Squinzye and swellinge of the Iawes Inflammations of the kernels of y mouth and the Uuula swelling of the fundemēt Pyles Hemorrhoydes bleeding at the Nose Pleurysie Stitches Inflammation of the Lunges and many other for all these it shal be moste expedient to be let bloud To this number is also to be added the Ague Ephemera or Diaria so named because cōmonly it is of no longer thē one dayes continuance albeit sometime it lasteth till the fourth daye and hereunto is to bee referred the Sweating Sicknesse which because it beganne first in England is called the English Sweate the Accident of which disease is sowning greenous pame at the heart ioyned with a bytinge at the Stomacke whereby a man is no lesse payned then if the heart if selfe beinge the fountcyne of life should through anye contagious ayre be infected and oppressed As by proofe it fell out in the Moneth of September 1529. at what time al the Low Countreyes were in a maner generally visited with this contagious Sweate and pestilent Ephemera proceedinge of corruption of the Ayre wherewith so many as were infected were brought into great terrour tremblinge and sowning throughe feeblenes of mynde and pantinge their heart labouring beating within them extremely During which infectious time of vistacion there happened an other mischiefe and inconuenience which made the matter a greate deale more lamentable For certaine ignorante Empyrykes contrary to the Rules of Arte and without taking any regard or consideration to the strength and powers of nature violentlye kepte their Patients sweating the space of xii houres whereby many by extreeme heat ouercome were with their bolsters many bedclothes styfled vp Seing now that corruption of the Ayre is the cause of this greeuous maladye or Ephemerall Ague and that the Symptoma or Accidēt therof which euen attendeth and wayteth vppon it lyke as the shadow on the body is greeuous payne at the heart and sownyng so is the Sweat it self the Crysis thereof wherby Nature being strong dispelleth and sendeth oute moyste fulsome fumes and sty kinge Humours and consequentlye banisheth the disease it must therfore at any hād be moderate and not aboue the space of iiii or vi houres at the most according to the imbecillitye and strength of nature For toomuche cleane throweth downe all the strength and vtterly destroyeth the vitall spyrites Nowe why this disease is tearmed by the name of the English Sweat I suppose grewe hereuppon for that the people of that Countrey be oftē therewith attached partly through theyr curious and dainty fare and great abundance of meates wherewyth they cramme themselues very ingluuiously euen as the Germaynes Netherlāders do wyth dryncke and partly which I noted at my late beyng in that Realme about the tyme of Mydsommer by reason that the ayre wyth them is troubled cloudy and many tymes wyth foggie dampes ouercast wherby is engendred the cause and originall both inwardlye and outwardlye of this disease the vehemēcy wherof bryngeth thē into a bloudy sweating wherw t they must wrestle stryue as wyth a most fierce strong ennemy and which they must endeuour wyth al might to supplant hereupon happen Traunces and sownynges throughe feeblenesse of body and mynde faynting and drowpyng of the spyrites decaye of powers stopping of the pypes and voyce and life almost thereby cleane yelded vppe and the partye brought euen vnto deathes doore For this Countrey people not able to abyde any great trauayle and labour as beinge persōs cockering themselues in much tender nicetye and effeminate lyfe are verye procliue and apte to be throwen thereby into the languishyng extremity of this perillous disease It is expediente for them therefore to be recomforted cheryshed reuiued and refreshed wyth sweete odours and with the drynkinge of pure good Wyne And hereupon commeth it that this Nation peculiarly and almost daily vseth to dryncke Maluesay or Secke to comfort restore their Stomackes when they be quaysie or surcharged wyth excesse of sundry curious dishes which thing I finde to haue beene vsed and put in vre by men of elder time to helpe such discrasyes whose order was with this wyne to dryue away payne at the hart Stitches Sowning or Traūces Cholick fretting of the guttes and bellye ache Thus the Poet luuenal trumpeth a certayne myserable Chuffe and niggardlye Pinchpenie for that he denyed to geeue a litle wyne to one of his frends that fell into a sowne or traunce through feeblenes toomuch sweating ' being in great daūger of his lyfe He stoares and drincks old vvyne long kept Euen since the cyuile stryfe VVhen garboyles and dissension in Common vvealth vvere ryfe VVho Snudgelike to his frend vvhose heart vvas paynd vvith stitch and griefe Not one poore draught thereof vvould send to ease
Reg. 16. Philip king of Spaine A straunge example of a yongman sodainly become graye headed One sodainly gray headed Why some men euen sodainly are chaunged in Complex iâ—n and colour Imagination Luke 22. Feare of death more terrible theÌ„ death it self Who dye in maner with out paine The cause of fearefulnes when a man is in dauÌ„ger Lib. 3. Aeneid A wyseman sometime is put in â–ª feare AstonnishmeÌ„t of mind taketh away the feeling of pain Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Dreames sometime sent from God. Cap. 2. Cap. 7. To what vse and purpose sleepe serueth The vertue and force of bloud as touching the framinge of the inwarde dispositioÌ„ maners of the mynde PersoÌ„s mere Sanguine for the most part starcke fooles CommeÌ„t 1. de nat human Man a Wolfe Mic. ca. 7. Man a Lyon Cap. 19. MaÌ„ an Ape Man a Foxe Children â–ª quick stirâ—â—nge and playing and the cause why Boylinge of bloud in youth like to spurging of newe wyne in the Tunne Playig with the heade what it signifyeth Sapien. 4. In Art. Poet. Lewd and ill disposed CouÌ„sellours do youth mutch harm Pers Sa. 5 Good counsell and vertuous education bringeth youth to goodnes Bloud vseth the helpe of other humours in framing the manners Difference betweene Sangâ—ine Cholerick Cholericke persoÌ„s great flouters SaÌ„guine curteous and myld natured Inciination of nature Best proportion measure of blod to other humours Horat. in Art Poet. Humours of more force then the plâ—nets Hor. lib. 1 epist. 2. Bloude eggeth a man to riot and wilfuines Ephemera or Diaria The English Sweate a kinde of the Ague Ephemera When the Sweatinge sicknes first began in Belgie Blinde Byards In what sort â—o sweat and how longe Englishmen subiect aboue other Countreyes to the swearinge sickenesse Iuuen. Sat. 5. Hoat and moyst ComplexioÌ„s subiect to putre faction Receiptes Laxatiue soluble Howe exercise is to be vsed The head taketh hurt by the disorder of the in feriour meÌ„bers Oppilation of the liuer from wheÌ„ce it coÌ„meth Tuend Val. 6. Wormwod holsome for the liuer Things puttinge away oppilation Harmes of Venetie carnall copulation Commodity of Venery Seede beiÌ„g corrupt is cause of much incoÌ„â—enience ModeratioÌ„ of Carnall dealinges Prou. 8. Whores in lecherous lust neuer satisfyed nor in rewards Art. Modic 86. Sperme or Seede Matth. 19 1. Cor. 7. Sapient 8 Continency and Chastity a speciall gift of God. Matth. 17 Phlegm the matter of Bloud The myxture of the Humours compared to wyne Mylke of Bloud The cause why Pytha goras Scholers woulde eate no Mylke Mylke in the breastes of yonge Children Kernellie fleshe as in the dugges Euery parte of the body hath his seueral vertue The vse and effect of Phlegme The place where Phlegme is Diseases ê“ocedinge of Phlegme Hora. lib. 1. epist. 1. The heâ—d Stomacke the engendrers coÌ„ceptacles of Phlegme The harmes of a bodye and of a Realm first beginne at the head Prou. 19. 17. A brawling wife is lyke the top of a house wher throughe it is euer dropping Diseases ê“ceedinge of Rewmes Catarthes DroÌ„ken meÌ„ stammer double in their speach Stammereâ—â— cannot speake softly Nature of persoÌ„s Phlegmatike What Beastes fowles fishes be holesomest to eate A dead Eâ—le floateth not aboue water why Notes of a cold and moyst body Whereof hoarie hayres come Hoaryneâ—â—e in meates Dreames shewe and bewray the disposition state CoÌ„plexion of the bodye Naturall Dreams interpretable Diuine Dreames Dreames of the Phlegmatick Leuit. 19. Deut. 13. Wee maye not rashlye credite all Dreames Pollution effluxion of Seede howe it hapneth Canis paneÌ„ somnians Cap. 29. A place of Esay expoâ—ded Tokens of a colde and moyst complexion Reason yelded howe these Prouerbes EmuÌ„cte naris Obesae naris first began Prayse of a Phlegmatike person Phlegmatik persoÌ„s must vse exercyse Lib. 1. Tuend Val. lib. 5. The Phlegmatik must vse light suppers Foure kinds and effectes of Phlegme Gal. de Plenit Sweete Phlegme Sower Phlegme Doggishe appetite Epiala Salte Phlegme Harmes of salt Phlegm Glassie or clammie Phlegme What parts of the body be subiect to Phlegme Vse of Clysters Heate dissolueth moysture euen as the SuÌ„ne doth yse All men in daunger to phlegme Crudlty engendreth Phlegme All thinges done by memory Memory resteth in the Braine Things hurtful to the Memory Carnal knowledge of women is a weakening to the body A dry brain hath litle remembrauÌ„ce A moyste braine vnhable to remember Old folk yonge Children haue ill memories but the reason of the one is contrary to the other Temperature of the braine the maintenaÌ„ce of Memory Memory the gifte of Nature and is by Arte holpen and made better The reason why childreÌ„ caÌ„ remeÌ„ber things long afore done The Nucha and nape of the necke must bee kept warm A maÌ„ would bee glad to forget some things Mans corrupt nature more prone to ill theÌ„ to good Themistocles wyshed to learn the art of forget fulnes Olde grudges are to be forgotteÌ„ Healthe the strengthe of the Memorye Crudity and surphet the spoylers of Memory Ad HereÌ„ Lib. 3. tit 7. Memorye greatly helped and preserued by lighte Suppers In som shauinge of the head is a helpinge to Memory in other some a hindraunce Shauinge of the Bearde helpeth Memory ThiÌ„gs good for the Memory Herbes that sharpen the witte Restoratiues and remedies for the Memory being empayred or decayed throgh coldnes moysture To restoare a Memorye seemig past all recouery Onyons ill both for the eyes Memory Lactuce dimmeth the sight Rapes very beneficial restoratiue â–ª for the eyes What sorts of Braynes be beste for Memory Washing of the head Coriander Conserue of Quinces Sweet smels coÌ„fortable to the spirits The confectioÌ„ of Anacardus good for the Memory To restoare speach To restoare the right vse of the toÌ„gue to them that haue the Apoplexie The vertue of Lignum Aloes A Cocke to crow continnally without ceassing All thinges subiect to chaunge A Cholerick man. Choler natural and besyde nature The office of Choler Anger what it is By what partes of the body Choler is purged Iaundice Wringynge of the small Gutts Notes wherby to know a hoate and dry CoÌ„plexion Virg. li. 4 Georg. Yealow hayre Redde beards Nature of Themistos cles Red beardâ— argueth not alwayes an ill disposed person Wylie Foxes Lib. 6. Sat. 3. Horat. in Art. Poet. Iuuen. Sat. 6. Pale or Citrine Choler Tertian Agues Burâ—ing Ageâ—es Lucan lib. 7. Cholericke folkes haue many dread full and terrible Dreames Howe to purge Choler Slepe whole som good for Cholericke folke Yolkie Choler Leekish or greeue Choler Lib. 2. praedict ca. 39 Rustie or Brassie Choler The Wolfe 〈◊〉 disease Virg. AEneid 1. Death Man subiect to many casualties What limitation oure prayers and wyshes ought to haue No man but is subiect to MelaÌ„choly Students muche troubled wyth MelaÌ„choly Two sorts of MelaÌ„choly Whereto MelaÌ„choly is like The taste relyce of MelaÌ„choly De locis affect lib. 3. cap. 5. The vse and Nature of the Mylt In curcul Act. 2. The Mylte hindereth agility and quicknes of body Mylt caÌ„not be taken away The Splene lykened to a Princes Exchequer or Treasury The Mylte causeth a maÌ„ to laugh be mery Wyne cheereth the hartes of them that bee seuere maketh them as merye as a Pye. What time Melancholike persons be out of measure mery Beste for grim and seuere folkes to vse mery company The souereigntye of the heart Cordati Socordes Vecordes Genes 3. Catiline 1. Reg. 20 Genes 4. Cain a patterne of desperation Gal. 3. Agreement betwene the Heart and the Braine The Gall is the fouÌ„teina of Anger Tâ—e Lyuer causeth lust and carnall desire The Mylte beinge in right case cause of myrthe and cherefulnes The Mylte affected maketh the mynde heauy and sad Perturbations of mind Diseases of the Splene Pers Sa. 4. Signes of a desteÌ„pered Brayne Tormentes of an vnquiet mynde Timon a hater of all men Iliad 3. Causes of MelaÌ„choly affections Torment of an vnquiet and guiltye conscience Saty. 〈◊〉 Remoâ—â—â— Consciâ—â— for wiâ—â— deedes Esay 〈◊〉 Despysinge of Gods word auenged and punished Esay 36 Leaning to a broken reede 4. Reg. 18. Ezech. 29. Deut. 28. Leuit. 26. Iere. 〈◊〉 Double câ—â—trition 1. Cor. 10. Notes of a cold drye ComplexioÌ„ PersoÌ„s Phâ—â—gmatick 〈◊〉 coloured Trophonius Denne S. Patrickes Purgatory Three sorts of vnnatural MelaÌ„choly The colâ—â— of Melaâ—â— choly enâ—â—â—med Signes of suche as bee subiecte to MelaÌ„choly StaÌ„meringe of tongue Melancholy hath some heate in it Melancholike persons fickle headed and vnconstant Affectes of Melancholie cold Doltishe or Asselike Melancholie The force of Melancholie much encreased Probl. sect 30. Quest 13. Sundry coÌ„ditions of Drouken folkes Sat. 10. Melancholyke folkes lecherous Drunkards in the act of generation very weake and feeble Lib. 1. Epist. 5. Lib. 2. epist. 2. Certaine historyes of Melancholike persons A notable story and reporte of a certaine Melancholike man. Such as hee sterued vp with famine elye vpoÌ„ the seueÌ„th day Slepe easeth the ydlenes of the brain or rauing Aneid 6. How to expunge and beat downe MelaÌ„choly Three sorts of MelaÌ„cholye WheÌ„ to let Melancholike persons bloud Good for Melancholike persons to bee laxatiue soluble Lib. 6. Aph. 48. Spirits shuffle themselues in amoÌ„g the humors Melancholy folkes must keepe them selues soluble Hare geeueth MelaÌ„cholike nourishment Hare the holesoÌ„â—er 〈◊〉 â—â—gâ—hly hunted Ahore good for manye purposes in Phisicke To eate a Hare a Prouerbe Moderate myrthe and baÌ„quetting stirreth vp a pleasaunt colour and reuiueth the Spirits The outvvard countenaunce of a man bewrayeth the inwarde affections of his mind Diet for Melancholicke persons Liquide meates do quickly non rish Such as bee subiecte to sicknes and quaisie must eate but little bread The cause that briÌ„geth a stronge breath Holesome exhortatioÌ„ Quietnes tranquillity of mynd maketh all in good order and frame Printed at London in Fleetstreete by Thomas Marsh 1576. Cum Priuilegio